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Telnet
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Not to be confused with Telenet.
For the Telnet gateway to Wikimedia content, see meta:Telnet gateway
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Telnet is a protocol used on the Internet or local area network to provide a bidirectional interactive text-oriented communication facility using a virtual terminal connection. User data is interspersed in-band with Telnet control information in an 8-bit byte oriented data connection over the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP).
Telnet was developed in 1969 beginning with RFC 15, extended in RFC 854, and standardized as Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Internet Standard STD 8, one of the first Internet standards. The name stands for "teletype network".[1][2]
Historically, Telnet provided access to a command-line interface (usually, of an operating system) on a remote host, including most network equipment and operating systems with a configuration utility (including systems based on Windows NT).[clarification needed] However, because of serious security concerns when using Telnet over an open network such as the Internet, its use for this purpose has waned significantly in favor of SSH.
The term telnet is also used to refer to the software that implements the client part of the protocol. Telnet client applications are available for virtually all computer platforms. Telnet is also used as a verb. To telnet means to establish a connection using the Telnet protocol, either with command line client or with a programmatic interface. For example, a common directive might be: "To change your password, telnet into the server, log in and run the passwd command." Most often, a user will be telnetting to a Unix-like server system or a network device (such as a router) and obtaining a login prompt to a command line text interface or a character-based full-screen manager.
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History and standards[edit]
Telnet is a client-server protocol, based on a reliable connection-oriented transport. Typically, this protocol is used to establish a connection to Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) port number 23, where a Telnet server application (telnetd) is listening. Telnet, however, predates TCP/IP and was originally run over Network Control Program (NCP) protocols.
Even though Telnet was an ad hoc protocol with no official definition until March 5, 1973,[3] the name actually referred to Teletype Over Network Protocol as the RFC 206 (NIC 7176) on Telnet makes the connection clear:[4]
The TELNET protocol is based upon the notion of a virtual teletype, employing a 7-bit ASCII character set. The primary function of a User TELNET, then, is to provide the means by which its users can 'hit' all the keys on that virtual teletype.[5]
Essentially, it used an 8-bit channel to exchange 7-bit ASCII data. Any byte with the high bit set was a special Telnet character. On March 5, 1973, a Telnet protocol standard was defined at UCLA[6] with the publication of two NIC documents: Telnet Protocol Specification, NIC 15372, and Telnet Option Specifications, NIC 15373.
Many extensions were made for Telnet because of its negotiable options protocol architecture. Some of these extensions have been adopted as Internet standards, IETF documents STD 27 through STD 32. Some extensions have been widely implemented and others are proposed standards on the IETF standards track (see below) Telnet is best understood in the context of a user with a simple terminal using the local Telnet program (known as the client program) to run a logon session on a remote computer where the user's communications needs are handled by a Telnet server program.
Security[edit]
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When Telnet was initially developed in 1969, most users of networked computers were in the computer departments of academic institutions, or at large private and government research facilities. In this environment, security was not nearly as much a concern as it became after the bandwidth explosion of the 1990s. The rise in the number of people with access to the Internet, and by extension the number of people attempting to hack other people's servers, made encrypted alternatives necessary.
Experts in computer security, such as SANS Institute, recommend that the use of Telnet for remote logins should be discontinued under all normal circumstances, for the following reasons:
Telnet, by default, does not encrypt any data sent over the connection (including passwords), and so it is often feasible to eavesdrop on the communications and use the password later for malicious purposes; anybody who has access to a router, switch, hub or gateway located on the network between the two hosts where Telnet is being used can intercept the packets passing by and obtain login, password and whatever else is typed with a packet analyzer.
Most implementations of Telnet have no authentication that would ensure communication is carried out between the two desired hosts and not intercepted in the middle.
Several vulnerabilities have been discovered over the years in commonly used Telnet daemons.
These security-related shortcomings have seen the usage of the Telnet protocol drop rapidly,[7] especially on the public Internet, in favor of the Secure Shell (SSH) protocol, first released in 1995. SSH has practically replaced Telnet, and the older protocol is used these days only in rare cases to access decades old legacy equipment that does not support more modern protocols.[8] SSH provides much of the functionality of telnet, with the addition of strong encryption to prevent sensitive data such as passwords from being intercepted, and public key authentication, to ensure that the remote computer is actually who it claims to be. As has happened with other early Internet protocols, extensions to the Telnet protocol provide Transport Layer Security (TLS) security and Simple Authentication and Security Layer (SASL) authentication that address the above concerns. However, most Telnet implementations do not support these extensions; and there has been relatively little interest in implementing these as SSH is adequate for most purposes.
It is of note that there are a large number of industrial and scientific devices which have only Telnet available as a communication option. Some are built with only a standard RS-232 port and use a serial server hardware appliance to provide the translation between the TCP/Telnet data and the RS-232 serial data. In such cases, SSH is not an option unless the interface appliance can be configured for SSH.
