text:
Procession
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
For other uses, see Procession (disambiguation).
A procession (French procession via Middle English, derived from Latin, processio, from procedere, to go forth, advance, proceed) is an organized body of people walking in a formal or ceremonial manner.[1]
A funeral procession, illustrated in a manuscript of the Hours of the Virgin. Fifteenth century. British Museum, Add. MS. 27697.
Contents
1 History
1.1 Greco-Roman practice
1.2 Christian practice
1.3 Imperial China
2 Procession elements
3 Functions of processions
3.1 Advertisement
3.2 Change in government
3.3 Display of power
3.4 Entertainment
3.5 Solidarity
3.6 Events
4 Christian processions
4.1 Eastern Orthodox
4.1.1 Outdoors
4.1.2 Indoors
4.1.3 Gallery of Eastern Orthodox processions
4.2 Oriental Orthodox
4.2.1 Gallery of Oriental Orthodox processions
4.3 Roman Catholics
4.3.1 Gallery of Roman Catholic processions
4.4 Reformed churches
5 Processions in art
5.1 In film
5.2 In music
6 See also
7 Footnotes
8 References
8.1 Citations
8.2 Further reading
9 External links
History[edit]
A Royal Procession
Processions have in all peoples and at all times been a natural form of public celebration, as forming an orderly and impressive ceremony. Religious and triumphal processions are abundantly illustrated by ancient monuments, e.g. the religious processions of Egypt, those illustrated by the rock-carvings of Boghaz-Keui, the many representations of processions in Greek art, culminating in the great Panathenaic procession of the Parthenon Frieze, and Roman triumphal reliefs, such as those of the arch of Titus.[1]
Greco-Roman practice[edit]
Processions played a prominent part in the great festivals of Greece, where they were always religious in character. The games were either opened or accompanied by more or less elaborate processions and sacrifices, while processions from the earliest times formed part of the worship of the old nature gods, as those connected with the cult of Dionysus and the Phallic processions, and later formed an essential part of the celebration of the great religious festivals (e.g. the processions of the Thesmophoria, and that of the Great Dionysia), and of the mysteries (e.g. the great procession from Athens to Eleusis, in connection with the Eleusinia).[1]
Of the Roman processions, the most prominent was that of the Triumph, which had its origin in the return of the victorious army headed by the general, who proceeded in great pomp from the Campus to the Capitol to offer sacrifice, accompanied by the army, captives, spoils, the chief magistrate, priests bearing the images of the gods, amidst strewing of flowers, burning of incense and the like (Ovid, Trist. iv. 2, 3 and 6). Connected with the triumph was the pompa circensis, or solemn procession that preceded the games in the circus. It first came into use at the Ludi Romani, when the games were preceded by a great procession from the Capitol to the Circus. The praetor or consul who appeared in the ponipa circensis wore the robes of a triumphing general (see Mommsen, Staatsrec/zt I. 397 for the connection of the triumph with the ludi). Thus, when it became customary for the consul to celebrate games at the opening of the consular year, he came, under the empire, to appear in triumphal robes in the processus consularis, or procession of the consul to the Capitol to sacrifice to Jupiter.[1]
Christian practice[edit]
Christian Easter passion procession in Stuttgart, Germany (detail)
Christian Easter procession in Malaga, Spain
After the ascendency of Christianity in the Roman Empire, the consular processions in Constantinople retained their religious character, now proceeding to Hagia Sophia, where prayers and offerings were made; but in Rome, where Christianity was not so widely spread among the upper classes, at first the tendency was to convert the procession into a purely civil function, omitting the pagan rites and prayers, without substituting Christian ones[2] Only after Theodosius did the processions become a religious event, replete with icons, crosses, and banners. There were other local processions connected with the primitive worship of the country people, which remained unchanged, but they were eventually overshadowed by the popular piety of the Church. Such were those of the Ambarvalia, Robigalia, which were essentially rustic festivals, lustrations of the fields, consisting in a procession round the spot to be purified, leading the sacrificial victims with prayers, hymns, and ceremonies to protect the young crops from evil influence.[3]
Tertullian (2nd century) uses processio and procedere in the sense of to go out, appear in public, and, as applied to a church function, processio was first used in the same way as collecta, i.e. for the assembly of the people in a church.[4] In this sense it appears to be used by Pope Leo I,[5] while in the version by Dionysius Exiguus of the 17th canon of the Council of Laodicea (about 363–364) Ancient Greek: σονάξεσι, is translated by processionibus.[1][6]
For the processions that formed part of the ritual of the Eucharist, those of the introit, the gospel and the oblation, the earliest records date from the 6th century and even later,[7] but they evidently were established at a much earlier date. As to public processions, these seem to have come into rapid vogue after the recognition of Christianity as the religion of the empire. Those at Jerusalem would seem to have been long established when described by the author of the Peregrinatio Sylviae towards the end of the 4th century.[1]
