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Dangal (film)
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Dangal
Theatrical release poster
Hindi
दंगल
Directed by
Nitesh Tiwari
Produced by
Aamir Khan
Kiran Rao
Siddharth Roy Kapur
Written by
Nitesh Tiwari
Piyush Gupta
Shreyas Jain
Nikhil Meharotra
Starring
Aamir Khan
Sakshi Tanwar
Fatima Sana Shaikh
Sanya Malhotra
Zaira Wasim
Suhani Bhatnagar
Girish Kulkarni
Narrated by
Aparshakti Khurana
Music by
Pritam
Cinematography
Setu (Satyajit Pande)[1]
Edited by
Ballu Saluja
Production
company
Walt Disney Pictures
Aamir Khan Productions
UTV Motion Pictures
Distributed by
Walt Disney Studios
Motion Pictures
Release date
21 December 2016 (2016-12-21) (United States)
23 December 2016 (2016-12-23) (India)
Running time
161 minutes[2]
Country
India
Language
Hindi
Budget
₹70 crore[3]
Box office
est. ₹2026.55 crore[a]
Dangal (English: Wrestling competition) is a 2016 Indian Hindi-language biographical sports drama film loosely based on the story of Mahavir Singh Phogat, an amateur wrestler, who trains his daughters Geeta Phogat and Babita Kumari to be world-class wrestlers. It was directed by Nitesh Tiwari. Produced by Walt Disney Pictures, Aamir Khan Productions and UTV Motion Pictures, it stars Aamir Khan as the father. Both daughters go on to win medals at the 2010 Commonwealth Games.[9] Babita won a silver medal at the Games, in the 51 kg class and gold at the 2014 Glasgow Games in the 55 kg class. In 2012, Geeta became the first Indian female wrestler to qualify for the Olympics. Mahavir's efforts inspired dozens of Indian women to take to wrestling. Fatima Sana Shaikh and Sanya Malhotra play the older selves of the sisters while Sakshi Tanwar plays their mother and Aparshakti Khurana, their cousin.
The development of the film began in early 2013 when Tiwari began writing the screenplay before signing Khan for the film. Set primarily in the Indian State of Haryana, principal photography commenced in September 2015 in the neighbouring Punjab.[10] Satyajit Pande served as the cinematographer and Ballu Saluja as the editor. Pritam scored the film's background music and for its soundtrack, lyrics for which were written by Amitabh Bhattacharya. Kripa Shankar Bishnoi, a coach with the Indian women's wrestling team, trained Khan and the cast for the wrestling sequences.[11]
After a North America premiere on 21 December 2016, Dangal was released worldwide on 23 December opening to positive response with critics; praise centered on the film's "honest" depiction of a real-life story and Khan's performance. It was also screened at the Beijing International Film Festival in April 2017 and second BRICS festival in June 2017.[12] At the 64th National Film Awards, Zaira Wasim won Best Supporting Actress for her portrayal of Geeta's younger self. At the 62nd Filmfare Awards, it won four awards: Best Film, Best Director, Best Actor (Khan) and Best Action (Shyam).[13] The film performed equally well commercially and is the highest-grossing Indian film and the fifth highest grossing non-English film, having collected over ₹2,000 crore (US$310 million),[14][15] of which more than ₹1,200 crore was earned in China,[16][17] where it has emerged as one of the top 20 highest-grossers of all time.[18] The film has garnered the Telstra People's Choice Award at the 2017 Indian Film Festival of Melbourne.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Development
3.2 Casting
3.3 Filming
4 Soundtrack
4.1 Hindi track list
4.2 Tamil track list
4.3 Telugu track list
5 Release and response
5.1 Critical reception
6 Box office
6.1 India
6.2 Overseas
6.2.1 China and Taiwan
6.2.2 Hong Kong
6.3 Commercial analysis
6.3.1 China
7 Awards and nominations
8 See also
9 Notes
10 References
11 External links
Plot
Mahavir Singh Phogat (Aamir Khan) is a former amateur wrestler and national champion based in Balali, a village in Haryana. He was forced by his father to give up the sport in order to obtain gainful employment. Dejected that he could not win a medal for his country, he vows that his unborn son will. Disappointed upon having four daughters, he gives up hope. But when his older daughters Geeta and Babita come home after beating up two boys in response to derogatory comments, he realises their potential to become wrestlers and begins coaching them.
His methods seem harsh, including grueling early morning workouts and short haircuts to avoid lice. Despite facing backlash from the villagers, he goes ahead with them, training them in his makeshift mud pit. Initially, the girls resent their father for his treatment but soon realise that he wants them to have a good future and not grow up to be stereotypical housewives. Motivated, they willingly participate in his coaching. Mahavir takes the girls to wrestling tournaments where they wrestle with boys and defeat them. Unable to afford wrestling mats, he uses two layers of mattresses and trains them in freestyle wrestling to prepare them for competitive events. Geeta goes on to win the junior and senior championships at the State and national level before heading to the National Sports Academy in Patiala to train for the forthcoming Commonwealth Games.
Once there, Geeta makes friends and begins to disregard the rigour and discipline she has been brought up with. She regularly watches television, eats street food, and grows her hair. Her coach's training methods and wrestling techniques differ significantly from her father's which she believes are superior. During a visit home, after taunting her father for his old techniques, she defeats her ageing and visibly exhausted father in a ferocious bout that ensues. Babita tells an unrepentant Geeta that she shouldn't forget their father's techniques and reminds her that she owes all the success to him. Winning the senior national championships herself, Babita follows Geeta to the academy. Geeta, however, finds herself losing every match at the international level. Subsequently, her coach coaxes her to compete in the 51 kg weight class from 55 kg. Frustrated, and persuaded by Babita, she tearfully makes peace with her father, who comes to Patiala with his nephew (Aparshakti Khurana) and begins coaching them secretly, using the same methods as when they were younger. Learning about this, and furious with Mahavir's interference, the coach wants the girls expelled. The sports authority allow them to continue and bar Mahavir from entering the academy and the girls to go out. Determined to continue assisting his daughters, Mahavir obtains tapes of Geeta's previous unsuccessful bouts and coaches her by pointing out her errors over the phone.
At the Games, competing in the 55 kg class, Geeta eases her way into the final. Mahavir constantly contradicts her coach's instructions while sitting in the audience which she follows while disregarding the latter. Just before the gold medal bout, the jealous coach conspires to lock Mahavir in a closet. Geeta lags behind managing to win the first session while losing the second. Trailing 1–5 in the final session and nine seconds left, she recalls the tactical techniques taught by her father and a 5-pointer that despite being difficult was not impossible. Geeta executes it on her opponent in the final three seconds, taking the score to 6–5 in her favour, thus winning the session, and the bout 2–1. In the process, she becomes the first Indian female wrestler to win gold at the Games. Mahavir returns just in time to embrace his daughters, frustrating the coach's hopes of obtaining credit before the news media.
