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Fox News
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For other uses, see Fox News (disambiguation).
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Fox News
Launched
October 7, 1996; 21 years ago (1996-10-07)
Owned by
Fox Entertainment Group
Picture format
720p (HDTV)
480i (SDTV)
Slogan
Fair & Balanced
Most Watched. Most Trusted.
Real News. Real Honest Opinion.
Country
United States
Language
English
Broadcast area
United States
Headquarters
1211 Avenue of the Americas
New York City, U.S. 10036
Sister channel(s)
Fox Business Network
Fox Broadcasting Company
Sky News
Sky News Australia
Sky TG24
Website
foxnews.com
Availability
Satellite
DirecTV
Channel 360 (HD/SD)
Dish Network
Channel 205 (HD/SD)
Bell TV
Channel 507
Shaw Direct
Channel 503 / 154
Foxtel
Channel 604
SKY TV (New Zealand)
Channel 088
Sky Italia
Channel 514
Digital+
Channel 77
StarHub
Channel 702
MEO (Portugal)
Channel 208
Cignal (Philippines)
Channel 131
OSN
Channel 411
beIN
Channel 147 (HD)
Oi TV (Brazil)
Channel 184
Cable
Available on most cable providers
Check local listings for channels
Verizon FiOS
Channel 618 (HD)
Channel 118 (SD)
Pioneer Cable Vision Inc. (PCVI) (Philippines)
Channel 14 (SD)
Macau Cable TV (Macau)
Channel 816
Cablelink (Philippines)
Channel TBA
Cable TV Hong Kong (Hong Kong)
Channel 123
Satellite radio
Sirius
Channel 114
XM
Channel 115
IPTV
Bell Fibe TV (Canada)Sky Angel
Channel 507Channel 318
VMedia (Canada)
Channel 181
Optik TV
Channel 9811 (SD)
Channel 811 (HD)
now TV
(Hong Kong)
Channel 318
Streaming media
FoxNewsGo.com
Watch live
(U.S. cable subscribers only; requires login from participating television providers to access stream)
PlayStation Vue
Internet Protocol television
Fox News (officially known as the Fox News Channel, commonly abbreviated to FNC) is a United States basic cable and satellite television news channel owned by the Fox Entertainment Group, a subsidiary of 21st Century Fox. The channel broadcasts primarily from studios at 1211 Avenue of the Americas, New York City. Fox News is provided in 86 countries or overseas territories worldwide,[1] with international broadcasts featuring Fox Extra segments during ad breaks.
The channel was created by Australian-American media mogul Rupert Murdoch, who hired former Republican Party media consultant and CNBC executive Roger Ailes as its founding CEO.[2] It launched on October 7, 1996, to 17 million cable subscribers.[3] Fox News grew during the late 1990s and 2000s to become a dominant cable news network in the United States.[4] As of February 2015, approximately 94,700,000 US households (81.4% of cable, satellite & telco customers) receive the Fox News Channel.[5] Murdoch is the current executive chairman and Suzanne Scott is the CEO.[6][7]
Most notably in recent years, Fox News Channel has been widely described as having biased reporting in favor of the Republican Party, Donald Trump and conservative causes.[8][9][10][11] Fox News employees have responded that news reporting operates independently of its opinion and commentary programming, and have denied bias in news reporting.[12]
Contents
1 History
2 Outlets
2.1 Television
2.2 Radio
2.3 Online
3 Notable personalities
3.1 Program hosts
3.2 Correspondents and substitute anchors
3.3 Regular guests and contributors
3.4 Former hosts and contributors
4 Ratings and reception
5 Demographics
6 Slogan
7 Content
7.1 Benghazi attack and aftermath
7.2 Uranium One
7.3 Pro-Republican and pro-Trump bias
7.4 Coverage of Russia investigation
7.5 False claims about other media
7.5.1 CNN's Jake Tapper
7.5.2 The New York Times
7.6 Climate change
7.7 Murder of Seth Rich conspiracy
7.8 Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville
7.9 Glenn Beck's comments about George Soros
8 Controversies
8.1 Sexual harassment
8.2 Obama administration conflict
8.3 Journalistic ethical standards
9 International transmission
9.1 Fox Extra
9.2 Australia
9.3 Brazil
9.4 Canada
9.5 France
9.6 Indonesia
9.7 Ireland
9.8 Israel
9.9 Italy
9.10 Netherlands
9.11 New Zealand
9.12 Pakistan
9.13 Philippines
9.14 Scandinavia
9.15 Singapore
9.16 South Africa
9.17 United Kingdom
9.18 Other countries
10 See also
11 References
12 Further reading
13 External links
History
Main article: History of Fox News
Roger Ailes and Rupert Murdoch established Fox News in 1996.
In May 1985, Australian publisher Rupert Murdoch announced he and American industrialist and philanthropist Marvin Davis intended to develop "a network of independent stations as a fourth marketing force" to compete directly with CBS, NBC, and ABC through the purchase of six television stations owned by Metromedia.[13] In July 1985, 20th Century Fox announced Murdoch had completed his purchase of 50 percent of Fox Filmed Entertainment, the parent company of 20th Century Fox Film Corporation.[14] A year later, 20th Century Fox earned $5.6 million in its fiscal third period ended May 31, 1986, in contrast to a loss of $55.8 million in the third period of the previous year.[15]
Prior to founding FNC, Murdoch had gained experience in the 24-hour news business when News Corporation's BSkyB subsidiary began Europe's first 24-hour news channel (Sky News) in the United Kingdom in 1989.[16] With the success of his fourth network efforts in the United States,[17] experience gained from Sky News and the turnaround of 20th Century Fox, Murdoch announced on January 31, 1996, that News Corp. would launch a 24-hour news channel on cable and satellite systems in the United States as part of a News Corp. "worldwide platform" for Fox programming: "The appetite for news – particularly news that explains to people how it affects them – is expanding enormously".[18]
In February 1996, after former U.S. Republican Party political strategist and NBC executive[19] Roger Ailes left cable television channel America's Talking (now MSNBC), Murdoch asked him to start Fox News Channel. Ailes demanded five months of 14-hour workdays and several weeks of rehearsal shows before its launch on October 7, 1996.[20]
At its debut 17 million households were able to watch FNC;[3] however, it was absent from the media markets of New York City and Los Angeles. Rolling news coverage during the day consisted of 20-minute single-topic shows such as Fox on Crime or Fox on Politics, surrounded by news headlines. Interviews featured facts at the bottom of the screen about the topic or the guest. The flagship newscast at the time was The Schneider Report, with Mike Schneider's fast-paced delivery of the news. During the evening, Fox featured opinion shows: The O'Reilly Report (later The O'Reilly Factor), The Crier Report (hosted by Catherine Crier) and Hannity & Colmes.
From the beginning, FNC has placed heavy emphasis on visual presentation. Graphics were designed to be colorful and attention-getting; this helped the viewer to grasp the main points of what was being said, even if they could not hear the host (with on-screen text summarizing the position of the interviewer or speaker, and "bullet points" when a host was delivering commentary). Fox News also created the "Fox News Alert", which interrupted its regular programming when a breaking news story occurred.
Fox News Studios in 2009.
To accelerate its adoption by cable providers, Fox News paid systems up to $11 per subscriber to distribute the channel.[21] This contrasted with the normal practice, in which cable operators paid stations carriage fees for programming. When Time Warner bought Ted Turner's Turner Broadcasting System, a federal antitrust consent decree required Time Warner to carry a second all-news channel in addition to its own CNN on its cable systems. Time Warner selected MSNBC as the secondary news channel, not Fox News. Fox News claimed this violated an agreement (to carry Fox News). Citing its agreement to keep its U.S. headquarters and a large studio in New York City, News Corporation enlisted the help of Mayor Rudolph Giuliani's administration to pressure Time Warner Cable (one of the city's two cable providers) to transmit Fox News on a city-owned channel.[22] City officials threatened to take action affecting Time Warner's cable franchises in the city.[23]
During the September 11, 2001 attacks, Fox News was the first news organization to run a news ticker on the bottom of the screen to keep up with the flow of information that day. The ticker has remained, informing viewers about additional news which reporters may not mention on-screen and repeating news mentioned during a broadcast; it has proven popular with viewers.[24]
Outlets
FNC airport newsstand at Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport
FNC's newsroom, November 15, 2007.
FNC maintains an archive of most of its programs. This archive also includes Fox Movietone newsreels. Licensing for the Fox News archive is handled by ITN Source, the archiving division of ITN.[25]
Television
Main article: List of programs broadcast by Fox News Channel
FNC presents a variety of programming, with up to 15 hours of live broadcasting per day in addition to programming and content for the Fox Broadcasting Company. Most programs are broadcast from Fox News headquarters in New York City (at 1211 Avenue of the Americas), in its streetside studio on Sixth Avenue in the west wing of Rockefeller Center, sharing its headquarters with sister channel Fox Business Network. Fox News Channel has eight studios at its New York City headquarters that are used for its and Fox Business' programming: Studio B (used for Fox Business programming), Studio D (which has an area for studio audiences; and is used by The Greg Gutfeld Show, Fox and Friends First), Studio F (used for The Story With Martha Maccallum, The Five, and America's Election Headquarters, Fox and Friends, Outnumbered, Outnumbered Overtime, America's News HQ, Justice with Judge Jeanine) Studio G (which houses Fox Business shows), Studio H (Fox News Deck used for Shepard Smith Reporting and breaking news coverage), Studio J (used for America's Newsroom, Hannity and Justice with Judge Jeanine)
The remaining programs (such as Tucker Carlson Tonight, Special Report with Bret Baier, The Ingraham Angle, Fox News @ Night, and editions of America's News HQ not broadcast from the New York City studios) are broadcast from Fox News's Washington, D.C. studios, located on Capitol Hill across from Union Station in a secured building shared by a number of other television networks (including NBC News and C-SPAN). Audio simulcasts of the channel are aired on XM Satellite Radio and Sirius Satellite Radio.
In an October 11, 2009 New York Times article, Fox said its hard-news programming runs from "9 a.m. to 4 p.m. and 6 to 8 p.m. on weekdays" and "[is] objective"; however, it makes no such claims for its other broadcasts, which primarily consist of editorial journalism and commentary.[26]
Fox News Channel began broadcasting in the 720p resolution format on May 1, 2008.[27] This format is available on all major cable and satellite providers.
Radio
Main article: Fox News Radio
With the growth of FNC, the company introduced a radio division, Fox News Radio, in 2003.[28] Syndicated throughout the United States, the division provides short newscasts and talk radio programs featuring personalities from the television and radio divisions. In 2006, the company also introduced Fox News Talk, a satellite radio station featuring programs syndicated by (and featuring) Fox News personalities.
