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Metal detector
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A U.S. Army soldier uses a metal detector to search for weapons and ammunition in March 2004.
U.S. Army soldiers use a metal detector in 2002.
A metal detector is an electronic instrument which detects the presence of metal nearby. Metal detectors are useful for finding metal inclusions hidden within objects, or metal objects buried underground. They often consist of a handheld unit with a sensor probe which can be swept over the ground or other objects. If the sensor comes near a piece of metal this is indicated by a changing tone in earphones, or a needle moving on an indicator. Usually the device gives some indication of distance; the closer the metal is, the higher the tone in the earphone or the higher the needle goes. Another common type are stationary "walk through" metal detectors used for security screening at access points in prisons, courthouses, and airports to detect concealed metal weapons on a person's body.
The simplest form of a metal detector consists of an oscillator producing an alternating current that passes through a coil producing an alternating magnetic field. If a piece of electrically conductive metal is close to the coil, eddy currents will be induced in the metal, and this produces a magnetic field of its own. If another coil is used to measure the magnetic field (acting as a magnetometer), the change in the magnetic field due to the metallic object can be detected.
The first industrial metal detectors were developed in the 1960s and were used extensively for mineral prospecting and other industrial applications. Uses include detecting land mines, the detection of weapons such as knives and guns (especially in airport security), geophysical prospecting, archaeology and treasure hunting. Metal detectors are also used to detect foreign bodies in food, and in the construction industry to detect steel reinforcing bars in concrete and pipes and wires buried in walls and floors.
Contents
[hide]
1 History and development
1.1 Modern developments
1.2 Further refinements
1.3 Discriminators
1.4 New coil designs
1.5 Pulse induction
2 Uses
2.1 Archaeology
2.2 As a hobby
2.2.1 Politics and conflicts in the metal detecting hobby in the USA
2.3 Security screening
2.4 Industrial metal detectors
2.5 Civil engineering
3 See also
4 Notes
5 References
History and development[edit]
Early metal detector, 1919, used to find unexploded bombs in France after World War 1.
Towards the end of the 19th century, many scientists and engineers used their growing knowledge of electrical theory in an attempt to devise a machine which would pinpoint metal. The use of such a device to find ore-bearing rocks would give a huge advantage to any miner who employed it. Early machines were crude, used a lot of battery power, and worked only to a very limited degree. In 1874, Parisian inventor Gustave Trouvé developed a hand-held device for locating and extracting metal objects such as bullets from human patients. Inspired by Trouvé, Alexander Graham Bell developed a similar device to attempt to locate a bullet lodged in the chest of American President James Garfield in 1881; the metal detector worked correctly but the attempt was unsuccessful because the metal coil spring bed Garfield was lying on confused the detector.[1]
Modern developments[edit]
The modern development of the metal detector began in the 1920s. Gerhard Fischer had developed a system of radio direction-finding, which was to be used for accurate navigation. The system worked extremely well, but Fischer noticed there were anomalies in areas where the terrain contained ore-bearing rocks. He reasoned that if a radio beam could be distorted by metal, then it should be possible to design a machine which would detect metal using a search coil resonating at a radio frequency. In 1925 he applied for, and was granted, the first patent for a metal detector. Although Gerhard Fischer was the first person granted a patent for a metal detector, the first to apply was Shirl Herr, a businessman from Crawfordsville, Indiana. His application for a hand-held Hidden-Metal Detector was filed in February 1924, but not patented until July 1928. Herr assisted Italian leader Benito Mussolini in recovering items remaining from the Emperor Caligula's galleys at the bottom of Lake Nemi, Italy in August 1929. Herr's invention was used by Admiral Richard Byrd's Second Antarctic Expedition in 1933, when it was used to locate objects left behind by earlier explorers. It was effective up to a depth of eight feet.[2] However, it was one Lieutenant Józef Stanisław Kosacki, a Polish officer attached to a unit stationed in St Andrews, Fife, Scotland, during the early years of World War II, who refined the design into a practical Polish mine detector.[3] These units were still quite heavy, as they ran on vacuum tubes, and needed separate battery packs.
The design invented by Kosacki was used extensively during the Second Battle of El Alamein when 500 units were shipped to Field Marshal Montgomery to clear the minefields of the retreating Germans, and later used during the Allied invasion of Sicily, the Allied invasion of Italy and the Invasion of Normandy.[4]
As the creation and refinement of the device was a wartime military research operation, the knowledge that Kosacki created the first practical metal detector was kept secret for over 50 years.
The Mine Kafon Drone is a drone for autonomous, efficient and safe demining which has a metal detector attached that is hovered close above the ground using its sensors and a retractable arm.[5][6][7]
Further refinements[edit]
Many manufacturers of these new devices brought their own ideas to the market. White's Electronics of Oregon began in the 1950s by building a machine called the Oremaster Geiger Counter. Another leader in detector technology was Charles Garrett, who pioneered the BFO (Beat Frequency Oscillator) machine. With the invention and development of the transistor in the 1950s and 1960s, metal detector manufacturers and designers made smaller lighter machines with improved circuitry, running on small battery packs. Companies sprang up all over the United States and Britain to supply the growing demand.
Modern top models are fully computerized, using integrated circuit technology to allow the user to set sensitivity, discrimination, track speed, threshold volume, notch filters, etc., and hold these parameters in memory for future use. Compared to just a decade ago, detectors are lighter, deeper-seeking, use less battery power, and discriminate better.
Larger portable metal detectors are used by archaeologists and treasure hunters to locate metallic items, such as jewelry, coins, bullets, and other various artifacts buried shallowly underground.