Cast
Aamir Khan as Mahavir Singh Phogat
Sakshi Tanwar as Daya Shobha Kaur, Mahavir's wife
Fatima Sana Shaikh as Geeta Phogat, Mahavir's oldest daughter
Zaira Wasim as young Geeta
Sanya Malhotra as Babita Kumari, Mahavir's second daughter
Suhani Bhatnagar as young Babita
Girish Kulkarni as Pramod Kadam, coach at the National Sports Academy
Aparshakti Khurana as Omkar
Ritwik Sahore as young Omkar
Vivan Bhatena as Harkinder, Mahavir's colleague
Kaustubh Pile as Male Fighter No.2
Shishir Sharma as Head of Department of the National Sports Academy
Meenu Prajapati as Geeta's friend at the National Sports Academy
Badrul Islam as the meat shop owner[19]
Production
Development
In 2012, Divya Rao, a member of Disney's creative team, read a newspaper article about Mahavir Singh Phogat, who trained his daughters to become world champions. She thought this would make for a great film, and spoke about this to Siddharth Roy Kapur and other Disney personnel. Disney approached Nitesh Tiwari to write and direct the story. Tiwari met Phogat and his daughters, who instantly agreed to tell the story.[20][21] Tiwari worked on the screenplay for close to a year before going to Ronnie Screwvala, the CEO of UTV Motion Pictures, and Kapur with the final script, while suggesting that Aamir Khan play Phogat, who agreed.[10]
In 2013, Kapur and Tiwari went to Khan with the story, and Khan loved it in its first narration. Khan had just finished Dhoom 3 and had begun shooting for PK. He wanted to do the film after 5–10 years when he would turn 60, because the role demanded him to be 55 and he was still doing younger roles. But the story remained in his mind and a few months later, he called up Tiwari and asked him to narrate the script once again.[22]
In 2014, after the release of PK, Aamir Khan announced that he would play the role of a wrestler in his next film titled Dangal directed by Nitesh Tiwari, a cinematographic biography of the former wrestler Mahavir Singh Phogat. It would be produced by Khan himself and Disney's India. Khan said to reporters, "Nitesh has written a wonderful story. The topic is very important, it's very dramatic. It highlights the discrimination that is meted out to the girl child in India. The best part is that he has done it in a very entertaining manner. The heart of the story is emotional, but it also has a lot of humour. Raju Hirani has this unique way to tell a story where he says something socially very relevant but he tells his story in a very entertaining manner. Similarly Nitesh has written a very entertaining lovely script, the dialogues are very entertaining. Each time I listen to the dialogues, I laugh a lot. I cry as well as laugh."[23]
In March 2015, Junior Indian women's wrestling team coach Kripa Shankar Patel Bishnoi was approached by Aamir Khan Productions to train Khan and the entire crew of Dangal. Bishnoi said about the film in a Hindustan Times interview, "Very few Indians encourage women for wrestling, especially because of the uniform. This film will change that perception too. People would hopefully want to see their daughters taking up wrestling as a sport."[24]
Khan lost some weight and took Haryanvi lessons and dialect training for the film.[25][26] He played two distinct roles in the film: the 60-year-old wrestler Mahavir Singh Phogat, and the 20-year-old version of Phogat. Khan reportedly gained 30 kg and weighs 98 kg to play the role of the older Phogat, then lost the weight to play the younger role in Dangal.[27][28]
Casting
In March 2015, Taapsee Pannu, Deeksha Seth and Akshara Haasan were being considered for the roles of Khan's on-screen daughters.[29] In April, Fatima Sana Shaikh and Sanya Malhotra were cast as the daughters, who hailed from the Jat community of Balali village of Bhiwani, Haryana.[30][31][32] Geeta Phogat had participated in the London Olympics in 2012.[33] Babita won gold in 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow.[34][35] In June 2015, child actors Zaira Wasim (from Kashmir) and Suhani Bhatnagar (from Delhi) were roped in for Dangal.[36] Ayushmann Khurrana's brother Aparshakti Khurrana was also cast.[37] Mukesh Chhabra was the casting director of Dangal. Vikram Singh was recruited to play the role of the villain.[38][39] Aamir Khan's nephew Pablo (son of Mansoor Khan) was the film's assistant director.[40][41] Mallika Sherawat auditioned for a role.[42] In August 2015, Rajkumar Rao, who previously worked with Aamir Khan in Talaash, was approached for an important role in Dangal.[43] Finally, after auditioning 70 actresses for the role, Sakshi Tanwar was brought on as Daya Kaur, the wife of Mahavir Singh Phogat.[44][45][46] Ananya was chosen to play Sangita, the youngest daughter of Mahavir Phogat.[47][48] In October 2015, Vivan Bhatena was selected to play a negative role in the film.[49] In an interview in January 2017, Divya Rao stated, if Aamir Khan had declined the role, the only other choices would have been Mohanlal and Kamal Haasan.[50]
Filming
The shooting schedule of Dangal began on 1 September 2015.[51][52] The villages of Ludhiana were given a Haryanvi transformation.[53][54] The shooting took place in the villages of Gujjarwal, Narangwal, Kila Raipur, Dango and Leel in Punjab and Haryana.[55][56] Interestingly, the village of Dango, which is in the Pakhowal Tehsil in Ludhiana, is veteran actor Dharmendra's ancestral village.[57]
From September 2015 to December 2015, Aamir Khan gained 9% fat, weighing around 98 kg for Dangal, and from January 2016 to April 2016, he regained the shape that he had opted for in Dhoom 3 and will hear the script for next future films, halting shooting of Dangal for said period.[58]
The first scene was taken on 21 September 2015 in Ludhiana with the presences of Mahavir Singh Phogat and his both daughters Geeta Phogat, Babita Kumari.[59]
On 14 November 2015, while shooting in Ludhiana, Khan suffered minor injuries resulting in muscle spasms in his back.[60][61][relevant? – discuss] On 20 November 2015, Khan collapsed after sustaining a shoulder injury on the set.[62] After suffering an injury Aamir Khan resumes shooting in Pune on 9 December 2015.[63]
The team filmed in and around stadiums at the Shree Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex in Pune. At the time, the complex hosted the 2015 Roll Ball World Cup, and athletes of the Netherlands national rollball team and Slovenia women's national roll ball team were recruited to play background athletes in the film. The team also shot some portions of the film in Symbiosis International University, Pune.[64][65]
On 19 January 2016, Khan and the entire crew of the film shot in Delhi, at Talkatora Stadium, to film wrestling sequences. The crew then moved to Thyagaraj Stadium to shoot sequences of Commonwealth Games and National Games.[66] The first schedule of shooting was also done in schools and in Dango village, located in Pakhowal Tehsil in Ludhiana.[67]
The second schedule of the film started on 16 June 2016 at the Akhada Leel near Toosa village, in Ludhiana district. It is one of the largest villages in Punjab, India. Khan said, "When I came to Ludhiana, I was very fat. At that time, we shot for the scenes where Mahavir has become old. 85 per cent of the film is about his 'old' look only. Now we are shooting for the portion when Mahavir was young."[68]
With the film being set in multiple decades, the cinematographer Satyajit Pande and colorist Ashirwad Hadkar experimented with a number of tests for skin tones and costumes during the pre-production stage. Natural light was majorly employed in the film. To portray the 1980s, the "sources [were kept] white hot and the skin tones yellow-warm" for the day sequences, and "a consistent bulb warm tone was maintained" for the night sequences. With varying colour temperatures in the process of filming over an entire day starting early mornings till late evenings, visual effects plates were used and digital intermediate process employed.[69]
Soundtrack
Dangal
Soundtrack album by Pritam
Released
14 December 2016
Recorded
2015–16
Genre
Feature film soundtrack
Length
30:33
Language
Hindi, Tamil, Telugu
Label
Zee Music
Producer
Aamir Khan
Kiran Rao
Siddharth Roy Kapur
Pritam chronology
Ae Dil Hai Mushkil
(2016)Ae Dil Hai Mushkil2016 Dangal
(2016) Jagga Jasoos
(2017)Jagga Jasoos2017
Singles from Dangal
"'Haanikaarak Bapu'"
Released: 12 November 2016[70]
"'Dhaakad'"
Released: 23 November 2016[71]
"'Gilehriyaan'"
Released: 30 November 2016[72]
"'Dangal'"
Released: 8 December 2016[73]
The film's music is composed by Pritam. Lyrics are penned by Amitabh Bhattacharya in Hindi, and Rajesh Malaravannan in Tamil.[74] It was reported that Daler Mehndi has sung a song in the movie.[75]
Hindi track list
No.
