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Wedding anniversary
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A wedding anniversary is the anniversary of the date a wedding took place. Traditional names exist for some of them: for instance, fifty years of marriage is called a "golden wedding anniversary" or simply a "golden anniversary" or "golden wedding".
Contents
1 Official recognition
2 Celebration and gifts
3 Traditional and modern anniversary gifts
4 Flower gifts
5 Gemstone gifts
6 See also
7 References
Official recognition[edit]
The historic origins of wedding anniversaries date back to the Holy Roman Empire, when husbands crowned their wives with a silver wreath on their twenty-fifth anniversary, and a gold wreath on the fiftieth. Later, principally in the twentieth century, commercialism led to the addition of more anniversaries being represented by a named gift.[1]
In the Commonwealth realms, one can receive a message from the monarch for 60th, 65th, and 70th wedding anniversaries, and any wedding anniversary after that.[2] This is done by applying to Buckingham Palace in the United Kingdom, or to the Governor-General's office in the other Commonwealth realms.[3]
In Australia, where one can receive a letter of congratulations from the Governor-General on the 50th and all subsequent wedding anniversaries; the Prime Minister, the federal Opposition leader, local members of both state and federal parliaments, and state Governors may also send salutations for the same anniversaries.[4]
In Canada, one can also receive a message from the Governor-General for the 50th anniversary, and every fifth anniversary after that.[5]
In the United States, a couple can receive a greeting from the President for any wedding anniversary on or after the 50th.[6]
Roman Catholics may apply for a Papal blessing through their local diocese for wedding anniversaries of a special nature (25th, 50th, 60th, etc.).[7][8]
Celebration and gifts[edit]
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The names of some anniversaries provide guidance for appropriate or traditional gifts for the spouses to give each other; if there is a party these can be brought by the guests or influence the theme or decoration. These gifts vary in different countries, but some years have well-established connections now common to most nations: 5th Wood, 10th Tin, 15th Crystal, 20th China, 25th Silver, 30th Pearl, 35th Jade, 40th Ruby, 45th Sapphire, 50th Gold, 60th Diamond, and 70th Platinum. In English speaking countries the first, wooden, gift was cut on the day of celebration and then presented to the wife as a finished article before the next two quarter days had passed. The modern tradition may have originated in medieval Germany where, if a married couple lived to celebrate the 25th anniversary of their wedding, the wife was presented by her friends and neighbours with a silver wreath to congratulate them for the good fortune that had prolonged the lives of the couple for so many years. On celebration of the 50th, the wife received a wreath of gold. Over time the number of symbols expanded and the German tradition came to assign gifts that had direct connections with each stage of married life. The symbols have changed over time. For example, in the United Kingdom, diamond was a well known symbol for the 75th anniversary, but this changed to the now more common 60th anniversary after Queen Victoria's 60 years on the throne was widely marked as her Diamond Jubilee.
The origins of the current gift conventions date to 1937.[citation needed] Before that, only the 1st, 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th, 25th, 50th, and 75th anniversaries had an associated gift. In 1937, the American National Retail Jeweler Association (now known as Jewelers of America as a result of an organizational merger) introduced an expanded list of gifts. The revamped list gave a gift for each year up to the 25th, and then for every fifth anniversary after that.[9]
Traditional and modern anniversary gifts [edit]
Lists of wedding anniversary gifts vary by country. The traditional and modern U.S. versions were compiled by librarians at the Chicago Public Library.[10][11][12][13]
Year
Traditional (U.S.)
Traditional (U.K.)[14]
Modern list created by Chicago Public Library
1st Paper Cotton Clock
2nd Cotton Paper China
3rd Leather Crystal, glass
4th Linen, silk Fruit and flowers Appliances (electrical)
5th Wood Silverware
6th Iron Sugar Wood objects
7th Wool, copper Woollen Desk sets / Pen and Pencil sets
8th Bronze Salt Linens, lace
9th Pottery Copper Leather goods
10th Tin, aluminium Tin Diamond jewelry
11th Steel Fashion jewelry, accessories
12th Silk Silk and fine linen Pearls, colored gems
13th Lace Textiles, furs
14th Ivory Gold jewelry
15th Crystal Watches
16th Silver holloware
17th Furniture
18th Porcelain
19th Bronze
20th China Platinum
21st Brass, Nickel
22nd Copper
23rd Silver plate
24th Opal Musical instruments
25th Silver
30th Pearl Diamond
35th Coral, jade Coral Jade
40th Ruby
45th Sapphire
50th Gold
55th Emerald
60th Diamond (yellow) Diamond
65th Blue sapphire
70th Platinum[15][16][17]
75th Diamond, gold
80th Oak[18][19] Diamond, pearl
85th Moonstone Wine Wife's birthstone
90th Stone Engraved marble, granite[20]
Flower gifts[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Year
Flower
1st Carnation
2nd Lily of the Valley
3rd Sunflower
4th Hydrangea
5th Daisy
6th Calla
7th Freesia
8th Lilac
9th Bird of paradise
10th Daffodil
11th Tulip
12th Peony
13th Chrysanthemum
14th Dahlia
15th Rose
20th Aster
25th Iris
28th Orchid
30th Lily
40th Gladiolus
50th Yellow rose, violet
Gemstone gifts[edit]
Year
Gemstone[21]
1st Mother of Pearl
2nd Garnet
3rd Moonstone
4th Blue Topaz
5th Rose Quartz
6th Amethyst
7th Onyx
8th Tourmaline
9th Lapis Lazuli
10th Crystal or green Tourmaline
11th Turquoise
12th Jade
13th Citrine
14th Opal
15th Rhodolite
20th Emerald
25th Tsavorite
30th Pearl
40th Ruby
50th Gold
60th Diamond
65th Sapphire
See also[edit]
Hierarchy of precious substances
List of people with the longest marriages
Book: Wedding anniversary gifts
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Wedding anniversaries.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Debrett's Everyday Etiquette". British Wedding Anniversaries. Retrieved 22 October 2012.
