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The Thrill of It All (Sam Smith album)
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The Thrill of It All
Studio album by Sam Smith
Released
3 November 2017
Length
35:38
Label
Capitol
Producer
Steve Fitzmaurice (also exec.)
Jimmy Napes (also exec.)
Brendan Grieve
Malay
Tyler Johnson
StarGate
Emile Haynie
Timbaland
Sam Smith chronology
The Lost Tapes – Remixed
(2015) The Thrill of It All
(2017)
Singles from The Thrill of It All
"Too Good at Goodbyes"
Released: 8 September 2017
"One Last Song"
Released: 3 November 2017
"Pray"
Released: 29 March 2018[1]
"Baby, You Make Me Crazy"
Released: 29 June 2018[2]
The Thrill of It All is the second studio album by English singer and songwriter Sam Smith.[3] It was released on 3 November 2017 through Capitol Records.[4]
Contents
1 Background
2 Singles
2.1 Promotional singles
3 Critical reception
3.1 Accolades
4 Commercial performance
5 Track listing
6 Charts
6.1 Weekly charts
6.2 Year-end charts
7 Certifications
8 Release history
9 Tour
10 References
Background[edit]
On 6 October 2017, Smith announced via Twitter that his second album, titled "The Thrill of It All", was to be released on 3 November 2017.[5] It is Smith's second full album of material after his hugely successful debut album In the Lonely Hour (2014), which has sold 12 million copies worldwide.
Speaking to Billboard about the album, Smith said:
"I went through, like, this vortex, came out, I feel like I've rebuilt myself as a stronger thing and I'm just gonna go into the vortex again," he says in a preview that features a montage of studio sessions. "I wasn't trying to make a big pop record when I made this album. I was actually just trying to make something personal and like a diary."[6]
Singles[edit]
"Too Good at Goodbyes" was released as the album's lead single on 8 September 2017. It topped the UK Singles Chart and made the top five on the US Billboard Hot 100.[3]
"One Last Song" was sent to radio in the United Kingdom on 3 November 2017, on the day of album release as its second single.[7][8]
On 27 March 2018, Smith announced that "Pray" would serve as the third single, and would feature newly recorded guest vocals from American rapper Logic. The song was released on 29 March 2018.[9]
"Baby, You Make Me Crazy" was released as the fourth single from the album on 29 June 2018.[2]
Promotional singles[edit]
On 6 October 2017, Smith released "Pray", a gospel-tinged ballad in collaboration with Timbaland, prompted by time spent in Iraq with the charity War Child as a promotional single from the album.[3][10] Another promotional single, "Burning", was released on 27 October 2017.[11]
Critical reception[edit]
Professional ratings
Aggregate scores
Source
Rating
AnyDecentMusic? 5.9/10[12]
Metacritic 72/100[13]
Review scores
Source
Rating
AllMusic [14]
The Daily Telegraph [15]
Entertainment Weekly B[16]
The Guardian [17]
The Independent [18]
NME [19]
The Observer [20]
Pitchfork 5.8/10[21]
Rolling Stone [22]
Slant Magazine [23]
The Thrill of It All received generally positive reviews from music critics. On Metacritic, which assigns a normalised rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, the album received an average score of 72 based on 16 reviews.[13]
Neil McCormick of The Daily Telegraph gave the album four stars, and was highly positive about it and Smith's vocals, calling them "supernatural" and saying: "The Thrill of It All doesn't just wallow in love's misery, it practically drowns in the stuff. Its 10 songs are almost unrelentingly miserable, self-absorbed and self-pitying, verging on the lachrymose and sentimental (as lovers in the midst of a break-up often are). The instrumentation is understated piano and strings blended with just the occasional hint of contemporary hip-hop effects. At times, Smith's lyrics display a slightly clunking prosaicness. There's not much poetry in lines such as 'real love is never a waste of time' or 'there’' no insurance to pay for the damage'. Yet it all hits home, because Smith makes every note sound like a matter of life and death. 'Him' is the album’s centrepiece, a gospel drama addressed to a judgmental 'father', insisting on Smith's right to love whom he chooses. It is a kind of hymn to Him, and as the choir powers up it gains a righteous glory."[15] Andy Gill from The Independent also gave a four-star review, and shared in the positivity about the album, remarking: "Smith's voice remains a thing of wonder throughout".[18]
Will Hermes for Rolling Stone also gave a positive four-star review, and said: "Doubling down on his magnificent, gender-nonconforming voice while pushing his songcraft forward, Smith's second LP knights one of the mightiest, most expressive vocalists of his generation."[22] In another positive review Nick Levine from NME compared Smith to Adele in his review of the album, stating: "Both have become enormously successful by singing emotional ballads that connect with huge numbers of people, and both are understandably reluctant to raise the tempo as a result. But like Adele's 25, this is an undeniably accomplished album that will, deservedly, shift a helluva lot of copies.[19] AllMusic's Andy Kellman was positive too in his three and a half-star review, and opined: "this album maintains a consistency and intensity that places it slightly above the debut."[14]
Some reviews were more negative. Though making it his album of the week and giving it three stars, Alexis Petridis from The Guardian was more mixed in his review, writing: "There’s a certain power to "The Thrill of It All" but it could have been a much more potent album if they’d laid off the polish just a little."[17] Kitty Empire from The Observer was less enthusiastic in a more negative two-star review, claiming Smith was "moping by numbers" like Adele, and surmised: "There is little drama here, just plenty of shorthand (sad pianos), a total absence of risk"[20]
Accolades[edit]
Publication
Accolade
Rank
Ref.
