text:
Rob Wiethoff
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Rob Wiethoff
Rob Wiethoff with his wife Tayler in 2015
Born
Robert Allen Wiethoff
(1976-09-15) September 15, 1976 (age 41)
Seymour, Indiana, US
Alma mater
Indiana University
Occupation
Actor, voice actor
Years active
2006–2013
Spouse(s)
Tayler Wiethoff (2011–present)
Children
2
Robert Allen "Rob" Wiethoff (born September 15, 1976) is an American actor. Wiethoff is best known for his role as voice actor and motion capture artist of John Marston in the 2010 video game Red Dead Redemption.
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Career
3 Personal life
4 Filmography
4.1 Video games
4.2 Film
5 Awards and nominations
6 References
7 External links
Early life[edit]
Wiethoff was born on September 15, 1976 in Seymour, Indiana.[1] His father was a doctor. Wiethoff attended Indiana University and completed a degree in general studies.[2]
Career[edit]
While attending Indiana University, Wiethoff began dating a girl, who later moved to Los Angeles, which he then decided to travel to for a week. In Los Angeles, he was convinced by many people that he met that they knew people who could get him acting roles in films, which ultimately convinced him to move and live there. However, all of the promises that he was given about the film roles were never true, and Wiethoff was left working as a bartender.[2] He never received many jobs in acting, other than a few small roles in small films and television advertisements.[3]
In December 2008, Wiethoff was travelling home when he received a call from his agent, telling him that he had an audition for an "untitled video game project". He completed the audition feeling discouraged that he was not going to be given the role. However, a few days later, he received news that he had won the role, and shooting began in January 2009.[4] The project was ultimately titled Red Dead Redemption, developed by Rockstar San Diego and published by Rockstar Games. For the game, Wiethoff provided the voice and motion capture for the main playable protagonist John Marston, a former outlaw. Most of the game's story takes place in 1911, during the twilight of the American Frontier.
Wiethoff's role in Red Dead Redemption received widespread critical acclaim. In 2013, he placed fourth in Game Informer's top 10 best video game voice actors, with a comment that he "[nailed] it."[5] He was also placed second in Complex's top 25 greatest voice acting performances in video games, stating that he "[ended] his performance with undeniable bravado."[6] Wiethoff was also nominated for, and won, several awards for his performance in the game.[7][8]
Despite enjoying his experience working on Red Dead Redemption,[9] Wiethoff has not since pursued acting, only securing a few roles. He says that he is more focused on raising his children and supporting his family.[2]
In August 2013, it was announced that Wiethoff would be the voice of Lazarus in the interactive radio drama Codename Cygnus, developed by Reactive Studios. The episode featuring Wiethoff was released in September 2013.[10][11][12]
Personal life[edit]
Wiethoff met his wife Tayler in Los Angeles during development of Red Dead Redemption. Once the game was released, the couple decided to move back to Seymour, Indiana, where Wiethoff grew up, and raised their two children: twin boys, Greyson and Clifton, who were born at approximately 28 weeks, which led to them requiring extensive medical attention following their birth.[2]
Filmography[edit]
Video games[edit]
Year
Title
Role
2010 Red Dead Redemption John Marston[13][14]
Red Dead Redemption: Undead Nightmare
2013 Codename Cygnus Lazarus
Film[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
2006 16 Blocks Court Officer[15] Credited as "Rob Weithoff"
2009 The Outside Turk[16] Also producer
2010 Red Dead Redemption: The Man from Blackwater John Marston[17] Machinima film made from video game footage
2011 Double Tap Detective Fitzgerald[18]
Awards and nominations[edit]
Year
Work
Award
Category
Result
Ref.
2010 Red Dead Redemption
(as John Marston) Spike Video Game Awards Best Performance by a Human Male Nominated [7][19]
2011 D.I.C.E. Awards Outstanding Character Performance Won [8][20]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Internet Movie Database. "Rob Wiethoff". Amazon. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Stafford, Patrick (19 June 2013). "What happened to John Marston". Polygon. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
Jump up ^ Plunkett, Luke (30 July 2010). "The Men And Women Behind Gaming's Most Iconic Characters". Kotaku. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
Jump up ^ Sources that refer to the auditions for Red Dead Redemption include:
Charlie (4 January 2011). "Rob Wietoff (AKA John Marston) Nave360 Interview". Nave360. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
Sebastian (12 October 2010). "Rob Wiethoff Interview". Nave360. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
Thomas (10 June 2010). "The Man Behind The Voice Of John Marston". Rockstar Base. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
wilmywood (9 May 2013). "Interview with Rob Wiethoff, the voice of JOHN MARSTON on Red Dead Redemption". WordPress. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
Plunkett, Luke (7 February 2012). "A Crazy, Paranoid Story From Red Dead Redemption's Development". Kotaku. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
Jump up ^ Presler, Mike (6 July 2013). "Ten of the best video game voices of this generation". Game Informer. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
Jump up ^ Hester, Larry (April 14, 2013). "The 25 Greatest Voice Acting Performances In Video Games". Complex. Retrieved 13 October 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b McElroy, Griffin (17 November 2010). "Spike VGA Nominations are in, appropriately preposterous". Joystiq. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "Awards Category Details (Outstanding Character Performance)". Academy of Interactive Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
Jump up ^ Robinson, Brittany (6 February 2012). "Spawny0908 Interviews Rob Wiethoff Voice of John Marston!!!". Red Dead Redemption Fanatic's Saloon. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
Jump up ^ Makuch, Eddie (7 August 2013). "Red Dead Redemption voice actor joins iOS game". GameSpot. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
Jump up ^ Suszek, Mike (7 August 2013). "Voice of John Marston joins Codename Cygnus radio drama app". Joystiq. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
Jump up ^ Reactive Studios (18 July 2013). "Codename Cygnus - an Interactive Radio Drama for iOS by Reactive Studios". Kickstarter. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
Jump up ^ Internet Movie Database. "Red Dead Redemption (2010) (VG) - Full cast and crew". Amazon. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
Jump up ^ Internet Movie Database. "Red Dead Redemption: Undead Nightmare (2010) (VG) - Full cast and crew". Amazon. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
Jump up ^ Internet Movie Database. "16 Blocks (2006) - Full cast and crew". Amazon. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
Jump up ^ Internet Movie Database. "The Outside (2009) - Full cast and crew". Amazon. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
Jump up ^ Internet Movie Database. "Red Dead Redemption: The Man from Blackwater (2010) - Full cast and crew". Amazon. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
Jump up ^ Internet Movie Database. "Double Tap (2011) - Full cast and crew". Amazon. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
Jump up ^ Chester, Nick (17 November 2010). "Nominees for Spike Video Game Awards 2010 revealed". Destructoid. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
Jump up ^ Sliwinski, Alexander (11 February 2011). "Mass Effect 2 wins GOTY, RPG and storytelling awards at DICE 2011". Joystiq. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
External links[edit]
Rob Wiethoff on IMDb
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rob_Wiethoff&oldid=777665226"
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text:
Learning curve
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see Learning curve (disambiguation).