Title
Singer(s)
Length
1. "Haanikaarak Bapu" Sarwar Khan & Sartaz Khan Barna, Saddy Ahmad(additional vocals: Kheta Khan & Dayam Khan) 4:22
2. "Dhaakad" Raftaar 2:56
3. "Gilehriyaan" Jonita Gandhi 3:40
4. "Dangal" Daler Mehandi 4:59
5. "Naina" Arijit Singh 3:45
6. "Dhaakad" (Aamir Khan version) Aamir Khan 2:56
7. "Idiot Banna" Nooran Sisters 4:08
8. "Naina (Female)" Neha Kakkar 3:47
Total length: 30:33
Tamil track list
No.
Title
Singer(s)
Length
1. "Discipline[76]" R. S. Rakthaksh, R. Snjeevi, K. Haripriya, V. Harini 4:22
2. "Jaagirathai[77]" Raftaar 2:56
Total length: 26:55
Telugu track list
No.
Title
Singer(s)
Length
1. "Discipline[78]" R. S. Rakthaksh, R. Snjeevi, K. Haripriya, V. Harini 4:22
2. "Jaagartha[79]" Raftaar 2:56
Total length: 26:55
Release and response
Dangal was released in the United States on 21 December 2016 and worldwide on 23 December 2016.[80] The film was shown on an estimated 4,300 screens in India and 1,000 screens internationally.[81][82] It was also released in Tamil and Telugu dubbed versions as Yuddham.[83][84] It was declared tax-free in six Indian states – Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Haryana, Chhattisgarh, Delhi and Madhya Pradesh – to promote Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao, a Government of India's social campaign aiming to reduce the selective abortion of females, to protect girls, and to educate them.[85][86][87][88][89][90]
Dangal was screened at the 7th Beijing International Film Festival, the first Indian film to be screened the Festival, in the non-competing panorama section in April 2017 as Shuaijiao Baba (Let's Wrestle, Father!), and received a standing ovation.[91] It released theatrically on 5 May in 9,000 screens, "the widest ever release for an Indian film in any territory", and opened to overwhelming response from critics and audiences alike.[92][93] However, the film was trimmed by 20 minutes "to be in line with what the Chinese are used to."[94]
Critical reception
Review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reports that the film holds an 89% approval rating, based on 9 reviews, with an average score of 7.5/10.[95] On the Chinese website Douban, it maintains a rating of 9.2/10 upon "evaluation" of over 200,000 people.[96]
Critics often praised portrayal of the subject matter in Dangal. Rachit Gupta of Filmfare magazine gave the film a full five star rating calling it "perfect in every sense of the word." He added, "The film’s direction and writing is so riveting that it coaxes it’s viewer to stand up and applaud. Great editing and filmmaking technique aside, Dangal features wrestling matches that are authentic and real." [97] Meena Iyer of The Times of India called it "inspiring and entertaining" and awarded a four-and-a-half out of five star rating. She commended the writing of being for "tongue-in-cheek quality, peppered with humour and several poignant father-daughter emotions."[98] Shubhra Gupta of The Indian Express gave a three out of five star rating and stated that the film worked on two parameters: that it is a "straight-forward film about a popular sport" and the "strong feminist statement about girls being the equal of boys, if not better, in an area they've never been seen, let alone accepted."[99] Saibal Chatterjee of NDTV gave the film four out of five stars and calling it a "hugely entertaining sporting saga", pointed out that unlike other Bollywood films, Dangal does not "go for broke in terms of melodramatic flourish" and that it refrains from "demonstrative chest-thumping and flag-waving". He felt it blended "humour with intensity, and intimacy with spectacle, to perfection."[100]
Ananya Bhattacharya of India Today gave a four out of five star rating and wrote, "the fights, emotional turmoil, the father-daughter tiffs, take centre-stage in Dangal." She added, "Tiwari uses every single trope in the book of Bollywood sports films ... with a freshness and expertise seldom seen."[101] Awarding the film a full five stars, Rohit Bhatnagar of Deccan Chronicle called it "an unmissable epic". Terming the narrative "engaging to the core", he drew comparisons to Chak De! India, while commending the acting performances and cinematography.[102] Sukanya Verma of Rediff.com felt that Dangal was "one of those few films that discuss strategy and technique in a manner that's easy and entertaining to grasp". Calling it an "exhilarating creation" and praising the acting performances, she wrote, "the raw, rough, visceral choreography of the fights ... evokes sheer awe".[103] Lisa Tsering of The Hollywood Reporter felt the film is driven by "emotional resonance, technical artistry and compelling performances" while adding that "it’s so thrilling to watch. Not only do the family scenes ring true, but Tiwari approaches the wrestling sequences with intelligence and sensitivity."[104]
There is not a trace of superstar about [Aamir Khan] or a hint of vanity. For most of the film, he's an old, overweight man. Given the Bollywood obsession with looking youthful and flaunting six packs, this itself is an act of courage. But Aamir doesn't just look the part. He also becomes it. He is by turns, ferocious and tender ... It's a masterful performance.
