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Renunciation of citizenship
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Renunciation is the voluntary act of relinquishing one's citizenship or nationality. It is the opposite of naturalization–whereby a person voluntarily acquires a citizenship, and is distinct from denaturalization–where the loss of citizenship is forced by a state.
Contents
1 Historic practices
2 In modern law
3 Renunciation law in specific countries
3.1 Nigeria
3.2 Singapore
3.3 United States
3.3.1 Overview
3.3.2 Certificate of Loss of Nationality
3.3.3 Statelessness
3.3.4 Renunciation fee
3.3.5 Taxation
4 References
Historic practices[edit]
The common law doctrine of perpetual allegiance denied an individual the right to renounce obligations to his sovereign. The bonds of subjecthood were conceived in principle to be both singular and immutable. These practices held on in varying ways until the late 19th century.[1][2]
The refusal of many states to recognize expatriation became problematic for the United States, which had a large immigrant population. The War of 1812 was caused partly by Britain's impressment of U.S. citizens born in the UK into the British Royal Navy. Immigrants to the U.S. were sometimes held to the obligations of their foreign citizenship when they visited their home countries. In response, the U.S. government passed the Expatriation Act of 1868 and concluded various treaties, the Bancroft Treaties, recognizing the right to renounce one's citizenship.[3][4]
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights lists both the right to leave any country, including one's own (Article 13(2)) and the right to change one's nationality (Article 15(2)), which implicitly recognizes the right to renounce citizenship.[citation needed]
In modern law[edit]
Renunciation of citizenship is particularly relevant in cases of multiple citizenship, given that additional citizenships may be acquired automatically and may be undesirable. Many countries have pragmatic policies that recognize the often arbitrary nature of citizenship claims of other countries and negative consequences, such as loss of security clearance, can mostly be expected only for actively exercising foreign citizenship, for instance by obtaining a foreign passport. People from some countries renounce their citizenship to avoid compulsory military service. However, some people may wish to be free even of the purely theoretical obligations and appearance of dual loyalty that another citizenship implies. Even in countries that allow dual citizenship, such as Australia, Jamaica and Pakistan, electoral laws demand that politicians not be under an obligation of allegiance to any foreign country, and so when politicians have been found to be violating such laws, they stepped down and renounced their other citizenships in response to the public controversy.[5][6][7] Another example may be political refugees who would wish to renounce allegiance to the country from which they escaped.[citation needed]
Renunciation law in specific countries[edit]
Each country sets its own policies for formal renunciation of citizenship. There is a common concern that individuals about to relinquish their citizenship do not become a stateless person and many countries require evidence of another citizenship or an official promise to grant citizenship before they release that person from citizenship. Some countries may not allow or do not recognize renunciation of citizenship or establish administrative procedures that are essentially impossible to complete.[example needed]
Mexico requires renunciation of all other citizenships as a condition of naturalization.[8]
Israel allows dual citizenship upon naturalization through the Law of Return, but Knesset (Israeli parliament) members are required to renounce all foreign citizenships.[9][10]
Renunciation of citizenship is most straightforward in those countries which recognize and strictly enforce a single citizenship. Thus, voluntary naturalization in another country is considered as "giving up" of one's previous citizenship or implicit renunciation. For practical reasons, such an automatic renunciation cannot officially take place until the authorities of the original country are informed about the naturalization. In Japan, a formal report is required from the renouncing person to be submitted at an embassy. Germany actively investigates whether its citizens living abroad have naturalized there when they apply for a passport; for instance in Canada, German passport applicants have to submit a search of citizenship record.[11] Canada and Australia are signatories to the United Nations Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness, and renunciation is possible only if it will not result in statelessness.[12][13] Applications for renunciation of citizenship need to be submitted in those countries with a waiting time of several months until approval.