Rolling Stone 50 Best Albums of 2017
10
[24]
Commercial performance[edit]
The Thrill of It All topped the UK Albums Chart in its first week of release with 97,328 combined units (consisting of 83,637 sales and 13,691 sales-equivalent streams), giving Smith his second number-one album in the nation after In the Lonely Hour (2014). It also had the fifth-largest opening there at the time for a 2017 album.[25][26] The record fell to number two the next week with a combined total of 52,781 units.[27][28] before returning to the top spot three weeks later[29] and being displaced by Ed Sheeran's ÷ the following week.[30] In Australia, the album opened at number two on the ARIA Albums Chart, becoming the singer's second album to enter at that position after In the Lonely Hour.[31] It additionally debuted at number one on the Irish[32] and Scottish charts.[33]
The album the entered atop the US Billboard 200 with 237,000 album-equivalent units, including 185,000 pure sales, giving Smith his first chart-topper and highest opening sales in the United States. It also had the country's seventh-largest album opening of the year at the time.[34] The Thrill of It All dropped to number two the following week, earning 66,000 album-equivalent units.[35] It also became his first number one on the Canadian Albums Chart, debuting with 16,000 units, including 9,500 copies.[36]
The Thrill of It All sold over 2,376,000 copies worldwide as of July 2018.
Track listing[edit]
Standard edition[4]
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Producer(s)
Length
1. "Too Good at Goodbyes"
Sam Smith
James Napier
Mikkel S.Eriksen
Tor Erik Hermansen
Steve Fitzmaurice
Jimmy Napes
Stargate
3:21
2. "Say It First"
S. Smith
Napier
James Ho
Malay
Fitzmaurice
Napes
4:07
3. "One Last Song"
S. Smith
Napier
Tyler Johnson
Fitzmaurice
Napes
Johnson
3:12
4. "Midnight Train"
S. Smith
Napier
Ho
Fitzmaurice
Napes
Malay
3:27
5. "Burning"
S. Smith
Jason "Poo Bear" Boyd
Dominic Jordan
Jimmy Giannos
Fitzmaurice
Napes
3:23
6. "Him"
S. Smith
Brendan Grieve
Reuben James
Fitzmaurice
Grieve
3:10
7. "Baby, You Make Me Crazy"
S. Smith
Napier
Emile Haynie
Dennis Ronald Thomas
Woodrow Sparrow
Gene Redd Sr.
George Melvin Brown
Claydes Smith
Richard Westfield
Robert Bell
Robert Mickens
Ronald Bell
Fitzmaurice
Napes
Haynie
3:27
8. "No Peace" (featuring Yebba)
S. Smith
Napier
Yebba Smith
Fitzmaurice
Napes
4:43
9. "Palace"
S. Smith
Johnson
Camaron Ochs
Johnson
3:07
10. "Pray"
S. Smith
Napier
Timothy Mosley
Darryl Pearson
Larrance Dopson
Jose A. Valasquez
Timbaland
Fitzmaurice
Napes
3:41
Total length: 35:38
showSpecial edition bonus tracks[4]
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Producer(s)
Length
11. "Nothing Left for You"
S. Smith
Napier
Fitzmaurice
Napes
3:46
12. "The Thrill of It All"
S. Smith
Grieve
James
Fitzmaurice
Napes
Grieve
3:28
13. "Scars"
S. Smith
Grieve
Grieve
Fitzmaurice[a]
3:03
14. "One Day at a Time"
S. Smith
Simon Aldred
Fitzmaurice
Napes
3:29
Total length: 49:24
showTarget and Japanese bonus tracks[37][38]
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Length
15. "Leader of the Pack"
S. Smith
Grieve
Duncan Boyce
2:38
16. "Blind Eye"
S. Smith
Francis White
1:48
Total length: 53:50
Notes
^[a] signifies an additional producer
Track 6, "Him", is stylised as "HIM".