Online
Introduced in December 1995,[29] the Fox News website features the latest coverage (including columns by FNC television, radio and online personalities). Video clips are also available on Foxnews.com and Foxbusiness.com. Fox News Latino is the version aimed at the Hispanic audience, although presented almost entirely in English, with a Spanish section.[30]
In September 2008, FNC joined other channels in introducing a live streaming segment to its website: The Strategy Room, designed to appeal to older viewers. It airs weekdays from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. and takes the form of an informal discussion, with running commentary on the news. Regular discussion programs include Business Hour, News With a View and God Talk.[31] In March 2009, The Fox Nation was launched as a website intended to encourage readers to post, commenting on the news.[32] Fox News Mobile is the portion of the FNC website dedicated to streaming news clips formatted for video-enabled mobile phones.[33]
Notable personalities
Program hosts
Bret Baier
Maria Bartiromo
Shannon Bream
Tucker Carlson
Neil Cavuto
Steve Doocy
Ainsley Earhardt
Harris Faulkner
Melissa Francis
Greg Gutfeld
Sean Hannity
Pete Hegseth
Bill Hemmer
Steve Hilton
Abby Huntsman
Laura Ingraham
Kennedy
Brian Kilmeade
Howard Kurtz
Harvey Levin
Martha MacCallum
Arthel Neville
Uma Pemmaraju
Dana Perino
Jeanine Pirro
Elizabeth Prann
Jon Scott
Eric Shawn
Sandra Smith
Shepard Smith
Leland Vittert
Chris Wallace
Jesse Watters
Juan Williams
Correspondents and substitute anchors
Dr. Manny Alvarez
Ellison Barber
Heather Childers
Patti Ann Browne
Christine Clayburg
Claudia Cowan
Janice Dean
Peter Doocy
Mike Emanuel
Kristin Fisher
Lea Gabrielle
Trace Gallagher
Anna Gilligan
Lauren Green
Jennifer Griffin
Molly Henneberg
Catherine Herridge
Adam Housley
Brit Hume
Phil Keating
Rick Leventhal
Molly Line
Dagen McDowell
Hollie McKay
Andrew Napolitano
Kate Obenshain
Charles Payne
Katie Pavlich
Geraldo Rivera
John Roberts
Eric Shawn
Dr. Marc Siegel
Regular guests and contributors
Dr. Keith Ablow
Mike Baker
Guy Benson
Jedediah Bila
Tammy Bruce
Pat Caddell
Herman Cain
Rep. Jason Chaffetz
Mo Elleithee[34]
Ezekiel Emanuel[34]
Erick Erickson
Nigel Farage[35]
Ari Fleischer
Steve Forbes
Newt Gingrich
Bernard Goldberg
Jonah Goldberg
Marie Harf[34]
Stephen Hayes
Mollie Hemingway[34]
Steve Hilton[34]
Governor Mike Huckabee
Charles Hurt
Santita Jackson
Dr. Robert Jeffress
Dennis Kucinich
Tomi Lahren
John "Bradshaw" Layfield
Rich Lowry
Frank Luntz
Leslie Marshall
Dennis Miller
Judith Miller
Fr. Jonathan Morris
Lt. Col. Oliver North
Candace Owens
Charles Payne
Karl Rove
Mercedes Schlapp
Douglas Schoen
Dr. Ben Stein
Katherine Timpf
Joe Trippi
Jonathan Turley
Tyrus
Stuart Varney
Brett Velicovich
Lis Wiehl
Byron York
Former hosts and contributors
Jim Angle
Louis Aguirre (former morning host, now host of The Insider)
Dari Alexander (now at WNYW in New York City)
Dr. Jennifer Ashton (now at ABC News)
Tiki Barber (now with CBS Sports Network)
Fred Barnes
Rudi Bakhtiar (now PR Director for the Public Affairs Alliance of Iranian Americans)
Glenn Beck (former afternoon host; now on TheBlaze)
Bob Beckel (terminated amid racist remarks)
Lisa Bernhard (entertainment correspondent)
Tony Blankley (deceased)
Eric Bolling (terminated amid sexual harassment allegations)
John R. Bolton
Dave Briggs
Scott Brown
Eric Burns (not renewed)
Brenda Buttner (deceased)
Joseph A. Cafasso (stepped down over allegations he overrepresented his military record)
Carl Cameron (retired in August 2017)
Alisyn Camerota (now at CNN)
Gretchen Carlson
Dr. Ben Carson (joined Trump cabinet)
Steve Centanni (retired in August 2014)
Liz Cheney (now in public service)
Kiran Chetry (later worked for CNN)
Wesley Clark (now at CNN)
Alan Colmes (deceased)
Rita Cosby (later worked at MSNBC)
Catherine Crier (now at TruTV)
Monica Crowley
S. E. Cupp (now at CNN)
Stacey Dash (not renewed)
Jill Dobson
Laurie Dhue (not renewed)
Matt Drudge
Darby Dunn (now at CNBC)
Donna Fiducia (no longer active in cable news industry, went into Georgia real estate)
Rick Folbaum (now at WFOR-TV)
Harold Ford, Jr. (now at MSNBC)
Courtney Friel (now at KTLA-TV)
Neal Gabler
Major Garrett (now at CBS News)
Alexis Glick (left Fox Business in December 2009; now at CNN)
Wendell Goler
Kimberly Guilfoyle
Mary Katharine Ham (now at CNN)[36]
Elisabeth Hasselbeck
E. D. Hill (now at CNN)
Marc Lamont Hill (now at BET and CNN)
Kit Hoover (now at TLC)
Margaret Hoover (left network 2012)
Page Hopkins (left network September 26, 2008; now at MSNBC)
Juliet Huddy
Carol Iovanna (now runs production company)
Marvin Kalb (not renewed)
John Kasich
Terry Keenan (deceased)
Greg Kelly (now at WNYW in New York City)
Megyn Kelly (now at NBC News)
Mort Kondracke
Anna Kooiman
Charles Krauthammer (deceased)
Bill Kristol
Jenna Lee
Andy Levy (now at HLN)
Dana Lewis (now at WSAW-TV in Wausau)
G. Gordon Liddy
Rachel Marsden (contributor and Red Eye panelist; now lives in France)
Meghan McCain
Bill McCuddy
Zell Miller
Maria Molina
Clayton Morris
Dick Morris (contributor not renewed)
Heather Nauert (now U.S. State Department Spokesperson)
Scottie Nell Hughes (terminated)
Joanne Nosuchinsky
Robert Novak (deceased)
Bill O'Reilly (terminated amid sexual harassment allegations)
Barbara Olson (killed in the September 11 attacks in 2001)
Lt. Col. Ralph Peters
Julian Phillips
Kirsten Powers (now at CNN)
Judith Regan
Julie Roginsky
Ed Rollins (not renewed)
James Rosen
Rick Santorum (now with CNN)
Mike Schneider (left for Bloomberg Television, most recently at NJTV)
Laura Schwartz
Bob Sellers (now morning co-anchor at WZTV in Nashville)
Suzanne Sena (now at HLN)
David Shuster (left Fox for MSNBC, later worked at Al Jazeera America)
Jane Skinner
Tony Snow (became White House Press Secretary, deceased)
Andrea Tantaros
Cal Thomas (not renewed)
Greta Van Susteren (now at MSNBC)
Linda Vester
George Will
Brian Wilson (presently morning drive time host on WMAL-FM)
Paula Zahn (left for CNN, now at Investigation Discovery)
Ratings and reception
In 2003, Fox News saw a large ratings jump during the early stages of the US invasion of Iraq. At the height of the conflict, according to some reports, Fox News had as much as a 300% increase in viewership (averaging 3.3 million viewers daily).[37] In 2004, Fox News' ratings for its broadcast of the Republican National Convention exceeded those of the three major broadcast networks. During President George W. Bush's address, Fox News attracted 7.3 million viewers nationally; NBC, ABC, and CBS had a viewership of 5.9 million, 5.1 million, and 5.0 million respectively.
Between late-2005 and early-2006, Fox News saw a brief decline in ratings. One was in the second quarter of 2006, when it lost viewers for every prime-time program compared with the previous quarter. The audience for the Special Report with Brit Hume, for example, dropped 19%. Several weeks later, in the wake of the 2006 North Korean missile test and the 2006 Lebanon War, Fox saw a surge in viewership and remained the #1-rated cable news channel.[38] Fox produced eight of the top ten most-watched nightly cable news shows, with The O'Reilly Factor and Hannity & Colmes finishing first and second respectively.[39]
FNC ranked #8 in viewership among all cable channels in 2006, and #6 in 2007.[40] The channel ranked #1 during the week of Barack Obama's election (November 3–9) in 2008, and reached the top spot again in January 2010 (during the week of the special Senate election in Massachusetts).[41] Comparing Fox to its 24-hour-news-channel competitors, in May 2010 the channel drew an average daily prime-time audience of 1.8 million viewers (versus 747,000 for MSNBC and 595,000 for CNN).[42]
In September 2009, the Pew Research Center published a report on the public view of national news organizations. In the report, 72 percent of polled Republican Fox viewers rated the channel as "favorable", while 43 percent of polled Democratic viewers and 55 percent of all polled viewers shared that opinion. However, Fox was given the highest "unfavorable" rating of all national outlets studied (25 percent of all polled viewers). The report went on to say, "partisan differences in views of Fox News have increased substantially since 2007".[43] A Public Policy Polling poll concluded in 2013 that perceptions of FNC had declined from 2010. 41% of polled voters said they trust it, down from 49% in 2010, while 46% said they distrust it, up from 37% in 2010. It was also called the "most trusted" network by 34% of those polled, more than had said the same of any other network.[44]
Then-Fox anchor Megyn Kelly covering the 2012 Democratic National Convention
On the night of October 22, 2012, Fox set a record for its highest-rated telecast ever, with 11.5 million viewers for the third U.S. presidential debate.[45] In prime time the week before, Fox averaged almost 3.7 million viewers with a total day average of 1.66 million viewers.[46]
In prime time and total day ratings for the week of April 15 to 21, 2013, Fox News, propelled by its coverage of the Boston Marathon bombing, was the highest-ranked network on U.S. cable television, for the first time since August 2005, when Hurricane Katrina hit the Gulf Coast of the United States.[47] January 2014 marked Fox News's 145th consecutive month as the number one rated cable news channel. During that month, Fox News beat CNN and MSNBC combined in overall viewers in both prime time hours and the total day.[48] In the third quarter of 2014, the network was the most-watched cable channel during prime time hours.[49] During the final week of the campaign for the United States elections, 2014, Fox News had the highest ratings of any cable channel, news or otherwise. On election night itself, Fox News' coverage had higher ratings than that of any of the other five cable or network news sources among viewers between 25 and 54 years of age.[50] The network hosted the first prime-time GOP candidates' forum of the 2016 campaign on August 6. The debate reached a record-breaking 24 million viewers, by far the largest audience ever for any cable news event.[51]
Demographics
As indicated by a The New York Times article, based on Nielsen statistics, Fox appears to have a mostly aged demographic.[52] In 2008, in the 25–54 age group, Fox News had an average of 557,000 viewers, but dropped to 379,000 in 2013 while increasing its overall audience from 1.89 million in 2010 to 2.02 million in 2013. The median age of a prime-time viewer was 68 as of 2015.[53] A study done by the Pew Research Center found that around 60% of Fox News viewers identify as conservative.[54]
According to a 2013 Gallup poll, 94% of Fox viewers either identify themselves or lean Republican.[55]
Slogan
Fox News Channel originally used the slogan "Fair and Balanced", which was coined by network co-founder Roger Ailes while the network was being established. The New York Times described the slogan as being a "blunt signal that Fox News planned to counteract what Mr. Ailes and many others viewed as a liberal bias ingrained in television coverage by establishment news networks."[56][57]
In August 2003, Fox sued comedian Al Franken over his use of the slogan as a subtitle for his book, Lies and the Lying Liars Who Tell Them: A Fair and Balanced Look at the Right, which is critical of Fox News Channel.[58] The lawsuit was dropped three days later, after Judge Denny Chin refused its request for an injunction. In his decision, Chin ruled the case was "wholly without merit, both factually and legally". He went on to suggest that Fox News' trademark on the phrase "fair and balanced" could be invalid.[59] In December 2003, FNC won a legal battle concerning the slogan, when AlterNet filed a cancellation petition with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) to have FNC's trademark rescinded as inaccurate. AlterNet included the documentary film Outfoxed as supporting evidence in its case.[60] After losing early motions, AlterNet withdrew its petition; the USPTO dismissed the case.[61] In 2008, FNC used the slogan "We Report, You Decide", referring to "You Decide 2008" (FNC's original slogan for its coverage of election issues).
In August 2016, Fox News Channel began to quietly phase out the "Fair and Balanced" slogan in favor of "Most Watched, Most Trusted"; when these changes were reported in June 2017 by Gabriel Sherman (a writer who had written a biography on Ailes), a network executive said the change "has nothing to do with programming or editorial decisions." It was speculated by media outlets that Fox News Channel was wishing to distance itself from Ailes' tenure at the network.[56][62][57] In March 2018, the network introduced a new ad campaign, Real News. Real Honest Opinion. The ad campaign is intended to promote the network's opinion-based programming and counter perceptions surrounding "fake news".[63][64] Fox News still keeps both the "Fair & Balanced" and "Most Watched. Most Trusted." slogans.
Content
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Benghazi attack and aftermath
Fox News provided extensive coverage of the 2012 Benghazi attack, which host Sean Hannity described in December 2012 as "the story that the mainstream media ignores" and "obviously, a cover-up. And we will get to the bottom of it."[65] Programming analysis by Media Matters found that during the twenty months following the Benghazi attacks, FNC ran 1,098 segments on the issue, including:[66]
478 segments involving Susan Rice's September 16, 2012 Sunday news show appearances, during which she was falsely accused of lying
382 segments on Special Report, the network's flagship news program
281 segments alleging a "cover-up" by the Obama administration
144 interviews of GOP members of Congress, but only five interviews of Democratic members of Congress and Obama administration officials
120 comparisons to Iran-Contra, Watergate, and the actions of the Nixon administration
100 segments falsely suggesting the administration issued a "stand-down order" to prevent a rescue operation in Benghazi
Over nearly four years after the Benghazi attack, there were ten official investigations, including six by Republican-controlled House committees. None of the investigations found any evidence of scandal, cover-up or lying by Obama administration officials.