Nigeria[edit]
The right to renounce Nigerian citizenship is established in § 29 of the 1999 Constitution of Nigeria, which states that "any citizen of Nigeria of full age who wishes to renounce his/her Nigerian citizenship shall make a declaration in the prescribed manner for the renunciation", which the government is obliged to register except when Nigeria is physically involved in a war or when the President of Nigeria is of the opinion that the renunciation is contrary to public policy. Under § 29(4)(a), a person of either gender becomes "of full age" at eighteen years, while under § 29(4)(b) a girl younger than that is still deemed to be "of full age" if she is married.[14]
In 2013, the Senate of Nigeria proposed a constitutional amendment to delete § 29(4)(b), which would have the effect that girls could only renounce Nigerian citizenship at the age of eighteen or older regardless of their marital status; the amendment passed by a vote of 75–14, two votes greater than the two-thirds supermajority required for the passage of constitutional amendments. However, after the vote, a point of order was raised against the amendment by Senate Deputy Minority Leader Ahmad Sani Yerima (ANPP-Zamfara), who stated that Schedule 2 of the Constitution prohibited the National Assembly of Nigeria from legislating on any matters relating to customary or Islamic law.[15] Some sources suggested that the amendment would have the effect of outlawing child marriage, a matter of personal concern to Yerima due to his 2009 marriage to an Egyptian girl then only 13 years old. Senate President David Mark was initially disinclined to permit a second vote on the matter, but relented after an argument. Yerima's arguments were sufficient to convince enough erstwhile supporters and non-voters to oppose the amendment; with a vote of 60–35, it was deprived of its supermajority and failed to pass.[16][17]
Singapore[edit]
Citizens of Singapore can only renounce Singaporean citizenship if they have acquired citizenship of another country. At the time of renunciation, renunciants must submit their Singaporean passports and National Registration Identity Cards for cancellation.[18] Male Singaporeans generally cannot renounce citizenship until completing military service, though there are exceptions for those who emigrated at a young age (generally those who were not educated in Singapore).[19] In 2012, a Hong Kong-born man who had acquired Singaporean citizenship by registration while a minor filed a lawsuit regarding this requirement.[20]
About 1,200 Singaporean citizens renounce their citizenship every year, a quarter of them naturalised citizens. Singapore does not permit multiple citizenship for adults.[21] The total number of renunciants from 2001 to 2011 was roughly 10,900. Of these, roughly half were Chinese Singaporeans (who comprise about three-quarters of the population), while the rest were of other ethnicities such as Malay or Indians (who comprise about one-quarter of the population).[22]
United States[edit]
See also: List of former United States citizens who relinquished their nationality
Overview[edit]
A Certificate of Loss of Nationality, issued to a former Citizen of the United States
Although renunciation may be the most commonly used term when referring to loss of U.S. nationality, renunciation is only one of the seven expatriating acts that may be performed voluntarily and with the intent to relinquish U.S. nationality stated in Section 349 of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 (8 U.S.C. § 1481).[23]
United States law requires that an individual appear in person before a consular officer at a U.S. embassy or consulate outside the United States and sign an oath or affirmation that the individual intends to renounce U.S. citizenship. Exceptions to this rule are permitted in times of war and under special circumstances.[24][25] During the expatriation procedure, the individual must complete several documents and demonstrate in an interview with a consular officer that the renunciation is voluntary and intentional. Depending on the embassy or consulate, the individual is often required to appear in person two times and conduct two separate interviews with consular officers over the course of several months.[26]
There were 235 renunciants in 2008,[27] between 731 and 743 in 2009, and about 1485 in 2010;[28][29] In 2011, there were 1781 renunciants.[30] A total of 2,999 Americans renounced their citizenship in 2012-2013;[31] in 2014, 3415 have renounced their USA citizenship or long term residency.[32] The State Department estimates 5986 renunciants and 559 relinquishers during FY2015.[33]
Since 1998, the Federal Bureau of Investigation has also maintained its own list of people who have renounced citizenship under 8 U.S.C. § 1481(a)(5). This is one of the categories of people who are prohibited from purchasing firearms under the Gun Control Act of 1968, and whose names must be entered in the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS) under the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act of 1993.[34][35] The names are not made public, but each month the FBI issues a report on the number of entries added in each category. NICS covers a different population than the Federal Register expatriate list: the former includes only those who renounce U.S. citizenship, while the latter should include those who voluntarily lose citizenship by any means, and possibly certain former permanent residents as well.[36][37]
In fiscal year 2015, the State Department estimated there were 5,986 applications for renunciation of nationality, and forecast an additional 559 citizenship relinquishments. The discrepancy between this total of 6,545 compared to the 4,279 announced by the Treasury Department is speculated to be at least partly due to different counting of long-term green card holders, but no department of the government has released an official explanation.[38]
In 2016, the Treasury Department published 1,151 names of people who expatriated in Q1 FY2016.[39] For all of the year 2016, the published number of renunciants was 5,411, a 26% increase from 4,279 in 2015—a record high.[40]
A summary of the difference between the NICS database of renunciants and the Federal Register of the mentioned renunciants and relinquishers of long-term residence status is summarized below.[41]
Year
NICS
Federal Register
2011 658 1,819
2012 4,385 1,247
2013 3,128 2,414
2014 8,781 2,984
2015* 13,110 5,986
Certificate of Loss of Nationality[edit]
Formal confirmation of the loss of U.S. citizenship is provided by the Certificate of Loss of Nationality (CLN) and is received by the renunciant a number of months later.