A learning curve is an increase of learning (vertical axis) with experience (horizontal axis).
Fig 1: Learning curve for a single subject, showing how learning improves with experience
Fig 2: A learning curve averaged over many trials is smooth, and can be expressed as a mathematical function
The term learning curve is used in two main ways: where the same task is repeated in a series of trials, or where a body of knowledge is learned over time. The first person to describe the learning curve was Hermann Ebbinghaus in 1885, in the field of the psychology of learning, although the name wasn't used until 1909.[1][2] In 1936, Theodore Paul Wright described the effect of learning on production costs in the aircraft industry.[3] This form, in which unit cost is plotted against total production, is sometimes called an experience curve.
The familiar expression "a steep learning curve" is intended to mean that the activity is difficult to learn, although a learning curve with a steep start actually represents rapid progress.[4][5]
Contents
[hide]
1 In psychology
2 In economics
3 Examples and mathematical modeling
4 In machine learning
5 Broader interpretations
6 General learning limits
7 In culture
7.1 "Steep learning curve"
7.2 "ON a steep learning curve"
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
In psychology[edit]
The first person to describe the learning curve was Hermann Ebbinghaus in 1885. His tests involved memorizing series of nonsense syllables, and recording the success over a number of trials. The translation does not use the term learning curve—but he presents diagrams of learning against trial number. He also notes that the score can decrease, or even oscillate.[5][6][7]
The first known use of the term learning curve is from 1909: "Bryan and Harter (6) found in their study of the acquisition of the telegraphic language a learning curve which had the rapid rise at the beginning followed by a period of retardation, and was thus convex to the vertical axis."[2][5]
Psychologist Arthur Bills gave a more detailed description of learning curves in 1934. He also discussed the properties of different types of learning curves, such as negative acceleration, positive acceleration, plateaus, and ogive curves. (Fig 1)[8]
In economics[edit]
In 1936, Theodore Paul Wright described the effect of learning on production costs in the aircraft industry and proposed a mathematical model of the learning curve.[3]
In 1968 Bruce Henderson of the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) generalized the Unit Cost model pioneered by Wright, and specifically used a Power Law, which is sometimes called Henderson's Law. He named this particular version the experience curve.[9][10] Research by BCG in the 1970s observed experience curve effects for various industries that ranged from 10 to 25 percent.[11]
The economic learning of productivity and efficiency generally follows the same kinds of experience curves and have interesting secondary effects. Efficiency and productivity improvement can be considered as whole organization or industry or economy learning processes, as well as for individuals. The general pattern is of first speeding up and then slowing down, as the practically achievable level of methodology improvement is reached. The effect of reducing local effort and resource use by learning improved methods paradoxically often has the opposite latent effect on the next larger scale system, by facilitating its expansion, or economic growth, as discussed in the Jevons paradox in the 1880s and updated in the Khazzoom-Brookes Postulate in the 1980s.
Examples and mathematical modeling[edit]
A learning curve is a plot of proxy measures for implied learning (proficiency or progression toward a limit) with experience.
The Horizontal Axis represents experience either directly as time (clock time, or the time spent on the activity), or can be related to time (a number of trials, or the total number of units produced).
The Vertical Axis is a measure representing learning or proficiency or other proxy for "efficiency" or "productivity". It can either be increasing (for example, the score in a test), or decreasing (the time to complete a test). (Fig 5)
For the performance of one person in a series of trials the curve can be erratic, with proficiency increasing, decreasing or leveling out in a plateau. (Fig 1)
When the results of a large number of individual trials are averaged then a smooth curve results, which can often be described with a mathematical function. (Fig 2)
Fig 3: S-Curve or Sigmoid Function
Fig 4: Exponential growth
Fig 5: Exponential rise or fall to a limit
Fig 6: Power Law
Several main functions have been used:[12][13][14]
The S-Curve or Sigmoid function is the idealized general form of all learning curves, with slowly accumulating small steps at first followed by larger steps and then successively smaller ones later, as the learning activity reaches its limit. That idealizes the normal progression from discovery of something to learn about followed to the limit of what learning about it. The other shapes of learning curves (4, 5 & 6) show segments of S-curves without their full extents.
In this case the improvement of proficiency starts slowly, then increases rapidly, and finally levels off. (Fig 3)
Exponential growth
The proficiency can increase without limit, as in Exponential growth (Fig 4)
Exponential rise or fall to a Limit
Proficiency can exponentially approach a limit in a manner similar to that in which a capacitor charges or discharges (Exponential decay) through a resistor. (Fig 5)
The increase in skill or retention of information may increase rapidly to its maximum rate during the initial attempts, and then gradually levels out, meaning that the subject's skill does not improve much with each later repetition, with less new knowledge gained over time.
Power law
This is similar in appearance to an Exponential decay function, and is almost always used for a decreasing performance metric, such as cost. (Fig 6) It also has the property that if you plot the logarithm of proficiency against the logarithm of experience the result is a straight line, and it is often presented that way.

The specific case of a plot of Unit Cost versus Total Production with a Power Law was named the Experience Curve: the mathematical function is sometimes called Henderson's Law.
This form of learning curve is used extensively in industry for cost projections.[15]

The page on "Experience curve effects" offers more discussion of the mathematical theory of representing them as deterministic processes, and provides a good group of empirical examples of how that technique has been applied.
In machine learning[edit]
Plots relating performance to experience are widely used in machine learning. Performance is the error rate or accuracy of the learning system, while experience may be the number of training examples used for learning or the number of iterations used in optimizing the system model parameters.[16] The machine learning curve is useful for many purposes including comparing different algorithms,[17] choosing model parameters during design,[18] adjusting optimization to improve convergence, and determining the amount of data used for training.[19]
Broader interpretations[edit]
Initially introduced in educational and behavioral psychology, the term has acquired a broader interpretation over time, and expressions such as "experience curve", "improvement curve", "cost improvement curve", "progress curve", "progress function", "startup curve", and "efficiency curve" are often used interchangeably. In economics the subject is rates of "development", as development refers to a whole system learning process with varying rates of progression. Generally speaking all learning displays incremental change over time, but describes an "S" curve which has different appearances depending on the time scale of observation. It has now also become associated with the evolutionary theory of punctuated equilibrium and other kinds of revolutionary change in complex systems generally, relating to innovation, organizational behavior and the management of group learning, among other fields.[20] These processes of rapidly emerging new form appear to take place by complex learning within the systems themselves, which when observable, display curves of changing rates that accelerate and decelerate.