Telnet 5250[edit]
IBM 5250 or 3270 workstation emulation is supported via custom telnet clients, TN5250/TN3270, and IBM servers. Clients and servers designed to pass IBM 5250 data streams over Telnet generally do support SSL encryption, as SSH does not include 5250 emulation. Under OS/400 (also known as IBM i), port 992 is the default port for secured telnet.[9]
Telnet data[edit]
All data octets except 0xff are transmitted over Telnet as is. (0xff, or 255 in decimal, is the IAC byte (Interpret As Command) which signals that the next byte is a telnet command. The command to insert 0xff into the stream is 0xff, so 0xff need to be escaped by doubling it when sending data over the telnet protocol.) Therefore, a Telnet client application may also be used to establish an interactive raw TCP session, and it is commonly believed that such session which does not use the IAC is functionally identical.[citation needed] This is not the case, however, because there are other network virtual terminal (NVT) rules, such as the requirement for a bare carriage return character (CR, ASCII 13) to be followed by a NUL (ASCII 0) character, that distinguish the telnet protocol from raw TCP sessions.[clarification needed] On the other hand, many systems now possess true raw TCP clients, such as netcat or socat on UNIX and PuTTY on Windows, which also can be used to manually "talk" to other services without specialized client software. Nevertheless, Telnet is still sometimes used in debugging network services such as SMTP, IRC, HTTP, FTP or POP3 servers, to issue commands to a server and examine the responses, but of all these protocols only FTP really uses Telnet data format.
Another difference of Telnet from a raw TCP session is that Telnet is not 8-bit clean by default. 8-bit mode may be negotiated, but high-bit-set octets may be garbled until this mode is requested, and it will not be requested in non-Telnet connection. The 8-bit mode (so named binary option) is intended to transmit binary data, not characters though. The standard suggests the interpretation of codes 0000–0176 as ASCII, but does not offer any meaning for high-bit-set data octets. There was an attempt to introduce a switchable character encoding support like HTTP has,[10] but nothing is known about its actual software support.
Related RFCs[edit]
Internet Standards[edit]
RFC 854, Telnet Protocol Specification
RFC 855, Telnet Option Specifications
RFC 856, Telnet Binary Transmission
RFC 857, Telnet Echo Option
RFC 858, Telnet Suppress Go Ahead Option
RFC 859, Telnet Status Option
RFC 860, Telnet Timing Mark Option
RFC 861, Telnet Extended Options: List Option
Proposed Standards[edit]
RFC 885, Telnet end of record option
RFC 1073, Telnet Window Size Option
RFC 1079, Telnet terminal speed option
RFC 1091, Telnet terminal-type option
RFC 1096, Telnet X display location option
RFC 1123, Requirements for Internet Hosts - Application and Support
RFC 1184, Telnet Linemode Option
RFC 1372, Telnet Remote Flow Control Option
RFC 1572, Telnet Environment Option
RFC 2941, Telnet Authentication Option
RFC 2942, Telnet Authentication: Kerberos Version 5
RFC 2943, TELNET Authentication Using DSA
RFC 2944, Telnet Authentication: SRP
RFC 2946, Telnet Data Encryption Option
RFC 4248, The telnet URI Scheme
Informational/experimental[edit]
RFC 1143, The Q Method of Implementing TELNET Option Negotiation
RFC 1571, Telnet Environment Option Interoperability Issues
Other RFCs[edit]
RFC 1041, Telnet 3270 regime option
RFC 1205, 5250 Telnet interface
RFC 2217, Telnet Com Port Control Option
RFC 4777, IBM's iSeries Telnet Enhancements
Telnet clients[edit]
PuTTY and plink command line are a free, open-source SSH, Telnet, rlogin, and raw TCP client for Windows, Linux, and Unix.
AbsoluteTelnet is a telnet client for Windows. It also supports SSH and SFTP,
RUMBA (Terminal Emulator)
Line Mode Browser, a command line web browser
NCSA Telnet
TeraTerm
SecureCRT from Van Dyke Software
ZOC Terminal
SyncTERM BBS terminal program supporting Telnet, SSHv2, RLogin, Serial, Windows, *nix, and Mac OS X platforms, X/Y/ZMODEM and various BBS terminal emulations
NetRunner BBS telnet client for ANSI-BBS. Uses a modern SDL2-based emulation engine to provide very accurate and clear emulation of DOS and Amiga systems. Available for Linux and Windows.
PowerTerm InterConnect from Ericom available for Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, Windows CE and supports 35 terminal emulation types including TN3270, TN5250, VT420, Wyse and others with SSH and SSL.
Rtelnet is a SOCKS client version of Telnet, providing similar functionality of telnet to those hosts which are behind firewall and NAT.
Inetutils includes a telnet client and server and is installed by default on many GNU/Linux distributions.
telnet.exe command line utility included in default installation of many version of Microsoft Windows OS.