Very early were the processions accompanied by hymns and prayers, known as litaniae, rogationes or supplicationes. It is to such a procession that reference appears to be made in a letter of St Basil,[8] which would thus be the first recorded mention of a public Christian procession. The first mention for the Western Church occurs in St Ambrose.[9] In both these cases the litanies are stated to have been long in use. There is also mention of a procession accompanied by hymns, organized at Constantinople by St John Chrysostom (c. 390-400) in opposition to a procession of Arians, in Sozomen.[10] In times of calamity litanies were held, in which the people walked in robes of penitence, fasting, barefooted, and, in later times, frequently dressed in black (litaniae nigrae). The cross was carried at the head of the procession and often the gospel and the relics of the saint were carried. Gregory of Tours gives numerous instances of such litanies in time of calamity; thus he describes[11] a procession of the clergy and people round the city, in which relics of St Remigius were carried and litanies chanted in order to avert the plague. So, too, Gregory the Great[12] writes to the Sicilian bishops to hold processions to prevent a threatened invasion of Sicily. A famous instance of these penitential litanies is the litania septiformis ordered by Gregory the Great in the year 590, when Rome had been inundated and pestilence had followed.[1]
In this litany seven processions, of clergy, laymen, monks, nuns, matrons, the poor, and children respectively, starting from seven different churches, proceeding to hear mass at St. Maria Maggiore.[13] This litany has often been confused with the litania major, introduced at Rome in 598 (vide supra), but is quite distinct from it. Funeral processions, accompanied with singing and the carrying of lighted tapers, were very early customary (see ceremonial use of lights), and akin to these, also very early, were the processions connected with the translation of the relics of martyrs from their original burying place to the church where they were to be enshrined.[14] From the time of the emperor Constantine I these processions were of great magnificence.[1]
Some liturgists maintain that the early Church in its processions followed Old Testament precedents, quoting such cases as the procession of the ark round the walls of Jericho,[15] the procession of David with the ark,[16] the processions of thanksgiving on the return from captivity, &c. The liturgy of the early Church as Duchesne shows[17] was influenced by that of the Jewish synagogue, but the theory that the Church's processions were directly related to the Old Testament ritual is of late origin.[1]
Festivals involving processions were adopted by the Christian Church from the pagan calendar of Rome. The litaniae majores et minores, which are stated by Hermann Usener[18] to have been first instituted by Pope Liberius (352-366). It is generally acknowledged that they are the equivalent of the Christian Church of the Roman lustrations of the crops in spring, the Ambarvalia, &c. The litania major, or great procession on St Mark's day (April 25) is shown to coincide both in date and ritual with the Roman Robigalia, which took place ad. vii. Kal. Mai., and consisted in a procession leaving Rome by the Flaminian gate, and proceeding by way of the Milvian bridge to a sanctuary at the 5th milestone of the Via Claudia, where the flamen quirinalis sacrificed a dog and a sheep to avert blight (robigo) from the crops.[19] The litania major followed the same route as far as the Milvian bridge, when it turned off and returned to St Peter's, where mass was celebrated. This was already established as an annual festival by 598, as is shown by a document of Gregory the Great[20] that inculcates the duty of celebrating litaniam, quae major ab omnibus appellatur. The litaniae minores or rogations, held on the three days preceding Ascension Day, were first introduced into Gaul by Bishop Mamertus of Vienne (c. 470), and made binding for all Gaul by the First Council of Orleans (511). The litaniae minores were also adopted for these three days in Rome by Pope Leo III (c. 800).[1]
A description of the institution and character of the Ascensiontide rogations is given by Sidonius Apollinaris.[21] The solemnity of these, he says, was first established by Mamertus. Hitherto they had been erratic, lukewarm, and poorly attended (vagae, tepentes, infrequentesque). Those he instituted were characterized by fasting, prayers, psalms, and tears. In the Ambrosian rite the rogations take place after Ascension, and in the Spanish on the Thursday to Saturday after Whitsuntide, and in November (Synod of Girona, 517).[1]
Imperial China[edit]
The Story of the Stone, written in the 18th century, contains a description of the procession accompanying an Imperial Concubine:
Presently a faint sound of music was heard and the Imperial Concubine's procession at last came in sight. First came several pairs of eunuchs carrying embroidered banners. Then several more pairs with ceremonial pheasant-feather fans. Then eunuchs swinging gold-inlaid censers in which special 'palace incense' was burning. Next came a great gold-coloured 'seven phoenix' umbrella of state, hanging from its curve-topped shaft life a great drooping bell-flower. In its shadow was borne the Imperial Concubine's travelling wardrobe: her head-dress, robe, sash and shoes. Eunuch gentlemen-in-waiting followed carrying her rosary, her embroidered handkerchief, her spittoon, her fly-whisk, and various other items. Last of all, when this army of attendants had gone by, a great gold-topped palanquin with phoenixes embroidered on its yellow curtains slowly advanced on the shoulders of eight eunuch bearers.[22]
Procession elements[edit]
Preparations for Estonian Song Festival procession by University of Tartu Folk Art Ensemble. Over 42 000 persons participated in that procession in 2014.
Many elements may be used to make a procession more significant than just "people walking in the same direction":