Anupama Chopra of Film Companion[105]
While commending the acting performances of all the lead actors, most critics focused praise on Khan's performance. Deepa Gauri of Khaleej Times wrote "Aamir Khan ... puts in such an earnest and inspired performance that will go down in the history of Indian cinema as one of the finest." [106] Maitland McDonagh wrote for Film Journal International that "[a]ll four actresses playing Geeta and Babita are strikingly good, and Khan stands out as the deeply flawed Mahavir."[107] Aniruddha Guha of MensXP.com thought that Khan captured the character's "highs and lows with flourish" and called it a "truly great performance", while adding that "the girls of 'Dangal' are a real find."[108] Rohit Vats of Hindustan Times called it "best performance till date".[109] Raja Sen of Rediff.com felt Khan's character was "both fascinating and flawed" and added, "a winner utterly sure of his beliefs who bends the world around him to his will. It is the performance of a lifetime".[110] Baradwaj Rangan of The Hindu noted in his personal blog that Khan brought out the contradicting nature of the character "beautifully" and called it "one of his finest performances."[111] Variety magazine's Owen Gleiberman felt that Khan, despite looking like a "jock version of Salman Rushdie ... with a tight-lipped mask, he finds a hundred ways to communicate emotion."[112]
The film had its share of detractors who, while praising the narrative and performances, felt that the concept of feminism portrayed in the film was flawed. They pointed out that the wrestler-father, in pursuit of his goal of winning a medal for the country, trains his daughters against their will. Reviewing for The Hindu, Namrata Joshi wrote that the film despite aiming not to hide "chinks in the feminist armour", it does not explore its "dilemmas and complexities" and only "brush[es] things under the easy nationalistic carpet" by "justifying everything with "nation before the individual" logic." She complained of the "easy celebration of the supposed fall of patriarchy" depicted in the film and maintained that "men actually still remain very much in control."[113] The view was echoed by Vartika Pande, in her "Feminist Reading" of the film for feminisminindia.com, who wrote, "Dangal ends up being a film about a patriarch at the helm who "empowers" women and obviously takes all the accolades."[114] Al Jazeera's Azad Essa, while reviewing the film for Independent Online observed that "the elevation of women is still a manifestation of an unfulfilled male dream. It is the male coach who emerges as the true hero, and not the women."[115] Strong responses on similar lines from a small section of the Chinese viewers met the film, where, following the release, a fresh debate on feminism began.[116] A viewer complained that the film "reeks of patriarchy and male chauvinism".[117]
Criticism was also directed at other areas of the film such as the characterization of the coach at the academy. Uday Bhatia of Mint felt it was "incompetent and vindictive".[118] Rajeev Masand felt it was "shoddy" and that the "twist in the film's final act ... came off as completely unconvincing".[119] Tanul Thakur of TheWire.in also felt that the coach was "reduced to a caricature" and that "he simply exists because Aamir can become a hero." Thakur wrote that the second half of the film was "repetitive and bloated" and that it uses "clichés ... needlessly trying to inject drama".[120]
Box office
See also: List of highest-grossing Indian films
Dangal grossed ₹716 crore after its initial run. It included ₹511 crore in India and ₹205 crore overseas.[121] After it collected a nett of ₹345 crore over its third weekend from release, it beat the record held by PK for the highest grossing Indian film.[122] Dangal became highest grossing Indian film worldwide in July 2017, with a gross of ₹2,000 crore, after its second phase of release in China and Taiwan.[123][124] The worldwide distributor share of Dangal is ₹ 525 crore.[125][123] As of June 2017, the worldwide gross of Dangal stood at US$307 million (₹2,000 crore).[14][126] Dangal emerged as 30th highest-grossing film of 2016 worldwide and the fifth highest-grossing non-English film of all time.[126][127][128]
Dangal is the first Indian film to gross $300 million worldwide, and one of the top 30 highest-grossing 2016 films. Dangal is also the highest-grossing sports film of 2017, and Disney's fourth highest-grossing film of 2017.[129] Dangal is also the first Indian film to exceed $100 million[130] and ₹1,000 crore overseas,[131] grossing around ₹1,459 crore (US$230 million) in overseas markets.[132]
Dangal worldwide gross revenue breakdown
Territories
Gross revenue
China ¥1,299.12 million[4]
₹1,246.45 crore (US$190 million)[5]
Taiwan ₹41 crore (US$6.4 million)[6]
Hong Kong ₹23.1 crore (US$3.5 million)[7]
Rest of the world
(including India and other territories) ₹716 crore (US$110 million)[8]
(including ₹542.34 crore (US$85 million) in India)[133]
Worldwide
₹2,026.55 crore (US$320 million)[a]
India
Dangal collected ₹29.8 crore on its opening day of release in India, and recorded as the second highest non-holiday opening after Dhoom 3.[134][135] On its second day, the film collected ₹348 million (US$5.4 million) and on the third day collections were ₹424 million (US$6.6 million) taking the first weekend collections to ₹1.07 billion (US$17 million). On 9 January 2017, Dangal became the highest grossing Indian film domestically, beating Aamir Khan's previous film PK.[136] It eventually grossed US$80 million (₹512 crore) in all languages in India.[137][138][139][140] The film's final domestic gross in India stands at ₹542.34 crore.[133]
Overseas
Deadline.com reported that Dangal would open in 331 North American screens, the hitherto highest for a Bollywood film, on 21 December 2016.[141] Releasing in 279 theaters in the United States, it collected US$282,280 and US$42,816 from 24 theaters in Canada on the first day; an overall occupancy of 65 per cent was reported.[142] It grossed US$12.4 million in North America becoming the highest grossing Indian film there, to be surpassed only months later by Baahubali 2: The Conclusion.[143][144] Dangal was released in 95 screens across the Gulf countries and was last reported to have collected ₹59.04 crore from the region.[145] It also received the highest opening in Australia for a Bollywood film (41 screens), and collected US$528,000 in its first weekend, opening at second spot, behind Rogue One.[146] Having collected over ₹12.65 crore in the country,[b] it became the highest grossing Indian film there.[149] It collected US$460,000 (₹2.98 crore) in New Zealand[150] and was last reported to have collected US$4 million (₹25.78 crore) in the UK.[151]
China and Taiwan
Dangal emerged as highest-grossing Indian film of all time in international markets, grossing around ₹1,459 crore (US$230 million) overseas,[132] after its second phase of release overseas in China and Taiwan.[125][123][152][138] Upon theatrical release in Taiwan, Dangal earned over US$3 million and emerged as the number one film there, also becoming the highest grossing Indian film in the region.[153][154] As of June 2017, it has grossed ₹41 crore (US$6.4 million) in Taiwan.[6]
In China, it became the highest grossing Indian film, after grossing US$14.5 million in just four days from theatrical release.[155][156] The collections totaled to ₹300 crore at the end of day nine from release, taking the overall collections past ₹1,000 crore, becoming second Indian film to reach the mark.[157][158] In its second week, it emerged as the number one film in the country,[140][159] outselling Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 by US$15 million according to China's film ticketing portal Maoyan,[160] with collections totaling to over US$84 million (₹544 crore) by the end of 15 days. In the process, it beat the record held by the 2016 Japanese anime film Your Name for the highest grossing foreign-language non-Hollywood film in China.[161] It held the number one position for the second consecutive week taking the overall collections past ₹1,500 crore.[162] As the film neared its one-month run, Forbes reported that it was the "leggiest wide-release movie in China's box office history, with a cumulative gross equal to 70 times its opening day figure", breaking the record set by Zootopia (2016), following which the Chinese government gave the film a "rare extension" beyond the typical 30-day window.[163][164] As of 4 July 2017, Dangal had a cumulative China gross 87 times its opening day haul and 15 times its debut weekend, having been number one for 16 consecutive days and in the top three for 34 straight days, and out-lasting and out-grossing heavily marketed Hollywood movies such as Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2, King Arthur: Legend of the Sword, Life, Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales, Wonder Woman and Alien: Covenant.[165] When its worldwide gross reached ₹1,930 crore on 11 June 2017, it became the fifth highest-grossing non-English film of all time.[15]