Telnet libraries[edit]
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Telnet Secure (TELNETS) support
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go-telnet[11][12] Yes Yes Yes *BSD, GNU/Linux, macOS, Windows MIT Go
libtelnet[13] Yes Yes No *BSD, GNU/Linux, macOS, Windows public domain C
telnetlib[14] Yes No No *BSD, GNU/Linux, macOS, Windows PSFL Python
Name
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Server support
Telnet Secure (TELNETS) support
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See also[edit]
Banner grabbing
Virtual terminal
Reverse telnet
HyTelnet
Kermit
SSH
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Andrew Wheen. Dot-dash to Dot.Com: How Modern Telecommunications Evolved from the Telegraph to the Internet. Springer, 2011. p. 132. ISBN 9781441967596.
Jump up ^ Christoph Meinel; Harald Sack. Internetworking: Technological Foundations and Applications. X.media.publishing, 2013. p. 57. ISBN 3642353916.
Jump up ^ RFC 318 — documentation of old ad hoc telnet protocol
Jump up ^ Garth O. Bruen. WHOIS Running the Internet: Protocol, Policy, and Privacy. Wiley, 1st edition (November 2, 2015). p. 25. ISBN 9781118679555.
Jump up ^ The RFC 206 (NIC 7176), 9 August 1971; Computer Research Lab, UCSB; J. White.
Jump up ^ RFC 495 — announcement of Telnet protocol
Jump up ^ Poulsen, Kevin (2 April 2007). "Telnet, dead at 35...RIP". Wired. April 2007 (2007-04): 24. Retrieved 14 June 2017.
Jump up ^ Ylonen, Tatu. "History of the SSH Protocol". SSH home page. SSH Communications Security, Inc. Retrieved 14 June 2017.
Jump up ^ "IBM TCP/IP Ports Required for Access for Windows and Related Functions - United States". www-01.ibm.com. IBM Technote.
Jump up ^ RFC 2066 — TELNET CHARSET Option
Jump up ^ go-telnet repository
Jump up ^ go-telnet documentation
Jump up ^ libtelnet repository
Jump up ^ telnetlib documentation
External links[edit]
Telnet Options — the official list of assigned option numbers at iana.org
Telnet Interactions Described as a Sequence Diagram
Telnet configuration
Telnet protocol description, with NVT reference
Microsoft TechNet:Telnet commands
TELNET: The Mother of All (Application) Protocols
Troubleshoot Telnet Errors in Windows Operating System
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text:
The Bells (poem)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
First two pages of Poe's handwritten manuscript for "The Bells", 1848
Additional stanzas of Poe's handwritten manuscript for "The Bells", 1848.
"The Bells" is a heavily onomatopoeic poem by Edgar Allan Poe which was not published until after his death in 1849. It is perhaps best known for the diacopic use of the word "bells." The poem has four parts to it; each part becomes darker and darker as the poem progresses from "the jingling and the tinkling" of the bells in part 1 to the "moaning and the groaning" of the bells in part 4.
Contents
[hide]
1 Analysis
2 Critical response
3 Publication history
4 Adaptations
5 References
6 External links
Analysis[edit]
This poem can be interpreted in many different ways, the most basic of which is simply a reflection of the sounds that bells can make, and the emotions evoked from that sound. For example, "From the bells bells bells bells/Bells bells bells!" brings to mind the clamoring of myriad church bells. Several deeper interpretations exist as well. One is that the poem is a representation of life from the nimbleness of youth to the pain of age. Growing despair is emphasized alongside the growing frenzy in the tone of the poem.[1] Another is the passing of the seasons, from spring to winter. The passing of the seasons is often used as a metaphor for life itself. The poem also suggests a Poe theme of mourning over a lost wife, courted in sledge, married and then killed in a fire as the husband looks on. The tolling of the iron bells reflects the final madness of the grief-stricken husband.[citation needed]
The sounds of the verses, specifically the repetitive "bells, bells, bells, bells, bells, bells, bells," lie on a narrow line between sense and nonsense, causing a feeling of instability.[2] Poe uses the word "tintinnabulation", apparently a coinage of his own, based on the Latin word for "bell", tintinnabulum.[3] The series of "bells" echo the imagined sounds of the various bells, from the silver bells following the klip-klop of the horses, to the "dong, ding-dong" of the swinging golden and iron bells, to screeching "whee-aaah" of the brazen bells. The series are always four, followed by three, always beginning and ending on a stressed syllable. The meter changes to iambic in the lines with repeated "bells," bringing the reader into their rhythm. Most of the poem is a more hurried trochaic tetrameter.[4]
The bells of which he writes are thought to be those he heard from Fordham University's bell tower, since Poe resided in the same neighborhood as that university. He also frequently strolled about Fordham's campus conversing with both the students and the Jesuits.[5]
Critical response[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (August 2008)
According to Poe biographer Jeffrey Meyers, "The Bells" is often criticized for being mechanical and forced.[6]
Publication history[edit]
Title page for publication of "The Bells" circa 1881.
