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Casino token
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Chips from the fictional "Casino de Isthmus City".
50,000 Malagasy franc gaming plaque from Grand Cercle casino, Antananarivo, Madagascar, circa 1995.
Casino tokens (also known as casino or gaming chips, checks, or cheques) are small discs used in lieu of currency in casinos. Colored metal, injection-molded plastic or compression molded clay tokens of various denominations are used primarily in table games, as opposed to metal token coins, used primarily in slot machines. Casino tokens are also widely used as play money in casual or tournament games.
Some casinos also use rectangular gaming plaques for high-stakes table games ($25,000 and above). Plaques differ from chips in that they are larger, usually rectangular in shape and contain serial numbers.
Contents
1 Use
2 History
3 Construction
3.1 Colors
3.2 Security
4 Variations
5 In television
6 See also
7 References
Use[edit]
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Money is exchanged for tokens in a casino at the casino cage, at the gaming tables, or at a cashier station. The tokens are interchangeable with money at the casino. They generally have no value outside of the casino, but certain businesses (such as taxis or waiters—especially for tips) in gambling towns may honor them informally.
Tokens are employed for several reasons. Because of the uniform size, shape, and patterns of stacks of chips, they are easier to tally compared to currency. This attribute also enables the pit boss or security to quickly verify the amount being paid, reducing the chance that a dealer might incorrectly pay a customer. The uniform weight of the casino's official tokens allows them to weigh great stacks or heaps of chips rather than tally them (though aids such as chip trays are far more common.) Furthermore, it is observed that consumers gamble more freely with replacement currencies than with cash.[citation needed] A more pragmatic reason for casinos using chips in place of cash at table games is to discourage players from grabbing back their bet and attempting to flee should their bet not win, because chips, unlike cash, must be redeemed at the casino cashier and have no value outside the casino in question. Lastly, the chips are considered to be an integral part of the casino environment, and replacing them with some alternate currency would be unpopular[dubious – discuss].
Many casinos have eliminated the use of metal tokens (and coins) in their slot machines, in favor of paper receipts or pre-paid cards, which, while requiring heavy infrastructure costs to install, eliminate the coin handling expenses, jamming problems encountered in machines which took coins or tokens and can allow more game-specific technology in the space of a machine which would usually be dedicated to coin mechanisms. While some casinos (such as the Hard Rock Hotel in Las Vegas) which installed the receipt system had kept the $1 tokens around for use as $1 chips, most other casinos using the receipts had simply scrapped the tokens entirely. Most casinos using receipts have automated machines at which customers may redeem receipts, eliminating the need for coin counting windows and decreasing labor costs.
Casino chip collecting is a part of numismatics, more specifically as specialized exonumia collecting. This hobby has become increasingly popular with the Casino Chips & Gaming Tokens Collectors Club formed in 1988. Some collectors may value certain casino tokens up to $100,000, which are typically traded on online auction websites like eBay. Several casinos sell custom-made sets of chips and one or two decks of cards stamped with the name of the casino on them. Each set is contained in a small briefcase or box.
History[edit]
The ancestors of the modern casino token were the counters used to keep score in the card games Ombre and Quadrille. In 1752, French Quadrille sets contained a number of different counters, known as jetons, fiches and mils. Unlike modern poker chips, they were colored differently only to determine player ownership for purposes of settling payments at the end of the game, with different denominations differentiated by different shapes that each counter type had.[1]
In the early history of Poker during the 19th century, players seemed to use any small valuable object imaginable. Early poker players sometimes used jagged gold pieces, gold nuggets, gold dust, or coins as well as "chips" primarily made of ivory, bone, wood, paper, and a composition made from clay and shellac. Several companies between the 1880s and the late 1930s made clay composition poker chips. There were over 1000 designs from which to choose. Most chips were white, red, blue, and yellow, but they could be made in almost any color desired.
Construction[edit]
Authentic clay chip manufactured for home use.
$1 chip from Treasure Island, Las Vegas, NV.
