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Lagos
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This article is about the city, officially known as Lagos Metropolitan Area. For the Nigerian state which contains Lagos Metropolitan Area, see Lagos State. For the Portuguese city, see Lagos, Portugal. For other uses, see Lagos (disambiguation).
Lagos
Èkó
Metropolis
Lagos Metropolitan Area
Ìlú Èkó (Yoruba)
Skyline of Lagos
Nickname(s): Eko akete, Lasgidi[1][2]
Motto: Èkó ò ní bàjé o!

Lagos shown within the State of Lagos
Lagos
Lagos shown within Nigeria
Coordinates: 6°27′18″N 3°23′03″E / 6.455027°N 3.384082°E / 6.455027; 3.384082Coordinates: 6°27′18″N 3°23′03″E / 6.455027°N 3.384082°E / 6.455027; 3.384082
Country
Nigeria
State
Lagos
LGA(s)[note 1]
List of LGAs[show]
Island
Amuwo-Odofin
Apapa
Eti-Osa[a]
Lagos Island
Mainland
Ajeromi-Ifelodun
Lagos Mainland
Surulere
Suburban
Agege
Alimosho
Ifako-Ijaiye
Ikeja
Kosofe
Mushin
Ojo
Oshodi-Isolo
Shomolu
Settled
15th century
Founded by
Awori subgroup of the Yoruba[5]
Government
• Oba
Rilwan Akiolu I
Area[3]
• Metropolis
1,171.28 km2 (452.23 sq mi)
• Land
999.6 km2 (385.9 sq mi)
• Water
171.68 km2 (66.29 sq mi)
• Urban
907 km2 (350 sq mi)
• Metro
2,706.7 km2 (1,045.1 sq mi)
Elevation
41 m (135 ft)
Population (2006 census)[note 2]
• Metropolis
8,048,430
• Estimate (2012 by LASG)
16,060,303[8]
• Rank
1st
• Density
6,871/km2 (17,800/sq mi)
• Urban
13,123,000[7]
• Urban density
14,469/km2 (37,470/sq mi)
• Metro
21,000,000 (estimated)[6]
• Metro density
7,759/km2 (20,100/sq mi)
Demonym(s)
Lagosian
GDP
Time zone
WAT (UTC+1) (UTC+1)
Area code(s)
010[10]
Climate
Aw
Jump up ^ Only Ikoyi-Obalande and Iru-Victoria Island LCDAs
Lagos /ˈleɪɡɒs/[11] (Yoruba: Èkó) is a city in the Nigerian state of Lagos. The city, with its adjoining conurbation, is the largest in Nigeria, as well as on the African continent. It is one of the fastest growing in the world,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18] and also one of the most populous urban agglomerations.[19][20] Lagos is a major financial centre in Africa; the megacity has the highest GDP,[4] and also houses one of the largest and busiest ports on the continent.[21][22][23]
Lagos initially emerged as a port city which originated on a collection of islands, which are contained in the present day Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Lagos Island, Eti-Osa, Amuwo-Odofin and Apapa; the islands are separated by creeks, fringing the southwest mouth of Lagos Lagoon, while protected from the Atlantic Ocean by barrier islands and long sand spits such as Bar Beach, which stretch up to 100 km (60 mi) east and west of the mouth. Due to rapid urbanization, the city expanded to the west of the lagoon to include areas in the present day Lagos Mainland, Ajeromi-Ifelodun and Surulere. This led to the classification of Lagos into two main areas - the Island, which was the initial city of Lagos, before it expanded into the area known as the Mainland.[24] This city area was governed directly by the Federal Government through the Lagos City Council, until the creation of Lagos State in 1967, which led to the splitting of Lagos city into the present day seven Local Government Areas (LGAs), and an addition of other towns (which now make up 13 LGAs) from the then Western Region, to form the state.[25]
Lagos, the capital of Nigeria since its amalgamation in 1914, went on to become the capital of Lagos State after its creation. However, the state capital was later moved to Ikeja in 1976, while the federal capital also moved to Abuja in 1991. Even though Lagos is still widely referred to as a city, the present day Lagos, also known as "Metropolitan Lagos", and officially as "Lagos Metropolitan Area"[26][27][28] is an urban agglomeration or conurbation,[29] consisting of 16 LGAs, including Ikeja, the state capital of Lagos State.[4][30] This conurbation makes up 37% of Lagos State's total land area, but houses about 85% of the state's total population.[4][25][31]
The exact population of Metropolitan Lagos is disputed. In the 2006 federal census data, the conurbation had a population of about 8 million people.[32] However, the figure was disputed by the Lagos State Government, which later released its own population data, putting the population of Lagos Metropolitan Area at approximately 16 million.[note 3] As at 2015, unofficial figures put the population of "Greater Metropolitan Lagos", which includes, Lagos and its surrounding metro area, extending as far as into Ogun State, at approximately 21 million.[3][25][33][34]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Geography
2.1 Cityscape
2.1.1 Island
2.1.1.1 Lagos Island
2.1.1.2 Ikoyi
2.1.1.3 Victoria Island
2.1.1.4 Iddo
2.1.1.5 Mainland
2.1.2 Architecture
2.2 Climate
3 Administration and demographics
3.1 Census data for Lagos
4 Economy
5 Culture
5.1 Music and film industry
5.2 Sport
5.3 Tourism
5.4 Cuisine
6 Education
6.1 Vocational schools
6.2 Polytechnics
6.3 Universities
7 Healthcare
8 Transportation
8.1 Highways
8.2 Rail
8.3 Ferries
8.4 Air
9 Notable people
10 International relations
10.1 Twin towns and sister cities
11 See also
12 Notes
13 References
14 Further reading
15 External links
History[edit]
Main articles: History of Lagos and Timeline of Lagos
Aerial view of Lagos in 1929
Lagos was originally inhabited by the Awori subgroup of the Yoruba people in the 15th century.[17][35][36][5] Under the leadership of the Oloye Olofin, the Awori moved to an island now called Iddo and then to the larger Lagos Island.[37][38] In the 16th century, the Awori settlement was conquered by the Benin Empire and the island became a Benin war-camp called "Eko" under Oba Orhogbua, the Oba of Benin at the time.[39][40] Eko is still the native name for Lagos.
Lagos, which means "lakes", was a name given to the settlement by the Portuguese. The present-day Lagos state has a high percentage of Awori, who migrated to the area from Isheri along the Ogun river. Throughout history, it was home to a number of warring ethnic groups who had settled in the area. Following its early settlement by the Awori nobility, and its conquest by the Bini warlords of Benin, the state first came to the attention of the Portuguese in the 15th century.[41]
Portuguese explorer Rui de Sequeira visited the area in 1472, naming the area around the city Lago de Curamo. Another explanation is that Lagos was named for Lagos, Portugal—a maritime town which, at the time, was the main centre of Portuguese expeditions down the African coast.