General learning limits[edit]
Learning curves, also called experience curves, relate to the much broader subject of natural limits for resources and technologies in general. Such limits generally present themselves as increasing complications that slow the learning of how to do things more efficiently, like the well-known limits of perfecting any process or product or to perfecting measurements.[21] These practical experiences match the predictions of the second law of thermodynamics for the limits of waste reduction generally. Approaching limits of perfecting things to eliminate waste meets geometrically increasing effort to make progress, and provides an environmental measure of all factors seen and unseen changing the learning experience. Perfecting things becomes ever more difficult despite increasing effort despite continuing positive, if ever diminishing, results. The same kind of slowing progress due to complications in learning also appears in the limits of useful technologies and of profitable markets applying to product life cycle management and software development cycles). Remaining market segments or remaining potential efficiencies or efficiencies are found in successively less convenient forms.
Efficiency and development curves typically follow a two-phase process of first bigger steps corresponding to finding things easier, followed by smaller steps of finding things more difficult. It reflects bursts of learning following breakthroughs that make learning easier followed by meeting constraints that make learning ever harder, perhaps toward a point of cessation.
Natural Limits One of the key studies in the area concerns diminishing returns on investments generally, either physical or financial, pointing to whole system limits for resource development or other efforts. The most studied of these may be Energy Return on Energy Invested or EROEI, discussed at length in an Encyclopedia of the Earth article and in an OilDrum article and series also referred to as Hubert curves. The energy needed to produce energy is a measure of our difficulty in learning how to make remaining energy resources useful in relation to the effort expended. Energy returns on energy invested have been in continual decline for some time, caused by natural resource limits and increasing investment. Energy is both nature's and our own principal resource for making things happen. The point of diminishing returns is when increasing investment makes the resource more expensive. As natural limits are approached, easily used sources are exhausted and ones with more complications need to be used instead. As an environmental signal persistently diminishing EROI indicates an approach of whole system limits in our ability to make things happen.
Useful Natural Limits EROEI measures the return on invested effort as a ratio of R/I or learning progress. The inverse I/R measures learning difficulty. The simple difference is that if R approaches zero R/I will too, but I/R will approach infinity. When complications emerge to limit learning progress the limit of useful returns, uR, is approached and R-uR approaches zero. The difficulty of useful learning I/(R-uR) approaches infinity as increasingly difficult tasks make the effort unproductive. That point is approached as a vertical asymptote, at a particular point in time, that can be delayed only by unsustainable effort. It defines a point at which enough investment has been made and the task is done, usually planned to be the same as when the task is complete. For unplanned tasks it may be either foreseen or discovered by surprise. The usefulness measure, uR, is affected by the complexity of environmental responses that can only be measured when they occur unless they are foreseen.
In culture[edit]
"Steep learning curve"[edit]
The expression steep learning curve is used with opposite meanings. Most sources, including the Oxford English Dictionary, the American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, and Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, define a learning curve as the rate at which skill is acquired, so a steep increase would mean a quick increment of skill.[4][22] However, the term is often used in common English with the meaning of a difficult initial learning process.[5][22] L. Ron Hubbard's Study Tech uses "study gradient" in the same sense, where "steep" means difficult.
Arguably, the common English use is due to metaphorical interpretation of the curve as a hill to climb. (A steeper hill is initially hard, while a gentle slope is less strainful, though sometimes rather tedious. Accordingly, the shape of the curve (hill) may not indicate the total amount of work required. Instead, it can be understood as a matter of preference related to ambition, personality and learning style.)
Fig 9 : Short and long learning curves
Fig 10 : Product A has lower functionality and a short learning curve. Product B has greater functionality but takes longer to learn
The term learning curve with meanings of easy and difficult can be described with adjectives like short and long rather than steep and shallow.[4] If two products have similar functionality then the one with a "steep" curve is probably better, because it can be learned in a shorter time. (Fig 9) On the other hand, if two products have different functionality, then one with a short curve (a short time to learn) and limited functionality may not be as good as one with a long curve (a long time to learn) and greater functionality. (Fig 10)
For example, the Windows program Notepad is extremely simple to learn, but offers little after this. At the other extreme is the UNIX terminal editor vi or Vim, which is difficult to learn, but offers a wide array of features after the user has learned how to use it.[23]
"ON a steep learning curve"[edit]
Ben Zimmer discusses the use of the term "ON a steep learning curve" in an article "A Steep Learning Curve" for Downton Abbey, concentrating mainly on whether it is an anachronism. "Matthew Crawley, the presumptive heir of Downton Abbey and now the co-owner of the estate, says, 'I've been on a steep learning curve since arriving at Downton.' By this he means that he's had a difficult time learning the ways of Downton. Unfortunately, people didn't start talking that way until the 1970s."[5][24][25]
Zimmer also comments that the popular use of steep as difficult is a reversal of the technical meaning. He identifies the first use of steep learning curve as 1973, and the arduous interpretation as 1978.
See also[edit]
Experience curve effects
Learning
Learning speed
Labor productivity
Learning-by-doing
Population growth
Trial and error
References[edit]
Jump up ^ https://books.google.com/books?id=oRSMDF6y3l8C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false Page 42, Fig 2
^ Jump up to: a b https://books.google.com/books?id=ikEMAAAAIAAJ&q=%22learning+curve%22#v=snippet&q=%22learning%20curve%22&f=false The American Journal of Psychology, Volume 14 1903 By Granville Stanley Hall, Edward Bradford Titchene
^ Jump up to: a b Wright, T.P., "Factors Affecting the Cost of Airplanes", Journal of Aeronautical Sciences, 3(4) (1936): 122–128.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Laparoscopic Colon Resection Early in the Learning Curve", Ann. Surg. 2006 June; 243(6): 730–737, see the "Discussions" section, Dr. Smith's remark about the usage of the term "steep learning curve": "First, semantics. A steep learning curve is one where you gain proficiency over a short number of trials. That means the curve is steep. I think semantically we are really talking about a prolonged or long learning curve. I know it is a subtle distinction, but I can't miss the opportunity to make that point."
^ Jump up to: a b c d e http://www.visualthesaurus.com/cm/wordroutes/a-steep-learning-curve-for-downton-abbey/ Ben Zimmer, February 8, 2013
Jump up ^ Classics in the history of psychology
Jump up ^ https://books.google.com/books?id=oRSMDF6y3l8C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false page 42, Fig 2
Jump up ^ Bills, A.G. (1934). General experimental psychology. Longmans Psychology Series. (pp. 192-215). New York, NY: Longmans, Green and Co.
Jump up ^ https://www.bcgperspectives.com/content/Classics/strategy_the_experience_curve/ BCJ 1968
Jump up ^ Grant, Robert M. (2004), Contemporary strategy analysis, U.S., UK, Australia, Germany: Blackwell publishing, ISBN 1-4051-1999-3
Jump up ^ Hax, Arnoldo C.; Majluf, Nicolas S. (October 1982), "Competitive cost dynamics: the experience curve", Interfaces, 12 (5): 50–61, doi:10.1287/inte.12.5.50.