On June 29, 2018, Fox News broadcast a segment by news anchor Bret Baier entitled "Whatever happened to the Benghazi investigation?" which repeated some of the accusations the network had previously made about Susan Rice and Hillary Clinton, but for which the women had been exonerated by the official investigations.[67]
Uranium One
From 2015 into 2018, Fox News broadcast extensive coverage of an alleged scandal surrounding the sale of Uranium One to Russian interests, which host Sean Hannity characterized as "one of the biggest scandals in American history."[68] The Fox News coverage extended throughout the programming day, with particular emphasis by Hannity.[69] The network promoted a narrative asserting that, as Secretary of State, Hillary Clinton personally approved the Uranium One sale in exchange for $145 million in bribes paid to the Clinton Foundation. Donald Trump repeated these allegations as a candidate and as president.[70] No evidence of wrongdoing by Clinton had been found after three years of allegations, an FBI investigation, and the 2017 appointment of a Federal attorney to evaluate the investigation. In November 2017, Fox News host Shepard Smith concisely debunked the alleged scandal, infuriating viewers who suggested he should work for CNN or MSNBC.[71][72] Hannity later called Smith "clueless," while Smith stated, "I get it, that some of our opinion programming is there strictly to be entertaining. I get that. I don’t work there. I wouldn’t work there."[73][74]
Pro-Republican and pro-Trump bias
Fox News Channel has been widely described as providing biased reporting in favor of conservative political positions,[8][9][75][76][77][78][79] the Republican Party[80][81][10] and President Donald Trump.[82][11] Political scientist Jonathan Bernstein described Fox News as an expanded part of the Republican Party.[81][10] Political scientists Matt Grossmann and David A. Hopkins write that Fox News has helped "Republicans communicate with their base and spread their ideas, and they have been effective in mobilizing voters to participate in midterm elections (as in 2010 and 2014)."[10] Prior to 2000, Fox News lacked an ideological tilt, and even had more Democrats watch the channel than Republicans.[83] During the 2004 presidential election, Fox News was markedly more hostile in its coverage of Democratic presidential nominee John Kerry, and distinguished itself among cable news outlets for heavy coverage of the Swift Boat smear campaign against Kerry.[84][85][86] During Obama's first term in office, Fox News helped launch and amplify the Tea Party movement, a conservative movement within the Republican party that organized protests against Obama and his policies.[87][8][88][89][90][79][91]
During the Republican primaries, Fox News was widely perceived as trying to prevent Trump from clinching the nomination.[75] However, according to Politico, under Trump's presidency, Fox News remade itself into his image, as nearly no criticism could be heard of Trump on Fox News' prime-time shows.[92][82] Even in Fox News' news reporting, the network dedicated far more coverage to Hillary Clinton-related stories, which critics say was intended to deflect attention from the investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 election.[92] Trump provided great access to Fox News during his presidency, giving 19 interviews to the channel while only 6 in total to other news channels by November 2017; the New York Times described Trump's Fox News interviews as "softball interviews" and some of the interviewers' interview styles as "fawning";[93] similarly, The Economist has described the network's coverage of Trump's presidency as "reliably fawning."[94] From 2015 to 2017, the Fox News prime-time line-up changed from one that was skeptical and questioning of Trump to a "Trump safe space, with a dose of Bannonist populism once considered on the fringe."[95] The Fox News website has also gotten more extreme in its rhetoric since the election of Donald Trump; according to Columbia's Tow Center for Digital Journalism, the Fox News website has "gone a little Breitbart" over time.[96] At the start of 2018, Fox News mostly ignored prominent scandals in the Trump administration which received ample coverage in other national media outlets, such as White House Staff Secretary Rob Porter's resignation amid domestic abuse allegations, the downgrading of Jared Kushner's security clearance and the existence of a non-disclosure agreement between Trump and the porn star Stormy Daniels.[97]
A 2008 study found Fox News gave disproportionate attention to polls suggesting low approval for President Bill Clinton.[98] A 2009 study found Fox News was less likely to pick up stories that reflected well on Democrats, and more likely to pick up stories that reflected well on Republicans.[99] A 2010 study comparing Fox News Channel's Special Report With Brit Hume and NBC's Nightly News coverage of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan during 2005 concluded "Fox News was much more sympathetic to the administration than NBC", suggesting "if scholars continue to find evidence of a partisan or ideological bias at FNC... they should consider Fox as alternative, rather than mainstream, media".[100]
Research also suggests Fox News increases Republican vote shares and makes Republican politicians more partisan.[101][77][102][103] A 2007 study, using the introduction of Fox News into local markets (1996–2000) as an instrumental variable, found that in the 2000 presidential election "Republicans gained 0.4 to 0.7 percentage points in the towns that broadcast Fox News", suggesting "Fox News convinced 3 to 28 percent of its viewers to vote Republican, depending on the audience measure".[77] These results were confirmed by a 2015 study.[103] A 2014 study, using the same instrumental variable, found congressional "representatives become less supportive of President Clinton in districts where Fox News begins broadcasting than similar representatives in similar districts where Fox News was not broadcast."[102] A 2017 study, using channel positions as an instrumental variable, found "Fox News increases Republican vote shares by 0.3 points among viewers induced into watching 2.5 additional minutes per week by variation in position."[101] Another 2014 paper found Fox News viewing increased Republican vote shares among voters who identified as Republican or independent.[104]
Fox News publicly denies it is biased, with Murdoch and Ailes saying have included Murdoch's statement that Fox has "given room to both sides, whereas only one side had it before".[105] Fox News host Chris Wallace has said, "I think we are the counter-weight [to NBC News] ... they have a liberal agenda, and we tell the other side of the story."[106] In 2004, Robert Greenwald's documentary film Outfoxed: Rupert Murdoch's War on Journalism argued Fox News had a conservative bias and featured clips from Fox News and internal memos from editorial vice president John Moody directing Fox News staff on how to report certain subjects.[107][108]
A leaked memo from Fox News vice president Bill Sammon to news staff at the height of the health care reform in the United States debate has been cited as an example of the pro-Republican Party bias of Fox News. His memo asked the staff to "use the term 'government-run health insurance,' or, when brevity is a concern, 'government option,' whenever possible". The memo was sent shortly after Republican pollster Frank Luntz advised Sean Hannity on his Fox show, "If you call it a public option, the American people are split. If you call it the government option, the public is overwhelmingly against it".[109]
Surveys suggest Fox News is widely perceived to be ideological. A 2009 Pew survey found Fox News is viewed as the most ideological channel in America, with 47 percent of those surveyed said Fox News is "mostly conservative", 14 percent said "mostly liberal" and 24 percent said "neither". In comparison, MSNBC had 36 percent identify it as "mostly liberal", 11 percent as "mostly conservative" and 27 percent as "neither". CNN had 37 percent describe it as "mostly liberal", 11 percent as "mostly conservative" and 33 percent as "neither".[110] A 2004 Pew Research Center survey found FNC was cited (unprompted) by 69 percent of national journalists as a conservative news organization.[111] A Rasmussen poll found 31 percent of Americans felt Fox News had a conservative bias, and 15 percent that it had a liberal bias. It found 36 percent believed Fox News delivers news with neither a conservative or liberal bias, compared with 37 percent who said NPR delivers news with no conservative or liberal bias and 32 percent who said the same of CNN.[112]
David Carr, media critic for The New York Times, praised the 2012 presidential election results coverage on Fox News for the network's response to Republican adviser and Fox News contributor Karl Rove challenging its call that Barack Obama would win Ohio and the election. Fox's prediction was correct. Carr wrote:
Over many months, Fox lulled its conservative base with agitprop: that President Obama was a clear failure, that a majority of Americans saw [Mitt] Romney as a good alternative in hard times, and that polls showing otherwise were politically motivated and not to be believed. But on Tuesday night, the people in charge of Fox News were confronted with a stark choice after it became clear that Mr. Romney had fallen short: was Fox, first and foremost, a place for advocacy or a place for news? In this moment, at least, Fox chose news.[113]
A May 2017 study conducted by Harvard University's Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy examined coverage of Trump's first 100 days in office by several major mainstream media outlets including Fox.[114] It found Trump received 80% negative coverage from the overall media, and received the least negative coverage on Fox – 52% negative and 48% positive.[115]
On March 14, 2017, Andrew Napolitano, a Fox News commentator, claimed on Fox & Friends that British intelligence agency GCHQ had wiretapped Donald Trump on behalf of Barack Obama during the 2016 United States presidential election.[116][117] On March 16, 2017, White House spokesman Sean Spicer repeated the claim.[116] When Trump was questioned about the claim at a news conference, he said "All we did was quote a certain very talented legal mind who was the one responsible for saying that on television. I didn't make an opinion on it."[118] On March 17, 2017, Shepard Smith, a Fox News anchor, admitted the network had no evidence that Trump was under surveillance. British officials said the White House was backing off the claim.[118] Napolitano was later suspended by Fox News for making the claim.[119]
In June 2018, Fox News executives instructed producers to head off inappropriate remarks made on the shows aired by the network by hosts and commentators.[120] The instructions came after a number of Fox News hosts and guests made incendiary comments about the Trump administration's policy of separating migrant children from their parents.[120] Fox News host Laura Ingraham had likened the child detention centers that the children were in to "summer camps". Guest Corey Lewandowski mocked the story of a 10-year old child with Down's syndrome being separated from her mother; the Fox News host did not address Lewandowski's statement.[120] Guest Ann Coulter falsely claimed that the separated children were "child actors"; the Fox News host did not challenge her claim.[120] In a segment on Trump's alleged use of racial dog whistles, one Fox News contributor told an African-American whom he was debating, "You’re out of your cotton-picking mind."[120]
According to the 2016 book Asymmetric Politics by political scientists Matt Grossmann and David A. Hopkins, Fox News tends to raise the profile of scandals and controversies involving Democrats that receive scant attention in other media, such as the relationship between Barack Obama and William Ayers... Hillary Clinton's role in the fatal 2012 attacks on the American consulate in Benghazi, Libya; the gun-running scandal known as "Fast and Furious"; the business practices of federal loan guarantee recipient Solyndra; the past activism of Obama White House operative Van Jones; the 2004 attacks on John Kerry by the Swift Boat Veterans for Truth; the controversial sermons of Obama's Chicago pastor Jeremiah Wright; the filming of undercover videos of supposed wrongdoing by the liberal activist group ACORN; and even the "war on Christmas" supposedly waged every December by secular, multicultural liberals."[87]
Coverage of Russia investigation
On 30 October 2017, when special counsel Robert S. Mueller III indicted Paul Manafort and Rick Gates, and revealed George Papadopoulos had plead guilty (all of whom were involved in the Trump 2016 campaign), this was the focus of most media's coverage, except Fox News'.[121] Hosts and guests on Fox News called for Mueller to be fired.[121][122] Sean Hannity and Tucker Carlson focused their shows on unsubstantiated allegations that Clinton sold uranium to Russia in exchange for donations to the Clinton Foundation and on the Clinton campaign's role in funding the Donald Trump–Russia dossier.[121][123] Hannity asserted, "The very thing they are accusing President Trump of doing, they did it themselves."[121] During the segment, Hannity mistakenly referred to Clinton as President Clinton.[121][124] Fox News dedicated extensive coverage to the uranium story, which Democrats said was an attempt to distract from Mueller's intensifying investigation.[125][126] CNN described the coverage as "a tour de force in deflection and dismissal."[123] On 31 October, CNN reported Fox News employees were dissatisfied with their outlet's coverage of the Russia investigation, with employees calling it an "embarrassment", "laughable" and saying it "does the viewer a huge disservice and further divides the country" and that it is "another blow to journalists at Fox who come in every day wanting to cover the news in a fair and objective way".[127][128]
When the investigation by special counsel Robert Mueller into Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election intensified in October 2017, the focus of Fox News coverage turned "what they see as the scandal and wrongdoing of President Trump's political opponents. In reports like these, Bill and Hillary Clinton are prominent and recurring characters because they are considered the real conspirators working with the Russians to undermine American democracy."[129] Paul Waldman of the Washington Post described the coverage as "No puppet. You’re the puppet", saying it was a "careful, coordinated, and comprehensive strategy" to distract from Mueller's investigation.[130] German Lopes of Vox said Fox News' coverage has reached "levels of self-parody" as it dedicated coverage to low-key stories, such as a controversial Newsweek op-ed and hamburger emojis, while other networks had wall-to-wall coverage of Mueller's indictments.[131]