In Britain's early 19th century fight against the transatlantic slave trade, its West Africa Squadron or Preventative Squadron as it was also known, continued to pursue Portuguese, American, French and Cuban slave ships and to impose anti-slavery treaties with West African coastal chiefs with so much doggedness that they created a strong presence along the West African coast from Sierra Leone all the way to the Niger Delta (today's Nigeria) and as far south as Congo.[42] In 1849, Britain appointed John Beecroft Consul of the Bights of Benin and Biafra, a position he held (along with his governorship of Fernando Po) until his death in 1854.[43] John Duncan was appointed Vice Consul and was located at Wydah.[44] At the time of Beecroft's appointment, the Kingdom of Lagos (under Oba Kosoko) was in the western part of the Consulate of the Bights of Benin and Biafra and was a key slave trading port.[45] In 1851 and with pressure from liberated slaves who now wielded political and business influence, Britain intervened in Lagos in what is now known as the Bombardment of Lagos or Capture of Lagos[45][46] resulting in the installation of Oba Akitoye and the ouster of Oba Kosoko. Oba Akitoye then signed the Treaty between Great Britain and Lagos abolishing slavery. The signing of the 1852 treaty ushered in the Consular Period in Lagos' history wherein Britain provided military protection to Lagos.[47]
Following threats from Kosoko and the French who were positioned at Wydah, a decision was made by Lord Palmerston (British Prime Minister) who noted in 1861, "the expediency of losing no time in assuming the formal Protectorate of Lagos".[48] William McCoskry, the Acting Consul in Lagos with Commander Bedingfield convened a meeting with Oba Dosunmu on July 30, 1861 aboard HMS Prometheus where Britain's intent was explained and a response to the terms were required by August 1861. Dosunmu resisted the terms of the treaty but under the threat to unleash violence on Lagos by Commander Bedingfield, Dosunmu relented and signed the Lagos Treaty of Cession on August 6, 1861.[46][49][50]
Map of Lagos' initial city boundaries, showing its contemporary districts. Note that this definition is rarely used in present day; the expanded metropolitan area is now a more accepted definition of Lagos.
The remainder of modern-day Nigeria was seized in 1887, and when the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria was established in 1914, Lagos was declared its capital, continuing as such after the country's independence from Britain in 1960. Along with migrants from all over Nigeria and other West African nations were the returnee ex-slaves known as Creoles, who came from Freetown, Sierra Leone, Brazil and the West Indies to Lagos. The Creoles contributed to Lagos' modernisation and their knowledge of Portuguese architecture can still be seen from the architecture on Lagos Island. Since the 19th century, Lagos gradually transformed to a melting pot of Africans and Europeans.[51][52][5][53] Railway links and telephone cables connecting Lagos to London had been established by 1886.[54][55][56] Electric street lighting was introduced in the city in 1898.[39][57] Lagos experienced rapid growth throughout the 1960s and 1970s as a result of Nigeria's economic boom.[58]
Before the creation of Lagos State on 27 May 1967, Lagos, which was the country's capital had been administered directly by the Federal Government as a Federal Territory through the Federal Ministry of Lagos Affairs, while the Lagos City Council (LCC) governed the city.[25] Lagos, along with the towns from the then Western region (Ikeja, Agege, Mushin, Ikorodu, Epe and Badagry), were eventually captured to create Lagos State.[25] Lagos city was split into the present day seven Local Government Areas (LGAs), while the other towns now make up 13 LGAs in the state. Lagos played the dual role of being the State and Federal Capital until 1976, when the state capital was moved to Ikeja. Lagos was adversely affected during Nigeria's military rule.[59] Also, on 12 December 1991, the seat of the Federal Government was also formally relocated to Abuja. However, Lagos still remains the financial centre of the country, and also grew to become the most populous conurbation in the country.[25]
Geography[edit]
Lagos is loosely classified into two main geographical areas - the "Island" and the "Mainland".
Cityscape[edit]
Island[edit]
The Island is a loose geographical term that is used to define the area of Lagos which is separated from the "mainland" by the main channel draining the lagoon into the Atlantic Ocean, which forms Lagos Harbour. The Island is mainly a collection of islands that are separated from each other by creeks of varying sizes and are connected together by bridges. The smaller sections of some creeks have been dredged and built over. This part of Lagos is the area where most business activities and entertainment events in Lagos takes place. It also houses most of the upscale residential areas in Lagos. The Local Government areas which are considered to be in the Island include: Lagos Island, Amuwo-Odofin, Apapa (sometimes also regarded as being on the mainland) and Eti-Osa. The major upscale island neighbourhoods within these LGAs include: Ikoyi and Victoria Island. Three major bridges join the island to the mainland. They are the Carter Bridge which starts from Iddo, the Eko Bridge (formerly called the Second Mainland Bridge) and the Third Mainland Bridge, which passes through densely populated mainland suburbs to the Lagos Lagoon.
Lagos Island[edit]
Lagos Marina
Main article: Lagos Island
Lagos Island contains a central business district.[60] This district is characterised by high-rise buildings. The island also contains many of the city's largest wholesale marketplaces (such as the popular Idumota and Balogun Markets).[61] It also has the National Museum of Nigeria, the Central Mosque, the Glover Memorial Hall, Christ's Church Cathedral (CMS) and the Oba's Palace (Iga Idunganran).[62] Another major part of Lagos Island is Marina. It borders around the idumota and Balogun markets and houses major Banking institutions. Though formerly in a derelict condition, Lagos Island's Tinubu Square is a site of historical importance; it was here that the Amalgamation Ceremony that unified the North and South protectorate to form Nigeria took place in 1914.
Ikoyi[edit]
Main article: Ikoyi