Sample credits
"One Last Song" contains samples from "Be a Lion" from The Wiz Original Cast
"Baby, You Make Me Crazy" contains samples from the recording, "Breeze and Soul" as performed by Ed Watson & The Brass Circle
Charts[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (2017)
Peak
position
Australian Albums (ARIA)[39]
2
Austrian Albums (Ö3 Austria)[40]
7
Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders)[41]
1
Belgian Albums (Ultratop Wallonia)[42]
11
Canadian Albums (Billboard)[43]
1
Croatian International Albums (HDU)[44]
3
Czech Albums (ČNS IFPI)[45]
15
Danish Albums (Hitlisten)[46]
1
Dutch Albums (MegaCharts)[47]
1
Finnish Albums (Suomen virallinen lista)[48]
10
French Albums (SNEP)[49]
15
German Albums (Offizielle Top 100)[50]
8
Greek Albums (IFPI)[51]
8
Irish Albums (IRMA)[52]
1
Italian Albums (FIMI)[53]
4
Japanese Albums (Billboard Japan)[54]
23
Japanese Albums (Oricon)[55]
32
New Zealand Albums (RMNZ)[56]
1
Norwegian Albums (VG-lista)[57]
1
Polish Albums (ZPAV)[58]
10
Portuguese Albums (AFP)[59]
3
Scottish Albums (OCC)[33]
1
Spanish Albums (PROMUSICAE)[60]
12
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)[61]
1
Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade)[62]
3
UK Albums (OCC)[63]
1
US Billboard 200[64]
1
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (2017)
Position
Australian Albums (ARIA)[65]
19
Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders)[66]
51
Belgian Albums (Ultratop Wallonia)[67]
138
Danish Albums (Hitlisten)[68]
43
Dutch Albums (MegaCharts)[69]
48
French Albums (SNEP)[70]
119
Italian Albums (FIMI)[71]
89
New Zealand Albums (RMNZ)[72]
27
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)[73]
41
Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade)[74]
87
UK Albums (OCC)[75]
3
US Billboard 200[76]
153
Certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
Australia (ARIA)[77]
Platinum 70,000^
Austria (IFPI Austria)[78]
Gold 7,500*
Canada (Music Canada)[79]
Gold 40,000^
Denmark (IFPI Denmark)[80]
Platinum 20,000^
France (SNEP)[81]
Gold 50,000*
Italy (FIMI)[82]
Gold 25,000*
Mexico (AMPROFON)[83][better source needed]
Gold 30,000^
Netherlands (NVPI)[84]
Platinum 50,000^
New Zealand (RMNZ)[85]
Platinum 15,000^
Norway (IFPI Norway)[86]
Platinum 30,000*
Sweden (GLF)[87]
Gold 20,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)[88]
2× Platinum 600,000^
*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
Release history[edit]
Region
Date
Format(s)
Label
Ref.
Various
3 November 2017
CD
digital download
streaming
Capitol [89]
Tour[edit]
Within releasing "Pray" as the promotional single on 6 October 2017, The Thrill of It All Tour was announced firstly revealing shows in Europe and North America. It began on 20 March 2018 in Sheffield, England, and it is set to conclude on 20 November 2018 in Perth, Australia.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Smith, Sam [@samsmithworld] (27 March 2018). "My new single is PRAY feat. @Logic301 I am so excited for you to hear this new version of one of my favourite tracks on the album. It was an absolute pleasure to collaborate with Logic to create this, such an incredible artist x Released Thursday" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
^ Jump up to: a b "SAM SMITH "Baby, You Make Me Crazy" - (Radio Date: 29/06/2018)". radiodate.it. Retrieved 2 July 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c Nick Duerden (6 October 2017). "Sam Smith on His Recent Struggles, Triumphant Return and Having His Eyes Opened in Iraq". Billboard. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Rob Copsey (6 October 2017). "Sam Smith will release his new album The Thrill Of It All on November 3". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Twitter". Twitter. Retrieved 29 October 2017.
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Jump up ^ "BBC - Radio 1 - Playlist". BBC Radio 1. Retrieved 3 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Lewis Corner (3 November 2017). "Listen to Sam Smith's new single One Last Song, and new album The Thrill Of It All". Gay Times. Retrieved 3 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Smith, Sam [@samsmithworld] (27 March 2018). "My new single is PRAY feat. @Logic301 I am so excited for you to hear this new version of one of my favourite tracks on the album. It was an absolute pleasure to collaborate with Logic to create this, such an incredible artist x Released Thursday" (Tweet). Retrieved 28 March 2018 – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ "Sam Smith – Pray (Official Audio)". YouTube. 6 October 2017. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
Jump up ^ Luke Morgan Britton (3 November 2017). "Sam Smith shares new single 'Burning', his "favourite" song from his new album". NME. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
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^ Jump up to: a b "Critic Reviews for The Thrill of It All - Metacritic". Metacritic. Retrieved 15 November 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Andy Kellman (3 November 2017). "AllMusic Review by Andy Kellman". AllMusic. Retrieved 11 November 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Neil McCormick (3 November 2017). "Sam Smith, The Thrill of It All, review: forget the soggy lyrics, stay for the supernatural vocals". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 7 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Eric Renner Brown (2 November 2017). "Sam Smith's unadventurous The Thrill of It All doesn't live up to its name". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 10 November 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Alexis Petridis (2 November 2017). "Sam Smith: The Thrill of It All review – sanitised soul meets genuine despair". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 November 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Andy Gill (1 November 2017). "Album reviews: Sam Smith – The Thrill of It All, Stereophonics – Scream Above the Sounds, Maroon 5 – Red Pill Blues". The Independent. Retrieved 7 November 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Nick Levine (3 November 2017). "Sam Smith – 'The Thrill of It All' Review". NME. Retrieved 7 November 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Kitty Empire (2 November 2017). "Sam Smith: The Thrill of It All review – moping by numbers". The Observer. Retrieved 11 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Jamieson Cox (7 November 2017). "The Thrill of It All". Pitchfork. Retrieved 7 November 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Will Hermes (2 November 2017). "Review: Sam Smith Makes His Lonely Hours Feel Universal on a Great LP". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 7 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Josh Hurst (31 October 2017). "Sam Smith: The Thrill of It All –Album Review". Slant Magazine. Retrieved 10 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Rolling Stone Staff (27 November 2017). "50 Best Albums of 2017". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Rob Copsey (10 November 2017). "Sam Smith's The Thrill Of It All debuts at Number 1 on the Official Albums Chart: "This is a dream come true"". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 10 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Alan Jones (10 November 2017). "Official Charts Analysis: Sam Smith debuts at No.1 just short of 100,000 sales". Music Week. Retrieved 12 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Copsey, Rob (17 November 2017). "Taylor Swift claims her third Number 1 in the UK". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 17 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Alan Jones (17 November 2017). "Charts Analysis: Taylor Swift's Reputation soars to chart summit". Music Week. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Myers, Justin (8 December 2017). "Sam Smith's The Thrill of it All reclaims Number 1 album". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
Jump up ^ Copsey, Rob (15 December 2017). "Ed Sheeran scores the rare Official Chart double as Perfect and Divide claim Number 1". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "P!nk's Beautiful Trauma holds #1 for fourth week". Australian Recording Industry Association. 11 November 2017. Retrieved 11 November 2017.
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^ Jump up to: a b "Official Scottish Albums Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 11 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Caulfield, Keith (12 November 2017). "Sam Smith's 'The Thrill of It All' Debuts at No. 1 on Billboard 200 Albums Chart". Billboard. Retrieved 12 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Caulfield, Keith (20 November 2017). "Taylor Swift's 'Reputation' Debuts at No. 1 on Billboard 200 Albums Chart". Billboard. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Christmas Albums Hot On The Chart, And So Is Sam Smith". FYIMusicNews. 12 November 2017. Retrieved 13 November 2017.
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Jump up ^ "Classifiche annuali dei dischi più venduti e dei singoli più scaricati nel 2017" (Click on "Scarica allegato" and open the "Classifica annuale 2017 Album combined" file) (in Italian). FIMI. Retrieved 9 January 2018.
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Jump up ^ White, Jack (3 January 2018). "The Top 40 biggest albums of 2017 on the Official Chart". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 3 January 2018.
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Jump up ^ "Austrian album certifications – Sam Smith – The Thrill of It All" (in German). IFPI Austria. Retrieved 4 January 2018. Enter Sam Smith in the field Interpret. Enter The Thrill of It All in the field Titel. Select album in the field Format. Click Suchen
Jump up ^ "Canadian album certifications – Sam Smith – The Thrill of It All". Music Canada. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Sam Smith "The Thrill of It All"". IFPI Denmark. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
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Jump up ^ "Italian album certifications – Sam Smith – The Thrill of It All" (in Italian). Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
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Jump up ^ "Dutch album certifications – Sam Smith – The Thrill of It All" (in Dutch). Nederlandse Vereniging van Producenten en Importeurs van beeld- en geluidsdragers. Retrieved 9 June 2018. Enter The Thrill of It All in the "Artiest of titel" box.
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Jump up ^ "Norwegian album certifications" (in Norwegian). IFPI Norway. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "Guld- och Platinacertifikat" (in Swedish). IFPI Sweden. Retrieved 26 April 2018. Type ' in the top right search bar. Click on "Sok" and select ' and see certification.
Jump up ^ "British album certifications – Sam Smith – The Thrill of It All". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved 23 March 2018. Select albums in the Format field. Select Platinum in the Certification field. Enter The Thrill of It All in the search field and then press Enter.
Jump up ^ "Sam Smith – The Thrill of It All – Amazon.com Music". Amazon.com. ASIN B0754BBDF1. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
show
v
t
e
Sam Smith
Discography
Awards and nominations
Studio albums
In the Lonely Hour
The Thrill of It All
Remix albums
The Lost Tapes – Remixed
Extended plays
Nirvana
Singles
"Bad Day All Week"
"When It's Alright"
"Lay Me Down"
"Money on My Mind"
"Stay with Me"
"I'm Not the Only One"
"Like I Can"
"Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas"
"Writing's on the Wall"
"Too Good at Goodbyes"
"Pray"
"Burning"
"One Last Song"
Featured singles
"Latch"
"La La La"
"Moments"
"Omen"
Other songs
"Safe with Me"
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Thrill_of_It_All_(Sam_Smith_album)&oldid=854716672#Tour"
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Jack-o'-lantern
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see Jack-o'-lantern (disambiguation).
