text:
Confirmation in the Catholic Church
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other Christian interpretations of Confirmation, see Confirmation (Christian sacrament).
The Seven Sacraments Altarpiece, by Rogier van der Weyden, depicting a Latin Church bishop administering confirmation in the 14th century
Confirmation is one of the seven sacraments of the Catholic Church. It is the one of the three sacraments of initiation into the Catholic Church, the other two being Baptism and First Holy Communion.[1]
According to Catholic doctrine, in the sacrament of Confirmation, the faithful are sealed with the gift of the Holy Spirit and are strengthened in their Christian life.
Contents
[hide]
1 Description
2 Western Church
3 Age
4 Imagery
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Description[edit]
The Catechism of the Catholic Church states:[2]
Recall then that you have received the spiritual seal, the Spirit of wisdom and understanding and courage, the spirit of right judgment and courage, the spirit of knowledge and reverence, the Spirit of holy fear in God's presence. Guard what you have received. God our Father has marked you with his sign; Christ the Lord has confirmed you and has placed his pledge, the Spirit, in your heart.[3]
The Catechism of the Catholic Church sees as a scriptural basis for Confirmation as a sacrament distinct from Baptism the account in the Acts of the Apostles 8:14-17:[4][5]
Now when the apostles, who were in Jerusalem, had heard that Samaria had received the word of God, they sent unto them Peter and John. Who, when they were come down, prayed for them, that they might receive the Holy Ghost. For he was not as yet come upon any of them; but they were only baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus. Then they laid their hands upon them, and they received the Holy Ghost.
Western Church[edit]
In the Latin Church (i.e. Western Catholic Church), the sacrament is to be conferred on the faithful at about the age of discretion (generally taken to be about 7), unless the Episcopal Conference has decided on a different age, or there is danger of death or, in the judgment of the minister, a grave reason suggests otherwise.[6] Even in those countries where the episcopal conference has set a later age as normal, a bishop may not refuse to confer the sacrament on younger children who request it, provided they are baptized, have the use of reason, are suitably instructed and are properly disposed and able to renew the baptismal promises (letter of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments published in its 1999 bulletin, pages 537–540).
The sacrament is customarily conferred only on people old enough to understand it, and the ordinary minister of Confirmation is a bishop. Only for a serious reason may the diocesan bishop delegate a priest to administer the sacrament (canon 884 of the Code of Canon Law). However, a priest may confer the sacrament when he baptizes someone who is no longer an infant or admits a person already baptized to full communion with the Catholic Church, or if the person (adult or child) to be confirmed is in danger of death (canon 883). Priests typically administer the sacrament during the Easter Vigil Mass to adults becoming members of the Catholic Church. It is the conclusion of the Rite of Christian Initiation of Adults (RCIA) program. Priests customarily ask for and are granted permission for this occasion. (Canon 882-888).
Age[edit]
Bishop anoints young adult by using oil of Chrism
In the early Church, through the Middle Ages, confirmation was closely linked with baptism and it was often performed on infants before their first birthday, but in some churches, the minimal age of 10 years comes into play.[7] Like baptism, confirmation was an act for which the parents were held responsible. Two synods held in England during the thirteenth century differed over whether confirmation had to be administered within one year after birth, or within three years.[8] Confirmation became a much more important rite when concerns about understanding and faith grew, in particular following the Reformation.[9]
After the Fourth Lateran Council, Communion, which continued to be given only after Confirmation, was to be administered only on reaching the age of reason. Some time after the 13th century, the age of Confirmation and Communion began to be delayed further, from seven, to twelve and to fifteen.[10] The 1917 Code of Canon Law, while recommending that Confirmation be delayed until about seven years of age, allowed it be given at an earlier age.[11] Only on 30 June 1932 was official permission given to change the traditional order of the three sacraments of Christian initiation: the Sacred Congregation for the Sacraments then allowed, where necessary, that Confirmation be administered after first Holy Communion. This novelty, originally seen as exceptional, became more and more the accepted practice. Thus, in the mid-20th century, Confirmation began to be seen as an occasion for professing personal commitment to the faith on the part of someone approaching adulthood.
However, the Catechism of the Catholic Church, 1308 warns: "Although Confirmation is sometimes called the 'sacrament of Christian maturity,' we must not confuse adult faith with the adult age of natural growth, nor forget that the baptismal grace is a grace of free, unmerited election and does not need 'ratification' to become effective."[12]
On the canonical age for confirmation in the Latin or Western Catholic Church, the present (1983) Code of Canon Law, which maintains unaltered the rule in the 1917 Code, specifies that the sacrament is to be conferred on the faithful at about the age of discretion (generally taken to be about 7), unless the episcopal conference has decided on a different age, or there is a danger of death or, in the judgement of the minister, a grave reason suggests otherwise (canon 891 of the Code of Canon Law). The Code prescribes the age of discretion also for the sacraments of Penance[13] and first Holy Communion.[14]
Since the Second Vatican Council, the setting of a later age, e.g. mid-teens in the United States, early teens in Ireland and Britain, has been abandoned in some places in favour of restoring the traditional order of the three sacraments of Christian initiation.[15][16][17][18] Even where a later age has been set, a bishop may not refuse to confer the sacrament on younger children who request it, provided they are baptized, have the use of reason, are suitably instructed and are properly disposed and able to renew the baptismal promises (letter of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments published in its 1999 bulletin, pages 537–540).
Imagery[edit]
Although Confirmation is sometimes called the "sacrament of Christian maturity," we must not confuse adult faith with the adult age of natural growth, nor forget that the baptismal grace is a grace of free, unmerited election and does not need "ratification" to become effective. St. Thomas Aquinas reminds us of this: Age of body does not determine age of soul. Even in childhood man can attain spiritual maturity: as the book of Wisdom says: For old age is not honored for length of time, or measured by number of years. Many children, through the strength of the Holy Spirit they have received, have bravely fought for Christ even to the shedding of their blood. (Catechism of the Catholic Church #1308)
The "soldier of Christ" imagery, remains valid[19] but is downplayed if seen as part of the once common idea of Confirmation as a "sacrament of maturity",[20] was used as far back as 350, by St Cyril of Jerusalem.[21] In this connection, the touch on the cheek that the bishop gave while saying "Pax tecum" (Peace be with you) to the person he had just confirmed was interpreted in the Roman Pontifical as a slap, a reminder to be brave in spreading and defending the faith: "Deinde leviter eum in maxilla caedit, dicens: Pax tecum" (Then he strikes him lightly on the cheek, saying: Peace be with you) (cf. the knightly custom of the accolade). When, in application of the Second Vatican Council's Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy,[22] the Confirmation rite was revised in 1971, mention of this gesture was omitted. However, the French and Italian translations, indication that the bishop should accompany the words "Peace be with you" with "a friendly gesture" (French text) or "the sign of peace" (Italian text), explicitly allow a gesture such as the touch on the cheek, to which they restore its original meaning. This is in accord with the Introduction to the Rite of Confirmation, 17, which indicates that the episcopal conference may decide "to introduce a different manner for the minister to give the sign of peace after the anointing, either to each individual or to all the newly confirmed together."
See also[edit]
Catholicism portal
Sacraments of initiation
Seven gifts of the Holy Spirit
Parish register
References[edit]
Jump up ^ The Holy See. The Sacraments of Christian Initiation Compendium of the Catechism of the Catholic Church; Vatican Press (The Vatican, 2005); part 2, section 2, chapter 1; accessed 26 September 2017.
Jump up ^ It is evident from its celebration cb.org/catechism/text/pt2sect2chpt1art2.htm Catechism of the Catholic Church 1302-1303
Jump up ^ St. Ambrose, De myst. 7, 42: PL 16, 402-403.
Jump up ^ Catechism of the Catholic Church, 1315
Jump up ^ RCIA Catechetical Resources, Confirmation, Nature of the Sacrament
Jump up ^ canon 891 of the Code of Canon Law Archived 18 July 2006 at the Wayback Machine. canon 891
Jump up ^ Encyclopedia of Children and Childhood in History and Society; Catholicism: The Early Church; accessed 17 January 2011.
Jump up ^ Councils and Synods with other Documents relating to the English Church: II. Part 1 (1205-1265), Part II (1265-1313); edited by F.M. Powicke and C.R. Cheny (Oxford, 1964)
Jump up ^ Brewer, Holly. By Birth or Consent: Children, Law, & the Anglo-American Revolution in Authority; Univ. of North Carolina Press (Chapel Hill, 2005); pp 65-68; accessed 16 January 2011.
Jump up ^ Kay Lynn Isca, Catholic Etiquette (Our Sunday Visitor 1997 ISBN 0-87973-590-2), p. 91
Jump up ^ canon 788 of the 1917 Code of Canon Law
Jump up ^ Catechism of the Catholic Church, 1308
Jump up ^ canon 989
Jump up ^ canons 913–914
Jump up ^ The Restored Order of Sacraments of Initiation
Jump up ^ Confirmation before communion, Liverpool decides Archived 11 April 2013 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Interchurch Families Archived 3 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Why Confirmation should be before the age of ten
Jump up ^ Confirmation Preparation Archived 4 April 2006 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ link not working Archived 19 April 2006 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ SACRAMENT OF CONFIRMATION (WHAT IS IT ALL ABOUT?)
Jump up ^ CONSTITUTION ON THE SACRED LITURGY Archived 21 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine.
External links[edit]
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Thomas Aquinas on Confirmation
The Rite of Confirmation Resource Site
1285-1321. Catechism of the Catholic Church
[show]
v
t
e
Sacraments, rites, and liturgies of the Catholic Church
Sacraments
Baptism
Confirmation
Eucharist
Penance
Anointing of the Sick
Holy Orders
Matrimony
Mass
Low Mass
Missa Cantata
Solemn Mass
Pontifical High Mass
Papal Mass
Canonical
liturgical hours
Matins (nighttime)
Lauds (early morning)
Prime (first hour of daylight)
Terce (third hour)
Sext (noon)
Nones (ninth hour)
Vespers (sunset evening)
Compline (end of the day)
Other liturgical services
Asperges
Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament
Exorcism
Funeral
Requiem
Liturgy of the Hours
Liturgical literature
Antiphonary
Book of hours
Breviary
Gospel Book
Gradual
Lectionary
Martyrology
Psalter
Roman Missal
Roman Ritual
Sacramentary
Liturgical
rites
Latin
Ambrosian Rite
Rite of Braga
Mozarabic Rite
Roman Rite
Mass of Paul VI
Extraordinary form
Anglican Use
Zaire Use
Eastern
Alexandrian Rite
Armenian Rite
Antiochene Rite
Byzantine Rite
East Syrian Rite
West Syrian Rite: Malankara Rite
Orders
Benedictine Rite
Carmelite Rite
Carthusian Rite
Cistercian Rite
Dominican Rite
Norbertine Rite
Defunct rites
and liturgies
African Rite
Aquileian Rite
Celtic Rite
Durham Rite
Gallican Rite
Use of Hereford
Missa Nautica
Missa Sicca
Missa Venatoria
Pre-Tridentine Mass
Use of York
Sarum Rite
Catholicism portal
[show]
v
t
e
Catholic Church
Index
Outline
History
(Timeline)
Jesus
Holy Family
Mary
Joseph
Apostles
Early Christianity
History of the papacy
Ecumenical councils
Missions
Great Schism of East
Crusades
Great Schism of West
Protestant Reformation
Council of Trent
Counter-Reformation
Catholic Church by country
Vatican City
index
Vatican II
Definition of the Church
Ecumenism
Dei verbum
Dignitatis humanae
Gaudium et spes
Lumen gentium
Nostra aetate
Sacrosanctum concilium
Hierarchy
(Precedence)
Pope (List)
Pope Francis (2013–)
conclave
inauguration
theology
canonizations
visits
Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI (2005–2013)
Roman Curia
College of Cardinals
Cardinal
Patriarchate
Episcopal conference
Patriarch
Major archbishop
Primate
Metropolitan
Archbishop
Diocesan bishop
Coadjutor bishop
Auxiliary bishop
Titular bishop
Bishop emeritus
Abbot
Abbess
Superior general
Provincial superior
Grand Master
Prior (-ess)
Priest
Brother
Friar
Sister
Monk
Nun
Hermit
Master of novices
Novice
Oblate
Postulant
Laity
Theology
Body and soul
Bible
Catechism
Divine grace
Dogma
Ecclesiology
Four Marks of the Church
Original sin
List
Salvation
Sermon on the Mount
Ten Commandments
Trinity
Worship
Mariology
Assumption
History
Immaculate Conception
Mariology of the popes
Mariology of the saints
Mother of God
Perpetual virginity
Veneration
Philosophy
Natural law
Moral theology
Personalism
Social teaching
Philosophers
Sacraments
Baptism
Confirmation
Eucharist
Penance
Anointing of the Sick
Last rites
Holy orders
Matrimony
Saints
Mary
Apostles
Archangels
Confessors
Disciples
Doctors of the Church
Evangelists
Church Fathers
Martyrs
Patriarchs
Prophets
Virgins
Doctors
of the
Church
Gregory the Great
Ambrose
Augustine of Hippo
Jerome
John Chrysostom
Basil of Caesarea
Gregory of Nazianzus
Athanasius of Alexandria
Cyril of Alexandria
Cyril of Jerusalem
John of Damascus
Bede the Venerable
Ephrem the Syrian
Thomas Aquinas
Bonaventure
Anselm of Canterbury
Isidore of Seville
Peter Chrysologus
Leo the Great
Peter Damian
Bernard of Clairvaux
Hilary of Poitiers
Alphonsus Liguori
Francis de Sales
Peter Canisius
John of the Cross
Robert Bellarmine
Albertus Magnus
Anthony of Padua
Lawrence of Brindisi
Teresa of Ávila
Catherine of Siena
Thérèse of Lisieux
John of Ávila
Hildegard of Bingen
Gregory of Narek
Institutes,
orders,
and societies
Assumptionists
Annonciades
Augustinians
Basilians
Benedictines
Bethlehemites
Blue nuns
Camaldoleses
Camillians
Carmelites
Carthusians
Cistercians
Clarisses
Conceptionists
Crosiers
Dominicans
Franciscans
Good Shepherd Sisters
Hieronymites
Jesuits
Mercedarians
Minims
Olivetans
Oratorians
Piarists
Premonstratensians
Redemptorists
Servites
Theatines
Trappists
Trinitarians
Visitandines
Associations
of the faithful
International Federation of Catholic Parochial Youth Movements
International Federation of Catholic Universities
International Kolping Society
Schoenstatt Apostolic Movement
International Union of Catholic Esperantists
Community of Sant'Egidio
Charities
Aid to the Church in Need
Caritas Internationalis
Catholic Home Missions
Catholic Relief Services
CIDSE
Particular
churches
(By country)
Latin Church
Eastern Catholic Churches: Albanian
Armenian
Belarusian
Bulgarian
Chaldean
Coptic
Croatian and Serbian
Eritrean
Ethiopian
Georgian
Greek
Hungarian
Italo-Albanian
Macedonian
Maronite
Melkite
Romanian
Russian
Ruthenian
Slovak
Syriac
Syro-Malabar
Syro-Malankara
Ukrainian
Liturgical rites
Alexandrian
Antiochian
Armenian
Byzantine
East Syrian
Latin
Anglican Use
Ambrosian
Mozarabic
Roman
West Syrian
Catholicism portal
Pope portal
Vatican City portal
Book
Name
Media
Category
Templates
WikiProject
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Confirmation_in_the_Catholic_Church&oldid=811704907"
Categories:
Catholic liturgy
Sacraments of the Catholic Church
Hidden categories:
Webarchive template wayback links
Use dmy dates from August 2011
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Deutsch
Հայերեն
Lingála
Magyar
Русский
தமிழ்
Українська
Tiếng Việt
Edit links
This page was last edited on 23 November 2017, at 11:00.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