A FiveThirtyEight analysis of Russia-related media coverage in cable news found most mentions of Russia on Fox News were spoken in close proximity to "uranium" and "dossier".[132] On 1 November 2017, Vox analyzed the transcripts of Fox News, CNN and MSNBC, and found Fox News "was unable to talk about the Mueller investigation without bringing up Hillary Clinton", "talked significantly less about George Papadopoulos — the Trump campaign adviser whose plea deal with Mueller provides the most explicit evidence thus far that the campaign knew of the Russian government's efforts to help Trump — than its competitors", and "repeatedly called Mueller's credibility into question".[133]
In December 2017, Fox News escalated its attacks on the Mueller investigation, with hosts and guest commentators suggesting the investigation amounted to a coup.[134][135][136][137][138] Guest co-host Kevin Jackson referred to a right-wing conspiracy theory claiming Strzok's messages are evidence of a plot by FBI agents to assassinate Trump, a claim which the other Fox co-hosts quickly said is not supported by any credible evidence.[139][140] Fox News host Jeanine Pirro called the Mueller investigation team a "criminal cabal" and said the team ought to be arrested.[134] Other Fox News figures referred to the investigation as "corrupt", "crooked" and "illegitimate", and likened the FBI to the KGB, the Soviet-era spy organization that routinely tortured and summarily executed people.[135] Political scientists and scholars of coups described the Fox News rhetoric as scary and dangerous.[135] Experts on coups rejected that the Mueller investigation amounted to a coup; rather, the Fox News rhetoric was dangerous to democracy and mirrored the kind of rhetoric that occurs before purges.[135] A number of observers argued the Fox News rhetoric was intended to discredit the Mueller investigation and sway President Donald Trump to fire Mueller.[141]
False claims about other media
CNN's Jake Tapper
In November 2017, in the immediate aftermath of the 2017 New York City truck attack wherein a terrorist shouted "Allahu Akbar", Fox News distorted a statement by Jake Tapper to make it appear as if he had said "Allahu Akbar" can be used under the most "beautiful circumstances".[142] Fox News omitted that Tapper had said the use of "Allahu Akbar" in the terrorist attack was not one of these beautiful circumstances.[142] A headline on FoxNews.com was preceded by a tag reading "OUTRAGEOUS".[142] The Fox News Twitter account distorted the statement even more, saying "Jake Tapper Says 'Allahu Akbar' Is 'Beautiful' Right After NYC Terror Attack" in a tweet that was later deleted.[142] Tapper chastised Fox News for choosing to "deliberately lie" and said "there was a time when one could tell the difference between Fox and the nutjobs at Infowars. It's getting tougher and tougher. Lies are lies."[142] Tapper had in 2009, while a White House correspondent for ABC News, come to the defense of Fox News when Obama criticized the network for not being a legitimate news organization.[143]
Fox News guest host Jason Chaffetz apologized to Tapper for misrepresenting his statement.[144] After Fox News had deleted the tweet, Sean Hannity repeated the misrepresentation and called Tapper "liberal fake news CNN's fake Jake Tapper" and mocked his ratings.[144][143]
The New York Times
In July 2017, a report by Fox & Friends falsely said the New York Times had disclosed intelligence in one of its stories and that this intelligence disclosure helped Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, the leader of the Islamic State, to evade capture.[145] The report cited an inaccurate assertion by Gen. Tony Thomas, the head of the United States Special Operations Command, that a major newspaper had disclosed the intelligence.[145][146] Fox News said it was the New York Times, repeatedly running the chyron "NYT FOILS U.S. ATTEMPT TO TAKE OUT AL-BAHGDADI".[146] Pete Hegseth, one of the show's hosts, criticized the "failing New York Times".[146] President Donald Trump tweeted about the Fox & Friends report shortly after it first aired, saying "The Failing New York Times foiled U.S. attempt to kill the single most wanted terrorist, Al-Baghdadi. Their sick agenda over National Security."[145] Fox News later updated the story, but without apologizing to the New York Times or responding directly to the inaccuracies.[146]
In a Washington Post column, Erik Wemple said Chris Wallace had covered the New York Times story himself on Fox News Sunday. "Here's another case of the differing standards between Fox News's opinion operation", which has given "a state-run vibe on all matters related to Trump", compared to Fox News's news operation, which has provided "mostly sane coverage."[147]
Climate change
A 2011 study found Fox News "takes a more dismissive tone toward climate change than CNN and MSNBC".[148] A 2008 study found Fox News emphasized the scientific uncertainty of climate change more than CNN, was less likely to say climate change was real, and more likely to interview climate change skeptics.[148]
In 2011, the hosts of Fox & Friends described climate change as "unproven science", a "disputed fact", and criticized the Department of Education for working together with Nickelodeon to teach children about climate change.[149] In 2001, Sean Hannity described the scientific consensus on climate change as "phony science from the left."[150] In 2004, he falsely alleged, "scientists still can’t agree on whether the global warming is scientific fact or fiction".[150] In 2010, Hannity said the so-called "Climategate" – the leaking of e-mails by climate scientist that climate change skeptics claimed demonstrated scientific misconduct but which all subsequent enquiries have found no evidence of misconduct or wrongdoing – a "scandal" that "exposed global warming as a myth cooked up by alarmists."[151] Hannity frequently invites contrarian fringe scientists and critics of climate change to his shows.[152]
Shepard Smith has drawn attention for being one of few voices on Fox News to forcefully state that climate change is real, that human activities are a primary contributor to it and that there is a scientific consensus on the issue.[153][154] His acceptance of the scientific consensus on climate change has drawn criticism from Fox News viewers and conservatives.[155][156]
Murder of Seth Rich conspiracy
See also: Murder of Seth Rich
On May 16, 2017, a day when other news organizations were extensively covering Donald Trump's revelation of classified information to Russia,[157] Fox News ran a lead story about a private investigator's uncorroborated claims about the murder of Seth Rich, a DNC staffer.[158][159][160] The private investigator said he had uncovered evidence that Rich was in contact with Wikileaks and law enforcement were covering it up.[158] The killing of Rich has given rise to conspiracy theories in rightwing circles that Hillary Clinton and the Democratic Party had Seth Rich killed allegedly because he was the source of the DNC leaks.[158] U.S. intelligence agencies determined Russia was the source of the leaks.[161] In reporting the investigator's claims, the Fox News report reignited right-wing conspiracy theories about the killing.[158][160]
The Fox News story fell apart within hours.[162] Other news organizations quickly revealed the investigator was a Donald Trump supporter and had according to NBC News "developed a reputation for making outlandish claims, such as one appearance on Fox News in 2007 in which he warned that underground networks of pink pistol-toting lesbian gangs were raping young women."[158][163] The family of Seth Rich, the Washington, D.C.police department, the Washington, D.C. mayor's office, the FBI, and law enforcement sources familiar with the case, rebuked the investigator's claims.[158][159] The family said, "We are a family who is committed to facts, not fake evidence that surfaces every few months to fill the void and distract law enforcement and the general public from finding Seth's murderers."[158] The spokesperson for the family criticized Fox News for its reporting, alleging the outlet was motivated by a desire to deflect attention from the Trump-Russia story: "I think there's a very special place in hell for people that would use the memory of a murder victim in order to pursue a political agenda."[157] The family has called for retractions and apologies from Fox News for the inaccurate reporting.[163][164] Over the course of the day, Fox News altered the contents of the story and the headline, but did not issue corrections.[163][165] When CNN contacted the private investigator later that day, the investigator said he had no evidence that Rich had contacted Wikileaks.[160] The investigator claimed he only learned about the possible existence of the evidence from a Fox News reporter.[160] Fox News did not respond to inquiries by CNN, and the Washington Post.[160][159] Fox News later on 23 May, seven days after the story was published, retracted its original report, saying the original report did not meet its standards.[166][162]
Nicole Hemmer, assistant professor at the Miller Center of Public Affairs, wrote that the promotion of the conspiracy theory demonstrated how Fox News was "remaking itself in the image of fringe media in the age of Trump, blurring the lines between real and fake news."[167] Max Boot of the Council on Foreign Relations said while intent behind Fox News, as a counterweight to the liberal media was laudable, the culmination of those efforts have been to create an alternative news source that promotes hoaxes and myths, of which the promotion of the Seth Rich conspiracy is an example.[168] Fox News was also criticized by conservative outlets, such as the Weekly Standard,[169] National Review,[170][171] and conservative columnists, such as Jennifer Rubin,[172] Michael Gerson,[173] and John Podhoretz.[174]
Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville
Various Fox News hosts and contributors defended Trump's remarks that "many sides" were to blame for violence at a gathering of hundreds of white nationalists in Charlottesville, Virginia.[175][176] Some criticized Trump.[177][176] In a press conference on 15 August, Trump used the term "alt-left" to describe counterprotesters at the white supremacist rally, a term which had been used in Fox News' coverage of the white supremacist rally.[175] Several of Trump's comments at the press conference mirrored those appearing earlier on Fox News.[178]
According to Dylan Byers of CNN, Fox News' coverage on the day of the press conference "was heavy with "whataboutism". The average Fox viewer was likely left with the impression that the media's criticism of Trump and leftist protestors' toppling of some Confederate statues were far greater threats to America than white supremacism or the president's apparent defense of bigotry."[177] Byers wrote, "it showed that if Fox News has a line when it comes to Trump's presidency, it was not crossed on Tuesday."[177]
Glenn Beck's comments about George Soros
During Glenn Beck's tenure at Fox News, he became one of the most high-profile proponents of conspiracy theories about George Soros, a Jewish Hungarian-American businessman and philanthropist known for his donations to American liberal political causes.[179] Beck regularly described Soros as a "puppet-master" and used common anti-Semitic tropes to refer to Soros and his activities.[179] In a 2010 three-part series, Beck depicted George Soros as a cartoonish villain trying to "form a shadow government, using humanitarian aid as a cover," and that Soros wanted a one-world government.[180][181] Beck promoted the false and anti-Semitic conspiracy theory that Soros was a Nazi collaborator as a 14-year old in Nazi-occupied Hungary.[182] Beck also characterized Soros's mother as a "wildly anti-Semitic" Nazi collaborator.[180] According to The Washington Post, "Beck's series was largely considered obscene and delusional, if not outright anti-Semitic", but Beck's conspiracy theory became popular on the rightwing of American politics.[180] Amid criticism of Beck's false smears, Fox News defended Beck, stating "information regarding Mr. Soros's experiences growing up were taken directly from his writings and from interviews given by him to the media, and no negative opinion was offered as to his actions as a child."[181][183] Roger Ailes, then-head of Fox News, dismissed criticism levied at Beck by hundreds of rabbis, saying that they were "left-wing rabbis who basically don't think that anybody can ever use the word, Holocaust, on the air."[184]
Controversies
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Main article: Fox News controversies
Sexual harassment
The network has been accused of permitting sexual harassment and racial discrimination by on-air hosts, executives, and employees, paying out millions of dollars in legal settlements.[185] Prominent Fox News figures such as Roger Ailes, Bill O'Reilly and Eric Bolling were eventually fired after a multitude of women accused them of sexual harassment. At least four lawsuits alleged Fox News co-president Bill Shine ignored, enabled or concealed Roger Ailes' alleged sexual harassment.[186][187][188] Fox News CEO Rupert Murdoch has dismissed the high-profile sexual misconduct allegations as "largely political" and speculated they were made "because we are conservative".[189]
Bill O'Reilly and Fox News settled six agreements, totaling $45 million, with women who accused O'Reilly of sexual harassment.[190][191] In January 2017, shortly after Bill O'Reilly settled a sexual harassment lawsuit for $32 million ("an extraordinarily large amount for such cases"), Fox News renewed Bill O'Reilly's contract.[190] Fox News's parent company, 21st Century Fox, said it was aware of the lawsuit.[190] The contract between O'Reilly and Fox News read he could not be fired from the network unless sexual harassment allegations were proved in court.[192]
Fox News's extensive coverage of the Harvey Weinstein scandal in October 2017 was seen by some as hypocritical.[193][194] Fox News dedicated at least 12 hours of coverage to the Weinstein scandal, yet only dedicated 20 minutes to Bill O'Reilly, who just like Weinstein had been accused of sexual harassment by a multitude of women.[193][194] Indira Lakshmana, an expert in journalism ethics at the Poynter Institute, said "to devote hours of airtime to crowing about Weinstein's well-deserved downfall because of his liberal politics, while ignoring the massive, decades-long pattern of harassment by powerful men at Fox, is both hypocritical and sad".[194] A few weeks later, when a number of women under the age of 18, including a 14-year old, accused Alabama Senate candidate Roy Moore of making sexual advances, Hannity dismissed the sexual misconduct allegations and dedicated coverage on his TV show to casting doubt on the accusers.[195][196] Other prime-time Fox News hosts Tucker Carlson and Laura Ingraham questioned the Washington Post's reporting or opted to bring up sexual misconduct allegations regarding show business elites such as Harvey Weinstein and Louis C.K.[95] Fox News figures Jeanine Pirro and Gregg Jarrett questioned both the validity of the Washington Post's reporting and that of the women.[197] In December 2017, a few days before the Alabama Senate election, Fox News, along with the conspiracy websites Breitbart and Gateway Pundit, ran an inaccurate headline which claimed one of Roy Moore's accusers admitted to forging an inscription by Roy Moore in her yearbook; Fox News later added a correction to the story.[198]
