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Independence Day (United States)
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"Fourth of July" and "4th of July" redirect here. For the date, see July 4. For other uses, see Independence Day (disambiguation). For other related material, see Fourth of July (disambiguation).
Independence Day
Displays of fireworks, such as these over the Washington Monument in 1986, take place across the United States on Independence Day.
Also called
The Fourth of July
Observed by
United States
Type
National
Significance
The day in 1776 that the Declaration of Independence was adopted by the Continental Congress
Celebrations
Fireworks, family reunions, concerts, barbecues, picnics, parades, baseball games
Date
July 4
Next time
July 4, 2018 (2018-07-04)
Frequency
Annual
Independence Day, also referred to as the Fourth of July or July Fourth, is a federal holiday in the United States commemorating the adoption of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. The Continental Congress declared that the thirteen American colonies regarded themselves as a new nation, the United States of America, and were no longer part of the British Empire.[1] The Congress actually voted to declare independence two days earlier, on July 2.[1]
Independence Day is commonly associated with fireworks, parades, barbecues, carnivals, fairs, picnics, concerts, baseball games, family reunions, and political speeches and ceremonies, in addition to various other public and private events celebrating the history, government, and traditions of the United States. Independence Day is the National Day of the United States.[2][3][4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Observance
3 Customs
4 Celebration gallery
5 Notable celebrations
6 Other countries
7 See also
8 References
9 Further reading
10 External links
Background
During the American Revolution, the legal separation of the Thirteen Colonies from Great Britain in 1776 actually occurred on July 2, when the Second Continental Congress voted to approve a resolution of independence that had been proposed in June by Richard Henry Lee of Virginia declaring the United States independent from Great Britain rule.[5][6] After voting for independence, Congress turned its attention to the Declaration of Independence, a statement explaining this decision, which had been prepared by a Committee of Five, with Thomas Jefferson as its principal author. Congress debated and revised the wording of the Declaration, finally approving it two days later on July 4. A day earlier, John Adams had written to his wife Abigail:
The second day of July, 1776, will be the most memorable epoch in the history of America. I am apt to believe that it will be celebrated by succeeding generations as the great anniversary festival. It ought to be commemorated as the day of deliverance, by solemn acts of devotion to God Almighty. It ought to be solemnized with pomp and parade, with shows, games, sports, guns, bells, bonfires, and illuminations, from one end of this continent to the other, from this time forward forever more.[7]
Adams's prediction was off by two days. From the outset, Americans celebrated independence on July 4, the date shown on the much-publicized Declaration of Independence, rather than on July 2, the date the resolution of independence was approved in a closed session of Congress.[8]
Historians have long disputed whether members of Congress signed the Declaration of Independence on July 4, even though Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, and Benjamin Franklin all later wrote that they had signed it on that day. Most historians have concluded that the Declaration was signed nearly a month after its adoption, on August 2, 1776, and not on July 4 as is commonly believed.[9][10][11][12][13]
Coincidentally, both John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, the only signers of the Declaration of Independence later to serve as Presidents of the United States, died on the same day: July 4, 1826, which was the 50th anniversary of the Declaration. Although not a signer of the Declaration of Independence, James Monroe, another Founding Father who was elected as President, also died on July 4, 1831. He was the third President in a row who died on the anniversary of independence. Calvin Coolidge, the 30th President, was born on July 4, 1872; so far he is the only U.S. President to have been born on Independence Day.
Observance
In 1777, thirteen gunshots were fired in salute, once at morning and once again as evening fell, on July 4 in Bristol, Rhode Island. Philadelphia celebrated the first anniversary in a manner a modern American would find familiar: an official dinner for the Continental Congress, toasts, 13-gun salutes, speeches, prayers, music, parades, troop reviews, and fireworks. Ships in port were decked with red, white, and blue bunting.[14]
In 1778, from his headquarters at Ross Hall, near New Brunswick, New Jersey, General George Washington marked July 4 with a double ration of rum for his soldiers and an artillery salute (feu de joie). Across the Atlantic Ocean, ambassadors John Adams and Benjamin Franklin held a dinner for their fellow Americans in Paris, France.[15]
American children of many ethnic backgrounds celebrate noisily in 1902 Puck cartoon
In 1779, July 4 fell on a Sunday. The holiday was celebrated on Monday, July 5.[15]
In 1781, the Massachusetts General Court became the first state legislature to recognize July 4 as a state celebration.[15]
In 1783, Moravians in Salem, North Carolina, held a celebration of July 4 with a challenging music program assembled by Johann Friedrich Peter. This work was titled The Psalm of Joy. This is recognized as the first recorded celebration[clarification needed] and is still celebrated there today.[16]
In 1870, the U.S. Congress made Independence Day an unpaid holiday for federal employees.[17]
In 1938, Congress changed Independence Day to a paid federal holiday.[18]
Customs
An 1825 invitation to an Independence Day celebration
Fireworks on Independence Day in Goleta, California.
Independence Day is a national holiday marked by patriotic displays. Similar to other summer-themed events, Independence Day celebrations often take place outdoors. Independence Day is a federal holiday, so all non-essential federal institutions (such as the postal service and federal courts) are closed on that day. Many politicians make it a point on this day to appear at a public event to praise the nation's heritage, laws, history, society, and people.
Families often celebrate Independence Day by hosting or attending a picnic or barbecue; many take advantage of the day off and, in some years, a long weekend to gather with relatives or friends. Decorations (e.g., streamers, balloons, and clothing) are generally colored red, white, and blue, the colors of the American flag. Parades are often held in the morning, before family get-togethers, while fireworks displays occur in the evening after dark at such places as parks, fairgrounds, or town squares.
The night before the Fourth was once the focal point of celebrations, marked by raucous gatherings often incorporating bonfires as their centerpiece. In New England, towns competed to build towering pyramids, assembled from barrels and casks. They were lit at nightfall, to usher in the celebration. The highest were in Salem, Massachusetts (on Gallows Hill, the famous site of the execution of 13 women and 6 men for witchcraft in 1692 during the Salem witch trials), where the tradition of celebratory bonfires had persisted, with pyramids composed of as many as forty tiers of barrels. These made the tallest bonfires ever recorded. The custom flourished in the 19th and 20th centuries, and is still practiced in some New England towns.[19]
Independence Day fireworks are often accompanied by patriotic songs such as the national anthem "The Star-Spangled Banner", "God Bless America", "America the Beautiful," "My Country, 'Tis of Thee," "This Land Is Your Land," "Stars and Stripes Forever," and, regionally, "Yankee Doodle" in northeastern states and "Dixie" in southern states. Some of the lyrics recall images of the Revolutionary War or the War of 1812.