As of July 2017, Dangal has grossed ¥1.3 billion (US$196 million) in China.[166][4] Its overseas gross in China more than doubled its domestic gross of $84.4 million in India.[126] In China, Dangal became one of the top 20 highest-grossing films of all time,[4] the 8th highest-grossing foreign film,[167][168] had the most consecutive days with a ¥10 million (US$2 million) gross (surpassing the 30 days of Transformers: Age of Extinction)[169] and $1 million gross[168] (38 days),[170] was the highest-grossing film in May 2017 (ahead of Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales[171] and Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2),[130] and is the year's second highest-grossing foreign film (after The Fate of the Furious).[172] In 52 days, the film had 44,897,623 admissions at the Chinese box office.[173] Aamir Khan's earnings from Dangal is estimated to be ₹300 crore (US$47 million),[174] one of the highest paydays for a non-Hollywood actor.[175]
Hong Kong
Dangal released in Hong Kong on 24 August 2017,[176] and grossed HK$5.2 million (₹4.26 crore) in its opening weekend including previews.[177] Dangal surpassed Aamir Khan's previous hit 3 Idiots's $3 million milestone to become the highest-grossing Indian film ever in Hong Kong, where Dangal grossed HK$24.57 million (US$3.15 million, ₹20.42 crore) as of 26 September 2017.[178] By 2 October 2017, the film had grossed HK$25,430,761, equivalent to ₹21.31 crore (US$3.3 million).[179] As of 10 October 2017, the film has grossed ₹23.1 crore (US$3.5 million) in Hong Kong.[7]
Commercial analysis
Despite the hype created by the film prior to its release, it was not expected to perform very well on two accounts. Aamir Khan's comment in November 2015 during the ongoing intolerance debate in India had sparked outrage and backlash from certain sections of people. Despite his clarification that the statement made was taken out of context and publicized, the criticism, primarily on social media, continued to the extent that prior to the film's release, campaigns calling for boycotting the film began, on ground that Khan was "anti-national".[180][181] Secondly, after the government of India demonetised India's banknotes in November 2016, film businesses drastically fell owing to the fact that tickets were paid for mostly in cash, more so in the 8,500 single screen theatres of a total of 12,000, which accounted for 45 per cent of the total box-office revenue in India. Following the exercise, it was reported that business fell by 60 per cent and that 700 theatres even shut,[182] including a few that deciding not to renew their licenses, converted into wedding halls. The earnings of films Dear Zindagi, Kahaani 2: Durga Rani Singh and Befikre that were released around this time were significantly affected, and their corresponding producers had handed out limited prints to single-screen theatres, to keep losses at a minimum.[183]
However, that neither of the two affected the performance of Dangal was evident in that the online ticketing platform BookMyShow hit its fastest one million tickets booked before the release. An average occupancy of over 60 per cent was reported on the first few days in multiplexes.[184] The film performed well on single-screen theatres as well that saw a surge, after two consecutive years of fall in business accentuated further by the demonetisation exercise.[185][186] The film proved to be an end to the "dry spell" to cinemas across India.[187] On 25 December, its third day from release, it earned ₹42.35 crore in India, setting a record for the highest ever single-day earning.[188] After strong performance over its first two weeks, it emerged as the highest-grossing Indian film beating PK over its third weekend.[189]
China
Dangal performed particularly well in China. This was attributed partly to Khan's popularity in China owing to the success of his previous films 3 Idiots (2009) and PK (2014) there.[190] When 3 Idiots released in China, the country was only the 15th largest film market, partly due to China's widespread pirate DVD distribution at the time. However, it was the pirate market that introduced 3 Idiots to most Chinese audiences, becoming a cult hit in the country. It became China's 12th favourite film of all time, according to ratings on Chinese film review site Douban, with only one domestic Chinese film (Farewell My Concubine) ranked higher. Aamir Khan gained a large growing Chinese fanbase as a result. By 2013, China grew to become the world's second largest film market (after the United States), paving the way for Aamir Khan's Chinese box office success, with Dhoom 3 (2013), PK, and eventually Dangal.[191]
It was also reported that Chinese audiences could relate to the underlying social theme of Dangal in that it portrayed the success story of sisters in the backdrop of a patriarchal and gender inequal society, much like the conditions inherent in China.[192][193] Another factor was that the film filled a "vacuum" created by lack of interest among filmgoers due to "poor quality of domestic films" and China's ban on the "wildly popular" Korea dramas on television and streaming platforms due Korea's acceptance to the deployment of American THAAD missile defense system, in August 2016.[194][195] Consequently, an earning of between ₹200 crore and ₹300 crore was expected.[196] On the day of its release, 5 May 2017, Dangal had a screen share of 13.3 per cent with 30,000 screenings,[197] much lower than Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2, (43.9 per cent), the number one film for the previous week. On its fourth day, the first Monday, it rose to 17.7 per cent, and an occupancy rate of over 33 per cent was reported, as against a highest of 24.7 per cent for Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2.[198] Immediately after, aided by word-of-mouth publicity,[199][200] people reportedly thronged the theatres, and screenings were increased to 35,000 on the second Saturday and 55,000 the following day.[201] During the time, the film began trending in Sina Weibo.[92] The run continued into its third week with 2.7 million tickets sold on the Sunday.[162] As the film grossed ₹900 crore in the country on 29 May, Forbes wrote, "Dangal has inspired a simultaneous outpouring of pride, wonderment, and even disbelief in India's film community. No Indian movie has ever earned so much money, so quickly, in a market outside India."[194] With 27 per cent share in ticket sales, it was the highest earning film in China for the month.[202]
Awards and nominations
Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
Result
Ref(s)
Filmfare Awards
14 January 2017 Best Film Won [203]
Best Director Nitesh Tiwari Won
Best Actor Aamir Khan Won
Best Action Shyam Kaushal Won
News 18 Movie Awards
March 2017 Best Film Won [204]
Best Actor Aamir Khan Won
Best Lyricist Amitabh Bhattacharya Nominated
Best Director Nitesh Tiwari Won
Best Supporting Actress Zaira Wasim Won
Best Debut (Female) Fatima Sana Shaikh Won
Best Debut (Female) Sanya Malhotra Nominated
National Film Awards
3 May 2017 Best Supporting Actress Zaira Wasim Won [205]
See also
India portal
2010s portal
Film portal
Bollywood portal
Akhada: The Authorized Biography of Mahavir Singh Phogat published in January 2017.
Phogat sisters – the sibling group upon which the film was based
List of Bollywood films of 2016
List of highest-grossing Indian films
Notes
^ Jump up to: a b Dangal gross revenue breakdown:
China — ¥1,299.12 million[4] — ₹1,246.45 crore (US$190 million)[5]
Taiwan — ₹41 crore (US$6.4 million)[6]
Hong Kong — ₹23.1 crore (US$3.5 million)[7]
Rest of the world (including India and other territories) — ₹716 crore (US$110 million)[8]
Jump up ^ According to The Numbers, it collected a little over US$2 million,[147] while Bollywood Hungama claims it collected US$2.6 million[148] both over ₹12.65 crore.
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Jump up ^ Tartaglione, Nancy (20 December 2016). "Aamir Khan’s ‘Dangal’ To Receive Record North America Release Before India Bow". Deadline.com. Retrieved 21 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Groves, Don (22 December 2016). "Hefty North American Debut For Aamir Khan's True-Life Drama 'Dangal'". Forbes. Retrieved 21 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Ghosh, Samrudhi (9 May 2017). "Will Baahubali 2 box office collection suffer due to Dangal's fresh lease of life?". India Today. Retrieved 21 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Baahubali 2 surpasses Aamir Khan's Dangal at US box office". Firstpost. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 21 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Box Office: Dangal grosses 32.28 mil. AED at the U.A.E/G.C.C box office". Bollywood Hungama News Network. 6 February 2017. Archived from the original on 21 May 2017. Retrieved 21 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Groves, Don (25 December 2016). "Aamir Khan Over-Delivers In Hindi Drama 'Dangal' Despite Rampant Piracy". Forbes. Retrieved 21 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Australia Box Office for Dangal (2016)". the-numbers.com. Retrieved 21 May 2017.