As recently as November 2014, individuals renouncing US citizenship waited up to 6 months for the official certificate of renunciation, while many renunciants, particularly those who renounced in consulates not located in the most common European cities such as London and Zurich, were never provided with a CLN and were told that the statement signed at the oath of renunciation is the only form given. Unofficial statements by the US State Department ascribe the problems to the fact that before 2010, the system was not efficiently designed and consular officers often improvised their own procedures based on the rough guidelines in their instructions. Since the passage of FATCA, the large increase in renunciations led the Department of State to re-organize the process so it is clear and follows the same steps in all consulates, although as of 2016, a backlog of several months still exists in many consulates.[42]
Statelessness[edit]
Although many countries require citizenship of another nation before allowing renunciation, the United States does not, and an individual may legally renounce U.S. citizenship and become stateless. Nonetheless, the United States Department of State warns renunciants that, unless they already possess a foreign nationality or are assured of acquiring another nationality shortly after completing their renunciation, they would become stateless and without the protection of any government.[43][44]
In one case, Vincent Cate, an encryption expert living in Anguilla, chose to renounce his US citizenship to avoid the possibility of violating US laws that may have prohibited US citizens from "exporting" encryption software.[45]
Renunciation fee[edit]
Renunciation of U.S. citizenship was free until July 2010, at which time a fee of $450 was established.[46] An increase to $2,350, effective September 12, 2014, was justified as "reflective of the true cost" of processing.[47][48] This followed a fee increase of approximately 220% in 2013.[49] The increase took effect in January 2015.[citation needed][50]
On October 26, 2015 Forbes reported that during 2014, American dual citizens in Canada who were trying to renounce their U.S. citizenship created a backlog at the U.S. Consulate in Toronto.[51]
Taxation[edit]
People giving up U.S. citizenship may be subject to an expatriation tax. Originally, under the Foreign Investors Tax Act of 1966, people determined to be giving up citizenship for the purpose of avoiding U.S. taxation were subject to 10 years of continued taxation on their U.S.-source income, to prevent ex-citizens from taking advantage of special tax incentives offered to foreigners investing in the United States.[52]
In 1996, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act included various changes to the tax treatment of people who give up U.S. citizenship. First, it defined concrete criteria to determine whether an ex-citizen or ex-permanent resident was a "covered expatriate" presumed to have given up U.S. status for tax reasons, based on the person's income and assets, or inability to certify compliance with their tax filing and payment obligations for the past five years (26 U.S.C. § 877(a)(2)). Second, it required the Department of the Treasury to "name and shame" people who give up U.S. citizenship by listing their names in the Quarterly Publication of Individuals Who Have Chosen to Expatriate in the Federal Register (26 U.S.C. § 6039G(d).[53] The list does not appear to contain the names of all people who give up U.S. citizenship. though tax lawyers disagree whether that is because the list is only required to contain "covered expatriates", or due to bureaucratic errors or other reasons. Names of those renouncing in the last months of the year will mostly appear on the list before they have filed IRS form 8854 establishing covered or non-covered status, so it does not seem possible that the list is only required to contain covered expatriates. [54][55][56][57]
Additionally, the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 included a provision, the Reed Amendment (8 U.S.C. § 1182(a)(10)(E)), to bar entry to any individual "who officially renounces United States citizenship and who is determined by the Attorney General to have renounced United States citizenship for the purpose of avoiding taxation by the United States". However, former IRS lawyers, as well as the Department of Homeland Security, have indicated that the provision is unenforceable because there is no authority for the IRS to share tax return information to enforce it.[58][59] DHS stated that they can only enforce the Reed Amendment when former U.S. citizens "affirmatively admit to renouncing their U.S. citizenship for the purpose of avoiding U.S. taxation", and between 2002 and 2015 they denied entry to only two former U.S. citizens on the basis of the amendment.[59]