Independence Day Parade in Washington, D.C.
Firework shows are held in many states, and many fireworks are sold for personal use or as an alternative to a public show. Safety concerns have led some states to ban fireworks or limit the sizes and types allowed. In addition, local and regional weather conditions may dictate whether the sale or use of fireworks in an area will be allowed. Some local or regional firework sales are limited or prohibited because of dry weather or other specific concerns. On these occasions the public may be prohibited from purchasing or discharging fireworks, but professional displays (such as those at sports events) may still take place, if certain safety precautions have been taken.
A salute of one gun for each state in the United States, called a "salute to the union," is fired on Independence Day at noon by any capable military base.[20]
In 2009, New York City had the largest fireworks display in the country, with more than 22 tons of pyrotechnics exploded.[21] It generally holds displays in the East River. Other major displays are in Chicago on Lake Michigan; in San Diego over Mission Bay; in Boston on the Charles River; in St. Louis on the Mississippi River; in San Francisco over the San Francisco Bay; and on the National Mall in Washington, D.C.
During the annual Windsor-Detroit International Freedom Festival, Detroit, Michigan hosts one of the world's largest fireworks displays, over the Detroit River, to celebrate Independence Day in conjunction with Windsor, Ontario's celebration of Canada Day.
The first week of July is typically one of the busiest United States travel periods of the year, as many people use what is often a three-day holiday weekend for extended vacation trips.[22]
Celebration gallery
In addition to a fireworks show, Miami, Florida lights one of its tallest buildings with the patriotic red, white and blue color scheme on Independence Day
New York City's fireworks display, shown above over the East Village, is sponsored by Macy's and is the largest[21] in the country
Play media
Patriotic trailer shown in theaters celebrating July 4, 1940
A festively decorated Independence day cake.
Lakes are a popular destination for Fourth of July celebrations in the midwest.
Notable celebrations
Originally entitled Yankee Doodle, this is one of several versions of a scene painted by A. M. Willard that came to be known as The Spirit of '76. Often imitated or parodied, it is a familiar symbol of American patriotism
Held since 1785, the Bristol Fourth of July Parade in Bristol, Rhode Island is the oldest continuous Independence Day celebration in the United States.
Since 1868, Seward, Nebraska has held a celebration on the same town square. In 1979 Seward was designated "America's Official Fourth of July City-Small Town USA" by resolution of Congress. Seward has also been proclaimed "Nebraska's Official Fourth of July City" by Governor James Exon in proclamation. Seward is a town of 6,000 but swells to 40,000+ during the July 4 celebrations.[23]
Since 1912, the Rebild Society, a Danish-American friendship organization, has held a July 4 weekend festival that serves as a homecoming for Danish-Americans in the Rebild municipality of Denmark.[24]
Since 1959, the International Freedom Festival is jointly held in Detroit, Michigan and Windsor, Ontario during the last week of June each year as a mutual celebration of Independence Day and Canada Day (July 1). It culminates in a large fireworks display over the Detroit River.
The famous Macy's fireworks display usually held over the East River in New York City has been televised nationwide on NBC since 1976. In 2009, the fireworks display was returned to the Hudson River for the first time since 2000 to commemorate the 400th anniversary of Henry Hudson's exploration of that river.[25]
The Boston Pops Orchestra has hosted a music and fireworks show over the Charles River Esplanade called the "Boston Pops Fireworks Spectacular" annually since 1973.[26] The event was broadcast nationally from 1991 until 2002 on A&E, and since 2002 by CBS and its Boston station WBZ-TV. WBZ/1030 and WBZ-TV broadcast the entire event locally, and from 2002 through 2012, CBS broadcast the final hour of the concert nationally in primetime. The national broadcast was put on hiatus beginning in 2013, which Pops executive producer David G. Mugar believed was the result of decreasing viewership caused by NBC's encore presentation of the Macy's fireworks.[27][28] The national broadcast will be revived for 2016, and expanded to two hours.[29]
On the Capitol lawn in Washington, D.C., A Capitol Fourth, a free concert broadcast live by PBS, NPR and the American Forces Network, precedes the fireworks and attracts over half a million people annually.
Other countries
The Philippines celebrates July 4 as its Republic Day to commemorate that day in 1946 when it ceased to be a U.S. territory and the United States officially recognized Philippine Independence.[30] July 4 was intentionally chosen by the United States because it corresponds to its Independence Day, and this day was observed in the Philippines as Independence Day until 1962. In 1964, the name of the July 4 holiday was changed to Republic Day. In Rwanda, July 4 is an official holiday known as Liberation Day, commemorating the end of the 1994 Rwandan Genocide in which the U.S. government also played a role. Rebild National Park in Denmark is said to hold the largest July 4 celebrations outside of the United States.[31]
See also
Holidays portal
United States portal
1776 (musical)
Constitution Day (United States)
To the Fourth of July (1898), poem
"What to a slave is the 4th of July?" – 1852 Frederick Douglass speech
References
^ Jump up to: a b "What is Independence Day in USA?". Tech Notes. July 2, 2015. Retrieved July 2, 2015.
Jump up ^ "National Days of Countries". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. New Zealand. Retrieved June 28, 2009.
Jump up ^ Central Intelligence Agency. "National Holiday". The World Factbook. Retrieved June 28, 2009.
Jump up ^ "National Holiday of Member States". United Nations. Retrieved June 28, 2009.
Jump up ^ Becker, p. 3.
Jump up ^ Staff writer (July 1, 1917). "How Declaration of Independence was Drafted" (PDF). New York Times. Retrieved November 20, 2009. On the following day, when the formal vote of Congress was taken, the resolutions were approved by twelve Colonies–all except New York. The original Colonies, therefore, became the United States of America on July 2, 1776.
Jump up ^ "Letter from John Adams to Abigail Adams, 3 July 1776, 'Had a Declaration…'". Adams Family Papers. Massachusetts Historical Society. Retrieved June 28, 2009.
Jump up ^ Maier, Pauline (August 7, 1997). "Making Sense of the Fourth of July". American Heritage. Retrieved June 28, 2009.
Jump up ^ Burnett, Edward Cody (1941). The Continental Congress. New York: W.W. Norton. pp. 191–96. ISBN 1104991853.
Jump up ^ Warren, Charles (July 1945). "Fourth of July Myths". William and Mary Quarterly. 3d. 2 (3): 238–272.