Ikoyi is situated on the eastern half of Lagos Island and joined to it by a land fill.[63] Ikoyi is also connected to Victoria Island by Falomo bridge, which carries a main road over Five Cowrie creek.[64] Ikoyi housed the headquarters of the federal government of Nigeria and other buildings owned by the government, including the old federal secretariat complex. The complex today is on reestablishment.
In Ikoyi there are military and police barracks, a top-security prison and a federal high court of Nigeria. Ikoyi also has a number of hotels, night clubs, a recreational park and one of Africa's largest golf courses. Originally a middle class neighbourhood, in recent years, it has become a fashionable residential enclave for the upper middle class to the upper class. There are also commercial activities in Ikoyi which is spotted in increasing number of offices, banks and shopping complexes. The commercial section is concentrated in the South-West.
Victoria Island[edit]
Main article: Victoria Island (Nigeria)
Victoria Island with its annexe is situated to the south of Lagos Island.[58] It has expensive real estate properties and for that reason, many new luxury condos and apartments are blooming up everywhere. Along with Ikoyi, Victoria Island occupies a major area in Lagos which boasts of several sizeable shopping districts. On its sea shore along the Atlantic front, there is environmentally reconstructed Bar Beach.
Iddo[edit]
Across the main channel of the lagoon from Lagos Island, there is a smaller settlement called Iddo. Iddo is also a railroad terminus and it is now situated in the Lagos Mainland local government area after it was connected to the mainland like a peninsula.[65]
Mainland[edit]
A huge population of Lagosians also live on the mainland, and most industries are located there. The mainland is known for its music and night life, which used to be located in areas around Yaba and Surulere. However, in recent years more night clubs have sprung up on the Island, making the Island (particularly Victoria Island) the main nightlife attractions. Mainland LGAs include Surulere, Ajeromi-Ifelodun and Lagos Mainland. Metropolitan Lagos suburban LGAs include: Agege, Apapa, Mushin, Oshodi-Isolo and Ikeja (site of Murtala Muhammed International Airport and the capital of Lagos State).
Major Areas on the mainland include Ebute Metta, Yaba and Ejigbo. Some rivers, like Badagry Creek, flow parallel to the coast for some distance before exiting through the sand bars to the sea.
Architecture[edit]
Main article: Architecture of Lagos
Lagos has the tallest skyline in Nigeria. The architectural styles in Lagos are diverse and ranges from tropical, vernacular to colonial European and ultramodern buildings or a mixture. Brazilian style architecture brought by the creoles is evident in buildings such as Water House, Shitta Bey Mosque to mention a few.[66][67][68] Skyscrapers and most high rise buildings are centered on the islands while the mainland has some high rise buildings.[69] In recent years, the Lagos State government has renovated existing parks and green areas, with a long term goal of expansion. Many good quality buildings are interspersed across the city.[70][71][72][73][74]
Climate[edit]
Lagos experiences tropical savanna climate (Aw) according to the Köppen climate classification, as there's a significant precipitation difference between the wet season and the dry season. The wet season starts in April and ends in October, while the dry season starts in November and ends in March. The wettest month is June with precipitation total 315.5 millimetres (12.42 in), while the driest month is January with precipitation total 13.2 millimetres (0.52 in).
As the city is located near the equator, the temperature remains constant with no significant difference between the hottest month and the coolest month. The hottest month is March with average temperature 28.5 °C (83.3 °F), while the coolest month is August with average temperature 25.0 °C (77.0 °F).
[hide]Climate data for Lagos (Murtala Muhammed International Airport) 1961–1990, extremes: 1886–present
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °C (°F)
40.0
(104) 37.1
(98.8) 37.0
(98.6) 39.6
(103.3) 37.0
(98.6) 37.6
(99.7) 33.2
(91.8) 33.0
(91.4) 33.2
(91.8) 33.7
(92.7) 39.9
(103.8) 36.4
(97.5) 40.0
(104)
Average high °C (°F)
32.2
(90) 33.2
(91.8) 32.9
(91.2) 32.2
(90) 30.9
(87.6) 29.3
(84.7) 28.2
(82.8) 28.3
(82.9) 28.9
(84) 30.3
(86.5) 31.4
(88.5) 31.8
(89.2) 30.8
(87.4)
Daily mean °C (°F)
27.3
(81.1) 28.4
(83.1) 28.5
(83.3) 28.0
(82.4) 27.0
(80.6) 25.6
(78.1) 25.2
(77.4) 25.0
(77) 25.5
(77.9) 26.4
(79.5) 27.2
(81) 27.2
(81) 26.8
(80.2)
Average low °C (°F)
22.4
(72.3) 23.7
(74.7) 24.1
(75.4) 23.7
(74.7) 23.2
(73.8) 21.9
(71.4) 22.3
(72.1) 21.8
(71.2) 22.1
(71.8) 22.4
(72.3) 23.0
(73.4) 22.5
(72.5) 22.8
(73)
Record low °C (°F)
12.6
(54.7) 16.1
(61) 14.0
(57.2) 14.9
(58.8) 20.0
(68) 21.2
(70.2) 15.0
(59) 19.0
(66.2) 13.0
(55.4) 17.9
(64.2) 11.1
(52) 11.6
(52.9) 11.1
(52)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
13.2
(0.52) 40.6
(1.598) 84.3
(3.319) 146.3
(5.76) 202.4
(7.969) 315.5
(12.421) 243.0
(9.567) 121.7
(4.791) 160.0
(6.299) 125.1
(4.925) 39.7
(1.563) 14.8
(0.583) 1,506.6
(59.315)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)
1.5 2.8 6.6 9.0 12.5 16.2 13.2 11.6 12.7 11.2 4.9 2.1 104.3
Average relative humidity (%)
81 79 76 82 84 87 87 85 86 87 84 82 83
Mean monthly sunshine hours
164.3 168.0 173.6 180.0 176.7 114.0 99.2 108.5 114.0 167.4 186.0 192.2 1,843.9
Source #1: Deutscher Wetterdienst (humidity, 1952–1967),[75] NOAA (sun)[76]
Source #2: Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)[77]
Administration and demographics[edit]
In terms of administration, Lagos is not a single municipality and therefore has no overall city administration.[78] The geographical city limits of Metropolitan Lagos comprises 16 of the 20 Local Government Areas, which together comprise Lagos State. The latter entity provides overall government for the metropolitan region. The Municipality of Lagos, which covered Lagos Island, Ikoyi and Victoria Island as well as some mainland territory, was managed by the Lagos City Council (LCC), but it was disbanded in 1976 and divided into several Local Government Areas (most notably Lagos Island LGA, Lagos Mainland LGA and Eti-Osa LGA).[79]
The mainland beyond the Municipality of Lagos, on the other hand, comprised several separate towns and settlements such as Mushin, Ikeja and Agege. In the wake of the 1970s Nigerian oil boom, Lagos experienced a population explosion, untamed economic growth, and unmitigated rural migration. This caused the outlying towns and settlements to develop rapidly, thus forming the present day "Lagos Metropolitan Area", also known as "Metropolitan Lagos". The history of Lagos is still evidenced in the layout of the LGAs which display the unique identities of the cultures that created them.
