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United States Ambassador to Saudi Arabia
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Ambassador of the United States to Saudi Arabia
سفير الولايات المتحدة الأميركية في المملكة العربية السعودية
Seal of the United States Department of State
Incumbent
Christopher Henzel
Chargé d'Affaires a.i
since January 9, 2017
Residence
Quincy House
Nominator
The President of the United States
Inaugural holder
Bert Fish
as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary
Formation
Aug 7, 1939
Website
U.S. Embassy - Riyadh
The United States recognized the government of King Ibn Saud in 1931, but it was not until 1939 when it appointed its first U.S. ambassador to Saudi Arabia, Bert Fish, then resident in Cairo and ambassador to Egypt. Fish made one trip down to Jeddah in 1940 to meet the King and present his credentials, but it was not until after his mission was terminated that a legation was established there on May 1, 1942. The position has been vacant since the departure from Riyadh January 9, 2017 of ambassador Joseph W. Westphal, with Christopher Henzel as Chargé d'Affaires a.i.

Contents
[hide]
1 Ambassadors
2 Notes
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
Ambassadors[edit]
U.S. diplomatic terms
Career FSO
After 1915, The United States Department of State began classifying ambassadors as career Foreign Service Officers (FSOs) for those who have served in the Foreign Service for a specified amount of time.

Political appointee
A person who is not a career foreign service officer, but is appointed by the president (often as a reward to political friends).

Appointed
The date that the ambassador took the oath of office; also known as “commissioning”. It follows confirmation of a presidential appointment by the Senate, or a Congressional-recess appointment by the president. In the case of a recess appointment, the ambassador requires subsequent confirmation by the Senate.

Presented credentials
The date that the ambassador presented his letter of credence to the head of state or appropriate authority of the receiving nation. At this time the ambassador officially becomes the representative of his country. This would normally occur a short time after the ambassador’s arrival on station. The host nation may reject the ambassador by not receiving the ambassador’s letter, but this occurs only rarely.

Terminated mission
Usually the date that the ambassador left the country. In some cases a letter of recall is presented, ending the ambassador’s commission, either as a means of diplomatic protest or because the diplomat is being reassigned elsewhere and replaced by another envoy.

Chargé d'affaires
The person in charge of the business of the embassy when there is no ambassador commissioned to the host country. See chargé d'affaires.

Ad interim
Latin phrase meaning "for the time being", "in the meantime". See ad interim.
Bert Fish[1] - Political appointee
Title: Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Aug 7, 1939
Presentation of Credentials: Feb 4, 1940
Termination of Mission: Left Cairo Feb 28, 1941
Note: After Fish had withdrawn but before Kirk presented credentials as non-resident Minister, the Legation in Jidda was established on May 1, 1942, with James S. Moose, Jr., as Chargé d'Affaires ad interim.
Alexander C. Kirk[2] - Career FSO
Title: Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Feb 21, 1941
Presentation of Credentials: May 11, 1942
Termination of Mission: Superseded Jul 18, 1943
James S. Moose, Jr. - Career FSO
Title: Minister Resident/Foreign Service officer
Appointment: Jun 4, 1943
Presentation of Credentials: Jul 18, 1943
Termination of Mission: Left post Aug 18, 1944
William A. Eddy - Political appointee
Title: Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Aug 12, 1944
Presentation of Credentials: Sep 23, 1944
Termination of Mission: Left post May 28, 1946
J. Rives Childs[3] - Career FSO
Title: Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Apr 27, 1946
Presentation of Credentials: Jun 29, 1946
Termination of Mission: Promoted to Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
J. Rives Childs[4] - Career FS
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Mar 2, 1949
Presentation of Credentials: Mar 18, 1949
Termination of Mission: Left post Jul 21, 1950
Raymond A. Hare[5] - Career FSO
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Sep 20, 1950
Presentation of Credentials: Oct 24, 1950
Termination of Mission: Left post Jul 8, 1953
George Wadsworth[6][7] - Career FSO