Poe is believed to have written "The Bells" in May 1848 and submitted it three times to Sartain's Union Magazine, a magazine run by John Sartain, until it was finally accepted.[7] He was paid fifteen dollars for his work, though it was not published until after his death in the November 1849 issue. It was also published in the New York Tribune on the front page of its October 20, 1849 issue as "Poe's Last Poem".
Inspiration for the poem is often granted to Marie Louise Shew, a woman who had helped care for Poe's wife Virginia as she lay dying.[7] One day, as Shew was visiting Poe at his cottage in Fordham, New York, Poe needed to write a poem but had no inspiration. Shew allegedly heard ringing bells from afar and playfully suggested to start there, possibly even writing the first line of each stanza.[8]
Adaptations[edit]
Sergei Rachmaninoff (1873–1943) composed a choral symphony The Bells, Op. 35, based on a Russian adaptation of the poem by Konstantin Balmont. The symphony follows classical sonata form: first movement, slow movement, scherzo, and finale, thus honoring the poem's four sections.[9] (The work is sometimes performed in English, using not Poe's original, but a translation of Balmont's adaptation by Fanny S. Copeland.) The Scottish composer Hugh S. Roberton (1874–1947) published "Hear the Tolling of the Bells" (1909), "The Sledge Bells" (1909), and "Hear the Sledges with the Bells" (1919) based on Poe's poem.[10] Josef Holbrooke composed his "The Bells, Prelude, Op. 50" on Poe's poem, and American folksinger Phil Ochs composed a tune to the poem recorded on his album All the News That's Fit to Sing.
Eric Woolfson, musical partner to Alan Parsons in the Alan Parsons Project, has written two albums based on the writings of Poe. His second, Poe: More Tales of Mystery and Imagination includes a song entitled "The Bells", for which he set Poe's words to music. This album was also the basis for a musical stage production that was performed in England, Austria, and other European countries. Pink Floyd have referenced the poem in the last verse of their song "Time" on the album The Dark Side of the Moon (1973). In 1993 Danish composer Poul Ruders wrote a piece "The Bells" for high soprano and ten instruments, using Poe's text in its entirety although in Dutch.[11] The piece was premiered in London, and has appeared on a CD from Bridge Records, New York. MC Lars, a Nerdcore Hip hop musician sang a complete version of the poem on his 2012 Edgar Allan Poe EP titled "(Rock) The Bells". The song may be listened to freely on his Bandcamp page.[12]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Silverman, Kenneth. Edgar A. Poe: Mournful and Never-ending Remembrance. New York City: Harper Perennial, 1991. ISBN 0-06-092331-8 p. 403
Jump up ^ Rosenheim, Shawn James. The Cryptographic Imagination: Secret Writing from Edgar Poe to the Internet. The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997. p. 125. ISBN 978-0-8018-5332-6
Jump up ^ tintinnabulation, Oxford English Dictionary, Second edition, 1989; online version, December 2011; accessed 09 January 2012. Earlier version first published in New English Dictionary, 1912.
Jump up ^ http://www.shmoop.com/bells-poe/rhyme-form-meter.html
Jump up ^ Schroth, Raymond A. (2008). Fordham: A History and Memoir. New York: Fordham University Press. pp. 22–25. ISBN 9780823229772.
Jump up ^ Meyers, Jeffrey. Edgar Allan Poe: His Life and Legacy. Cooper Square Press, 1992. p. 223. ISBN 0-8154-1038-7
^ Jump up to: a b Sova, Dawn B. Edgar Allan Poe: A to Z. New York: Checkmark Books, 2001. p. 25. ISBN 0-8160-4161-X
Jump up ^ E. A. Poe Society of Baltimore
Jump up ^ AmericanSymphony.org Archived 2007-07-01 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Sova, Dawn B. Edgar Allan Poe: A to Z. New York: Checkmark Books, 2001. p. 212. ISBN 0-8160-4161-X
Jump up ^ The New Danes [Streaming Audio]. (n.d.). Bridge. Retrieved October 5, 2014, from Music Online: Classical Music Library.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-07-07. Retrieved 2015-07-20.
