text:
Timothy Spall
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Timothy Spall
OBE
Spall at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival
Born
Timothy Leonard Spall
(1957-02-27) 27 February 1957 (age 60)
Battersea, London, England
Residence
Forest Hill, London, England
Nationality
British
Occupation
Actor, presenter
Years active
1978–present
Spouse(s)
Shane Spall (m. 1981)
Children
3 (including Rafe)
Signature
Timothy Leonard Spall, OBE (born 27 February 1957) is an English character actor and occasional presenter. He became a household name in the UK after appearing as Barry Spencer Taylor in the 1983 ITV comedy-drama series Auf Wiedersehen, Pet.
Spall received critical acclaim for his performance in Secrets & Lies (1996), for which he was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role. Subsequently, he starred in supporting roles including The Last Samurai (2003), Peter Pettigrew in the Harry Potter film series (2004-2010), played Albert Pierrepoint in Pierrepoint (2005), Beadle Bamford in Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007), Peter Taylor in The Damned United (2009) and Winston Churchill in The King's Speech (2010).
Spall has also starred in the television documentary Timothy Spall: ...at Sea (2010–2012). In 2014, he won the Best Actor award at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival for portraying J. M. W. Turner in Mike Leigh's biographical film Mr. Turner.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Career
3 Personal life
4 Filmography
5 References
6 External links
Early life[edit]
Spall, the third of four sons,[2] was born in Battersea, London. His mother, Sylvia R. (née Leonard), was a hairdresser, and his father, Joseph L. Spall, was a postal worker.[3][4][5][6] He trained at the National Youth Theatre and RADA, where he was awarded the Bancroft Gold Medal as the most promising actor in his year.
Career[edit]
Spall filming Enchanted in New York City, March 2007
Spall initially made his mark in theatre performing in productions for Birmingham Rep and, later, the Royal Shakespeare Company including The Merry Wives of Windsor, Three Sisters, Nicholas Nickleby and The Knight of the Burning Pestle.
Following a film debut in Quadrophenia and wider TV exposure playing the awkward Barry Taylor in all four series of Auf Wiedersehen, Pet, Kevin in Outside Edge and as Aubrey the appalling chef in Mike Leigh's Life is Sweet, Spall has since appeared in films such as Crusoe, Secrets & Lies, Shooting the Past, Topsy-Turvy, Vanilla Sky, Rock Star, All or Nothing, The Last Samurai, Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events and The King's Speech. He gained international recognition as Peter Pettigrew ("Wormtail") in the Harry Potter film series. In 1991 he guest starred in the series 5 Red Dwarf episode Back to Reality. In 1993, Spall was a guest in the Scottish comedy series Rab C. Nesbitt.
In the 2000 New Year Honours, he was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE).[7]
Spall performed lead vocals on the song The Devil is an Englishman[8] from the Ken Russell film Gothic (1986), in which Spall portrayed John William Polidori.
Spall played the starring role of Albert Pierrepoint in the 2005 film Pierrepoint, which was released as The Last Hangman in the United States. In the 2006 video game Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories, Spall voiced Phil Collins' manager, Barry Mickelthwaite. In 2007, he starred as Nathaniel in Disney's Enchanted and Beadle Bamford in Tim Burton's production of Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street. He also starred as Georgie Godwin in a one off television drama The Fattest Man in Britain on ITV 1 which aired on 20 December 2009. The drama also featured Bobby Ball, Frances Barber, Aisling Loftus and Jeremy Kyle.
In 2010, he portrayed Winston Churchill in critically acclaimed film The King's Speech for which as a member of the ensemble he was jointly awarded the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture. Spall reprised the role at the 2012 Summer Olympics closing ceremony.
In 2012, Spall filmed Wasteland (known as The Rise in Britain), with actors Matthew Lewis and Vanessa Kirby. The Newport Beach Film Festival in Newport Beach, California, screened Wasteland in April 2013.[9] Also in 2012 Spall played Charlie Morgan in the edgy film Comes a Bright Day.
In 2014, he won the Best Actor Award at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival for Mr. Turner, a biographical film on J. M. W. Turner directed by Mike Leigh.
From 29 March to 14 May 2016, Spall played the title role of Davies in Harold Pinter's play The Caretaker, directed by Matthew Warchus at the Old Vic theatre in London opposite George MacKay and Daniel Mays.
Timothy Spall plays various roles in Stanley A Man Of Variety, directed by Stephen Cookson and produced by Red Rock Entertainment. Timothy received the Edgeware Outstanding Achievement Award for his performance in Stanley A Man of Variety.
Personal life[edit]
Spall and his wife Shane have three children: Pascale (born 1976), Rafe (born 1983), who is also an actor and Mercedes (born 1985). He lives in Forest Hill,[10] south east London.[11][12]
In 1996, Spall was diagnosed with acute myeloid leukaemia, but has since been in remission.[13] He has said of his illness: "I didn't know what made me ill but stress had something to do with it and the point is now to head off stress at the pass. It made me aware of things and become more selective. I am less worried about employment. I really do my homework so I am not getting stressed on the set because I don't know what I'm doing."
He is the owner of a Dutch barge that he and his wife have been sailing around the British Isles as part of a BBC Four TV series Timothy Spall: Back at Sea.[14]
Filmography[edit]
Main article: Timothy Spall filmography
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Awards 2014 : Competition". Cannes. Archived from the original on 23 October 2013. Retrieved 25 May 2014.
Jump up ^ Smith, Julian Llewellyn. "Timothy Spall: A bloke for all seasons." The Independent. 20 August 2001.[dead link]
Jump up ^ Deborah Ross (12 January 2008). "Timothy Spall: Lucky Tim – Features – Films". London: The Independent. Retrieved 30 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "Timothy Spall: Victim of his own success – Profiles – People – The Independent". London: News.independent.co.uk. 30 March 2006. Archived from the original on 10 January 2008. Retrieved 30 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "You'll know the face". www.smh.com.au. 17 January 2004. Retrieved 30 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "timedetectives.co.uk" (PDF). Retrieved 13 February 2013.
Jump up ^ "ENTERTAINMENT | Spall and Steadman collect OBEs". BBC News. 13 June 2000. Retrieved 30 January 2012.
Jump up ^ liner notes from the 2009 reissue of the Thomas Dolby album The Flat Earth. Dolby composed the score for Gothic.
Jump up ^ ”Wasteland Newport Beach Film Festival 2013 Screenings”
Jump up ^ Lynn Barber (30 September 2002). "Timothy Spall: Cruise, characters and chemotherapy | Film | The Observer". London: Film.guardian.co.uk. Retrieved 30 January 2012.
Jump up ^ Stuart Jeffries (5 November 2007). "Stuart Jeffries talks to Timothy Spall | Film | The Guardian". London: Film.guardian.co.uk. Retrieved 30 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "Timothy Spall goes down to the sea". London: Telegraph. 24 April 2010. Retrieved 30 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "/ Arts / Film & Television – Nothing to lose, everything to enjoy". Ft.com. 8 April 2006. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
Jump up ^ "BBC News – Actor Timothy Spall rescued by Sheerness lifeboat". bbc.co.uk. 25 August 2011. Retrieved 30 January 2012.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Timothy Spall.
Timothy Spall on IMDb
Timothy Spall at the British Film Institute's Screenonline
Amy Raphael, "Spall in the Family," (Interview of Timothy Spall and actor son Rafe) The Observer, 28 October 2007
Stuart Jeffries, "I don't always play losers," The Guardian, 5 November 2007
[show]
Awards for Timothy Spall
[show]
v
t
e
Cannes Film Festival Best Actor Award
1946-1975
Ray Milland (1946)
Edward G. Robinson (1949)
Michael Redgrave (1951)
Marlon Brando (1952)
Charles Vanel (1953)
Spencer Tracy/cast of Bolshaya Semya (1955)
John Kitzmiller (1957)
Paul Newman (1958)
Bradford Dillman/Dean Stockwell/Orson Welles (1959)
Anthony Perkins (1961)
Dean Stockwell/Jason Robards/Ralph Richardson/Murray Melvin (1962)
Richard Harris (1963)
Antal Páger/Saro Urzì (1964)
Terence Stamp (1965)
Per Oscarsson (1966)
Oded Kotler (1967)
Jean-Louis Trintignant (1969)
Marcello Mastroianni (1970)
Riccardo Cucciolla (1971)
Jean Yanne (1972)
Giancarlo Giannini (1973)
Jack Nicholson (1974)
Vittorio Gassman (1975)
1976-2000
José Luis Gómez (1976)
Fernando Rey (1977)
Jon Voight (1978)
Jack Lemmon (1979)
Michel Piccoli (1980)
Ugo Tognazzi (1981)
Jack Lemmon (1982)
Gian Maria Volontè (1983)
Alfredo Landa/Francisco Rabal (1984)
William Hurt (1985)