A special mode of transport, such as a ceremonial barge, elephant howdah, horse-drawn carriage, or a palanquin carried on the shoulders of others. Cleopatra's arrival to seduce Mark Antony on a perfumed barge has taken on legendary proportion. African kings sometimes ride in palanquins carved to look like luxury cars or other status symbols, while Muslim brides travel in camel howdahs as shown in Bride Arriving in a Village, Biskra, Algeria by Philippe Pavy. The Pope has traditionally been carried in a special sedan chair known as the sedia gestatoria. In humbler terms, a mayor, grand marshal, or fair "queen" of a local parade will often ride in the town's fanciest automobile.
Music, including everything from the choir of a church procession to the marching band of a military procession. Criers may march before the procession, yelling to clear the way for it. Some high school homecoming parades include trucks filled with people who do nothing but make as much noise as possible.
Order of precedence: even without showy display, a group of people walking forward may be said to form a procession if their order and placement clearly visualize a hierarchy or symbiotic relationship. For instance, one's nearness to the king or others of high rank had important political connotations when the royal family walked to or from chapel services at the palace of Versailles. Similarly, precedence came into play when the grandest Edwardian parties progressed from the sitting room to the dining room, and the stylized movement and hierarchy of marching military units clearly sets up a formal procession.
Bearers of banners, fans, icons, treasure, or other eye-catching items, or leading exotic animals. This was a very important part of Roman triumphs, as booty gave the Roman populace visual proof of the warrior's success. The most elaborate evolution of this is the spectacular floats of Carnival parades. A simpler example is the ring bearer at a wedding.
Scent, provided by flower bearers or censers of incense.
Skilled performers, such as acrobats or dancers
Special costume: traditionally, the costumes of acolytes, footmen, ceremonial guards, or slaves help show off the wealth of the person staging a procession. An ornate example was the embroidered train of George IV of the United Kingdom, carried at his coronation by nine lords in waiting with their own matching silken clothes, capes, ruffs, and plumed hats. Other examples include the Swiss Guard and high vestments of the Pope. The formal, matching clothes of bridesmaids and groomsmen are in the same tradition, although sometimes purchased at the attendant's expense rather than by the people honored in the ceremony. In egalitarian times and places, whoever has taken the time and money to put together something impressive may appear in a parade; such costumes are of course the focal point of Halloween parades such as that staged in Greenwich Village, New York. Finally, processions may be staged simply to show off the costumes as one part of a larger event, such as at fashion pageants, military reenactments, pop concerts, or Renaissance Festivals.
Special lighting: candlelight vigils for the deceased or to show political solidarity often include a candlelit procession. Fireworks illuminate such diverse events as coronations, parades, and Thai royal barge processions.
Spectacle, such as an aircraft flyover, or the confetti of New York ticker tape parades
The dispensing of gifts, at one time often food or money. Today, most people are familiar with the dispensing of beads at Mardi Gras and the throwing of candy at local fair parades.
Functions of processions[edit]
Advertisement[edit]
The Petit Doudou actors in the procession of the Golden Car in Mons (Belgium)
Edo-period documenters enjoyed drawing the processions of pleasure district beauties, such as Courtesan Parading With Attendants by Suzuki Harunobu. Similar parading courtesans feature in Cherry Blossom in the Evening on the Nakanomachi in Yoshiwara by Utagawa Hiroshige and True Scenery of the Gay Quarter of Minatozakimachi Shinminato by Utagawa Sadahide. The Lord Mayor's Show in London has long featured displays by the city's official trade guilds. Parades were at one time important advertisement when a traveling circus arrived in a new town. Today, many parades in the United States are sponsored by department stores, such as Macy's, which expect the public spectacle to lure shoppers to the store.
Change in government[edit]
The Reception of the Ambassadors From Siam at the Château de Fontainebleau was one such example, documented by Jean-Léon Gérôme in 1864. The signing of surrender by Japanese diplomats and soldiers aboard an American battle ship at the end of World War II involved a strictly codified procession on and off the ship.
Royal procession, design from the 14th century.
Processions play an important role in coronations, such as that of Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom in 1953, the Shah of Iran in 1967, Otumfuo Osei Tutu II of the Ashanti in 1999, and Norodom Sihamoni of Cambodia in 2004.
Display of power[edit]
Such as ancient Roman triumphs, the durbar processions of India, and modern reviewing of the troops by generals and heads of state. Return From Vienna, a painting by Jozef Brandt, shows war booty taken from the Turks being escorted into eastern Europe by soldiers.
Entertainment[edit]
Some processions are arranged for entertainment, purely for fun, such as those of community organizations and friendly societies, so popular in Great Britain and the United States of America.
Solidarity[edit]
Religious ceremonies have since prehistory employed the procession of holy objects to inspire solidarity of belief. The Doges of Venice once staged elaborate barge processions to bless the waters on which Venice's tightly controlled maritime economy depended. Symbolic processions were an important tool in the non-violent protest of Mahatma Gandhi. Marches on political capitals often include formal processions. Gay Pride parades also started with this basis in New York City.