Jump up ^ "Top 5 Myths About the Fourth of July!". History News Network. George Mason University. June 30, 2001. Retrieved June 28, 2009.
Jump up ^ Becker, pp. 184–85.
Jump up ^ For the minority scholarly argument that the Declaration was signed on July 4, see Wilfred J. Ritz, "The Authentication of the Engrossed Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776", Law and History Review 4, no. 1 (Spring 1986): 179–204, via JSTOR.
Jump up ^ Heintze, "The First Celebrations".
^ Jump up to: a b c Heintze, "A Chronology of Notable Fourth of July Celebration Occurrences".
Jump up ^ [1] Archived July 22, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Heintze, "How the Fourth of July was Designated as an 'Official' Holiday".
Jump up ^ Heintze, "Federal Legislation Establishing the Fourth of July Holiday".
Jump up ^ "The Night Before the Fourth". The Atlantic. July 1, 2011. Retrieved November 4, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Origin of the 21-Gun Salute". U.S. Army Center of Military History. October 3, 2003. Retrieved July 4, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Biggest fireworks show in U.S. lights up sky, USA Today, July 2009.
Jump up ^ "AAA Chicago Projects Increase in Fourth of July Holiday Travelers", PR Newswire, 23 June 2010
Jump up ^ "History of Seward Nebraska 4th of July".
Jump up ^ "History". Rebild Society. Rebild National Park Society. Retrieved June 30, 2009.
Jump up ^ "2009 Macy's 4th of July Fireworks". Federated Department Stores. April 29, 2009. Retrieved July 4, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Welcome to Boston's 4th of July Celebration". Boston 4 Celebrations Foundation. 2009. Archived from the original on August 22, 2008. Retrieved July 4, 2009.
Jump up ^ James H. Burnett III. Boston gets a nonreality show: CBS broadcasts impossible views of 4th fireworks. Boston Globe, July 8, 2011
Jump up ^ Powers, Martine; Moskowitz, Eric (June 15, 2013). "July 4 fireworks gala loses its national pop". The Boston Globe. Retrieved June 16, 2013.
Jump up ^ "With CBS on board again, Keith Lockhart is ready to take over prime time". Boston Herald. Retrieved July 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ Philippine Republic Day, Official Gazette (Philippines), retrieved July 5, 2012
Jump up ^ Lindsey Galloway (Jul 3, 2012). "Celebrate American independence in Denmark".
Further reading
Becker, Carl L. (1922). The Declaration of Independence: A Study in the History of Political Ideas. New York: Harcourt, Brace. ISBN 0-394-70060-0. Retrieved June 28, 2009.
Criblez, Adam (2013). Parading Patriotism: Independence Day Celebrations in the Urban Midwest, 1826–1876. DeKalb, IL: Northern Illinois University Press.
Heintze, James R. "Fourth of July Celebrations Database". American University of Washington, D.C. Retrieved February 10, 2015.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Independence Day (United States).
Fourth of July Is Independence Day USA.gov, July 4, 2014
U.S. Independence Day a Civic and Social Event U.S. State Department, June 22, 2010
The Meaning of July Fourth for the Negro by Frederick Douglass
Fourth of July Orations Collection at the Division of Special Collections, Archives, and Rare Books, Ellis Library, University of Missouri
The Fourth of July, Back in the Day – slideshow by Life magazine
Fourth of July 2015 Fireworks in New York City on Youtube

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text:
Hypoproteinemia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Hypoproteinemia
Classification and external resources
ICD-9-CM
273.8
DiseasesDB
6534
MeSH
D007019
[edit on Wikidata]
Hypoproteinemia is a condition where there is an abnormally low level of protein in the blood. There are several causes that all result in edema once serum protein levels fall below a certain threshold.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Causes
2 Pathophysiology
3 Diagnosis
4 References
5 External links
Causes[edit]
Nutritional hypoproteinemia is due to severe limitation of protein intake in the diet. An example of nutritional hypoproteinemia is Kwashiorkor, a type of protein energy malnutrition affecting young children.
Malabsorption
Liver disease can also cause hypoproteinemia by decreasing synthesis of plasma proteins like albumin.
Renal disease like nephrotic syndrome can also result in hypoproteinemia because plasma proteins are lost in the urine.
Sepsis (whole body infection) – macrophages activated in the liver and spleen secrete TNF-alpha into the bloodstream resulting in hypoproteinemia.
Pathophysiology[edit]
Decreased serum protein reduces the osmotic pressure of the blood, leading to loss of fluid from the intravascular compartment, or the blood vessels, to the interstitial tissues, resulting in edema. This is termed as hypoproteinemia.
Diagnosis[edit]
Hypoproteinemia is often confirmed by testing for serum albumin and total protein levels.[2]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Semrad, Carol E. "Approach to the Patient with Diarrhea and Malabsorption": 895–913. doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-1604-7.00142-1.
Jump up ^ Laster, Leonard (1964-02-22). "Protein-losing Gastroenteropathy". JAMA. 187 (8). doi:10.1001/jama.1964.03060210072030. ISSN 0098-7484.