The vast majority of authentic casino chips are "clay" chips but can be more accurately described as compression molded chips. Contrary to popular belief, no gaming chip going as far back as the 1950s has been 100% clay. Modern clay chips are a composition of materials more durable than clay alone. At least some percentage of the chips is of an earthen material such as sand, chalk, and clay similar to that found in cat litter. The process used to make these chips is a trade secret, and varies slightly by manufacturer, most being relatively expensive and time-consuming per chip. The edge spots, or inserts, are not painted on; to achieve this effect, this area of the clay is removed and then replaced with clay of a different color; this can be done to each chip individually or a strip can be taken out of a cylindrical block of material and replaced with the alternate color before the block is cut into chips. Then each chip receives a mid-inlay if desired, and is placed in a special mold that heats and compresses the chip at approximately 10,000 psi (70 MPa) at 300 °F (150 °C), hence the term compression molded chips.
The printed graphics on clay chips is called an inlay. Inlays are typically made of paper and are then clad with a plastic film applied to the chip prior to the compression molding process. During the molding process the inlay becomes permanently fastened to the chip and can not be removed from the chip without destroying the inlay.
Ceramic chips were introduced in the mid 1980s as alternative to clay chips, and are also used in casinos, as well as being readily available to the home market. The ability to print lettering and graphics on the entire surface of the chip, instead of just the inlay, made them popular. Ceramic chips are sometimes also referred to as clay or clay composite, but they are in fact an injection-molded chip made with a special plastic or resin formula that approximates the feel and sound of ceramic or porcelain. There are less expensive chips for the home market, made from various forms of plastic and plastic covered metal slugs as well.
The chips used in North American casinos typically weigh about 10 grams, but are usually between 8 and 10.5 g. Companies that manufacture chips for actual casinos include Gaming Partners International (whose subdivisions include Paulson, Bud Jones, and B&G), Classic Poker Chips, Palm Gaming International, Game On Chip Company and GTI Gaming.
Colors[edit]
This section indiscriminately collects miscellaneous information. Please compress this material to remove any irrelevant or unimportant information. (October 2018)
There is no universally standardized color scheme for poker chip values, and schemes not only vary nationally and regionally, but even from venue to venue, or by event type within a single venue.
A standard 300 piece set of Plastic Injection chips often sold as "clay composite" chips.
A set of injection molded ABS poker chips "hot-stamped" with denominations 100, 50, 25, & 10.
Chip colors found in home sets typically include red, white, blue, and sometimes green and black; however, more recently a wide assortment of colors have become readily available, particularly in lower-cost ABS plastic chips. Common additional colors are pink, purple, yellow, orange, and grey. Newer designs in home chips include three-color designs where a three-step molding process creates a chip with unique base, secondary, and detail colors. As chip sets are tailored to the buyer, the values of various colors vary widely, with less traditional colors either used as very high values such as $500, $1000, $5000, and so forth, common in tournaments, or as special "fractional" values such as $2 or $0.50, common in low-limit games.
In casinos, uniform chip colors and sizes are sometimes specified by the local gaming control board for consistency. For example, regulations in New Jersey[2] and Illinois[3] specify similar uniform colors. Notably, Nevada has no regulations regarding color, which is why Nevada casinos may use white, blue, or gray as $1, though $5 and greater are almost always consistently colored. All US states where gambling is legal require that casino chips have a unique combination of edge spots for identification, the name and location of the casino and the chip's value, if any, impressed, printed, or molded onto the obverse and reverse of the token.
In 19th-century America, there was enough of a tradition of using blue chips for higher values that "blue chip" in noun and adjective senses signaling high-value chips and high-value property are attested since 1873 and 1894, respectively.[4] This established connotation was first extended to the sense of a blue-chip stock in the 1920s.[5]
$2.50 chips (colloquially referred to as "snappers" by chip collectors) are mostly used for blackjack tables, since a "natural" (a 21 on the first two cards dealt to a player) typically pays 3:2 and most wagers are in increments of $5. However, the Tropicana Casino and Borgata in Atlantic City, New Jersey, and others, have used $2.50 (pink) chips in $7.50 to $15 and $10 to $20 poker games.
$20 chips are used mostly at baccarat and pai gow poker because a 5% commission charged for all winning banker wagers at baccarat and winning wagers at pai gow converts evenly. Bets of $20 are not uncommon in traditional table games such as craps and roulette; a $20 chip, for example, places a $5 bet on each of the "hard ways" in craps and is preferable to passing a stack of chips or making change.