Events[edit]
Graduation procession of King's College London, one of the founding colleges of the University of London, showcasing the academic dresses created by globally-renowned[opinion] fashion designer Vivienne Westwood during the Summer 2008 graduation.
Processions used to mark the beginning or end of an event, such as parades at the beginning of county fairs or at the Olympic Games, or processions that begin and end funerals, graduations, and weddings.
Christian processions[edit]
Play media
Chienbäse procession with burning wood bundles and fire carts in Liestal, Switzerland (2013)
Processions are found in almost every form of religious worship, such as Holy Week processions. Some biblical examples were the processions with the Ark of Covenant and the procession of Jesus on a donkey into Jerusalem.[23]
In a narrower sense of going forth, proceeding, the term is used in the technical language of theology in the phrase Procession of the Holy Ghost, expressing the relation of the Third Person in the Triune Godhead to the Father and the Son.
It is impossible to describe in detail the vast development of processions during the Middle Ages. The most important and characteristic of these still have a place in the ritual of the Catholic Church, as well as those of the Church of England and the Orthodox Church.
The Procession Path (Lat. ambitus templi) is the route taken by processions on solemn days in large churches—up the north aisle, round behind the high altar, down the south aisle, and then up the centre of the nave.[24]
Eastern Orthodox[edit]
Outdoors[edit]
Typically the procession commences with the phanarion (a lantern) followed by the cross,[note 1] flanked by processional banners and icons, then choir and clergy, the deacons with censers, the priests with icons, and then the faithful. Hymns particular to the event are sung. Typically the outside of the church is circled thrice; however, some processions proceed to a designated place where a ceremony, e.g., a baptism or burial, is performed.
Well-known processions prescribed annually include:
Pascha (Easter) — During the Paschal Vigil at midnight on Easter Sunday.
Bright Week Each day following at the end of the Divine Liturgy, when the Artos is carried and the paschal canon is sung.
Great Saturday With the epitaphios carried around the church thrice, as at a priest's funeral, the choir singing the Trisagion[note 2]
Theophany — When the Great Blessing of Waters is at a body of water or an external baptistry[note 3]
Paraklesis — Often on the patronal feast of a church, a procession around the outside of the church in conjunction with the paraklesis (prayer of intercession) to the church's namesake
Lity — May be held outdoors with a procession
Great Thursday — Sundry local customs
Well-known processions for occasional events include:
Funeral — The coffin is carried to the grave accompanied by singing of the Trisagion.[note 4]
Consecration of a church — The relics to be placed in the altar are, after an all-night vigil, carried in solemn procession to a nearby church, placed on the altar for an early divine liturgy, and then carried in solemn procession back to the church being consecrated.[25]
Indoors[edit]
Further information: Entrance (liturgical)
The "Little Entrance" at the divine liturgy and at vespers
The "Great Entrance" at the divine liturgy and, in modified form, at the divine liturgy of the presanctified gifts
Many occasions when a bishop presides, such as:
The meeting of bishop, when the youngest priest, all the deacons with censers, and lower clergy meet the bishop (who is escorted from his home by two subdeacons) at the western door of the church and solemnly escorted to the iconostasis and then to his throne for vesting
Whenever a bishop censes the entire church, he is accompanied by deacons with candles and subdeacons with the dikirion and trikirion
On Great Thursday, sundry local customs.
Gallery of Eastern Orthodox processions[edit]
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Photo of a lity procession on the Feast of Saint Nicholas in Piraeus, Greece
Photo of the commencement of the epitaphios procession at Great Saturday matins at Holy Trinity Monastery, Jordanville, NY, USA
Photo of a procession to behind the katholikon for the Lesser Blessing of Waters following an all-night vigil on Mount Athos at Esphigmenou Monastery on its patron feast, the Ascension
Photo of the pascal procession on Bright Tuesday (Easter Tuesday) at the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius in Sergiev Posad, Russia
Photo of priests in the pascal procession on Bright Tuesday (Easter Tuesday) at the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius in Sergiev Posad, Russia
Photo at a stop for reading the Gospel and blessing with holy water during the pascal procession on Bright Tuesday (Easter Tuesday) at the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius in Sergiev Posad, Russia
Photo of Russian Orthodox Old-Rite Church paschal procession in Guslitsa. Moscow region. May 2, 2008.
Photo of Finnish Orthodox procession
Photo of Paschal procession by Russian Orthodox Old-Rite Church in Guslitsa, Moscow region
Photo of a procession at Holy Trinity Monastery, Jordanville, NY, USA
Painting titled Procession in Yaroslavl by Alexey Bogolyubov, 1863
Painting titled Religious Procession in Kursk Province, Bright Week procession with the icon of Our Lady of Kursk (in shrine, at right), as painted by Ilya Repin, 1880-83 (State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow)
Photo of Two-sided portable icon for a procession (A. Our Lady of Smolensk. B. Ss. Nicolas, princes Boris and Gleb) (Russia, 16th century)
Photo of Russian Orthodox Church procession in Kiev. 2010
Photo of Russian Orthodox Church procession participant in Kiev. 2010
Oriental Orthodox[edit]
Gallery of Oriental Orthodox processions[edit]