Jump up ^ "Who is entitled?". The Monarchy Today. Retrieved 6 April 2009.
Jump up ^ "Queen and anniversary messages". The Monarchy Today. Retrieved 6 April 2009.
Jump up ^ "It's an Honour – Anniversary Messages". Australian Government. 25 January 2008. Retrieved 11 February 2008.
Jump up ^ "Invite the Governor General" (Requires access). The Governor General of Canada. Retrieved 2 August 2010.
Jump up ^ "White House Greeting". About.com. The New York Times Company. Retrieved 3 February 2010.
Jump up ^ Office of Papal Charities. Vatican.va. Retrieved on 2015-05-13.
Jump up ^ "To Request a Papal Blessing". The Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson, Office of the Bishop. Retrieved 28 January 2008.
Jump up ^ Lee, Cookie (October 2001). Wedding Anniversaries: From Paper to Diamond. Ryland Peters & Small.
Jump up ^ "Wedding Anniversaries," compiled by librarians at the Chicago Public Library's Information Center (December 2000)
Jump up ^ Anderson, Charles. "The Exchange," RQ 25 (1985): 175.
Jump up ^ The World Almanac and Book of Facts, Mahwah, New Jersey: World Almanac Books, 1997.
Jump up ^ World Book Encyclopedia, 1997 ed., s.v. "Wedding Anniversary".
Jump up ^ Pears Cyclopaedia, 1978–79 edition, "Wedding Anniversaries". L128.
Jump up ^ "The platinum wedding anniversary of Jim and Gladys Till". Lancaster Guardian, 8 January 2008.
Jump up ^ "Tenor and wife toast 70 years of marriage". North West Evening Mail, 15 August 2008.
Jump up ^ "They've been around the world in 70 years". Portsmouth News, 29 July 2008.
Jump up ^ Miller, Vikki (24 May 2008). "Britain's longest married couple celebrate a quiet 80th anniversary". The Telegraph.
Jump up ^ Facts and figures The British Monarchy
Jump up ^ "Hallmark's top tips for the perfect wedding anniversary gift". The Hallmark Blog.
Jump up ^ Gemstone Anniversary List. Anniversary-gifts-by-year.com (2015-05-01). (Retrieved 2018-08-02.)
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text:
Cutis verticis gyrata
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Cutis verticis gyratann
Classification and external resources
OMIM
219300 605685 304200
[edit on Wikidata]
Cutis verticis gyrata (CVG) is a medical condition usually associated with thickening of the scalp.[1] People show visible folds, ridges or creases on the surface of the top of the scalp.[2] The number of folds can vary from two to roughly ten and are typically soft and spongy. These folds cannot be corrected with pressure. The condition typically affects the central and rear regions of the scalp, but sometimes can involve the entire scalp.
Hair loss can occur over time where the scalp thickens, though hair within any furrows remains normal. Thus far, due to the (apparent) rarity of the condition, limited research exists and causes are as yet undetermined. What is known, is that the condition is not exclusively congenital.
The condition was first reported by Alibert in 1837,[3] who called it cutis sulcata.[4] A clinical description of the condition was provided by Robert[who?] in 1843[5] and was named by Unna in 1907.[6] It has also been called Robert-Unna syndrome, bulldog scalp, corrugated skin, cutis verticis plicata, and pachydermia verticis gyrata.[7]
Contents
1 Classifications
2 Cause
3 Diagnosis
4 Treatment
5 See also
6 References
Classifications[edit]
CVG is classified according to the presence, or lack of underlying cause. Studies suggest that CVG often occurs in individuals in a secondary form to other ailments. However, the condition can also be present on its own. CVG can be classified into two forms: ‘primary’ (essential and non-essential) and ‘secondary’.[8]
The classifications are:
Primary essential
Primary non-essential
Secondary
Primary essential CVG is where the cause of the condition in unknown. It has no other associated abnormalities. This occurs mainly in men, with a male:female ratio of 5 or 6:1, and develops during or soon after puberty. Because of the slow progression of the condition, which usually occurs without symptom, it often passes unnoticed in the early stage.[9]
Primary non essential CVG can be associated with neuropsychiatric disorders including cerebral palsy, epilepsy, seizures and ophthalmologic abnormalities, most commonly cataracts.
Secondary CVG occurs as a consequence of a number of diseases or drugs that produce changes in scalp structure. These include: acromegaly (excessive growth hormone levels due to pituitary gland tumours), excessive drug use that mimics acromegaly (including the injection of growth hormone itself and drugs that stimulate growth hormone output, such as GHRP-6 and CJC-1295), melanocytic naevi (moles), birthmarks (including connective tissue naevi, fibromas and naevus lipomatosus), and inflammatory processes (e.g., eczema, psoriasis, Darier disease, folliculitis, impetigo, atopic dermatitis, acne).
Cause[edit]
At this time, causes are unknown, but it's said it is not congenital.
Diagnosis[edit]
There is no clinical diagnosis for CVG as these cases are rarely seen and is often comorbid with other conditions.
Treatment[edit]
The only current medical treatment for this condition is limited to plastic surgery with excision of the folds by means of scalp reduction/surgical resection. Scalp subcision has also been suggested as a treatment.[10] Additional suggestions also include injections of a dermal filler (e.g., (poly-L-lactic acid)).[11]
See also[edit]
Skin lesion
List of cutaneous conditions
References[edit]
Notes
Jump up ^ James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology (10th ed.). Saunders. p. 572. ISBN 0-7216-2921-0.
Jump up ^ Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St. Louis: Mosby. p. 1502. ISBN 1-4160-2999-0.