In 2008, Congress enacted the Heroes Earnings Assistance and Relief Act, which changed the expatriation tax to a one-time mark-to-market worldwide capital gains tax rather than ten years of taxation on U.S.-source income.[60] Effective June 2008, U.S. citizens who renounce their citizenship are subject under certain circumstances to an expatriation tax, which is meant to extract, from the expatriate, taxes that would have been paid had he or she remained a citizen. All property of a covered expatriate is deemed sold for its fair market value on the day before the expatriation date, which usually results in a capital gain, which is taxable income.[61] Eduardo Saverin, a Brazilian-born co-founder of Facebook, renounced his U.S. citizenship just before the company's expected initial public offering. The timing prompted media speculation that the act was motivated by potential U.S. tax obligations.[30]
Since the enactment of the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) of 2010, the numbers of people renouncing US citizenship have broken new records each year, increasing from a few hundred per year before FATCA to 5,411 in 2016. In the first two quarters of 2017 alone, 3,072 people renounced, which exceeds the full year total for 2013.[62][63][64] In 2016, there were about 18 times more renunciations than in 2008, and the 2017 quarter 2 total (1,759) is more than 76 times that of quarter 2 in 2008 (23).[65][66] Renunciants have reported that they feel forced to renounce under duress caused by FATCA but are prevented from saying this when renouncing.[67][not in citation given][68][verification needed]
See also: Taxation of United States persons and Taxation of non resident Americans
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Grace Under Fire
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the American sitcom. For the Hong Kong martial arts drama, see Grace Under Fire (2011 TV series).
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Grace Under Fire
The season 4 characters of Grace Under Fire (from left to right), Floyd, Nadine, Wade, Libby, Grace, Patrick, Quentin, Jean, and Russell.
Created by
Chuck Lorre
Starring
Brett Butler
Dave Thomas
Julie White
Casey Sander
Jon Paul Steuer
Sam Horrigan
Kaitlin Cullum
Dylan and Cole Sprouse
Peggy Rea
Charles Hallahan
Don "D.C." Curry
Lauren Tom
Theme music composer
Michael O'Brien
Opening theme
"Lady Madonna" by Aretha Franklin, first run episodes 1993-1996; "Perfect World" by Michael O'Brien, first run episodes 1996-1998 and all episodes in syndication
Composer(s)
Dennis C. Brown
Mark Hayes
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
5
No. of episodes
112 (list of episodes)
Production
Running time
30 minutes
Production company(s)
Carsey-Werner Productions
Release
Original network
ABC
Original release
September 29, 1993 (1993-09-29) – February 17, 1998 (1998-02-17)
Grace Under Fire is an American sitcom that aired on ABC from September 29, 1993, to February 17, 1998. The show starred Brett Butler[1] as a single mother learning how to cope with raising her three children alone after finally divorcing her abusive husband. The series was created by Chuck Lorre and produced by Carsey-Werner Productions.
Grace Under Fire was the highest rated new comedy of the 1993–94 season.
Contents
[hide]
1 Premise of show
2 Cast
3 Episodes
3.1 Viva Las Vegas
4 Ratings
5 Awards and nominations
6 Controversy and cancellation
7 Syndication
8 Home video release
9 International remakes
10 References
11 External links
Premise of show[edit]
Grace Under Fire, produced by Carsey-Werner International, was part of a wave of shows in the late 1980s and 1990s that were built around a comedian (and in some cases, closely based on his or her comedy routine). As for Carsey-Werner, many of their shows were based on non-traditional, non-nuclear families.[2][3][4]
Grace Under Fire followed a similar formula; set in a small Missouri town,[5] Butler starred as Grace Kelly, a divorced single mother and recovering alcoholic. The show begins after the main character divorces her abusive alcoholic husband of eight years in an attempt to start life anew and prevent her children from making the same mistakes she did. The show revolved around Grace; her children, mischievous Quentin (Noah Segan, pilot; Jon Paul Steuer, seasons 1-3; Sam Horrigan, seasons 4-5), happy-go-lucky Libby (Kaitlin Cullum), and infant Patrick (Dylan and Cole Sprouse); her happily married best friends and neighbors, Nadine and Wade Swoboda (Julie White and Casey Sander); and the town's bachelor pharmacist, Russell Norton (Dave Thomas). All of them helped Grace keep whatever shreds of sanity she had left.