Because eight is considered a lucky number in Chinese culture, chips denominated 8, 88, and 888 (e.g., $8 in the US) are common in casinos catering to a Chinese clientele, often as a promotion for the Chinese Lunar New Year. They will sometimes contain an image of the animal associated with the year and are issued in a variety of colors.
Low-denomination yellow chips vary in value: $20 in Atlantic City and Illinois (which also uses "mustard yellow" $0.50 chips); $5 at most Southern California poker rooms; $2 at Foxwoods' poker room in Ledyard, Connecticut; Running Aces Harness Park and Canterbury Park, both in Minnesota; and at Casino del Sol in Tucson, Arizona; and $0.50 at Potawatomi Casino in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Blue chips are occasionally used for $10, most notably in Atlantic City. In Las Vegas and California, most casinos use blue or white for $1 chips, though many Las Vegas casinos now use $1 metal tokens in lieu of chips.
Chips are also available in denominations of $1000 or more, depending on the wagering limits of the casino. Such chips are often yellow or orange.[clarification needed]. Casinos in Nevada, Atlantic City, and other areas that permit high wagers typically have chips available in $5000, $10,000, $25,000, and more; the colors for these vary widely.
Denominations above $5000 are almost never encountered by the general public; their use is usually limited to "high limit rooms" where bet sizes are much greater than on the main floor. Casinos often use gaming plaques for these denominations: These plaques are about the size of a playing card, and must be marked with serial numbers. The greatest value placed on a plaque to date is $10 million, used at the London Club in Las Vegas.[6]
Televised poker tournaments and cash games sometimes use bundled paper bills for high denominations, though the World Series of Poker and the World Poker Tour use round chips exclusively with denominations up to $250,000; tournament chips, however, are not redeemable for cash.
European casinos use a similar scheme, though certain venues, such as the Aviation Club de France, use pink for €2 and blue for €10. European casinos also use plaques rather than chips for high denominations, usually in the €1000 and higher range.
Security[edit]
Each casino has a unique set of chips, even if the casino is part of a greater company. This distinguishes a casino's chips from others, since each chip and token on the gaming floor has to be backed up with the appropriate amount of cash. In addition, with the exception of Nevada, casinos are not permitted to honor another casino's chips.
The security features of casino chips are numerous. Artwork is of a very high resolution or of photographic quality. Custom color combinations on the chip edge (edge spots) are usually distinctive to a particular casino. UV markings can be made on the inlay. Certain chips incorporate RFID technology, such as those at the Wynn Casino in Las Vegas. Also, makers' marks are difficult to reproduce. Also being used by one manufacturer, Palm Gaming, is an audible taggant incorporated into the ceramic chip blank. A simple handheld reader will beep if the gaming chip is authentic. Palm Gaming is even manufacturing custom made molds for their ceramic gaming chips- adding yet another high level of security to its gaming chip.
Counterfeit chips are rare. High levels of surveillance, along with staff familiarity with chip design and coloring, make passing fake chips difficult. Casinos, though, are prepared for this situation. All states require that casinos have a set of chips in reserve with alternate markings,[citation needed] though they may not be required to have exactly the same number of reserve chips as they do on the floor. The most notable instance of counterfeiting chips was broken up in 2005, when two men were caught falsely converting $1 chips into higher denominations.[7]
Casino chips used in tournaments are usually much cheaper and of much simpler design. Because the chips have no cash value, usually chips are designed with a single color (usually differing in shade or tone from the version on the casino floor), a smaller breadth, and a basic mark on the interior to distinguish denominations; however, at certain events (such as the World Series of Poker or other televised poker), chips approach quality levels of chips on the floor.
Variations[edit]
Several casinos, such as the Hard Rock Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas, issue "limited edition" varied-designed chips, commemorating various events, though retaining a common color scheme. This encourages customers to keep them for souvenirs, at a profit to the casino.
In certain casinos, such as the Wynn and Encore Casinos in Las Vegas, chips are embedded with RFID tags to help casinos keep better track of them, determine gamblers' average bet sizes, and to make them harder for counterfeiters to reproduce. However, this technique is costly and considered by many to be unnecessary to profit. Also, this technology provides minimal benefits in games with layouts that do not provide gamblers with their own designated betting areas, such as craps.
In television[edit]
The first game show to use them, Duel, had a variation in which the contestants answer questions using oversized casino tokens. The World Series of Poker at one time actually used its casino tokens for the poker tournaments, but in more recent years has had special Paulson WSOP clay sets made for the tournaments.