By 2006, the metro area around Lagos had extended beyond Lagos State's boundaries and attained a megacity status. This much larger area is referred to as "Greater Metropolitan Lagos" or "Lagos Megacity Region", which is a continuous built up land area of additional 1,535.4 square kilometres (592.8 square miles), comprising sprawls in LGAs situated next to Lagos' eastern and western city limits in Lagos State, and beyond northern limits, spilling into the LGAs in adjoining Ogun State. Ogun State LGAs within Greater Metropolitan Lagos majorly include: Obafemi Owode, Sagamu, Ifo, Ado-Odo/Ota and part of Ewekoro.[34]
The 16 LGAs of Metropolitan Lagos
Local Government Area Land area[80]
(in km²) Population[32]
(2006 Census) Density
(inh. per km²)
Agege 17 459,939 41,071
Ajeromi-Ifelodun 13.9 684,105 55,474
Alimosho 137.8 1,277,714 6,899
Amuwo-Odofin 179.1 318,166 2,364
Apapa 38.5 217,362 8,153
Eti-Osa 299.1 287,785 1,496
Ifako-Ijaiye 43 427,878 16,078
Ikeja 49.92 313,196 6,785
Kosofe 84.4 665,393 8,174
Lagos Island 9.26 209,437 24,182
Lagos Mainland 19.62 317,720 16,322
Mushin 14.05 633,009 36,213
Ojo 182 598,071 3,781
Oshodi-Isolo 41.98 621,509 13,886
Somolu 14.6 402,673 34,862
Surulere 27.05 503,975 21,912
Metropolitan Lagos 1,171.28 7,937,932 7,941
A map showing the 16 LGAs making up Lagos Metropolitan Area
Today, the word Lagos most often refers to the urban area, called "Metropolitan Lagos" in Nigeria, which includes both the islands of the former municipality of Lagos and the mainland suburbs. Lagos State government is responsible for some of the utilities including roads and transportation, power, water, health and education. Metropolitan Lagos extends over 16 of the 20 LGAs of Lagos State, and contains about 85% of the population of Lagos State, and includes semi-rural areas.[81] Lagos City has a considerable number of high-rise buildings which dominate its skyline. Most of the tall buildings are located in the downtown Central Business District.
Lagos was the former capital city of Nigeria but it has since been replaced by Abuja. Abuja officially gained its status as the capital of Nigeria on 12 December 1991, although the decision to move the federal capital had been made in now Act no. 6 of 1976. Lagos is also home to the High Court of the Lagos State Judiciary, housed in an old colonial building on Lagos Island.[82]
Census data for Lagos[edit]
Although the 2006 National Population Census of Nigeria credited the metropolitan area with a population figure of 7,937,932, the figure is at variance with some projections by the UN and other population agencies and groups worldwide. The population figure of Lagos State given by the Lagos State Government is 17,553,924. It was based on claimed conducted enumeration for social planning by the Lagos State Government "parallel census" and it believes that since the inhabitants of the metropolitan area of Lagos constitute 88% of the Lagos State population, the population of metropolitan Lagos is about 15.5 million.[83]
A rejoinder to Lagos State Government views[84] concluded that Lagos State concealed the fact that the population projection, for Lagos Urban Agglomeration by the UN agencies had been revised downwards substantially as early as 2003. It failed to interpret the two most important and fairly representative and reliable secondary data sets already in public domain, the National Identity Card Scheme and the 2003 Voters Registration figures from INEC. The figures for 2007 Voters Registration by INEC were an act subsequent to the release of the provisional census results and comprehensively corroborate, vindicate and validate the population figures in no uncertain terms. According to the official results of the 2006 census, there were 8,048,430 inhabitants in Metropolitan Lagos.[32] This figure was lower than anticipated, and has created controversy in Nigeria. Lagos Island, the central Local Government Area and historic centre of Metropolitan Lagos, had a population of 212,700 at the 2006 Census.[85]
Lagos market scene
Authorities of Lagos State have attacked the results of the 2006 census, accusing the Nigerian National Population Commission of having undercounted the population of the state. This accusation is denied by the National Population Commission.[86][87] A study found that research carried out by Africapolis (the African subsidiary of e-Geopolis backed by the Agence française de développement), in addition to the cross-referencing of official figures with more scientific independent research concluded that the 2006 census figures for Lagos State of about 9 million were valid and that the state's own assessments are inflated.[88]
Lagos is, by most estimates, one of the fastest-growing cities in the world.[89] Lagos is currently experiencing a population increase of about 275,000 persons per annum. In 1999 the United Nations predicted that the city's metropolitan area, which had only about 290,000 inhabitants in 1950, would exceed 20 million by 2010 and thus become one of the ten most populated cities in the world.
There is a huge spectrum of wealth distribution among the people that reside in Lagos. It ranges from the very wealthy to the very poor. Lagos has attracted many young people and families seeking a better life from all other parts of Nigeria and beyond[59] and this has also contributed to its cosmopolitan status.[90][91][92][93][94]
Economy[edit]
A shopping mall in Lagos
The city of Lagos is a major economic focal point in Nigeria, generating around 10% of the country's GDP. Most commercial and financial business is carried out in the central business district situated on the island. This is also where most of the country's commercial banks, financial institutions and major corporations are headquartered. Lagos is also the major Information Communications and Telecommunications (ICT) hub of West Africa and potentially, the biggest ICT market in the continent.[95] Lagos is developing a 24-hour economy[96][97][98] and has also been ranked as one of the most expensive cities in the world.[99][100][101][102][103][104] In some parts of Lagos, residents have one of the highest standards of living in Nigeria and in Africa.[105][106] At the same time, a sizable proportion of the residents live in slums without access to piped water and sanitation.[107][108][109][110][111]