A traditional jack-o'-lantern, made from a pumpkin, lit from within by a candle.
A jack-o'-lantern in the shape of the Wikipedia logo.
A jack-o'-lantern (or jack o'lantern) is a carved pumpkin or turnip lantern, associated with the holiday of Halloween and named after the phenomenon of a strange light flickering over peat bogs, called will-o'-the-wisp or jack-o'-lantern. In a jack-o'-lantern, the top of the pumpkin or turnip is cut off to form a lid, the inside flesh is scooped out, and an image — usually a monstrous or comical face – is carved out of the rind to expose the hollow interior. To create the lantern effect, a light source is placed within before the lid is closed. The light source is traditionally a flame such as a candle or tea light, but artificial jack-'o-lanterns with electric lights are also marketed. It is common to see jack-o'-lanterns on doorsteps and otherwise used as decorations prior to and on Halloween.
Contents
[hide]
1 Etymology
2 History
2.1 Origin
2.2 In North America
2.3 Folklore
3 Pumpkin craft
4 World records
4.1 Most jack-o'-lanterns carved and lit in one place
4.2 World's largest jack-o'-lantern
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Etymology[edit]
An assortment of carved pumpkins.
The term jack-o'-lantern was originally used to describe the visual phenomenon ignis fatuus (lit., "foolish fire") known as a will-o'-the-wisp in English folklore. Used especially in East England, its earliest known use dates to the 1660s.[1] The term "will-o'-the-wisp" uses "wisp" (a bundle of sticks or paper sometimes used as a torch) and the proper name "Will": thus, "Will-of-the-torch." The term jack-o'-lantern is of the same construction: "Jack of [the] lantern."
History[edit]
A traditional Irish Jack-o'-Lantern in the Museum of Country Life, Ireland.
Modern carving of a Cornish Jack-o'-Lantern made from a turnip.
Origin[edit]
The carving of vegetables has been a common practice in many parts of the world, and gourds were one of the earliest plant species domesticated by humans c. 10,000 years ago.[2] For example, gourds were used to carve lanterns by the Maori over 700 years ago;[3] the Māori word for a gourd also describes a lampshade.[4]
It is believed that the custom of making jack-o'-lanterns at Halloween began in Ireland.[5][6][7] In the 19th century, "turnips or mangel wurzels, hollowed out to act as lanterns and often carved with grotesque faces," were used at Halloween in parts of Ireland and the Scottish Highlands.[8] In these Gaelic-speaking regions, Halloween was also the festival of Samhain and was seen as a time when supernatural beings (the Aos Sí), and the souls of the dead, roamed the earth. The belief that the souls of the dead roamed the earth at Halloween was also found in other parts of Europe.[citation needed] Jack-o'-lanterns were also made at Halloween in Somerset (see Punkie Night) during the 19th century.[8]
By those who made them, the lanterns were variously said to represent the spirits or supernatural beings,[8] or were used to ward off evil spirits.[9] For example, sometimes they were used by Halloween guisers to frighten people,[9][10][11] and sometimes they were set on windowsills to keep harmful spirits out of one's home.[10] It has also been suggested that the jack-o'-lanterns originally represented Christian souls in purgatory, as Halloween is the eve of All Saints' Day (1 November)/All Souls' Day (2 November).[12]
At Halloween in 1835, the Dublin Penny Journal carried a lengthy discourse on the legend of "Jack-o'-the-Lantern".[13] In 1837, the Limerick Chronicle refers to a local pub holding a carved gourd competition and presenting a prize to "the best crown of Jack McLantern". The term "McLantern" also appears in an 1841 publication of the same paper.[14]
There is also evidence that turnips were used to carve what was called a "Hoberdy's Lantern" in Worcestershire, England, at the end of the 18th century. The folklorist Jabez Allies recalls:
In my juvenile days I remember to have seen peasant boys make, what they called a "Hoberdy's Lantern," by hollowing out a turnip, and cutting eyes, nose, and mouth therein, in the true moon-like style; and having lighted it up by inserting the stump of a candle, they used to place it upon a hedge to frighten unwary travellers in the night.[15]
In North America[edit]
Adaptations of Washington Irving's short story "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" (1820) often depict the Headless Horseman with a pumpkin or jack-o'-lantern in place of his severed head. (In the original story, a shattered pumpkin is discovered next to Ichabod Crane's abandoned hat on the morning after Crane's supposed encounter with the Horseman.)
The application of the term to carved pumpkins in American English is first attested in 1834.[16] The carved pumpkin lantern's association with Halloween is recorded in the 1 November 1866 edition of the Daily News (Kingston, Ontario):
The old time custom of keeping up Hallowe'en was not forgotten last night by the youngsters of the city. They had their maskings and their merry-makings, and perambulated the streets after dark in a way which was no doubt amusing to themselves. There was a great sacrifice of pumpkins from which to make transparent heads and face, lighted up by the unfailing two inches of tallow candle.[17]
James Fenimore Cooper wrote a nautical novel titled The Jack O'lantern (le Feu-Follet), Or the Privateer (1842). The Jack O'lantern was the name of the ship.[18]
The poet John Greenleaf Whittier, who was born in Massachusetts in 1807, wrote the poem "The Pumpkin" (1850):[19]
Oh!—fruit loved of boyhood!—the old days recalling,
When wood-grapes were purpling and brown nuts were falling!