Michel Blanc/Bob Hoskins (1986)
Marcello Mastroianni (1987)
Forest Whitaker (1988)
James Spader (1989)
Gérard Depardieu (1990)
John Turturro (1991)
Tim Robbins (1992)
David Thewlis (1993)
Ge You (1994)
Jonathan Pryce (1995)
Pascal Duquenne/Daniel Auteuil (1996)
Sean Penn (1997)
Peter Mullan (1998)
Emmanuel Schotte (1999)
Tony Leung Chiu-wai (2000)
2001-present
Benoît Magimel (2001)
Olivier Gourmet (2002)
Muzaffer Ozdemir/Emin Toprak (2003)
Yūya Yagira (2004)
Tommy Lee Jones (2005)
Jamel Debbouze/Samy Naceri/Roschdy Zem/Sami Bouajila/Bernard Blancan (2006)
Konstantin Lavronenko (2007)
Benicio del Toro (2008)
Christoph Waltz (2009)
Javier Bardem/Elio Germano (2010)
Jean Dujardin (2011)
Mads Mikkelsen (2012)
Bruce Dern (2013)
Timothy Spall (2014)
Vincent Lindon (2015)
Shahab Hosseini (2016)
Joaquin Phoenix (2017)
[show]
v
t
e
European Film Award for Best Actor
Max von Sydow (1988)
Philippe Noiret (1989)
Kenneth Branagh (1990)
Michel Bouquet (1991)
Matti Pellonpää (1992)
Daniel Auteuil (1993)
Ian McKellen (1996)
Bob Hoskins (1997)
Roberto Benigni (1998)
Ralph Fiennes (1999)
Sergi López (2000)
Ben Kingsley (2001)
Sergio Castellitto (2002)
Daniel Brühl (2003)
Javier Bardem (2004)
Daniel Auteuil (2005)
Ulrich Mühe (2006)
Sasson Gabai (2007)
Toni Servillo (2008)
Tahar Rahim (2009)
Ewan McGregor (2010)
Colin Firth (2011)
Jean-Louis Trintignant (2012)
Toni Servillo (2013)
Timothy Spall (2014)
Michael Caine (2015)
Peter Simonischek (2016)
Claes Bang (2017)
[show]
v
t
e
London Film Critics' Circle Award for British Actor of the Year
Alan Rickman (1991)
Daniel Day-Lewis (1992)
David Thewlis (1993)
Ralph Fiennes (1994)
Nigel Hawthorne (1995)
Ewan McGregor / Ian McKellen (1996)
Robert Carlyle (1997)
Brendan Gleeson (1998)
Jeremy Northam (1999)
Jim Broadbent (2000)
Paul Bettany (2001)
Hugh Grant (2002)
Paul Bettany (2003)
Daniel Craig (2004)
Ralph Fiennes (2005)
Toby Jones (2006)
James McAvoy (2007)
Michael Fassbender (2008)
Colin Firth (2009)
Christian Bale (2010)
Michael Fassbender (2011)
Toby Jones (2012)
James McAvoy (2013)
Timothy Spall (2014)
Tom Hardy (2015)
Andrew Garfield (2016)
[show]
v
t
e
National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actor
Michael Caine (1966)
Rod Steiger (1967)
Per Oscarsson (1968)
Jon Voight (1969)
George C. Scott (1970)
Peter Finch (1971)
Al Pacino (1972)
Marlon Brando (1973)
Jack Nicholson (1974)
Jack Nicholson (1975)
Robert De Niro (1976)
Art Carney (1977)
Gary Busey (1978)
Dustin Hoffman (1979)
Peter O'Toole (1980)
Burt Lancaster (1981)
Dustin Hoffman (1982)
Gérard Depardieu (1983)
Steve Martin (1984)
Jack Nicholson (1985)
Bob Hoskins (1986)
Steve Martin (1987)
Michael Keaton (1988)
Daniel Day-Lewis (1989)
Jeremy Irons (1990)
River Phoenix (1991)
Stephen Rea (1992)
David Thewlis (1993)
Paul Newman (1994)
Nicolas Cage (1995)
Eddie Murphy (1996)
Robert Duvall (1997)
Nick Nolte (1998)
Russell Crowe (1999)
Javier Bardem (2000)
Gene Hackman (2001)
Adrien Brody (2002)
Bill Murray (2003)
Jamie Foxx (2004)
Philip Seymour Hoffman (2005)
Forest Whitaker (2006)
Daniel Day-Lewis (2007)
Sean Penn (2008)
Jeremy Renner (2009)
Jesse Eisenberg (2010)
Brad Pitt (2011)
Daniel Day-Lewis (2012)
Oscar Isaac (2013)
Timothy Spall (2014)
Michael B. Jordan (2015)
Casey Affleck (2016)
Daniel Kaluuya (2017)
[show]
v
t
e
New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor
1935–1950
Charles Laughton (1935)
Walter Huston (1936)
Paul Muni (1937)
James Cagney (1938)
James Stewart (1939)
Charlie Chaplin (1940)
Gary Cooper (1941)
James Cagney (1942)
Paul Lukas (1943)
Barry Fitzgerald (1944)
Ray Milland (1945)
Laurence Olivier (1946)
William Powell (1947)
Laurence Olivier (1948)
Broderick Crawford (1949)
Gregory Peck (1950)
1951–1975
Arthur Kennedy (1951)
Ralph Richardson (1952)
Burt Lancaster (1953)
Marlon Brando (1954)
Ernest Borgnine (1955)
Kirk Douglas (1956)
Alec Guinness (1957)
David Niven (1958)
James Stewart (1959)
Burt Lancaster (1960)
Maximilian Schell (1961)
No award (1962)
Albert Finney (1963)
Rex Harrison (1964)
Oskar Werner (1965)
Paul Scofield (1966)
Rod Steiger (1967)
Alan Arkin (1968)
Jon Voight (1969)
George C. Scott (1970)
Gene Hackman (1971)
Laurence Olivier (1972)
Marlon Brando (1973)
Jack Nicholson (1974)
Jack Nicholson (1975)
1976–2000
Robert De Niro (1976)
John Gielgud (1977)
Jon Voight (1978)
Dustin Hoffman (1979)
Robert De Niro (1980)
Burt Lancaster (1981)
Ben Kingsley (1982)
Robert Duvall (1983)
Steve Martin (1984)
Jack Nicholson (1985)
Bob Hoskins (1986)
Jack Nicholson (1987)
Jeremy Irons (1988)
Daniel Day-Lewis (1989)
Robert De Niro (1990)
Anthony Hopkins (1991)
Denzel Washington (1992)
David Thewlis (1993)
Paul Newman (1994)
Nicolas Cage (1995)
Geoffrey Rush (1996)
Peter Fonda (1997)
Nick Nolte (1998)
Richard Farnsworth (1999)
Tom Hanks (2000)
2001–present
Tom Wilkinson (2001)
Daniel Day-Lewis (2002)
Bill Murray (2003)
Paul Giamatti (2004)
Heath Ledger (2005)
Forest Whitaker (2006)
Daniel Day-Lewis (2007)
Sean Penn (2008)
George Clooney (2009)
Colin Firth (2010)
Brad Pitt (2011)
Daniel Day-Lewis (2012)
Robert Redford (2013)
Timothy Spall (2014)
Michael Keaton (2015)
Casey Affleck (2016)
Timothée Chalamet (2017)
[show]
v
t
e
Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture (2001–2010)
2001
Gosford Park
Eileen Atkins, Bob Balaban, Alan Bates, Charles Dance, Stephen Fry, Michael Gambon, Richard E. Grant, Tom Hollander, Derek Jacobi, Kelly Macdonald, Helen Mirren, Jeremy Northam, Clive Owen, Ryan Phillippe, Maggie Smith, Geraldine Somerville, Kristin Scott Thomas, Sophie Thompson, Emily Watson, James Wilby
2002
Chicago
Christine Baranski, Ekaterina Shchelkanova, Taye Diggs, Denise Faye, Colm Feore, Richard Gere, Deidre Goodwin, Queen Latifah, Lucy Liu, Susan Misner, Mýa, John C. Reilly, Dominic West, Renée Zellweger, Catherine Zeta-Jones
2003
The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King
Sean Astin, Sean Bean, Cate Blanchett, Orlando Bloom, Billy Boyd, Bernard Hill, Ian Holm, Ian McKellen, Dominic Monaghan, Viggo Mortensen, John Noble, Miranda Otto, John Rhys-Davies, Andy Serkis, Liv Tyler, Karl Urban, Hugo Weaving, David Wenham, Elijah Wood
2004
Sideways
Thomas Haden Church, Paul Giamatti, Virginia Madsen, Sandra Oh
2005
Crash
Christopher "Ludacris" Bridges, Sandra Bullock, Don Cheadle, Matt Dillon, Jennifer Esposito, William Fichtner, Brendan Fraser, Terrence Howard, Thandie Newton, Ryan Phillippe, Larenz Tate
2006
Little Miss Sunshine
Alan Arkin, Abigail Breslin, Steve Carell, Toni Collette, Paul Dano, Greg Kinnear
2007
No Country for Old Men
Javier Bardem, Josh Brolin, Garret Dillahunt, Tess Harper, Woody Harrelson, Tommy Lee Jones, Kelly Macdonald
2008
Slumdog Millionaire
Rubina Ali, Tanay Chheda, Ashutosh Lobo Gajiwala, Azharuddin Mohammed Ismail, Anil Kapoor, Irrfan Khan, Ayush Mahesh Khedekar, Tanvi Ganesh Lonkar, Madhur Mittal, Dev Patel, Freida Pinto
2009
Inglourious Basterds
Daniel Brühl, August Diehl, Julie Dreyfus, Michael Fassbender, Sylvester Groth, Jacky Ido, Diane Kruger, Mélanie Laurent, Denis Ménochet, Mike Myers, Brad Pitt, Eli Roth, Til Schweiger, Rod Taylor, Christoph Waltz, Martin Wuttke
2010
The King's Speech
Anthony Andrews, Helena Bonham Carter, Jennifer Ehle, Colin Firth, Michael Gambon, Derek Jacobi, Guy Pearce, Geoffrey Rush, Timothy Spall
Complete list
(1995–2000)
(2001–2010)
(2011–2020)
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 85574398
LCCN: no97050252
ISNI: 0000 0001 2096 530X
GND: 101211919X
SUDOC: 069180059
BNF: cb14055035m (data)
MusicBrainz: 78a53241-fd74-4463-93a4-2bb55aeef33f
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timothy_Spall&oldid=803147165"
Categories:
1957 births
Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art
Cancer survivors
English male film actors
English male stage actors
English male television actors
National Youth Theatre members
Living people
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture Screen Actors Guild Award winners
People from Battersea
Royal Shakespeare Company members
English male Shakespearean actors
20th-century English male actors
21st-century English male actors
Male actors from London
Hidden categories:
All articles with dead external links
Articles with dead external links from January 2012
EngvarB from November 2013
Use dmy dates from November 2013
Biography with signature
Articles with hCards
Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers
Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers
Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers
Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers
Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers
Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
العربية
Bân-lâm-gú
Български
Català
Čeština
Dansk
Deutsch
Español
فارسی
Français
Gaeilge
한국어
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
עברית
Latina
Latviešu
Magyar
Македонски
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
Norsk nynorsk
Plattdüütsch
Polski
Português
Русский
Simple English
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Suomi
Svenska
Tagalog
Türkçe
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 30 September 2017, at 19:06.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