Jump up ^ http://repository.cmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3420&context=compsci Mechanisms of skill acquisition and the law of practice Newell 1980
Jump up ^ Ritter, F. E., & Schooler, L. J. The learning curve. In International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences (2002), 8602-8605. Amsterdam: Pergamon
Jump up ^ http://www.bgu.ac.il/~akarniel/pub/LeibowitzetalJMP2010.pdf
Jump up ^ http://classweb.gmu.edu/aloerch/LearningCurve%20Basics.pdf Department of Defense Manual Number 5000.2-M, mandates the use of learning curves for costing of defense programs (variable costs of production)
Jump up ^ Sammut, Claude; Webb, Geoffrey I. (Eds.). Encyclopedia of Machine Learning (1st ed.). Springer. p. 578. ISBN 978-0-387-30768-8. CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ Madhavan, P.G. (1997). "A New Recurrent Neural Network Learning Algorithm for Time Series Prediction" (PDF). Journal of Intelligent Systems. p. 113 Fig. 3.
Jump up ^ "Machine Learning 102: Practical Advice". Tutorial: Machine Learning for Astronomy with Scikit-learn.
Jump up ^ Meek, Christopher; Thiesson, Bo; Heckerman, David (Summer 2002). "The Learning-Curve Sampling Method Applied to Model-Based Clustering". Journal of Machine Learning Research. 2 (3): 397.
Jump up ^ Connie JG Gersick 1991 "Revolutionary Change Theories: A Multilevel Exploration of the Punctuated Equilibrium Paradigm" The Academy of Management Review, Vol. 16, No. 1 pp. 10-36 1
Jump up ^ "Towards the Limits of Precision and Accuracy in Measurement".
^ Jump up to: a b "Steep learning curves".
Jump up ^ http://unix.rulez.org/~calver/pictures/curves.jpg Apparently from http://blogs.msdn.com/b/steverowe/archive/2004/11/17/code-editor-learning-curves.aspx Code Editor Learning Curves SteveRowe 17 Nov 2004 7:59 PM
Jump up ^ http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=3767 "Downton Abbey" anachronisms: beyond nitpickery, Ben Zimmer, February 13, 2012
Jump up ^ http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=3767 Comment by J Oliver : Season Three, episode 5
External links[edit]
Learning curve
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Port Melbourne Football Club
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Port Melbourne Football Club
Names
Full name
Port Melbourne Football Club
Nickname(s)
The Borough
Club details
Founded
1874; 143 years ago (1874)
Colours
Blue Red
Competition
Victorian Football League
President
Michael Shulman
Coach
Gary Ayres
Captain(s)
Toby Pinwill
Premierships
17 (1897, 1901, 1922, 1940, 1941, 1947, 1953, 1964, 1966, 1974, 1976, 1977, 1980, 1981, 1982, 2011, 2017)
Ground(s)
North Port Oval (capacity: 10,000)
Uniforms
Home
Other information
Official website
portmelbournefc.com.au
The Port Melbourne Football Club, nicknamed The Borough, is an Australian rules football club based in the Melbourne suburb of Port Melbourne and is currently playing in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
The club currently has no reserves alignment with an Australian Football League (AFL) club.
Port Melbourne is traditionally considered one of the strongest, most successful and most supported Victorian clubs outside of the AFL due to its long and illustrious history in the competition formerly known as the Victorian Football Association (VFA).
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Club Jumper
3 Club Song
4 2011 season
5 Team of the Century
6 Premierships
7 Other Awards
8 Post War Placings
9 Records
10 Coaches
11 See also
12 References
13 Sources
14 External links
History[edit]
The Borough joined the Victorian Football Association (VFA) in 1886 and has played in every season since then. In 1897, Port Melbourne was left out of the group of eight clubs which formed the breakaway VFL competition, despite having regularly been about the sixth- or seventh- best performing team onfield. Historian Terry Keenan theorised that the likeliest reason for Port Melbourne's exclusion was the reputation for the poor behaviour that its players and spectators had developed over the previous decade; its rivalry with and proximity to the influential South Melbourne Football Club and the fact that the club had supported the gate equalisation measures which the breakaway clubs were trying to escape were also speculated to have contributed to the decision.[1]
The club, and the suburb of Port Melbourne in general, were heavily associated with wharf labourers and the union movement. During a 1928 waterfront strike in Melbourne, a wharf labourer protesting the use of scab labour was shot by police; as a result, the club banned any police from playing with them. The policy remained in place until the late 1950s.[2]
For most, the nickname of the Borough (or Boroughs) may seem strange, but its origins lie when the team was based in what was known as the Borough of Port Melbourne. The name stuck, even after the area was upgraded to the status of town and eventually city. [3][4]
Port Melbourne went on to become one of the strongest clubs in the VFA, and today still attracts some of the biggest crowds to its games. The club had very strong links with the Port Melbourne community, arguably the strongest community relationship within the VFA; local juniors often held stronger aspirations to play for Port Melbourne than for the VFL's South Melbourne – which by the 1950s was perennially struggling and to which the Port Melbourne area was zoned – and even players as highly decorated as Brownlow Medallists Peter Bedford and Bob Skilton regularly returned to Port Melbourne after their VFL careers.[5]
Traditionally the Borough's greatest rivals are the Williamstown Seagulls and the Sandringham Zebras. All three teams continue to play in the VFL to this day. Prior to the original breakaway of the VFL from the VFA in 1897, Port Melbourne's greatest rival was South Melbourne.[1]
Since the AFL reserves competition merged with the Victorian Football League in 2000, Port Melbourne has been involved in two affiliations: with the Sydney Swans (2001–2002), and with the North Melbourne Kangaroos (2003–2005); since 2006, Port Melbourne has existed as a stand-alone VFL club.
Port Melbourne has been affiliated with the Oakleigh Chargers TAC Cup team since the 1999 season.[6] It had previously been affiliated with the Geelong Falcons (1996–1998),[7] and in 1995 was part of a three-way affiliation which saw it share the Calder Cannons and Western Jets with Williamstown and Coburg.[8]
Club Jumper[edit]
The Port Melbourne Football Club's Guernsey is royal blue with red vertical stripes.
Club Song[edit]
The club song is sung to the tune of "You're a Grand Old Flag".
2011 season[edit]
In 2011, Port Melbourne completed a perfect season, winning all eighteen home-and-away games, then three finals matches, culminating in a 56-point win against Williamstown in the Grand Final.[9] It was the first perfect season in the VFA/VFL first division since 1918.[10]
Team of the Century[edit]
The Port Melbourne Football Club team of the century was chosen in 2003, combining all the clubs greats from across its long history.
Team of the Century: Line Up
Back Line
Stan Plumridge Joe Garbutt Vic Aanensen
Half Back Line
David King Bob Kelsey Bob Withers
Centre Line
Bill Swan Peter Bedford Billy McGee
Half Forward Line
Rob Freyer Ted Freyer Brian Walsh
Forward Line
Bob Bonnett Fred Cook Tommy Lahiff
Rucks
Frank Johnson, Sr. (c) Graeme Anderson Bill Findlay
Interchange
David Holt Reg Murray Norm Goss, Jr.