External links[edit]
Works related to The Bells at Wikisource
Scans from an 1881 edition with engraved illustrations by R. Riodan, Charles P. King, F.O.C. Darley, S. G. McCutcheon, A. Fredericks, and Granville Perkins
The Bells with audio reading
The Bells public domain audiobook at LibriVox
[hide]
v
t
e
Edgar Allan Poe
Bibliography
Poems
"Tamerlane" (1827)
"Al Aaraaf" (1829)
"Sonnet to Science" (1829)
"To Helen" (1831)
"The City in the Sea" (1831)
"The Haunted Palace" (1839)
"The Conqueror Worm" (1843)
"Lenore" (1843)
"Eulalie" (1843)
"The Raven" (1845)
"Ulalume" (1847)
"A Dream Within a Dream" (1849)
"Eldorado" (1849)
"The Bells" (1849)
"Annabel Lee" (1849)"
Tales
"Metzengerstein" (1832)
"Bon-Bon" (1832)
"MS. Found in a Bottle" (1833)
"Berenice" (1835)
"Morella" (1835)
"The Unparalleled Adventure of One Hans Pfaall" (1835)
"Ligeia" (1838)
"A Predicament" (1838)
"The Devil in the Belfry" (1839)
"The Man That Was Used Up" (1839)
"The Fall of the House of Usher" (1839)
"William Wilson" (1839)
"The Conversation of Eiros and Charmion" (1839)
"The Business Man" (1840)
"The Man of the Crowd" (1840)
"The Murders in the Rue Morgue" (1841)
"A Descent into the Maelström" (1841)
"Never Bet the Devil Your Head" (1841)
"Eleonora" (1841)
"The Oval Portrait" (1842)
"The Masque of the Red Death" (1842)
"The Mystery of Marie Rogêt" (1842)
"The Pit and the Pendulum" (1842)
"The Tell-Tale Heart" (1843)
"The Gold-Bug" (1843)
"The Black Cat" (1843)
"The Spectacles" (1844)
"A Tale of the Ragged Mountains" (1844)
"The Premature Burial" (1844)
"The Oblong Box" (1844)
"The Angel of the Odd" (1844)
"Thou Art the Man" (1844)
"The Purloined Letter" (1844)
"Some Words with a Mummy" (1845)
"The Thousand-and-Second Tale of Scheherazade" (1845)
"The Imp of the Perverse" (1845)
"The System of Doctor Tarr and Professor Fether" (1845)
"The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar" (1845)
"The Cask of Amontillado" (1846)
"Hop-Frog" (1849)
Essays
"Maelzel's Chess Player" (1836)
"The Philosophy of Furniture" (1840)
"Morning on the Wissahiccon" (1844)
"The Philosophy of Composition" (1846)
"The Poetic Principle" (1846)
Eureka: A Prose Poem (1848)
Novels
The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket (1837)
The Journal of Julius Rodman (1840)
Collections
Tamerlane and Other Poems (1827)
Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque (1840)
Play
Politian (1835)
Other
The Conchologist's First Book (1839)
The Balloon-Hoax (1844)
The Light-House (1849)
Related
Virginia Eliza Clemm Poe (wife)
Eliza Poe (mother)
David Poe Jr. (father)
William Henry Poe (brother)
Poe Museum
Poe Cottage
Edgar Allan Poe House and Museum
National Historic Site
The Penn magazine
Death
Edgar Award
In popular culture
film and television
music
Poe Toaster
Tales of Mystery & Imagination
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text:
Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Jake Kasdan
Produced by
Matt Tolmach
William Teitler
Screenplay by
Chris McKenna
Erik Sommers
Scott Rosenberg
Jeff Pinkner
Story by
Chris McKenna
Based on
Jumanji
by Chris Van Allsburg
Starring
Dwayne Johnson
Jack Black
Kevin Hart
Karen Gillan
Nick Jonas
Bobby Cannavale
Music by
Henry Jackman[1]
Cinematography
Gyula Pados
Edited by
Mark Helfrich
Steve Edwards
Production
company
Columbia Pictures[2]
Matt Tolmach Productions[2]
Radar Pictures[2]
Seven Bucks Productions[2]
Distributed by
Sony Pictures Releasing[2]
Release date
December 5, 2017 (2017-12-05) (Grand Rex)
December 20, 2017 (2017-12-20) (United States)
Running time
119 minutes[3]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$90–110 million[4]
Box office
$954.6 million[5]
Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle is a 2017 American adventure comedy film[3] directed by Jake Kasdan and written by Chris McKenna, Erik Sommers, Scott Rosenberg, and Jeff Pinkner based on a story by McKenna. Part of the Jumanji franchise, the film is a sequel to Jumanji (1995, based on the 1981 children's book of the same name by Chris Van Allsburg). It pays tribute to Robin Williams, star of the first film, by mentioning his character's name.[6] In addition, a replica of the board game piece used by Williams' character also appears as a clue for the Jumanji game's new players. The film stars Dwayne Johnson, Jack Black, Kevin Hart, Karen Gillan, Nick Jonas, and Bobby Cannavale. Set twenty-one years after Jumanji, it follows four teenagers who are transported into the video game world of Jumanji and play as their chosen characters. Joining another player, they must overcome the game's magical power to win and return home.
Principal photography began in Honolulu in September 2016 and ended in Atlanta in December. Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle premiered at the Grand Rex in Paris on December 5, 2017, and was theatrically released in the United States on December 20 in RealD 3D and IMAX. The film received generally positive reviews from critics, who called it a "pleasant surprise" and praised the cast.[7] It has grossed over $955 million worldwide, the fifth-highest-grossing film of 2017 and the 42nd-highest-grossing film of all time.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
2.1 Game
2.2 Reality
3 Production
3.1 Development
3.2 Filming
4 Release
4.1 Home media
5 Reception
5.1 Box office
5.2 Critical response
5.3 Accolades
6 Sequel
7 References
8 External links
Plot[edit]
In 1996 in Brantford, New Hampshire, teenager Alex Vreeke receives the Jumanji board game which was found by his father on a beach after it was thrown over a bridge by Alan Parrish and Sarah Whittle 27 years earlier. Alex sets the game aside. That night, it transforms into a video game cartridge which catches Alex's attention when he is awakened by the Jumanji drums and he is transported into the game.