See also[edit]
Numismatics portal
Sports and games portal
Barber's pole
Jeton
References[edit]
Jump up ^ David Parlett. "Quadrille and Médiateur: Courtly ladies' game of 18th-century France". Retrieved 28 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Chapter 46: Gaming Equipment Archived May 14, 2007, at the Wayback Machine., New Jersey Casino Control Commission
Jump up ^ Chip specifications[permanent dead link], Illinois Gaming Board Regulations
Jump up ^ Merriam-Webster, Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, Merriam-Webster.
Jump up ^ Merriam-Webster, Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, Merriam-Webster.
Jump up ^ "The London Club's $10 Million Gaming 'Plaque' Raises the Bar for Las Vegas". Business Wire. 2000-08-14. Archived from the original on October 10, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Counterfeit Chip Ring Broken Up in Vegas". Vegas Tripping.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Casino tokens.
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George Chakiris
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
George Chakiris
Chakiris as Alex Solkin in Medical Center, 1970
Born
(1934-09-16) September 16, 1934 (age 84)
Norwood, Ohio, U.S.
Other names
George Kerris
Occupation
Actor, dancer
Years active
1947–1996
Website
GeorgeChakiris.com
George Chakiris (born September 16, 1934) is an American dancer, singer and actor. He is best known for his appearance in the film version of West Side Story as Bernardo, the leader of the Sharks gang, for which he won both the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor and the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor - Motion Picture.
Contents
1 Life and career
1.1 Early Life
1.2 Early Films
1.3 Paramount
1.4 West Side Story
1.5 3-Picture Deal with Mirisch Brothers
1.6 Europe
1.7 1970s and 1980s
1.8 Later Career
2 Filmography
3 Selected television appearances
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Life and career[edit]
Early Life[edit]
Chakiris was born in Norwood, Ohio, to Steven and Zoe (née Anastasiadou) Chakiris,[1] immigrants from Greece. He attended high school in Tucson, Arizona and Long Beach.[2][3]
Chakiris did one year of college but he wanted to dance so he dropped out and moved to Hollywood. He worked in the advertising branch of a department store and began to study dancing at night.[2]
Early Films[edit]
Chakiris made his film debut in 1947, in the chorus of Song of Love.
For several years he appeared in small roles, usually as a dancer or a member of the chorus in various musical films, including The Great Caruso (1951), Stars and Stripes Forever (1952), Call Me Madam (1953), Second Chance (1953) and The 5,000 Fingers of Dr. T. (1953).
He was one of the dancers in Marilyn Monroe's "Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend" number in Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953), and was also in Give a Girl a Break (1953).
He can be seen in the funeral dance in the MGM musical film Brigadoon (1954) and was in There's No Business Like Show Business' (1954).
Paramount[edit]
Chakiris appeared as a dancer in White Christmas (1954). A publicity photo of Chakiris with Rosemary Clooney from her "Love, You Didn't Do Right By Me" scene generated fan mail, and Paramount signed him to a movie contract. "I got lucky with the close-up with Rosemary," said Chakiris[4][5]
Chakiris was in The Country Girl (1954), and The Girl Rush (1955), dancing with Rosalind Russell in the latter. He received a positive notice from Hedda Hopper.[6]
MGM borrowed him for Meet Me in Las Vegas (1956) and he did dancing in Las Vegas.[7]
Chakiris had a small non-dancing part in Under Fire (1957).
West Side Story[edit]
Frustrated with the progress of his career, Chakiris left Hollywood for New York. West Side Story had been running for a year on Broadway, and Chakiris auditioned for Jerome Robbins. He was cast in the London production as "Riff", leader of the Jets. The musical launched on the West End in late 1958 and Chakiris received excellent reviews, playing it for almost 22 months.[8]
The Mirisch Brothers brought the film rights to West Side Story and tested Chakiris. They ended up feeling his dark complexion made him more ideal for the role of Bernardo, leader of the Sharks, and cast Russ Tamblyn as Riff. Filming took seven months.[9] [2]
The film of West Side Story (1961) was hugely successful and Chakiris won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance. This led him to be contracted by the Mirisch Company to a long-term contract.[10]
Chakiris played the lead role in a British film, Two and Two Make Six (1962), directed by Freddie Francis. He was announced for Day of the Damned with Montgomery Clift but it was not made.[11]
He starred as a doctor in the film Diamond Head (1963) opposite Charlton Heston and Yvette Mimieux, which was popular.[12]
In the early 1960s, he embarked on a career as a pop singer, resulting in a couple of minor hit songs. In 1960, he recorded one single with noted producer Joe Meek.