values: Officer of the Order of the British Empire

values:
honorific-suffix
font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;

value: img

attrs: href class

values: BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role

values:
/wiki/Peter_Pettigrew_(character)
mw-redirect
Peter Pettigrew (character)

values: Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007 film)

attrs: alt src width height class data-file-width data-file-height

values:
/wiki/Enchanted_(2007_film)
mw-redirect
Enchanted (2007 film)

values:
/wiki/Birmingham_Rep
mw-redirect
Birmingham Rep

values:
/wiki/Nicholas_Nickleby_(play)
mw-redirect
Nicholas Nickleby (play)

values: Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events (film)

values:
/wiki/The_King%27s_Speech_(film)
mw-redirect
The King's Speech (film)

values:
/wiki/Comedy_series
mw-redirect
Comedy series

values:
/wiki/Acute_myeloid_leukaemia
mw-redirect
Acute myeloid leukaemia

values:
/wiki/Timothy_Spall:_Back_at_Sea
mw-redirect
Timothy Spall: Back at Sea

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
nofollow
http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0001758/
external text

values: Template:Cannes Film Festival Best Actor Award

values: Template talk:Cannes Film Festival Best Actor Award

values: Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actor

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

values: Template:European Film Award for Best Actor

values: Template talk:European Film Award for Best Actor

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Template:London Film Critics Circle Award for British Actor of the Year

values: Template talk:London Film Critics Circle Award for British Actor of the Year