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Oct 21, 1953
Presentation of Credentials: Jan 9, 1954
Termination of Mission: Left post Jan 1, 1958
Donald R. Heath[8] - Career FSO
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Nov 27, 1957
Presentation of Credentials: Jan 9, 1958
Termination of Mission: Left post, Apr 18, 1961
Parker T. Hart[9] - Career FSO
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Apr 6, 1961
Presentation of Credentials: Jul 22, 1961
Termination of Mission: Left post, May 29, 1965
William J. Porter[10] - Career FSO
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Hermann F. Eilts - Career FSO
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Oct 20, 1965
Presentation of Credentials: Jan 15, 1966
Termination of Mission: Left post, Jul 23, 1970
Nicholas G. Thacher - Career FSO
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Sep 8, 1970
Presentation of Credentials: Sep 22, 1970
Termination of Mission: Left post, Sep 19, 1973
James E. Akins - Career FSO
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Sep 20, 1973
Presentation of Credentials: Nov 7, 1973
Termination of Mission: Left post, Feb 10, 1975
William J. Porter - Career FSO
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Dec 22, 1975
Presentation of Credentials: Feb 21, 1976
Termination of Mission: Left post, May 27, 1977
John C. West - Political appointee
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Jun 8, 1977
Presentation of Credentials: Jun 29, 1977
Termination of Mission: Left post, Mar 21, 1981
Robert Gerhard Neumann - Political appointee
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointment: May 20, 1981
Presentation of Credentials: Jun 22, 1981
Termination of Mission: Left post, Jul 16, 1981
Richard W. Murphy[11] - Career FSO
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Aug 19, 1981
Presentation of Credentials: Aug 29, 1981
Termination of Mission: Left post, Aug 21, 1983
Walter Leon Cutler - Career FSO
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Feb 10, 1984
Presentation of Credentials: Mar 31, 1984
Termination of Mission: Left post Jun 22, 1987
Note: On Sep 26, 1984, the U.S. Liaison Office in Riyadh was raised to the rank of embassy while the embassy in Jeddah became a consulate.
Hume Alexander Horan - Career FSO
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Jul 2, 1987
Presentation of Credentials: Sep 22, 1987
Termination of Mission: Left post Apr 22, 1988
Walter Leon Cutler - Career FSO
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Jul 15, 1988
Presentation of Credentials: Aug 17, 1988
Termination of Mission: Left post Apr 30, 1989
Charles W. Freeman, Jr. - Career FSO
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Jun 15, 1989
Presentation of Credentials: Jan 14, 1990
Termination of Mission: Left post Aug 13, 1992
John Frank Bookout, Jr.[12] - Political appointee
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Note: C. David Welch served as Chargé d'Affaires ad interim Aug 1992-Aug 1994.
Raymond Edwin Mabus, Jr. - Political appointee
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Jul 5, 1994
Presentation of Credentials: Aug 1, 1994
Termination of Mission: Left post Apr 25, 1996
Wyche Fowler, Jr.[13] - Political appointee
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Aug 9, 1996
Presentation of Credentials: Sep 14, 1996
Termination of Mission: Left post Mar 1, 2001
Robert W. Jordan - Political appointee
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Oct 5, 2001
Presentation of Credentials: Jun 30, 2002
Termination of Mission: Left post Oct 13, 2003
James C. Oberwetter - Political appointee
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Dec 11, 2003
Presentation of Credentials: Oct 10, 2004
Termination of Mission: Left post, Mar 31, 2007
Ford M. Fraker[14] - Political appointee
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Mar 30, 2007
Presentation of Credentials: Sep 2, 2007
Termination of Mission: 2009
James B. Smith - Political appointee
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointment: September 16, 2009
Presentation of Credentials: Unknown
Termination of Mission: September 27, 2013
Joseph W. Westphal - Political appointee
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointment: March 2014
Presentation of Credentials: March 28, 2014
Termination of Mission: Left post January 9, 2017
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Also accredited to Egypt; resident at Cairo.
Jump up ^ Also accredited to Egypt and to the Government of Greece established in Egypt; resident at Cairo.