External links[edit]
CRISP Thesaurus 00004039[dead link]

[hide]
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Abnormal clinical and laboratory findings for blood tests (R70–R79, 790)
Red blood cells
Size
Anisocytosis
Macrocyte
Microcyte
Shape
Poikilocytosis
membrane abnormalities:
Acanthocyte
Codocyte
Ovalocyte
Spherocyte
Dacrocyte
Echinocyte
Schistocyte
Degmacyte
Drepanocyte
Stomatocyte
Knizocyte
Hemoglobinization
Anisochromia
Hypochromia
Inclusion bodies
Developmental
Howell–Jolly body
Basophilic stippling
Pappenheimer bodies
Cabot rings
Hemoglobin precipitation
Heinz body
Other
Rouleaux
Reticulocyte
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Smudge cell
Downey cell
Small molecules
Blood sugar
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Hyperglycemia
Prediabetes
Impaired fasting glucose
Impaired glucose tolerance
Oxyhyperglycemia
Nitrogenous
Azotemia
Hyperuricemia
Hypouricemia
Proteins
LFT
Elevated transaminases
Elevated ALP
Hypoproteinemia
Hypoalbuminemia
Other
Elevated cardiac markers
Elevated alpha-fetoprotein
Minerals
Iron overload disorder
Pathogens/sepsis
Bacteremia
Viremia
Fungemia
Parasitemia
Algaemia
Authority control
NDL: 00572778

This article about a disease, disorder, or medical condition is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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text:
Rain (The Script song)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
"Rain"
Single by The Script
from the album Freedom Child
Released
14 July 2017 (2017-07-14)
Format
Digital download
Genre
Pop[1]
Length
3:29
Label
Sony
Songwriter(s)
Mark Sheehan
James Barry
Camille Purcell
Daniel O'Donoghue
Producer(s)
Andrew Frampton
Jimbo
Max Farrar
Mark Sheehan
Daniel O'Donoghue
The Script singles chronology
"Man on a Wire"
(2015) "Rain"
(2017) "Arms Open"
(2017)
Music video
"Rain" on YouTube
"Rain" (stylised as "Ra!n" on the cover art) is a song by Irish rock band The Script. It was written by James Barry, Camille Purcell, Mark Sheehan and Danny O'Donoghue, with the latter two and Andrew Frampton, Jimbo Wallace, Max Farrar handling the song's production. The song was released on 14 July 2017, through Sony Music, as the lead single from the band's fifth studio album Freedom Child.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Credits and personnel
3 Charts
4 References
Background[edit]
The Script described the track as a "feel-good summer tune". "After a very long process of making 'Album 5', the song 'Rain' came right at the end. It's a summer song so we thought, only The Script can make it 'Rain in Summer'" the band stated.[3][4][5] In an interview with Metro, the band regarded the single as a progression. "I think we have afforded ourselves a little bit of leeway. The past four records have been not the same sound but we've been progressing at a slow rate. It's been two years since we had something out so there's two years worth of progression in our music. I'm sure to a lot of people it might sound quite drastic at first but if they heard the 60 songs we've put out you'd hear a slower progression." When asked if their change in sound was deliberate, they said:
"When we started this record we wanted to do something where people would hear a song and go 'oh I love that song!' and then look it up and find it's us. We wanted to change our sound a push our sound a bit. It's either adapt, change or die in this industry. It's very difficult in this industry. We wanted to revamp and reboot the sound and at the end of the day we're still the same songwriters and that's never going to go away."
The band said that they always "want something different in our lives" and "hoping our songs penetrate different markets and gain new fans", They referred themselves as an ambitious band. "With Rain we just decided we needed something a bit lighter, you can't just walk into a party of people and start with a heavy topic. It's nice to have a bit of escapism that people can bob their head to and not be so serious about but when people peel the layers of the song they realise that lyrically we've gone deep but on the surface we wanted people to have a bit of fun."[6]
Credits and personnel[edit]
Credits adapted from Tidal.[7]
Mark Sheehan – composing, lyrics, producing
James "Jimbo" Barry – composing, lyrics, producing, bass guitar, drums, guitar, programming
Camille Purcell – composing, lyrics, background vocals
Danny O'Donoghue – composing, lyrics, producing
Andrew Frampton – producing, keyboard, programming, vocal producing
Max Farrar – producing, keyboard, programming
Manny Marroquin – mixing engineering
Michelle Mancini – mastering engineering
Filippo Barbieri – engineering
Chris Galland – engineering
Robin Florent – assistant engineering
Scott Desmarais – assistant engineering
Charts[edit]
Chart (2017)
Peak
position
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[8]
63
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[9]
27
Belgium (Ultratip Wallonia)[10]
10
Croatia (HRT)[11]
12
Czech Republic (Rádio Top 100)[12]
57
Denmark Airplay (Tracklisten)[13]
13
Hungary (Rádiós Top 40)[14]
20
Ireland (IRMA)[15]
13
Mexico Airplay (Billboard)[16]
17
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[17]
3
Netherlands (Mega Top 50)[18]
23
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[19]
15
Poland (Polish Airplay Top 100) [20]
60
Scotland (Official Charts Company)[21]
4
Slovakia (Rádio Top 100)[22]
23
Slovenia (SloTop50)[23]
15
Sweden Heatseeker (Sverigetopplistan)[24]
10
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[25]
87
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[26]
15
US Adult Top 40 (Billboard)[27]
24
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Murphy, Lauren (14 July 2017). "The Script are back - watch the video for their new song 'Rain' now". entertainment.ie. Retrieved 15 July 2017.
Jump up ^ Baillie, Katie (21 July 2017). "The Script announce new album Freedom Child and tour: 'We wanted to revamp and reboot the sound'". Metro.co.uk. Retrieved 21 July 2017.
Jump up ^ Pell, Mike (13 July 2017). "Exclusive! The Script Are BACK With New Single 'Rain' & Here's Your First Look At The Music Video". MTV UK. Retrieved 15 July 2017.
Jump up ^ McCarthy, Laura (14 July 2017). "SINGLE REVIEW: The Script and Their New Song 'Rain'". CelebMix. Retrieved 15 July 2017.
Jump up ^ Ians (15 July 2017). "Irish band 'The Script' to make comeback after three years". The Times of India. Retrieved 15 July 2017.
Jump up ^ Baillie, Katie (14 July 2017). "The Script are back and with a whole new sound: 'Fans will think its pretty drastic but it's just progression'". Metro. Retrieved 15 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "Rain / The Script TIDAL". Tidal. Retrieved 15 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "Austriancharts.at – The Script – Rain" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – The Script – Rain" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50. Retrieved 13 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – The Script – Rain" (in French). Ultratip. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Croatia ARC TOP 100". HRT. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "ČNS IFPI" (in Czech). Hitparáda – Radio Top 100 Oficiální. IFPI Czech Republic. Note: insert 201741 into search. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Script – Rain Hitlisten.nu" (in Danish). Tracklisten. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Archívum – Slágerlisták – MAHASZ" (in Hungarian). Rádiós Top 40 játszási lista. Magyar Hanglemezkiadók Szövetsége. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "IRMA – Irish Charts". Irish Recorded Music Association. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Mexico Airplay: Oct 28, 2017". Billboard. Retrieved 16 May 2018. (Subscription required (help)).