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Jump up ^ "Box Office: Dangal sets a new record, becomes All Time Highest Grosser at the Australia box office". Bollywood Hungama News Network. 3 January 2017. Archived from the original on 21 May 2017. Retrieved 21 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Weekend New Zealand Chart for January 20th, 2017 (USD)". the-numbers.com. Archived from the original on 21 May 2017. Retrieved 21 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Dangal box office collection day 30: Aamir Khan film earns Rs 378.24 cr". The Indian Express. 22 January 2017. Retrieved 21 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "‘Alien: Covenant’ Adds $30M In 2nd Frame; ‘Dangal’ Pins $100M+ In China; ‘Guardians 2’ At $733M WW – International Box Office".
Jump up ^ Lee, Wendy (11 May 2017). "India-Taipei Association holds special screening of latest blockbuster ‘Dangal’". Taiwan News. Archived from the original on 22 May 2017. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Groves, Don (14 May 2017). "'Baahubali 2' Eclipses New Releases In India While 'Dangal' Conquers China". Forbes. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "'Dangal' becomes highest grossing Indian movie in China". China Daily. 10 May 2017. Retrieved 11 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Indian film "Dangal" becomes hit in China". Xinhua News Agency. 16 May 2017. Retrieved 21 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Box Office: Aamir Khan’s Dangal crosses 300 crores at the China box office on Day 9". Bollywood Hungama News Network. 13 May 2017. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Ghosh, Devarsi (14 May 2017). "Aamir Khan-starrer Dangal's China box-office collection will cross its Indian box-office collection". India Today. Archived from the original on 14 May 2017. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "China Box Office May 12–14, 2017". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on 20 May 2017. Retrieved 20 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Iyengar, Rishi; Wang, Serenitie; Suri, Manveena (19 May 2017). "Bollywood wrestling movie is crushing 'Guardians' in China". CNN. Retrieved 20 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "'Dangal' Becomes China's Biggest Non-Hollywood Foreign Film". Associated Press. Bloomberg. 23 May 2017. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Groves, Don (21 May 2017). "'Dangal' Set To Overtake 'Baahubali 2' Globally While 'Half Girlfriend' Triumphs In India". Forbes. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Cain, Rob (31 May 2017). "'Dangal' Pins Down 1,000 Crore Rs / $154 mm To Become China's Leggiest Movie Ever". Forbes. Retrieved 1 June 2017.
Jump up ^ "Dangal: China's Leggiest Film Ever - China Film Insider". 7 June 2017.
Jump up ^ Cain, Rob. "'Dangal', A Fierce Contender In China, Refuses To Drop Out Of Box Office Top 10".
Jump up ^ "摔跤吧！爸爸 - 猫眼电影 - 一网打尽好电影". Maoyan.com.
Jump up ^ 'Dangal' Slams 'Monkey King,' 'Captain America' To Grab 17th Place On China's All-Time List, Forbes, 16 June 2017
^ Jump up to: a b 'Dangal' Makes More History In China, Joins List Of All-Time 20 Biggest Box Office Hits, Forbes, 9 June 2017
Jump up ^ Box Office: 'Dangal' Nears $300M, 'Baahubali' Slows, Forbes, 5 June 2017
Jump up ^ Dangal crosses 1150 Crore Mark in China: 38th Day (6th Sunday) Box Office Collection, Bollywood Folks, 11 June 2017
Jump up ^ "`Dangal,' Disney's `Pirates' Lead China Box-Office Gains in May". 1 June 2017 – via www.bloomberg.com.
Jump up ^ "Dangal box office: After Baahubali 2, Aamir Khan film surpasses xXx to become all-time fourth-highest grosser in China". 5 June 2017.
Jump up ^ Box Office: Dangal collects 390k USD (Rs. 2.51 cr.) on Day 52 in China; total collections Rs. 1210 cr, Bollywood Hungama, 26 June 2017
Jump up ^ Dangal's China success may have brought Aamir Khan a neat Rs 100 crore paycheque, Firstpost, 7 June 2017
Jump up ^ Cain, Rob. "Aamir Khan's China Paycheck For 'Dangal' Could Exceed Rs. 100 Crore / $15 MM".
Jump up ^ "Dangal: Aamir Khan starrer makes Rs 4 cr at Hong Kong box office over the weekend".
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Jump up ^ "Being tolerant? Twitterati slams Aamir Khan, wants to boycott Dangal". Hindustan Times. 26 January 2016. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
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Jump up ^ Bhuyan, Ragini (1 January 2017). "Dangal flexes muscles, investors hold fire and gold loses sheen". Livemint. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
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Jump up ^ Mangaldas, Leeza (19 May 2017). "Why Aamir Khan's Bollywood Blockbuster 'Dangal' Is Box-Office Gold In China". Forbes. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Cain, Rob (31 May 2017). "5 Key Reasons For 'Dangal's' Massive Success In China". Forbes. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
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Jump up ^ Mohan, Kshitiz (15 May 2017). "Dangal Takes China By Storm, Collects Around Rs 400 Crore In 2 Weeks". Businessworld. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Frater, Patrick (14 May 2017). "India’s ‘Dangal’ to Upset ‘Guardians’ at China Box Office". Variety. Archived from the original on 16 May 2017. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Ho, Prudence (1 June 2017). "`Dangal,' Disney's `Pirates' Lead China Box-Office Gains in May". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 1 June 2017.
Jump up ^ "Winners of the Filmfare Awards 2017". Filmfare. Archived from the original on 23 May 2017. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
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Jump up ^ "64th National Film Awards" (PDF) (Press release). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 1 June 2017.