Jump up ^ Also accredited to Yemen; resident at Jidda.
Jump up ^ Also accredited to Yemen; resident at Jidda.
Jump up ^ Also accredited to Yemen; resident at Jidda.
Jump up ^ Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned after confirmation on Jan 26, 1954.
Jump up ^ Also accredited to Yemen; resident at Jidda.
Jump up ^ Also commissioned to Yemen, but did not present credentials in that country. Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned after confirmation on Jan 27, 1958.
Jump up ^ Also commissioned to Kuwait and Yemen; resident at Jidda.
Jump up ^ Not commissioned; nomination withdrawn before the Senate acted upon it.
Jump up ^ Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned after confirmation on Sep 29, 1981.
Jump up ^ Nomination of Jun 3, 1992 was not acted on by the Senate.
Jump up ^ Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned after confirmation on Oct 31, 1997.
Jump up ^ Had presented his credentials to the Foreign Minister, May 5, 2007.
See also[edit]
Saudi Arabia – United States relations
Foreign relations of Saudi Arabia
Ambassadors of the United States
Americans living in Saudi Arabia
Saudi Americans
References[edit]
United States Department of State: Background notes on Saudi Arabia
This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Department of State website http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/index.htm (Background Notes).
External links[edit]
United States Department of State: Chiefs of Mission for Saudi Arabia
United States Department of State: Saudi Arabia
United States Embassy in Riyadh
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United States Ambassadors to Saudi Arabia
Fish (1940–41)
Kirk (1942–43)
Moose (1943–44)
Eddy (1944–46)
Childs (1946–50)
Hare (1950–53)
Wadsworth (1954–58)
Heath (1958–61) Hart (1961–65)
Eilts (1966–70)
Thacher (1970–73)
Akins (1973–76)
Porter (1976–77) West (1977–81)
Neumann (1981)
Murphy (1981–83)
Cutler (1984–87)
Horan (1987–88)
Cutler (1988–89)
Freeman (1990–92)
Mabus (1994–96)
Fowler (1996–01)
Jordan (2002–03)
Oberwetter (2004–07)
Fraker (2007–09)
Smith (2009–13)
Westphal (2014–)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_Ambassador_to_Saudi_Arabia&oldid=789273092"
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text:
List of countries by proven oil reserves
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Countries by natural gas and oil proven reserves (2015)
A map of world oil reserves according to OPEC, January 2014
Trends in proven oil reserves in top five countries, 1980–2013 (data from US Energy Information Administration)
This is a list of countries by proven oil reserves. Proven reserves are those quantities of petroleum which, by analysis of geological and engineering data, can be estimated, with a high degree of confidence, to be commercially recoverable from a given date forward from known reservoirs and under current economic conditions.
Some statistics on this page are disputed and controversial. Different sources (OPEC, CIA World Factbook, oil companies) give different figures. Some of the differences reflect different types of oil included. Different estimates may or may not include oil shale, mined oil sands or natural gas liquids.
Map of countries with proven oil reserves - according to U.S. EIA (start of 2017)
Because proven reserves include oil recoverable under current economic conditions, nations may see large increases in proven reserves when known, but previously uneconomic deposits become economic to develop. In this way, Canada's proven reserves increased suddenly in 2003 when the oil sands of Alberta were seen to be economically viable. Similarly, Venezuela's proven reserves jumped in the late 2000s when the heavy oil of the Orinoco was judged economic.
Contents
1 Countries
2 Different sources
3 See also
4 References
Countries[edit]
Reserves amounts are listed in millions of barrels (MMbbl).