Jump up ^ "Nederlandse Top 40 – week 41, 2017" (in Dutch). Dutch Top 40 Retrieved 20 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Lijst van 12-08-2017 - MEGA TOP 50" (in Dutch). Mega Top 50
Jump up ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – The Script – Rain" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Listy bestsellerów, wyróżnienia :: Związek Producentów Audio-Video". Polish Airplay Top 100. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Official Scottish Singles Sales Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "SNS IFPI" (in Slovak). Hitparáda – Radio Top 100 Oficiálna. IFPI Czech Republic. Note: insert 201739 into search. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "SloTop50: Slovenian official singles weekly chart" (in Slovenian). SloTop50. Retrieved 21 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Veckolista Heatseeker – Vecka 32, 11 augusti 2017". Sverigetopplistan. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Swisscharts.com – The Script – Rain". Swiss Singles Chart. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Script Chart History (Adult Pop Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
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Danny O'Donoghue
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Science & Faith
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No Sound Without Silence
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"Rain"
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3 World Tour
No Sound Without Silence Tour
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Discography
Mytown
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rain_(The_Script_song)&oldid=841539975"
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You Don't Have to Say You Love Me
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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"You Don't Have to Say You Love Me"
Single by Dusty Springfield
B-side
"Every Ounce of Strength" (Cropper/Hayes/Porter) (UK)
"Little by Little" (US)
Released
25 March 1966
Format
7" 45rpm
Recorded
Philips Studio, Stanhope Place, London
Genre
Traditional pop
Label
Philips BF 1482[1]
Songwriter(s)
Vicki Wickham, Simon Napier-Bell,[1] Pino Donaggio, Vito Pallavicini
Producer(s)
Johnny Franz[1]
Dusty Springfield UK singles chronology
"Little by Little"
(1966) "You Don't Have to Say You Love Me"
(1966) "Goin' Back"
(1966)
"Little by Little"
(1966) "You Don't Have to Say You Love Me"
(1966) "Goin' Back"
(1966)
Dusty Springfield US singles chronology
"I Just Don't Know What to Do with Myself"
(1965) I Just Don't Know What to Do with Myself1965 "You Don't Have to Say You Love Me"
(1966) You Don't Have to Say You Love Me1966 "All I See is You"
(1966) All I See is You1966
"You Don't Have to Say You Love Me" (originally a 1965 Italian song by Pino Donaggio and lyricist Vito Pallavicini: '"Io che non vivo (senza te)") is a 1966 hit recorded by English singer Dusty Springfield that proved to be her most successful hit single, reaching number one on the UK Singles Chart[2] and number four on the Billboard Hot 100; the song subsequently charted in the UK via remakes by Elvis Presley (No. 9/1971), Guys 'n' Dolls (No. 5/1976) and Denise Welch (No. 23/1995), with Presley's version, released in 1970, also reaching No. 11 in the United States.[3][4] "You Don't Have to Say You Love Me" was also a Top Ten hit in Ireland for Red Hurley (No. 5/1978), in Italy for Wall Street Crash (No. 6/1983), and - as "En koskaan" - in Finland for Kristina Hautala (No. 6/1966).
Contents
[hide]
1 Original Italian version
2 Dusty Springfield version
3 Elvis Presley version
4 Other versions
4.1 English-language cover versions
4.2 International cover versions
5 Sales and certifications
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Original Italian version[edit]
"Io che non vivo (senza te)" — "I, who can't live (without you)" — was introduced at the 15th edition of the Sanremo Festival by Pino Donaggio — who had co-written the song with Vito Pallavicini — and his team partner Jody Miller: the song got to the final at Sanremo and as recorded by Donaggio reached No. 1 in Italy in March 1965. "Io che non vivo (senza te)" would also be prominently featured on the soundtrack of the Luchino Visconti film Vaghe stelle dell'Orsa (aka Sandra), starring Claudia Cardinale, which was awarded the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival that September.
Dusty Springfield version[edit]
Dusty Springfield, who participated at the 1965 Sanremo Festival, was in the audience when Donaggio and Miller performed "Io che non vivo (senza te)" and despite having no awareness of the lyrics' meaning the song moved Springfield to tears.[citation needed] Springfield obtained an acetate recording of Donaggio's song, but allowed a year to go by before actively pursuing the idea of recording an English version.
On 9 March 1966, Springfield had an instrumental track of Donaggio's composition recorded at Philips Studio Marble Arch: the session personnel included guitarist Big Jim Sullivan and drummer Bobby Graham. Springfield still lacked an English lyric to record: eventually Springfield's friend Vicki Wickham, the producer of Ready Steady Go!, would write the required English lyric with her own friend Simon Napier-Bell who was the manager of the Yardbirds. Neither Wickham nor Napier-Bell had any discernible experience as songwriters: according to Napier-Bell, he and Wickham were dining out when she mentioned to him that Springfield hoped to get an English lyric for Donaggio's song and the two lightheartedly took up the challenge of writing the lyric themselves: "We went back to [Wickham]'s flat and started working on it. We wanted to go to a trendy disco so we had about an hour to write it. We wrote the chorus and then we wrote the verse in a taxi to wherever we were going."[citation needed] Neither Wickham or Napier-Bell had any understanding of the Italian lyrics of the original song: according to Wickham they attempted to write their own lyric for an anti-love song to be called "I Don't Love You"; when that original idea proved unproductive it was adjusted first to "You Don't Love Me" and then "You Don't Have to Love Me" which was finalized as "You Don't Have to Say You Love Me" to fit the song's melody. Napier-Bell was later to title his first book (an autobiographical account of the British music scene of the 1960s) You Don't Have to Say You Love Me after the song.
Springfield recorded her vocal the next day: unhappy with the acoustics in the recording booth she eventually moved into a stairwell to record. Springfield was not satisfied with her vocal until she had recorded 47 takes.[citation needed]
Released on 25 March 1966 in the UK, the single release of Springfield's recording became a huge hit and remains one of the songs most identified with her. When Springfield died from breast cancer in March 1999, the song was featured on Now 42 as a tribute.
The song hit No.1 in the UK and No.4 in the US.[3] The song proved so popular in the US that Springfield's 1965 album Ev'rything's Coming Up Dusty was released there with a slightly different track listing, and titled after the hit single (the B side of the US single, "Little by Little" was issued in the UK as a separate A side and reached No.17 there). In 2004, the song made the Rolling Stone list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time[5] at No.491.
Elvis Presley version[edit]
"You Don't Have to Say You Love Me" was recorded by Elvis Presley for his 1970 album release That's the Way It Is from which it was issued as the second single 6 October 1970. The track had been recorded in the evening of 6 June 1970 in Studio B of RCA Studios (Nashville), being the third of seven songs recorded that night: the session's producer Felton Jarvis felt that the second take was good enough to serve as the master track but Presley insisted on a third and final take.[6] Reaching #11 on the Hot 100 in Billboard magazine, "You Don't Have to Say You Love Me" afforded Presley a #1 hit on the Billboard Easy Listening chart. The single reached #1, also reaching #56 on the Billboard C&W chart.[7] It became a gold record. A hit for Presley in both Australia (#7) and Canada (#6), "You Don't Have to Say You Love Me" was twice a hit for Presley in the British Isles with its original release reaching #9 in the UK and #17 in Ireland, in which territories the track's 2007 re-release charted with respective peaks of #16 and #29.[3]
Other versions[edit]
English-language cover versions[edit]
"You Don't Have to Say You Love Me" has been recorded by many artists, including:
Clay Aiken as an iTunes exclusive bonus track for his 2010 album Tried and True
American Idol season 6 finalist Stephanie Edwards
American Idol season 11 finalist Skylar Laine sang a country version of "You Don't Have to Say You Love Me" on 1960s night.