When wild, ugly faces we carved in its skin,
Glaring out through the dark with a candle within!
Agnes Carr Sage, in the article, Halloween Sports and Customs" (Harper's Young People (1885):[20]
It is an ancient British custom to light great bonfires (Bone-fire to clear before Winter froze the ground) on Hallowe'en, and carry blazing fagots about on long poles; but in place of this, American boys delight in the funny grinning jack-o'-lanterns made of huge yellow pumpkins with a candle inside.
In the United States, the carved pumpkin was first associated with the harvest season in general, long before it became an emblem of Halloween.[21] In 1900, an article on Thanksgiving entertaining recommended a lit jack-o'-lantern as part of the festivities.[21][22]
Folklore[edit]
A commercial "R.I.P." pattern.
Halloween jack-o'-lantern.
Pumpkin projected onto the wall.
The story of the jack-o'-lantern comes in many variants and is similar to the story of Will-o'-the-wisp[23] retold in different forms across Western Europe,[24] with variations being present in the folklore of Scotland, England, Wales, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Norway, Spain and Sweden.[25] In Switzerland, children will leave bowls of milk or cream out for mythical house spirits called Jack o' the bowl.[26] An old Irish folk tale from the mid-19th Century tells of Stingy Jack, a lazy yet shrewd blacksmith who uses a cross to trap Satan. One story says that Jack tricked Satan into climbing an apple tree, and once he was up there, Jack quickly placed crosses around the trunk or carved a cross into the bark, so that Satan couldn't get down.[27]
Another version[citation needed] of the story says that Jack was getting chased by some villagers from whom he had stolen, when he met Satan, who claimed it was time for him to die. However, the thief stalled his death by tempting Satan with a chance to bedevil the church-going villagers chasing him. Jack told Satan to turn into a coin with which he would pay for the stolen goods (Satan could take on any shape he wanted); later, when the coin (Satan) disappeared, the Christian villagers would fight over who had stolen it. The Devil agreed to this plan. He turned himself into a silver coin and jumped into Jack's wallet, only to find himself next to a cross Jack had also picked up in the village. Jack had closed the wallet tight, and the cross stripped the Devil of his powers; and so he was trapped.
In both folktales, Jack lets Satan go only after he agrees to never take his soul. Many years later, the thief died, as all living things do. Of course, Jack's life had been too sinful for him to go to heaven; however, Satan had promised not to take his soul, and so he was barred from hell as well. Jack now had nowhere to go. He asked how he would see where to go, as he had no light, and Satan mockingly tossed him an ember from the flames of Hades, that would never burn out. Jack carved out one of his turnips (which were his favorite food), put the ember inside it, and began endlessly wandering the Earth for a resting place. He became known as "Jack of the Lantern", or jack-o'-lantern.
Cornish folklorist Dr. Thomas Quiller Couch (d. 1884) recorded the use of the term in a rhyme used in Polperro, Cornwall, in conjunction with Joan the Wad, the Cornish version of Will-o'-the-wisp. The people of Polperro regarded them both as pixies. The rhyme goes:[28]
Jack o' the lantern! Joan the wad,
Who tickled the maid and made her mad
Light me home, the weather's bad.
Jack-o-lanterns were also a way of protecting one's home against the undead. Superstitious people[where?] used them specifically to ward away vampires. They thought this because it was said that the jack-o-lantern's light was a way of identifying vampires who, once their identity was known, would give up their hunt for you.[citation needed]
Pumpkin craft[edit]
A jack-o'-lantern
Sections of the pumpkin or turnip are cut out to make holes, often depicting a face, which may be either cheerful, scary, or comical.[29] More complex carvings (or paintings on the gourds) are becoming more common such as: figures, logos, and symbols. A variety of tools can be used to carve and hollow out the gourd, ranging from simple knives and spoons to specialized instruments, typically sold in holiday sections of North American grocery stores. Printed stencils can be used as a guide for increasingly complex designs. After carving, a light source (such as a flame candle, electric candle, or tea light) is placed inside the gourd, and the top is put back into place. The light is normally inserted to illuminate the design from the inside and add an extra measure of spookiness. Sometimes a chimney is carved, too. It is possible to create surprisingly artistic designs, either simple or intricate in nature.