values:
/wiki/Sacraments_(Catholic_Church)
mw-redirect
Sacraments (Catholic Church)

values:
/wiki/First_Holy_Communion
mw-redirect
First Holy Communion

values:
/wiki/Episcopal_Conference
mw-redirect
Episcopal Conference

values:
/wiki/Communion_(Christian)
mw-redirect
Communion (Christian)

values:
/wiki/Fourth_Lateran_Council
mw-redirect
Fourth Lateran Council

values:
/wiki/Canon_law_(Catholic_Church)
mw-redirect
Canon law (Catholic Church)

values:
/wiki/Age_of_reason_(canon_law)
mw-redirect
Age of reason (canon law)

values:
/wiki/Catholic_minister
mw-redirect
Catholic minister

values: display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle

values: margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.eriercd.org/theology05.asp

values: -moz-column-width: 35em; -webkit-column-width: 35em; column-width: 35em; list-style-type: decimal;

values: wikisource:Summa Theologiae/Third Part/Question 72

values: Template:Sacraments, rites, and liturgies of the Catholic Church

values: Template talk:Sacraments, rites, and liturgies of the Catholic Church

values: col navbox-title 3 background-color:gold

values:
/wiki/Confirmation_(Catholic_Church)
mw-redirect
Confirmation (Catholic Church)

values:
/wiki/Holy_Orders_(Catholic_Church)
mw-redirect
Holy Orders (Catholic Church)

values:
navbox-image
6
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values:
/wiki/Mass_(Catholic_Church)
mw-redirect
Mass (Catholic Church)

values:
/wiki/Missa_Cantata
mw-redirect
Missa Cantata

values:
/wiki/Roman_Catholic_funeral
mw-redirect
Roman Catholic funeral

values: List of Catholic liturgical rites and particular churches

values:
navbox-abovebelow hlist
3
background-color:gold

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values:
navbox-image
11
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values: Order of precedence in the Catholic Church

values: List of saints canonized by Pope Francis

values: List of pastoral visits of Pope Francis outside Italy

values:
/wiki/Pope_Emeritus
mw-redirect
Pope Emeritus

values: Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church

values:
/wiki/Catholic_philosophy
mw-redirect
Catholic philosophy

values:
/wiki/Personalism_(Catholic)
mw-redirect
Personalism (Catholic)

values: List of Catholic philosophers and theologians

values:
/wiki/Baptism_(Catholic_Church)
mw-redirect
Baptism (Catholic Church)

values: Anointing of the Sick in the Catholic Church

values:
/wiki/Saint_(Catholic)
mw-redirect
Saint (Catholic)

values: Order of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary

values: Canons Regular of the Order of the Holy Cross

values: Congregation of Our Lady of Charity of the Good Shepherd

values: Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy

values: Directory of International Associations of the Faithful

values:
/wiki/International_Kolping_Society
mw-redirect
International Kolping Society

values: International Union of Catholic Esperantists

values:
/wiki/Particular_church
mw-redirect
Particular church

values: Greek Catholic Church of Croatia and Serbia

values:
/wiki/Catholic_liturgical_rites
mw-redirect
Catholic liturgical rites

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
/wiki/Name_of_the_Catholic_Church
mw-redirect
Name of the Catholic Church