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Template:National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actor

values: Template talk:National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actor

values: Template:New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor

values: Template talk:New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor

values:
/wiki/Arthur_Kennedy_(actor)
mw-redirect
Arthur Kennedy (actor)

values: Template talk:ScreenActorsGuildAward CastMotionPicture 2001–2010

values:
row
navbox-group
background: #ABCDEF;width:1%

values: The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King

values: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

values:
nofollow
external text
https://viaf.org/viaf/85574398

values:
nofollow
external text
http://isni.org/isni/000000012096530X

values:
nofollow
external text
https://d-nb.info/gnd/101211919X

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.idref.fr/069180059

values: Category:Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art

values: Category:Officers of the Order of the British Empire

values: Category:Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture Screen Actors Guild Award winners

values: Category:Royal Shakespeare Company members

values: Category:English male Shakespearean actors

values: Category:20th-century English male actors

values: Category:21st-century English male actors

values: Category:All articles with dead external links

values: Category:Articles with dead external links from January 2012

values: Category:Use dmy dates from November 2013

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values:
/wiki/Timothy_Spall
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: تيموثي ليونارد سبال – Arabic

values: Тимъти Спол – Bulgarian

values: تیموتی اسپال – Persian

values: 티머시 스폴 – Korean

values: טימותי ספול – Hebrew

values: Тимоти Спол – Macedonian

values: ティモシー・スポール – Japanese

values: Сполл, Тимоти – Russian

values: Тимоти Спол – Serbian

values: 蒂莫西·斯波 – Chinese

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Timothy_Spall rootpage-Timothy_Spall skin-vector action-view


text:
Quicksand
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the geological feature. For other uses, see Quicksand (disambiguation).
This article needs attention from an expert in Geology. The specific problem is: there is too much unsourced information. WikiProject Geology may be able to help recruit an expert. (July 2015)
Quicksand and a warning sign about it at a gravel quarry in England, UK.
Quicksand is a colloid hydrogel consisting of fine granular material (such as sand, silt or clay), and water.
Quicksand forms in saturated loose sand when the sand is suddenly agitated. When water in the sand cannot escape, it creates a liquefied soil that loses strength and cannot support weight. Quicksand can form in standing water or in upwards flowing water (as from an artesian spring). In the case of upwards flowing water, seepage forces oppose the force of gravity and suspend the soil particles.
The saturated sediment may appear quite solid until a sudden change in pressure or shock initiates liquefaction. This causes the sand to form a suspension and lose strength. The cushioning of water gives quicksand, and other liquefied sediments, a spongy, fluidlike texture. Objects in liquefied sand sink to the level at which the weight of the object is equal to the weight of the displaced soil/water mix and the submerged object floats due to its buoyancy.
Liquefaction is a special case of quicksand. In this case, sudden earthquake forces immediately increase the pore pressure of shallow groundwater. The saturated liquefied soil loses strength, causing buildings or other objects on that surface to sink.
Contents
[hide]
1 Properties
2 Prevalence
3 In popular culture
3.1 In music
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Properties[edit]
Quicksand warning sign near Lower King Bridge, Western Australia
Quicksand is a shear thinning non-Newtonian fluid: when undisturbed, it often appears to be solid ("gel" form), but a minor (less than 1%) change in the stress on the quicksand will cause a sudden decrease in its viscosity ("sol" form). After an initial disturbance—such as a person attempting to walk on it—the water and sand in the quicksand separate and dense regions of sand sediment form; it is because of the formation of these high volume fraction regions that the viscosity of the quicksand seems to decrease suddenly. Someone stepping on it will start to sink. To move within the quicksand, a person or object must apply sufficient pressure on the compacted sand to re-introduce enough water to liquefy it. The forces required to do this are quite large: to remove a foot from quicksand at a speed of 0.01 m/s would require the same amount of force as "that needed to lift a medium-sized car."[1]
A human or animal is unlikely to sink entirely into quicksand and drown at all; due to the higher density of the fluid (assuming the quicksand is on dry ground and not under water, but even if underwater, sinking is still improbable). Quicksand has a density of about 2 grams per milliliter, whereas the density of the human body is only about 1 gram per milliliter. At that level of density, sinking in quicksand is impossible. Descending about up to the waist is possible, but not any further. Even objects with a higher density than quicksand will float on it—until they move. Aluminum, for example, has a density of about 2.7 grams per milliliter, but a piece of aluminum will float on top of quicksand until motion causes the sand to liquefy.[2]
Continued or panicked movement, however, may cause a person to sink further in the quicksand. Since it increasingly impairs movement, it can lead to a situation where other factors such as weather exposure, dehydration, hypothermia, tides or carnivores may harm a trapped person.[3]
Quicksand may be escaped by slow movement of the legs in order to increase viscosity of the fluid, and rotation of the body so as to float in the supine position (horizontal, face-up, on-your-back).[2]
Prevalence[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (March 2015)
Quicksand may be found on riverbanks, near lakes, in marshes, or near the coast.
In popular culture[edit]
People falling into (unrealistically being submerged in) quicksand or a similar substance is a trope of adventure fiction, notably movies. According to Slate, this gimmick had its heyday in the 1960s, when almost 3% of all films showed someone sinking in clay, mud, or sand. The proliferation of quicksand scenes in movies has given rise to an Internet subculture scene dedicated to the topic.[4]
In music[edit]
Pete Seeger's song "Waist Deep in the Big Muddy" mentions someone drowning after getting stuck in quicksand.[5]
See also[edit]
Dry quicksand
Muck
Quick condition
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Khaldoun, A., E. Eiser, G. H. Wegdam, and Daniel Bonn. 2005. "Rheology: Liquefaction of quicksand under stress." Nature 437 (29 Sept.): 635. doi:10.1038/437635a
^ Jump up to: a b Bakalar, Nicholas (September 28, 2005). "Quicksand Science: Why It Traps, How to Escape". National Geographic News. Retrieved October 9, 2011.
Jump up ^ Discovery Channel. MythBusters. Season 2. "Killer Quicksand." October 20, 2004.
Jump up ^ Engber, Daniel (23 August 2010). "Terra Infirma: The rise and fall of quicksand.". Slate. Retrieved 23 August 2010.
Jump up ^ Seeger, Pete. "How Waist Deep in the Big Muddy Finally Got on Network Television in 1968". Pete Seeger Appreciation. Jim Capaldi. Archived from the original on August 5, 2013. Retrieved 2 August 2013.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Quicksand.
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Quicksand
Howstuffworks.com - How quicksand works
"What is quicksand?". Scientific American.
Video showing quicksand in a sandpit YouTube
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quicksand&oldid=807896842"
Categories:
Sand
Sediments
Geological hazards
Soil mechanics
Hidden categories:
Articles needing expert attention from July 2015
All articles needing expert attention
Geology articles needing expert attention
Articles to be expanded from March 2015
All articles to be expanded
Articles using small message boxes
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Wikiquote
Languages
العربية
বাংলা
Беларуская
Български
Català
Čeština
Dansk
Deutsch
Eesti
Ελληνικά
Español
Français
한국어
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
עברית
Magyar
मराठी
Bahasa Melayu
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
Norsk nynorsk
Occitan
Polski
Português
Русский
Simple English
Suomi
Svenska
Tagalog
தமிழ்
Українська
Tiếng Việt
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 30 October 2017, at 18:30.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: href class title

values:
/wiki/Quicksand_(disambiguation)
mw-disambig
Quicksand (disambiguation)

attrs: role class

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

value: td

value: b

attrs: href title

value: span

value: i

value: small

value: tr

value: tbody

value: table

attrs: class role

values:
plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content
presentation

values:
/wiki/Pore_pressure
mw-redirect
Pore pressure

values:
/wiki/Stress_(physics)
mw-redirect
Stress (physics)