Discriminators[edit]
The biggest technical change in detectors was the development of the induction-balance system. This system involved two coils that were electrically balanced. When metal was introduced to their vicinity, they would become unbalanced. What allowed detectors to discriminate between metals was the fact that every metal has a different phase response when exposed to alternating current. Scientists had long known of this fact; by the time detectors were developed that could selectively detect desirable metals, while ignoring undesirable ones.
Even with discriminators, it was still a challenge to avoid undesirable metals, because some of them have similar phase responses e.g. tinfoil and gold, particularly in alloy form. Thus, improperly tuning out certain metals increased the risk of passing over a valuable find. Another disadvantage of discriminators was that they reduced the sensitivity of the machines.
New coil designs[edit]
Coil designers also tried out innovative designs. The original induction balance coil system consisted of two identical coils placed on top of one another. Compass Electronics produced a new design: two coils in a D shape, mounted back-to-back to form a circle. This system was widely used in the 1970s, and both concentric and D type (or widescan as they became known) had their fans. Another development was the invention of detectors which could cancel out the effect of mineralization in the ground. This gave greater depth, but was a non-discriminate mode. It worked best at lower frequencies than those used before, and frequencies of 3 to 20 kHz were found to produce the best results. Many detectors in the 1970s had a switch which enabled the user to switch between the discriminate mode and the non-discriminate mode. Later developments switched electronically between both modes. The development of the induction balance detector would ultimately result in the motion detector, which constantly checked and balanced the background mineralization.
Pulse induction[edit]
At the same time, developers were looking at using a different technique in metal detection called pulse induction.[8] Unlike the beat frequency oscillator or the induction balance machines which both used a uniform alternating current at a low frequency, the pulse induction machine simply magnetized the ground with a relatively powerful, momentary current through a search coil. In the absence of metal, the field decayed at a uniform rate, and the time it took to fall to zero volts could be accurately measured. However, if metal was present when the machine fired, a small eddy current would be induced in the metal, and the time for sensed current decay would be increased. These time differences were minute, but the improvement in electronics made it possible to measure them accurately and identify the presence of metal at a reasonable distance. These new machines had one major advantage: they were mostly impervious to the effects of mineralization, and rings and other jewelry could now be located even under highly mineralized black sand. The addition of computer control and digital signal processing have further improved pulse induction sensors.
Uses[edit]
Archaeology[edit]
Metal detectors are widely used in archaeology with the first recorded use by military historian Don Rickey in 1958 who used one to detect the firing lines at Little Big Horn. However archaeologists oppose the use of metal detectors by "artifact seekers" or "site looters" whose activities disrupt archaeological sites.[9] The problem with use of metal detectors in archaeological sites or hobbyist who find objects of archeological interest is that the context that the object was found in is lost and no detailed survey of its surroundings is made. Outside of known sites the significance of objects may not be apparent to a metal detector hobbyist.[10]
The examples and perspective in this section deal primarily with the United Kingdom and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject. You may improve this article, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new article, as appropriate. (June 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
United States
In the United States cooperation between archeologists hunting for the location of colonial era Native American villages and hobbyists has been productive.[10]
England and Wales
In England and Wales metal detecting is legal provided that permission is granted by the landowner, and that the area is not a Scheduled Ancient Monument, a site of special scientific interest (SSSI), or covered by elements of the Countryside Stewardship Scheme.
Items discovered which fall within the definition of treasure[11] must be reported to the coroner or a place designated by the coroner for treasure. The voluntary reporting of finds which do not qualify as treasure to the Portable Antiquities Scheme or the UK Detector Finds Database is encouraged.
Scotland
The situation in Scotland is very different. Under the Scots law principle of bona vacantia, the Crown has claim over any object of any material value where the original owner cannot be traced.[12] There is also no 300 year limit to Scottish finds. Any artifact found, whether by metal detector survey or from an archaeological excavation, must be reported to the Crown through the Treasure Trove Advisory Panel at the National Museums of Scotland. The panel then determines what will happen to the artifacts. Reporting is not voluntary, and failure to report the discovery of historic artifacts is a criminal offence in Scotland.
France
The sale of metal detectors is allowed in France. The first use of metal detectors in France which led to archaeological discoveries occurred in 1958: people living in the city of Graincourt-lès-Havrincourt who were seeking copper from world war I bombshell with military mine detector found a Roman silver treasure.[13] The French law on metal detecting is ambiguous because it refers only to the objective pursued by the user of a metal detector. The first law to regulate the use of metal detectors was Law No. 89-900 of 18 December 1989. This last is resumed without any change in Article L. 542-1 of the code of the heritage, which states that "no person may use the equipment for the detection of metal objects, for the purpose of research monuments and items of interest prehistory, history, art and archeology without having previously obtained an administrative authorization issued based on the applicant's qualification and the nature and method of research. " Outside the research of archaeological objects, using a metal detector does not require specific authorization, except that of the owner of the land. We often read, from some archaeologists, that the use of a metal detector is itself prohibited without official authorization. This is false. To realize this, one must look to the legislative intent in enacting the Law No. 89-900 of 18 December 1989. Asked about Law No. 89-900 of 18 December 1989 by the member of parliament mister Calloud, Jack Lang, Minister of Culture at the time, replied by letter the following: "The new law does not prohibit the use of metal detectors but only regulates the use. If the purpose of such use is the search for archaeological remains, prior authorization is required from my services. Apart from this case, the law ask to be reported to the appropriate authorities an accidental discovery of archaeological remains." The entire letter of Jack Lang was published in 1990 in a French metal detection magazine,[14] and then, to be visible on internet, scanned with permission of the author of the magazine on a French metal detection website.[15]
As a hobby[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
This 156-troy-ounce (4.9 kg) gold nugget, known as the Mojave Nugget, was found by an individual prospector in the Southern California Desert using a metal detector
There are various types of hobby activities involving metal detectors:
Coin shooting is specifically targeting coins.[16] Some coin shooters conduct historical research to locate sites with potential to give up historical and collectible coins.