Jump up ^ Tan O, Ergen D (July 2006). "Primary essential cutis verticis gyrata in an adult female patient: a case report". J. Dermatol. 33 (7): 492–5. doi:10.1111/j.1346-8138.2006.00116.x. PMID 16848824.
Jump up ^ http://scholar.valpo.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1040&context=jmms -- See page 82 of J Mind Med Sci. 2016; 3(1): 80-87.
Jump up ^ http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1113735-overview
Jump up ^ Unna PG. Cutis verticis gyrata. Monatschr Prakt Derm. 1907. 45:227-33.
Jump up ^ Levine, Norman (2004). Dermatology Therapy A-Z Essentials. Berlin New York: Springer. p. 166. ISBN 978-3-540-00864-4.
Jump up ^ Radwanski, Henrique N.; Rocha Almeida, Marcelo Wilson; Pitanguy, Ivo (2009). "Primary essential cutis verticis gyrata – a case report". Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery. 62 (11): e430–e433. doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2008.06.062. ISSN 1748-6815.
Jump up ^ Okamoto K, Ito J, Tokiguchi S, Ishikawa K, Furusawa T, Sakai K (October 2001). "MRI in essential primary cutis verticis gyrata". Neuroradiology. 43 (10): 841–4. doi:10.1007/s002340100591. PMID 11688700.
Jump up ^ Hsu YJ, Chang YJ, Su LH, Hsu YL (March 2009). "Using novel subcision technique for the treatment of primary essential cutis verticis gyrata". Int. J. Dermatol. 48 (3): 307–9. doi:10.1111/j.1365-4632.2009.03927.x. PMID 19261024.
Jump up ^ Unusual and rare complication described in San Francisco | CATIE - Canada's source for HIV and hepatitis C information
Bibliography
Nguyen NQ (October 2003). "Cutis verticis gyrata". Dermatol. Online J. 9 (4): 32. PMID 14594605.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cutis_verticis_gyrata&oldid=828524878"
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Little Mix
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Little Mix
Little Mix performing live in 2015
Background information
Origin
London, United Kingdom
Genres
Pop
R&B
dance-pop
Years active
2011–present
Labels
Syco
Columbia
Website
little-mix.com
Members
Perrie Edwards
Jesy Nelson
Leigh-Anne Pinnock
Jade Thirlwall
Little Mix are a British girl group formed in 2011 during the eighth series of the UK version of The X Factor. They are the first and, so far, only group to win the competition. Following their victory, they signed with Simon Cowell's record label Syco Music and released a cover of Damien Rice's "Cannonball" as their winner's single. The members are Jade Thirlwall, Perrie Edwards, Leigh-Anne Pinnock, and Jesy Nelson.[1]
Little Mix released their debut album DNA in 2012, which peaked inside the top 10 in ten countries including the UK and US. This made Little Mix the first girl group since the Pussycat Dolls to reach the US top 5 with their debut album, as well as earning the highest debut US chart position by a British girl group, breaking the record previously held by the Spice Girls.[2] In the UK, the album spawned the number-one single "Wings". The group's sophomore effort Salute, which was released in 2013, became their second album to debut inside the top 10 in both the UK and US.[3] The album produced two top 10 singles in their home country; "Move" and "Salute". Little Mix released their third studio album Get Weird in 2015 and it is their best-selling and longest charting album to date in the UK.[4] The album's lead single "Black Magic" reached number one in the UK and was also nominated for two Brit Awards in 2016.[5] The group's fourth studio album Glory Days (2016) became their first number one album in the UK and was also the longest reigning girl group Number 1 since the Spice Girls' debut album 20 years earlier.[6] The album's lead single "Shout Out to My Ex" became the group's fourth UK number one single, while the second and fourth singles, "Touch" and "Power", became the group's tenth and eleventh top 10 singles in the UK, respectively.
The group won Best British Single for "Shout Out to My Ex" at the 2017 Brit Awards; they have also received several other awards during their career, including two MTV Europe Music Awards, two Teen Choice Awards and two Glamour Awards. As of October 2016, the group has achieved four platinum certified albums and eleven certified singles in the UK.[7] With four UK number one singles and highest first week UK album sales for a girl band since the Spice Girls, Little Mix are one of the most successful female acts in contemporary British popular culture: they appeared on Debrett's 2017 list of the most influential people in the UK.[8] Little Mix currently holds the record for the most VEVO Certified Videos for a British female artist, as well as the most certified videos for a girl group, with 11 certified videos in total.[9]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 2011: Formation and The X Factor
1.2 2012–2013: DNA and international breakthrough
1.3 2013–2014: Salute and "Word Up!"
1.4 2015–2016: Get Weird
1.5 2016–present: Glory Days and reissue
2 Influences
3 Other ventures
3.1 Products and endorsements
3.2 Philanthropy
4 Members
4.1 Perrie Edwards
4.2 Jesy Nelson
4.3 Leigh-Anne Pinnock
4.4 Jade Thirlwall
5 Discography
6 Concert tours
7 Awards and nominations
8 References
9 External links
History
2011: Formation and The X Factor
In 2011, Edwards, Thirlwall, Pinnock, and Nelson individually auditioned successfully as soloists for the eighth series of the UK version of The X Factor,[10] but failed the first challenge of the "bootcamp" section.[11] They were allowed another chance to compete when they were placed in two separate ensembles by the judges during the "group bootcamp" stage, with Edwards and Nelson in four-member group Faux Pas and Thirlwall and Pinnock in three-member group Orion.[11][12] Both groups failed to make it through to the next stage. A later decision recalled two members from each group to form the four-piece group Rhythmix, sending them through to the "judges' houses" section.[13]
Little Mix in 2012.