3-Picture Deal with Mirisch Brothers[edit]
Chakiris' fee around this time was a reported $100,000 per movie.[13] His first new film for the Mirishes was Flight from Ashiya (1964), shot in Japan with Yul Brynner and Richard Widmark.
The Mirisches announced him for Young Lucifer with Tuesday Weld directed by Irving Kershner but it was not made.[14] Neither was a film version of Carnival!\ which Arthur Freed wanted to make with Chakiris, Yvette Mimieux and Robert Goulet.[15]
Instead the Mirsches reunited Chakiris with Brynner in Kings of the Sun (1963), an epic about the Mayans which was a box office flop. Chakiris went to Italy to make Bebo's Girl (1964) with Claudia Cardinale.
He did 633 Squadron (1964), a popular war movie with Cliff Robertson, the last movie he made for the Mirisches. Chakiris later said he made a mistake with his Hollywood films but looking at the "potential" of them instead of the quality of the roles.[16]
Europe[edit]
Chakiris played a Greek terrorist in Cyprus in a British filmThe High Bright Sun (1965) with Dirk Bogarde for which he was paid $100,000. He went to Italy for The Mona Lisa Has Been Stolen (1965) and France for Is Paris Burning? (1966).[17]
He acted along with Catherine Deneuve and Gene Kelly in Jacques Demy's French musical Les Demoiselles de Rochefort (1967). Around this time his manager cancelled his contract with Capital Records.[18] However he enjoyed his time in Europe saying he had time to "experiment and refine my craft."[16] He also did a nightclub act at Cesar's Palace in Las Vegas, his first stage work since West Side Story.
The show was successful and led to Chakiris receiving an offer to appear alongside Jose Ferrer in a TV production of Kismet (1967). He did The Day the Hot Line Got Hot (1968) in France and The Big Cube (1969) with Lana Turner in America. He made Sharon vestida de rojo (1970) in Spain.[19]
1970s and 1980s[edit]
In 1969 Chakiris did a stage production of The Corn is Green in Chicago with Eileen Herlie. He enjoyed the experience and it revived his confidence as an actor. He said all the films he made after West Side Story had been "a waste of time... it was difficult to take them seriously... It was my fault and no one else's".[20]
Chakiris accepted a dramatic role on Medical Center to change his image.[20]
He starred in the first national tour of the Stephen Sondheim musical, Company, touring as Bobby in 1971-72.
Chakiris worked heavily on TV in the 1970s and 1980s in Britain and America, guest starring on shows like Hawaii Five-O, Police Surgeon, Thriller, Notorious Woman, Wonder Woman, Fantasy Island, CHiPs, Matt Houston, Scarecrow and Mrs. King, Poor Little Rich Girls, Hell Town and Murder, She Wrote.
He appeared in the final episode of The Partridge Family as an old high school boyfriend to Shirley Partridge (Shirley Jones, also a musical theater veteran and the person who just happened to have presented him with his Academy Award). Their kiss goodbye was the final scene in the program's run. He also starred in a film Why Not Stay for Breakfast? (1979).
Chakris appeared in several episodes of Dallas and had an arc on Santa Barbara.
Later Career[edit]
Chakiris had a recurring role on the TV show Superboy as Professor Peterson during the first two seasons from 1988-1990.
He was top billed in the film Pale Blood (1990) and guest starred on Human Target and The Girls of Lido. He played The King And I on stage in 1995 in Los Angeles.
Chakiris' last role to date was in a 1996 episode of the British sitcom Last of the Summer Wine.
He has given occasional television interviews since then, but is mostly retired. His hobby of making sterling silver jewelry has turned into a new occupation,[21] working as a jewelry designer for his own brand, George Chakiris Collections, consisting of handmade original sterling silver jewelry.