External links
Dangal on IMDb
Dangal at Box Office Mojo
Dangal at Bollywood Hungama
Dangal at Rotten Tomatoes
[show]
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Filmfare Award for Best Film
1954–1975
Do Bigha Zamin (1954)
Boot Polish (1955)
Jagriti (1956)
Jhanak Jhanak Payal Baaje (1957)
Mother India (1958)
Madhumati (1959)
Sujata (1960)
Mughal-e-Azam (1961)
Jis Desh Men Ganga Behti Hai (1962)
Sahib Bibi Aur Ghulam (1963)
Bandini (1964)
Dosti (1965)
Himalay Ki Godmein (1966)
Guide (1967)
Upkar (1968)
Brahmachari (1969)
Aradhana (1970)
Khilona (1971)
Anand (1972)
Be-Imaan (1973)
Anuraag (1974)
Rajnigandha (1975)
1976–2000
Deewaar (1976)
Mausam (1977)
Bhumika (1978)
Main Tulsi Tere Aangan Ki (1979)
Junoon (1980)
Khubsoorat (1981)
Kalyug (1982)
Shakti (1983)
Ardh Satya (1984)
Sparsh (1985)
Ram Teri Ganga Maili (1986)
Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak (1989)
Maine Pyar Kiya (1990)
Ghayal (1991)
Lamhe (1992)
Jo Jeeta Wohi Sikandar (1993)
Hum Hain Rahi Pyar Ke (1994)
Hum Aapke Hain Koun..! (1995)
Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge (1996)
Raja Hindustani (1997)
Dil To Pagal Hai (1998)
Kuch Kuch Hota Hai (1999)
Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam (2000)
2001–present
Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai (2001)
Lagaan (2002)
Devdas (2003)
Koi... Mil Gaya (2004)
Veer-Zaara (2005)
Black (2006)
Rang De Basanti (2007)
Taare Zameen Par (2008)
Jodhaa Akbar (2009)
3 Idiots (2010)
Dabangg (2011)
Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara (2012)
Barfi! (2013)
Bhaag Milkha Bhaag (2014)
Queen (2015)
Bajirao Mastani (2016)
Dangal (2017)
[show]
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Aamir Khan
Director
Taare Zameen Par (2007)
Producer
Lagaan (2001)
Taare Zameen Par (2007)
Jaane Tu Ya Jaane Na (2008)
Peepli Live (2010)
Dhobi Ghat (2011)
Delhi Belly (2011)
Talaash: The Answer Lies Within (2012)
Dangal (2016)
Secret Superstar (2017)
TV show
Satyamev Jayate
Related articles
Awards
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Aamir Khan Productions
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text:
Pulitzer Prize for Poetry
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The Pulitzer Prize for Poetry is one of the seven American Pulitzer Prizes that are annually awarded for Letters, Drama, and Music. It has been presented since 1922 for a distinguished volume of original verse by an American author, published during the preceding calendar year.
Finalists have been announced since 1980, ordinarily two others beside the winner.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 1918 and 1919 special prizes
2 Winners
2.1 1920s
2.2 1930s
2.3 1940s
2.4 1950s
2.5 1960s
2.6 1970s
2.7 1980s
2.8 1990s
2.9 2000s
2.10 2010s
3 Repeat winners
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
1918 and 1919 special prizes[edit]
The 1918 and 1919 Pulitzers included Special Citations for poetry books, "made possible by a special grant from The Poetry Society", which the Pulitzer program now lists as Poetry prizes.[1] See Special Pulitzers for Letters.
1918, Sara Teasdale
1919, Carl Sandburg
1919, Margaret Widdemer
Winners[edit]
In its first 92 years to 2013, the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry was awarded 92 times. Two were given in 2008, none in 1946.[1] Robert Frost won the prize four times and several others won it more than once (below).
1920s[edit]
1922: Collected Poems by Edwin Arlington Robinson
1923: The Ballad of the Harp-Weaver: A Few Figs from Thistles: Eight Sonnets in American Poetry, 1922. A Miscellany by Edna St. Vincent Millay
1924: New Hampshire: A Poem with Notes and Grace Notes by Robert Frost
1925: The Man Who Died Twice by Edwin Arlington Robinson
1926: What's O'Clock by Amy Lowell
1927: Fiddler's Farewell by Leonora Speyer
1928: Tristram by Edwin Arlington Robinson
1929: John Brown's Body by Stephen Vincent Benét
1930s[edit]
1930: Selected Poems by Conrad Aiken
1931: Collected Poems by Robert Frost
1932: The Flowering Stone by George Dillon
1933: Conquistador by Archibald MacLeish
1934: Collected Verse by Robert Hillyer
1935: Bright Ambush by Audrey Wurdemann
1936: Strange Holiness by Robert P. T. Coffin
1937: A Further Range by Robert Frost
1938: Cold Morning Sky by Marya Zaturenska
1939: Selected Poems by John Gould Fletcher
1940s[edit]
1940: Collected Poems by Mark Van Doren
1941: Sunderland Capture by Leonard Bacon
1942: The Dust Which Is God by William Rose Benét
1943: A Witness Tree by Robert Frost
1944: Western Star by Stephen Vincent Benét
1945: V-Letter and Other Poems by Karl Shapiro
1946: no award given
1947: Lord Weary's Castle by Robert Lowell
1948: The Age of Anxiety by W. H. Auden
1949: Terror and Decorum by Peter Viereck
1950s[edit]
1950: Annie Allen by Gwendolyn Brooks
1951: Complete Poems by Carl Sandburg
1952: Collected Poems by Marianne Moore
1953: Collected Poems 1917–1952 by Archibald MacLeish
1954: The Waking by Theodore Roethke
1955: Collected Poems by Wallace Stevens
1956: Poems: North & South - A Cold Spring by Elizabeth Bishop
1957: Things of This World by Richard Wilbur
1958: Promises: Poems 1954-1956 by Robert Penn Warren
1959: Selected Poems 1928-1958 by Stanley Kunitz
1960s[edit]
1960: Heart's Needle by W. D. Snodgrass
1961: Times Three: Selected Verse From Three Decades by Phyllis McGinley
1962: Poems by Alan Dugan
1963: Pictures from Brueghel by William Carlos Williams
1964: At The End Of The Open Road by Louis Simpson
1965: 77 Dream Songs by John Berryman
1966: Selected Poems by Richard Eberhart
1967: Live or Die by Anne Sexton
1968: The Hard Hours by Anthony Hecht
1969: Of Being Numerous by George Oppen
1970s[edit]
1970: Untitled Subjects by Richard Howard
1971: The Carrier of Ladders by William S. Merwin
1972: Collected Poems by James Wright
1973: Up Country by Maxine Kumin
1974: The Dolphin by Robert Lowell
1975: Turtle Island by Gary Snyder
1976: Self-portrait in a Convex Mirror by John Ashbery
1977: Divine Comedies by James Merrill
1978: Collected Poems by Howard Nemerov
1979: Now and Then by Robert Penn Warren
1980s[edit]
1980: Selected Poems by Donald Justice
1981: The Morning of the Poem by James Schuyler
1982: The Collected Poems by Sylvia Plath
1983: Selected Poems by Galway Kinnell
1984: American Primitive by Mary Oliver
1985: Yin by Carolyn Kizer
1986: The Flying Change by Henry S. Taylor
1987: Thomas and Beulah by Rita Dove
1988: Partial Accounts: New and Selected Poems by William Meredith
1989: New and Collected Poems by Richard Wilbur
1990s[edit]
1990: The World Doesn't End by Charles Simic
1991: Near Changes by Mona Van Duyn
1992: Selected Poems by James Tate
1993: The Wild Iris by Louise Glück
1994: Neon Vernacular: New and Selected Poems by Yusef Komunyakaa
1995: The Simple Truth by Philip Levine
1996: The Dream of the Unified Field by Jorie Graham
1997: Alive Together: New and Selected Poems by Lisel Mueller
1998: Black Zodiac by Charles Wright
1999: Blizzard of One by Mark Strand
2000s[edit]
2000: Repair by C. K. Williams
2001: Different Hours by Stephen Dunn
2002: Practical Gods by Carl Dennis
2003: Moy Sand and Gravel by Paul Muldoon
2004: Walking to Martha's Vineyard by Franz Wright
2005: Delights & Shadows by Ted Kooser
2006: Late Wife by Claudia Emerson
2007: Native Guard by Natasha Trethewey
2008: Time and Materials by Robert Hass
2008: Failure by Philip Schultz
2009: The Shadow of Sirius by W. S. Merwin
2010s[edit]
2010: Versed by Rae Armantrout
2011: The Best of It: New and Selected Poems by Kay Ryan
2012: Life on Mars by Tracy K. Smith
2013: Stag's Leap by Sharon Olds
2014: 3 Sections by Vijay Seshadri
2015: Digest by Gregory Pardlo
2016: Ozone Journal by Peter Balakian
2017: Olio by Tyehimba Jess
Repeat winners[edit]
Robert Frost won the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry four times from 1924 to 1943. Edwin Arlington Robinson won three prizes during the 1920s and several people have won two.