Proven reserves (millions of barrels)
U.S. EIA (start of 2017)[1]
OPEC (end of 2015)[2]
BP (end of 2015)[3]
Other
Country
Rank
Reserves
Rank
Reserves
Rank
Reserves
Source/Date
Reserves
Venezuela (see: Oil reserves in Venezuela) 1 300,878 1 300,878 1 300,900
Saudi Arabia (see: Oil reserves in Saudi Arabia) 2 266,455 2 266,455 2 266,600
Canada (see: Oil reserves in Canada) 3 169,709 26 4,118[4] 3 172,200 Natural Resources Canada, end 2014[5] 171,000
Iran (see: Oil reserves in Iran) 4 158,400 3 158,400 4 157,800
Iraq (see: Oil reserves in Iraq) 5 142,503 4 142,503 5 143,100
Kuwait (see: Oil reserves in Kuwait) 6 101,500 5 101,500 7 101,500
UAE (see: Oil reserves in the United Arab Emirates) 7 97,800 6 97,800 8 97,800
Russia (see: Oil reserves in Russia) 8 80,000 7 80,000 6 102,400
Libya (see: Oil reserves in Libya) 9 48,000 8 74,363 9 78,400
Nigeria (see: Oil reserves in Nigeria) 10 37,062 9 37,062 11 37,100
United States (see: Oil reserves in the United States) 11 35,000 10 36,685 10 55,000 ENI, end of 2015[6] 43,629
Kazakhstan 12 30,000 11 30,000 12 30,000
China 13 25,620 13 25,132 14 18,500
Qatar 14 25,244 12 25,244 13 25,244
Brazil 15 12,999 14 16,184 15 13,000 ENI, end of 2015[6] 16,848
Algeria 16 12,200 15 12,200 17 12,200
Angola 17 / 18 8,273 17 9,524 16 12,700
Ecuador 17 / 18 8,273 18 8,273 19 / 20 8,000
Mexico (see: Oil reserves in Mexico) 19 7,300 16 9,711 18 10,800 PEMEX[7] Start of 2015 9.700
Azerbaijan 20 7,000 19 7,000 21 7,000
Norway 21 6,611 33 5,139 19 / 20 8,000
Oman 22 5,373 21 5,306 23 5,300
Sudan/South Sudan 23 5,000 32 5,000 24 Sudan 1,500 / S. Sudan 3,500
India 24 4,600 20 5,680 22 5,680 ENI, end of 2015[6] 5,692
Egypt 25 / 26 4,400 24 / 25 4,400 29 3,500
Vietnam 25 / 26 4,400 24 / 25 4,400 25 4,000
Indonesia 27 / 28 3,600 29 3,230 27 / 28 3,600 ENI, end of 2015[6] 3,497
Malaysia 27 / 28 3,600 28 3,750 27 / 28 3,600 ENI, end of 2015[6] 5,542
Yemen 29 3,000 30 3,000
United Kingdom 30 2,564 30 2,755 31 2,800 UK Oil & Gas Authority, end 2015[8] 2,618
Syria 31 / 32 2,500 31 2,500 32 2,500
Uganda 31 / 32 2,500
Argentina 33 2,185 32 2,380 33 2,400 Argentine Petroleum Institute[9] 2,330
Colombia 34 2,002 33 2,308 34 2,300
Gabon 35 2,000 34 2,000 35 2,000
Australia 36 1,821 27 3,982 26 4,000 Geoscience Australia[10] end of 2014 4,002
Congo, Republic of the (Brazzaville) 37 1,600 36 1,600
Chad 38 1,500 37 1,500
Brunei 39 / 40 1,100 35 1,100 39 / 40 1,100
Equatorial Guinea 39 / 40 1,100 39 / 40 1,100
Ghana (see: Oil reserves in Ghana) 41 660
Romania 42 / 43 600 42 / 46 600
Turkmenistan 42 / 43 600 36 600 42 / 46 600
Uzbekistan 44 594 37 594 42 / 46 600
Italy 45 557 42 / 46 600 ENI, end of 2015[6] 595
Denmark 46 491 38 511 42 / 46 600 ENI, end of 2015[6] 550
Peru 47 473 38 1,400 ENI, end of 2015[6] 1,489
Tunisia 48 425 47 / 48 400
Thailand 49 396 47 / 48 400
Ukraine 50 395 39 395
Pakistan 51 350 ENI, end of 2015[6] 236
Turkey 52 300 ENI, end of 2015[6] 284
Trinidad and Tobago 53 243 41 700 ENI, end of 2015[6] 830
Bolivia 54 211 ENI, end of 2015[6] 210
Cameroon 55 200
Belarus 56 198 40 198