A number of Fox News hosts have welcomed Bill O'Reilly to their shows and paid tributes to Roger Ailes after his death. In May 2017, Hannity called Ailes "a second father" and said to Ailes's "enemies" that he was "preparing to kick your a** in the next life".[199] Ailes had the year before been fired from Fox News after a number of women alleged he sexually harassed them.[199] In September 2017, several months after Bill O'Reilly was fired from Fox News in the wake of a number of women alleging he sexually harassed them, Hannity hosted O'Reilly on his show.[200][201][202] Some Fox News employees criticized the decision.[201] According to CNN, during the interview, Hannity found kinship with O'Reilly as he appeared "to feel that he and O'Reilly have both become victims of liberals looking to silence them."[201] Earlier, Hannity had dedicated extensive coverage to the Weinstein scandal.[203]
Obama administration conflict
In September 2009, the Obama administration engaged in a verbal conflict with Fox News Channel. On September 20, President Barack Obama appeared on all major news programs except Fox News, a snub partially in response to remarks about him by commentators Glenn Beck and Sean Hannity, and Fox coverage of Obama's health-care proposal.[204][205]
In late September 2009, Obama senior advisor David Axelrod and Roger Ailes met in secret to attempt to smooth out tensions between the two camps. Two weeks later, chief of staff Rahm Emanuel referred to FNC as "not a news network" and communications director Anita Dunn said "Fox News often operates as either the research arm or the communications arm of the Republican Party".[206][207] Obama observed, "If media is operating basically as a talk radio format, then that's one thing, and if it's operating as a news outlet, then that's another".[208] White House chief of staff Rahm Emanuel said it was important "to not have the CNNs and the others in the world basically be led in following Fox".[209]
Within days, it was reported that Fox had been excluded from an interview with administration official Ken Feinberg, with bureau chiefs from the White House press pool (ABC, CBS, NBC, and CNN) coming to Fox's defense.[210] A bureau chief said, "If any member had been excluded it would have been the same thing, it has nothing to do with Fox or the White House or the substance of the issues".[211] Shortly after the story broke, the White House admitted to a low-level mistake, saying Fox had not made a specific request to interview Feinberg. Fox White House correspondent Major Garrett said he had not made a specific request, but had a "standing request from me as senior White House correspondent on Fox to interview any newsmaker at the Treasury at any given time news is being made".[212]
On November 8, 2009, the Los Angeles Times reported an unnamed Democratic consultant was warned by the White House not to appear on Fox News again. According to the article, Anita Dunn claimed in an e-mail to have checked with colleagues who "deal with TV issues" and had been told nobody was instructed to avoid Fox. Patrick Caddell, a Fox News contributor and former pollster for President Jimmy Carter, said he had spoken with other Democratic consultants who had received similar warnings from the White House.[213]
On October 2, 2013, Fox News host Anna Kooiman cited on the air a fake story from the National Report parody site, which claimed Obama had offered to keep the International Museum of Muslim Cultures open with cash from his own pocket.[214][215][216]
Journalistic ethical standards
Fox News attracted controversy in April 2018 when it was revealed primetime host Sean Hannity had defended Michael Cohen on air without disclosing that Cohen was Hannity's lawyer.[217] On April 9, 2018, federal agents from the U.S. Attorney's office served a search warrant on the office and residence of Michael Cohen, Trump's personal attorney.[218] On the air, Hannity defended Cohen and criticized the federal action, calling it "highly questionable" and "an unprecedented abuse of power".[219] On April 16, 2018 in a court hearing, Cohen's lawyers told the judge that Cohen had ten clients in 2017–2018 but did "traditional legal tasks" for only three: Trump, Elliott Broidy, and a "prominent person" who did not wish to be named for fear of being "embarrassed".[220][221][222] The federal judge ordered the revelation of the third client, whom Cohen's lawyers named as Hannity.[220]
Hannity was not sanctioned by Fox News for this breach of journalistic ethics, with Fox News releasing a statement that the channel was unaware of Hannity's relationship to Cohen and that it had "spoken to Sean and he continues to have our full support."[217][223][224][225] Media ethics experts said that Hannity's failure to disclose was a major breach of journalistic ethics and that the network should have suspended or fired him for it.[225]
International transmission
Countries where Fox News is provided
The Fox News Channel feed is available internationally via a number of providers, while Fox Extra segments provide alternate programming.[226]
Fox Extra
Initially, U.S. advertisements were replaced on FNC with viewer e-mail and profiles of FNC anchors set to music. In 2002, these were replaced with international weather forecasts. In 2006, the weather forecasts were replaced with Fox Extra (originally Fox News Extra, prior to the international launch of Fox Business) segments, narrated reports from Fox on a variety of topics. These reports generally concern lighter issues unrelated to current news events, and the segments are repeated. FNC also shows international weather forecasts when Fox Extra segments run short. In the United Kingdom, after a period when local commercials were inserted into breaks, Fox Extra now fills most breaks.[citation needed]
Australia
In Australia, FNC is broadcast on the dominant pay television provider Foxtel, which is 50% owned by News Corp Australia, the Australian arm of News Corp and the sister company of 21st Century Fox which owns FNC. Local cable news channel Sky News Australia is wholly owned by News Corp Australia[227] and is therefore FNC's de facto sister channel, although has formal partnerships with FNC competitor CNN as well as both ABC News and CBS News.[228]
Brazil
Since 2002, FNC has been broadcast to Brazil; however, commercials are replaced with Fox Extra. It is available in packages of Vivo TV.
Canada
Fox had initially planned to launch a joint venture with Canwest's Global Television Network, tentatively named Fox News Canada, which would have featured a mixture of U.S. and Canadian news programming. As a result, the CRTC denied a 2003 application requesting permission for Fox News Channel to be carried in Canada. However, in March 2004, a Fox executive said the venture had been shelved; in November of that year, the CRTC authorized Fox News Channel to be distributed by Canadian cable and satellite providers.[229]
France
Fox News is available on cable through French Internet provider Free on Canal 352. As of Spring 2017, the channel was no longer found on the provider Orange's lineup.[citation needed]
Indonesia
In Indonesia, It is available in Channel 335 in pay TV provider Indovision.
Ireland
Broadcast of FNC in the Republic of Ireland ended in September 2017. Fox News was formerly carried by Sky.[230]
Israel
In Israel, FNC is broadcast on Channel 105 of the satellite provider Yes, as well as being carried on Cellcom TV and Partner TV.[231] It is also broadcast on channel 200 on cable operator HOT.[232]
Italy
In Italy, FNC is broadcast on SKY Italia. Fox news was launched on Stream TV in 2001, and moved to SKY Italia in 2003.
Netherlands
In the Netherlands, Fox News has been carried by cable providers UPC Nederland and CASEMA, and satellite provider Canaldigitaal; all have dropped the channel in recent years. At this time, only cable provider Caiway (available in a limited number of towns in the central part of the country) is broadcasting the channel. The channel is also carried by IPTV provider KNIPPR.
New Zealand
In New Zealand, FNC is broadcast on Channel 088 of pay satellite operator SKY Network Television's digital platform. It was formerly broadcast overnight on free-to-air UHF New Zealand TV channel Prime (owned by SKY); this was discontinued in January 2010, reportedly due to an expiring broadcasting license.[233] Fox News' former parent company News Corporation has a stake in both SKY and Prime.
Pakistan
In Pakistan, Fox News Channel is available on PTCL Smart TV and a number of cable and IPTV operators.
Philippines
In the Philippines, Fox News Channel was available on Cignal Digital TV channel 131.
Scandinavia
Between 2003 and 2006, in Sweden and the other Scandinavian countries, FNC was broadcast 16 hours a day on TV8 (with Fox News Extra segments replacing U.S. advertising). Fox News was dropped by TV8 and replaced by German news channel Deutsche Welle in September 2006.
Singapore
In Singapore, FNC is broadcast on channel 702 on pay cable operator StarHub TV digital platform. It also broadcasts its sister channel, Sky News.
South Africa
In South Africa, FNC is broadcast on channel 261 of pay satellite operator StarSat's digital platform.[234]
The most popular pay television operator, DStv, does not offer FNC in its channel bouquet.[235]
United Kingdom
FNC was also carried in the United Kingdom by Sky, which is 40-percent owned by FNC parent 21st Century Fox and operates its own domestic news channel Sky News. On August 29, 2017, Sky dropped Fox News; the broadcaster said its carriage was not "commercially viable" due to average viewership of fewer than 2,000 viewers per day. The company said the decision was unrelated to 21st Century Fox's proposed acquisition of the remainder of Sky plc, which is currently undergoing a review by regulators. The potential co-ownership had prompted concerns from critics of the deal, who felt Sky News could undergo a shift to an opinionated format with a right-wing viewpoint, similar to Fox News; the channel has violated the Ofcom codes a number of times, including broadcasting analysis of the Brexit vote while polls were still open (a violation of British election laws; the channel was blocked while polls were open during the 2017 general election to comply with these rules), and various violations of a requirement for all news programming to show due impartiality.[236][237][238][239]
Other countries
Fox News is carried in more than 40 other countries. Although service to Japan ceased in summer 2003, it can still be seen on Americable (distributor for American bases),[240] Mediatti (Kadena Air Base)[241] and Pan Global TV Japan.[242]
See also
New York City portal
Companies portal
Television in the United States portal
The Fox Nation
Fox Effect
Fox Music
Fox News Radio
References
Jump up ^ "Where in the World is FOX?". Fox News. 2011-03-01. Retrieved 2018-02-02.
Jump up ^ Mifflin, Lawrie (October 7, 1996). "At the new Fox News Channel, the buzzword is fairness, separating news from bias". The New York Times. Retrieved May 4, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b King, Angela G. (October 7, 1996). "Fox Hunts TV News Niche with Channel Debut Today". New York Daily News.
Jump up ^ Gillette, Felix (October 1, 2008). "Viewers Continuing to Flock to Cable News Networks". The New York Observer.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (February 22, 2015). "List of how many homes each cable network is in as of February 2015". TV by the Numbers. Zap2it. Retrieved March 14, 2015.
Jump up ^ Steinberg, Brian (2018-05-17). "Suzanne Scott Named CEO of Fox News". Variety. Retrieved 2018-05-17.
Jump up ^ "Roger Ailes Resigns From Fox News Amid Sexual Harassment Accusations". Time. July 21, 2016.
"Roger Ailes leaves Fox News in wake of sexual harassment claims". The Guardian. July 21, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c Skocpol, Theda; Williamson, Vanessa (2016-09-01). The Tea Party and the Remaking of Republican Conservatism. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 5, 8, 86, 123, 125, 130–140. ISBN 9780190633660. the challenge of spreading and germinating the Tea Party idea was surmounted with impressive ease because a major sector of the U.S. media today is openly partisan—including Fox News Channel, the right-wing "blogosphere," and a nationwide network of right- wing talk radio programs. This aptly named conservative media "echo chamber" reaches into the homes of many Americans... Towering above all others is the Fox News empire, the loudest voice in conservative media. Despite its claim to be "fair and balanced," multiple studies have documented Fox's conservative stance... Fox News's conservative slant encourages a particular worldview.
^ Jump up to: a b Jamieson, Kathleen Hall; Cappella, Joseph N. (2010-02-04). Echo Chamber: Rush Limbaugh and the Conservative Media Establishment. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195398601. We do this to illustrate the ways Fox News, Limbaugh, and the print and web editorial pages of the Wall Street Journal play both offense and defense in service of conservative objectives. As these case studies will suggest, the big three reinforce each other's conservative messages in ways that distinguish them from the other major broadcast media, CBS, NBC, ABC, CNN, MSNBC, and major print outlets such as the Washington Post and New York Times.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Grossman, Matt; Hopkins, David A. (2016-10-13). Asymmetric Politics: Ideological Republicans and Group Interest Democrats. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. p. 175. ISBN 9780190626600.
^ Jump up to: a b Kludt, Tom. "Fox News has avoided talking about Jared Kushner's security clearance". CNNMoney. Retrieved 2018-02-28. The network claims a uniquely powerful role in the pro-Trump echo chamber, setting the agenda for both the president and his millions of supporters. In this vein, Trump is rarely cast in an unfavorable light and the so called "mainstream media" draws little praise. Bad news, like the one surrounding Kushner, routinely gets glossed over.
Jump up ^ Memmott, Mark (September 2, 2004). "Fox newspeople say allegations of bias unfounded". USA Today. Archived from the original on November 23, 2010. Retrieved August 15, 2009. "White House Escalates War of Words With Fox News". Fox News. October 12, 2009. Archived from the original on November 22, 2010. Retrieved October 12, 2009.
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Jump up ^ "$55.9 Million Fox Film Loss". The New York Times. July 11, 1985. p. D19.
Jump up ^ "Turnaround for Fox Film". Chicago Tribune. July 17, 1986. Section: Business; p. 1. Archived November 5, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Shah, Saeed (September 24, 2002). "Business Analysis: Unstoppable Sky machine rolls on as ITV troubles worsen Dawn Airey's free-to-air television experience will be invaluable to BSkyB as it moves beyond its pay-TV model". The Independent. Section: Business; p. 21.