Bill Bedford Carl Bowen Gary Brice
Coach
Gary Brice
Premierships[edit]
1897 – runners-up North Melbourne
1901 – runners-up Richmond
1922 – Port Melbourne 9.6 (60) d Footscray 8.10 (58) (Crowd: 22,000)
1940 – Port Melbourne 23.22 (160) d Prahran 17.11 (113) (Crowd: 30,882)
1941 – Port Melbourne 15.18 (108) d Coburg 11.23 (89) (Crowd: 36,289)
1947 – Port Melbourne 15.13 (103) d Sandringham 11.8 (74) (Crowd: 24,000)
1953 – Port Melbourne 21.15 (141) d Yarraville 12.9 (81) (Crowd: 40,000)
1964 – Port Melbourne 14.17 (101) d Williamstown 10.5 (65) (Crowd: 20,000)
1966 – Port Melbourne 13.12 (90) d Waverley 6.11 (47) (Crowd: 20,000)
1974 – Port Melbourne 22.20 (152) d Oakleigh 11.17 (83) (Crowd: 23,936)
1976 – Port Melbourne 19.18 (132) d Dandenong 10.15 (75) (Crowd: 32,317)
1977 – Port Melbourne 23.19 (157) d Sandringham 7.15 (57) (Crowd: 29,664)
1977 Centenary Cup – Port Melbourne 26.16 (172) d. Caulfield 15.11 (101) (Crowd: 3,000)
1980 – Port Melbourne 11.15 (81) d Coburg 10.10 (70) (Crowd: 22,010)
1981 – Port Melbourne 32.19 (211) d Preston 15.8 (98) (Crowd: 20,186)
1982 – Port Melbourne 21.15 (141) d Preston 20.14 (134) (Crowd: 20,732)
2011 – Port Melbourne 22.12 (144) d Williamstown 13.10 (88) (Crowd: 11,896)
2017 – Port Melbourne 11.8 (74) d Richmond 10.10 (70) (Crowd: 17,159)
Total Premierships – 17
Total Grand Finals – 33
The Centenary Cup was a once-off knock-out competition held during 1977, and is not counted amongst Port Melbourne's total premiership statistics.
Other Awards[edit]
Runners-ups (21): 1902, 1923, 1925, 1928, 1929, 1945, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1965, 1967, 1987, 1993, 2002, 2004, 2008, 2012
Minor Premierships (20): 1941, 1947, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1966, 1974, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1981, 1987, 1993, 2003, 2004, 2008, 2011, 2014
Wooden Spoons (3): 1909, 1936, 2006
Post War Placings[edit]
Placings (1945–64)
Year
1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
Placement
2 4 1 11 7 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 3 8 8 6 7 5 1
Placings (1965–84)
Year
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
Placement
2 1 2 5 3 4 6 5 4 1 3 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 3 6
Placings (1985-04)
Year
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Placement
5 5 2 4 8 10 5 6 2 7 3 5 4 8 6 13 10 2 3 2
Placings (2005–present)
Year
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Placement
5 13 7 2 3 6 1 2 6 3 10 8 1
Records[edit]
League History: VFA/VFL 1886-15, 1918–41, 1945–
Record Attendance: 36,289 v the Coburg Lions in 1941
Most Games: 253 by Fred Cook
Most Goals: 1238 by Fred Cook
Liston Medallists: E. Hyde (1930), W. Findlay (1946), F. Johnson (1952), V. Aanensen (1979, 1981), S. Allender (1980), W. Swan (1982, 1983), S. Harkins (1990), S. Valenti (2010, 2011)
Highest Score: 43.29 (287) v the Sandringham Zebras in 1941
Lowest Score: 0.2 (2) v Prahran F.C in 1902
Longest Winning Run: 28 (2011–2012)
Longest Losing Run: 14 (1909)
Coaches[edit]
Percy Wilson (1927–1929)
Charlie Stanbridge (1930–31)
Percy Wilson (1932)
B Lovett (1933)
Gus Dobrigh (1934)
Tommy Lahiff, Ron Shapter (1935)
B Rudd (1936)
Jack Bissett (1937)
H Crompton (1937)
Tommy Lahiff (1937–38)
Frank Kelly (1940–41)
Tommy Lahiff (1941, 1945–46)
Bill Findlay (1947–48)
Jim Cleary (1949–1952)
Don Fraser (1953–55)
Frank Johnson (1956–57)
T Brooker (1958–59)
Don Furness (1960–61)
Tommy Lahiff (1962)
Laurie Mithen (1963–65)
Brian Buckley (1966–68)
Bob Bonnett (1969–71)
Ian Collins (1972–73)
Norm Brown (1974–78)
Peter McKenna (1979)
Gary Brice (1980–1983)
Warwick Irwin (1984)
Gary Brice (1985)
Peter Chisnall (1986)
G Allen (1987–88)
Brett Yorgey (1989–90)
Doug Searl (1991–92)
Damian Drum (1993)
David Cloke (1994)
Shane Molloy (1995)
N Ross (1996–1998)
Darren Crocker (1999)
D Dunbar (2000–2003)
Gerard FitzGerald (2004)
S Ghazi (2005–2007)
Gary Ayres (2008–)
See also[edit]
1967 VFA Grand Final
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Keenan, Terry (2001), "Keeping out the riff-raff – Port Melbourne's exclusion from the Victorian Football League in 1896", Sporting Traditions, 17 (2): 1–16
Jump up ^ Marc Fiddian (19 September 1981). "Another proud day for Port". The Age. Melbourne, VIC. p. 43.
Jump up ^ Ciem (22 July 1922). "Association topics". Record. Emerald Hill, VIC. p. 2.
Jump up ^ "Ports wilted at the finish". Record. Emerald Hill, VIC. 19 June 1937. p. 5.
Jump up ^ Amy, Paul (2014), Fabulous Fred: the Strife and Times of Fred Cook, Melbourne Books, pp. 53–54
Jump up ^ "Borough Continue To Build On Oakleigh Chargers Relationship". Port Melbourne Football Club. 23 February 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
Jump up ^ Adrian Dunn (5 October 1995). "Willy and the Bees merge order". Herald Sun (Afternoon ed.). Melbourne, VIC. p. 86.
Jump up ^ Adrian Dunn (17 September 1994). "Prahran calls time out". Herald Sun (Morning ed.). Melbourne, VIC. p. 86.
Jump up ^ Amy, Paul (25 Sep 2011). "Port Melbourne crushes Williamstown to claim VFL flag". Leader. Retrieved 25 Sep 2011.
Jump up ^ "This weekend in the VFL". The Marngrook Footy Show. 26 Aug 2011. Retrieved 9 Sep 2011.
Sources[edit]
Atkinson, G. (1982) Everything you ever wanted to know about Australian rules football but couldn't be bothered asking, The Five Mile Press: Melbourne. ISBN 0 86788 009 0.