The Port of Lagos is Nigeria's leading port and one of the largest and busiest in Africa. It is administered by the Nigerian Ports Authority and it is split into three main sections: Lagos port, in the main channel next to Lagos Island, Apapa Port (site of the container terminal) and Tin Can Port, both located in Badagry Creek, which flows into Lagos Harbour from the west.[112] The port features a railhead. The port has seen growing amounts of crude oil exported, with export figures rising between 1997 and 2000.[113] Oil and petroleum products provide 14% of GDP and 90% of foreign exchange earnings in Nigeria as a whole.[114]
Culture[edit]
Music and film industry[edit]
The National Arts Theatre
Lagos is famous throughout Africa for its music scene. Lagos has a vibrant nightlife[97][115][116] and has given birth to a variety of styles such as Sakara music, Nigerian hip hop, highlife, juju, fuji and Afrobeat.[117]
Lagos is the centre of the Nigerian movie industry, often referred to as 'Nollywood'. Idumota market on Lagos Island is the primary distribution centre. Many films are shot in the Festac area of Lagos.[118]
Iganmu is home to the primary centre for the performing arts and artistes in Nigeria: the National Arts Theatre.
James Brown performed in Lagos in 1970.[119]
Paul McCartney recorded his fifth post-Beatles album, Band on the Run, in an EMI studio in Lagos in August and September 1973.[120]
Other foreign musicians who have also performed in the city include: Sean Paul, Snoop Dogg,[121] 50 Cent, Akon, Jarule, Ashanti, Usher, Shaggy,[122] R Kelly,[123] especially during the Star Mega Jam; Shakira, John Legend, Boyz II Men[124] T-Pain, Brian McKnight, JayZ,[125] Mary J. Blige,[126] Beyoncé, Brandy, Ciara, Keri Hilson and Lauryn Hill, among others.[127][128]
Sport[edit]
Football is Lagos' most popular sport. Prominent Lagos football clubs include Bridge Boys F.C. and First Bank: both play in Nigeria National League, the second tier of Nigerian football.
The Lagos Black Heritage Festival Parade, 2012
The Nigeria national football team, also known as the Super Eagles, used to play almost all of their home games in Lagos at the National Stadium in Surulere; however, games are now mostly played at the larger and newer Abuja National Stadium in Abuja, which is the default home of the Super Eagles. Lagos also hosted the 2nd All-African games in 1973.[129][130][131]
Cycling is increasingly becoming a sport to be reckoned with. About three years ago, Cycology Riding Club started a club in Lagos and soon after, other clubs mushroomed in cities like Port Harcourt and Abuja. Some of these clubs aim to promote cycling as a lifestyle and create awareness through social initiatives in their communities. Considering the traffic congestion in the big cities, it is a welcome sight, environmentally, to see Nigerians ply the streets on two wheels.
Tourism [edit]
Lagos, subsequent to the re-modernization project achieved by the previous administration of Governor Raji Babatunde Fashola, is gradually becoming a major tourist destination, being one of the largest cities in Africa and in the world. Lagos is currently taking steps to become a global city. The 2009 Eyo carnival (a yearly festival originated from Iperu Remo, Ogun State) which took place on 25 April, was a step toward world city status. Currently, Lagos is primarily known as a business-oriented and a fast-paced community.[81]
Lagos has become an important location for African and "black" cultural identity.[132] Lots of festivals are held in Lagos; festivals vary in offerings each year and may be held in different months. Some of the festivals are Festac Food Fair held in Festac Town Annually, Eyo Festival, Lagos Black Heritage Carnival, Lagos Carnival, Eko International Film Festival, Lagos Seafood Festac Festival, LAGOS PHOTO Festival and The Lagos Jazz Series which is a unique franchise for high quality live music in all genres with a focus on Jazz. Established in 2010, the popular event takes place over a 3-5 day period at selected high quality outdoor venues. The music is as varied as the audience itself and features a diverse mix of musical genres from Rhythm and Blues to Soul, Afrobeat, Hiphop, Bebop and traditional Jazz. The festivals provide entertainment of dance and song to add excitement to travelers during a stay in Lagos.
Lagos has a number of sandy beaches by the Atlantic Ocean, including Elegushi Beach and Alpha Beach. Lagos also has a number of private beach resorts including Inagbe Grand Beach Resort and several others in the outskirts.
Lagos has a variety of hotels ranging from three star to five star hotels, with a mixture of local hotels such as Eko Hotels and Suites, Federal Palace Hotel and franchises of multinational chains such as Intercontinental Hotel, Sheraton and Four Points by Hilton. Other places of interest include the Tafawa Balewa Square, Festac town, The Nike Art Gallery, Freedom Park, Lagos and the Cathedral Church of Christ, Lagos.
Cuisine[edit]
Main articles: Nigerian cuisine and African cuisine
Some of the famous cuisines in Lagos include indigenous delicacies like Eba and Egusi, Amala and Ewedu, Jollof, Ofada Rice, Plantain locally called dodo, Beans, Suya (spicy shish kebab or spiced roasted beef) which is consumed in local clubs and bars with a bottle of cold beer, Eba made from cassava and eaten with soups prepared with vegetables and mixture of spices and herbs. Other cuisines range from local ones like Iyan (pounded yam) made from yam flour, Amala, Asharo usually eaten with various kind of vegetables and Egusi (melon soup) to European, Middle-Eastern and Asian cuisine.[115][133]
Education[edit]
See also: List of schools in Lagos
The Lagos State Government operates state schools.[134] The education system is the 6-3-3-4 system, which is practised throughout the country (as well as by many other members of the Economic Community of West African States). The levels are Primary, Junior Secondary School (JSS), Senior Secondary School (SSS) and university. All children are offered basic education, with special focus now on the first nine years. Many of the schools in Nigeria are federally funded and usually are boarding schools. A few examples are Federal government college Odogbolu (FGCOdogbolu), Federal government girls college Sagamnu (FGGCSagamu) and Federal government college Kano (FGCKano). The state of Lagos has its own federally funded high schools namely Federal government college Ijanikin also known as FGC Lagos, Kings College and Queens College.