Photo of Ethiopian Orthodox clergy lead a procession in celebration of Saint Michael. During such processions, the clergy carry Ethiopian processional crosses and ornately covered tabots around the church building's exterior (Garland, Texas)
Roman Catholics[edit]
For the Roman Catholic Church, the rules governing them are laid down in the Rituale Romanum (Tit. ix.), and they are classified in the following way:
Processiones generales, in which the whole body of the clergy takes part.
Processiones ordinariae, on yearly festivals, such as the feast of the Purification of the Virgin (Candlemas), the procession on Palm Sunday or Holy Week, the Litaniae Majores and Minores, the Feast of Corpus Christi, Forty Hours' Devotion and on other days, according to the custom of the churches.
Processiones extraordinariae, or processions ordered on special occasions, e.g. to pray for rain or fine weather; in time of storm, famine, plague, war, or, in quacumque tribulatione; processions of thanksgiving; translation of relics; or the dedication of a church or a cemetery.
There are also processions of honor, for instance to meet a royal personage, or the bishop on his first entry into his diocese (Pontif. Tom. iii.).
Those taking part in processions are to walk bare-headed (weather permitting), two and two, in decent costume, and with reverent mien; clergy and laity, men and women, are to walk separately. The cross is carried at the head of the procession, and banners embroidered with sacred pictures in places where this is customary; these banners must not be of military or triangular shape. Violet is the prescribed colour for processions, except on Corpus Christi, or on a day when some other colour is mandated. The officiating priest wears a cope, or at least a surplice with a violet stole, while other priests and clergy wear surplices.
Where the Host is carried in procession (often encased in a monstrance), it is covered always by a canopy, and accompanied by lights. At the litaniae majores and minores and other penitential processions, joyful hymns are not allowed, but the litanies are sung, and, if the length of the procession requires, the penitential and gradual psalms. As to the discipline regarding processions the bishop, according to the Council of Trent (Sess. 25 de reg. cap. 6), appoints and regulates processions and public prayers outside the churches.
The observance or variation of the discipline belongs to the Congregation of Rites; in pontifical processions, which are regulated by the masters of the ceremonies (magistri ceremoniarum pontificalium), these points are decided by the chief cardinal deacon. As to processions within the churches, some difference of opinion having arisen as to the regulating authority, the Congregation of Rites has decided that the bishop must ask, though not necessarily follow, the advice of the chapter in their regulation.[1]
Gallery of Roman Catholic processions[edit]
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Photo of the famous "Sanch Procession" celebrating the passion of the Christ (since 1461), once forbidden, is still celebrated in the French southern cities and towns of Perpignan, Arles-sur-Tech and Collioure
Photo of procession in Salta City, Argentina
Photo of procession on the feast of the Assumption, 15 August, in Paris
Photo of a Corpus Christi procession in Poznań, Poland, 2004: little girls carrying an Infant Jesus of Prague statue, followed by altar servers clothed in surplice and cassock
Painting of the Monument of Richard Stapleton in Exeter Cathedral (painting by S. A. Hart), showing a liturgical procession
Photo of the Škofja Loka Passion Play is a revived Baroque Passion procession from Škofja Loka, Slovenia. It is shaped as a play and represents stories from the life of Jesus.
Photo of the Our Lord Jesus Christ of the Miracles procession in Ponta Delgada (Azores).
Photo of the Grand Marian Procession in Los Angeles, California, an annual tradition revived in September 2011 by the Queen of Angels Foundation, founded by Mark Anchor Albert
Procession of the Holy Blood in Bruges, annual Procession.
Semana santa in Sevilla, Royal archbrotherhood of "La Carretería".
Reformed churches[edit]
Procession with the statue of the Blessed Virgin, Anglican National Pilgrimage at Walsingham, 2003
The Reformation abolished in all Protestant countries those processions associated with the doctrine of transubstantiation (Corpus Christi); the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper, according to the 28th Article of Religion of the Church of England was not by Christ's ordinance reserved, carried about, lifted up, or worshiped. It also abolished those associated with the cult of the Blessed Virgin and the saints. The stern simplicity of Calvinism, indeed, would not tolerate religious processions of any kind, and from the Reformed Churches they vanished altogether. The more conservative temper of the Anglican and Lutheran communions, however, suffered the retention of such processions as did not conflict with the reformed doctrines, though even in these Churches they met with opposition and tended after a while to fall into disuse.
Liturgical processions were revived in the Church of England by the members of the Oxford Movement during the 19th century.[26] In Ritual Notes, an Anglo-Catholic liturgical manual, it is stated that "A solemn procession as part of the ceremony proper to the occasion, is ordered to be held respectively at Candlemas; on Palm Sunday; at the Rogations (i.e. on April 25th and the three days preceding Ascension); and on Corpus Christi ..." "A procession is a distinct act of worship in itself, though it is desirable (and accords with ancient practice) that it should have a definite purpose, such as to commemorate some notable event, or to honour the Blessed Sacrament".[27]
The Lutheran practice has varied at different times and in different countries. Thus, according to the Württemberg Kirchenordnung of 1553, a funeral procession was prescribed, the bier being followed by the congregation singing hymns; the Brandenburg Kirchenordnung (1540) directed a cross-bearer to precede the procession and lighted candles to be carried, and this was prescribed also by the Waldeck Kirchenordnung of 1556. At present funeral processions survive in general only in the country districts; the processional cross or crucifix is still carried. In some provinces also the Lutheran Church has retained the ancient rogation processions in the week before Whitsuntide and, in some cases, in the month of May or on special occasions (e.g. days of humiliation, Busstage), processions about the fields to ask a blessing on the crops. On these occasions the ancient litanies are still used.
Processions in art[edit]
Vase with Processional Scenes, West Bengal/Chandraketugarh, circa 100 BC
The wealth of display associated with processions makes them a rich subject for literary and visual art. Some examples include:
Processions were popular subjects for the Romantic painters of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Fantastical Ludwig II of Bavaria was the subject of Sleigh Ride by Wenig. Spring, a painting by Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema, displays a romanticized Roman procession, while his Finding of Moses shows an heiress of the Pharaoh proceeding to the palace with her entourage. The exotic Queen of Sheba's Visit to King Solomon by Edward Poynter touches on a longstanding convention of elaborate processions from "the East". Walter Crane depicted Beauty being escorted by wigged monkeys in his 1874 Beauty and the Beast.