Terry Keenan. 2006. Unduly Rough Play – A History of the Port Melbourne Football Club, Volume 2 1918 – 1944. Albert Park: Eucalyptus Press
Terry Keenan. 2004. Kicking Into the Wind – A History of the Formative Years of the Port Melbourne Football Club 1874–1917. Petersham: Walla Walla Press
Terry Keenan. 1999. A Taste of Port. Albert Park: Eucalyptus Press
Terry Keenan. A Family Feud. Port Melbourne: Port Melbourne Historical and Preservation Society.
Terry Keenan. Keeping Out the Riff-Raff. Port Melbourne: Port Melbourne Historical and Preservation Society.
Marc Fiddian. The VFA – A History of the Victorian Football Association 1877–1995.
External links[edit]
Port Melbourne Football Club Official Site
Full Points Footy Profile for Port Melbourne
Port Melbourne Historical and Preservation Society
[hide]
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Former clubs
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text:
Ancient Greek law
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is missing information about other Grecian city states besides Athens. Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the talk page. (March 2017)
The Aristotelian Constitution of the Athenians, now in the British Library (Oxyrhynchus Papyrus 131)
Ancient Greek law consists of the laws and legal institutions of Ancient Greece.
The existence of certain general principles of law is implied by the custom of settling a difference between two Greek states, or between members of a single state, by resorting to external arbitration. The general unity of Greek law shows mainly in the laws of inheritance and adoption, in laws of commerce and contract, and in the publicity uniformly given to legal agreements.[1]
While its older forms can be studied by the laws of Gortyn, its influence can be traced in legal documents preserved in Egyptian papyri and it may be recognized as a consistent whole in its ultimate relations to Roman law in the eastern provinces of the Roman empire, with scholars in the discipline of comparative law comparing Greek law with both Roman law and the primitive institutions of the Germanic nations.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Historical Sources
1.1 Athens
2 Procedural laws
2.1 Athens
3 Development of Ancient Greek law
3.1 Athens
4 Courts and judicial system
4.1 Athens
4.1.1 Public and private cases
5 Oratory
5.1 Athens
6 See also
7 References
Historical Sources[edit]
There is no systematic collection of Greek laws, thus the knowledge the earliest notions of the subject is derived from the Homeric poems. The works of Theophrastus' 'On the Laws', included a recapitulation of the laws of various barbaric as well as of the Grecian states, yet only a few fragments of it remain.[1]
Athens[edit]
Incidental illustrations of the Athenian law are found in the Laws of Plato, who describes it without exercising influence on its actual practice.[citation needed] Aristotle criticized Plato's Laws in his Politics, in which he reviews the work of certain early Greek lawgivers. The treatise on the Constitution of Athens includes an account of the jurisdiction of the various public officials and of the mechanics of the law courts, and thus enables historians to dispense with the second-hand testimony of grammarians and scholiasts who derived their information from that treatise.[1]
Other evidence for ancient Athenian law comes from statements made in the extant speeches of the Attic orators, and from surviving inscriptions.[1]
Procedural laws[edit]
Athens[edit]
Historians consider the Ancient Athenian law broadly procedural and concerned with the administration of justice rather than substantive.[2] Athenian laws are typically written in the form where if an offense is made, then the offender will be punished according to said law,[3] thus they are more concerned with the legal actions which should be undertaken by the prosecutor, rather than strictly defining which acts are prosecutable.[4] Often, this would have resulted in juries having to decide whether the offense said to have been committed was in fact a violation of the law in question.[5]
Development of Ancient Greek law[edit]
Athens[edit]
One of the earliest dateable events in Athenian history is the creation of the Draconian law code, c.620 BC.[6] We know little about Draco and the code, with the homicide law being the only one known due to it surviving the Solonian reforms.[6] The law seems to have distinguished between premeditated and involuntary homicide, and provided for the reconciliation of the killer with the family of the dead man.[7] The homicide law of Draco was still in force in the fourth century.[7] Though the rest of the code is unknown, it was by Athenian tradition known to have been very harsh.[7]
The Athenian law codes set forth by Draco were completely reformed by Solon, who was the archon of Athens c.593 BC. Solon's reforms included the cancellation of debts and reforms to land ownership, as well as the abolition of slavery for those who were born Athenian.[8] However, attributing specific legal innovations and reforms to Solon and his successors is notoriously difficult because there was a tendency in ancient Athens to ascribe laws to Solon irrespective of the date of enactment.[9]
Courts and judicial system[edit]
Along with the official enforcement of the law in the courts in the Grecian states, justice and social cohesion were collectively enforced by society at large.[10] with informal collective justice often being targeted at elite offenders.[11]
Athens[edit]
Ancient Greek courts were cheap and run by laypeople. Court officials were paid little, if anything, and most trials were completed within a day, with private cases done even quicker. There were no court officials, no lawyers, and no official judges. A normal case consisted of two litigants, arguing if an unlawful act had been committed. The jury would decide whether the accused was guilty, and should he be guilty, what the punishment will be. In Athenian courts, the jury tended to be made of the common people, whereas litigants were mostly from the elites of society.[11]
In the Athenian legal system, the courts have been seen as a system for settling disputes and resolving arguments, rather than enforcing a coherent system of rules, rights and obligations.[12] The Prytaneion court was responsible for trialing random residents, animals, and inanimate objects for homicide, and it is assumed that it was in order to ensure that Athens was free of blood-guilt for the crime.[12]
The Athenian court system was dominated by men. The jury was all-male,[13] and it has been argued that the Athenian court seemed to have been remarkably unwilling to allow any female presence in the civic space of the lawcourt itself.[14]
Public and private cases[edit]
In Ancient Athens, there were two types of lawsuit. Public prosecutions, or graphai, were heard by juries of 501 or more, increasing in increments of 500 jurors, while private suits, or dikai, were heard by 201 or 401 jurors, depending on the amount of money at stake.[15] Juries were made up of men selected from a panel of 6,000 volunteers, who were selected annually and were required to be full citizens, aged over 30.[16] Juries were paid a small fee from the time of Pericles, which may have led to disproportionate numbers of poor and elderly citizens working on juries.[17]
Oratory[edit]
Athens[edit]
In the Athenian legal system, there were no professional lawyers, though well-known speechwriters such as Demosthenes composed speeches which were delivered by, or on behalf of others. These speechwriters have been described as being as close as a function of a modern lawyer as the Athenian legal system would permit.[18]
It has been argued that the rhetorical and performative features evident in surviving Classical Athenian law court speeches are evidence that Athenian trials were essentially rhetorical struggles which were generally unconcerned with the strict applicability of the law.[19] It is also said that orators constructing stories played a much more significant role in Athenian court cases than those of the modern day, due to the lack of modern forensic and investigatory techniques which might provide other sources of evidence in the Athenian courtroom.[20]
See also[edit]
Byzantine law
Roman law
Celtic law
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Sandys 1911, p. 501.