A vegetarian himself, in 2012 he presented a musical about veganism titled Loving the Silent Tears.[22][23]
Filmography[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1947 Song of Love Choir boy as George Kerris
1951 The Great Caruso Dancer Uncredited
1952 Stars and Stripes Forever Ballroom dancer Uncredited
1953 Call Me Madam Dancer in 'The Ocarina' Number
The 5,000 Fingers of Dr. T Dancer as George Kerris
Gentlemen Prefer Blondes Dancer (Diamonds Are A Girl's Best Friend") Uncredited
Second Chance Background Observer in Dance Sequence Uncredited
Give a Girl a Break Dancer Uncredited
1954 Brigadoon Specialty dancer Uncredited
White Christmas Dancer in 'Mandy' and 'Love' numbers Uncredited
The Country Girl Dancer with pick Uncredited
There's No Business Like Show Business Dancer Uncredited
1955 The Girl Rush Chorus boy, 'Hillbilly Heart' number Uncredited
1956 Meet Me in Las Vegas Young groom as George Kerris
1957 Under Fire Pvt. Steiner Uncredited
1961 West Side Story Bernardo Nuñez Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor - Motion Picture
1962 Two and Two Make Six Larry Curado
Diamond Head Dr. Dean Kahanna
1963 Kings of the Sun Balam
1964 La ragazza di Bube Bebo
Flight from Ashiya 2nd Lt. John Gregg
633 Squadron Lt. Erik Bergman
1965 The High Bright Sun Haghios
1966 On a volé la Joconde (fr) Vincent
Is Paris Burning? GI in tank
1967 Les Demoiselles de Rochefort Étienne
1968 Le Rouble à deux faces Eric Ericson
1969 The Big Cube Johnny Allen
Sharon vestida de rojo Robert Bowman
1979 Why Not Stay for Breakfast? George Clark
1982 Jekyll and Hyde... Together Again Himself
1990 Pale Blood Michael Fury
Selected television appearances[edit]
Year
Film
Role
Other notes
1956 Ford Star Jubilee episode - "You're the Top"
1968 The Carol Burnett Show show #020 - Jan. 22, 1968
1969 The Jackie Gleason Show episode - "Mousey the Dip"
1970–1975 Medical Center Alex Solkin 3 episodes
1972 Hawaii Five-O Chris Lahani 1 episode
1974 The Partridge Family Capt. Chuck 'Cuddles' Corwin episode - "Anchors Aweigh"
Thriller Robert Stone episode - "Kiss Me and Die"
Notorious Woman Frédéric Chopin TV mini-series
1978 Wonder Woman Carlo Indrezzano episode - "Death in Disguise"
Return to Fantasy Island Pierre
1982 Fantasy Island Captain Claude Dumont episode - "The Magic Camera/Mata Hari/Valerie"
1983 CHiPs Bernard DeJardine Fox Trap TV episode
Matt Houston Brett Cole episode - The Showgirl Murders
1984 Matt Houston Clark Sawyer episode - "Waltz of Death"
One Life to Live unknown episodes
Poor Little Rich Girls Prince Rudolph episode - "The Gentleman Caller"
Nihon no omokage Lafcadio Hearn mini-series
Scarecrow and Mrs. King Angelo Spinelli episode - "Lost and Found"
1985 Hell Town Ric Montenez episode - "Let My Jennie Go"
1986 Dallas Nicholas 14 episodes.
1988 Santa Barbara Daniel Espinoza
1989 Murder, She Wrote Eric Bowman episode - "Weave a Tangled Web"
1989–1990 Superboy Professor Peterson 9 episodes
1992 Human Target Robillard episode - "Chances Are"
1995 Les Filles du Lido Saskia mini-series
1996 Last of the Summer Wine Max Bernard episode - "Extra! Extra!"
See also[edit]
List of earliest surviving Academy Award winners
References[edit]
Jump up ^ George Chakiris Biography (1934-). Film Reference.com.
^ Jump up to: a b c Greeks Have a Word for It---Chakiris Los Angeles Times 10 Dec 1961: Q4.
Jump up ^ George Chakiris. Yahoo! Movies.
Jump up ^ George Chakiris makes holiday homecoming Kiesewetter, John. Cincinnati Enquirer; Cincinnati, Ohio [Cincinnati, Ohio]12 Dec 2011.