They reached the live shows section and were mentored by Tulisa Contostavlos.[14] During the first live show on 8 October 2011, Rhythmix performed Super Bass by American recording artist Nicki Minaj. Their rendition was praised by the judges with Gary Barlow calling them the "best girl band that’s ever been on The X Factor."[15] On 26 October 2011, the band announced that they would change their name following a dispute with Rhythmix, a Brighton-based children's music charity of the same name, after the programme tried to trademark "Rhythmix".[16][17] A spokesman for The X Factor said, "At the request of the charity Rhythmix, the members of the girl group Rhythmix have decided to change their name, a decision which has the support of Syco and TalkbackTHAMES."[18] It was reported that the group decided to make the change, with no legal requirement to do so, to avoid any difficulties for the charity.[18] On 28 October 2011, it was announced that the group's new name would be "Little Mix".[19]
On 20 November 2011, Little Mix became the first girl group in the show's eight-year history to progress past the seventh live show. The previous longest-surviving girl groups were The Conway Sisters (series 2) and Hope (series 4), who had both lasted until week 7.[20] Through the remaining course of the competition the group generally received positive feedback. During the semi-final stage of the show, Little Mix performed The Supremes's You Keep Me Hangin' On as well as Beyoncé’s hit If I Were a Boy. Their performance of You Keep Me Hangin' On received mostly negative feedback from the judges with Louis Walsh stating that they "lost their mojo" and Kelly Rowland telling the girl group she had seen them do "better vocal performances." Their second performance of the night, If I Were A Boy, was generally acclaimed by the judges with Walsh telling them they have "amazing potential" and calling them the "next big girl band." Rowland also told them they could be "incredibly dynamic" and "change the world" when they find the strength within each other. The group advanced through to the final live shows along with Marcus Collins and Amelia Lily following the public vote.
On 11 December, Little Mix were announced as the winners, the first time a group had won the British version of the show and the second (of three) in the worldwide franchise (after Random on the first series of the Australian version[21] and later Alex & Sierra on the third series of the United States version).[22][23] Their winner's single was a cover of Damien Rice's song "Cannonball", which was released via digital download on 11 December 2011, and on CD on 14 December 2011.[24][25] The Xtra Factor: The Winner's Story was shown on ITV2 on 17 December 2011.[26] Their debut single topped the UK Singles Chart on 18 December 2011.[27] They made the Christmas number one spot on the Irish Singles Chart, beating novelty songs by The Saw Doctors and Ryan Sheridan.[28]
[show]The X Factor performances and results
Show
Song choice
Theme
Result
Perrie Edwards
Jesy Nelson
Leigh-Anne Pinnock
Jade Thirlwall
Auditions
"You Oughta Know" "Bust Your Windows" "Only Girl (in the World)" "I Wanna Hold Your Hand" Free choice Through to bootcamp
Bootcamp 1
"Breakeven" "Price Tag" "Price Tag" "Firework" Bootcamp challenge Through to groups category [a]
Bootcamp 2
"Survivor" (with 'Faux Pas') "Yeah 3x" (with 'Orion') Free choice Regrouped/through to judges' houses
Judges' houses
"Big Girls Don't Cry" Through to live shows
"Cry Me a River"
Live show 1
"Super Bass" Britain vs. America Saved by Tulisa Contostavlos
Live show 2
"I'm Like a Bird" Love and heartbreak Safe (4th)
Live show 3
"Tik Tok"/"Push It" Rock Safe (6th)
Live show 4
"E.T." Halloween Safe (2nd)
Live show 5
"Don't Stop the Music" Dancefloor fillers Safe (4th)
Live show 6
"Telephone"/"Radio Ga Ga" Lady Gaga vs. Queen Safe (3rd)
Live show 7
"Don't Let Go (Love)" Movies Safe (1st)
Live show 8
"Baby"/"Where Did Our Love Go" Guilty pleasures Safe (2nd)
"Beautiful" Heroes
Semi-final
"You Keep Me Hangin' On" Motown Safe (1st)
"If I Were a Boy" Songs to get you to the final
Final
"You've Got the Love"[29] Free choice Safe (1st)
"If I Ain't Got You"/"Empire State of Mind" (with Tulisa Contostavlos)[30] Mentor duet
"Don't Let Go (Love)" Favourite performance Winner (1st)
"Silent Night" Christmas
"Cannonball"[31] Winner's single
2012–2013: DNA and international breakthrough
Little Mix performing on the DNA Tour (2013).
On 25 January 2012, Little Mix made an appearance at the National Television Awards and performed the En Vogue song "Don't Let Go (Love)". They also accompanied fellow judges Gary Barlow and Tulisa Contostavlos on stage to receive the Best Talent Show award that had been won by The X Factor.[32] In May 2012, Little Mix reportedly signed a deal with Vivid and Bravado to release signature products including dolls, puzzles, accessories and games.[33] Prior to their debut single release, the band covered an a cappella version of Beyoncé’s "End of Time" and uploaded it on YouTube; the cover was publicly praised, especially for the group’s impressive harmonies.[34] Later in August, they also uploaded another cover, this time an acoustic cover of "We Are Young" by Fun ft. Janelle Monáe which again received positive feedback, generally, for the group’s harmonies. On 1 June, a snippet of their debut single "Wings" previewed on chat show Alan Carr: Chatty Man before its later release date in August.[35]
Little Mix performed their debut single "Wings" for the first time at the T4 on the Beach concert on 1 July.[36] The single debuted at number one on the UK Singles Chart.[37] On 31 August 2012, the group's autobiography, titled Ready to Fly, was released by Harper Collins.[38][39][40][41] In October 2012, the group went on a promotional visit to Australia due to their expanding fan base there, destinations included Melbourne and Sydney. The trip lasted a week and the group visited radio stations to promote the single and debut album. They performed their single "Wings" on The X Factor Australia and on Australian breakfast-television show Sunrise. "Wings" subsequently reached number 2 on the Australian iTunes chart and number 3 on the ARIA charts.[42] Their debut album, DNA, was released in November 2012. Nicola Roberts co-penned a track called "Going Nowhere." on the DNA album[43] The album reached #3 in both Ireland and the UK. A second single, "DNA", was released in October,[44] and in January 2013 they signed a record deal with Columbia Records in North America.[45] "Wings" was released as their debut single in America on 5 February 2013.[46] On 3 February 2013, they released "Change Your Life" as the album's third single, which charted at number 12 on the UK Singles Chart.[47] On 4 March 2013, it was announced that "How Ya Doin'?" would be released as the fourth and final single from their debut album.[48]
On 21 March, they announced that their next single, "How Ya Doin'?", would feature Grammy Award-winning musician Missy Elliott.[49] On 4 April 2013, the group revealed that Schwarzkopf hair dye Live Colour XXL would be promoted through their music video for "How Ya Doin'?" in a new sponsorship deal.[50] "How Ya Doin'?" debuted at number 57 on the UK Singles Chart on 20 April 2013, before ascending to number 23 the week after.[51] In its third week, the song peaked at number 16,[52] marking Little Mix's fifth consecutive UK top 20 hit.[53] It charted for a further seven weeks.[53] "How Ya Doin'?" sold 120,000 copies in the UK. The single debuted at number 55 on the Irish Singles Chart on 11 April 2013.[54] It then climbed the chart to peak at number 26. Consequently, "How Ya Doin'?" became Little Mix's first single to miss the top 20 in Ireland, but spent a total of seven weeks on the chart.[55] The single peaked at number 16 on the Scottish Singles Chart on 11 May 2013,[56] marking the group's fifth consecutive top 20 hit in Scotland.[57]
2013–2014: Salute and "Word Up!"