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

values: Category:Sacraments of the Catholic Church

values: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values:
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firmung
Firmung – German
de
de
interlanguage-link-target

values: Կոնֆիրմացիա – Armenian

values: Конфирмация – Russian

values: உறுதிப் பூசுதல் (அருட்சாதனம்) – Tamil

values: Конфірмація – Ukrainian

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Confirmation_in_the_Catholic_Church rootpage-Confirmation_in_the_Catholic_Church skin-vector action-view


text:
Torvill and Dean
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean
Torvill and Dean on the Dancing on Ice tour in Manchester, 2011
Personal information
Country represented
United Kingdom
Born
Nottingham
Former coach
Betty Callaway
Janet Sawbridge
Retired
1984, 1994 (amateur), 1998 (professional)
Medal record[hide]
Figure skating: ice dancing
Representing Great Britain
Olympic Games
1984 Sarajevo Ice dancing
1994 Lillehammer Ice dancing
World Championships
1981 Hartford Ice dancing
1982 Copenhagen Ice dancing
1983 Helsinki Ice dancing
1984 Ottawa Ice dancing
European Championships
1981 Innsbruck Ice dancing
1982 Lyon Ice dancing
1984 Budapest Ice dancing
1994 Copenhagen Ice dancing
British Figure Skating Championships
1977 Nottingham Ice dancing
1978 Nottingham Ice dancing
1979 Nottingham Ice dancing
1980 Nottingham Ice dancing
1981 Nottingham Ice dancing
1982 Nottingham Ice dancing
1983 Nottingham Ice dancing
1994 Sheffield Ice dancing
Torvill and Dean (Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean) are British ice dancers and former British, European, Olympic and World champions. At the Sarajevo 1984 Winter Olympics the pair won gold and became the highest scoring figure skaters of all time (for a single programme) receiving twelve perfect 6.0s and six 5.9s which included artistic impression scores of 6.0 from every judge, after skating to Maurice Ravel's Boléro.[1][2] Their performance was watched by a British television audience of more than 24 million people.[2] The pair turned professional following the 1984 World Championships, regaining amateur status briefly ten years later in 1994 to compete in the Olympics once again. The pair retired from competitive skating for good in 1998 when they toured one last time with their own show, Ice Adventures, before rejoining Stars on Ice for one more season. Their final routine was performed to Paul Simon's "Still Crazy After All These Years", a routine they had devised a few years earlier for competition. Although remaining close friends, the pair did not skate together again until they were enticed out of retirement to take part in ITV's Dancing on Ice.
Both are from Nottingham, England, where the local National Ice Centre is accessed through a public area known as Bolero Square, in honour of the pair's Olympic achievements. There is also a housing estate in the Wollaton area of the city with a street named 'Torvill Drive' and another named 'Dean Close' which is located just off Torvill Drive, with many of the surrounding roads named after coaches and dances associated with the pair. In a UK poll conducted by Channel 4 in 2002, the British public voted Torvill and Dean's historic gold-medal-winning performance at the 1984 Winter Olympics as Number 8 in the list of the 100 Greatest Sporting Moments.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Careers
1.1 Partnership and the Olympics
1.2 Going professional
1.3 Return to the Olympics
1.4 Life after the Olympics
2 Style and approach
2.1 Use of narrative and thematic music
2.2 Complying with Olympic rules
3 Amateur competition results
4 Amateur competition dances
5 Professional competition results
6 Professional competition dances
7 The professional years 1984–1998
7.1 Song of India 1984
7.2 Encounter 1984
7.3 Heaven and Hell 1985 (Group Number)
7.4 Venus 1985
7.5 Jupiter 1985 (Group Number)
7.6 Diablo Tango 1985
7.7 Shepherd’s Song 1986
7.8 Fire and Ice 1986
7.9 Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers Medley 1987
7.10 Eleanor's Dream 1987
7.11 Paganini 1987
7.12 Missing 1987
7.13 Akhnaton 1987
7.14 Ragtime Poker 1987
7.15 Snow Maiden 1987
7.16 Echoes of Ireland 1989
7.17 Revolution / Imagine 1989
7.18 Arc of the Bell 1989
7.19 Oscar Tango 1990
7.20 Iceworks / Tilt 1991
7.21 Skater’s Waltz 1992 (Group Number)
7.22 Stormy Weather 1992
7.23 Low Commotion 1992
7.24 Drum Duet 1993
7.25 1994 to 1998
8 Dancing On Ice performances
9 Notes
10 External links
Careers[edit]
Partnership and the Olympics[edit]
Around 1975, Jayne Torvill was a former British Junior Pairs champion, and Christopher Dean and his partner had won a British Junior Ice Dance competition. Nottingham coach Janet Sawbridge put them together, and shortly afterwards, they started their ice dancing history. They took their first trophy in 1976. They changed coaches to Betty Callaway in 1979. After a 5th-place finish at their first Olympic Games, in Lake Placid in the 1980 Winter Olympics, and 4th place in the Worlds that year, they never took lower than first place in any competition they entered except the 1994 Winter Olympics.
Singer-actor Michael Crawford was the fourth member of the team, along with their trainer. He became a mentor to them around 1981, and went on to help them create their 1983 and 1984 Olympic routines, and "taught them how to act". Crawford said of them, "I found them to be delightful young people, the kind you want to help if you can." (The Times November 1982). He was present with their trainer at the ringside, when the team won their perfect Olympics score with their Boléro routine. (Source: Torvill and Dean's 1996 autobiography partially cited at[4])
(For further information and biographies, see the individual articles on Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean)
Going professional[edit]
Although Torvill and Dean had been able to leave their jobs as an insurance book clerk and policeman, respectively—thanks to grants from the City of Nottingham—they were not allowed to earn any money from skating as long as they wished to remain eligible for the Olympics. Turning professional in 1984, they took advantage not only of the financial but of the artistic possibilities of their new status. They worked with Australian dance choreographer Graeme Murphy at first, and they were able to create not only routines for themselves but entire ice shows with a thematic coherence, which toured Australia, the U.S., and Europe. Their projects included a filmed fairy tale "Fire and Ice." In general, Dean would imagine the sequence he wanted to perform, and Torvill would work with him to refine it technically. They choreographed, as a team, for other ice dancers and skaters, particularly the Canadian brother–sister team Isabelle and Paul Duchesnay, who skated for France at the Albertville 1992 Winter Olympics, taking the silver medal with their West Side Story routine.
Return to the Olympics[edit]
After ten years as professionals, Torvill and Dean decided to return to the amateur arena for the 1994 Olympics in Lillehammer, Norway (along with other great skaters of the 1980s, such as Brian Boitano and Katarina Witt, following a change in eligibility rules). The couple moved to Hamar, Norway, in 1993 in order to practise at the Hamar Olympic Amphitheatre which hosted the figure skating events. Their free dance was designed to re-establish some of the ideas about ice dance which they themselves had been instrumental in dismantling; "Let's Face The Music and Dance" had no swooning lovers, theatrical accessories, or strong ideological message; instead, the emphasis was upon pure, light-hearted dance in the Astaire and Rogers tradition. The routine did have one move, an assisted lift, which pushed the envelope of the rules, though they had danced the routine at the European Championships with no indication from the judges of any problems. According to their joint autobiography, Facing the Music, the lift was technically legal because the rule prohibited lifts "above the shoulders," and the lift they used was not above the shoulders. The judges placed Torvill and Dean third, giving the second to perennial silver medalists Usova and Zhulin, and the gold medal to Grishuk and Platov, who continued to win gold through the next four years.
Life after the Olympics[edit]
After the disappointing finish at Lillehammer, Torvill and Dean "retired from competitive skating" on 2 March 1994.[5] Instead, they continued with their planned and very successful "Face the Music" tour, to be followed by numerous other projects: Dean choreographed a suite of dances to the songs of Paul Simon for the English National Ballet, professional competitions, touring with Stars on Ice, and collaborating with cellist Yo-Yo Ma and director Patricia Rozema on the video Inspired by Bach: Six Gestures. In late 1998, they produced an ice show at Wembley Stadium in London, "Ice Adventures," which included a "flying" ice ballet and other wonders. In the meantime, they were still choreographing, notably for the dynamic French Ice Dance team, Anissina and Peizerat, who won first place in the World Championships in 2000.
In 1998, the pair officially retired, each continuing to coach and choreograph separately. Since 2006, they have acted as coaches, choreographers and performers in ITV's Dancing on Ice and its Australian version Torvill and Dean's Dancing on Ice. The ITV show returned for a fifth series in January 2010. After the 2007 and 2008 UK series of Dancing on Ice, Torvill and Dean took the show on the road for a British tour; a similar tour, the "25th Anniversary" (of their Sarajevo Olympic success) took place in 2009.
In 2014, Torvill and Dean returned to Sarajevo to dance the Bolero one more time, celebrating the 30 year anniversary of their Olympics performance.[6] Invited by the mayor of Sarajevo ahead of the Youth Olympic Games in 2017, the event helped raise funds for a permanent ice rink and reminded the world of their efforts to bring back the Olympics to Sarajevo.[7] 2015 saw Torvill and Dean make their pantomime début at the Manchester Opera House, performing in "Cinderella".[8]
Style and approach[edit]
Use of narrative and thematic music[edit]
Paraguay postage stamp of Torvill and Dean performing at the 1984 Winter Olympics
After winning the 1981 World Figure Skating Championships (which brought the distinction of MBEs), and with three more years before the Olympics, they began to plan routines which used a single piece of music and had some narrative or thematic element. At that time, Ice Dance "long" routines typically used several pieces of music, often with different rhythms to show off the command of different steps (thus their Free Dance in 1981 used "Fame", "Caravan", "Red Sails in the Sunset", and "Sing, Sing, Sing"); the Original Set Pattern dance used only one piece of music, but the entire routine had to be performed three times in sequence, exactly the same way. In 1982, they presented a long programme to the overture from the musical Mack and Mabel, which evoked the emotions of a sweet but stormy romance; at the World Championships in 1983, they enacted a visit to the circus with music from Barnum, a performance which brought them the honour of receiving the world's first perfect score,[9] with help from the stage show's star, Michael Crawford; in 1984, at the Olympics, they stunned the world with Boléro, and also with their dramatic Paso Doble (Capriccio Espagnol) short routine, in which Torvill was the bullfighter's cape. They had learned to choose and edit music carefully and design routines that were appealing both technically and imaginatively, and their completeness of presentation included thematically appropriate costumes.
In 1989, during the duo's visit to Australia, they recorded an album Here We Stand,[10] produced by Kevin Stanton with arrangements by Warwick Bone[11][12] and Derek Williams,[13][14] and recorded while Christopher Dean was laid up in Sydney, recuperating from a torn ligament.[15] Sales of the album were poor, and this may have been due to the fact that the album featured the dancers singing the material ghosted by backing vocalists, instead of the music they danced to, however it survives on iTunes.[16]