In the first three seasons, the show had a very blue-collar appeal due to Grace's chosen line of work, post-divorce; she operated pipelines at the local oil refinery, and had a second family of fellow crew workers down at the plant. Among them were heavy-set Dougie Boudreau (Walter Olkewicz), friendly Vic (Dave Florek), and Carl (Louis Mandylor). Their gruff boss was Bill Davis (Charles Hallahan). Both Bill and Carl were dropped after the first season; while Carl hadn't a permanent on-screen replacement, the crew's new boss was John Shirley (Paul Dooley) starting in the second season.
Russell's friendship with Grace, and their on-and-off dating rituals, became a running theme in the series. Throughout their friendship they often dated other people; for a time in 1994, Grace dated Ryan Sparks (William Fichtner), a quirky chemist who worked in the oil refinery's labs. In season three, Grace entered into a relationship with suave plant executive Rick Bradshaw (Alan Autry). As with Ryan, the affair between Grace and Rick occurred despite their radically different places in the company ladder. When the fourth season opened, Grace moved on from the oil refinery and took an entry-level position with an ad agency, working her way up to being a white-collar professional. That job only lasted a month, but she then took on similar business work for a construction company owned by D.C. (Don "D.C." Curry). In the final season, Russell found some romantic interest in Dottie (Lauren Tom), a gossiping makeup artist.
Throughout the entire five-year run, Grace's ex-husband Jimmy Kelly (Geoff Pierson) showed up, sometimes causing problems and at others miraculously clean and sober, trying to win Grace back. A reconciliation never quite happened, but the two did settle on a good friendship for the sake of the kids. In the midst of Jimmy's attempts to get straight, his father Emmett (guest star Matt Clark) died. In the aftermath of his death, it was revealed that Emmett was gay. At this time, Jimmy's mother Jean (Peggy Rea), Grace's disapproving and moralizing former mother-in-law, offered to move in and help Grace raise the kids (Rea had previously guest starred as Jean a few times since the series premiered). Russell eventually reconciled with his estranged dad, Floyd (Tom Poston), who ended up moving in with him and working with him in the pharmacy. As far as Grace's own kin and past life went, she had a regular source of support from her sister Faith (Valri Bromfield) in the first two seasons. Another development came when Grace was contacted by her first child, Matthew (guest star Tom Everett Scott), whom she gave up for adoption before meeting Jimmy. Matthew had questions about his ancestry and ended up meeting his biological father.
In early 1998, Grace's old friend Bev Henderson (Julia Duffy) came back to town and ended up moving in with the Kellys. In the intervening years, Bev had become quite successful and wealthy. She briefly moved in with Grace to get in touch with her working-class roots. Grace and Bev's personal reunion was unexpectedly the last major storyline of the series. Although she was joining the cast full-time, Duffy only appeared in two network-aired episodes of Grace Under Fire before the series was abruptly canceled in mid-February.
Cast[edit]
Brett Butler as Grace Kelly
Dave Thomas as Russell Norton
Julie White as Nadine Swoboda (1993–1997)
Casey Sander as Wade Swoboda
Jon Paul Steuer as Quentin Kelly (1993–1996)
Sam Horrigan as Quentin Kelly (1996-1998)
Kaitlin Cullum as Elizabeth Louise "Libby" Kelly
Dylan and Cole Sprouse as Patrick Kelly
Walter Olkewicz as Dougie Boudreau (1993–1996)
Dave Florek as Vic (1993–1996)
Louis Mandylor as Carl (1993–1994)
Charles Hallahan as Bill Davis (1993–1994)
Valri Bromfield as Faith Burdette (1993–1995)
William Fichtner as Ryan Sparks (1994)
Paul Dooley as John Shirley (1994–1996)
Peggy Rea as Jean Kelly (1995–1998)
Tom Poston as Floyd Norton (1995–1998)
Alan Autry as Rick Bradshaw (1995–1996)
Don "D.C." Curry as D.C. (1997–1998)
Lauren Tom as Dot (1997–1998)
Julia Duffy as Bev Henderson (1998)
Episodes[edit]
Main article: List of Grace Under Fire episodes
Viva Las Vegas[edit]
See also: Coach (TV series) § Viva Las Vegas, The Drew Carey Show § Viva Las Vegas, and Ellen (TV series) § Viva Las Vegas
The episode "Vega$" is part of a crossover with Coach, The Drew Carey Show and Ellen set in Las Vegas. It features Drew Carey as Drew Carey, Joely Fisher as Paige Clark, Jeremy Piven as Spence Kovak and Jerry Van Dyke as Luther Van Damme.