Lagos is home to various postsecondary schools, universities and other vocational institutions that are either operated by the government or private entities.[135]
Vocational schools[edit]
Institute for Industrial Technology (IIT) : founded in 2000, IIT is a technical vocational school for male youth from families with limited resources. Its educational model is based on the Dual Training System.
Polytechnics[edit]
Yaba College of Technology (YABATECH) : founded in 1934, the college is Nigeria's first higher educational institution and third in Africa. The college is a center of culture and heritage. Currently it has student enrolment of over 16,000.
Lagos State Polytechnic is a polytechnic comprising more than six schools including private polytechnics and was founded 25 years ago. Its main campus resides at Ikorodu, along Shagamu road.
Lagos City Polytechnic, located at 6/8, Bashiru Oweh Street, Off Simbiat Abiola Road (formerly Medical Road), Ikeja – This is the first private Polytechnic in Nigeria. It was established in 1990 by Engr. Babatunde Odufuwa. Engr. Odufuwa hails from Oke-Aye in Ijebu North East Local Government Area (I.N.E.L.G) of Ogun State.
Grace Polytechnic
Wolex Polytechnic
Federal College of Fisheries and Marine Technology is a monotechnic that offers courses in fisheries technology, general science, marine engineering and nautical science.
Federal College of Education (tech) Akoka
Universities[edit]
The University of Lagos (UNILAG) Akoka, is a large institution dating from 1962, with over 55,000 students. It comprises 13 faculties, run by over 4,000 staff.[136]
Lagos State University (LASU) is a multi-campus university established in the year 1984 and owned by the Lagos State government. The main campus is located at Ojo, along the Lagos-Badagry Expressway.
Pan-Atlantic University formerly known as Pan-African University has a business school (LBS), a school of mass communication (SMC) and an entrepreneurial development center (EDC), specialized in providing short courses for SMEs. Lagos Business School (LBS) is the famous of them all, awarding world-class MBA and EMBA. The School of Mass Communication is also known for its pragmatic communication courses in the field of journalism, media and marketing. SMC awards BSc., MSc., and PHD in social science courses. Founded in 1996 and awarded University status in 2002. The University also places some emphasis on the study of art, running the Virtual Museum of Modern Nigerian Art.
National Open University of Nigeria is the first open university in Nigeria; it is located on Ahmadu Bello Way, Victoria Island, Lagos.
Caleb University is a private university located at Imota, Lagos.
Lagos State College of Health Technology (LASCOHET) is an institution that runs health courses such as Health Information Management, Pharmacist Tech, Medical Laboratory Tech, Community Health Extension and Environmental Health Technology; it is located in Yaba.
Lagos State University College of Medicine (LASUCOM), Ikeja
Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Idi-Araba-Mushin, Lagos.
Healthcare[edit]
Further information: List of hospitals in Lagos
Lagos has many hospitals and medical facilities, some of which have accomplished feats in Nigeria's medical history. For example, the oldest Nigerian hospital is located in the city as well as West Africa's first air-operated emergency medical service which commenced in the city. The Lagos healthcare system is generally divided into public and private sectors which provide medical services at the primary, secondary and tertiary levels. Although the private hospitals are usually more expensive, it does not necessarily translate to better healthcare delivery.[137]
Transportation[edit]
A map of major road links in Metropolitan Lagos
Highways[edit]
Toll gates and roads at the Lekki-Ẹpẹ Expressway
Lagos has one of the largest and most extensive road networks in West Africa.[138][139] It also has suburban trains and some ferry services. Highways are usually congested in peak hours, due in part to the geography of the city, as well as to its explosive population growth.[89][140] Lagos is also linked by many highways and bridges. A new rail system which is supposed to span the length of the Badagry expressway is currently under construction.
The Lagos–Ibadan Expressway and the Lagos–Abeokuta Expressway are the major controlled-access highways in the north of the city and serve as inter-state highways to Oyo State and Ogun State respectively. To the west the congested Lagos–Badagry Expressway serves outlying towns such as Festival Town, which was the location for the 1977 Festival of Black Arts and Culture 77.[141]
Lagos's importance as a commercial centre and port and its strategic location have led to it being the end-point of three Trans-African Highway routes using Nigeria's national roads.[142] The Trans–West African Coastal Highway leaves the city as the Badagry Expressway to Benin and beyond as far as Dakar and Nouakchott; the Trans-Sahara Highway to Algiers, which is close to completion, leaves the city as the Lagos-Ibadan Expressway.[143]
Lagos State has a bus rapid transit (BRT) system;[139] the first phase was completed in February 2008. It is expected to operate along eight routes using specially designated bus rapid transit lanes running through the city, with the aim of expanding to other routes in the future. The first phase of the Lagos BRT runs 19 km (12 mi) through Ikorodu Road and Funsho Williams Avenue up to CMS. After weeks of test runs, operations started on 17 March 2008, six months earlier than planned.[139] Also, the signature color of Lagos state 14-seater bus (known as Danfo) is yellow with a touch of black.
It has been estimated that the system will transport about 10,000 passengers in each direction per hour during peak travel times. At these times traffic congestion, called "Go Slow", by Lagosians, can be extreme.[144] The LAMATA bus rapid transit corridor covers a distance of about 22 km (14 mi). The system is run by two operators, NURTW Cooperative (Nigerian Union of Road Transport Workers) and Lagbus, a Lagos State Government owned Asset Management Company which contributes about 180 high-capacity buses for the implementation of the first phase Mile 12 to CMS BRT Lite system.
Rail[edit]
An extensive urban rail system, Lagos Rail Mass Transit, running through the Lagos metropolis is currently under construction.[89][145][146] Several intercity and commuter trains serve Lagos through the Lagos Terminus railway station.