Complying with Olympic rules[edit]
Torvill and Dean's 1984 Olympic free dance was skated to Maurice Ravel's Boléro. Ravel's original Boléro composition is over 17 minutes long. Olympics rules state that the free dance must be four minutes long (plus or minus ten seconds). Torvill and Dean went to a music arranger to condense Boléro down to a "skateable" version. However, they were told that the minimum time that Boléro could be condensed down to was 4 minutes 28 seconds, 18 seconds in excess of the Olympics rules. Torvill and Dean reviewed the Olympic rule book and found that it stated that actual timing of a skating routine began when the skaters started skating. Therefore, they could use Boléro if they did not place their skates' blades to ice for the first 18 seconds. They timed the performance so that when Torvill first placed a blade on the ice, they would have the maximum skating time remaining.[17]
Amateur competition results[edit]
Event
1975–1976
1976–1977
1977–1978
1978–1979
1979–1980
1980–1981
1981–1982
1982–1983
1983–1984
1993–1994
Winter Olympic Games 5th 1st 3rd
World Championships 11th 8th 4th 1st 1st 1st 1st
European Championships 9th 6th 4th 1st 1st Withdrew 1st 1st
British Championships 4th 3rd 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st
NHK Trophy 2nd
St Ivel International 1st 1st
Oberstdorf 2nd 1st
St Gervais 1st
Morzine Trophy 2nd
John Davis Trophy 1st
Sheffield Trophy 1st
Rotary Watches Competition 2nd
Northern Championships 1st
Amateur competition dances[edit]
OSP
Free Dance
Exhibitions
1979 Slaughter on Tenth Avenue[18] Evergreen[19]
1980 Sing Sing Sing etc.[20]
1981 Fame etc.[21] History of Love (version 1)[22]
1982 Summertime[23] Mack and Mabel[24] The Hop, Kiss Me Kate, Fast Tap
1983 Rock n Roll Barnum[25] Putting on the Ritz
1984 Paso Doble Boléro[26] I Won’t Send Roses[27]
1994 History of Love (version 2)[28] Let’s Face the Music[29] Boléro[26]
Professional competition results[edit]
Event
1984
1985
1990
1994
1995
1996
World Professional Championships 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st
Challenge of Champions 1st 1st 1st
World Team Championship 3rd 1st 1st
Professional competition dances[edit]
1984
1985
1990
1994[30]
1995
1996
World Professional Championships Song of India,[31] Encounter Diablo Tango,[32] Venus[33] Oscar Tango,[34] Revolution/Imagine[35] Still Crazy After All These Years,[36] Cecilia Take Five,[37] Hat Trick[38]
Challenge of Champions Echoes of Ireland[39] Still Crazy After All These Years, Cecilia Take Five, Hat Trick
World Team Championships Let’s Face the Music, Encounter[40] Bridge Over Troubled Water,[41] Cecilia[42] Sarabande, Hat Trick
[43]
The professional years 1984–1998[edit]
Song of India 1984[edit]
Music: Rimsky-Korsakov
Known performance period 1984–1987
Versions available on video/DVD or internet: yes
Competition: World Professional Championships Washington 1984
Result: 1st (10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10.) Technical piece
Designed in Autumn 1984 for the World Professional Championships held in December 1984 (source Facing the Music: 1995:148).
The piece was choreographed jointly between Jayne and Chris together with Graeme Murphy, Artistic Director with the Sydney Dance Company at the time.[44] The costumes consisted of both Jayne and Chris wearing billowing orange/red trousers with brief top pieces adorned with India jewels. The piece consists of a tremendous amount of drawn-out lifts, twisting, intertwining, and even sitting and rolling on the ice to create a balletic piece which they describe at evoking Indian sculptures.[45]
The piece was first performed at the 1984 Royal Variety Show in London, before going on to win with straight 10s at the 1984 World Professional Championships. An extended Company version of the dance was devised for the 1985/1986 World Tour.[46] It is also known to have been performed again for the one-off televised production with the Russian All Stars at the Luzhniki rink in Moscow in 1987.[45]
The piece contains a unique move of immense technical balance, design, and strength, whereby Dean lifts Torvill feet-first, allowing her to take hold of his lower calf. He then lifts his one leg back with Torvill held horizontal across his body as he completes the lift gliding forward on one leg. The obvious difficulty and stunning symmetry of the lift made it quite a show stopper, and they can be seen to repeat the lift during the 1993 Skates of Gold Exhibition in Boston USA when they take to the ice with their peers from their amateur period: Marina Klimova & Sergei Ponomarenko, and Natalia Bestemianova and Andrei Bukin. Dean and Torvill showed that the years have done nothing to detract from their skill, strength and balance when they incorporated the same lift into a re-worked version of Bolero for the 2007 series of Dancing on Ice.[citation needed]
Encounter 1984[edit]
Music: “January Stars” written and performed by George Otis Winston
Known performance period 1984–1995
Versions available on video/DVD or internet: yes
Competition: World Professional Championships Washington 1984
Result: 1st (10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10.) Artistic piece
World Team Championship 1994
Result: 1st
Encounter runs at over six minutes and was for Torvill and Dean their most enduring professional performance, winning them the World Professional Championships in 1984 and known to be used as performance piece until 1987. They resurrected the piece in 1994 to win at the World Team Championships. It is last known to have been performed at Wembley for the Face the Music World Tour filmed in June 1995.
The theme of the piece involves two people who walk past each other in the street, notice each other, do a double take, and instantly fall in love. What follows is a brief encounter of two people very much in love but destined to be apart. The costumes were minimalist and unobtrusive, in keeping with the understatedness of the piece, consisting in the 1980s of a small sleek light grey-blue dress for Torvill cut like a mini-skirt and a silver-grey outfit for Dean. When Encounter was performed in the 1990s, Torvill wore a dress designed to look identical to the original, while Dean now wore shirt and trousers to match the colour of Torvill's outfit exactly.
Heaven and Hell 1985 (Group Number)[edit]
Music: derived from the Seven Deadly Sins Ballet
Known performance period: 1985–1986
Versions available on video/DVD or internet: none known
A ten-minute group number, with Torvill and Dean taking part in the Heaven section, dressing in cream-white outfits.
Venus 1985[edit]
Music: Gustav Holst (The Planet Suite)
Known performance period 1985–1986
Versions available on video/DVD or internet: yes
Competition: World Professional Championships Washington 1985
Result: 1st (10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10.)
This dance was devised as part of their first World Tour, and formed their number in the Planet Suite, with various members of the Company performing the other planet pieces and the whole company performing Jupiter.
The premise of Venus is that Jayne is the Goddess of Love looking after the world (source Facing the Music: 1995:167). The world is actually physically represented in the piece by large globe lit up inside and suspended by a wire (controlled by a boom operator) orbiting Torvill and Dean throughout the dance. The opening of the number was most unusual, consisting of an immensely tall Jayne skating on in a large voluminous cloak and sending the globe/sphere into orbit. Chris was in fact concealed within the cloak, lifting Jayne throughout the opening sequence, to then be revealed as the dance begins. The dance is extremely graceful, with many unusual lifts and intricate moves. The costumes were white, with Jayne wearing a white headscarf adorned with a gold coronet.
The dance was used as the artistic piece for the 1985 World Championships which they won for the second year in a row.
Jupiter 1985 (Group Number)[edit]
Music: Holst (The Planet Suite)
Known performance period: 1985–1986
Versions available on video/DVD or internet: none known
The spectacular finale piece for Torvill and Dean’s first World Tour involving Torvill and Dean spinning like heavenly bodies with half a dozen fliers around them in orbit on wires. At the end, all the lights would go off except for ultraviolet, leaving them apparently spinning in space (source Facing the Music: 1995:167).
Diablo Tango 1985[edit]
Music: ‘Valentino Tango’ Janko Nilovic
Known performance period 1985–1987
Versions available on video/DVD or internet: yes
Competition: World Professional Championships Washington 1985
Result: 1st (10, 10, 10, 10, 9.9, 9,9, 10.) Technical piece
Another dance devised as part of their first World Tour, and also used to win as the technical piece in the 1985 World Professional Championships.
This dance was Torvill and Dean’s first real venture into humour. Later notable comic dances would be Hatrick, Low Commotion, and Trunk Tango, but this remains arguably the most slapstick. Dean’s costume is Spanish in appearance, reflecting the Spanish music, consisting of an open-neck white shirt with a loose black tie, black trousers, and a large purple sash around his waist. Jayne is in a black 1920s' outfit, complete with arm-length gloves and basin hat.
Shepherd’s Song 1986[edit]
Music: Baylero – A Shepherd’s Song from Songs of the Auvergne
Composer: Joseph Canteloube; Sung by Kiri Te Kanawa
Known performance period: 1986
Versions available on video/DVD or internet: yes
This dance was designed specifically for the 1986 Sports Aid Gala, the proceeds of which went to causes in need in Africa. It is not clear whether it was ever performed again thereafter, but the photo caption on page 76 of Fire on Ice (Wilson:1994) suggests that it was then incorporated into the World Tour, at least for its next visit to Wembley.
The lyrics are in fact those of a very simple old folk song depicting a Shepherd and Shepherdess calling to each other across mountain pastures. The booklet with the CD "A La Francaise" gives the following translation of the song:
“Shepherd, across the water, you are scarcely having a good time,
Sing bailero, lero, lero.
Scarcely, and you?
Sing bailero, lero.
Shepherd, how do I get over there, there’s a big stream, sing bailero, lero.
Wait, I’ll came and get you,
Bailero, lero, lero.”
The dance begins and ends most unusually with the dancers lying entwined together asleep on the ice. The opening depicting daybreak and the end nightfall. In the reverse of Bolero, it is Dean who steps onto the ice first and brings Jayne to her feet. The dance is highly balletic, with operatic movements incorporated. At one point in the dance Torvill and Dean encircle each other catching hold of each other's ice skate in constant succession creating a very beautiful, intricate and highly technical fluid movement. The costumes are very simple, with Torvill in white and Dean in a loose fitting armless shirt piece and brown trousers with white leg ties.
Fire and Ice 1986[edit]
Music: Carl Davis
Written by: Tom Gutteridge
Directed by: Tom Gutteridge
Produced by: Nick Elliot
Produced and Filmed for LWT: 1986
Versions available on video/DVD or internet: Available on the Dancing on Ice 2006 DVD
Torvill and Dean devised Fire and Ice in Australia with Graeme Murphy, sold it to LWT (London Weekend Television – part of ITV). It was written by Tom Gutteridge and Carl Davis and rehearsed and filmed in Germany ready for its UK television premier in Christmas 1986.[47]