Prospecting is looking for valuable metals like gold, silver, and copper in their natural forms, such as nuggets or flakes.[17]
Metal detectors are also used to search for discarded or lost,[18] valuable man-made objects such as jewelry, mobile phones, cameras and other devices. Some metal detectors are waterproof, to allow the user to search for submerged objects in areas of shallow water.
General metal detecting is very similar to coin shooting except that the user is after any type of historical artifact. Detectorists may be dedicated to preserving historical artifacts, and often have considerable expertise. Coins, bullets, buttons, axe heads, and buckles are just a few of the items that are commonly found by relic hunters; in general the potential is far greater in Europe and Asia than in many other parts of the world. More valuable finds in Britain alone include the Staffordshire Hoard of Anglo-Saxon gold, sold for £3,285,000, the gold Celtic Newark Torc, the Ringlemere Cup, West Bagborough Hoard, Milton Keynes Hoard, Roman Crosby Garrett Helmet, Stirling Hoard, Collette Hoard and thousands of smaller finds.
Beach combing is hunting for lost coins or jewelry on a beach. Beach hunting can be as simple or as complicated as one wishes to make it. Many dedicated beach hunters also familiarize themselves with tide movements and beach erosion.
Metal detecting clubs across the United States, United Kingdom and Canada exist for hobbyists to learn from others, show off finds from their hunts and to learn more about the hobby.[19]
Politics and conflicts in the metal detecting hobby in the USA[edit]
The examples and perspective in this section deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject. You may improve this article, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new article, as appropriate. (June 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The metal detecting community and professional archaeologists have different ideas related to the recovery and preservation of historic finds and locations. Archaeologists claim that detector hobbyists take an artifact-centric approach, removing these from their context resulting in a permanent loss of historical information. Archaeological looting of places like Slack Farm in 1987 and Petersburg National Battlefield serve as evidence against allowing unsupervised metal detecting in historic locations.[20]
Hobbyists often state that professional archaeologists' resource limitations results in the loss or damage of many artifacts by plows, development, erosion and livestock. The language and breadth of legislation regarding artifact collection is also an issue, as the Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1979 excludes scattered coins, the main target of inland hobbyists. Many hobbyists take issue with the breadth of metal detecting bans, marking large swaths of property off-limits which are either well-documented already or unlikely to ever receive professional attention.[citation needed] Suggestions to certify or offer limited permits for detecting at historic sites have been attempted in some areas of the United States.
Recently, productive efforts for cooperation between professionals and metal detecting hobbyists have begun, including the Montpelier Archeology Project and Battlefield Restoration and Archaeological Volunteer Organization (BRAVO) and many more. In these programs, skilled detector hobbyists work with experienced professionals with common goals of accurate, efficient site discovery and excavation. Away from supervised sites, hobbyists using improved record keeping and employment of global positioning system, GIS, logbooks, photo scales and online databases may aid professionals in evaluating possible sites. When searching for a site, hobbyists can aid with electronic scanning, reducing the need for test holes. Some land managers, such as the Tennessee Valley Authority have cited a role for amateur archaeologists in protecting sensitive sites from illegal looting and metal detector hobbyists have aided in the location and preservation of many sites.
Security screening[edit]
Metal detectors at Berlin Schönefeld Airport
A series of aircraft hijackings led the United States in 1972 to adopt metal detector technology to screen airline passengers, initially using magnetometers that were originally designed for logging operations to detect spikes in trees.[21] The Finnish company Outokumpu adapted mining metal detectors in the 1970s, still housed in a large cylindrical pipe, to make a commercial walk-through security detector.[22] The development of these systems continued in a spin-off company and systems branded as Metor Metal Detectors evolved in the form of the rectangular gantry now standard in airports. In common with the developments in other uses of metal detectors both alternating current and pulse systems are used, and the design of the coils and the electronics has moved forward to improve the discrimination of these systems. In 1995 systems such as the Metor 200 appeared with the ability to indicate the approximate height of the metal object above the ground, enabling security personnel to more rapidly locate the source of the signal. Smaller hand held metal detectors are also used to locate a metal object on a person more precisely.
metal detector
Industrial metal detectors[edit]
Industrial metal detectors are used in the pharmaceutical, food, beverage, textile, garment, plastics, chemicals, lumber, mining, and packaging industries.
Contamination of food by metal shards from broken processing machinery during the manufacturing process is a major safety issue in the food industry. Metal detectors for this purpose are widely used and integrated into the production line.
Current practice at garment or apparel industry plants is to apply metal detecting after the garments are completely sewn and before garments are packed to check whether there is any metal contamination (needle, broken needle, etc.) in the garments. This needs to be done for safety reasons.
The industrial metal detector was developed by Bruce Kerr and David Hiscock in 1947. The founding company Goring Kerr[23] pioneered the use and development of the first industrial metal detector. Mars Incorporated was one of the first customers of Goring Kerr using their Metlokate metal detector to inspect Mars bars.
The basic principle of operation for the common industrial metal detector is based on a 3 coil design. This design utilizes an AM (amplitude modulated) transmitting coil and two receiving coils one on either side of the transmitter. The design and physical configuration of the receiving coils are instrumental in the ability to detect very small metal contaminates of 1 mm or smaller. Today modern metal detectors continue to utilize this configuration for the detection of tramp metal.