Ratings[edit]
The show was the highest rated new show in its first season. In the month before Grace Under Fire first aired, Showtime broadcast the Carsey Werner-produced Brett Butler Special, a half-hour comedy performance by Butler.
1993–1994: #5 (17.9 rating)
1994–1995: #4 (18.8 rating)
1995–1996: #13 (13.2 rating)
1996–1997: #45 (tie) (9.1 rating)
1997–1998: #68 (tie)
Awards and nominations[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Grace Under Fire was nominated for three Golden Globe awards: Best Performance by an Actress in a TV Series Comedy/Musical in 1995 and 1997 and Best TV Series Comedy/Musical in 1995.
Jean Stapleton was nominated for the 1995 Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy series Emmy Award for playing Aunt Vivian in the episode "The Road to Paris Texas." Diane Ladd was nominated for the same award the previous year for playing Louise Burdett in the episode entitled "Things Left Undone" written by Brett Butler and Wayne Lemon.
Controversy and cancellation[edit]
As the third season concluded in the spring of 1996, Jon Paul Steuer left the series. Sources have speculated that Steuer's mother pulled him out of the show after an incident with Butler, who allegedly flashed her breasts at the 12-year-old actor.[6] At the start of Season 4, Sam Horrigan became the third actor to play Quentin Kelly, and with him in the role, the character's age advanced to 16.
In the fourth and fifth seasons of the show, Butler was fighting a painkiller addiction, for which she eventually sought medical help. Cast member Julie White left the show after Season 4, also citing Butler's behavior as the reason.[7] The show, which had been a Top 20 series for its first three seasons, began to take a significant drop in the ratings during season four, from 13th place to 45th.[citation needed]
Butler's first round of treatment and rehab delayed the start of the 1997–98 season until November. After Grace Under Fire resumed production on season five, a newly clean Butler struggled to stay that way; the morale on the set was little better than in the previous season, due to the star's erratic behavior. Around the holidays, Butler relapsed again, and although the producers were as committed as ever to continuing the show, ABC was becoming concerned about Butler's overall health, and was less patient with her accelerated amount of missed tapings.
The show's ratings continued to fall dramatically, which may have well been attributed to Butler's reputation in the press, the longer-than-usual hiatus the series took between seasons four and five, and the fact that the character of Grace Kelly no longer went through the kinds of struggles that had made the show successful earlier on. The addition of Julia Duffy several episodes into the fifth season was a last-ditch attempt to improve the ratings, but with Butler in her current state, the network was not inspired to continue on. Rather abruptly, with the February 17, 1998 telecast, ABC canceled the series.[8][9] The three-month-long final season averaged at #68 in the 1997-98 Nielsen ratings.
Syndication[edit]
The series aired in syndication on the Oxygen Network in the United States, and TVtropolis in Canada. In the United Kingdom, the series was picked up by BBC2 where it aired from 1994 to 1999.[10] The show was added to Hulu on March 1, 2014. The series is currently running on the Laff digital broadcast network that went on the air on April 15, 2015.
Home video release[edit]
On May 4, 2015, it was announced that Visual Entertainment (VEI) had acquired the rights to the series in Region 1.[11]
It was subsequently announced that they will release Grace Under Fire: Complete Collection on DVD on October 6, 2015.[12][13]
International remakes[edit]
The show was remade in Russia as Lyuba, Children and the Factory in 2005.[14] A Polish adaptation, Hela w opałach (Hela Under Fire; Hela is short form from Helen), aired on TVN in September 2006.
Also there is another Russian adaptation as Ольга (Olga).[15] The show premiered on TNT on September 5, 2016.[16]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ De Vries, Hilary (September 18, 1994). "Funny Lady, Tv Diva". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved September 3, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Carsey, Marcy". Museum.tv. Archived from the original on December 4, 2002. Retrieved 2013-09-04.
Jump up ^ Watson, Bret (June 30, 1995). "Nyet-Work Television". Entertainment Weekly.
Jump up ^ Schwarzbaum, Lisa (October 7, 1994). "Brett Butler: More Power To Her". Entertainment Weekly.
Jump up ^ Diane K. Shah (1 October 1995). "Grace under pressure. (Brett Butler, star of the hit TV sitcom 'Grace Under Fire')". Playboy via Highbeam. Retrieved 23 December 2013. In chronicling the life of Grace Kelly, a divorced mother of three living in a small Missouri town, it has given sitcom humor a new twist.
Jump up ^ Flint, Joe (1997-09-12). "Sad Fall From 'Grace'". EW.com. Retrieved 2013-09-04.