Congo, Democratic Republic of the (Kinshasa) 57 180
Albania 58 168
Papua New Guinea 59 159 ENI, end of 2015[6] 158
Chile 60 / 62 150
Niger 60 / 62 150
Spain 60 / 62 150
Germany 63 145 ENI, end of 2015[6] 229
Myanmar 64 139
Philippines 65 139
Poland 66 138 ENI, end of 2015[6] 151
Bahrain 67 125
Cuba (see: Oil reserves in Cuba) 68 124 ENI, end of 2015[6] 124
Netherlands 69 113 ENI, end of 2015[6] 141
Ivory Coast 70 100
Suriname 70 83.9
Guatemala 71 83.1
France 72 72.4
Serbia 73 77.5
Croatia 74 71.0
New Zealand 75 56.9
Japan 76 44.1
Austria 77 43.0
Kyrgyzstan 78 40.0
Georgia 79 35.0
Bangladesh 80 28.0
Hungary 81 25.1 ENI, end of 2015[6] 35
Mauritania 82 20.0
Bulgaria 83 / 85 15.0
Czech Republic 83 / 85 15.0
South Africa 83 / 85 15.0
Israel 86 12.7 ENI, end of 2015[6] 12
Lithuania 87 / 88 12.0
Tajikistan 87 / 88 12.0
Greece 89 10.0
Slovakia 90 9.00
Benin 91 8.00
Belize 92 6.70
Taiwan 93 2.38
Barbados 94 2.08
Jordan 95 1.00 ENI, end of 2015[6] 1
Morocco 96 0.68
Ethiopia 97 0.43
Afghanistan 0 US Geological Survey[11] 80
World total
1,726,685
1,481,526
1,697,600
Different sources[edit]
Sources sometimes differ on the volume of proven oil reserves. The differences sometimes result from different classes of oil included, and sometimes result from different definitions of proven.
Comparison of proven oil reserves from some widely used sources (billions of barrels, as of 31 Dec. 2014/1 Jan. 2015)
Source
Canada
Iran
Russia
Saudi Arabia
United States
Venezuela
BP[12] 172.9 157.8 103.2 267.0 48.5 298.3
OPEC[13] 4.2[4] 157.5 80.0 266.6 36.5 300.0
US Central Intelligence Agency[14] 171.0 157.8 103.2 268.3 36.5 298.4
US Energy Information Administration[15] 172.5 157.8 80.0 268.3 39.9 298.4
See also[edit]
List of countries by oil production
List of countries by oil consumption
List of countries by natural gas proven reserves
References[edit]
Jump up ^ U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Statistics, crude oil including lease condensate, accessed 16 July 2018.
Jump up ^ OPEC, Annual Statistical Bulletin 2016
Jump up ^ BP, Statistical Review of World Energy, June 2016.
Jump up ^ OPEC does not include mined oil sand.
Jump up ^ Oil Resources, Natural Resources Canada, 16 Feb. 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t ENI, World Oil and Gas Review, 2016.
Jump up ^ 20150909%20Reservas%20al%201%20de%20enero%202015_e.pd...[permanent dead link] , PEMEX, accessed 1 Sept 2016
Jump up ^ Oil and Gas reserves and Resources, UK Oil & Gas Authority, 5 Aug. 2016.
Jump up ^ Instituto Argentino del Petróleo y el Gas – Reservas comprobadas de petróleo, en miles de m3 (proven reserves as of 2013)
Jump up ^ Geoscience Australia, Oil, accessed 3 Sept. 2016. (crude oil + condensate).
Jump up ^ "Minerals in Afghanistan" (PDF). USGS Minerals gov. Retrieved 24 December 2013.
Jump up ^ BP Statistical Review of World Energy, 2015
Jump up ^ OPEC Statistical Bulletin, 2015.
Jump up ^ World Factbook, US Central Intelligence Agency, 2015.
Jump up ^ US Reserves: Curde Oil and Lease Condensate, US EIA.
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