Fire and Ice is a full length company piece creating narrative ballet on ice. Set between the Planet of Fire and the Planet of Ice, it tells of a love story between a Prince of Fire and a Princess of Ice. It is a full set piece with visual designs and effects depicting different locations on the two planets and telling the story. The piece opens with Dean performing actually ballet within the catacombs of the Plant of Fire, while seeing Torvill in the blue flames of their altar. Upon diving in, he finds himself upon her planet. He meets her and, after taking some time to adapt to her planet, they fall in love. She gets called away to a Royal Ceremony but she rejoins him later. The following morning they are discovered and a violent attack is carried out on the Fire Prince by her own people. She pleads with her father to have mercy on him but he banishes her from his sight and the Fire Prince is left trapped in a prison of ice. Later the Ice Princess sneaks back to him and melts the ice with all her strength, leaving her close to death. The Fire Prince revives her and they are together once more. Meanwhile, the Prince’s own people have witnessed his fate in the flames and have arrived on the Planet of Ice. A war breaks out which ends in the death of both the Prince’s and Princess’s fathers. Devastated and alone, they find each other once more and grieve. As time heals their wounds and their love endures, a distant archway appears towering over the icy mountains. We watch them make their journey towards the arch and finally enter and make their break for freedom and a new life together.
Released all over the world on video and DVD, the production is unique in Torvill and Dean’s repertoire – their feature film. The piece contains many dances between the two of them, some of them comic (including one where Dean is actually wearing ordinary shoes on the ice as he is learning to adapt), some of them romantic and passionate, and some of them highly dramatic, including dancing separately with the company dancers representing the people from their respective planets. For the most part, Dean wears a costume almost identical in design to his Song of India costume, only this time, rather than being red and orange, this one is red and burgundy, representing his fiery origins. Torvill wears an Ice Queen costume complete with crown, silver hair, and silver blue dress cut like icicles at the bottom.
Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers Medley 1987[edit]
Music: Irving Berlin: "Steppin' Out" / "Change Partners" and "Dance with Me" / "Cheek to Cheek" / "Puttin' On the Ritz" / "Top Hat"
Known performance period: 1987–1990
Versions available on video/DVD or internet: yes
This medley of Irving Berlin numbers danced in tribute to Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers was devised for the brief tour Torvill and Dean did with the Ice Capades in 1987,[48] but continued as the final number throughout their long Russian All Stars Tour into 1990. For costumes Chris wore full white tie, waistcoat, and tails, while Jayne wore a flowing near full-length blue dress complete with blue feather boa. Although neatly choreographed with spectacular music and lighting effects, it was arguably not as evocative of Fred and Ginger or as technically accomplished as the amazing "Puttin' On the Ritz" routines that they performed at the Skate Canada Amateur exhibition in 1982. One impressive component however was the incorporation of tap steps on ice during the middle of the routine. During the All Stars Tour (and possibly the Ice Capades as well) they kept to a similar theme for the final bow, skating on with the company to I Got Rhythm.
Eleanor's Dream 1987[edit]
Music: Eleanor Rigby – Paul McCartney
Performance period 1987
Versions available on video/DVD or internet: None known
Little is known about this piece and it has never been released commercially and possibly never recorded. It was created as one of their pieces for the 1987 Ice Capades Tour. In their autobiography, Dean states that he passed on the dance for Isabelle and Paul Duchesnay to perform in 1988, and that the dance was about the relationship between a boy and a girl, with the boy breaking in upon the woman’s dreams[49]
Excerpt taken from: Torvill and Dean: Romancing the Ice – Ice Cycles 1988
Both Dean and Torvill seem eager for responses to their new routines in the show and gratified with the verdict that everything is just great, with special accolades going to "Eleanor Rigby". It was their newest routine and it's a very interesting version of the song, undertaken with Paul McCartney, having little relation to the earlier Beatles recording. The version used was from the soundtrack of McCartney's film Give My Regards to Broad Street. Dean and Torvill hated the movie but really liked that version of the song.
"It's sort of our version of a dream sequence," says Dean, referring to their routine.
"And I'm Eleanor," Torvill says simply.
Torvill is the fragile title character, clad in muted white with pastel tones across the costume. He is a kind of dream lover to her, dressed in mostly black; he is both exciting and dangerous. She fears him, but she wants him too, and eventually her desire overcomes her fear. That is ultimately her undoing, as he twirls her round and round his body and she can do nothing but be manoeuvred at this will. It ends with her in a crucifix form across his back as he carries her off into the fog. She was right to fear him after all...
Paganini 1987[edit]
Music: Nicolò Paganini
Known performance period 1987
Versions available on video/DVD or internet: yes
Paganini is a full Company Ballet choreographed by Tatiana Tarasova, with Torvill and Dean, together with lead dancer Yuri Ovchinikov as the leads. The performance consists of many highly balletic dances between Torvill and Dean and a few solo performances with the other company members present on the ice. The piece does evoke traditional Russian ballet and both Torvill and Dean perform extremely well throughout with many beautiful and unique moves. The costumes are simple – Chris in a flamboyant white shirt piece and Jayne all in white, very similar to, if not the same as, as her costume in Shepherd’s Song. Originally filmed and performed for the one-off televised production with the Russian All Stars at the Luzhniki rink in Moscow in 1987, it is not clear whether it became a permanent part of the Russian All Stars Tour, but it seems likely that it was performed in at least the first five months of the Tour. It is not clear whether another company performance they were working on under Chris’s choreography at the time, La Ronde, was ever completed or performed. It would appear that it was probably disbanded and replaced with Akhnaton.
Excerpt taken from Torvill and Dean’s autobiography:[50]
Tatiana wanted to do a story of Paganini, portraying two sides to his character. Niccolo Paganini was many things: the greatest violin virtuoso of the last century, a composer, the megastar of his day, and romantic adventurer devoured by melancholy. He had seemed to Tatiana to be a perfect hero for Russian – a soul in conflict with himself. Yuri Ovchinikov would be dancing Paganini’s crazy persona, Chris dancing the creative one, with Jayne as the great man’s muse. Neither of us took to the number, but restrained ourselves for the sake of a peaceful life.
Missing 1987[edit]
Music: Dolencias – Incantation
Known performance period 1987–1994
Versions available on video/DVD or internet: yes
Performed to South American music, this routine was always very dimly lit for performance, giving the impression of two people on the run, traveling at night and contending with the elements. Chris wears grey-brown trousers and shirt, with Jayne in a simple one-colour burnt red dress. The symmetry in this dance is stunning, particularly the spinning moves created specifically to demonstrate the despair of the dancers/characters. They performed this throughout the Russian All Stars Tour and at various exhibitions including the 1990 Sports Aid Gala and recreated it in 1994 for the American Artistry on Ice documentary.
Excerpt taken from Torvill and Dean’s autobiography (Facing the Music: 1995:201):
One thing that required our attention was Chris’s response to some Andean music, which reminded him of the terrible things – particularly the officially sanctioned kidnappings – that had been happening in Chile and Argentina in recent years. The subject was very much in the air after the Falklands War, and more recently the Costa Gavras movie, Missing. Chris saw in his mind those who had vanished, the fathers, mothers, husbands, wives, lovers, friends and children, and devised a series of movements linking two people who could be seen as friends or brother and sister, confronting authority, cowering before it, searching for lost loved ones, and ending where they started, in limbo.
Akhnaton 1987[edit]
Music: Akhnaten – Philip Glass
Known performance period 1987–1989
Versions available on video/DVD or internet: Yes (YouTube)
Akhnaton is another company performance devised for the Russian All Stars Tour that was never commercially released on film, and no known copies exist. The costumes were of traditional Egyptian royalty design. The piece received good reviews including repeated praise in the New York Times, and they refer to the piece regularly in their autobiography.
Excerpt taken from Torvill and Dean’s autobiography:[51]
Chris had been interested for a while in ancient Middle Eastern history, and on a trip to London immersed himself in the Egyptian room of the British Museum. He liked the feel of the mythology, Isis and Osiris, Pharaoh as god, the idea of dying as rebirth into the real world, the richness of the funerary ornamentation, all that gold lapis lazuli, the stylised poses in the paintings, the hieroglyphics, and in particular the love story of Akhnaton and his queen Nefertiti. Then by chance we came across the CD of a new opera by Philip Glass, called, of all things Akhnaton. This is not exactly top ten material – minimalist style, vastly long phrases of repeated notes, but in mood just what Chris was looking for. All we needed was to reduce a three-hour epic to 30 minutes. To do that demanded total immersion in the story and imagery. It was an odd thing to do, which involved some long negotiations on our behalf with Philip Glass himself.
The dance opened with a strong image to seize and hold the audience. A huge pyramid of silk, 25-foot square at its base, was being admired by modern tourists. Suddenly, a line attached to the top whipped the pyramid up and away, revealing the world of ordinary Egyptians in the 14th century BC, all in skirts and sandal-like skates. Chris as the Pharaoh made his entry carried on a throne, which led into a love sequence with Jayne as Nefertiti, then a rebellion by the people and a royal death, leaving Jayne/Nefertiti in mourning.
Ragtime Poker 1987[edit]
Music:
Known performance period 1987–1990
Versions available on video/DVD or internet: yes
Widely available on the Russian All Stars video realised in 1990, the group number involved the whole company dressed up as a pack of cards – representing different suits, numbers, and court characters. It is a very lighthearted piece with little substance and was clearly provided as accessible comic relief from the other more demanding group pieces. Jayne and Chris come on at the end with the spades. Each dancer carries a large representing card, Jayne’s is the Queen of Spades and Chris’s is the King. Jayne skates mainly with the female skaters in a group with Chris joining them, defending them from the comic advances of the Joker in the pack. Chris wears black trousers, white shirt and waistcoat, with a sparkly red bowtie and jacket with gold lapels. Jayne has a very short flashy red dress with a spade in the middle.
Snow Maiden 1987[edit]
Music: The Procession of the Tsar Berendy – Rimski-Koraskov
Known performance period 1987–1990
Versions available on video/DVD or internet: yes