The coil configuration is such that it creates an opening whereby the product (food, plastics, pharmaceuticals, etc.) passes through the coils. This opening or aperture allows the product to enter and exit through the three coil system producing an equal but mirrored signal on the two receiving coils. The resulting signals are summed together effectively nullifying each other. Fortress Technology innovated a new feature, that allows the coil structure of their BSH Model to ignore the effects of vibration,[24] even when inspecting conductive products.[25]
When a metal contaminant is introduced into the product an unequal disturbance is created. This then creates a very small electronic signal. After suitable amplification a mechanical device mounted to the conveyor system is signaled to remove the contaminated product from the production line. This process is completely automated and allows manufacturing to operate uninterrupted.
Civil engineering[edit]
In civil engineering, special metal detectors (cover meters) are used to locate reinforcement bars inside walls.
See also[edit]
Cover meter
DEMIRA
Detectorists (BBC Television series)
Inductive sensor
Induction loop
Magnet fishing
Portable Antiquities Scheme
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Grosvenor and Wesson 1997, p. 107.
Jump up ^ Poulter, Thomas C. Outline of the Scientific Accomplishments of the Byrd Antarctic Expedition II, 1933-1935.
Jump up ^ Modelski, Tadeusz (1986). The Polish Contribution to The Ultimate Allied Victory in The Second World War. Worthing, England. p. 221.
Jump up ^ Croll, Mike; Cooper, Leo (1998). The History of Landmines. Pen & Sword Books, Ltd. ISBN 0-85052-628-0.
Jump up ^ Vincent, James. "This drone can detect and detonate land mines". The Verge. Retrieved 20 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "These brothers built a mine-sweeping drone". Popular Science. Retrieved 2 January 2017.
Jump up ^ "Drone aims to rid the world of landmines". Metro World News. 31 August 2016. Retrieved 2 January 2017.
Jump up ^ "How Metal Detectors Work". 23 May 2001.
Jump up ^ Connor, Melissa; Scott, Douglas D. (1 January 1998). "Metal Detector Use in Archaeology: An Introduction". Historical Archaeology. 32 (4): 76–85. doi:10.2307/25616646 (inactive 2017-10-26). JSTOR 25616646.
^ Jump up to: a b Tyler J. Kelley (January 16, 2017). "Archaeologists and Metal Detectorists Find Common Ground" (The New York Times). Retrieved January 21, 2017. The difference between archaeology and looting, explained Brian Jones, Connecticut’s state archaeologist, is the recording of context.
Jump up ^ See Treasure Act 1996
Jump up ^ "Treasure Trove Scotland".
Jump up ^ "Plat aux poissons du Trésor de Graincourt - Musée du Louvre - Paris".
Jump up ^ """". Le Prospecteur (5). ISSN 1169-3835.
Jump up ^ "Detecteur-de-metaux.com - Or natif et trésor - Conseils et guide d'achat".
Jump up ^ "Coin Shooting Tips :: metaldetectingworld.com".
Jump up ^ Dave McCracken. "The Fundamentals of Electronic Prospecting :: goldgold.com".
Jump up ^ Scott Clark. "Finding Jewelry with Metal Detector - lost ring :: detecting.us".
Jump up ^ "Directory listing of Metal Detector Clubs in the United States and Canada :: MetalDetector.com".
Jump up ^ "Civil War relic thief engaged in 'heartbreaking' destruction". NBC News.
Jump up ^ "The History of Airport Security".
Jump up ^ Jarvi, A, Leinonen, E, Thompson, M, and Valkonen K, Designing Modern Walk-through Metal Detectors, Access Security Screening: Challenges and Solutions, ASTM STP 1127 TP Tsacoumis Ed, American Society for Testing of Materials, Philadelphia 1992, pp21-25
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-10-23. Retrieved 2016-10-23.
Jump up ^ Editor, Mike Pehanich, Plant Operations. "Detecting Foreign Matter".
Jump up ^ "History - Fortress Technology".
References[edit]
Grosvenor, Edwin S. and Wesson, Morgan. Alexander Graham Bell: The Life and Times of the Man Who Invented the Telephone. New York: Harry N. Abrahms, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0-8109-4005-1.
Colin King (Editor), Jane's Mines and Mine Clearance, ISBN 0-7106-2555-3
Graves M, Smith A, and Batchelor B 1998: Approaches to foreign body detection in foods, Trends in Food Science & Technology 9 21-27
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Metal detectors.
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Mystery Case Files
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Mystery Case Files
Official logo of the series
Genres
Adventure, puzzle, hidden object
Developers
Big Fish Studios
(2005-2012)
Elephant Games
(2013-2014)
Eipix Entertainment
(2015–)
Publishers
Big Fish Games
Creators
Adrian Woods
Composers
Somatone Interactive Audio
(2005-2010)
Clean Cuts Music (2011-2012)
Yuriy Ginzburg
(2013-2014)
Platforms
Windows, Mac OS X, Nintendo DS, Nintendo 3DS, Windows Phone, iOS, Android, Wii
First release
Mystery Case Files: Huntsville
November 14, 2005
Latest release
Mystery Case Files: The Revenant's Hunt
November 21, 2017
Mystery Case Files (also known as MCF) is a video game series originally developed by the internal studios of Big Fish Games. New installments are currently developed by Eipix Entertainment, replacing Elephant Games who developed sequels from 2013 to 2014. The Mystery Case Files series is known for its ‘Hidden Object’ puzzles where, in order to progress through a game, the player must find a certain number of items hidden somewhere on a painted scene.