In March 2013, Little Mix began their first promotional campaign in the US. In multiple interviews with various websites and radio interviewers, the girls said that they would begin working on their second album in April. The group began work writing and recording the album in April and concluded in September. In an interview with Digital Spy in March 2013, they stated that they wanted their second album to have a more R&B sound.[58] Nelson added: "I personally want to put a lot more dancey stuff in there. As in, one of the songs that comes on in a club that makes you want to dance. Not that David Guetta sound, but more R&B – a bit like Eve and Gwen Stefani's "Let Me Blow Ya Mind". They also revealed that they would be starting to write material for the new album in the coming months.[58] On 4 October, they uploaded a video to their official YouTube page, announcing that their second album would be called Salute and would be available for pre-order on 7 October.[59] The album was released on 11 November 2013 in the United Kingdom and was released in the United States on 4 February 2014.[60] Throughout the recording process, Little Mix worked with several producers, including TMS, Future Cut, Fred Ball, Duvall and Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis. The album was largely co-written by Little Mix, who stated that they were more involved in the development of this album than with their debut.
Little Mix in February 2014.
On 23 September 2013, "Move" was premiered on BBC Radio 1. For the single, Little Mix worked with Nathan Duvall, an up-and-coming R&B producer and Maegan Cottone the girl's vocal coach. "Move" was released on 7 October in Australia and New Zealand. It was later released in the UK and Ireland on 3 November.[61] It was sent to Mainstream Radio in the US on 18 February 2014 and reached number 38 on that chart. The song peaked at number three in the UK, number 5 in Ireland, number 19 in Japan and number 12 in New Zealand. The single also charted in Australia, Belgium, the Netherlands and Slovak. Since then, "Move" has been certified gold in Australia for sales of 35,000[62] and silver in the UK for sales of 200,000.[63] "Little Me" was selected as the second single from the album. The song was co-written by TMS and Iain James, and produced by TMS. On 21 November 2013, Little Mix revealed via a YouTube video message that they decided to release it as the second single because it held a lot meaning to them and was written with their fans in mind.[64] The song reached number 14 in the UK, number fifteen in Iceland and number 16 in the Netherlands. It also charted in Australia, Ireland and Lebanon. The band released a cover version of the Cameo's song "Word Up!" as the official single for Sport Relief 2014.[65][66] The song reached number six in the UK and number thirteen in Ireland while also charting in Australia, Austria, Denmark and France.
Little Mix announced on 5 April 2014 that the title track "Salute" will be released as the album's third single. It impacted UK radio on 28 April 2014.[67] The official music video premiered on 2 May and received over one million views within 24 hours.[68] It was released on 1 June. In December 2013, the group announced the UK and Ireland dates for their second headlining concert tour, The Salute Tour, North American dates were added in April 2014. The tour began on 16 May 2014 in Birmingham, England at the LG Arena and ended on 27 July 2014 in Scarborough, North Yorkshire at the Scarborough Open Air Theatre. Little Mix were expected to begin the North American leg of the tour in September 2014, but it was cancelled due to them wanting to work on their next album.[69]
2015–2016: Get Weird
Little Mix performing on the Get Weird Tour (2016).
At the 2015 Brit Awards, the group confirmed that their album was completed, describing it as having a "whole new sound" and projecting the release for sometime in 2015.[70] Having written over 100 songs for their forthcoming album,[71] In May 2015 Little Mix released the lead single "Black Magic" from their third studio album. The song debuted at number one in the UK and remained at the top of the chart for three weeks, becoming the first single by a girl group to do so since Sugababes's "About You Now" in October 2007.[72][73] The single also reached number eight in Australia and number 67 in the US, becoming their highest peaking single on Billboard Hot 100. The group performed the song for the first time in June 2015 for Capital's Summertime Ball at the Wembley Stadium along with some of their previous hits. "Black Magic" was also performed the song at the Teen Choice Awards in August 2015, after they received the award as Breakout Artist. Little Mix also co-wrote Britney Spears' single "Pretty Girls", which was also released in May 2015.[74]
On 15 July 2015 Little Mix officially announced on Twitter that their third studio album would be titled Get Weird, and would be available for pre-order in the UK from the following day, with a global release date set for 6 November 2015.[75] On 25 September the group released "Love Me Like You" as the second single from the album, it was released as a single only in the UK, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand. The group performed the song for the first time at X Factor Australia in October 2015, then at the Royal Albert Hall in December 2015 and at the Capital Jingle Bell Ball. The group's third studio album Get Weird debuted at number two in the UK becoming their highest charting album there.[76] In the US the album peaked at number thirteen on Billboard 200 making Little Mix the only girl group from the UK to have their first three albums debut in the top fifteen of the Billboard 200.[77] The album has been certified double platinum in the UK and has sold over 600,000 copies there as of August 2016, making it their best selling album yet.[78] The group performed a medley of "Black Magic" and "Sax" with the former UK X Factor contestant Fleur East on the season finale of X Factor. On 5 December the group announced on Twitter that "Secret Love Song" featuring the American R&B singer Jason Derulo would be released as the albums third single. The single reached number six on the UK Singles Chart. On 24 February 2016 the group performed "Black Magic" at the 2016 Brit Awards, where they were nominated for Best British Single and British Artist Video.