values: plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content

values:
/wiki/Muck_(soil)
mw-redirect
Muck (soil)

values:
nofollow
external text
https://doi.org/10.1038%2F437635a

values:
/wiki/National_Geographic_News
mw-redirect
National Geographic News

values:
nofollow
http://www.slate.com/id/2264312/
external text

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values: Category:Articles needing expert attention from July 2015

values: Category:All articles needing expert attention

values: Category:Geology articles needing expert attention

values: Category:Articles to be expanded from March 2015

values: Category:Articles using small message boxes

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Quicksand
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values: رمال متحركة – Arabic

values: চোরাবালি – Bangla

values: Зыбкі пясок – Belarusian

values: Плаващи пясъци – Bulgarian

values:
https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorramoll
Sorramoll – Catalan
ca
ca
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kviksand
Kviksand – Danish
da
da
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treibsand
Treibsand – German
de
de
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesiliiv
Vesiliiv – Estonian
et
et
interlanguage-link-target

values: Κινούμενη άμμος – Greek

values: חול טובעני – Hebrew

values:
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drijfzand
Drijfzand – Dutch
nl
nl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvikksand
Kvikksand – Norwegian
no
no
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvikksand
Kvikksand – Norwegian Nynorsk
nn
nn
interlanguage-link-target

values: Зыбучий песок – Russian

values:
https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvicksand
Kvicksand – Swedish
sv
sv
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumunoy
Kumunoy – Tagalog
tl
tl
interlanguage-link-target

values: சொரிமணல் – Tamil

values: Сипучі піски – Ukrainian

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Quicksand rootpage-Quicksand vector-nav-directionality skin-vector action-view


text:
List of Indian cities on rivers
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is an orphan, as no other articles link to it. Please introduce links to this page from related articles; try the Find link tool for suggestions. (June 2014)
The following is a list of cities in India through which gangs flows by and how:
City
River
State
Agra Yamuna Western Uttar Pradesh
Ahmedabad Sabarmati Gujarat
Allahabad At the confluence of Ganga, Yamuna and Saraswati Uttar Pradesh
Ayodhya Saryu Uttar Pradesh
Badrinath Alaknanda Uttarakhand
Banki Mahanadi Odisha
Brahmapur Rushikulya Odisha
Chhatrapur Rushikulya Odisha
Bhagalpur Ganges Bihar
Kolkata Hooghly West Bengal
Cuttack Mahanadi Odisha
New Delhi Yamuna Delhi
Dibrugarh Brahmaputra Assam
Ferozpur Sutlej Punjab
Guwahati Brahmaputra Assam
Haridwar Ganges Uttarakhand
Hyderabad Musi Telangana
Jabalpur Narmada Madhya Pradesh
Kanpur Ganges Uttar Pradesh
Kota Chambal Rajasthan
Kottayam Meenachil Kerala
Jaunpur Gomti Uttar Pradesh
Patna Ganges Bihar
Rajahmundry Godavari Andhra Pradesh
Srinagar Jhelum Jammu & Kashmir
Surat Tapi Gujarat
Tiruchirapalli Kaveri Tamil Nadu
Varanasi Ganges Uttar Pradesh
Vijayawada Krishna Andhra Pradesh
Vadodara Vishwamitri, Mahi, Narmada Gujarat
Mathura Yamuna Uttar Pradesh
Mirzapur Ganga Uttar Pradesh
Auraiya Yamuna Uttar Pradesh
Etawah Yamuna Uttar Pradesh
Bangalore Vrishabhavathi Karnataka
Farrukhabad Ganges Uttar Pradesh
Rangpo Teesta Sikkim
Gaya Falgu (Neeranjana) Bihar
Fatehgarh Ganges Uttar Pradesh
Kannauj Ganges Uttar Pradesh
Mangalore Netravati, Gurupura Karnataka
Shimoga Tunga River Karnataka
Bhadravathi Bhadra Karnataka
Hospet Tungabhadra Karnataka
Karwar Kali Karnataka
Bagalkot Ghataprabha Karnataka
Honnavar Sharavathi Karnataka
Gwalior Chambal Madhya Pradesh
Gorakhpur Rapti Uttar Pradesh
Lucknow Gomti Uttar Pradesh
Kanpur Cantonment Ganges Uttar Pradesh
Shuklaganj Ganges Uttar Pradesh
Chakeri Ganges Uttar Pradesh
Malegaon Girna River Maharashtra
Sambalpur Mahanadi Odisha
Rourkela Brahmani Odisha
Pune Mula, Mutha Maharashtra
Daman Daman Ganga River Daman
Madurai Vaigai Tamil Nadu
Thiruchirapalli Kaveri Tamil Nadu
Chennai Cooum, Adyar Tamil Nadu
Coimbatore Noyyal Tamil Nadu
Erode Kaveri Tamil Nadu
Tirunelveli Thamirabarani Tamil Nadu
Bharuch Narmada Gujarat
Karjat Ulhas Maharashtra
Nashik Godavari Maharashtra
Mahad Savitri Maharashtra
Nanded Godavari Maharashtra
Kolhapur Panchaganga Maharashtra
Nellore Pennar Andhra Pradesh
kurnool Tungabhadra River Andhra Pradesh
Nizamabad Godavari Telangana
Sangli Krishna Maharashtra
Karad Krishna, Koyna Maharashtra
Hajipur Ganges Bihar
Ujjain Shipra Madhya Pradesh[1]
Ashta Parwati Madhya Pradesh[2]
Rishikesh Ganges Uttarakhand
[3]morhar
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Shipra River
Jump up ^ Shipra River
Jump up ^ turkaul
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Indian_cities_on_rivers&oldid=799908883"
Categories:
Lists of cities in India
Lists of rivers of India
Hidden categories:
Orphaned articles from June 2014
All orphaned articles
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
हिन्दी
മലയാളം
தமிழ்
Edit links
This page was last edited on 10 September 2017, at 15:06.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

attrs: id class style

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: class href

attrs: rel class href

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Orphan

values:
/wiki/List_of_cities_in_India
mw-redirect
List of cities in India

values:
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values:
/wiki/Mahanadi_river
mw-redirect
Mahanadi river

values:
/wiki/Jammu_%26_Kashmir
mw-redirect
Jammu & Kashmir

values:
/wiki/Mathura,_Uttar_Pradesh
mw-redirect
Mathura, Uttar Pradesh

values:
/wiki/Bhadravathi,_Karnataka
mw-redirect
Bhadravathi, Karnataka

values:
/wiki/Sharavathi_River
mw-redirect
Sharavathi River

values:
/wiki/Brahmani_river
mw-redirect
Brahmani river

values:
/wiki/Pennar_River
mw-redirect
Pennar River

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values: Category:Orphaned articles from June 2014