Jump up ^ "Biography for George Chakiris" on TCM.com
Jump up ^ Edmond O'Brien Cast in Jack Webb 'Blues' Hopper, Hedda. Los Angeles Times 8 Feb 1955: B6.
Jump up ^ Dance Star Does Unique 'Viva Vegas' Role; Kent Taylor in Films Again Schallert, Edwin. Los Angeles Times 22 July 1955: 17.
Jump up ^ Playboys of the Western World Wilson, Angus. The Observer 14 Dec 1958: 15.
Jump up ^ Vidal Will Write 'Reunion' Script: Tamblyn and Chakiris Join Cast of 'West Side Story' Hopper, Hedda. Los Angeles Times 28 June 1960: B8.
Jump up ^ p.201 Mirisch, Walter I Thought We Were Making Movies, Not History Univ of Wisconsin Press, 10 Apr 2008
Jump up ^ Chakiris of Sharks in 'Day of Damned' Los Angeles Times 12 Dec 1961: C7.
Jump up ^ Constant, Hard Work Pays Off for George By Louella O. Parsons. The Washington Post, Times Herald 01 Apr 1962: G2.
Jump up ^ Chakiris' Salary Hits Six Figures: Philippine Actor Climbing; Wide Screen for 'Squares'? Scheuer, Philip K. Los Angeles Times 30 May 1962: C9.
Jump up ^ How to Make $100 Million in the Motion Picture Business: Brothers Hit It Rich; That Ain't Popcorn Scheuer, Philip K. Los Angeles Times 23 Sep 1962: N1.
Jump up ^ Stars Sparkle at Orry-Kelly's Gala: George Chakiris Will Dance in Arthur Freed's 'Carnival' Hopper, Hedda. Los Angeles Times (1923-1995); Los Angeles, Calif. [Los Angeles, Calif]18 Jan 1963: D7.
^ Jump up to: a b Chakiris Likes Nightclub Life Scott, John L. Los Angeles Times 4 Aug 1967: d7.
Jump up ^ Two Signed for 'Paris' Briggs, Andrew. Los Angeles Times 21 Sep 1965: c13.
Jump up ^ CLASSIC HOLLYWOOD; Gracious dance; George Chakiris remains grateful to choreographer and director Jerome Robbins for 'West Side Story.' King, Susan. Los Angeles Times 11 Nov 2013: D.3.
Jump up ^ Everything Is Roses for George Chakir Florabel Muir:. The Washington Post, Times Herald 6 Sep 1967: B13.
^ Jump up to: a b Hollywood Today: George Chakiris Tries Cutting the Ice as Hollywood Looks at His New Image Norma Lee Browning. Chicago Tribune 22 Nov 1970: nw2.
Jump up ^ Holleran, Scott. A Boy Like That. BoxOfficeMojo.com. 21 March 2003.
Jump up ^ "In-Depth with Loving the Silent Tears Guest Speaker: George Chakiris (Vegetarian)". GodsDirectContact.org. 2012. Retrieved 31 May 2018.
Jump up ^ Wagley, Catherine (30 October 2012). "That Musical About Veganism Starring Jon Secada and Based on the Poetry of Supreme Master Ching Hai, Explained". LA Weekly. Retrieved 31 May 2018.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: George Chakiris
Official website
George Chakiris on IMDb
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Awards for George Chakiris
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Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
1936–1950
Walter Brennan (1936)
Joseph Schildkraut (1937)
Walter Brennan (1938)
Thomas Mitchell (1939)
Walter Brennan (1940)
Donald Crisp (1941)
Van Heflin (1942)
Charles Coburn (1943)
Barry Fitzgerald (1944)
James Dunn (1945)
Harold Russell (1946)
Edmund Gwenn (1947)
Walter Huston (1948)
Dean Jagger (1949)
George Sanders (1950)
1951–1975
Karl Malden (1951)
Anthony Quinn (1952)
Frank Sinatra (1953)
Edmond O'Brien (1954)
Jack Lemmon (1955)
Anthony Quinn (1956)
Red Buttons (1957)
Burl Ives (1958)
Hugh Griffith (1959)
Peter Ustinov (1960)
George Chakiris (1961)