Presumably designed at the beginning of the All Stars Tour, though possibly not until later in the run, this is something of a forgotten masterpiece, even though it has always been available on the Russian All Stars video. Both are dressed in shiny white outfits with blue and mauve embroidery. The ice is lit a wintry blue and the movements take full advantage of the images of Husky-drawn sleighs, winter pageants, and snow-covered landscapes that the music evokes so successfully. The dance is immensely fast and yet graceful at the same time. It actually begins in a static lift already posed as the lights go up, and it contains many large lifts from then on. Jayne leaps effortlessly onto Chris’s shoulders on a number of occasions and, in one move, even leaps all the way round him, going above his head, with seemingly very little assistance (they later incorporated this move into Mack and Mabel for their Face the Music Tour in the mid '90s). It contains many symmetrical dance steps and large sweeping arm gestures, with a succession of impressive lifts and a series of symmetrical jumps and leaps carried out in perfect unison with each other, giving the impression of animals running through the forest. Unique to this dance is a series of two symmetrical steps where they literally leap high into the air together but leaning forward with their inside leg bent as they plunge back to the ground, putting their outside leg straight out behind them. The move actually makes them look like two stags leaping and bounding and thrusting their antlers forward. The piece ends with Jayne throwing herself onto Chris, who bends with Jayne balanced on his knees and allows himself to fall flat on to his back, ending with Jayne suspended in the air held up by Chris, forming a dramatic and very beautiful final tableau as Chris continues to glide across the ice on his back. Hi grace
Echoes of Ireland 1989[edit]
Music:
Known performance period 1989–1992
Versions available on video/DVD or internet: yes
Competition: Challenge of the Champions Innsbruck Austria 1990
Result: 1st (10,10,10,10,10,10,10 – Artistic) (10,10,10,9.9,10,10,9.9 – Technical)
Devised initially as one of the new extra pieces for the second leg of the Russian All Stars Tour, this piece went on to be performed for competition to win the World Professional Championships in 1990, and they were still performing a section of it by their 1992 Ukrainian Tour. In the 1992 “Simply the Best” documentary, Chris states “in Echoes of Ireland we visited the country to get an idea of the people and their music before we choreographed this piece for the ice”. The finished piece is actually an ensemble of three quite separate routines, which they later performed in different orders or simply on their own. The first is a tradition lighthearted Irish jig with some very clever footwork. The second is a more sombre dance done to older tradition Irish Folk music. The third piece is a more modern piece, a very beautiful new age number done to a song sung by an Irish female artist. This final dance includes an unusual lift where Jayne jumps up and sits high upon one of Chris’s shoulders facing the opposite way from him. The costumes consist of brown trousers, cream shirt, yellow neckerchief, and green-check waistcoat for Chris, and an off-orange dress with embroidered collar and sleeves and white apron for Jayne.
Revolution / Imagine 1989[edit]
Music: Revolution – The Beatles / Imagine – John Lennon
Known performance period 1989–1990
Versions available on video/DVD or internet: yes
Competition: World Professional Championships
Result: 1st (10,9.9,10,9.9,10,10,10)
Performed during the latter half of the All Stars Tour and also used to win the 1990 World Professional Championships, this piece is very different from any other they performed. It was highly technical, physically demanding with a lot of high and drawn-out lifts, and visually very impressive. True to the style of the music, Revolution is extremely fast-paced and performed with an aggression that neither had displayed before. The movements express violence, dissent, anguish, and entrapment. The costumes were very sophisticated in style: Chris wore back trousers, white open-necked shirt, and a smart black and purple waistcoat, while Jayne wore black trousers and a voluminous white silk blouse. What was particularly unusual about Jayne’s costume was that she actually wore black skates to blend right in with her trousers. While Chris always wore skates the dominant colour of his costume, even when in trousers Jayne rarely did, consistently skating in white skates in nearly all routines.
Excerpt taken from Torvill and Dean’s autobiography (Facing the Music: 1995:227–228):
Revolution was most ambitious. Its inspiration was a Montréal dance group we had seen in Sydney with the odd name of La La La Human Steps, whose rapid, machine-gun, staccato movements were unlike anything we had seen before. Chris thought the technique might be adapted for the ice, if we replaced the dancers’ lifts and throws with quick-fire upper-body movements. It was long, fast and very testing, not only of our abilities as dancers, but also as actors, in particular Jayne, who had to go completely against character, with vicious movements and displays of anger. That was new, not only for her: nobody to our knowledge had done anything like this on ice before.
In the 1991 Blade Runners documentary Jayne says:
“I didn’t like Revolution at first because I’m not an aggressive person, so it was good that he pushed it because it brought out another side of me – another character that I could portray”. Chris then goes on to explain the theme of the piece, and explains how it leads into imagine and why the perform the two pieces together: “the idea is of it’s a young couple that have been married for a few years and it’s not that fairytale life of happiness. Which happens to a lot of people – that something goes wrong and tension builds and anger grows within that. And I wanted to put that onto the ice – this raw aggression – and overstate it – so that, for people sitting right the way back, it becomes literal though body. But it follows on in a sort of resolve – not necessarily a happy ending – it then goes into Imagine. Maybe there is something else, maybe there is a compromise or at least an understanding of their situation. They may not get back together or it may not be resolved but they’ve analysed that they have a problem and maybe there is something to work towards and achieve a happier solution”.
Arc of the Bell 1989[edit]
Music: Arvo Part Known performance period 1989–1990 Versions available on video/DVD or internet: none known
Little is known of this piece other than it is a modern piece by composer Arvo Part (source: Facing the Music: 1995:227). It has never been commercially available and no footage has come to light on the internet.[citation needed] It was the third routine designed in 1989 for the second leg of the Russian All Stars Tour.
Oscar Tango 1990[edit]
Music: Simon Jeffes & Piers Harry
Known performance period: 1990–1992
Versions available on video/DVD or internet: yes
Competition: World Professional Championships
Result: 1st
When Torvill and Dean decided to compete professionally again in 1990, they used three pieces already designed for both the Ice Capades and the Russian All Stars, but Oscar Tango was the one new piece specifically designed as the technical routine for the World Professional Championships, which they went on to win. The piece is entirely unique in that the first minute and a half is skated in total silence, with the music only beginning after this time. In that time Jayne and Chris stamp out a series of extremely precise, sharp, and fast tango steps entirely separately from each other, but in complete unison and perfect split-second timing. In the “Story So Far...” video released in 1996, Chris explains that “the movements in the silence represent the typical tango, but as the music begins we wanted to express the inner feelings of these two dancers”. However, it could also be interpreted that they are dancing with other partners during the silence (both hold a stance as if miming holding an invisible partner) for whom they feel no connection, only to lose all rigidity when they find each other, instead experiencing total connection, fluidity of movement, and emotion through dancing with each other. The costumes were a patterned blend of sky, royal, and navy blues starting light at the top and getting gradually darker. A lot of new moves were created for this piece, many of which they would call upon again throughout the routines they devised from 1994–1998. This included a whole series of moves that were lifted direct from Oscar Tango and placed within the Olympic version of ‘Lets Face the Music’, moves that were to be repeated in ‘In My Life’, and a highly strenuous move whereby Chris lifts Jayne upside down and she puts her legs vertically in the air high above his head before swinging them back down to lie vertically across Chris balancing on his bent knees. This move was used again in ‘In Trutina’ during their 1995–96 World Tour and again for ‘Bridge Over Troubled Water’ also devised in 1995. They created the move once more in 2006, this time incorporating it into their shortened and redesigned version of Bolero.
Iceworks / Tilt 1991[edit]
Music: Andy Sheppard
Known performance period: 1991
Versions available on video/DVD or internet: yes
In 1990, the BBC programme Omnibus approached Torvill and Dean to do a programme on their choreography. The documentary focused on how their choreography had advanced during their professional years, away from the rigid rules of amateur competition, focusing on the comic performance of Hat Trick, the political expression of Missing, the technical accomplishment of Oscar Tango, and the stylistic performance of Revolution / Imagine. The documentary also scored a first by persuading Chris and Jayne to produce an entirely new dance especially for it. The piece was named Iceworks for the documentary but later named Tilt when performed at events. As a televisual piece Iceworks was able to have dry ice effects, an artistic backdrop, and highly evocative lighting effects. The up-and-coming Jazz composer Andy Sheppard was asked to compose an entirely new piece of music specifically for the routine, and Chris worked closely with him on the composition process. The music was derived initially by blending saxophone with the sound of Chris and Jayne’s blades gliding across the ice; thereafter a beat kicks in together with a slightly ethereal simple tune. The costumes consisted of matching (though not identical) all-in-one tight-fitting pieces consisting of a mix of pastel colours: yellow, pink, mauve, and blue.
Designing this dance was fraught with difficulty for both Chris and Jayne:
“I couldn’t relate to the stark, modern music that had been commissioned by the Omnibus people. To be frank, I couldn’t understand Chris’s ideas for the music, couldn’t understand what he was trying to get me to do” (source: Facing the Music: 1995:227–228). They were working to a tight deadline for the programme but in the end the pressure became too much and the programme was delayed with the BBC’s agreement. Jayne took a two-week break with her just-married husband Phil Christensen before returning to start work with Chris on Oscar Tango. Iceworks was later completed for transmission as part of Omnibus in 1991, and achieved the highest viewing figures ever for the programme.
Skater’s Waltz 1992 (Group Number)[edit]
Music: Waldteufel
Known performance period: 1992
Versions available on video/DVD or internet: none known
This was the opening number of the 1992 Best of Torvill and Dean Tour that they performed with a Ukrainian ice dancing company. Only a small clip of it is known to be available on the internet, so not an awful lot is known about the dance except that it is a group number with Torvill and Dean performing with the whole company. Their costumes in this piece are possibly their most unusual of any of their performances. Jayne wears a white fur hat and a blue velvet dress with white fur finish and ornate and decorative gold ties and buttons pattern in the middle. Chris similarly wears a blue velvet top piece with the same gold effect, white trousers with a single blue stripe on each leg, and a velvet blue jacket with fur finish slung over his shoulder throughout the routine. The final section of this show had a weather theme, and the final bow call was done to Over the Rainbow which has the whole company skate on, with Torvill and Dean arriving last to take their bow last with the whole company.
Stormy Weather 1992[edit]
Music: Harold Arien and Ted Koechier
Known Performance Period: 1992
Versions available on video/DVD or internet: yes