Big Fish Games "estimates that 100 million people have at least sampled trial versions"[1] of the Mystery Case Files games since the initial launch of Mystery Case Files: Huntsville.
The latest installment in the series, The Revenant's Hunt, was released on November 21, 2017 and is the sixteenth game in the series.
Contents
[hide]
1 Development
2 Main series
2.1 Huntsville
2.2 Prime Suspects
2.3 Ravenhearst
2.4 Madame Fate
2.5 Return to Ravenhearst
2.6 Dire Grove
2.7 13th Skull
2.8 Escape From Ravenhearst
2.9 Shadow Lake
2.10 Fate's Carnival
2.11 Dire Grove, Sacred Grove
2.12 Key to Ravenhearst
2.13 Ravenhearst Unlocked
2.14 Broken Hour
2.15 The Black Veil
2.16 The Revenant's Hunt
3 Other platform series
3.1 Agent X
3.2 MillionHeir
3.3 The Malgrave Incident
3.4 Spirits of Blackpool
4 Novel series
4.1 Stolen
4.2 Vanished
4.3 Submerged
4.4 Unearthed
5 References
6 External links
Development[edit]
There have been sixteen titles in the Mystery Case Files series to date. After Mystery Case Files: Huntsville, successive installments have added additional features including:
Flashlights and a fictional X-ray Device by Mystery Case Files: Prime Suspects
Rube Goldberg door puzzles by Mystery Case Files: Ravenhearst
Word and crystal ball puzzles, hidden object scenes within hidden object scenes, interactive hidden object scenes, and morphing objects by Mystery Case Files: Madame Fate
Cause and effect objects, adventure gameplay, and live actors by Mystery Case Files: Return to Ravenhearst
Full motion videos by Mystery Case Files: Dire Grove
Interactive characters by Mystery Case Files: 13th Skull
Morphing hidden objects by Mystery Case Files: Escape From Ravenhearst
Interactive map by Mystery Case Files: Shadow Lake
Isis the cat, an interactive assistant by Mystery Case Files: Fate's Carnival
Combination of inventory items by Mystery Case Files: Dire Grove, Sacred Grove
Hidden object scenes within puzzles, and hidden object scenes within inventory by Mystery Case Files: Key to Ravenhearst
(No live action videos have been used since Elephant and Eipix took over production of the games, beginning respectively with Fate's Carnival and Mystery Case Files: Key to Ravenhearst.)
Storyline and characters have played an increasingly important part in the development of the series, especially from the third game onwards. The game Ravenhearst begins a story-arc that continues on into the next two games after it, Madame Fate and Return to Ravenhearst, however the storyline was introduced in Prime Suspects at the ending, with a letter saying the Queen requested your assistance on an urgent matter, which is later confirmed to be the Ravenhearst case via phone call in Madame Fate. The following game, Dire Grove, follows on from the previous game, but does not lead directly into the same story. The seventh and ninth installments, 13th Skull and Shadow Lake returns the series to a standalone story format, while the eighth installment, Escape from Ravenhearst returned to the Ravenhearst story-arc.
With the release of the tenth game, Fate's Carnival, the series returns to the story featured in the fourth game, Madame Fate which confirms ties between the Madame Fate and Ravenhearst storylines, something that has only been hinted at in previous games in the series. Completing a certain bonus level in Fate's Carnival hints at returning the player to the story of Dire Grove in a next game. The bonus chapter of Dire Grove, Sacred Grove make a connection with the Ravenhearst games and Fate's Carnival.
The games Key to Ravenhearst and Ravenhearst Unlocked put a true end on the Ravenhearst storyline, with the game Broken Hour, the series return to an original story since 2012.
Main series[edit]
Huntsville[edit]
Main article: Mystery Case Files: Huntsville
Mystery Case Files: Huntsville is the first installment in the Mystery Case Files franchise and was released in November 2005 and immediately broke sales records for casual games. The player takes the role of a master detective to solve a series of seemingly random crimes in the small town of Huntsville. The game features a number of locations to explore and introduced the Crime Computer which is still a main part of the series.
Prime Suspects[edit]
Main article: Mystery Case Files: Prime Suspects
Mystery Case Files: Prime Suspects is the second installment in the Mystery Case Files franchise and was released in April 2006. The player is tasked with investigating the disappearance of the Queen’s Hope Diamond in Capital City. Mystery Case Files: Prime Suspects added items that players have to discover to unlock later levels (such as finding a battery to power a flashlight). Characters also became a more prominent part of the series with the investigation revolving around multiple characters with different personas.
Ravenhearst[edit]
Main article: Mystery Case Files: Ravenhearst
Mystery Case Files: Ravenhearst is the third installment in the Mystery Case Files franchise and was released in December 2006 and features an investigation centered on a mysterious manor located in England. Players find objects to unlock diary pieces to follow the life of Emma Ravenhearst. Mystery Case Files: Ravenhearst introduced elaborate door puzzles to the series that were similar to a Rube Goldberg type puzzle. Mystery Case Files: Ravenhearst was re-released for the Nintendo DS in April 2013.
Madame Fate[edit]
Main article: Mystery Case Files: Madame Fate
Mystery Case Files: Madame Fate is the fourth installment in the Mystery Case Files franchise and was released in November 2007. The player investigates Madame Fate’s Carnival and the carnival workers to see which one of them causes the fortune teller’s death at midnight. Mystery Case Files: Madame Fate introduces more types of puzzles (including word puzzles and multiple crystal ball puzzles) while also changing the way a player can find items. Sometimes the player must combine two items on the screen, other times they must locate hidden areas to progress. The bulk of the game is still finding hidden objects, but there are a lot of other types of puzzles. Mystery Case Files: Madame Fate also introduced hidden object scenes inside hidden object scenes into the game-play.