Play media
Picking out and carving pumpkins for Halloween
A Halloween cake topped with a jack-o'-lantern
Pumpkin craft for Halloween, using a commercial carving pattern
World records[edit]
Most jack-o'-lanterns carved and lit in one place[edit]
For a long time, Keene, New Hampshire, held the world record for most jack-o'-lanterns carved and lit in one place. The Life is good company teamed up with Camp Sunshine, a camp for children with life-threatening illnesses and their families, to break the record; a record was set on October 21, 2006, when 30,128 jack-o'-lanterns were simultaneously lit on Boston Common.[30] Highwood, Illinois, tried to set the record on October 31, 2011, with an unofficial count of 30,919 but did not follow the Guinness regulations, so the achievement did not count.[31]
On October 19, 2013, Keene, New Hampshire, broke the Boston record and reclaimed the world record for most lit jack-o'-lanterns on display (30,581). Keene has now broken the record eight times since the original attempt.[32]
World's largest jack-o'-lantern[edit]
On October 31, 2005, Scott Cully carved the world's largest jack-o'-lantern from the world's-largest pumpkin (at the time), in Northern Cambria, Pennsylvania. The pumpkin was grown by Larry Checkon and weighed 1,469 lb (666.33 kg) on October 1, 2005, at the Pennsylvania Giant Pumpkin Growers Association Weigh-off.[33]
See also[edit]
Cuco
The Great Pumpkin
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Harper, Douglas. "Jack o'lantern (n.)". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 9 May 2013.
Jump up ^ Paris, H.S. (1989). "Historical records, origins, and development of the edible cultivar groups of Cucurbita pepo (Cucurbitaceae)". Economic Botany. 43 (4): 423–443. doi:10.1007/bf02935916.
Jump up ^ "Te Ao Hou". The Maori Magazine. National Library of New Zealand. June 1962. Retrieved October 16, 2013.
Jump up ^ Buse, Jasper; Raututi Taringa (1995). Cook Islands Maori Dictionary. p. 537.
Jump up ^ The Oxford Companion to American Food and Drink. Oxford University Press. 2007. p. 269. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Pumpkins Passions". BBC. October 31, 2005. Retrieved October 19, 2006. They continue to be popular choices today as carved lanterns in Northern England, Scotland, and Northern Ireland; the British purchased a million pumpkins for Halloween in 2004."
Jump up ^ "Turnip battles with pumpkin for Hallowe'en". BBC. October 28, 2005. Retrieved September 23, 2007.
^ Jump up to: a b c Hutton, Ronald (1996). The Stations of the Sun: A History of the Ritual Year in Britain. Oxford University Press. pp. 382–383.
^ Jump up to: a b Palmer, Kingsley (1973). Oral folk-tales of Wessex. David & Charles. pp. 87–88.
^ Jump up to: a b Arnold, Bettina (2001-10-31). "Bettina Arnold – Halloween Lecture: Halloween Customs in the Celtic World". Halloween Inaugural Celebration. University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee: Center for Celtic Studies. Archived from the original on 2011-06-24. Retrieved 2007-10-16.
Jump up ^ Wilson, David Scofield (1999). Rooted in America: Foodlore of Popular Fruits and Vegetables. University of Tennessee Press. p. 154.
Jump up ^ Rogers, Nicholas (2003). Halloween: From Pagan Ritual to Party Night. Oxford University Press. p. 57.
Jump up ^ "History of Jack-o'-the-Lantern". Dublin Penny Journal. 3–4: 229, 1835.
Jump up ^ "Jack-o'-Lantern History". History.com.
Jump up ^ Allies, Jabez (1856). The British, Roman, and Saxon antiquities and folklore of Worcestershire. London: J.R. Smith. p. 423.
Jump up ^ "Jack-o'-lantern". Oxford English Dictionary. The earliest citation is from 1663.
Jump up ^ "Carved pumpkin". Daily News. Kingston, Ontario. November 1, 1866.
Jump up ^ "Review of Cooper's 'Jack O'Lantern'". The Spectator. December 3, 1842.
Jump up ^ Whittier, John Greenleaf (1885). "The Pumpkin". Poets.org.
Jump up ^ Sage, Agnes Carr (October 27, 1885). "Halloween Sports and Customs". Harper's Young People. p. 828.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Day We Celebrate: Thanksgiving Treated Gastronomically and Socially". The New York Times. November 24, 1895. p. 27.
Jump up ^ "Odd Ornaments for Table". The New York Times. October 21, 1900. p. 12.
Jump up ^ Santino, Jack (1995). All Around the Year: Holidays and Celebrations in American Life. University of Illinois Press. p. 157.
Jump up ^ Allies, Jabez (1856). The British, Roman, and Saxon antiquities and folklore of Worcestershire. London: J.R. Smith. p. 430.
Jump up ^ Newell, William Wells (1 January 1904). "The Ignis Fatuus, Its Character and Legendary Origin". Journal of American Folk-Lore. 17.
Jump up ^ http://www.bartleby.com/81/9071.html
Jump up ^ Mark Hoerrner (2006). "History of the Jack-O-Lantern". buzzle.com. Retrieved 2007-05-09.
Jump up ^ Simpson, Jacqueline; Roud, Steve (2000). A Dictionary of English Folklore. Oxford University Press.