Lagos is currently the world's largest city proper which does not have grade-separated rapid transit system.[citation needed]
Ferries[edit]
Lagos State Ferry Services Corporation runs a few regular routes, for example between Lagos Island and the mainland, served by modern ferries and wharves. Private boats run irregular passenger services on the lagoon and on some creeks.[147]
Air[edit]
Lagos is served by Murtala Muhammed International Airport, one of the largest and busiest airports in Africa. The airport is located in the northern suburb of Ikeja and has Domestic and International Terminals. With 5.1 million passengers in 2008, the airport accounts for almost fifty percent of all air traffic in Nigeria. Murtalla Muhammad International Airport Lagos is known is largest west African airport that serves million of Nigerian Expats from all over the world. The airport is main hub of Medview Airline and Arik Air but other major airlines like British Airways, Virgin Atlantic, KLM, Air France, Lufthansa and Turkish airlines operate daily flights to Lagos from all over the globe. Outbound international travel from Murtala Mohammed Airport accounts for the majority of all air passengers travelling to and from Nigeria.[148] The airport has recently undergone upgrades along with the addition of a new terminal.[149]
Notable people[edit]
Main category: People from Lagos
Babatunde Fashola, Former Governor of Lagos and Minister of Power, Works and Housing
Funsho Williams, statesman and one time aspirant Lagos state governor
Hakeem Olajuwon, professional basketball player
Bola Tinubu, Former Governor of Lagos State
Bode George, Politician
International relations[edit]
Twin towns and sister cities[edit]
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Nigeria
Lagos is twinned with:[150]
Gary, Indiana, United States, since 1991[150][151]
Atlanta, Georgia, United States, since 1974[150]
See also[edit]
List of largest cities
Lagos Island
Lagos State
Lagos portal
Nigeria portal
Africa portal
Geography portal
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Metropolitan Lagos consists 16 out of Lagos State's 20 LGA, which excludes: Badagry, Epe, Ibeju-Lekki and Ikorodu.[3][4]
Jump up ^ Metropolitan Lagos consists 16 out of Lagos State's 20 LGA, which excludes: Badagry, Epe, Ibeju-Lekki and Ikorodu.[3][9]
Jump up ^ Metropolitan Lagos consists 16 out of Lagos State's 20 LGA, which excludes: Badagry, Epe, Ibeju-Lekki and Ikorodu.[3][6]
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Jump up ^ Omiko Awa (21 June 2015). "A Peep Into The Glamour, Glitz Of Lagos Nightlife". The Guardian. Retrieved March 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ Ayodele Ganiu (2011). "The contribution of the Creative Economy to African Cities: A Case Study of Lagos Creative Sector & Its Potential" (PDF). Retrieved 4 April 2012.
Jump up ^ "Yoruba Travelling Theatre & Video Film" (PDF). Retrieved 4 April 2012.
Jump up ^ "James Brown tours Africa for U.S. State Department". JET. Johnson Publishing Company. 38 (26): 57. Oct 1, 1970. ISSN 0021-5996.
Jump up ^ Mark Lewisohn (2001). "Band On The Run: Paul McCartney and Wings". Retrieved 8 April 2012.
Jump up ^ Lizzie Williams; Mark Shenley (2012). Nigeria. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 51. ISBN 978-1-841-6239-79.
Jump up ^ "Nigeria: The Shaggy Thriller in Lagos". All Africa. January 2, 2002. Retrieved April 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ "R Kelly storms Nigeria". The Vanguard. November 11, 2010. Retrieved April 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Nigeria: Shakira, Legend, UB40 to Star At Thisday Festival". All Africa. Retrieved April 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Opeoluwa Ogunjimi. "Jay-Z coming to Nigeria". The Vanguard. Retrieved April 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Anozie Egole (October 5, 2013). "How Mary J. Blige rocked Lagos". The Vanguard. Retrieved April 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ "How 7 US celebs have visited Nigeria in six months". Nigerian Entertainment Today. June 15, 2016. Retrieved April 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Nigeria: Usher Raymond is Star of the Mega Jam". All Africa. Retrieved April 25, 2017.
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Jump up ^ Kaye Whiteman (2013). Lagos: A Cultural and Literary History Volume 5 of Landscapes of the Imagination. Andrews UK Limited. ISBN 9781908493897.
Jump up ^ "Education". Retrieved 4 April 2012.
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Jump up ^ Marleen Dekker; Rijk van Dijk (2010). "Markets of Well-being: Navigating Health and Healing in Africa". BRILL, African Dynamics. p. 31. ISBN 9789004201101.
Jump up ^ "Digest of Statistics 2010" (PDF). Lagos State. Retrieved 4 April 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Lagos BRT Lite" (PDF). LAMATA. Retrieved 4 April 2012.
Jump up ^ "The Socio-economic Costs of Traffic Congestion in Lagos" (pdf) (2). Economic Intelligence Unit (Working paper series. July 2, 2013.
Jump up ^ Strategic Plan. University of Lagos, Lagos. 2003–2008.
Jump up ^ African Development Bank/United Nations Economic Commission For Africa: "Review of the Implementation Status of the Trans African Highways and the Missing Links (PDF). 2 Description of Corridors. African Development Bank. 14 August 2003. Retrieved 14 July 2007.
Jump up ^ "Africa Renewal". 20 (3). Itai Madamombe : "NEPAD promotes better transport networks". October 2006: 14. Retrieved 4 April 2012.
Jump up ^ Perry, Alex (26 May 2011). "Intelligent Cities:Making Over Lagos". Time Lists. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
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Jump up ^ "LAMATA Ferry Services". LAMATA. Retrieved 4 April 2012.
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Jump up ^ Chinedu Eze. "New Terminal Boosts Rating of MMIA". Thisdaylive. Retrieved April 18, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Lagos, Nigeria". Washington DC, USA: SisterCities International. Retrieved 2015-03-28.
Jump up ^ "The Kokomo Tribune from Kokomo, Indiana · Page 21" (PDF). The Kokomo Tribune. Kokomo, Indiana. November 25, 1991. p. 21. Retrieved 2015-03-28 – via Newspapers.com (Lindon, UT, USA).
Further reading[edit]
Leithead, Alastair (August 2017). The city that won't stop growing: How can Lagos cope with its spiralling population?, BBC