Jump up ^ Schulberg, Pete. (July 15, 1994) "Fox is a business, if not artistic, success". The Oregonian. Section: Television; Page E1.
Braxton, Greg (April 6, 1997). "How Fox broke from the pack to become cutting-edge network". Chicago Sun-Times.
Jump up ^ Williams, Scott (January 31, 1996). "Murdoch taps Ailes for new network; Former CNBC chief set to direct 24-hour news channel, take on CNN". Associated Press.
Jump up ^ Mifflin, Lawrie (October 7, 1996). "At the new Fox News Channel, the buzzword is fairness, separating news from bias". The New York Times. Retrieved May 2, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Fox News Channel". News Corporation. April 18, 2008. Archived from the original on November 23, 2010. Retrieved April 21, 2008.
Jump up ^ Richard Katz (May 1996). "Bold grab for subs: Murdoch offers $11 to carry Fox News". Multichannel News. Archived from the original on November 23, 2010. Retrieved September 1, 2010.
Jump up ^ Landler, Mark (October 4, 1996). "Giuliani Pressures Time Warner to Transmit a Fox Channel". The New York Times. Retrieved May 2, 2010.
Jump up ^ Levy, Clifford J. (October 5, 1996). "City Hall Threatens Action if Time Warner Rejects Channel". The New York Times. Retrieved May 2, 2010.
Jump up ^ Dudak, Gary (September 11, 2012). "11 Direct Effects 9/11 Had on the Sports and Entertainment Industries". Mandatory.com. Archived from the original on September 20, 2012. Retrieved September 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ "ITN Archive Becomes ITN Source – Member News – News & Journal – FOCAL International". www.focalint.org. Retrieved 2017-04-28.
Jump up ^ Stelter, Brian. "Fox's Volley With Obama Intensifying." NYT. Oct.11, 2009. Retrieved via nytimes.com on Nov.16, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Multichannel News April 29, 2008 Fox News to make HD bow with Time Warner". Multichannel.com. Archived from the original on November 23, 2010. Retrieved August 15, 2009.
Jump up ^ Christians, Clifford G.; Fackler, Mark; Richardson, Kathy Brittain; Kreshel, Peggy; Woods, Robert H. (2016-10-04). Media Ethics: Cases and Moral Reasoning. Routledge. ISBN 9781134841561.
Jump up ^ "Privacy Policy". Fox News. 2013-07-01. Retrieved 2013-10-20.
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Jump up ^ "For Talking Heads, a Spot to Relax and Sip Coffee, on Webcam " The New York Times. February 15, 2009.
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^ Jump up to: a b c d e Concha, Joe (March 27, 2017). "Fox News signs Federalist's Mollie Hemingway". The Hill.
Jump up ^ "Nigel Farage hired by Fox News as a political analyst". BBC. 20 January 2017. Retrieved 21 January 2017.
Jump up ^ Feldman, Josh (March 1, 2016). "Fox News Contributor Mary Katharine Ham Jumps to CNN, Makes Debut with Tapper". Mediaite. Retrieved March 12, 2017.
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Jump up ^ "Press Accuracy Rating Hits Two-Decade Low". Archived from the original on November 23, 2010. Retrieved September 16, 2009.
Jump up ^ Fox News' Credibility Declines Public Policy Polling February 6, 2013
Jump up ^ Michael O'Connell (October 23, 2012). "Final Debate Breaks Fox News Ratings Record With 11.5 Million, Topping Cable Competition". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved September 30, 2014.
Patten, Dominic. "UPDATE: 59.2M Watch Final Presidential Debate; NBC Wins Coverage Battle". Deadline.
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Jump up ^ "Fox News Tops All Cable For 1st Time Since 2005". Deadline. April 23, 2007. Retrieved September 30, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Fox News Channel Tops Cable News Ratings In January – Deadline". Deadline. January 28, 2014. Retrieved September 30, 2014.
Jump up ^ Michael O'Connell (September 30, 2014). "Fox News Nabs Historic Cable Ratings Victory". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved September 30, 2014.
Jump up ^ Zurawik, David (17 November 2014). "New level of Fox News dominance demands analysis, not dismissal". Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
Jump up ^ Bauder, David (7 August 2015). "Fox's GOP debate had record 24 million viewers". Money.CNN. Retrieved 8 August 2015.
Jump up ^ Carter, Bill (July 22, 2013). "Fox Viewers May Be Graying, but Their Passion Still Pays". The New York Times.
Jump up ^ Saba, Jennifer (4 April 2017). "Fox Scandals May Weaken Murdochs' TV Future". The New York Times. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "In Changing News Landscape, Even Television is Vulnerable. Trends in News Consumption: 1991–2012." Pew Research Center, Washington, D.C. (September 27, 2012). http://www.people-press.org/2012/09/27/section-4-demographics-and-political-views-of-news-audiences/.
Jump up ^ Saad, Lydia (July 8, 2013). "TV Is Americans' Main Source of News". Gallup. Retrieved August 10, 2018. Two-thirds of core Fox News viewers identify themselves as Republican, and 94% either identify as or lean Republican.
^ Jump up to: a b Michael M. Grynbaum (June 14, 2017). "Fox News Drops 'Fair and Balanced' Motto". The New York Times. Retrieved 2017-06-15.
^ Jump up to: a b "Fox News no longer "fair and balanced" as network sheds longtime slogan". Salon. Retrieved 16 June 2017.
Jump up ^ de Moraes, Lisa (August 12, 2003). Three Little Words: Fox News Sues. The Washington Post
Jump up ^ Phil Hirschkorn (August 22, 2003). Fox News loses attempt to block satirist's book. CNN
Jump up ^ Coyle, Jake (July 19, 2004). Advocacy Groups Challenge Fox News Slogan. Associated Press
Jump up ^ Official Documentation of Petitioned Cancellation of "Fair & Balanced" trademark phrase, Trademark Trial and Appeal Board Inquiry System
Jump up ^ "Fox News drops 'fair and balanced' slogan without announcement". BBC News. 15 June 2017. Retrieved 15 June 2017.
Jump up ^ "Fox News Debuts New Slogan: 'Real News. Real Honest Opinion.'". The Daily Beast. 2018-03-12. Retrieved 2018-03-14.
Jump up ^ Balluck, Kyle (2018-03-12). "Fox News launching new ad campaign: 'Real news. Real honest opinion'". TheHill. Retrieved 2018-03-14.
Jump up ^ https://www.facebook.com/erik.wemple. "Opinion - Why has Fox News abandoned Benghazi?". Washington Post. Retrieved August 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ "REPORT: Fox's Benghazi Obsession By The Numbers". September 9, 2014. Retrieved August 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Whatever happened to the Benghazi investigation?". Fox News. June 29, 2018. Retrieved August 3, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Hannity: Uranium One Deal 'One of the Biggest Scandals in American History'". October 26, 2017. Retrieved August 3, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Study: Fox spent nearly 12 hours pushing the Uranium One pseudoscandal over the last three weeks". November 8, 2017. Retrieved August 3, 2018.
Jump up ^ Factbase. "Donald Trump Complete - Search Tweets, Speeches, Policies - Factbase". Factbase. Retrieved August 3, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Fox News's Shepard Smith debunks his network's favorite Hillary Clinton 'scandal,' infuriates viewers". Washington Post. Retrieved August 3, 2018.
Jump up ^ fb (November 15, 2017). "Fox News Reports: Sean Hannity Is a Liar". Retrieved August 3, 2018 – via YouTube.
Jump up ^ "Fox News fight: Shepard Smith, Sean Hannity trade insults". Retrieved August 3, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Shepard Smith on Fox News 'Opinion Programming': Shows Exist 'Strictly to Be Entertaining'". www.mediaite.com. Retrieved August 3, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Azari, Julia (2016). "How the News Media Helped to Nominate Trump". Political Communication: 678–679. doi:10.1080/10584609.2016.1224417. It makes sense to consider whether conservative media (namely, Fox News) function in this institutional capacity
Jump up ^ Berry, Jeffrey M.; Sobieraj, Sarah (2014). The Outrage Industry: Political Opinion Media and the New Incivility. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 110–111. ISBN 9780199928972. As trade publication Broadcasting & Cable put it, Fox has created "a clear and strong brand, and an unwavering commitment to stick with it. Viewers, advertisers and cable operators all know what they’re getting."48 "Unwavering" is apt; no matter how much it is criticized for the ideological nature of its content, Fox remains unbowed. It continues to deliver a strong conservative perspective throughout its programming... over the years Fox has actually moved further to the right
^ Jump up to: a b c DellaVigna, Stefano; Kaplan, Ethan (2007-08-01). "The Fox News Effect: Media Bias and Voting". The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 122 (3): 1187–1234. doi:10.1162/qjec.122.3.1187. ISSN 0033-5533. the conservative Fox News Channel
Jump up ^ Hemmer, Nicole (2016). "Messengers of the Right". University of Pennsylvania Press.
^ Jump up to: a b Rydgren, Jens (2018). The Oxford Handbook of the Radical Right. Oxford University Press. p. 273. ISBN 9780190274559. the way the conservative media, especially Fox News, reported on the initial Tea Party demonstrations illuminates the momentum the media can give to a start-up movement. Fox became an amplifier of Tea Party activism and rhetoric, giving national momentum to its predominantly local demonstrations
Jump up ^ Paul La Monica (2009). Inside Rupert's Brain. Peter Lang. p. 5. ISBN 1101016590.
^ Jump up to: a b Bernstein, Jonathan. "Articles by Jonathan Bernstein – Bloomberg View". Retrieved 2018-05-11.
^ Jump up to: a b "Fox adds another pro-Trump host". POLITICO. Retrieved 2017-11-22.
Jump up ^ Grossman, Matt; Hopkins, David A. (2016-10-13). Asymmetric Politics: Ideological Republicans and Group Interest Democrats. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 158–159. ISBN 9780190626600.
Jump up ^ Jamieson, Kathleen Hall; Cappella, Joseph N. (2010-02-04). Echo Chamber: Rush Limbaugh and the Conservative Media Establishment. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. p. 5. ISBN 9780195398601.
Jump up ^ Major, Mark; Andersen, David J. (2016-10-27). "Polls and Elections: Swift Boating Reconsidered: News Coverage of Negative Presidential Ads". Presidential Studies Quarterly. 46 (4): 891–910. doi:10.1111/psq.12324. ISSN 0360-4918.
Jump up ^ Skinner, Richard M. (2005-01-10). "Do 527's Add Up to a Party? Thinking About the "Shadows" of Politics". The Forum. 3 (3). doi:10.2202/1540-8884.1098. ISSN 1540-8884.
^ Jump up to: a b Grossman, Matt; Hopkins, David A. (2016-10-13). Asymmetric Politics: Ideological Republicans and Group Interest Democrats. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 178–179. ISBN 9780190626600.
Jump up ^ Berry, Jeffrey M.; Sobieraj, Sarah (2014). The Outrage Industry: Political Opinion Media and the New Incivility. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 156–160. ISBN 9780199928972.
Jump up ^ "Crashing the Tea Party: Mass Media and the Campaign to Remake American Politics (e-Book) – Routledge". Routledge.com. pp. 139–141.
Jump up ^ "Understanding the Tea Party Movement (e-Book) – Routledge". Routledge.com. pp. 41–42.
Jump up ^ Populism: A Very Short Introduction. Very Short Introductions. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. 2017. p. 114. ISBN 9780190234874.
^ Jump up to: a b "Fox, facing new competitors, clings tighter to Trump". POLITICO. Retrieved 2017-11-09.
Jump up ^ Poniewozik, James (2017-11-10). "President Trump Finds His TV Niche in Softball Interviews". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-11-10.
Jump up ^ "Donald Trump's attacks on the media may have backfired". The Economist. 2018-07-30.
^ Jump up to: a b Grynbaum, Michael M. (2017-11-12). "A Rightward Tilt and Big Ratings at Fox News". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-11-13.
Jump up ^ "Fox News website beefs up and 'goes a little Breitbart'". POLITICO. Retrieved 2017-12-23.
Jump up ^ Darcy, Oliver. "Pro-Trump media sweeps Stormy Daniels story under rug". CNNMoney. Retrieved 2018-03-08.
Jump up ^ Groeling, Tim (2008-12-01). "Who's the Fairest of them All? An Empirical Test for Partisan Bias on ABC, CBS, NBC, and Fox News". Presidential Studies Quarterly. 38 (4): 631–657. doi:10.1111/j.1741-5705.2008.02668.x. ISSN 1741-5705.
Jump up ^ Baum, Matthew A.; Groeling, Tim (2009). "Shot by the Messenger: Partisan Cues and Public Opinion regarding National Security and War". Political Behavior. 31 (2): 157–186. doi:10.2307/40213343. JSTOR 40213343.