On 13 March 2016 Little Mix embarked on The Get Weird Tour to promote the album, the arena tour consist of 60 dates across Europe, Australia and Asia. The Get Weird tour holds the record for being the highest selling UK arena tour of 2016 with over 300,000 tickets sold in the UK alone.[79][80] On 11 April 2016, the group announced that "Hair" would serve as the fourth single from Get Weird, and would feature newly recorded guest vocals from reggae pop recording artist Sean Paul. The single was released on 15 April 2016 and reached number 11 on the UK chart while peaking at number 10 in Australia making it their fourth top 10 single there.[81]
2016–present: Glory Days and reissue
On 21 June 2016 it was revealed that the group had begun work on their fourth studio album; they later confirmed that they would be releasing new music "before Christmas".[82] In an interview at V Festival in Chelmsford, the group announced that the lead single from their fourth studio album would be released in October 2016.[83] On 13 October 2016, Little Mix announced the song's title as "Shout Out to My Ex" and that their fourth studio album would be called Glory Days. "Shout Out to My Ex" was released on 16 October 2016, following the first live performance of the song on The X Factor.[84] The song debuted at number one on the UK Singles Chart becoming their fourth chart topping single there.[85] It sold 67,000 downloads in its opening week, becoming the biggest opening week download sales for a song in 2016 in the UK.[85] Glory Days was released on 18 November 2016, and debuted at number one on the UK album chart, becoming the group's first UK number one album.[86][87] The album sold 96,000 copies in combined sales in the first week which is the highest first week sales for a UK girl group number one album since the Spice Girls in 1997 and the fastest-selling number one album by any girl group in 15 years, since Destiny’s Child's Survivor in 2001.[87] Glory Days has spent five weeks at number one on the UK album chart as of 13 January 2017, making it the longest reigning girl group number one since Spice Girls' debut 20 years ago, surpassing Destiny's Child's Survivor.[6] The album has reached number-one in Ireland, and debuted at number-two in Australia,[88] and in the top 10 in the Netherlands, New Zealand and Spain.[89][90][91]
Little Mix announced on 5 December 2016, that "Touch" would be released as the second single from Glory Days; it was released on 18 December 2016, and has reached number four in the UK [92] At the 2017 Brit Awards the group got nominated for three awards, winning Best British Single for "Shout out to My Ex", they also performed the song at the awards show. "No More Sad Songs" was released on 3 March 2017, as the third single from "Glory Days". The group is set to embark on The Glory Days Tour in support of their fourth studio album Glory Days; it is scheduled to begin on 24 May 2017, in Europe with the first UK date being on 9 October in Scotland.[93][94] "Power" was released on 26 May 2017, as the fourth single from "Glory Days".
A reissue of Glory Days is scheduled for release on 24 November 2017, and will feature a revised track listing of four remixed songs, three new songs, as well as a bonus documentary.[95]
Influences
Perrie Edwards cites Christina Aguilera, Whitney Houston, Mariah Carey, Michael Jackson and Steve Perry from the American rock band Journey as her musical influences.[96] Jesy Nelson said to be inspired by Spice Girls, TLC and Missy Elliott. Leigh Anne Pinnock cites Mariah Carey as her biggest influence and Jade Thirlwall references Diana Ross as her favourite singer. Little Mix cite Beyoncé, Michael Jackson, Destiny’s Child, En Vogue and Rihanna as their musical influences.[96][97]
Other ventures
Products and endorsements
In May 2012, Little Mix launched a Union Flag-themed pack of M&M’s and performed at the M&M's World store in London.[98] That year they also released their first book, called Ready to Fly. The title is a reference to their debut single "Wings". The book was published through HarperCollins and documents the group's journey since auditioning for The X Factor.[99] The girl group signed a joint deal with toymaker Vivid and music merchandiser Bravado to release a range of products including dolls, puzzles, accessories and games in November.[100]
During 2012, Little Mix also unveiled a children's clothing range with clothing retailer Primark. The line is aimed to 7–13 year olds and comprises accessories, T-shirts, leggings and nightwear.[101] In 2013, the group promoted Schwarzkopf hair dye Live Colour XXL through their music video for "How Ya Doin'?".[50] That year the group also launched a range of nails and nail wraps in partnership with Elegant Touch and New Look.[102] In early 2014, Little Mix launched their new range of nails with Elegant Touch as a result of the previous success.[103] In September 2013, Little Mix launched their first makeup line with Collection.[104] During May 2014, the group teamed up with Vibe Audio to bring out Little Mix zip cable headphones.[105] In June 2015, Little Mix launched their debut fragrance "Gold Magic".[106] In December 2015, it was announced that Little Mix would be the new global ambassadors for the women's fitness brand USA Pro. They are currently designing their own collection for the brand.[107] In July 2016, Little Mix launched their second fragrance "Wishmaker".[108]
Philanthropy