A love-on-the-rocks number, with similarities in theme to Revolution, but this piece is more suggestive of heartbreak and rejection, possibly that of a couple going through divorce or the discovery of an affair or some other deception. Chris wears the same pale grey-blue outfit that he wears for the later performances of Encounter, while Jayne wears a stunning silky grey-silver dress that swirls out at the bottom and genuinely does conjure an image of storm clouds. It is a very fluid piece with a lot of swinging motions.
Low Commotion 1992[edit]
Music: Ry Cooder
Known Performance Period: 1992
Versions available on video/DVD or internet: yes
Another unique piece where Chris and Jayne really experiment with a new type of music and a very different type of footwork. The routine is very fast and demanding, including a section where they skate backwards away from each other and back in a series of three, each time bringing their inside blades within inches of each other, relying on absolutely perfect judgement. Many of Torvill and Dean’s routines involve the display of one particular move three times in a row and this routine plays a joke on this concept when Chris flips Jayne over 360 twice in a row, with Jayne flipping Chris the third time and then flexing her muscles at the audience. They perform the routine in Texas-style barn dance costumes, both in straw hat and blue denim dungarees, Jayne with a red and white check lumberjack shirt, pigtails, and freckles, and Chris wearing a neckerchief. In the 1992 Simply the Best documentary Jayne explains that the characters are based loosely on those in The Tales of Tom Sawyer. The dance is extremely fast, but then when the music peters out at the end, the dancers seem to lose interest or even remember what they were doing and they just stroll off the ice. There was a company piece called Hoedown which either preceded or followed this routine, but it is not clear whether or not Torvill and Dean were actually in the group number.
Drum Duet 1993[edit]
Music: Genesis
Known Performance Period: 1993
Versions available on video/DVD or internet: yes
This was the last new routine that they choreographed before they began work on their Olympic routines. The costumes are extremely colourful and deliberately clashing. Torvill wears pink leggings, red shirt, and orange waistcoat, and Dean wears blue trousers, purple, pink, and blue shirt, and garish blue waistcoat. The music is a series of drumbeats/percussion to which they skate in a long series of intricate steps at speed across the ice. This includes a lot of fast backwards sections, separate jumps, twists, and turns in complete unison. The piece was designed for their stint as guest artists on the Tom Collins Tour of World Figure Skating Champions.
1994 to 1998[edit]
In Trutina 1994
Paperback Writer 1994
In My Life 1994
Lucy in the Sky 1994
Cecilia 1995
Bridge Over Troubled Water 1995
Still Crazy 1995 (performed again in 1998 as their final dance before retiring)
Six Gestures 1996
Take Five 1996
Mumbo Jumbo 1997
Red Hat 1997
Winter Express 1997
Exotic Fish 1997
Jazz Fish 1997
Flying Fish 1997
The Hockey Event 1997
Only He Will Do 1997
New Year's Eve Final 1997
Still Crazy 1998
Dancing On Ice performances[edit]
Torvill and Dean have performed several times during each TV series.
Series One (2006)
"Let's Face the Music and Dance"
Mack and Mabel & Barnum tributes
"Viva Las Vegas"
"Let Me Entertain You"
"Foot Loose"
"Angels"
"Sing, Sing, Sing (With a Swing)"
Boléro
Series Two (2007)
"A Kind of Magic"
"Imagine"
"Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend"
"I Like The Way (You Move)"
"These Boots Are Made For Walkin'"
"Shine"
"Puttin' On the Ritz"
"Moondance"
"Over the Rainbow"
Boléro Unplugged
"Gold"
Series Three (2008)
"Get the Party Started" (Shirley Bassey version)
"Feelin' Good" (Michael Bublé version)
"World of our Own"
"One" (Jayne with ensemble)
"Fields of Gold"
Sixties-themed Group Number
"Valerie"
"Sway" (The Pussycat Dolls version)
"Footprints in the Sand"
Boléro revisited (with Julian Lloyd Webber)
"The Best Is Yet to Come"
Series Four (2009)
"Swing with Me"
"From A Distance" (with Bette Midler)
"Wake Me Up Before You Go-Go" (Group Number)
"Let It Go" (with Will Young)
"It's Raining Men" (Group Number)
"Save the Last Dance for Me" (Michael Bublé version)
"Untouchable" (with Girls Aloud)
Boléro
Series Five (2010)
Love Never Dies (with Katherine Jenkins)
"Use Somebody" (with Pixie Lott)
"Your Song" (with Ellie Goulding)
"Haven't Met You Yet"
Boléro
Series Six (2011)
"Let's Get It Started"
"Copacabana" (pros number)
"Yellow" (with sand artist David Myriam)
Argentine tango to "Dance With Me"
"Why Do Fools Fall in Love" (The Overtones version)
"What The World Needs Now Is Love" (sung by Rumer)
Boléro (with David Garrett)
Series Seven (2012)
"The Edge of Glory"
"Jar of Hearts" (with Christina Perri)
Boléro
Series Eight (2013)
"Better Together"
"Accentuate the Positive" (with Jools Holland's Rhythm Blues and Blues Orchestra and Rumer)
"Never Tear Us Apart" (INXS version)
Boléro
Series Nine (2014)
"In My Life" (with Rebecca Ferguson)
"The Power of Love"
"Let's Face the Music and Dance"
Boléro
Series Ten (2018)
"The Impossible Dream (The Quest)"
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ "1984: Torvill and Dean's perfection". BBC. 15 March 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "1984: British ice couple score Olympic gold". BBC On the Day, 14 February 1984. 14 February 1984. Retrieved 25 May 2010.
Jump up ^ 100 GREATEST SPORTING MOMENTS – RESULTS Channel 4
Jump up ^ "Anecdotes". Members.nuvox.net. Retrieved 17 October 2011.
Jump up ^ "Frustration forces Torvill and Dean to retire: Ice dancers will not compete in world championships". Bangor Daily News. Maine, United States. Associated Press. 3 March 1994. p. 11. Retrieved 26 December 2014.
Jump up ^ Furness, Hannah. "Torvill and Dean return to Sarajevo ice for emotional Bolero performance". The Telegraph. The Telegraph. Retrieved 22 April 2015.
Jump up ^ Gaylen, McGee. "Return the Olympics to Sarajevo". Retrieved 1 November 2013.
Jump up ^ "Cinderella starring Torvill and Dean". Retrieved 29 November 2015.
Jump up ^ YouTube – Torvill and Dean Barnum Archived 26 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ (1989). Here We Stand. Discogs
Jump up ^ (1989). Warwick Bone. Discogs
Jump up ^ Warwick Bone. www.move.com.au
Jump up ^ (1989). Derek Williams. Discogs
Jump up ^ Derek Williams
Jump up ^ (June 1989). Torvill & Dean History (1989). Official site. (Sydney, Australia)
Jump up ^ Here We Stand. iTunes
Jump up ^ Slater, Nicky (5 February 2009). "Torvill & Dean: What really went on when the skates came off". Daily Mail. London.
Jump up ^ "Torvill & Dean (GBR) – 1979 World Figure Skating Championships, Ice Dancing, Free Dance". YouTube. 21 April 2010. Retrieved 17 October 2011.
Jump up ^ "Torvill & Dean Evergreen". YouTube. 5 January 2010. Retrieved 17 October 2011.
Jump up ^ "Torvill & Dean (GBR) – 1980 Winter Games, Ice Dancing, Free Dance". YouTube. 20 December 2009. Retrieved 17 October 2011.
Jump up ^ "Torvill & Dean (GBR) – 1981 World Figure Skating Championships, Free Dance". YouTube. 24 April 2010. Retrieved 17 October 2011.
Jump up ^ "1981 History Of Love Torvill and Dean". YouTube. 21 June 2009. Retrieved 17 October 2011.
Jump up ^ "Torvill & Dean – 1982". Torvillanddean.com. Retrieved 17 October 2011.
Jump up ^ "Torvill & Dean – 1983 Part 1". Torvillanddean.com. Retrieved 17 October 2011.
Jump up ^ "Torvill & Dean – 1983 Part 2". Torvillanddean.com. Retrieved 17 October 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Torvill & Dean – 1984 Part 2". Torvillanddean.com. Retrieved 17 October 2011.
Jump up ^ "Torvill & Dean (GBR) – 1984 Sarajevo, Figure Skating, Exhibition (Encore)". YouTube. 4 January 2010. Retrieved 17 October 2011.
Jump up ^ "Torvill & Dean – 1994 Part 1". Torvillanddean.com. Retrieved 17 October 2011.
Jump up ^ "Torvill & Dean – 1994 Part 2". Torvillanddean.com. Retrieved 17 October 2011.
Jump up ^ "Torvill & Dean – Timeline". Torvillanddean.com. Retrieved 17 October 2011.
Jump up ^ "Torvill & Dean (GBR) – 1984 World Pros, Ice Dancing, Technical Dance". YouTube. 9 January 2010. Retrieved 17 October 2011.
Jump up ^ "Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean Worlds Pro 1985". YouTube. 16 April 2011. Retrieved 17 October 2011.
Jump up ^ "Torvill and Dean Venus". YouTube. Retrieved 17 October 2011.
Jump up ^ "Torvill & Dean (GBR) – 1990 World Professionals, Ice Dancing, Technical Dance". YouTube. 14 June 2010. Retrieved 17 October 2011.
Jump up ^ "Torvill & Dean – Revolution/Imagine (1990 WPC)". YouTube. 6 August 2010. Retrieved 17 October 2011.
Jump up ^ "Torvill & Dean – Still Crazy (1995 WPC)". YouTube. Retrieved 17 October 2011.
Jump up ^ "Torvill&Dean "Take Five" 1996". YouTube. 21 April 2008. Retrieved 17 October 2011.
Jump up ^ "Torvill and Dean Hat Trick 1996 WTC". YouTube. Retrieved 17 October 2011.
Jump up ^ "Torvill & Dean (GBR) – 1990 World Challenge of Champions, Ice Dancing Event". YouTube. 14 June 2010. Retrieved 17 October 2011.
Jump up ^ "Torvill & Dean 1994 Team Championships Encounter". YouTube. 7 September 2007. Retrieved 17 October 2011.
Jump up ^ "Torvill & Dean – Bridge Over Troubled Water". YouTube. 9 July 2009. Retrieved 17 October 2011.
Jump up ^ "Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean – Cecilia". YouTube. 27 July 2006. Retrieved 17 October 2011.
Jump up ^ http://www.goldenskate.com/figure-skating-results/
Jump up ^ (source Facing the Music: 1995:139)
^ Jump up to: a b (source Facing the Music: 1995:149)
Jump up ^ (source Facing the Music: 1995:158)
Jump up ^ (source Facing the Music: 1995:179)
Jump up ^ (source Facing the Music: 1995:191)
Jump up ^ (source Facing the Music: 1995:235).
Jump up ^ (Facing the Music: 1995:199)
Jump up ^ (Facing the Music: 1995:202)
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Torvill and Dean.
Torvill & Dean Official Site
TandDTalk – A Torvill and Dean Forum
Unreality TV – News of Torvill and Dean on ITVs Dancing On Ice
Video Footage: Barnum – Torvill and Dean – 1983 World Championships
Video Footage: Bolero – Torvill and Dean – 1984 Olympics
TV performance of Bolero 2008
[hide]
v
t
e
BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award
1954 Christopher Chataway
1955 Gordon Pirie
1956 Jim Laker
1957 Dai Rees
1958 Ian Black
1959 John Surtees
1960 David Broome
1961 Stirling Moss
1962 Anita Lonsbrough
1963 Dorothy Hyman
1964 Mary Rand
1965 Tom Simpson
1966 Bobby Moore
1967 Henry Cooper
1968 David Hemery
1969 Ann Jones
1970 Henry Cooper
1971 HRH The Princess Anne
1972 Mary Peters
1973 Jackie Stewart
1974 Brendan Foster
1975 David Steele
1976 John Curry
1977 Virginia Wade
1978 Steve Ovett
1979 Sebastian Coe
1980 Robin Cousins
1981 Ian Botham
1982 Daley Thompson
1983 Steve Cram
1984 Torvill and Dean (Jayne Torvill & Christopher Dean)
1985 Barry McGuigan
1986 Nigel Mansell
1987 Fatima Whitbread
1988 Steve Davis
1989 Nick Faldo
1990 Paul Gascoigne
1991 Liz McColgan
1992 Nigel Mansell
1993 Linford Christie
1994 Damon Hill
1995 Jonathan Edwards
1996 Damon Hill
1997 Greg Rusedski
1998 Michael Owen
1999 Lennox Lewis
2000 Steve Redgrave
2001 David Beckham
2002 Paula Radcliffe
2003 Jonny Wilkinson
2004 Kelly Holmes
2005 Andrew Flintoff
2006 Zara Phillips
2007 Joe Calzaghe
2008 Chris Hoy
2009 Ryan Giggs
2010 Tony McCoy
2011 Mark Cavendish
2012 Bradley Wiggins
2013 Andy Murray
2014 Lewis Hamilton
2015 Andy Murray
2016 Andy Murray
2017 Mo Farah
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Torvill_and_Dean&oldid=835330729"
Categories:
Olympic figure skaters of Great Britain
Sport in Nottingham
Sports duos
English ice dancers
Olympic gold medallists for Great Britain
Olympic bronze medallists for Great Britain
Hidden categories:
Webarchive template wayback links
Use dmy dates from October 2011
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from January 2009
Articles containing French-language text
Pages using div col with deprecated parameters
Commons category without a link on Wikidata
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Add links
This page was last edited on 8 April 2018, at 01:24.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: span