the opera Aida is known for its triumphal procession. The first staging included a live elephant on stage.
the processions of Tarkhaans and Tarkheenas are emblematic of Tashbaan's wealth and glamour in the book The Horse and His Boy by C. S. Lewis
In film[edit]
elaborate Chinese wedding processions feature in the films Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon and The Last Emperor
in the film Pillow Book, the heroine compares her wedding procession with the procession of a Heian Period empress. In another film by the same director, Peter Greenaway, the act of Prospero simply walking through his house becomes a lush, visual procession because of the house's wealth of literary and visual symbolism.
the Buddha discovers death, old age, and poverty while watching an elaborate procession in the film Little Buddha
the Nazi entourage in Raiders of the Lost Ark, upon arriving at their island base, begin an elaborate trek to the centre of the island, with soldiers holding aloft National Socialist standards. The procession is somewhat ostentatious given the climate, prompting the black-dressed Gestapo agent to remove his hat and wipe the sweat from his brow.
the film Jefferson in Paris includes a scene during which Thomas Jefferson and his daughter watch one of the daily processions that make up the royal ritual at Versailles
Illustration of part of the funeral procession of Queen Elizabeth I
the funeral procession of Elizabeth I of England is portrayed in the film Orlando
the triumphal procession of Helen and Paris into Troy begins the 2004 film of the same name
a spectacular procession introduces Prince Akeem's appointed bride in the film Coming to America
Fantasy
a utopian parade is depicted by James Gurney in his Dinosaur Parade
Processions appear in several Star Wars films, including award ceremonies at the end of The Phantom Menace and A New Hope, a funeral procession at the end of Revenge of the Sith, and a military procession during Return of the Jedi
the god Ra appears in a formal procession shortly before being overthrown in the film Stargate
the procession of Audrey Hepburn as an Italian princess set up the dilemma of her character at the beginning of the film Roman Holiday
the procession of Prince Ali in the Disney film Aladdin allows the hero to show off his newfound prestige
the procession of the wicked Skeksis into their regeneration chamber, and the following procession of their spiritual counterparts, the Mystics, marks the climax of the film Dark Crystal
In music[edit]
The Procession-Manchester Orchestra: where the singer tries to get over the death of someone at their funeral procession.[clarification needed][citation needed]
See also[edit]
The funeral procession of Queen Keopuolani of the Sandwich Islands
Cavalcade
Funeral procession
Parade
Processional hymn
Processional walkway
Statio
Uthsavar
Good Friday processions in Baliuag
March for Jesus
Footnotes[edit]
Jump up ^ For which reason this is called in Russian: Крестный ход, Krestnyi khod, cross procession
Jump up ^ In some traditions, a procession takes place on Palm Sunday as well.
Jump up ^ A similar procession takes place sundry other times when the Lesser Blessing of Waters is performed.
Jump up ^ If the deceased is a priest or bishop the clergy chant the Great Canon of St. Andrew
References[edit]
Citations[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Procession". Encyclopædia Britannica. 22 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 414–416.
Jump up ^ Daremberg and Saglio, Dictionnaire des Antiquités Grecques et Romaines, s.v. Consul.
Jump up ^ See Preller, Rm. Mythologie, pp. 370-372.
Jump up ^ Du Cange, s.v.
Jump up ^ Ep. IX. ad Diosc. episc. c. 445: qui nostris processionibus et ordinationibus frequenter interfuit.
Jump up ^ Smith, Dic. of Class. Antiq. s.v. Procession.
Jump up ^ See Louis Duchesne, Origines, 2nd ed., pp. 77, 154, 181; 78, 194.
Jump up ^ c. 375.
Jump up ^ c. 388, Ep. 40 16, Ad Theodos. monachos ... qui psalmos canentes ex consuetudine usuque veteri pergebant ad celebritatem Machabaeorum martyrum.
Jump up ^ Hist. eccl. viii. 8.
Jump up ^ Vita S. Remig. I.
Jump up ^ Ep. xi. 57.
Jump up ^ See Gregory of Tours, Hist. Fr. x. i, and Johann. Diac. Vita Greg. Magn. i. 42.
Jump up ^ See e.g. St Ambrose, Ep. 29 and St Augustine, De civitate Dei, xxii. 8 and Conf. viii. 7, for the finding and translation of the relics of Saints Gervasius and Protasius.
Jump up ^ Josh. vi.
Jump up ^ 2 Sam. vi.
Jump up ^ Origines, ch. i.
Jump up ^ Alte Bittgange, in Zeller, Philosophische Aufsatze, p. 278 seq.
Jump up ^ Fasti praenestini, C.T.L.T., p. 317.
Jump up ^ Regist. ii.
Jump up ^ Ep. v. 14.
Jump up ^ The Story of the Stone by Cao Xuequin, translated by David Hawkes, published by Penguin Books, 1973. Volume I, page 356
Jump up ^ Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Processions". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
Jump up ^ This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Procession Path". Encyclopædia Britannica. 22 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 417.
Jump up ^ The Great Book of Needs: Expanded and Supplemented (Volume 2): The Sanctification of the Temple and other Ecclesiastical and Liturgical Blessings, South Canaan, Pennsylvania: Saint Tikhon's Seminary Press, 2000, p. 57, ISBN 1-878997-56-4
Jump up ^ Cutts, E. L. (1895) A Dictionary of the Church of England; 3rd ed. London: S. P. C. K.; p. 482
Jump up ^ Cairncross, Henry, et al., comps. (1935) Ritual Notes; 8th ed. London: W. Knott; p. 104
Further reading[edit]
Serrarius, N. (1607) Sacri peripatetici, sive in Sacris Ecclesiae Catholicae processionibus libri duo. Cologne
Gretser, Jakob (1608) De Catholicae Ecclesiae sacris processionibus & supplicantibus libri duo. Cologne: H. Mylius
Dunlop, C. (1932) Processions. London: Alcuin Club
Cairncross, Henry; Lamburn, E. C. R. & Whatton, G. A. C., comps. (1935) Ritual Notes: a comprehensive guide to the rites and ceremonies of the Book of Common Prayer of the English Church; 8th ed. London: W. Knott; pp. 104–09
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Processions.
An Outdoor Procession
Outdoor Procession on the Feast of the Dormition
Outdoor Procession at Ascension Convent on the Mount of Olives at Jerusalem
Authority control
GND: 4176065-7
LCCN: sh85107145
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Procession&oldid=845239024"
Categories:
Walking
Christian festivals and holy days
Religious holidays
Ceremonies
Hidden categories:
Articles containing Russian-language text
Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference
Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference
Articles containing Ancient Greek-language text
All articles with minor POV problems
Articles with minor POV problems from March 2016
Wikipedia articles needing clarification from August 2012
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from August 2012
Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers
Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers
Articles containing video clips
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
العربية
Brezhoneg
Català
Čeština
Cymraeg
Deutsch
Eesti
Ελληνικά
Español
Esperanto
Euskara
فارسی
Français
Galego
हिन्दी
Hrvatski
Italiano
ಕನ್ನಡ
Kiswahili
Latina
Lëtzebuergesch
Lietuvių
Limburgs
Nederlands
Norsk
Norsk nynorsk
Polski
Português
Русский
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Svenska
Українська
中文
24 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 10 June 2018, at 12:10 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