Return to Ravenhearst[edit]
Main article: Mystery Case Files: Return to Ravenhearst
Mystery Case Files: Return to Ravenhearst is the fifth installment in the Mystery Case Files franchise and was released on November 26, 2008, for Big Fish Games Game Club members whereas the public was able to download this game on November 27, 2008.[2] This game is the second installment in the Ravenhearst story-arc.
Dire Grove[edit]
Main article: Mystery Case Files: Dire Grove
Mystery Case Files: Dire Grove is the sixth installment of the Mystery Case Files franchise and was released December 11, 2009. It had its first release on November 25, 2009 as a Collector's Edition. It follows the events of four graduate students led by Alison Sterling (Davie-Blue Bacich) who travel to a small township near Blackpool, England. The game follows on from the previous game, Return to Ravenhearst, but does not directly lead into the Ravenhearst story-arc.
13th Skull[edit]
Main article: Mystery Case Files: 13th Skull
Mystery Case Files: 13th Skull is the seventh installment of the Mystery Case Files franchise and had its first release on November 25, 2010 as a Collector's Edition. It follows the disappearance of Marcus Lawson after moving into a creepy mansion in Louisiana. His daughter, Magnolia, believes her father was kidnapped by the ghost of a vengeful pirate seeking to protect his lost fortune.
Escape From Ravenhearst[edit]
Main article: Mystery Case Files: Escape From Ravenhearst
Mystery Case Files: Escape From Ravenhearst is the eighth installment of the Mystery Case Files franchise and was released November 23, 2011 as a Collector's Edition. Some residents in Blackpool, England have gone missing around Ravenhearst Manor and you, the Master Detective must return to the fire-ravaged manor and search for the missing residents. This game is the third installment in the Ravenhearst story-arc.
Shadow Lake[edit]
Main article: Mystery Case Files: Shadow Lake
Mystery Case Files: Shadow Lake is the ninth installment of the Mystery Case Files franchise and was the last to be released by Big Fish Studios. Shadow Lake was released on November 20, 2012 and features actress Lea Thompson as Cassandra Williams, a psychic medium that helps the Master Detective solve puzzles while they investigate the mysterious destruction of a ghost town.[3][4]
Fate's Carnival[edit]
Main article: Mystery Case Files: Fate's Carnival
Mystery Case Files: Fate's Carnival is the tenth installment of the Mystery Case Files franchise and the first to be released by developer Elephant Games. Fate's Carnival was released on November 26, 2013 and returns the player to Madame Fate's carnival, previously featured in the series' fourth installment, Madame Fate. Exploring the carnival vicinity with the help of Isis the cat, the game incorporates characters featured in previous games, as well as introducing new ones.
Dire Grove, Sacred Grove[edit]
Mystery Case Files: Dire Grove, Sacred Grove is the eleventh installment of the Mystery Case Files franchise and was the last to be released by developer Elephant Games. Dire Grove, Sacred Grove was released on November 26, 2014 and returns the player to the fictional township of Dire Grove, previously explored in the sixth installment of the same name.[5]
Key to Ravenhearst[edit]
Mystery Case Files: Key to Ravenhearst is the twelfth installment of the Mystery Case Files franchise and is the first to be developed by Eipix Entertainment. Key to Ravenhearst was released on October 27, 2015.[6] Key to Ravenhearst will be the third instance the series has returned to the Ravenhearst storyline, thus the fourth installment in the Ravenhearst story-arc.
"It's rumoured that Ravenhearst is being resurrected, and the Queen of England herself has called on you to help unlock the mystery. But can you find the key? Follow the dark clues down a twisting and twisted path into Ravenhearst's horrific past. The future just might depend on it!"
Ravenhearst Unlocked[edit]
Mystery Case Files: Ravenhearst Unlocked is the thirteenth installment of the Mystery Case Files franchise and was released on November 24, 2015.[7] It is the second title in the series to be developed by Eipix Entertainment and is a direct sequel to the previous game, Key to Ravenhearst. This game is the fifth and also the final installment in the Ravenhearst story-arc.
"Eipix delves deeper into the past as you find yourself trapped in the very cell that the Dalimars once occupied. Can you stop Alister before he sacrifices everything - and everyone - in his maniacal quest for immortality? Or will his menacing granddaughters stand in your way? You'll love the loads of mini-games embedded throughout this adventure. The HOPs are full of variety, with silhouette, listed, interactive, and more to choose from!"
Broken Hour[edit]
Mystery Case Files: Broken Hour is the fourteenth installment of the series. The Beta for the game was released on March 7th, 2016. The Collector's Edition was released on 22 November 2016.
The Black Veil[edit]
Mystery Case Files: The Black Veil is the 15th installment of the series. The BETA was released on December 22nd, 2016. The Collector's Edition was released on 23 March 2017. It is the first appearance since Mystery Case Files: Dire Grove of Alison Sterling (voiced by Katie Leigh).
The Revenant's Hunt[edit]
Mystery Case Files: The Revenant's Hunt is 16th installment of the series. The Beta of the games was released on July 2017. It's the first game to be set in United States since Shadow Lake in 2012. The collector's edition was released on 20 November 2017.
Other platform series[edit]
Agent X[edit]
Mystery Case Files: Agent X was released on April 15, 2008 and is the first title in the Mystery Case Files franchise to be released for a portable device. Mystery Case Files: Agent X is only usable by Glu Mobile capable cell-phones.