Twenty years later, in 2016, four Brantford High School students serve detention: Spencer Gilpin, caught writing an essay for former friend Anthony "Fridge" Johnson (also in detention); Bethany Walker, who made a video call during an English-class quiz and Martha Kaply, who refused to participate in gym class. They are sent to the school basement to prepare magazines for recycling and to think about their future. Fridge discovers Alex's discarded video-game system when he explores the basement, and he and Spencer set up the game. Although it has five playable characters, the first one cannot be selected. Spencer and Fridge choose two characters, and the girls choose their own. When Spencer presses "Start", they are transported into the game.
They are in a jungle, in the forms of their game avatars. Spencer is tough, muscular explorer and archaeologist Smolder Bravestone; Fridge is diminutive zoologist Franklin "Mouse" Finbar, whom he chose after misreading "Mouse" as "Moose"; Bethany is chubby male cartographer and intellectual Sheldon "Shelly" Oberon (whose nickname she mistook for a woman's), and Martha is beautiful commando and martial arts expert Ruby Roundhouse. They each have three lives; Spencer deduces that if they lose all three, they really die.
They learn the game's story from NPC Nigel: corrupt archeologist Russel Van Pelt stole the Jaguar's Eye (a magic jewel) from its shrine, cursing Jumanji. Nigel escaped Van Pelt with the jewel, and the players must return it to a jaguar statue and call "Jumanji" to lift the curse. Nigel warns them that Van Pelt will stop at nothing to retrieve the jewel, which gives him control of Jumanji's animals. They begin tackling the game's increasingly-difficult "levels", losing lives as they do so. The four are rescued by Alex (the missing fifth player, whose avatar is pilot Jefferson "Seaplane" McDonough). Taking shelter in a jungle house built by Alan Parrish, Alex believes that he has been in the game for a few months and is distressed to learn that it is really twenty years. The newcomers vow to help him return home. They break into a transportation shed, commandeering a helicopter to fly to the jaguar statue and return the jewel, but Fridge drops the jewel into a herd of white rhinoceros. Spencer uses one of Fridge's lives, pushing him out of the helicopter as a distraction, and retrieves the jewel. Alex loses his last life when a mosquito bites him, but Bethany performs CPR and transfers one of her lives to him.
At the statue, the players are surrounded by a pack of jaguars and Van Pelt's forces. They outmaneuver their opposition while Spencer and Martha race to the statue. Van Pelt confronts Martha (trapped in a pit of mambas) and demands the jewel, but she sacrifices one of her lives to re-spawn and get it to Spencer. With the players on their last lives, they end the game with Van Pelt disintegrating into a bunch of rats and return to the real world; Nigel bids them farewell, but Alex does not appear with them. They find the formerly-dilapidated Vreeke home restored and decorated for a Christmas family gathering. An adult Alex arrives, returning to where he left off in 1996. Now married with children, he named his eldest daughter after Bethany out of gratitude for saving his life and introduces them to his infant son, Andy.
Spencer and Fridge reconcile, Bethany begins caring for others than herself and plans a summer backpacking adventure, Martha and Spencer become romantically involved and the four are now friends after their experiences in the game. When they hear Jumanji's drumbeats, they bring the game behind the school and Fridge destroys it with a bowling ball (also found in detention) to prevent anyone from playing it again.
Cast[edit]
Dwayne Johnson as Smolder Bravestone, an Indiana Jones-like archaeologist and explorer who is Spencer's avatar; he is the leader of his team.
Alex Wolff as Spencer Gilpin, a nerdy gamer at Brantford High School. Panphobic; his experience as Smolder Bravestone helps him cope with his anxiety and develop assertiveness.
Jack Black as Sheldon "Shelly" Oberon, a cartographer, cryptographer, archaeologist, and paleontologist who is Bethany's avatar.
Madison Iseman as Bethany Walker, a pretty, popular, self-centered teenage girl at Brantford High School
Kevin Hart as Franklin "Mouse" Finbar, a zoologist and weapons specialist who is Fridge's avatar.
Ser'Darius Blain as Anthony "Fridge" Johnson, a Brantford High School football jock coasting on his athletic prowess who cares more about dating than studying.
Karen Gillan as Ruby Roundhouse, a Lara Croft-like commando, martial artist, and dance fighter who is Martha's avatar.
Morgan Turner as Martha Kaply, a shy and cynical intellectual at Brantford High School who believes that physical education is needless and dislikes popular peers like Bethany and Fridge
Nick Jonas as Jefferson "Seaplane" McDonough, a young aircraft pilot in Jumanji who is Alex Vreeke's avatar[8]
Mason Guccione as Alex Vreeke, a teenage gamer who played (and was trapped inside) the Jumanji video game for 20 years. Colin Hanks plays the adult Alex when he appears 20 years later.