Jump up ^ "Grace Under Fire | A Television Heaven Review". Televisionheaven.co.uk. Archived from the original on October 15, 2012. Retrieved September 4, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Brett Butler's Problems Halt `Grace Under Fire'". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved November 9, 2011.
Jump up ^ Lowry, Brian (February 17, 1998). "Why 'Grace' Tumbled Under Fire". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 3, 2010.
Jump up ^ "BBC - Comedy Guide - Grace Under Fire". Web.archive.org. Archived from the original on 2005-01-28. Retrieved 2013-09-04.
Jump up ^ "Grace Under Fire DVD news: DVD Plans for Grace Under Fire". TVShowsOnDVD.com. 2015-04-05. Retrieved 2016-02-23.
Jump up ^ "Grace Under Fire DVD news: Box Art for Grace Under Fire - The Complete Collection". TVShowsOnDVD.com. 2015-07-27. Retrieved 2016-02-23.
Jump up ^ "Grace Under Fire DVD news: Release Date and Price for Grace Under Fire - The Complete Collection". TVShowsOnDVD.com. 2015-08-31. Retrieved 2016-02-23.
Jump up ^ Москва Нью-Йорк Лондон. "Кинокомпания Амедиа". Amediafilm.com. Archived from the original on October 3, 2012. Retrieved September 4, 2013.
Jump up ^ ОЛЬГА. Премьера ТНТ 2016!. "GoodStoryMedia". goodstorymedia.com. Retrieved 14 July 2016.
Jump up ^ ОЛЬГА. "Official page on website TNT". olga.tnt-online.ru. Retrieved 5 September 2016.
External links[edit]
Carsey/Werner.net
Grace Under Fire on IMDb
Grace Under Fire at TV.com
Polish version official website (Polish)
Fame, Fire and Surrender: Interview with Brett Butler
[show]
v
t
e
Television series produced or created by Chuck Lorre
Frannie's Turn (1992)
Grace Under Fire (1993–98)
Cybill (1995–98)
Dharma & Greg (1997–2002)
Two and a Half Men (2003–15)
The Big Bang Theory (2007–present)
Mike & Molly (2010–16)
Mom (2013–present)
Disjointed (2017–18)
Young Sheldon (2017–present)
The Kominsky Method (TBA)
[show]
v
t
e
People's Choice Awards for Favorite New TV Comedy
The Love Boat (1978)
Mork & Mindy (1979)
Too Close for Comfort (1981)
Private Benjamin (1982)
Cheers (1983)
Webster (1984)
The Cosby Show (1985)
The Golden Girls (1986)
ALF (1987)
A Different World / My Two Dads (1988)
Roseanne (1989)
Doogie Howser, M.D. (1990)
In Living Color / The Simpsons (1991)
Home Improvement (1992)
Martin (1993)
Frasier / Grace Under Fire (1994)
Ellen / Friends (1995)
Caroline in the City (1996)
Cosby (1997)
Veronica's Closet / Dharma & Greg (1998)
Jesse / Will & Grace (1999)
Stark Raving Mad (2000)
Ed (2001)
My Wife and Kids (2002)
8 Simple Rules (2003)
Two and a Half Men (2004)
Joey (2005)
My Name Is Earl (2006)
The Class (2007)
Samantha Who? (2008)
Gary Unmarried (2009)
Glee (2010)
$h*! My Dad Says (2011)
2 Broke Girls (2012)
The New Normal (2013)
Super Fun Night (2014)
Jane the Virgin (2015)
Scream Queens (2016)
Man with a Plan (2017)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grace_Under_Fire&oldid=821193491"
Categories:
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Tom McGrath (animator)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Tom McGrath
McGrath at the 2016 San Diego Comic-Con International promoting The Boss Baby
Born
Thomas McGrath
(1964-08-07) August 7, 1964 (age 53)
Lynnwood, Washington, U.S.
Occupation
Film director, animator, voice actor, screenwriter
Years active
1988–present
Notable work
Madagascar,
Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa,
Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted
Relatives
James McGrath (nephew)[1]
Thomas "Tom" McGrath (born August 7, 1964) is an American film director, animator, and voice actor known for co-directing (with Eric Darnell) the 2005 comedy Madagascar and its sequels, Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa in 2008 and Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted in 2012, also providing the voice of Skipper in all films, short films and The Penguins of Madagascar television series. He has portrayed Skipper in every Madagascar installment, being the only voice actor to do so. He has also worked as a voice actor on other DreamWorks animated features like Flushed Away in 2006 and Shrek the Third in 2007. He also stepped in on Flushed Away to help make improvements prior to its release. He has also directed other DreamWorks Feature Films such as Megamind and The Boss Baby.