Little Mix took part in the recording of the 2011 X Factor charity single along with the finalists of the X Factor 2011 and previous X Factor contestants JLS and One Direction.[109] They covered the 1978 hit single "Wishing on a Star" by Rose Royce. All proceeds from the single went to the children's charity Together for Short Lives, which provides ongoing care and support for seriously and terminally ill children, young people and their families from the moment of diagnosis. The song debuted at number one on the UK Singles Chart with first-week sales of 98,932 copies. In 2012, the band performed their single "Change Your Life" on the Children In Need 2012 broadcast appeal show, helping raise over £26,757,446 for the cause which helps disadvantaged children in the UK.[110] Little Mix also appeared at the two-part charity concert Children in Need Rocks 2013 to raise money for the campaign, performing a medley of their singles "Change Your Life", "DNA" and "Wings". They performed alongside Kings of Leon, Ellie Goulding, Robbie Williams and other artists. The concert was broadcast on BBC One during the Children In Need week.[111]
In March 2014, Little Mix teamed up with BeatBullying, the largest anti-bullying organization in Europe. The quartet is backing the anti-bullying media campaign "The Big March" and the #DeleteCyberbullying project. The campaign is urging the European Commission to introduce new laws to protect children from bullying and cyberbullying, for 77 million euros (£57m) to be set aside for services that protect them and for an annual awareness day to promote the movement. Pinnock said: "Myself and the girls have all experienced being bullied at some point in our life. When we see on Twitter that some of our fans are going through it now we find it so upsetting and that's the reason we feel so passionate about this campaign and the work that BeatBullying does."[112] In March 2014, Little Mix released a cover of Cameo's single "Word Up!" as the official single for Sport Relief 2014. They performed it live during the Sport Relief telethon which raised a record-breaking £51,242,186 on the night it was broadcast. The group also visited Liberia to witness the good work paid for by the Sport Relief donations. Each member recorded a video diary in which they visited local hospitals and described their experiences.[113]
Members
Perrie Edwards (above left), Jesy Nelson (above right), Leigh-Anne Pinnock (below left) and Jade Thirlwall (below right)
Perrie Edwards
Perrie Louise Edwards[114] was born on (1993-07-10) 10 July 1993 (age 24),[115] and raised in the Whiteleas neighborhood of South Shields, Tyne and Wear,[116] to parents Alexander Edwards and Deborah Duffy. She has an older brother named Jonnie, and a younger half-sister named Caitlin Edwards, on her father's side. Her first audition was "You Oughta Know" by Alanis Morissette.[117] Edwards attended Radipole Primary School in Weymouth, Dorset before moving back to South Shields.[118] She is a graduate of St. Peter and Paul RC Primary School, in South Shields, and attended Mortimer Community College, also in South Shields, for five years, where she excelled in both academic and performance subjects.[118] Edwards transferred and graduated from Newcastle College, where she received a BTEC in Performing Arts.[118] She began dating UK singer and former One Direction member Zayn Malik in May 2012. The couple got engaged in August 2013 but broke up in August 2015.[119] She also had a brief romance with Skins actor Luke Pasqualino between August and October 2016.[120][121] In February 2017, Edwards was confirmed to be dating footballer Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain.[122][123]
Jesy Nelson
Jessica Louise Nelson[114] was born on (1991-06-14) 14 June 1991 (age 26),[124] and raised in Romford, east London to parents John Nelson and Janice White. She has an older sister Jade and two brothers, Joseph and Jonathan.[125][126] Her first audition was "Bust Your Windows" by Jazmine Sullivan.[127] Since joining Little Mix, she has faced cyber-bullying and struggled to cope during her time on The X Factor.[126] Nelson attended secondary school Jo Richardson Community School and Abbs Cross Academy and Arts College (in Hornchurch, Essex), was noted for being a dedicated drama and music student by her teachers.[128] She also attended Sylvia Young and Yvonne Rhodes Theatre Schools. In 2014, Nelson began dating Rixton lead singer, Jake Roche.[129] The couple became engaged on 19 July 2015,[130] but broke up in November 2016.[131]
Leigh-Anne Pinnock
Leigh-Anne Pinnock was born on (1991-10-04) 4 October 1991 (age 26),[132] and raised in High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire.[133] Pinnock is of Barbadian and Jamaican ancestry.[134] Before joining Little Mix, she worked as a waitress in Pizza Hut.[135] Her first audition was "Only Girl (In the World)" by Rihanna.[127] In February 2015, Pinnock launched a Tumblr fashion blog called "Leigh Loves".[136]
Jade Thirlwall
Jade Amelia Thirlwall[114] was born on (1992-12-26) 26 December 1992 (age 24),[137] and raised in the Laygate neighbourhood of South Shields, Tyne and Wear.[138] She has one-quarter Egyptian ancestry and one-quarter Yemeni ancestry.[139] She also auditioned for The X Factor in 2008 and 2010 but got eliminated at Bootcamp stage. She attended performing arts college South Tyneside, where she studied a range of courses.[118] She revealed in the group's book, Our World, that she struggled with anorexia nervosa after experiencing bullying at school, and the death of her grandfather.[140] Jade is a supporter of the LGBT community, and she considers RuPaul her idol.[141]
Discography
Main article: Little Mix discography
DNA (2012)
Salute (2013)
Get Weird (2015)
Glory Days (2016)
Concert tours
Headlining
DNA Tour (2013)
The Salute Tour (2014)
The Get Weird Tour (2016)
The Glory Days Tour (2017)
Supporting
The X Factor Live Tour (2012)
Demi Lovato – Neon Lights Tour (2014)
Ariana Grande – Dangerous Woman Tour (2017)
Awards and nominations
Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Little Mix
References
Jump up ^ "Little Mix". ITV. The X Factor. 2011. Retrieved 21 December 2011.