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/List_of_Indian_cities_on_rivers
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: नदियों पर बसे भारतीय शहर – Hindi

values: ഇന്ത്യയിലെ നദീതീര നഗരങ്ങൾ – Malayalam

values: ஆற்றங்கரையில் அமைந்துள்ள இந்திய நகரங்கள் – Tamil

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-List_of_Indian_cities_on_rivers rootpage-List_of_Indian_cities_on_rivers skin-vector action-view


text:
Examples of feudalism
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Examples of feudalism are helpful to fully understand feudalism and feudal society. Feudalism was practiced in many different ways, depending on location and time period, thus a high-level encompassing conceptual definition does not always provide a reader with the intimate understanding that detailed historical examples provide.[citation needed]
Contents
[hide]
1 Western European Feudalism
1.1 12th century England
1.2 11th century France
1.3 Holy Roman Empire
1.4 Portugal
2 "Semi-feudal" (non-Western European) feudalism
2.1 Byzantine Empire
2.2 Russia
2.3 Armenia
2.4 India, Pakistan and Bengal
2.5 China
2.6 Tibet
2.7 Japan
3 Modern traces of feudalism
3.1 Scotland
3.2 England
3.3 Sark
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Western European Feudalism[edit]
12th century England[edit]
Feudalism in 12th century England was among the better structured and established in Europe at the time. However, it could be structurally complex, which is illustrated by the example of the feudal barony of Stafford as described in a survey of knight's fees made in 1166 and recorded in The Black Book of the Exchequer. This was a roll of parchment or several such, recording the quantity and tenant of each knight's fee held in capite. It was a record commissioned by the Treasury as the knight's fee was the primary basis for assessing certain types of taxation, for example, feudalism is the exchange of land for military service, thus everything was based on what was called the knight's fee, which is a fiefdom or estate of land. A feudal barony contained several knight's fees, for example the baron Robert of Stafford held a barony containing 60 knight's fees. Often lords were not so much lords presiding over great estates, but managers of a network of tenants and sub-leases.
Stafford tenants were themselves lords of the manors they held from him, which is altogether different from their being barons. Henry d'Oilly, who held 3 fees from Robert of Stafford, also held, as a tenant-in-chief, over 30 fees elsewhere that had been granted to him directly by the king. Thus while Henry was the vassal of his overlord Robert, Henry was himself a lord of his own manors held in capite and sub-enfeoffed many of his manors which he did not keep in demesne, that is to say under his own management using simple employees. It would also have been possible and not uncommon for a situation where Robert of Stafford was a vassal of Henry elsewhere, creating the condition of mutual lordship/vassalage between the two. These complex relationships invariably created loyalty problems through conflicts of interests. To resolve this the concept of a liege lord existed, which meant that the vassal was loyal to his liege lord above all others, except the king himself, no matter what. However, even this sometimes broke down when a vassal would pledge himself to more than one liege lord.
From the perspective of the smallest land holder, multiple networks of tenancy were layered on the same small plot of land. A chronicle of the time says "different lordships lay on the land in different respects". Each tenant laid claim to a certain aspect of the service from the land.
11th century France[edit]
Among the complexities of feudal arrangements, there existed no guarantee that contracts between lord and vassal would be honored, and feudal contracts saw little enforcement from those with greater authority. This often resulted in the wealthier and more powerful party taking advantage of the weaker.
Such was (allegedly) the case of Hugh de Lusignan and his relations with his lord William V of Aquitaine. Between 1020 and 1025 Hugh wrote or possibly dictated a complaint against William and his vassals describing the unjust treatment he had received at the hands of both. Hugh describes a convoluted intermingling of loyalties that was characteristic of the period and instrumental in developing strain between nobles that resulted in competition for each other's land. According to Hugh's account, William wronged him on numerous occasions, often to the benefit of William's vassals. Many of his properties suffered similar fates: seized by opponents and divided between them and William. William apparently neglected to send military aid to Hugh when necessary and dealt most unfairly in the exchange of hostages. Each time Hugh reclaimed one of his properties, William ordered him to return it to whomever had recently taken it from him. William broke multiple oaths in succession yet Hugh continued to put faith in his lord's word, to his own ruin. In his last contract with William, over possession of his uncle's castle at Chiza, Hugh dealt in no uncertain terms and with frank language:
Hugh: You are my lord, I will not accept a pledge from you, but I will simply rely on the mercy of God and yourself.
William: Give up all those claims over which you have quarreled with me in the past and swear fidelity to me and my son and I will give you your uncle's honor [Chizes] or something else of equal value in exchange for it.
Hugh: My lord, I beg you through God and this blessed crucifix which is made in the figure of Christ that you do not make me do this if you and your son were intending to threaten me with trickery.
William: On my honor and my son I will do this without trickery.
Hugh: And when I shall have sworn fidelity to you, you will demand Chizes castle of me, and if I should not turn it over to you, you will say that it is not right that I deny you the castle which I hold from you, and if I should turn it over to you, you and your son will seize it because you have given nothing in pledge except the mercy of God and yourself.
William: We will not do that, but if we should demand it of you, don't turn it over to us.[1]
While perhaps an embellishment of the truth for the sake of Hugh's cause, and not necessarily a microcosm of the feudal system everywhere, the Agreement Between Lord and Vassal is evidence at least of corruption in feudal rule.
Holy Roman Empire[edit]
Main article: Feudalism in the Holy Roman Empire
Portugal[edit]
Portugal, originally a part of the Kingdom of León, was an example of a feudal society, according to Marc Bloch.[2]
Portugal has its roots in a feudal state in northern Iberia, the County of Portugal, established in 868 within the Kingdom of Asturias. The Vímara Peres, the local counts dynasty, was suppressed in 1071, but twenty two years later, in 1093, King Alphonse VI of Léon and Castille gave the county as a fiefdom to Henry of Burgundy (a younger Capet who was participating in the reconquista), when he married Theresa, the king’s natural daughter.
In spite of their vassal link, Henry had a remarkable autonomy, especially after his father-in law's death in 1109. The Portuguese independence was obtained by his son, Afonso I of Portugal when, after defeating the Muslims at the Battle of Ourique, proclaimed himself King of Portugal in 1139, cutting definitively all feudal bonds with the Kingdom of León. Upon seeing the weakness of feudal society due to the Muslim invasion, Portugal became independent from the Kingdom of León as Castile had done a century earlier.[2]
"Semi-feudal" (non-Western European) feudalism[edit]
Outside of a medieval European historical context, the concept of feudalism is generally used by analogy (called semi-feudal), most often in discussions of Japan under the shoguns, and, sometimes, nineteenth-century Ethiopia. However, some have taken the feudalism analogy further, seeing it in places as diverse as Ancient Egypt, Parthian empire, India, to the American South of the nineteenth century.
Byzantine Empire[edit]
Main article: Pronoia
Pronoia, the 11th-century system of land grants in the Byzantine empire, makes a useful contrast to feudal tenure in the European West. Another distinction between the European West can be made in that paroiki (people who lived and farmed on the land of the Pronoiars) owed no debt or loyalty to the pronoiars (the recipients of the Pronoia).[3] This system was adopted by Serbia and then the Ottoman Empire after the fall of the Byzantine Empire at their hands, which called their land grants timar and the recipients of the land grants "timariots".
Russia[edit]
Main article: Muscovite Manorialism
In contrast to Western Europe where feudalism created a strong central power, it took a strong central power to develop feudalism in Russia. A lack of true central power weakened and doomed the Russians to outside domination. The Russians developed its system of land/lord/worker, loosely called feudalism, after it had created a strong central power. Lacking a feudal system of vassal loyalty made it impossible for any prince, early on, to gain enough influence and power to project a strong force against any invaders.
In contrast to other European forms of serfdom and feudalism there was a lack of vassalage and loyalty to the lord whose land the serfs worked. It took a much longer period of time for feudalism to develop but when it did it took on a much harsher form than elsewhere in Europe. Serfs had no rights whatsoever; they could be traded like livestock by their lords. They had no ownership of anything, including their own families, all of which belonged to their lord.
Another major difference was the lack of independent principalities; this was due to the lack of vassalage. As separate lords did not command their own troops to protect their own lands.[4]
Armenia[edit]
Main article: Nakharar
The Nakharar system used by the Armenian nobility throughout Medieval Armenia has often been described as feudal, with hereditary houses of nobles owning large estates, each headed by its own tanuter, and with the estates themselves divided amongst the family. For Armenia as a whole, a Sparapet (supreme commander), King, and chief Aspet were each taken from individual noble houses. However, Armenian feudalism differs from the feudalism of most of Europe as the estates were owned by families, not lords, and could not be split or given without the family's permission. Also, if a tanuter died heirless, he was succeeded by a different branch of the family, rather than by a noble who was sworn to him. Cilician Armenia, through contact with crusader states, had a system even closer to western feudalism. The economic and political systems of medieval Europe in which people exchanged loyalty and labor for a lord's protection[clarification needed]
India, Pakistan and Bengal[edit]
Main articles: Feudalism in India and Feudalism in Pakistan
The Taluqdari or Zamindari system is often referred to as a feudal or feudal-like system. Originally the system was introduced in the pre-colonial period to collect taxes from peasants, and it continued during colonial British rule. After independence Zamindari was abolished in India and East Pakistan (present day Bangladesh), but it is still present today in the state of Pakistan. In modern times historians have become very reluctant to classify other societies into European models and today it is rare for Zamindari to be described as feudal by academics; it still done in popular usage, however, but only for pejorative reasons to express disfavour, typically by critics of the system.
China[edit]
Main article: Feudalism in China