Jump up ^ Carey 1998, p. 93.
Jump up ^ Carey 1998, p. 95.
Jump up ^ Carey 1998, p. 96.
Jump up ^ Carey 1998, p. 99.
^ Jump up to: a b Andrewes, p. 370.
^ Jump up to: a b c Andrewes, p. 371.
Jump up ^ Andrewes, pp. 381–382.
Jump up ^ Carey 1998, p. 106.
Jump up ^ Forsdyke 2008, p. 6.
^ Jump up to: a b Forsdyke 2008, p. 7.
^ Jump up to: a b Davidson, James (1994). "Review of The Shape of Athenian Law by S.C. Todd". The Cambridge Law Journal. 53 (2): 384–385. doi:10.1017/s0008197300099104.
Jump up ^ Gagarin 2003, p. 204.
Jump up ^ Goldhill, Simon (1994). "Representing Democracy: Women at the Great Dionysia". In Osborne, Robin; Hornblower, Simon. Ritual, Finance, Politics: Athenian Democratic Accounts Presented to David Lewis. Wotton-under-Edge: Clarendon Press. p. 360.
Jump up ^ Hamel 2003, pp. 141–142.
Jump up ^ Hamel 2003, p. 142.
Jump up ^ Hamel 2003, p. 143.
Jump up ^ Cronin, James F. (1939). "Review of J.H. Vince "Demosthenes Against Meidias, Androtion, Aristocrates, Timocrates, Aristogeiton"". The Classical Journal. 34 (8): 491–492.
Jump up ^ Gagarin 2003, pp. 198–199.
Jump up ^ Gagarin 2003, p. 206.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Sandys, John Edwin (1911). "Greek Law". In Chisholm, Hugh. Encyclopædia Britannica. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 501–507. This describes the topic in more procedural detail, and has a large set of citations.
Carey, Christopher (1998). "The Shape of Athenian Laws". The Classical Quarterly. 48 (1). doi:10.1093/cq/48.1.93.
Andrewes, A. "The Growth of the Athenian State". In Boardman, John; Hammond, N.G.L. The Cambridge Ancient History Volume III, Part 3: The Expansion of the Greek World, Eighth to Sixth Centuries B.C. ISBN 0-521-23447-6.
Forsdyke, Sara (2008). "Street Theatre and Popular Justice in Ancient Greece: Shaming, Stoning, and Starving Offenders Inside and Outside the Courts". Past and Present. 201.
Gagarin, Michael (2003). "Telling Stories in Athenian Law". Transactions of the American Philological Association (1974–). 133 (2). doi:10.1353/apa.2003.0015.
Hamel, Debra (2003). Trying Neaira: The True Story of a Courtesan's Scandalous Life in Ancient Greece. New Haven & London: Yale University Press.
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Charles Herbert
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other people named Charles Herbert, see Charles Herbert (disambiguation).
Charles Herbert
Born
Charles Herbert Saperstein
(1948-12-23)December 23, 1948
Culver City, California, U.S.
Died
October 31, 2015(2015-10-31) (aged 66)
Las Vegas, Nevada, U.S.
Occupation
Child actor
Years active
1953–1968
Parent(s)
Louis Saperstein
Pearl Diamond Saperstein
Charles Herbert Saperstein (December 23, 1948 – October 31, 2015), known as Charles Herbert, was an American child actor of the 1950s and 1960s. Before reaching his teens, Herbert was renowned by a generation of moviegoers for an on-screen broody, mature style and wit that enabled him to go one-on-one with some of the biggest names in the industry, and his appearances in a handful of films in the sci-fi/horror genre garnered him an immortality there. In six years he appeared in twenty Hollywood features.
Herbert supported his family from the age of five and went from being one of the most-desired and highest-paid child actors of his time to one of the multitude of performers Hollywood "discarded" upon reaching maturity. His situation and the lifetime of damage it created for him only recently came to light.
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Career
3 Quote
4 Personal life
5 Recent activity
6 Selected filmography
7 References
8 External links
Early life[edit]
Herbert was born Charles Herbert Saperstein in Culver City, California, the son of Pearl (Diamond) and Louis Saperstein.[1] According to Herbert, his career began when he was discovered by an agent: "I just happened to be riding on a bus while on a shopping trip with my mother one day, and a gentleman who was a talent agent in Hollywood, named Cosmo Morgan, saw me talking and must have thought I was cute or something. He gave me his card, which I immediately tried to give to the bus driver! That's basically how it started."[2]
Blue eyed and freckle-faced, Herbert began his acting career at age four when he appeared on the television series Half Pint Panel (1952). The Long, Long Trailer (1954) would have been his first movie, just after he appeared in the stage production of On Borrowed Time at the Rancho Theatre. However, after auditioning with some 40 other kids and chosen for a role, he was cut from the film.[citation needed]
This period was highlighted by a celebrated performance at age eight for his role as a blind child on an episode of Science Fiction Theater (1956). Airing December 22, 1956, "The Miracle Hour" episode is about a man who never gives up hope that his fiancée's blind six-year-old son will not have to spend the holidays in darkness. Herbert starred with Dick Foran and Jean Byron. Five years later he played the son of a blind man (Rod Steiger) in an episode of NBC's Wagon Train
Career[edit]
What followed included roles in such popular and cult films as The View from Pompey's Head (1955); The Night Holds Terror (1956); These Wilder Years (1956), with James Cagney and Barbara Stanwyck; Gunfight at the O.K. Corral (1957); The Colossus of New York (1958); The Fly (1958); Houseboat (1958); The Man in the Net (1959), with Alan Ladd; The Five Pennies; Please Don't Eat the Daisies (1960); and 13 Ghosts (1960), in which producer/director William Castle gave him top billing at the age of 12 in order to secure his services.
Herbert's final feature film and starring role was in The Boy and the Pirates (1960), produced and directed by Bert I. Gordon (Mr. B.I.G.), the master of giant monster films, costarring his daughter Susan. Herbert and Susan Gordon had previously worked together in The Man in the Net (1959), the hospital scene in The Five Pennies (1959), and a TV pilot episode entitled The Secret Life of John Monroe (aka The Secret Life of James Thurber). The 30-minute unsold pilot aired as the "Christabel" episode of Alcoa/Goodyear Playhouse, June 8, 1959. Very rarely seen, The Boy and the Pirates was released by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment as a Midnite Movies double DVD set with the more recent Crystalstone (1987), on June 27, 2006. An interest in pirate films was generated by Walt Disney Company's theatrical release of Johnny Depp's Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest on July 7, 2006.