Lynn Anderson
Jessica Andersson on her album, Wake Up (2009)
Michael Ball
John Barrowman
Dany Brillant
Patrizio Buanne (on his 2007 album Forever Begins Tonight) as "Io Che Non Vivo (You Don't Have to Say You Love Me)": track features lyrics from both the Italian and English-language versions
Mary Byrne
Glen Campbell in 1999 on his album My Hits and Love Songs.
Cher on the 1966 album Chér
Vic Damone on the 1997 album Greatest Love Songs of the Century.
John Davidson
Taylor Dayne from the 1998 album Naked Without You
Pamela Dean had the hit version of the song in South Africa, her local cover charting with a #15 peak in the summer of 1966.
Kiki Dee on her 1970 Motown album Great Expectations
Jackie DeShannon from her 1966 album "Are You Ready For This?"
Faris Esho - Assyrian-Iraqi singer.
The Floaters - No.28 R&B/ December 1977
The Four Sonics - No.32 R&B * No.78 Billboard Hot 100/ March 1968
Connie Francis recorded a mixed English/Italian version.
Robert Goulet
Guys 'n' Dolls - No.5 UK/ 3-20-1976 * No.1 Ireland/ chart debut 3-18-1976 * No.12 the Netherlands/ 9-24-1977 * Belgium (Flemish Region) No.8/ 10-1-1977
Garry Hagger (nl)
Tracy Huang (黃鶯鶯/黃露儀), Taiwanese singer, on her 1980 LP album Songs Of The 60’s[8]
Red Hurley - No.5 Ireland/ chart debut 5-18-1978
Jill Johnson
Tom Jones, this is Tom Jones, 1970, The Midnight Special - 1976, 1981 U.S. T.V. SPECIALS
Patricia Kaas
Kong Ling (江玲), Hong Kong songstress, on her 1968 LP album Kong Ling Today
Larz-Kristerz
Vicky Leandros
Amanda Lear covered the song on her 2014 tribute album My Happiness.
Brenda Lee
The Lennon Sisters
Juliana Luok (陸小雅), Hong Kong songstress, on her 1974 LP album Killing Me Softly
Shelby Lynne
Ramiele Malubay (released as an American Idol live performance single on the iTunes Music Store in 2008)
Maureen McGovern
Lani Misalucha
Bill Medley
Matt Monro
Olsen Brothers
Donny & Marie Osmond Track 3 on Goin' Coconuts, 1978.
Marissa Paternoster for her side project, Noun
Arthur Prysock
Smokey Robinson & The Miracles covered the song on their 1970 album Four in Blue
In 1983, The Shadows recorded an instrumental version of "You Don't Have to Say You Love Me".
Teresa Teng on her English album (邓丽君音乐手札07 (英语))
Carla Thomas on her 1966 album Carla (Stax)
Isao Tomita
Mel Tormé as a bonus track on 1997 CD reissue of Right Now!
Nadia Turner first sang it on 1960s night (Top 12) during American Idol (season 4), and received judges' acclaim.
Jerry Vale
Giada Valenti For her music special "From Venice With Love" which had its debut in December 2015 on PBS television in the United States
Il Volo
Wall Street Crash, a vocal octet led by Keith Strachan, had a No.6 hit in Italy with "You Don't Have to Say You Love Me" in the summer of 1983 after competing with the song at Festivalbar
Denise Welch whose 1995 remake was a double A-side hit with "Cry Me a River" at No.23 UK
International cover versions[edit]
The Italian original "Io che non vivo" has been remade by Milva, Morgan (album Italian Songbook Vol 2/ 2012), and Russell Watson (album La Voce/ 2010): also Patrizio Buanne recorded "Io Che Non Vivo (You Don't Have to Say You Love Me)" - the track featuring lyrics from both the Italian and English-language versions - for his 2007 album Forever Begins Tonight. In October 1965 Richard Anthony recorded a French rendering of "Io che non vivo (senza te)": "Jamais je ne vivrai sans toi", which served as the title cut of an album release. In Quebec Anthony's version of "Jamais je ne vivrai sans toi" competed with a local cover version by Margot Lefebvre with both tracks co-ranked at No.38 in the annual ranking of the top hits of 1966.[9] A Catalan rendering of "Io che non vivo" entitled "Jo no puc viure sense tu" was a 1965 single release for Renata. Pino Donaggio himself recorded a Spanish version of the song entitled "Yo que no vivo sin ti",[10] which was remade in 1971 by Angélica María for her self-titled album and in 1987 by Luis Miguel on his album Soy Como Quiero Ser, Miguel's version ranking at No.26 on the Hot Latin Tracks in Billboard.
Most international versions of the song were subsequent to Dusty Springfield's 1966 success with "You Don't Have to Say You Love Me" and reference that version's lyrics rather than the Italian original.
One of the earliest non-English renderings of "You Don't Have to Say You Love Me" was the Finnish "En koskaan" recorded by Kristina Hautala on May 24, 1966: entering the Finnish Top Ten in November 1966 - in effect succeeding Springfield's version which had peaked at No.6 in Finland earlier that month - "En koskaan" spent eleven weeks in the Top Ten peaking at No.6. Subsequently "En koskaan" was remade by Lea Laven on her 1978 album release Aamulla Rakkaani Näin, by Kurre (fi) on his 1979 album Jäit Sateen Taa, by Mika Pohjonen (fi) on his 1993 self-titled album release, by Harri Marstio (fi) on his 1993 album release Sateenkaaren pää, and by Topi Sorsakoski on his 1997 album release Kalliovuorten kuu.