attrs: class href

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

values:
/wiki/Procession_(disambiguation)
mw-disambig
Procession (disambiguation)

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

value: b

value: i

value: sup

value: p

value: img

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attrs: href class

attrs: href title

values: checkbox button toctogglecheckbox toctogglecheckbox display:none

values:
/wiki/Great_Dionysia
mw-redirect
Great Dionysia

values:
/wiki/Passion_(Christianity)
mw-redirect
Passion (Christianity)

values:
/wiki/Early_Church
mw-redirect
Early Church

values:
/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language
mw-redirect
Ancient Greek language

values:
/wiki/Catholic_Mass
mw-redirect
Catholic Mass

values:
/wiki/St_John_Chrysostom
mw-redirect
St John Chrysostom

values:
/wiki/St_Remigius
mw-redirect
St Remigius

values:
/wiki/Gregory_the_Great
mw-redirect
Gregory the Great

values:
/wiki/St._Maria_Maggiore
mw-redirect
St. Maria Maggiore

values:
/wiki/Emperor_Constantine_I
mw-redirect
Emperor Constantine I

values:
/wiki/Ark_of_the_covenant
mw-redirect
Ark of the covenant

values:
/wiki/Milvian_bridge
mw-redirect
Milvian bridge

values:
/wiki/Via_Claudia
mw-redirect
Via Claudia

values:
/wiki/Ascension_Day
mw-redirect
Ascension Day

values:
/wiki/Mamertus_of_Vienne
mw-redirect
Mamertus of Vienne

values:
/wiki/First_Council_of_Orleans
mw-redirect
First Council of Orleans

values:
/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus_Christ
mw-redirect
Ascension of Jesus Christ

values:
/wiki/Sedan_chair
mw-redirect
Sedan chair

values:
/wiki/Ring_bearer
mw-redirect
Ring bearer

values:
/wiki/Swiss_Guard
mw-redirect
Swiss Guard

values:
/wiki/Red_light_districts
mw-redirect
Red light districts

values:
/wiki/Utagawa_Hiroshige
mw-redirect
Utagawa Hiroshige

values:
/wiki/Utagawa_Sadahide
mw-redirect
Utagawa Sadahide

values:
/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Fontainebleau
mw-redirect
Château de Fontainebleau

values:
/wiki/Battle_ship
mw-redirect
Battle ship

values: Otumfuo Osei Tutu II (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Jozef_Brandt
mw-redirect
Jozef Brandt

values:
/wiki/United_States_of_America
mw-redirect
United States of America

values: This statement may be opinion presented as fact (March 2016)

values: noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Opinion

values:
/wiki/County_fairs
mw-redirect
County fairs

values: <video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Chienbaese.ogv/854px--Chienbaese.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" autoplay="" style="width:854px;height:480px" class="kskin" data-durationhint="595.456" data-startoffset="0" data-mwtitle="Chienbaese.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/Chienbaese.ogv/Chienbaese.ogv.480p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-title="SD WebM (480P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 480P" data-transcodekey="480p.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" data-bandwidth="1084224" data-framerate="25"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Chienbaese.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-title="Original Ogg file, 1,024 × 576 (1.11 Mbps)" data-shorttitle="Ogg source" data-width="1024" data-height="576" data-bandwidth="1113872" data-framerate="25"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/Chienbaese.ogv/Chienbaese.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-title="SD VP9 (480P)" data-shorttitle="VP9 480P" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" data-bandwidth="1175568" data-framerate="25"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/Chienbaese.ogv/Chienbaese.ogv.120p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-title="Lowest bandwidth VP9 (120P)" data-shorttitle="VP9 120P" data-transcodekey="120p.vp9.webm" data-width="214" data-height="120" data-bandwidth="212344" data-framerate="25"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/Chienbaese.ogv/Chienbaese.ogv.160p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-title="Low bandwidth WebM (160P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 160P" data-transcodekey="160p.webm" data-width="284" data-height="160" data-bandwidth="221408" data-framerate="25"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/Chienbaese.ogv/Chienbaese.ogv.180p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-title="Low bandwidth VP9 (180P)" data-shorttitle="VP9 180P" data-transcodekey="180p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="180" data-bandwidth="290128" data-framerate="25"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/Chienbaese.ogv/Chienbaese.ogv.240p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-title="Small WebM (240P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 240P" data-transcodekey="240p.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" data-bandwidth="323056" data-framerate="25"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/Chienbaese.ogv/Chienbaese.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-title="Small VP9 (240P)" data-shorttitle="VP9 240P" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" data-bandwidth="408160" data-framerate="25"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/Chienbaese.ogv/Chienbaese.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-title="WebM (360P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 360P" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" data-bandwidth="572000" data-framerate="25"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/Chienbaese.ogv/Chienbaese.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-title="VP9 (360P)" data-shorttitle="VP9 360P" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" data-bandwidth="700896" data-framerate="25"/></video>

values:
/wiki/Ark_of_Covenant
mw-redirect
Ark of Covenant

values:
/wiki/Jesus_on_a_donkey
mw-redirect
Jesus on a donkey

values:
/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy
mw-redirect
Eastern Orthodoxy

values:
/wiki/Patron_Saint
mw-redirect
Patron Saint

values:
/wiki/Lity_(Orthodox_Vespers)
mw-redirect
Lity (Orthodox Vespers)

values:
/wiki/Holy_Thursday#Local_customs
mw-redirect
Holy Thursday

values:
/wiki/Holy_Thursday#local_customs
mw-redirect
Holy Thursday

values: Edit section: Gallery of Eastern Orthodox processions

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: File:Epitaphios Procession Beginning at Great Saturday Mattins.jpg

values: File:Esphigmenou.procession for Little Blessing of Waters.jpeg

values:
/wiki/Lesser_Blessing_of_Waters
mw-redirect
Lesser Blessing of Waters

values:
/wiki/Esphigmenou_Monastery
mw-redirect
Esphigmenou Monastery

values:
/wiki/Sergiev_Posad
mw-redirect
Sergiev Posad

values: File:Crucession Davidovo-Gora- Elizarovo-Lyahovo Guslitci Moscow reg 8528.jpg

values:
/wiki/Moscow_region
mw-redirect
Moscow region

values: File:Crucession Davidovo Guslitci Moscow reg 8526.jpg

values:
/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Kursk
mw-redirect
Our Lady of Kursk