Edwin Arlington Robinson, 1922, 1925, 1928
Robert Frost, 1924, 1931, 1937, 1943
Stephen Vincent Benét, 1929, 1944
Archibald MacLeish, 1933, 1953
Robert Lowell, 1947, 1974
Richard Wilbur, 1957, 1989
Robert Penn Warren, 1958, 1979
William S. Merwin, 1971, 2009
Carl Sandburg won one of the special prizes for his poetry in 1919 and won the Poetry Pulitzer in 1951.
See also[edit]
Poetry portal
American poetry
List of poetry awards
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c "Poetry". The Pulitzer Prizes (pulitzer.org). Retrieved 2009-05-26.
External links[edit]
Media related to Pulitzer Prize for Poetry winners at Wikimedia Commons
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[show]
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Pulitzer Prize for Poetry
1922–1950
Edwin Arlington Robinson (1922)
Edna St. Vincent Millay (1923)
Robert Frost (1924)
Edwin Arlington Robinson (1925)
Amy Lowell (1926)
Leonora Speyer (1927)
Edwin Arlington Robinson (1928)
Stephen Vincent Benét (1929)
Conrad Aiken (1930)
Robert Frost (1931)
George Dillon (1932)
Archibald MacLeish (1933)
Robert Hillyer (1934)
Audrey Wurdemann (1935)
Robert P. T. Coffin (1936)
Robert Frost (1937)
Marya Zaturenska (1938)
John Gould Fletcher (1939)
Mark Van Doren (1940)
Leonard Bacon (1941)
William Rose Benét (1942)
Robert Frost (1943)
Stephen Vincent Benét (1944)
Karl Shapiro (1945)
Robert Lowell (1947)
W. H. Auden (1948)
Peter Viereck (1949)
Gwendolyn Brooks (1950)
1951–1975
Carl Sandburg (1951)
Marianne Moore (1952)
Archibald MacLeish (1953)
Theodore Roethke (1954)
Wallace Stevens (1955)
Elizabeth Bishop (1956)
Richard Wilbur (1957)
Robert Penn Warren (1958)
Stanley Kunitz (1959)
W. D. Snodgrass (1960)
Phyllis McGinley (1961)
Alan Dugan (1962)
William Carlos Williams (1963)
Louis Simpson (1964)
John Berryman (1965)
Richard Eberhart (1966)
Anne Sexton (1967)
Anthony Hecht (1968)
George Oppen (1969)
Richard Howard (1970)
William S. Merwin (1971)
James Wright (1972)
Maxine Kumin (1973)
Robert Lowell (1974)
Gary Snyder (1975)
1976–2000
John Ashbery (1976)
James Merrill (1977)
Howard Nemerov (1978)
Robert Penn Warren (1979)
Donald Justice (1980)
James Schuyler (1981)
Sylvia Plath (1982)
Galway Kinnell (1983)
Mary Oliver (1984)
Carolyn Kizer (1985)
Henry S. Taylor (1986)
Rita Dove (1987)
William Meredith (1988)
Richard Wilbur (1989)
Charles Simic (1990)
Mona Van Duyn (1991)
James Tate (1992)
Louise Glück (1993)
Yusef Komunyakaa (1994)
Philip Levine (1995)
Jorie Graham (1996)
Lisel Mueller (1997)
Charles Wright (1998)
Mark Strand (1999)
C. K. Williams (2000)
2001–2025
Stephen Dunn (2001)
Carl Dennis (2002)
Paul Muldoon (2003)
Franz Wright (2004)
Ted Kooser (2005)
Claudia Emerson (2006)
Natasha Trethewey (2007)
Robert Hass / Philip Schultz (2008)
W. S. Merwin (2009)
Rae Armantrout (2010)
Kay Ryan (2011)
Tracy K. Smith (2012)
Sharon Olds (2013)
Vijay Seshadri (2014)
Gregory Pardlo (2015)
Peter Balakian (2016)
Tyehimba Jess (2017)
Complete list
(1922–1950)
(1951–1975)
(1976–2000)
(2001–2025)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pulitzer_Prize_for_Poetry&oldid=813109836"
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Shadow zone
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For other uses, see Shadowzone (disambiguation).
Seismic shadow zone (from USGS)
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A seismic shadow zone is an area of the Earth's surface where seismographs can only barely[1] detect an earthquake after its seismic waves have passed through the Earth. When an earthquake occurs, seismic waves radiate out spherically from the earthquake's focus. The primary seismic waves are refracted by the liquid outer core of the Earth and are not detected between 104° and 140° (between approximately 11,570 and 15,570 km or 7,190 and 9,670 mi) from the epicenter. The secondary seismic waves cannot pass through the liquid outer core and are not detected more than 104° (approximately 11,570 km or 7,190 mi) from the epicenter.[2][3] P waves that have been converted to s-waves on leaving the outer core may be detected beyond 140 degrees.
The reason for this is that the velocity for P-waves and S-waves is governed by both the different properties in the material which they travel through and the different mathematical relationships they share in each case. The three properties are: incompressibility ( k {\displaystyle k} ), density ( p {\displaystyle p} ) and rigidity ( u {\displaystyle u} ). P-wave velocity is equal to ( k + 4 3 u ) / p {\displaystyle {\sqrt {(k+{\tfrac {4}{3}}u)/p}}} whereas S-wave velocity is equal to ( u / p ) {\displaystyle {\sqrt {(u/p)}}} and so S-wave velocity is entirely dependent on the rigidity of the material it travels through. Liquids, however, have zero rigidity, hence always making the S-wave velocity overall zero and as such S-waves lose all velocity when travelling through a liquid. P-waves, however, are only partially dependent on rigidity and as such still maintain some velocity (if greatly reduced) when travelling through a liquid.[4] Analysis of the seismology of various recorded earthquakes and their shadow zones, led geologist Richard Oldham to deduce in 1906 the liquid nature of the Earth's outer core.[5]
See also[edit]
Seismic wave
Ray tracing (physics)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Planet Interiors".
Jump up ^ "Earthquake Glossary - shadow zone". USGS. Retrieved May 8, 2011.
Jump up ^ "PX266 Geophysics - Extra Material - Seismic shadow zones". University of Warwick. Retrieved May 8, 2011.
Jump up ^ Armstrong, D.; Mugglestone, F.; Richards, R.; Stratton, F. (2008). "OCR AS and A2 Geology". Pearson Education: 14.
Jump up ^ Bragg, William (1936). "Tribute to Deceased Fellows of the Royal Society". Science. American Association for the Advancement of Science. 84 (2190): 544. Bibcode:1936Sci....84..539B. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 17834950. doi:10.1126/science.84.2190.539.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shadow_zone&oldid=800126969"
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