Houseboat (1958), Herbert's favorite of his films,[2] cast him with Cary Grant, Sophia Loren, Mimi Gibson and Paul Petersen
During his peak, he was performing nonstop with multiple projects completed each year. By 1959, Herbert had achieved a lofty place among the most-desired and highest-paid child actors of his time, making nearly $1,650 per week. He had established for himself both the reputation and the nickname of "One-Take Charlie." Of his acting style, one reviewer described Herbert as "sincere, accurate, overenunciated at times, like a storybook character come to life. An extraordinary child actor by any standard. Herbert’s intense emotive quality is very much of the method acting school, highly unusual in such a young performer." [3]
Herbert's work had him opposite Cary Grant, Sophia Loren, David Niven, Vincent Price, Johnny Carson, Donna Reed, Doris Day, and Ross Martin, for all of whom he had high praise for their treatment of him. "Anybody who is in that category [a well-known actor] who is nice to the children is a nice person. 'Cause I worked with some who were not. Children and animals are not big favorites with movie stars."[2]
Starring screen roles in the 1950s soon evaporated, and Herbert was relegated to TV appearances in the 1960s. Growing into that typically awkward teen period, he was forced to subsist on whatever episodic roles he could muster, including bits on Wagon Train (1957), Rawhide (1959), The Twilight Zone (1962), The Fugitive (1963), Hazel (1963), Family Affair (1966), and My Three Sons (1966).
Herbert's career amassed 20 feature films, more than 50 TV shows, and a number of commercials during his youthful 14-year span.
Quote[edit]
“ I'm a big movie fan; I always have been, but I've never been a big science fiction fan. It's the only category of movies I'm not a fan of... I love comedies, I love dramas, action... For some reason, science fiction and horror movies have never been [appealing] to me. Maybe it's because of all the work I did in them. ”
Personal life[edit]
Because of the studio attitude toward child actors of the time, Herbert had a keen interest in the child actors of today. "I lost a lot more than the financial things. Financial things are way down the list for me. The way it’s set up in Hollywood is, I did 50 TV shows, the 20 movies, the commercials, all of that stuff... and when I turned 21, zero had been put away in the bank for me. It was not that way for every [kid actor]: If you signed a long-term contract--for instance, if you did Lassie or The Donna Reed Show or something--they put away like 5 percent for you. But if you were not on a long-term contract, ALL of the money you earned for the movies, for ALL the TV things, went to your guardians; and your guardians could do with it whatever they saw fit." The only money put away for Herbert until age 21 from his TV and film earnings was $1,700.[2]
Herbert and Vincent Price during their climactic "spider web scene" together in 1958s The Fly
Describing his studio education as "nonexistent," Herbert attended public schools (Melrose, Bancroft, Fairfax High) rather than one of the private schools tailored to the unique needs of child actors. "My parents made that mistake, without malice; they were not too familiar [with the problems that child actors face]." Herbert made up a story that he had a twin brother and that it was not him whom his classmates were seeing in movies and on TV. Referencing his role in the sci-fi movie classic The Fly, he said, "Back in those days, the very few people who did know I was an actor, when they were kidding me, they’d go, Help me, help me, help meeee!"...[2]
"Herbert was always happiest and at his best when he was performing. A talented actor, he felt secure and confident when the cameras rolled, but like many child actors, he faced difficulties adjusting to the real world beyond the controlled environment inside the studio walls. The career of a child actor often creates a profoundly troubling lack of identity at a difficult time, just after he has lost his commercial value" [4] with the onset of puberty.
Unable to transition into adult roles, Herbert's personal life went downhill as well. With no formal education or training to do anything else and with no career earnings saved, he led a reckless, wanderlust life and turned to drugs.[2]
Recent activity[edit]
With no family of his own, it took Herbert nearly forty years to turn his life around. Clean and sober since August 2004, his films—now reaching new generations of fans via DVD and cable TV—and his appearances at science fiction film festivals and conventions sustained him.[2]
He expressed deep appreciation of the work Paul Petersen's organization, A Minor Consideration, does by assisting present and former child actors both financially and emotionally. Herbert and Petersen played brothers together in the film Houseboat (1958), starring Cary Grant and Sophia Loren, and he guest-starred four times as David Barker from 1958 to 1960 on Petersen's ABC series, The Donna Reed Show.
Charles Herbert appeared annually for six years[when?] in the celebrity lineup at the Monster Bash, held each June, at the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Airport Four Points with his The Boy and the Pirates costar Susan Gordon. He died in Las Vegas on October 31, 2015, from a heart attack.[1]
Selected filmography[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1954 The Long, Long Trailer Little Boy Uncredited
1955 Screen Directors Playhouse Tommy Macy Episode: "Tom and Jerry"
1955 The View from Pompey's Head Pat
1956 Ransom! Butchie Ritter, Neighbor Boy Uncredited
1956 He Laughed Last Child Uncredited
1956 Science Fiction Theatre Tommy Parker Episode: "The Miracle Hour"
1957 Alfred Hitchcock Presents Street kid "The Night the World Ended"
1957 Gunfight at the O.K. Corral Tommy Earp (Virgil's son)
1957 The Monster That Challenged the World Boy with Morty's Cap
1958 The Colossus of New York Billy Spensser
1958 The Fly Philippe Delambre
1958 Houseboat Robert Winters
1958 to 1960 The Donna Reed Show David Barker 4 episodes
1959 The Man in the Net Timmie Moreland
1959 Riverboat Paddy Saunders Episode: "Witness No Evil"
1959 to 1960 Men into Space Peter McCauley 7 episodes
1960 The Ann Sothern Show David Episode: "Slightly Married"
1960 Please Don't Eat the Daisies David Mackay
1960 The Boy and the Pirates Jimmy Warren
1960 13 Ghosts Arthur "Buck" Zorba
1961 77 Sunset Strip Lester Embry Episode: "The Lady Has the Answers"
1961 Wagon Train Job Bevins Episode: "The Saul Bevins Story" with Rod Steiger and Vivi Janiss
1962 The Twilight Zone Tom Rogers Episode: "I Sing the Body Electric"
1962 The Eleventh Hour Steve Episode: "The Seventh Day of Creation"
1963 The Fugitive Cal Episode: "Nightmare at Northoak"
1963 Hazel Leslie Episode: "Hazel's Nest Egg"
1964 The Farmer's Daughter Arnold 2 episodes
1968 Family Affair Wendell Episode: "The New Cissy"
1968 Julia Clyde Whitmarsh Episode: "Who's a Freud of Ginger Wolfe?"
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References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b New York Times, Charles Herbert, child star known for roles in "The Fly" and "13 Ghosts" dies at 66
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Weaver, Tom (May 8, 2006). "Charles Herbert: So You Wanna Be a Kid Actor...?". Classic Images. Retrieved 2015-09-20.
Jump up ^ "The Boy and the Pirate". kiddiematinee.com. Archived from the original on 2005-12-18. Retrieved 2006-08-13.
Jump up ^ Parla, Paul (1996). "Hollywood Eats Its Children: An Interview with Charles Herbert". Classic Images. Archived from the original on April 14, 2006. Retrieved 2006-08-13.
External links[edit]
Charles Herbert on IMDb
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles_Herbert&oldid=802744610"
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