The People's Republic of China is officially a Marxist–Leninist society and state, based on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics under a people's democratic dictatorship, and attempts have been made by Marxist academics to record China's history in the PRC. [5] Feudalism is the model that modern Chinese Marxists and Tokyo school historians use to identify China's recent past, neologized from the Chinese concept of fengjian[6] (which means to allocate a region or piece of land to an individual, establishing him as the ruler of that region[7]), a term used to designate the multi-state which existed in China under the Zhou dynasty, and was eradicated by the Qin,[6] by which time the state of Qin had conquered all other states and established the first China-wide empire. After King Wu of Zhou defeated the Shang dynasty, he created five hereditary ranks; 公 gōng, 侯 hóu, 伯 bó, 子 zǐ and 男 nán, commonly translated as Duke, Marquis, Earl (or Count), Viscount and Baron. However, unlike their Western European equivalents, the titles often indicated more in the way of perceived nobility rather than amount of land possessed. For example, the Lords of the eventually huge states of Qin and Chu were known as "Earls" and "Viscounts", while the Lord of Song was given the title of "Duke" on the merits of his descent from the previous Shang royal lineage, rather than his level of power. Ancient Chinese texts can sometimes cause confusion as it was also considered to be polite to address rulers as gōng regardless of their actual rank. As the Zhou dynasty's control weakened, the regional magnates caused further title inflation by referring to themselves as Kings; the inflation was such that under the Han dynasty, many local lords were established with the title of "king"; in imperial China, the character is thus more normally rendered as "prince".
The Zhou Dynasty can be seen as a true feudal system as it is in many respects very similar to the system used in Medieval Europe.[8] Each lord was given land, and his power was legitimised by nominal allegiance to the central Zhou king; politics thus revolved around these noble households. In fact, the notion of "prime minister" 太宰 in ancient Chinese came from the feudal time meaning the "chief housekeeper" or "butler" of the noble household, in a similar way to the development of such European titles as "constable". Each feudal state was governed independently with taxes, currency and laws set by each individual household, but the nobles were required to pay regular homage to the Zhou Kings as an act of fealty. At the time of war the nobles were required to provide armed service to the King. Approaching the end of the Zhou dynasty, the power of the King dwindled while the power of the nobles had risen. This resulted in what is known as the Spring and Autumn period and Warring States periods when the nobles fought each other constantly for supremacy. This resulted in the collapse of the noble ranking system, with the feudally organised society of the Springs and Autumns largely replaced by more bureaucratised states with standing armies, who no longer paid any attention to the Zhou.[9]
After King Ying Zheng of Qin, known to posterity as the First Emperor of Qin, defeated his rival states, deposing the Zhou and founding the first empire, he formally abolished the largely defunct feudal system, replacing it with a bureaucratised system of literate civil servants.[10] Despite the rapid collapse of the Qin and an abortive attempt at reinstitution of feudalism by Xiang Yu, the following Han dynasty maintained the vast majority of his bureaucratic reforms, establishing them as the new standard of government for the next two thousand years of imperial Chinese history.[11] While Han Confucian scholarship would decry the First Emperor as a tyrant whose "crimes against humanity" included removing feudalism, looked back on as integral to the idealised society of the Western Zhou, feudalism in the sense of devolved power for a military elite would not again be implemented in China.
Tibet[edit]
Main article: Serfdom in Tibet controversy
Whether Tibet constituted a feudal social system or if peasants can be considered serfs is still debated.[12] Studied districts of Tibet between the 17th and 20th century show evidence of a striated society with land ownership laws and tax responsibility that resemble European feudal systems. However, scholars have pointed out key differences that make the comparison contested and only limited evidence from that period is available for study.[13] Scholar Geoff Samuel further argued that Tibet even in the early 20th century did not constitute a single state but rather a collection of districts and a legal system of Lhasa with particular land and tax laws did not extend over the entire country.[14] However, according to Melvyn Goldstein, for the 20th century, the Tibetan political system can not be categorized as feudal.[15]
Japan[edit]
The Tokugawa shogunate was a feudal military dictatorship of Japan established in the 17th century lasting until 1868. It marks a period often referred to loosely as 'feudal Japan', otherwise known as the Edo period. While modern historians have become very reluctant to classify other societies into European models, in Japan, the system of land tenure and a vassal receiving tenure in exchange for an oath of fealty is very close to what happened in parts of medieval Europe, and thus the term is sometimes used in connection with Japan.[16] Friday notes that in the 21st century, historians of Japan rarely invoke feudalism; instead of looking at similarities, specialists attempting comparative analysis concentrate on fundamental differences.[17]
Modern traces of feudalism[edit]
Scotland[edit]
Scots law is quite different from English law. One scholar explained it in 1924 as following:
It is a law of Roman and feudal origin which has been adapted in the course of eight centuries by legislation and by judicial decisions to the needs of the Scottish people, and during the last century has, little by little, been combining with the English law by a slow operation of fusion.[18]
The system of land tenure in Scotland was until recently feudal in nature. In theory, this meant that the land was held under The Crown as ultimate feudal superior. Historically, The Crown would make a grant of land in return for military or other services and the grantees would in turn make sub-grants for other services and so on. Those making grants – the "superiors" – retained a legal interest in the land ("dominium directum"), and so a hierarchical structure was created with each property having a number of owners, co-existing simultaneously. Only one of these, the vassal, has what in normal language would be regarded as ownership of the property ("dominium utile").
In the 18th century, peasants were dispossessed of the land to which they were bonded.[19]
The Abolition of Feudal Tenure etc. (Scotland) Act 2000 abolished the feudal system of land tenure in Scotland and replaced it with a system of outright ownership of land. Since the Act became fully effective from 28 November 2004, the vassal owns the land outright, and superiority interests disappeared. The right of feudal superiors to enforce conditions was ended, subject to certain saving provisions of a restricted nature. Feu duty was abolished although compensation may be payable. The delay between Royal assent and coming into force was a result of the great number of transitional arrangements needed to be put into place before final abolition and because of the close relation that the 2000 Act has to the Title Conditions Act 2003.[20]
England[edit]
Unique in England, the village of Laxton in Nottinghamshire continues to retain some vestiges of the feudal system, where the land is still farmed using the open field system. The feudal court now only meets annually, with its authority now restricted to management of the farmland.[21]
Sark[edit]
The tiny island of Sark, in the Channel Islands, was arguably the last feudal state in Europe, up until April 9, 2008. The island was a fiefdom of the larger nearby island of Guernsey and administered independently by a Seigneur, who was a vassal to the land's owner – the Queen of the United Kingdom. Sark's ruling body voted on 4 October 2006 to replace the remaining tenement seats in Chief Pleas with a fully elected democratic government. This was implemented on April 9, 2008.[22]
See also[edit]
Russian serfdom
Irish Land League
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Geary, P 2010, Readings in Medieval History, Fourth Edition, University of Toronto, Toronto.
^ Jump up to: a b Marc Bloch, Feudal Society Vol.2, Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd
Jump up ^ Harvey, Allen (1989) Economic Expansion in the Byzantine Empire, 900–1200 pp.1–13
Jump up ^ Blum, Jerome, Lord and Peasant in Russia. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1961
Jump up ^ "In China, Feudal Answers for Modern Problems". Retrieved 2 January 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Timothy Brook; Gregory Blue (5 September 2002). China and Historical Capitalism: Genealogies of Sinological Knowledge. Cambridge University Press. p. 136. ISBN 978-0-521-52591-6.
Jump up ^ Levenson, Schurmann, Joseph, Franz (1969). China-An Interpretive History: From the Beginnings to the Fall of Han. London, England: Regents of the University of California. pp. 34–36. ISBN 0-520-01440-5.
Jump up ^ "History of the Zhou Dynasty". China Education Center Limited. Retrieved 17 September 2015.
Jump up ^ Gernet, Jacques (1964). Ancient China – from beginnings to Empire. London: Faber & Faber. pp. 99, 105–6, 115, 122.
Jump up ^ Loewe, Michael (2006). The Government of Qin and Han Empires. Indianapolis: Hackett. pp. 21, 37, 41.
Jump up ^ Lewis, Mark (2007). The Early Chinese Empires. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 53.
Jump up ^ Barnett, Robert (2008) What were the conditions regarding human rights in Tibet before democratic reform? in: Authenticating Tibet: Answers to China’s 100 Questions, pp. 81–83. Eds. Anne-Marie Blondeau and Katia Buffetrille. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-24464-1 (cloth); ISBN 978-0-520-24928-8 (paper)
Jump up ^ Childs, Geoff. 2003. "Polyandry and population growth in a Historical Tibetan Society", History of the Family, pp.423–428
Jump up ^ Samuel, Geoffrey (Feb., 1982) Tibet as a Stateless Society and Some Islamic Parallels The Journal of Asian Studies, Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 215–229
Jump up ^ Melvyn Goldstein, On the Nature of Tibetan Peasantry, The Tibet journal, Vol, XIII, n 1, 1988, 61–65 Citation : "I did not argue in the paper in question that the Tibetan political system of the 20th century should be categorized as a feudal system, and in fact, have specifically rejected that argument in dissertation and in a later paper in which I argued that Tibet possessed a centralized type of state."
Jump up ^ John Whitney Hall, "Feudalism in Japan—a reassessment," Comparative studies in Society and History (1962) 5#1 pp: 15–51 in JSTOR
Jump up ^ Karl Friday, "The Futile Paradigm: In Quest of Feudalism in Early Medieval Japan," History Compass 8.2 (2010): 179–196.
Jump up ^ H Lévy-Ullmann "The Law of Scotland" (1925) 37 Juridical Review 370-91, quoted in Hector MacQueen, "Private Law, National Identity and the Case of Scotland" (2012) p 12 online
Jump up ^ Thomas Douglas Selkirk (1805) Observations on the Present State of the Highlands of Scotland pp.31–54,
Jump up ^ Boyle, Alan E. (2002). Human Rights and Scots Law. Hart Publishing. p. 287.
Jump up ^ J. V. Beckett, A History of Laxton: England's Last Open Field Village (Oxford, 1989), p. 271.
Jump up ^ A. H. Ewen and Allan R. de Carteret, The Fief of Sark (Guernsey: Guernsey Press, 1969)
External links[edit]
Robert de Stafford
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Examples_of_feudalism&oldid=813861230"
Categories:
Feudalism
Hidden categories:
Articles needing additional references from March 2008
All articles needing additional references
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from March 2010
Wikipedia articles needing clarification from October 2016
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Add links
This page was last edited on 5 December 2017, at 16:57.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