"You Don't Have to Say You Love Me" has also been rendered in Croatian as "Moju ljubav nisi hteo" recorded by Nada Knežević (sr) and also as "Nemoj reći da me voliš" recorded by Sanjalice; in Czech as "Hledej k mému srdci klíč" recorded by Eva Pilarová, and also as "Jarní Víra" recorded by Laďka Kozderková (cs); in Danish as "Du Kan Gi' Mig Hele Verden" recorded by Grethe Ingmann, and also as "Jeg har ikke brug for løfter" recorded by Ulla Pia (da); in Dutch as "Geloof me" recorded by André Hazes; in German as "Alle meine Träume" recorded by Peter Beil (de) and also by Corry Brokken and also by Ingrid Peters, while other German renderings have been recorded by Angelika Milster (de) ("Unser Traum Darf Niemals Sterben") and by Trude Herr ("Ich Sage, Wat Ich Meine"); in Swedish as "Vackra sagor är så korta" recorded by Marianne Kock (sv) and also Jan Höiland (sv) and also Anne-Lie Rydé; and in Spanish as "Yo que no vivo sin tí" recorded by Iva Zanicchi.
This song was covered by the late Singaporean singer/songwriter/lyricist Su Yin (舒雲) in Mandarin Chinese language with Chinese lyrics written by himself and given the title name of 祝福你, appearing on his LP album 黃昏放牛＊一片青青的草地, and released by EMI Columbia Records in 1967. While in 1969, Hong Kong songstress Frances Yip (葉麗儀) recorded the song in alternate Mandarin Chinese and English language mode under a title name of 誰令你變心/You Don't Have To Say You Love Me, on her EP album 不了情 with the local Life Records.
Sales and certifications[edit]
Elvis Presley version
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
Japan
308,000[11]
United States (RIAA)[12]
Gold 500,000^
^shipments figures based on certification alone
See also[edit]
List of number-one singles from the 1960s (UK)
List of number-one adult contemporary singles of 1970 (U.S.)
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c Rice, Jo (1982). The Guinness Book of 500 Number One Hits (1st ed.). Enfield, Middlesex: Guinness Superlatives Ltd. p. 100. ISBN 0-85112-250-7.
Jump up ^ Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums (19th ed.). London: Guinness World Records Limited. p. 190. ISBN 1-904994-10-5.
^ Jump up to: a b c "You Don't Have to Say You Love Me - Full Official Chart History". Official Charts Company. Official Charts Company. Retrieved 20 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "Lyrics: You Don't Have To Say You Love Me by Elvis Presley". Top40db.net. Retrieved 2014-04-06.
Jump up ^ "The RS 500 Greatest Songs of All Time". RollingStone.com. Retrieved 2008-11-05.
Jump up ^ Jorgensen, Ernest (1998). Elvis Presley: A Life In Music. NYC: St Martin's Griffin. ISBN 978-0312263157.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2002). Top Adult Contemporary: 1961-2001. Record Research. p. 196.
Jump up ^ "YouTube". YouTube. Retrieved 2014-04-06.
Jump up ^ "Palmarès rétro 1966". Retrojeunesse60.com. Retrieved 2014-04-06.
Jump up ^ "Yo Que No Vivo Sin Ti - Pino Donaggio - (1965)". YouTube. 2010-11-18. Retrieved 2014-04-06.
Jump up ^ "List of best-selling international singles in Japan". JP&KIYO. 2002. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
Jump up ^ "American single certifications – Elvis Presley – You Don_t Have to Say You Love Me". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved 2013-04-25. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Single, then click SEARCH
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
Preceded by
"Somebody Help Me" by The Spencer Davis Group UK number one single
April 28, 1966 (one week) Succeeded by
"Pretty Flamingo" by Manfred Mann
[show]
v
t
e
Elvis Presley singles discography
1954
"That's All Right" / "Blue Moon of Kentucky"
"Good Rockin' Tonight" / "I Don't Care if the Sun Don't Shine"
"You're a Heartbreaker"
1955
"Baby Let's Play House"
"I Forgot to Remember to Forget" / "Mystery Train"
1956
"Heartbreak Hotel" / "I Was the One"
"I Want You, I Need You, I Love You" / "My Baby Left Me"
"Don't Be Cruel" / "Hound Dog"
"Blue Suede Shoes" / "Tutti Frutti"
"Money Honey"
"I Got a Woman"
"Tryin' to Get to You"
"Blue Moon"
"I'll Never Let You Go (Lil' Darlin')" / "I'm Gonna Sit Right Down and Cry (Over You)"
"Shake, Rattle and Roll" / "Lawdy Miss Clawdy"
"Love Me Tender"
1957
"Too Much" / "Playing for Keeps"
"All Shook Up"
"Peace in the Valley
"(Let Me Be Your) Teddy Bear"
"Paralyzed" (UK)
"Jailhouse Rock"
"Party" / "Got a Lot o' Livin' to Do!" (UK)
1958
"Don't"
"Wear My Ring Around Your Neck"
"Hard Headed Woman" / "Don't Ask Me Why"
"King Creole" (UK)
"One Night"
1959
"I Need Your Love Tonight" / "A Fool Such as I"
"A Big Hunk o' Love"
1960
"Stuck on You" / "Fame and Fortune"
"It's Now or Never"
"Are You Lonesome Tonight?"