value: th

attrs: colspan class style

values: text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;text-align: center; background-color: #B2C8FF;

value: tr

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean - Dancing on Ice 2011.jpg

attrs: href class

attrs: href title

value: i

value: td

attrs: colspan style

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: font-size:105%; text-align: center; background-color: transparent;

values: Figure skating at the 1984 Winter Olympics

values: Figure skating at the 1994 Winter Olympics

values: 1981 European Figure Skating Championships

values: 1982 European Figure Skating Championships

values: 1984 European Figure Skating Championships

values: 1994 European Figure Skating Championships

values: British Ice Figure and Dance Championships

values: width:100%; background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #000000;

values: font-size:105%; font-weight: normal; width: 100%;

values:
NavFrame
border: none; padding: 0;
NavFrame1

values:
/wiki/Dancing_on_Ice_(UK)
mw-redirect
Dancing on Ice (UK)

values:
/wiki/100_Greatest_Sporting_Moments
mw-redirect
100 Greatest Sporting Moments

values: Edit section: Partnership and the Olympics

values:
/wiki/City_of_Nottingham
mw-redirect
City of Nottingham

values:
/wiki/West_Side_Story_(musical)
mw-redirect
West Side Story (musical)

values:
/wiki/Lillehammer,_Norway
mw-redirect
Lillehammer, Norway

values:
/wiki/Hamar,_Norway
mw-redirect
Hamar, Norway

values:
/wiki/Hamar_OL-Amfi
mw-redirect
Hamar OL-Amfi

values:
/wiki/Evgeny_Platov
mw-redirect
Evgeny Platov

values: Edit section: Use of narrative and thematic music

values: Member of the Order of the British Empire

values:
/wiki/Caravan_(1937_song)
mw-redirect
Caravan (1937 song)

values:
/wiki/Sing,_Sing,_Sing
mw-redirect
Sing, Sing, Sing

values:
/wiki/Kevin_Stanton
mw-redirect
Kevin Stanton

values: Edit section: Complying with Olympic rules

values: Edit section: Amateur competition results

values: Edit section: Amateur competition dances

values: Evergreen (Love Theme from A Star Is Born)

values:
/wiki/Summertime_(George_Gershwin_song)
mw-redirect
Summertime (George Gershwin song)

values: Edit section: Professional competition results

values: World Professional Figure Skating Championships

values: Edit section: Professional competition dances

values: Edit section: The professional years 1984–1998

values:
/wiki/Royal_Variety_Show
mw-redirect
Royal Variety Show

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2009)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values: Edit section: Heaven and Hell 1985 (Group Number)

values: Edit section: Jupiter 1985 (Group Number)

values:
/wiki/Songs_of_the_Auvergne
mw-redirect
Songs of the Auvergne

values: Edit section: Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers Medley 1987

values:
/wiki/Silk_blouse
mw-redirect
Silk blouse

values: Edit section: Skater’s Waltz 1992 (Group Number)

values: div-col columns column-count column-count-3

values: -moz-column-count: 3; -webkit-column-count: 3; column-count: 3;

values: Edit section: Dancing On Ice performances

values: Let Me Entertain You (Robbie Williams song)

values:
/wiki/I_Like_The_Way_(You_Move)
mw-redirect
I Like The Way (You Move)

values:
/wiki/Feelin%27_Good
mw-redirect
Feelin' Good

values:
/wiki/World_of_our_Own
mw-redirect
World of our Own

values:
/wiki/Valerie_(Amy_Winehouse_song)
mw-redirect
Valerie (Amy Winehouse song)

values: Footprints in the Sand (Leona Lewis song)

values:
/wiki/Swing_with_Me
mw-redirect
Swing with Me

values:
/wiki/From_A_Distance
mw-redirect
From A Distance

values:
/wiki/What_The_World_Needs_Now_Is_Love
mw-redirect
What The World Needs Now Is Love

values:
/wiki/Accentuate_the_Positive
mw-redirect
Accentuate the Positive

values: Jools Holland's Rhythm and Blues Orchestra

values:
nofollow
external text
http://returntheolympicstosarajevo.org

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.move.com.au

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.derekwilliams.net

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.torvillanddean.com/history

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
nofollow
http://www.torvillanddean.com/
external text

values: Template:BBC Sports Personality of the Year winners

values: Template talk:BBC Sports Personality of the Year winners

values: BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award

values:
col
navbox-title
2
background:#efefef; color:#000;

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Category:Olympic figure skaters of Great Britain

values: Category:Olympic gold medallists for Great Britain

values: Category:Olympic bronze medallists for Great Britain

values: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

values: Category:Use dmy dates from October 2011

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from January 2009

values: Category:Articles containing French-language text

values: Category:Pages using div col with deprecated parameters

values: Category:Commons category without a link on Wikidata

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Torvill_and_Dean
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Torvill_and_Dean rootpage-Torvill_and_Dean skin-vector action-view