MillionHeir[edit]
Main article: Mystery Case Files: MillionHeir
Mystery Case Files: MillionHeir was released on September 8, 2008 and is the second game in the Mystery Case Files franchise to be released for a portable device. Mystery Case Files: MillionHeir requires a Nintendo DS system and was published by Nintendo.
The Malgrave Incident[edit]
Main article: Mystery Case Files: The Malgrave Incident
Mystery Case Files: The Malgrave Incident was released on June 27, 2011 and is the second game in the Mystery Case Files franchise to be published by Nintendo. Mystery Case Files: The Malgrave Incident is playable for the Wii.
Spirits of Blackpool[edit]
Mystery Case Files: Spirits of Blackpool was released on October 24, 2013 and is the first title in the Mystery Case Files franchise to be published for iOS. It was first released on the Canadian App Store and is playable for the Apple iPad.[8]
Novel series[edit]
A four novel mini series of books was announced by Big Fish Games to be distributed by Harlequin.[9] All four novels are written by Jordan Gray.[10]
Stolen[edit]
Stolen is the first novel in the series and was released in August 2010. It follows a young couple, Molly and Michael Graham, as they move to Blackpool for a simple way of life. That ideal is shattered when a blood-curdling scream outside an old theater leads to a murder victim, a woman whose past in Blackpool is linked to a seventy-year-old train wreck, a lost child and a cache of valuable paintings smuggled out of London during World War II.[11]
Vanished[edit]
Vanished is the second novel and was released in November 2010.[12] The story starts out with a bang - or more accurately, a boom - as a pirate ship sails into Blackpool harbor, accidentally firing off its canon. Suddenly everyone is talking about pirate curses and stolen Gypsy gold. It's all fun and games, until someone is stabbed to death. As Molly and Michael Graham dig into the mystery, they find that more than one person had reason to want the man dead. Not only that, but the Grahams' investigation is making them some powerful enemies.
Submerged[edit]
Submerged is the third novel and was released in February 2011.[13] A preservation grant brings a massive restoration project to the marina, throwing the town into political turmoil. As Molly wades into the fray, a young woman is kidnapped, a thug turns up dead and a shipwreck is discovered in the harbor. Molly and Michael are, yet again, plunged into a legacy of smuggling operations, betrayal and murder . . . and delve even deeper into the heart of Blackpool's most shocking and long-buried truths.
Unearthed[edit]
Unearthed is the fourth and final book and was released in May 2011.[14] Behind the colorful charm and vibrant history of the English seaside town of Blackpool is a legacy of secrets. Secrets that people have killed to keep hidden. For Michael and Molly Graham, though, finding the truth has become personal; their friend clings to life in a hospital—shot to keep him quiet—and the couple is driven to uncover what he would risk his life for . . . and what someone would murder for.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ ""Hidden Object" Series Hit for Holidays". Reuters. 2007-12-20. Retrieved 2008-01-02.
Jump up ^ "November 2008 Blog Archives | Big Fish Games Blog". Bigfishgames.com. Retrieved 2012-01-02.
Jump up ^ M., Conor (15 October 2012). "Mystery Case Files: Shadow Lake Announced!". Big Fish Games. Retrieved 12 November 2012.
Jump up ^ "Sneak Peek – Mystery Case Files: Shadow Lake Collector's Edition". Big Fish Games. 16 November 2012. Retrieved 17 November 2012.
Jump up ^ "Mystery Case Files: Dire Grove Sacred Grove Released!". Big Fish Games. 1 December 2014. Retrieved 26 November 2015.
Jump up ^ "Mystery Case Files: Keys to Ravenhearst Announced". Big Fish Games. 12 October 2015. Retrieved 26 November 2015.
Jump up ^ "A New Mystery Case Files Adventure is Out Today!". Big Fish Games. 24 November 2015. Retrieved 26 November 2015.
Jump up ^ "Blackpool: A Hidden Object Adventure from Mystery Case Files on the App Store on iTunes". Retrieved 2014-03-12.
Jump up ^ "Announcement at". Bigfishgames.com. 2010-08-03. Retrieved 2012-01-02.
Jump up ^ "Harlequin.com | Miniseries - Mystery Case Files". Eharlequin.com. Retrieved 2012-01-02.
Jump up ^ "''Stolen'' at". Mysterycasefiles.com. Retrieved 2012-01-02.
Jump up ^ "''Vanished'' at". Mysterycasefiles.com. Retrieved 2012-01-02.
Jump up ^ "''Submerged'' at". Mysterycasefiles.com. Retrieved 2012-01-02.
Jump up ^ "''Unearthed'' at". Mysterycasefiles.com. Retrieved 2012-01-02.
External links[edit]
Official website
[hide]
v
t
e
Mystery Case Files
Main series
Huntsville (2005)
Prime Suspects (2006)
Ravenhearst (2006)
Madame Fate (2007)
Return to Ravenhearst (2008)
Dire Grove (2009)
13th Skull (2010)
Escape from Ravenhearst (2011)
Shadow Lake (2012)
Fate's Carnival (2013)
Dire Grove, Sacred Grove (2014)
Key to Ravenhearst (2015)
Ravenhearst Unlocked (2015)
Broken Hour (2016)
The Black Veil (2017)
The Revenant's Hunt (2017)
Other platform games
Agent X (2008)
MillionHeir (2008)
The Malgrave Incident (2011)
Spirits of Blackpool (2013)
Novel series
Stolen (2010)
Vanished (2010)
Submerged (2011)
Unearthed (2011)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mystery_Case_Files&oldid=814476423"
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Paul Marcarelli
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Paul Marcarelli
Marcarelli in 2017
Born
(1970-05-24) May 24, 1970 (age 47)
North Haven, Connecticut
Alma mater
Fairfield University, B.A.