values: Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove

values:
/wiki/Feudal_society
mw-redirect
Feudal society

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2010)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values: Edit section: Western European Feudalism

values: Black Book of the Exchequer (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/William_V_of_Aquitaine
mw-redirect
William V of Aquitaine

values:
/wiki/Alfonso_VI_of_Castile
mw-redirect
Alfonso VI of Castile

values:
/wiki/Theresa,_Countess_of_Portugal
mw-redirect
Theresa, Countess of Portugal

values: The establishment of the monarchy in Portugal

values:
/wiki/Kings_of_portugal
mw-redirect
Kings of portugal

values: Edit section: "Semi-feudal" (non-Western European) feudalism

values:
/wiki/Byzantine_empire
mw-redirect
Byzantine empire

values:
/wiki/Muscovite_Manorialism
mw-redirect
Muscovite Manorialism

values:
/wiki/Cilician_Armenia
mw-redirect
Cilician Armenia

values:
/wiki/Crusader_state
mw-redirect
Crusader state

values: The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (October 2016)

values:
noprint Inline-Template
margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;

values: Edit section: India, Pakistan and Bengal

values:
/wiki/Feudalism_in_India
mw-redirect
Feudalism in India

values:
/wiki/Feudalism_in_China
mw-redirect
Feudalism in China

values:
/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China
mw-redirect
People's Republic of China

values:
/wiki/State_of_Qin
mw-redirect
State of Qin

values:
/wiki/Zhou_Dynasty
mw-redirect
Zhou Dynasty

values:
/wiki/Medieval_Europe
mw-redirect
Medieval Europe

values:
/wiki/Warring_States
mw-redirect
Warring States

values:
/wiki/First_Emperor_of_Qin
mw-redirect
First Emperor of Qin

values: Edit section: Modern traces of feudalism

values:
/wiki/Open_field_system
mw-redirect
Open field system

values:
/wiki/List_of_Seigneurs_of_Sark
mw-redirect
List of Seigneurs of Sark

values:
/wiki/Russian_serfdom
mw-redirect
Russian serfdom

values:
/wiki/Irish_Land_League
mw-redirect
Irish Land League

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.jstor.org/stable/177767

values:
/wiki/Thomas_Douglas_Selkirk
mw-redirect
Thomas Douglas Selkirk

values: Category:Articles needing additional references from March 2008

values: Category:All articles needing additional references

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from March 2010

values: Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from October 2016

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Examples_of_feudalism
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Examples_of_feudalism rootpage-Examples_of_feudalism skin-vector action-view