1961
"Surrender" / "Lonely Man"
"I Feel So Bad" / "Wild in the Country"
"(Marie's the Name) His Latest Flame" / "Little Sister"
"Can't Help Falling in Love" / "Rock-A-Hula Baby"
1962
"Good Luck Charm" / "Anything That's Part of You"
"She's Not You"
"Return to Sender" / "Where Do You Come From"
1963
"One Broken Heart for Sale"
"(You're the) Devil in Disguise"
"Bossa Nova Baby" / "Witchcraft"
1964
"Kissin' Cousins" / "It Hurts Me"
"What'd I Say" / "Viva Las Vegas"
"Such a Night" / "Never Ending"
"Ask Me" / "Ain't That Loving You Baby"
"Blue Christmas"
1965
"Do the Clam" / "You'll Be Gone"
"Crying in the Chapel
"(Such an) Easy Question"
"I'm Yours"
"Puppet on a String" / "Wooden Heart"
1966
"Tell Me Why" / "Blue River"
"Frankie and Johnny" / "Please Don't Stop Loving Me"
"Love Letters"
"Spinout" / "All That I Am"
"If Every Day Was Like Christmas"
1967
"Indescribably Blue"
"Long Legged Girl (With the Short Dress On)" / "That's Someone You Never Forget"
"There's Always Me" / "Judy"
"Big Boss Man" / "You Don't Know Me"
1968
"Guitar Man"
"U.S. Male" / "Stay Away"
"You'll Never Walk Alone"
"Your Time Hasn't Come Yet, Baby" / "Let Yourself Go"
"Almost in Love" / "A Little Less Conversation"
"If I Can Dream" / "Edge of Reality"
1969
"Memories" / "Charro"
"How Great Thou Art"
"In the Ghetto" / "Any Day Now"
"Clean Up Your Own Backyard"
"Suspicious Minds" / "You'll Think of Me"
"Don't Cry Daddy"
1970
"Kentucky Rain"
"The Wonder of You"
"I've Lost You"
"You Don't Have to Say You Love Me" / "Patch It Up"
"I Really Don't Want to Know" / "There Goes My Everything"
1971
"Rags to Riches"
"Life" / "Only Believe"
"I'm Leavin'"
"It's Only Love"
"Merry Christmas Baby" / "O Come All Ye Faithful"
1972
"Until It's Time for You to Go"
"He Touched Me"
"An American Trilogy" / "The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face"
"Burning Love" / "It's a Matter of Time"
"Separate Ways" / "Always on My Mind"
1973
"Steamroller Blues" / "Fool"
"Raised on Rock" / "For Ol' Times Sake"
1974
"I've Got a Thing About You Baby"
"If You Talk in Your Sleep" / "Help Me"
"Promised Land" / "It's Midnight"
1975
"My Boy" / "Thinking About You"
"T-R-O-U-B-L-E"
"Bringing It Back" / "Pieces of My Life"
1976
"Hurt" / "For the Heart"
"Moody Blue"
1977
"Way Down"
"My Way" / "America the Beautiful"
1978
"Unchained Melody" / "Softly as I Leave You"
Category
[show]
v
t
e
Luis Miguel singles
Soy Como Quiero Ser
"Ahora Te Puedes Marchar"
"Cuando Calienta El Sol"
"Yo Que No Vivo Sin Ti"
Busca Una Mujer
"La Incondicional"
"Fría Como el Viento"
20 Años
"Tengo Todo Excepto a Ti"
"Entrégate"
"Será Que No Me Amas"
Romance
"Inolvidable"
"No Sé Tú"
"Contigo en la Distancia"
América & En Vivo
"América, América"
Aries
"Hasta Que Me Olvides"
"Suave"
Segundo Romance
"El Día Que Me Quieras"
"La Media Vuelta"
Nada Es Igual...
"Dame"
"Cómo Es Posible Que a Mi Lado"
Romances
"Por Debajo de la Mesa"
"Sabor a Mí"
"Bésame Mucho"
Amarte Es un Placer
"Sol, Arena y Mar"
"O Tú o Ninguna"
"Dormir Contigo"
"Amarte Es un Placer"
Mis Romances
"Amor, Amor, Amor"
Navidades
"Santa Claus Llegó a La Ciudad"
"Mi Humilde Oración"
Cómplices
"Si Tú Te Atreves"
"Te Desean"
Luis Miguel
"Labios de Miel"
As featured artist
"Me Gustas Tal Como Eres"
Other songs
"Sueña"
Dèja Vu
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=You_Don%27t_Have_to_Say_You_Love_Me&oldid=826417133"
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India–Myanmar barrier
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Burma with India to the west
The India–Myanmar barrier is a border barrier that India is constructing to seal its 1,624-kilometre (1,009 mi)-long border with Burma. India hopes to curtail cross-border crime, including goods, arms and counterfeit Indian currency smuggling, drug trafficking and insurgency. The United Nations Drug Control Programme (UNDCP) and International Narcotics Control Board (INCB) also warned about the poor state of border security facilities stating that the region could become a major transit point for illicit drugs.[1] During the years 2001-2003, Indian security forces blamed the porous border for 200 security personnel and civilian deaths in militancy-related violence in the region.[2] Four Northeast Indian states share the border with Burma: Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Mizoram and Manipur. Both governments agreed to conduct a joint survey before erecting the fence. The Indian Home Ministry and its Burmese counterpart completed the survey within six months and in March 2003 began erecting a fence along the border.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Local protests
2 Border crossings
2.1 Arunachal Pradesh State
2.2 Manipur State
2.3 Mizoram State
2.4 Nagaland State
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
Local protests[edit]
In 2004, fencing work in the state of Manipur along the border was stalled due to protests raised by the local Kuki and Naga communities. According to them, a huge stretch of land would become Burma’s territory and foster unrest among people living on both sides of the border. The protests from people living in the Moreh, Chorokhunou and Molchan areas forced the Home Ministry to refer the matter to the Manipur government.[3]
This fence will divide many ethnic communities, including the Lushei, Nagas, Chins and Kukis whose lands straddle the regions between the two states. It is thus a highly sensitive issue.[1]
In 2007 it was reported that in the state of Manipur, a boundary dispute arose with ownership of nine border pillars being disputed.[4]
Border crossings[edit]
The India–Myanmar border has the Free Movement Regime (FMR) which allows the tribes living along the border to travel 16-km across the boundary without visa restrictions.[5] There are over 250 villages with over 300,000 people living within 10 km of the border who frequently cross the border through 150 small and large, formal and informal, border crossings.[6]
Arunachal Pradesh State[edit]
Diphu Pass to Mayanmar in Arunachal Pradesh is closer to China–Myanmar–India border
Nampong to Pangsau Pass near Lake of No Return on Mayanmarese side, via National Highway 153 (India) (Ledo Road which is part of Stilwell Road)
Manipur State[edit]
Behiang to Khenman via Tedim Road[7]
Moreh, India to Tamu, Myanmar, has an integrated check post with customs
Mizoram State[edit]
Zokhawthar to Khawmawi and Rikhawdar via the bridge over the Harhva river
Nagaland State[edit]
See also[edit]
Foreign relations of Burma
Indo-Bangladeshi barrier
Line of Control
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Bhonsle, Col. Rahul K. (July 28, 2007). "India's 'Look Myanmar' Policy". Boloji.com. Retrieved 2007-10-10.
Jump up ^ "India, Burma to fence the border". Mizzima News. May 17, 2003. Retrieved 2007-10-10.
^ Jump up to: a b Khaund, Surajit (15 October 2004). "India-Burma border fencing delays due to protest by local communities". Burma News International. Retrieved 2007-10-10.
Jump up ^ "New effort: India-Myanmar to begin talks". Times of India. September 2, 2007. Retrieved 2007-10-10.
Jump up ^ India Mayanmar border, Published 2013
Jump up ^ India Mayanmar Border populations, Published 2015
Jump up ^ Imphal to Tedim 265 km road
External links[edit]
Map of India-Bangladesh-Myanmar border links
Mizzima News: India proposes border fencing to Burma - Mungpi; March 14, 2007
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=India–Myanmar_barrier&oldid=802993539"
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Border barriers
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