Jump up ^ Aday, S. (2010), "Chasing the bad news: An analysis of 2005 Iraq and Afghanistan war coverage on NBC and Fox News channel", Journal of Communication 60 (1), pp. 144–164
^ Jump up to: a b J., Martin, Gregory; Ali, Yurukoglu, (2017). "Bias in Cable News: Persuasion and Polarization". American Economic Review. 107 (9). doi:10.1257/aer.20160812&etoc=1. ISSN 0002-8282.
^ Jump up to: a b Clinton, Joshua D.; Enamorado, Ted (2014-10-01). "The National News Media's Effect on Congress: How Fox News Affected Elites in Congress". The Journal of Politics. 76 (4): 928–943. doi:10.1017/S0022381614000425. ISSN 0022-3816.
^ Jump up to: a b Schroeder, Elizabeth; Stone, Daniel F. (2015-06-01). "Fox News and political knowledge". Journal of Public Economics. 126: 52–63. doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2015.03.009.
Jump up ^ Hopkins, Daniel J. (2014-03-11). "The Consequences of Broader Media Choice: Evidence from the Expansion of Fox News". Quarterly Journal of Political Science. 9 (1): 115–135. doi:10.1561/100.00012099. ISSN 1554-0626.
Jump up ^ Interview transcript: Rupert Murdoch and Roger Ailes, Financial Times, October 6, 2006
News Corp denies Fox News bias Australian Associated Press, October 26, 2004
Interview transcript: Rupert Murdoch and Roger Ailes, Financial Times, October 6, 2006
Jump up ^ "Exclusive: Jon Stewart on 'Fox News Sunday' | Fox News Video". Video.foxnews.com. 2011-06-19. Retrieved 2013-10-20.
David Corn. "Did Chris Wallace Really Say Fox News Isn't Fair and Balanced?". Mother Jones. Retrieved 2013-10-20.
Garth Johnston (June 21, 2011). "Jon Stewart: Chris Wallace Admitted Fox News Was Unbalanced". Gothamist. Archived from the original on February 24, 2015. Retrieved October 20, 2013.
"Jon Stewart Dissects Chris Wallace's Fox News Logic – Erik Hayden". The Atlantic Wire. 2011-06-21. Retrieved 2013-10-20.
Jump up ^ Kurtz, Howard (July 11, 2004), "Tilting at the Right, Leaning to the Left", The Washington Post, pp. D01
Jump up ^ Clifford G. Christians; Mark Fackler; Kathy Richardson (2015). Media Ethics: Cases and Moral Reasoning. Routledge. p. 33. ISBN 978-1-317-34652-4.
Jump up ^ "Leaked Fox News Memo Reveals News Division Told To Echo GOP Talking Point, Business Insider, December 9, 2010". Business Insider. December 9, 2010. Retrieved September 30, 2014.
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Jump up ^ "Bottom-Line Pressures Now Hurting Coverage, Say Journalists: Overview – Pew Research Center for the People & the Press". Pew Research Center for the People and the Press. May 23, 2004. Retrieved September 30, 2014.
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Jump up ^ David Carr, "Election News Over Agenda for Fox", The New York Times, 11 November 2012.
Jump up ^ Cox, Jeff (May 19, 2017). "Trump Press Coverage 'Sets New Standard' for Negativity: Study". CNBC. Retrieved May 24, 2017.
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^ Jump up to: a b Grynbaum, Michael M. (2017-03-17). "Fox's Andrew Napolitano Stirred the Pot for Trump's British Tempest". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-03-21.
Jump up ^ Napolitano, Andrew (2017-03-16). "Andrew Napolitano: Did Obama spy on Trump?". Fox News. Retrieved 2017-03-21.
^ Jump up to: a b Baker, Peter; Erlanger, Steven (2017-03-17). "Trump Offers No Apology for Claim on British Spying". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-03-21.
Jump up ^ Battaglio, Stephen (2017-03-20). "Fox News pulls Judge Napolitano over his Trump wiretap claims". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved 2017-03-21.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "New Fox chief cracks down on inflammatory statements". POLITICO. Retrieved 2018-06-28.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Rosenberg, Eli (2017-10-31). "'This is a nothing burger': How conservative media reacted to the Mueller indictments". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2017-10-31.
Jump up ^ "Opinion | The Fox News-Murdoch effect: Mueller must resign! Or be fired!". Washington Post. Retrieved 2017-10-31.
^ Jump up to: a b Kludt, Tom. "How Fox News is covering the toughest day of the Trump presidency". CNNMoney. Retrieved 2017-10-31.
Jump up ^ "Trump allies can't stop accidentally referring to Hillary Clinton's nonexistent administration". Business Insider. Retrieved 2017-10-31.
Jump up ^ "Fox News host Sean Hannity has Twitter meltdown after report of Robert Mueller's first charges in the Russia probe". Business Insider. Retrieved 2017-10-31.
Jump up ^ Lizza, Ryan (2017-10-28). "As Mueller Pushes Ahead, Trump Distracts". The New Yorker. ISSN 0028-792X. Retrieved 2017-10-31.
Jump up ^ "'I want to quit': Fox News employees say their network's Russia coverage was 'an embarrassment'". CNNMoney. Retrieved 2017-10-31.
Jump up ^ "'I'm watching now and screaming': Fox News employees anonymously trash the network's Russia coverage". Business Insider. Retrieved 2017-10-31.
Jump up ^ Peters, Jeremy W. (2017-11-03). "Alternative Narrative Emerges in Conservative Media as Russia Inquiry Widens". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-11-04.
Jump up ^ "Opinion | The GOP strategy on the Russia scandal: 'No puppet. You're the puppet.'". Washington Post. Retrieved 2017-10-31.
Jump up ^ "Trump's former campaign head was indicted and Fox News talked about cheeseburger emojis". Vox. Retrieved 2017-10-31.
Jump up ^ Mehta, Dhrumil (2017-11-06). "All The Cable News Networks Are Covering The 'Russia Story' — Just Not The Same One". FiveThirtyEight. Retrieved 2017-11-07.
Jump up ^ "A week of Fox News transcripts shows how they began questioning Mueller's credibility". Vox. Retrieved 2017-11-01.
^ Jump up to: a b "The media today: Fox News's intensifying anti-Mueller rhetoric raises concerns". Columbia Journalism Review. Retrieved 2017-12-18.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Schmidt, Samantha (2017-12-18). "A 'coup in America?' Fox News escalates anti-Mueller rhetoric". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2017-12-18.
Jump up ^ Beavers, Olivia (2017-12-17). "Fox News host called 'irresponsible' after suggesting US facing a 'coup' from Mueller". TheHill. Retrieved 2017-12-18.
Jump up ^ Hart, Benjamin. "Jesse Watters Says We May 'Have a Coup on Our Hands in America'". Daily Intelligencer. Retrieved 2017-12-18.
Jump up ^ Borchers, Callum (2017-12-18). "Analysis | Trump gets conflicting advice about firing Mueller from Sean Hannity and 'Fox & Friends'". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2017-12-18.
Jump up ^ Bowden, John (2017-12-19). "Fox guest floats possibility of FBI assassination plot against Trump". TheHill. Retrieved 2017-12-19.
Jump up ^ Swenson, Kyle (December 20, 2017). "Fox News contributor, channeling Alex Jones, suggests FBI plot to assassinate Trump" – via www.washingtonpost.com.
Jump up ^ "Trump Is Sabotaging the Russia Investigation—With Fox News' Help". New Republic. Retrieved 2017-12-18.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Jake Tapper slams Fox News for misrepresenting comments about New York City terror attack". Business Insider. Retrieved November 2, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Jake Tapper feuds with Fox News, Sean Hannity over 'Allahu Akbar' comments". Philly.com. Retrieved November 2, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Balluck, Kyle (2017-11-02). "Tapper hits Fox, Hannity over 'Allahu Akbar' comments after NY terror attack". TheHill. Retrieved November 2, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Gordon, Michael R. (July 23, 2017). "How Trump Got It Wrong in Saying The Times 'Foiled' Killing of ISIS Leader". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 24, 2017.
"NY Times requests Fox News apology for 'malicious and inaccurate segment'". The Guardian. Associated Press. July 24, 2017. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved July 24, 2017.
Disis, Jill (July 24, 2017). "Why The New York Times wants an apology from Fox News". CNNMoney. Retrieved July 24, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Bromwich, Jonah Engel (July 24, 2017). "New York Times Asks Fox for Apology After 'Inaccurate Segment'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ Wemple, Erik (July 24, 2017). "'Fox & Friends' issues 'update' on New York Times-ISIS flap. No apology". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 24, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Feldman, Lauren; Maibach, Edward W.; Roser-Renouf, Connie; Leiserowitz, Anthony (2012-01-01). "Climate on Cable: The Nature and Impact of Global Warming Coverage on Fox News, CNN, and MSNBC". The International Journal of Press/Politics. 17 (1): 3–31. doi:10.1177/1940161211425410. ISSN 1940-1612.
Jump up ^ "'Fox & Friends' Slam SpongeBob SquarePants' 'Global Warming Agenda' (Video)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2018-02-09.
^ Jump up to: a b McKnight, David (2010-12-01). "A change in the climate? The journalism of opinion at News Corporation". Journalism. 11 (6): 693–706. doi:10.1177/1464884910379704. ISSN 1464-8849.
Jump up ^ "Climate change heats up again". tribunedigital-chicagotribune. Retrieved 2017-10-16.
Jump up ^ Dryzek, John S.; Norgaard, Richard B.; Schlosberg, David (2011-08-18). The Oxford Handbook of Climate Change and Society. OUP Oxford. ISBN 9780199566600.
Jump up ^ "Fox News actually acknowledged that climate change is real". Vox. Retrieved 2017-06-02.
Jump up ^ Nuccitelli, Dana (2015-08-17). "Fox News' inner struggle with climate misinformation". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2017-06-02.
Jump up ^ "Fox News viewers are gunning for Shep Smith. How will Fox News respond?". 2017-03-23. Retrieved 2017-06-02.
Jump up ^ Farhi, Paul; Farhi, Paul (2017-03-21). "Shepard Smith, the Fox News anchorman who drives the Fox News faithful crazy". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2017-06-02.
^ Jump up to: a b "FACT CHECK: Did DNC Staffer Seth Rich Send 'Thousands of E-Mails' to WikiLeaks Before He Was Murdered?". Snopes.com. 2017-05-16. Retrieved 2017-05-16.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "DNC staffer's murder draws fresh conspiracy theories". NBC News. Retrieved 2017-05-16.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Family of slain Seth Rich says reports that he fed DNC info to WikiLeaks are untrue". Washington Post. Retrieved 2017-05-16.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Darcy, Oliver (2017-05-16). "Story on DNC staffer's murder dominated conservative media -- hours later it fell apart". CNNMoney. Retrieved 2017-05-17.
Jump up ^ Washington newsroom (6 Jan 2017). "U.S. intel report identifies Russians who gave emails to WikiLeaks -officials". Reuters. Retrieved 3 July 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Darcy, Oliver. "Family of slain Democratic staffer Seth Rich sues Fox News". CNNMoney. Retrieved 2018-03-14.
^ Jump up to: a b c Bromwich, Jonah Engel (2017-05-17). "How the Murder of a D.N.C. Staffer Fueled Conspiracy Theories". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-05-17.
Jump up ^ Darcy, Oliver (2017-05-17). "Family of slain DNC staffer demands retraction and apology from Fox News, local TV station". CNNMoney. Retrieved 2017-05-17.
Jump up ^ Waldron, Travis (2017-05-18). "Fox Stands By DNC Murder Conspiracy Theory Even After Main Source Changes Story". Huffington Post. Retrieved 2017-05-18.
Jump up ^ "Trump first budget relies on rosy forecasts and deep cuts to anti-poverty programs". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved 2017-05-23.
Jump up ^ Hemmer, Nicole (May 23, 2017). "The Breitbartization of Fox News". US News.
Jump up ^ "The Seth Rich 'Scandal' Shows That Fox News Is Morally Bankrupt". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 2017-05-23.
Jump up ^ "Prime-Time Conspiracy Theory". Weekly Standard. 2017-05-26. Retrieved 2017-05-27.
Jump up ^ "The Facts of the Seth Rich Murder That Don't Support Conspiracy Theories". National Review. Retrieved 2017-05-27.
Jump up ^ "The Seth Rich Conspiracy Theory Is Shameful Nonsense". National Review. Retrieved 2017-05-27.
Jump up ^ Rubin, Jennifer; Rubin, Jennifer (2017-05-24). "Questions Fox and the right need to answer". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2017-05-27.
Jump up ^ Gerson, Michael; Gerson, Michael (2017-05-25). "The conservative mind has become diseased". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2017-05-29.