Jump up ^ "Simon Cowell Congratulates Little Mix After DNA Beats Spice Girls' Record Stateside". The Huffington Post. 5 June 2013.
Jump up ^ "Little Mix – Chart history – Billboard".
Jump up ^ "The Official Top 40 Biggest Albums of 2015 revealed".
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Jump up ^ Peak positions in Ireland:
For all except noted: Hung, Steffen. "Discography Little Mix". Irish Charts Portal. Hung Medien (Steffen Hung). Retrieved 2 June 2013.
For "DNA": "GFK Chart-Track". Irish Recorded Music Association. Retrieved 2 June 2013.
Jump up ^ "Archive Chart". The Official Charts Company. Archived from the original on 6 March 2011. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
Jump up ^ Peak positions for singles in Scotland:
For "Cannonball": "Chart Archive > December 24, 2011". Official Charts Company. 24 December 2011. Archived from the original on 26 May 2013. Retrieved 26 May 2013.
For "Wings": "Chart Archive > September 8, 2012". Official Charts Company. 8 September 2012. Archived from the original on 26 May 2013. Retrieved 26 May 2013.
For "DNA": "Chart Archive > November 24, 2012". Official Charts Company. 24 November 2012. Archived from the original on 26 May 2013. Retrieved 26 May 2013.
For "Change Your Life": "Chart Archive > February 23, 2013". Official Charts Company. 23 February 2013. Archived from the original on 26 May 2013. Retrieved 26 May 2013.
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Jump up ^ Bejamin, John (15 August 2016). "Little Mix Planning to Release Fourth Album 'Before Christmas'". fuse.tv. United States: Fuse Networks LLC. Retrieved 23 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Little Mix confirm brand new single is coming soon". United Kingdom: Official Charts Company. 22 August 2016. Retrieved 23 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Little Mix's Shout Out To My Ex Is ALREADY Number One On iTunes After INCREDIBLE X Factor Performance | MTV UK". Mtv.co.uk. 17 October 2016. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Copsey, Rob (21 October 2016). "Little Mix's Shout Out To My Ex debuts at Number 1". Officialcharts.com. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
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^ Jump up to: a b "Little Mix claim fastest-selling UK girl group Number 1 album since Spiceworld".
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Jump up ^ "Little Mix – Shout Out To My Ex". Dutch Charts. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
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Jump up ^ Copsey, Rob (5 December 2016). "Little Mix announce second single from Glory Days album". Officialcharts.com. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "Tour". little-mix.com. Retrieved 17 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "Little Mix's 2017 tour is so popular they've had to add 10 new dates". Digital Spy.
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^ Jump up to: a b "Little Mix's Aspirations, Musical Influences & Collaboration Wish List". 27 March 2013. Archived from the original on 28 March 2013. Retrieved 27 March 2013.
Jump up ^ Jason Lipshutz (22 June 2013). "Little Mix On Spice Girls Influence & U.S. Success: 'We Feel Like Justin Bieber'". Retrieved 27 March 2013.
Jump up ^ "Little Mix launch M&M's Union Jack pack". 25 May 2012. Retrieved 25 May 2012.
Jump up ^ "Little Mix: Ready to Fly (100% OFFICIAL)". HarperCollins. 2012. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
Jump up ^ "Little Mix to release range of dolls for Christmas". 29 May 2012. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
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Jump up ^ "Little Mix nails and nail wraps in new look". 2013. [dead link]
Jump up ^ "Little Mix Launch New Season Nail Collaboration". 2014. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
Jump up ^ Kierans, Katie. "Little Mix to launch exclusive makeup range". Irish Mirror. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
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Jump up ^ "Little Mix talk bullies". 2014. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
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^ Jump up to: a b c "Names of Little Mix". Maximum Pop!. Retrieved 8 November 2015.
Jump up ^ "Happy Birthday Perrie Edwards! Here's your best party looks…". Sugarscape. 30 November 2011. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
Jump up ^ "No place like home for Little Mix stars". www.shieldsgazette.com. Retrieved 2017-05-03.
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^ Jump up to: a b c d Lawson, Ruth. "Teachers back X Factor's Jade and Perrie". Chronicle Live. Retrieved 23 January 2015.
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Jump up ^ Clark, Minou (6 February 2017). "Perrie Edwards And Her New Boyfriend Are Instagram Official". Huffington Post. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Little Mix Glam Up As They Hit The Town For Jesy's 21st Birthday (PICS)". Huffington Post. 15 June 2012. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
Jump up ^ Ali, Safira (12 December 2011). "Romford's Jesy Nelson has made history by winning X Factor with Little Mix". Romford Recorder. Retrieved 22 December 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Jesy Nelson". Retrieved 22 December 2011.
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Jump up ^ Jackson, Marc. "Perfect Mix! Jesy Nelson appears to confirm she's dating Coleen Nolan's rocker son Jake Roche as they flirt up a storm after romantic meal". Daily Mail. Retrieved 23 January 2015.
Jump up ^ "Watch: Jesy Nelson & Jake Roche Getting Engaged In Front Of Ed Sheeran Is Just Too Perfect". Capital. 21 July 2015.
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Jump up ^ "Leigh-Anne Pinnock – 4th October". Capital. Retrieved 22 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "High Wycombe-born pop star Leigh-Anne Pinnock looks set to top album charts for first time with Little Mix". Watford Observer. 22 November 2016.
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Jump up ^ Hamad, Marwa (27 November 2013). "Little Mix Want to Make Their Mark". tabloid!. Gulf News. Retrieved 1 February 2016.
Jump up ^ Roth, Madeline (20 October 2016). "Little Mix's Jade Thirlwall Reveals Her Devastating Battle With Anorexia". MTV. Retrieved 22 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Little Mix's Jade Thirwall slays homophobic fan with epic comeback". Retrieved 30 May 2017.
External links
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Little_Mix&oldid=809058307"
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2011 establishments in England
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