Occupation
Film, voice actor, screenwriter
Paul Marcarelli (born May 24, 1970) is an American actor, best known as the spokesperson for Sprint. Previously, he was the ubiquitous "Test Man" character in commercials ("Can you hear me now?") for Verizon Wireless. He appeared in all of his Verizon commercials wearing a gray Verizon jacket and his own horn-rimmed glasses until 2011.[1] [2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life and education
2 Acting career
3 Advertising career
4 Personal life
5 References
6 External links
Early life and education[edit]
Marcarelli is a native of North Haven, Connecticut and graduated from North Haven High School. Marcarelli then received his bachelor's degree in English from Fairfield University in 1992[3] where he was a member of Theatre Fairfield, the resident production company.[4]
Acting career[edit]
A founding member of New York's Mobius Group Productions in 1998, Marcarelli produced and performed in works by Eric Bogosian, Warren Leight, and Richard Nelson.[5] Mobius's production of The Adding Machine, in which he played the lead role, garnered the award for excellence in overall production from the New York International Fringe Festival in 2001; and his 2005 production, Bridezilla Strikes Back! starring Cynthia Silver, which The New York Times called "irresistible,"[6] won the Fringe's overall excellence award for outstanding solo show.
Marcarelli is also a founding member of the Table Ten Films production company.[7] He co-wrote the storyline for the 2011 independent film The Green, for which he also wrote the screenplay.[8]
Marcarelli wrote and produced the feature film Clutter, starring Carol Kane and Natasha Lyonne. The film won Best Film at the Harlem International Film Festival and was nominated for the New American Cinema Award in 2013.[9]
Advertising career[edit]
In 2002 Marcarelli started appearing as the "Test Man" character in Verizon Wireless commercials,[7] for which Entertainment Weekly named him one of the most intriguing people of 2002.[10] In October 2009, he appeared on The Price Is Right during the showcase sponsored by Verizon Wireless.[11] In February 2011, he revived his role as the Verizon test man in a commercial advertising the release of the iPhone 4 for Verizon.
In April 2011 Marcarelli was informed by email that Verizon was moving in a new direction with their advertising campaign. He remained under contract but would no longer play "Test Man".[5] Marcarelli was glad that he was able to move on from it.[12]
Prior to Verizon, Marcarelli had already appeared in numerous commercials for companies including Old Navy, Merrill Lynch, Dasani, T-Mobile and Heineken. He also performed in industrial and promotional films, and as a voiceover artist for Comedy Central, United Airlines and Aetna Insurance, among others.
As of 2016 Marcarelli is now working as a Sprint spokesman and often refers to his switch from Verizon to Sprint in the commercials in which he appears.[13]
Personal life[edit]
Marcarelli is gay. He is married to his husband Ryan, who appeared with Paul in a Sprint ad.[14]
Marcarelli has a twin brother, Matthew, who was a highly decorated firefighter and Assistant Chief of Operations at the New Haven Fire Department is now Fire Chief in the Town of East Haven after serving 22 years in New Haven. Matthew also was a member of the New Haven 20, a group of firefighters who successfully proved discrimination before the Supreme Court of the United States in the landmark case Ricci v. DeStefano, 557 U.S. 557 (2009).
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Howard, Theresa (22 February 2004). ""Can You Hear Me Now?" a Hit". USA Today. Retrieved 2014-10-21.
Jump up ^ "Verizon's `Can you hear me now' guy now at Sprint".
Jump up ^ Fenster, Jordan (13 October 2011). "Guilford's Verizon guy makes film about being gay in Connecticut". New Haven Register. Retrieved 2014-10-22.
Jump up ^ "Life After Fairfield: Paul Marcarelli '92". fairfield.edu. Fairfield University. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Morgan, Spencer (13 April 2011). "Hear Me Now?". The Atlantic. Retrieved 2017-02-15.
Jump up ^ Zinoman, Jason (16 August 2005). "Fringe Festival Reviews; 'Bridezilla Strikes Back!'". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-11-13.
^ Jump up to: a b Harris, Elizabeth A. (18 April 2010). "He Tested the Market". The New York Times. p. RE2. Retrieved 2014-10-22.
Jump up ^ Fine, Marshall (21 October 2011). "Interview: Creators talk about gay drama, The Green". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 2014-10-22.
Jump up ^ "Clutter". www.clutterthemovie.com. Retrieved 2017-07-28.
Jump up ^ "Scout Awards 2002". Entertainment Weekly. 3 January 2003. Retrieved 2014-10-22.
Jump up ^ "FULL RECAP - TPiR 10/12/2009". golden-road.net. Retrieved February 16, 2017.
Jump up ^ Cina, Mark (14 April 2011). "Verizon Phases Out 'Can You Hear Me Now?' Guy". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2014-10-22.
Jump up ^ Baig, Edward C. (June 6, 2016). "Verizon's 'Can you hear me now' guy now at Sprint". USA Today. Retrieved October 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ Paul Marcarelli [@paulmarcarelli] (November 28, 2016). "Just a couple of dudes buyin' a Christmas tree. Sprint commercial with my husband @RBCateringNY" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
External links[edit]
Paul Marcarelli on IMDb
Clutter website
Table Ten Films website
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 281145542563996641474
LCCN: no2016008959
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Marcarelli&oldid=827841317"
Categories:
American male film actors
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American male screenwriters
Fairfield University alumni
Gay actors
LGBT entertainers from the United States
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Male actors from New York (state)
Verizon Communications people
1970 births
Spokespersons
Corporate mascots
Sprint Corporation people
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
People from North Haven, Connecticut
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