Jump up ^ Poe, R.H.; Hart, R.M.; Foster, K.; Noyes, L. (1990). You Can Carve Fantastic Jack-O-Lanterns. Storey Communications. ISBN 978-0-88266-580-1.
Jump up ^ Levenson, Michael & McCabe, Kathy (October 22, 2006). "A Love in Common for Pumpkins". The Boston Globe. p. B6. CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
Jump up ^ "Highwood sets pumpkin-carving record — Highland Park News". Highlandpark.suntimes.com. Archived from the original on 2013-02-24. Retrieved 2012-10-30. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
Jump up ^ "Most Lit Jack-o'-lanterns Displayed". Guinness World Records.
Jump up ^ "Largest Jack O'Lantern". Guinness World Records 2009. Archived from the original on 2011-05-18. Retrieved October 10, 2009.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
Jack-o'-lantern (category)
Look up jack-o'-lantern in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
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The Little Red Hen
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Little Red Hen, 1918 title page
Golden Book version book cover
The Little Red Hen, illustrated by Florence White Williams
The Little Red Hen is an old folk tale of the fable type, most likely of Russian origin.[citation needed] The story is applied in teaching children the virtues of work ethic and personal initiative.
Contents
[hide]
1 Role in reading instruction
2 Plot
3 In popular culture
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Role in reading instruction[edit]
During the 1880s, reading instruction in the United States continued to evolve to include primers that became known as literature readers. Prior to this time highly moralistic and religious texts were used to teach literacy. The Little Red Hen offers a moralistic tale of the importance of hard work and the shame, as well as consequences of laziness. During this time, consideration of the interest of the young reader became more central to the teaching of reading. In considering the young reader, the authors of this genre made their texts appealing visually both through illustrations and text formatting. "Margaret Free and Harriette Taylor Treadwell were the first authors to prepare beginning readers with a content consisting wholly of adaptations from the old folktales." (Smith, 1965/2002, p. 141). The genre of the folktale lent itself to repetitive vocabulary – an early reading strategy still in use today.[citation needed]
Plot[edit]
In the tale, the little red hen finds a grain of wheat and asks for help from the other farmyard animals (most adaptations feature three animals, a pig, a cat, and a rat, duck, goose, dog, or goat[1]) to plant it, but they all refuse.
At each later stage (harvest, threshing, milling the wheat into flour, and baking the flour into bread), the hen again asks for help from the other animals, but again she doesn't receive any help.
Finally, the hen has completed her task and asks who will help her eat the bread. This time, all the previous non-participants eagerly volunteer, but she disagrees with them, stating that no one helped her with her work. Thus, the hen eats it with her chicks, leaving none for anyone else.
The moral of this story is that those who make no contribution to producing a product do not deserve to enjoy the product: "if any would not work, neither should he or she eat."[2]
In popular culture[edit]
A Disney-produced Silly Symphony called The Wise Little Hen uses this tale as its basis. This version features Peter Pig and Donald Duck (in his debut), instead of the cat and the frog from the folk version, as the ones who decline to participate in the preparation of the bread.
Politically-themed revisions of the story include a conservative version, based on a Ronald Reagan monologue from 1976.[3] The farmer claims that the hen is being unfair if she does not share her bread with the other animals and forces her to share her bread with those who would not work for it. This in turn removes the hen's incentive to work resulting in poverty for the entire barnyard.[4] An alternate version reimagines the tale as a satire on capitalism, with the hen promising slices of bread in return for work, but keeping the largest share for herself despite doing none of the work.[5] Malvina Reynolds gave a twist to the story by making it a pro-work, anti-shirk socialist anthem, with the worker hen retaining all the fruits of her labor: "And that's why they called her Red."[6]
The Little Red Hen was featured in episode 14 of the animated series Super Why! In the book, the animals who decline to help the Little Red Hen make corn bread are a dog, a cat, and a duck. Super Why changes the ending by having the three animals help the Little Red Hen bake the corn bread for her chicks and later joining her in eating the corn bread.
Jerry Pinkney's retelling in picture-book form The Little Red Hen was published in 2006.
See also[edit]
The Ant and the Grasshopper, Aesop's fable with a similar moral
References[edit]
Jump up ^ (Versions by Frederick Richardson, Golden Book, Jerry Pinckney, Margot Zemach, Florence White Williams)
Jump up ^ "2 Thessalonians 3:10 For even when we were with you, we gave you this rule: "The one who is unwilling to work shall not eat."". bible.cc.
Jump up ^ "Reaganreview.com". reaganreview.com. Archived from the original on February 11, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Little Red Hen ~ The Political Spin ~ Quite Amusing!!!". Sodahead.com. Retrieved 2011-12-31.
Jump up ^ "Little Red Hen", Kingdom Watcher
Jump up ^ "The Little Red Hen".
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to The Little Red Hen.
The Little Red Hen: An Old English Folk Tale (HTML version), Retold and Illustrated by Florence White Williams, Saalfield Publishing Company, 1918, available from Project Gutenberg
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Little_Red_Hen&oldid=842222480"
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