Game[edit]
Bobby Cannavale as Russel Van Pelt, a former archeologist-turned-mercenary and an enemy of Smolder Bravestone. He tries to retrieve the Jaguar's Eye, whose power possesses him.
Rhys Darby as Nigel Billingsley, the main guide
William Tokarsky as a food vendor
Rohan Chand as a young guide at the bazaar
Reality[edit]
Marc Evan Jackson as Principal Bentley, who makes Spencer, Bethany, Fridge, and Martha clean up the basement as part of their detention
Carlease Burke as Miss Mathers, Spencer and Fridge's U.S. History teacher
Sean Buxton as Alex's father, who discovered the Jumanji game
Tim Matheson (uncredited) as Old Man Vreeke, the older Alex's father. His narration at the beginning of the film implies that seeing his son teleported into the game had traumatized him. After Alex's return to 1996 alters history, he is a happy family man and grandfather.
Maribeth Monroe as Bethany's English teacher
Missi Pyle as Coach Webb, Martha's gym teacher
Kat Altman as Lucinda, Bethany's friend
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
In July 2012, rumors circulated that a remake of Jumanji was in development. In an interview with The Hollywood Reporter, Columbia Pictures president Doug Belgrad said: "We're going to try and reimagine Jumanji and update it for the present."[9] On August 1, 2012, it was confirmed that Matthew Tolmach would produce the new version with William Teitler (who produced the original film).[10]
In August 2015, Sony Pictures Entertainment announced that the film was scheduled for release on December 25, 2016.[11] Online reception to the news was negative, with some saying that the announcement came too soon after the August 2014 death of Robin Williams (who played Alan Parrish in the original film).[12][13] The announcement was criticized by Bradley Pierce (who played Peter Shepherd in Jumanji) and by E! News, which called the remake "unnecessary and kind of insulting".[14][15] On October 23, 2015 Scott Rosenberg was hired to rewrite the script for the film, whose production was a high priority for the studio.[16] On January 14, 2016, Deadline Hollywood reported that Jake Kasdan had been hired to direct the film from a script by Rosenberg and Jeff Pinkner based on a draft by original writers Chris McKenna and Erik Sommers.[17]
On April 15, Variety reported that Dwayne Johnson and Kevin Hart were in early talks to star in the film (although both actors had other projects).[18] Later in the month, Johnson confirmed his casting on Instagram.[19] In July, it was reported that Nick Jonas had joined the film's cast with Johnson, Hart, and Jack Black.[20] The following month, Johnson said that the film would not be a reboot but a continuation of the 1995 film;[21] Karen Gillan was announced as part of the cast.[22] On September 20, Ser'Darius Blain was cast as Anthony "Fridge" Johnson and Madison Iseman as Bethany Walker. Two days later, Rhys Darby was cast as Nigel Billingsley, Morgan Turner as Martha Kaply, and Alex Wolff as Spencer Gilpin.[23][24][25] In November 2016, Bobby Cannavale announced his casting in the film,[26] and in December 2016, Tim Matheson joined the cast as Old Man Vreeke.[27] Although James Newton Howard was originally signed to compose the film's score,[28] he was replaced by Henry Jackman when the film's release date was postponed six months.[1]
In March 2017, during CinemaCon, it was announced that the film's complete title was Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle. Its plot involved teenagers cleaning out a school's basement who find a vintage video-game version of Jumanji and are sucked into the first film’s jungle setting. Although fans debated whether the film was a sequel or a reboot, the second trailer (released on September 20, 2017) indicated that the sequel is set twenty-one years after the first.
Filming[edit]
Principal photography began on September 19, 2016, in Honolulu, Hawaii,[18][29] primarily at the Kualoa Ranch nature reserve.[30] The film wrapped on December 8 in Atlanta, Georgia.[31]
Release[edit]
In August 2015, Sony gave the film a release date of December 25, 2016.[32] Since filming did not begin until September 2016, the release was pushed back to July 28 and then to December 20, 2017.[2]
On November 29, 2017, it was announced that Amazon Prime members in the United States would have early access to tickets for a December 8 screening of the film at select Regal, National Amusements, ArcLight Cinemas and AMC theaters.[33] The screenings sold out at 1,200 theaters and earned $1.9 million.[34] The film was released on IMAX 2D on January 12, 2018.