Contents
[hide]
1 Life and career
2 Filmography
2.1 Film
2.2 Television
3 References
4 External links
Life and career[edit]
McGrath was born and raised in Lynnwood, Washington. He studied Industrial Design at the University of Washington and graduated from the Character Animation program at Cal Arts.[2] McGrath's experience in both television and feature animation includes work as an animator on Ralph Bakshi's film Cool World (starring Brad Pitt), storyboard artist and director for the popular series The Ren and Stimpy Show, animator on the Joe Pytka-directed Space Jam (starring Michael Jordan), and storyboard artist on the live action film Cats & Dogs and worked as storyboard artist and concept artist/prop and set designer for How the Grinch Stole Christmas (directed by Ron Howard).
McGrath made his film directing debut as the co-director, writer and co-creator of Madagascar[3] (along with Eric Darnell), where he also created the memorable squad of penguin characters and voiced their leader, Skipper. He also reprised his role as Skipper and co-directed and co-wrote the sequel, Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa. He worked on The Penguins of Madagascar, a Madagascar spin-off TV series, as the voice of Skipper, and directed the DreamWorks animated feature Megamind (starring Will Ferrell, Jonah Hill, Brad Pitt, Tina Fey and David Cross), released in November 2010.
Filmography[edit]
Film[edit]
Year
Title
Director
Writer
Animator
Storyboard
artist
Role
Notes
1988 The Thing What Lurked in the Tub Yes
1992 Cool World Yes Also animation designer
layout artist
1996 Space Jam Yes
1998 Hercules and Xena – The Animated Movie: The Battle for Mount Olympus Yes Also layout artist
1999 Herd Fed No. 5
2000 How the Grinch Stole Christmas Yes
2001 Cats & Dogs Yes
2005 Madagascar Yes Yes Skipper
2006 Flushed Away Action Figure
Artist Also Creative consultant
2007 Shrek the Third Gary
2008 Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa Yes Yes Skipper
2009 Monsters vs. Aliens Wilson
2010 Megamind Yes Lord Scott
Prison Guard
2011 Puss in Boots Bar Tender
2012 Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted Yes Skipper
2014 Mr. Peabody & Sherman Odysseus
Penguins of Madagascar[4] Yes Skipper also Executive Producer
2017 The Boss Baby[5] Yes TV Chef
Super Mario[6] Yes Goomba
Television[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1994–96 The Ren and Stimpy Show Director
Storyboard artist
Layout artist
Background designer
1996 KaBlam! Director, Storyboard artist
2008–15 The Penguins of Madagascar Skipper Creator
Writer
Creative consultant
2009 Merry Madagascar Skipper
additional voices writer
2013 Madly Madagascar Skipper
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Rechtshaffen, Michael (March 12, 2017). "'The Boss Baby': Film Review". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved April 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ DreamWorks Animation. "Madagascar 3 Europe's Most Wanted – Production Information" (PDF). Festival Cannes. p. 17. Retrieved May 29, 2012.
Jump up ^ Keeping Control of the Zoo Tom McGrath Directs Madagascar to Laughs by Sara Michelle Fetters. MovieFreak.com. Retrieved June 21, 2011.
Jump up ^ B. Vary, Adam (July 12, 2012). "DreamWorks Animation Comic-Con panel: Caveman families and penguin movies!". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved July 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Dates Set for Madagascar 4, The Croods 2, Puss in Boots 2, Captain Underpants, and Hitman Read more: Dates Set for Madagascar 4, The Croods 2, Puss in Boots 2, Captain Underpants, and Hitman". ComingSoon.net. June 12, 2014. Retrieved June 14, 2014.
Jump up ^ Vary, Adam (December 11, 2014). "Sony Pictures Lands "Mario Bros." Movie Rights From Nintendo, Leaked Emails Show". BuzzFeed. Retrieved December 11, 2014.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tom McGrath.
Tom McGrath on IMDb
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WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 55844755
ISNI: 0000 0001 2028 5961
GND: 118913913
SUDOC: 147455200
BNF: cb15067463s (data)
IATH: w65c65w5

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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tom_McGrath_(animator)&oldid=802239179"
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1964 births
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