Jump up ^ "The Shameless Conspiracy Theorizing Involving Seth Rich Must Stop". Commentary Magazine. 2017-05-23. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
^ Jump up to: a b Grynbaum, Michael M. (2017-08-15). "'Wow': Stunned TV Hosts Reacted in Real Time to Trump". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-08-16.
^ Jump up to: a b "In conservative media, an amen chorus defends Trump's comments on Charlottesville violence". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2017-08-18.
^ Jump up to: a b c Byers, Dylan (2017-08-16). "After Trump's Charlottesville remarks, Fox News focuses on the left and the media". CNNMoney. Retrieved 2017-08-16.
Jump up ^ "Trump Cribbed His Charlottesville Press Conference Straight From Fox News". WIRED. Retrieved 2017-08-16.
^ Jump up to: a b "Why the conspiracy theories about George Soros don't stack up". Channel 4 News. Retrieved 2018-05-31.
^ Jump up to: a b c Selk, Avi (2018-05-30). "Debunking the George Soros-was-a-Jew-killing-Nazi conspiracy theory that Roseanne Barr spreads". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2018-05-31.
^ Jump up to: a b Mirkinson, Jack (2010-11-11). "ADL Condemns Glenn Beck For 'Offensive,' 'Horrific' Attacks On George Soros (VIDEO)". Huffington Post. Retrieved 2018-05-31.
Jump up ^ "Was George Soros an SS Officer or Nazi Collaborator During World War II?".
Jump up ^ Stelter, Brian (2010-11-11). "Glenn Beck's Remarks About George Soros Criticized by A.D.L." The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-05-31.
Jump up ^ Adams, Richard (2010-11-18). "Fox News chief Roger Ailes apologises after describing NPR as 'Nazis' | Richard Adams". the Guardian. Retrieved 2018-05-31.
Jump up ^ "Fox News Turmoil Highlights Workplace Culture's Role In Sexual Harassment". NPR.org. Retrieved 2017-04-27.
"Fox Will Pay Gretchen Carlson $20 Million To Settle Sexual Harassment Suit". NPR.org. Retrieved 2017-04-27.
"Roger Ailes Resigns as Fox News Chief After Sexual Harassment Accusations". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2017-04-27.
Ember, Sydney (2017-04-25). "11 Sue Fox News, Citing 'Intolerable' Racial Bias". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-04-27.
Steel, Emily; Schmidt, Michael S. (2017-04-19). "Bill O'Reilly Is Forced Out at Fox News". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-04-28.
Jump up ^ Grynbaum, Michael M.; Steel, Emily (2017-04-27). "Sean Hannity Defends Executive as Fox News Turmoil Continues". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-10-12.
Jump up ^ "Sean Hannity Defends Boss, Says Ouster Would Be End of Fox News". Bloomberg.com. 2017-04-28. Retrieved 2017-10-12.
Jump up ^ Gabbatt, Adam (2017-05-25). "Sean Hannity targets media watchdog amid questions over future at Fox News". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2017-10-13.
Jump up ^ "Murdoch: Sexual harassment allegations against Fox News 'largely political'". POLITICO. Retrieved 2017-12-15.
^ Jump up to: a b c Steel, Emily; Schmidt, Michael S. (2017-10-21). "Bill O'Reilly Settled New Harassment Claim, Then Fox Renewed His Contract". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-10-28.
Jump up ^ "O'Reilly and Kelly clash over sex claims". BBC News. 2017-10-24. Retrieved 2017-10-28.
Jump up ^ Ruddick, Graham (2017-11-08). "Fox News' Bill O'Reilly's contract 'shielded him from sex claims sacking'". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2017-11-09.
^ Jump up to: a b "Fox News has spent 35× more time on Weinstein than O'Reilly". Axios. 2017-10-27. Retrieved 2017-10-28.
^ Jump up to: a b c Bauder, David. "12 hours vs. 20 minutes: Fox News focuses on Weinstein harassment, ignoring O'Reilly". chicagotribune.com. Retrieved 2017-10-28.
Jump up ^ "Fox News host Sean Hannity: 'I was not totally clear' while defending Roy Moore over sexual misconduct report". Business Insider. Retrieved 2017-11-10.
Jump up ^ Madani, Doha (2017-11-10). "Fox News Forgets Its Own Sexual Harassment Problem And Again Attacks Victims". Huffington Post. Retrieved 2017-11-10.
Jump up ^ Obeidallah, Dean. "SNL gets tough on Roy Moore, Fox News defends him". CNN. Retrieved 2017-11-13.
Jump up ^ "No, Roy Moore accuser didn't admit she forged signature". @politifact. Retrieved 2017-12-09.
^ Jump up to: a b "Sean Hannity has message for Roger Ailes' enemies". Retrieved 2017-10-12.
Jump up ^ Lejeune, Tristan (2017-09-26). "Hannity to host O'Reilly Tuesday on Fox News". TheHill. Retrieved 2017-10-12.
^ Jump up to: a b c Darcy, Oliver. "Bill O'Reilly appears on Fox News for first time since his ouster". CNNMoney. Retrieved 2017-10-12.
Jump up ^ "Bill O'Reilly returns to Fox as Sean Hannity's guest". USA TODAY. Retrieved 2017-10-12.
Jump up ^ "Sean Hannity goes on 10-minute rant about left's 'hypocrisy' on Harvey Weinstein, 2 weeks after having Bill O'Reilly on his show". Business Insider. Retrieved 2017-10-12.
Jump up ^ Stelter, Brian (October 12, 2009). "Fox's Volley With Obama Intensifying". The New York Times. Retrieved May 2, 2010.
Jump up ^ "White House: Fox Pushed Team Obama Over the Brink – US News and World Report". Usnews.com. October 23, 2009. Archived from the original on November 23, 2010. Retrieved July 29, 2010.
Jump up ^ "The Fox News war: What's the upside for Obama?". CSMonitor.com. Archived from the original on November 23, 2010. Retrieved October 23, 2009.
Jump up ^ Rutenberg, Jim (October 23, 2009). "Behind the War Between White House and Fox". The New York Times. Retrieved May 2, 2010.
Jump up ^ "President Obama's Feud with FOX News – CBS Evening News". CBS News. October 23, 2009. Archived from the original on November 23, 2010. Retrieved July 29, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Obama's misguided Fox hunt". Los Angeles Times. October 24, 2009. Archived from the original on November 23, 2010. Retrieved May 2, 2010.
Jump up ^ Rutenberg, Jim (October 23, 2009). "Behind the War Between White House and Fox". The New York Times. Retrieved May 2, 2010.
Jump up ^ Christina Bellantoni (October 23, 2009). "WH: We're Happy To Exclude Fox, But Didn't Yesterday With Feinberg Interview | TPMDC". Tpmdc.talkingpointsmemo.com. Archived from the original on November 23, 2010. Retrieved July 29, 2010.
Jump up ^ Krakauer, Steve (October 27, 2009). "Finally Resolved? Major Garrett Reveals His Side of Pay Czar-Gate". Mediaite. Archived from the original on November 23, 2010. Retrieved January 18, 2015.
Jump up ^ Nicholas, Peter (November 8, 2009). "Democratic consultant says he got a warning from White House after appearing on Fox News". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on November 23, 2010. Retrieved May 2, 2010.
Jump up ^ Eric Pfeiffer. "Fox News mistakenly airs parody of Obama offering to personally fund Muslim museum". Yahoo! News.
Jump up ^ Max Rivlin-Nadler. "Fox News Falls For Fake Story Claiming Obama is Funding Muslim Museum". Gawker. Archived from the original on October 5, 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2013.
Jump up ^ Barbara Mikkelson. "Museum Peace". Snopes. Retrieved 6 October 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Grynbaum, Michael M.; Koblin, John (2018-04-17). "No Disclosure? No Problem. Sean Hannity Gets a Pass at Fox News". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-04-28.
Jump up ^ Strobel, Warren; Walcott, John (April 10, 2018). "FBI raids offices, home of Trump's personal lawyer: sources". Reuters. Retrieved April 10, 2018.
Jump up ^ Winter, Tom; Edelman, Adam (April 16, 2018). "Fox News host Sean Hannity revealed as Michael Cohen's mystery client". NBC News. Retrieved April 16, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Miller, Hayley; Blumberg, Antonia. "Identity Of Michael Cohen's 'Mystery' Client Revealed As Sean Hannity". HuffPost. Retrieved April 17, 2018.
Jump up ^ Pierson, Brendan; Freifeld, Karen; Stempel, Jonathan. "Fox's Hannity revealed as mystery client of Trump's personal lawyer". Reuters. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
Jump up ^ Feuer, Alan; Grynbaum, Michael; Koblin, John. "Sean Hannity Is Named as Client of Michael Cohen, Trump's Lawyer". The New York Times. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
Jump up ^ Costa, Robert; Ellison, Sarah; Dawsey, Josh (2018-04-17). "Hannity's rising role in Trump's world: 'He basically has a desk in the place'". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2018-04-28.
Jump up ^ "Cohen controversy tests Hannity's Teflon Sean reputation". POLITICO. Retrieved 2018-04-28.
^ Jump up to: a b Breuninger, Kevin (2018-04-17). "Fox News gives Sean Hannity 'full support' as critics slam him for hiding link to Trump lawyer". CNBC. Retrieved 2018-04-28.
Jump up ^ "Fox Around the World". Fox News.com. Fox News Channel. March 6, 2012. Retrieved May 7, 2012.
Jump up ^ "News Corp buys Sky News in Australia and New Zealand from Seven and Nine". The Sydney Morning Herald. 1 December 2016. Retrieved 1 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "News Limited seals pay TV deal after Federal Court approves CMH takeover". The Australian. 2 November 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2012.
Jump up ^ "CRTC approves Fox News for Canada". CBC News. November 18, 2004. Archived from the original on November 23, 2010. Retrieved August 27, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Fox News fears could kill Rupert Murdoch's $15 billion Sky deal". WPLG. September 12, 2017. Archived from the original on September 13, 2017. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "ערוצי הטלוויזיה של סלקום tv – כל הערוצים שצריך במקום אחד". CellcomTV.Cellcom.co.il. Retrieved December 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ "HOT channel listing". Archived from the original on August 13, 2017. Retrieved September 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Why is Fox News no longer airing on Prime?". skytv.co.nz. January 26, 2001. Retrieved August 27, 2010.
Jump up ^ "TopTV – Bouquet Channels". toptv.co.za. Archived from the original on May 1, 2010.
Jump up ^ "DStv Channels". DStv. 6 May 2018. Archived from the original on 2015-04-05.
Jump up ^ editor, Graham Ruddick Media (2017-11-06). "Fox News shows broke UK TV impartiality rules, Ofcom finds". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2017-11-07.
Jump up ^ Sweney, Mark; Ruddick, Graham (2017-08-29). "Sky stops broadcasting rightwing US channel Fox News in UK". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2017-08-29.
Jump up ^ "Fox News Stops Airing in U.K.: A Look at Ofcom Rulings Against It". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2017-08-30.
Jump up ^ "Sky stops broadcasting Fox News in UK". BBC News. 2017-08-29. Retrieved 2017-08-29.
Jump up ^ "Americable". Archived from the original on November 23, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Mediatti". Archived from the original on January 19, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Pan Global TV Japan". Archived from the original on November 23, 2010.
Further reading
Cassino, Dan (2016). Fox News and American Politics: How One Channel Shapes American Politics and Society. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-47999-4.
Hopkins, Daniel J.; Ladd, Jonathan M. (March 2014). "The consequences of broader media choice: evidence from the expansion of Fox News". Quarterly Journal of Political Science. Now Publishing Inc. 9 (1): 115–135. doi:10.1561/100.00012099.
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fox_News&oldid=854642672"
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https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_News
Fox News – Old English
ang
ang
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values: فوكس نيوز – Arabic

values: ফক্স নিউজ – Bangla

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https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_News
Fox News – Czech
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https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_News
Fox News – Greek
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https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_News
Fox News – Spanish
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https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_News
Fox News – Esperanto
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eo
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values: فاکس نیوز – Persian

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values: 폭스 뉴스 채널 – Korean

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interlanguage-link interwiki-ko
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values: फॉक्स न्यूज चैनल – Hindi

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interlanguage-link interwiki-it
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values: פוקס ניוז – Hebrew

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interlanguage-link interwiki-he
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https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_News
Fox News – Kazakh
kk
kk
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interlanguage-link interwiki-kk
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https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_News
Fox News – Romanian
ro
ro
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values: ఫాక్స్ న్యూస్ ఛానెల్ – Telugu

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https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_News
Fox News – Vietnamese
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vi
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interlanguage-link interwiki-vi
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https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_News
Fox News – Yiddish
yi
yi
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values: 福斯新聞頻道 – Chinese

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

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