Home media[edit]
Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle was released on Digital HD on March 6, 2018 and on DVD, Blu-ray and 4K Ultra HD Blu-ray on March 20, although the film was still in theatres. The Blu-ray and digital versions include two additional featurettes: “Surviving the Jungle: Spectacular Stunts!” and “Book to Board Game to Big Screen & Beyond! Celebrating The Legacy of Jumanji.”[35]
Reception[edit]
Box office[edit]
As of April 15, 2018[update], Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle has grossed $404 million in the United States and Canada and $550.6 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $954.6 million.[5] On April 10, 2018, the film passed Spider-Man ($403,706,375) to become Sony's highest-grossing film domestically. Deadline Hollywood calculated its net profit as $305.7 million when factoring all expenses and revenues, making it 2017's fourth-most-profitable release.[36]
In the U.S. and Canada, the film was released on December 20, 2017 with The Greatest Showman and was projected to gross about $60 million from 3,765 theaters in its six-day opening weekend; the studio predicted a $45 million debut.[37][38] It earned $7.2 million on its first day and $7.6 million on its second day. Over the three-day weekend, the film grossed $36.2 million (for a six-day total of $71.9 million), finishing second at the box office behind Star Wars: The Last Jedi.[4] Its earnings increased to $50.1 million during its second weekend, again finishing in second place at the box office.[39] The 38.4-percent weekend-to-weekend increase was the fourth-largest for a film playing in over 3,000 theaters; The Greatest Showman set the record for best hold the same weekend.[40][41] The film passed Star Wars: The Last Jedi for the top spot the following weekend, declining 28.1 percent to $36 million,[42] and finished first again the following week with $28.1 million (and a total of $35.2 million over the four-day MLK weekend).[43] Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle remained atop the box office for its third weekend, earning $19.5 million.[44]
It again topped the box office the following week with $20 million, despite the release of 12 Strong and Den of Thieves.[45] The film continued to do well the following week, dropping 16 percent (to $16.4 million) and finishing second to Maze Runner: The Death Cure,[46] before regaining the top spot the following weekend with $11.1 million.[47]
Critical response[edit]
On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 76% based on 186 reviews, and an average rating of 6.2/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle uses a charming cast and a humorous twist to offer an undemanding yet solidly entertaining update on its source material."[48] On Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average, the film has a normalized score of 58 out of 100, based on 44 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews."[49] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A–" on an A+ to F scale, while PostTrak reported filmgoers gave it an 84% overall positive score.[4]
Dave White of TheWrap praised the cast and called the film a pleasant surprise: "Jumanji: Welcome to The Jungle is the Christmas tentpole release that aims to please and succeeds, a funny family entertainment product that subverts more expectations than it was obligated to contractually".[50] David Ehrlich of IndieWire gave the film a C grade, calling it unnecessary but mildly amusing: "Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle is further proof that even the stalest whiff of brand recognition has become preferable to originality. Only part of the blame for that belongs to the studios but after cannibalizing themselves for much of the last 20 years, Hollywood has clearly eaten their way down to the crumbs".[51] For Variety, Owen Gleiberman wrote: "Excitement! Suspense! Childlike innocence! Ingeniously staged action set pieces! These are a few of the things you will not find, anywhere, in Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle ... It's supposed to be a board game come to life but really, it's just a bored game."[52]
Accolades[edit]
Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
Result
Ref.
Kids Choice Awards March 2018 Kids Choice Awards for Favorite Movie Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle Won [53]
Kids Choice Awards for Favorite Actor Dwayne Johnson Won
Kevin Hart Nominated
Saturn Awards June 2018 Best Fantasy Film Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle Pending [54]
Sequel[edit]
Dwayne Johnson, Jack Black and Nick Jonas discussed Jumanji 3's plot in interviews, including the possibility of the film's exploring the origins of the game. According to Karen Gillan, the alternate ending of Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle would have left the door open for another installment.[55][56][57][58] In February 2018 it was announced that Kasdan would direct the sequel, with Rosenberg and Pinkner again writing the script and Johnson, Hart, Black and Gillan reprising their roles.[59]
References[edit]
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External links[edit]
Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle on IMDb
Official site – Sony Pictures
[show]
v
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e
Jumanji by Chris Van Allsburg
Books
Jumanji
Zathura
Film series
Jumanji
Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle
Television
Jumanji
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Related
Zathura: A Space Adventure
[show]
v
t
e
Films directed by Jake Kasdan
Zero Effect (1998)
Orange County (2002)
The TV Set (2006)
Walk Hard: The Dewey Cox Story (2007)
Bad Teacher (2011)
Sex Tape (2014)
Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle (2017)
[show]
v
t
e
Works by Chris Van Allsburg
Picture books
The Garden of Abdul Gasazi (1979)
Jumanji (1981)
The Wreck of the Zephyr (1983)
The Mysteries of Harris Burdick (1984)
The Enchanted World: Ghosts (1984)
The Polar Express (1985)
The Enchanted World: Dwarfs (1985)
The Stranger (1986)
The Z Was Zapped (1987)
Two Bad Ants (1988)
The Wretched Stone (1991)
The Widow's Broom (1992)
The Sweetest Fig (1993)
The Mysteries of Harris Burdick (1994)
Bad Day at Riverbend (1995)
Zathura (2002)
Probuditi! (2006)
Queen of the Falls (2011)
Books illustrated
A City in Winter (1996)
Film credits
Jumanji (1995)
The Polar Express (2004)
Zathura: A Space Adventure (2005)
Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle (2017)
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