Ed Begley (1962)
Melvyn Douglas (1963)
Peter Ustinov (1964)
Martin Balsam (1965)
Walter Matthau (1966)
George Kennedy (1967)
Jack Albertson (1968)
Gig Young (1969)
John Mills (1970)
Ben Johnson (1971)
Joel Grey (1972)
John Houseman (1973)
Robert De Niro (1974)
George Burns (1975)
1976–2000
Jason Robards (1976)
Jason Robards (1977)
Christopher Walken (1978)
Melvyn Douglas (1979)
Timothy Hutton (1980)
John Gielgud (1981)
Louis Gossett Jr. (1982)
Jack Nicholson (1983)
Haing S. Ngor (1984)
Don Ameche (1985)
Michael Caine (1986)
Sean Connery (1987)
Kevin Kline (1988)
Denzel Washington (1989)
Joe Pesci (1990)
Jack Palance (1991)
Gene Hackman (1992)
Tommy Lee Jones (1993)
Martin Landau (1994)
Kevin Spacey (1995)
Cuba Gooding Jr. (1996)
Robin Williams (1997)
James Coburn (1998)
Michael Caine (1999)
Benicio del Toro (2000)
2001–present
Jim Broadbent (2001)
Chris Cooper (2002)
Tim Robbins (2003)
Morgan Freeman (2004)
George Clooney (2005)
Alan Arkin (2006)
Javier Bardem (2007)
Heath Ledger (2008)
Christoph Waltz (2009)
Christian Bale (2010)
Christopher Plummer (2011)
Christoph Waltz (2012)
Jared Leto (2013)
J. K. Simmons (2014)
Mark Rylance (2015)
Mahershala Ali (2016)
Sam Rockwell (2017)
show
v
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Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture
Akim Tamiroff (1943)
Barry Fitzgerald (1944)
J. Carrol Naish (1945)
Clifton Webb (1946)
Edmund Gwenn (1947)
Walter Huston (1948)
James Whitmore (1949)
Edmund Gwenn (1950)
Peter Ustinov (1951)
Millard Mitchell (1952)
Frank Sinatra (1953)
Edmond O'Brien (1954)
Arthur Kennedy (1955)
Earl Holliman (1956)
Red Buttons (1957)
Burl Ives (1958)
Stephen Boyd (1959)
Sal Mineo (1960)
George Chakiris (1961)
Omar Sharif (1962)
John Huston (1963)
Edmond O'Brien (1964)
Oskar Werner (1965)
Richard Attenborough (1966)
Richard Attenborough (1967)
Daniel Massey (1968)
Gig Young (1969)
John Mills (1970)
Ben Johnson (1971)
Joel Grey (1972)
John Houseman (1973)
Fred Astaire (1974)
Richard Benjamin (1975)
Laurence Olivier (1976)
Peter Firth (1977)
John Hurt (1978)
Melvyn Douglas/Robert Duvall (1979)
Timothy Hutton (1980)
John Gielgud (1981)
Louis Gossett Jr. (1982)
Jack Nicholson (1983)
Haing S. Ngor (1984)
Klaus Maria Brandauer (1985)
Tom Berenger (1986)
Sean Connery (1987)
Martin Landau (1988)
Denzel Washington (1989)
Bruce Davison (1990)
Jack Palance (1991)
Gene Hackman (1992)
Tommy Lee Jones (1993)
Martin Landau (1994)
Brad Pitt (1995)
Edward Norton (1996)
Burt Reynolds (1997)
Ed Harris (1998)
Tom Cruise (1999)
Benicio del Toro (2000)
Jim Broadbent (2001)
Chris Cooper (2002)
Tim Robbins (2003)
Clive Owen (2004)
George Clooney (2005)
Eddie Murphy (2006)
Javier Bardem (2007)
Heath Ledger (2008)
Christoph Waltz (2009)
Christian Bale (2010)
Christopher Plummer (2011)
Christoph Waltz (2012)
Jared Leto (2013)
J. K. Simmons (2014)
Sylvester Stallone (2015)
Aaron Taylor-Johnson (2016)
Sam Rockwell (2017)
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
BNF: cb13892346f (data)
GND: 134768248
ISNI: 0000 0001 2148 8445
LCCN: n89668644
MusicBrainz: 8bf7f0dc-30ee-43a0-a096-fdba369132d0
SNAC: w60g44b9
SUDOC: 061177415
VIAF: 118404513
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George_Chakiris&oldid=865206017"
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