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http://www.lagosstate.gov.ng/
external text

values:
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http://www.lagosjudiciary.gov.ng/
external text

values: List of rulers of the Yoruba state of Dassa

values: List of rulers of the Yoruba state of Icha

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Politics of Nigeria

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mw-redirect
Owo, Nigeria

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Iwo, Nigeria

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Saros (Nigeria)

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Nigerian British

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Yoruba American

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Lucumi people

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Jamaicans of African ancestry

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Afro Brazilian

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Yoruba traditional art

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Yaba Psychiatric Hospital

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Business Hallmark (Nigeria)

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The Daily Independent (Lagos)

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mw-redirect
Channels Television

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Chinatown, Lagos

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/wiki/Lekki_Peninsula
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Lekki Peninsula

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Lagos Ferry Services Company

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Lagos City Hall

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Map of Nigeria highlighting Lagos State

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Epe, Nigeria

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Ojo, Nigeria

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Surulere, Lagos State

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/wiki/Lagos_State_Executive_Council
mw-redirect
Lagos State Executive Council

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values: Lagos State Ministry of Establishments, Training and Pensions

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values: Lagos State Ministry of Rural Development

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Mumbai metropolitan area

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Greater Dhaka Area

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All-Africa Games

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2015 All-Africa Games

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2019 All-Africa Games

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Yola, Nigeria

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external text
https://viaf.org/viaf/136663179

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http://d-nb.info/gnd/4111183-7

values: Category:Populated places in Lagos State

values: Category:Populated coastal places in Nigeria

values: Category:Port cities and towns in Nigeria

values: Category:Populated places established in the 15th century

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https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagos
Lagos – Afrikaans
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interlanguage-link-target

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https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagos
Lagos – Alemannisch
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als
interlanguage-link-target

values: لاغوس – Arabic

values:
https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagos
Lagos – Aragonese
an
an
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagos
Lagos – Arpitan
frp
frp
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagos
Lagos – Asturian
ast
ast
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laqos
Laqos – Azerbaijani
az
az
interlanguage-link-target

values: লেগোস – Bangla

values: Лагас – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)

values:
https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagos
Lagos – Bosnian
bs
bs
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagos
Lagos – Breton
br
br
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagos
Lagos – Catalan
ca
ca
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagos
Lagos – Czech
cs
cs
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagos
Lagos – Nyanja
ny
ny
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagos
Lagos – Shona
sn
sn
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagos
Lagos – Welsh
cy
cy
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagos
Lagos – Danish
da
da
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagos
Lagos – German
de
de
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagos
Lagos – Estonian
et
et
interlanguage-link-target

values: Λάγος – Greek

values:
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagos
Lagos – Spanish
es
es
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagoso
Lagoso – Esperanto
eo
eo
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagos
Lagos – Extremaduran
ext
ext
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagos
Lagos – Basque
eu
eu
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagos
Lagos – Fiji Hindi
hif
hif
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagos
Lagos – Faroese
fo
fo
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagos
Lagos – French
fr
fr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagos
Lagos – Western Frisian
fy
fy
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagos
Lagos – Irish
ga
ga
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagos
Lagos – Scottish Gaelic
gd
gd
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagos
Lagos – Kikuyu
ki
ki
interlanguage-link-target

values: लेगोस – Hindi

values:
https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagos
Lagos – Croatian
hr
hr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagos
Lagos – Ido
io
io
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagos
Lagos – Igbo
ig
ig
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagos
Lagos – Iloko
ilo
ilo
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagos
Lagos – Indonesian
id
id
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagos
Lagos – Interlingua
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ia
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagos
Lagos – Interlingue
ie
ie
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagos
Lagos – Icelandic
is
is
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagos
Lagos – Italian
it
it
interlanguage-link-target

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https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagos
Lagos – Javanese
jv
jv
interlanguage-link-target

values: ಲಾಗೊಸ್ – Kannada

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values:
https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagos
Lagos – Cornish
kw
kw
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagos
Lagos – Swahili
sw
sw
interlanguage-link-target

values:
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Lagos – Kurdish
ku
ku
interlanguage-link-target

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Lacupolis – Latin
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la
interlanguage-link-target

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Lagosa – Latvian
lv
lv
interlanguage-link-target

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Lagosas – Lithuanian
lt
lt
interlanguage-link-target

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https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagos
Lagos – Lingala
ln
ln
interlanguage-link-target

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Lagos – Lombard
lmo
lmo
interlanguage-link-target

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Lagos – Hungarian
hu
hu
interlanguage-link-target

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https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagos
Lagos – Malay
ms
ms
interlanguage-link-target

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Lagos – Nāhuatl
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nah
interlanguage-link-target

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Lagos – Norwegian
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no
interlanguage-link-target

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Lagos – Norwegian Nynorsk
nn
nn
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Lagos – Papiamento
pap
pap
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Lagos – Piedmontese
pms
pms
interlanguage-link-target

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Lagos – Polish
pl
pl
interlanguage-link-target

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Lagos – Romanian
ro
ro
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagos
Lagos – Quechua
qu
qu
interlanguage-link-target

values: Лаґос – Rusyn

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https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagos
Lagos – Northern Sami
se
se
interlanguage-link-target

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Lagos – Sardinian
sc
sc
interlanguage-link-target

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Lagos – Scots
sco
sco
interlanguage-link-target

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Lagos – Albanian
sq
sq
interlanguage-link-target

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Lagos – Sicilian
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scn
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Lagos – Simple English
simple
simple
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Lagos – Slovak
sk
sk
interlanguage-link-target

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Lagos – Slovenian
sl
sl
interlanguage-link-target

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Lagos – Silesian
szl
szl
interlanguage-link-target

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Lagos – Somali
so
so
interlanguage-link-target

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Lagos – Serbo-Croatian
sh
sh
interlanguage-link-target

values:
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Lagos – Finnish
fi
fi
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagos
Lagos – Swedish
sv
sv
interlanguage-link-target

values: லாகோஸ் – Tamil

values: లాగోస్ – Telugu

values: เลกอส – Thai

values: Лагос – Tajik

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Lagos – Turkish
tr
tr
interlanguage-link-target

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Lagos – Turkmen
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tk
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Lagos – Veps
vep
vep
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Lagos – Vietnamese
vi
vi
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Lagos – Waray
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war
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