values:
/wiki/State_Tretyakov_Gallery
mw-redirect
State Tretyakov Gallery

values: Edit section: Gallery of Oriental Orthodox processions

values:
/wiki/Ethiopian_Orthodox
mw-redirect
Ethiopian Orthodox

values:
/wiki/Saint_Michael
mw-redirect
Saint Michael

values:
/wiki/Rituale_Romanum
mw-redirect
Rituale Romanum

values:
/wiki/Purification_of_the_Virgin
mw-redirect
Purification of the Virgin

values:
/wiki/Gradual_psalms
mw-redirect
Gradual psalms

values:
/wiki/Congregation_of_Rites
mw-redirect
Congregation of Rites

values: Edit section: Gallery of Roman Catholic processions

values: File:Procesión del Milagro en la provincia de Salta - Argentina.jpg

values:
/wiki/Corpus_Christi_procession
mw-redirect
Corpus Christi procession

values: File:S A Hart Monument Richard Stapleton Exeter.jpg

values:
/wiki/Ponta_Delgada_(Azores)
mw-redirect
Ponta Delgada (Azores)

values: File:2012 Grand Marian Procession, Downtown Los Angeles.jpg

values:
/wiki/Protestant_Reformation
mw-redirect
Protestant Reformation

values:
/wiki/Sir_Lawrence_Alma-Tadema
mw-redirect
Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema

values: The Finding of Moses (Alma-Tadema painting)

values:
/wiki/Pillow_Book
mw-redirect
Pillow Book

values:
/wiki/Heian_Period
mw-redirect
Heian Period

values: Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace

values: Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith

values:
/wiki/Fictional_character
mw-redirect
Fictional character

values:
/wiki/Roman_Holiday_(1953_film)
mw-redirect
Roman Holiday (1953 film)

values:
/wiki/Dark_Crystal
mw-redirect
Dark Crystal

values: The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (August 2012)

values:
noprint Inline-Template
margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2012)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values: Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition

values: Dictionnaire des Antiquités Grecques et Romaines

values: wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Procession Path

values: Saint Tikhon's Orthodox Theological Seminary

values: -moz-column-width: 35em; -webkit-column-width: 35em; column-width: 35em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
nofollow
external text
http://en.liturgy.ru/photo/x9.htm

values:
/wiki/Dormition_of_the_Theotokos
mw-redirect
Dormition of the Theotokos

values:
nofollow
external text
https://d-nb.info/gnd/4176065-7

values: Category:Christian festivals and holy days

values: Category:Articles containing Russian-language text

values: Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference

values: Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica

values: Category:Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference

values: Category:Articles containing Ancient Greek-language text

values: Category:All articles with minor POV problems

values: Category:Articles with minor POV problems from March 2016

values: Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from August 2012

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2012

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers

values: Category:Articles containing video clips

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Procession
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values: تطواف – Arabic

values:
https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosesion
Prosesion – Breton
br
br
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-br
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cy
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-et
display: none;

values: Λιτανεία – Greek

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-el
display: none;

values:
https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procesio
Procesio – Esperanto
eo
eo
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eo
display: none;

values:
https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prozesio
Prozesio – Basque
eu
eu
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eu
display: none;

values: دسته‌روی – Persian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gl
display: none;

values: जूलूस – Hindi

values:
https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procesija
Procesija – Croatian
hr
hr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hr
display: none;

values: ಮೆರವಣಿಗೆ – Kannada

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-kn
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sw
display: none;

values:
https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processio
Processio – Latin
la
la
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-la
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lb
display: none;

values:
https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procesija
Procesija – Lithuanian
lt
lt
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lt
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-li
display: none;

values:
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processie
Processie – Dutch
nl
nl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

values:
https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosesjon
Prosesjon – Norwegian
no
no
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

values:
https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosesjon
Prosesjon – Norwegian Nynorsk
nn
nn
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nn
display: none;

values:
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procesja
Procesja – Polish
pl
pl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values: Шествие – Russian

values:
https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procesija
Procesija – Serbo-Croatian
sh
sh
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sh
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

values: Процесія – Ukrainian

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Procession rootpage-Procession skin-vector action-view


text:
The Man Comes Around (song)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (October 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
"The Man Comes Around"
Song by Johnny Cash
from the album American IV: The Man Comes Around
Released
May 24, 2002
Genre
Folk[1]
country[2]
gospel[3]
Length
4:26
Label
American Recordings
Universal
Songwriter(s)
Johnny Cash
Producer(s)
Rick Rubin
John Carter Cash
"The Man Comes Around" is the title track from Johnny Cash's American IV: The Man Comes Around, released in 2002. It was written several years prior to the release of the album; however, Cash updated it for the album. It is one of the last songs Cash wrote before his death.[4] Both sung and spoken, the song makes numerous Biblical references, especially to the Book of Revelation.[5]
Contents
[hide]
1 Symbols and references in the lyrics
2 Music
3 History
4 Legacy
5 In popular culture
6 References
7 External links
Symbols and references in the lyrics[edit]
There are numerous biblical references in the lyrics.[5] A spoken portion from Revelation 6:1–2 in the King James Version[REV 6:1-6:2] introduces the song.[6] The passage describes the coming of the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, each heralded by one of the "four beasts" first mentioned in Revelation 4:6–9. The musical portion then begins with Cash reciting that "the man" (Jesus Christ) will one day come to pass judgment. The chorus indicates that these events will be accompanied by trumpets, (as in Revelation ch.8,9,11), pipers (Rev.18:22), and "one hundred million angels singing". The voice of the Lord in Revelation is often likened to the sound of a loud trumpet (Revelation 1:10; 4:1; and 8:13). Revelation 5:11 states that John saw that there are millions of angels in Heaven.
The song also alludes to the Parable of the Ten Virgins from the Gospel of Matthew (25:1–13) with the lyrics "The virgins are all trimming their wicks," a reference to the virgins' preparation of the Second Coming of Christ. The phrase, "It's hard for thee to kick against the pricks" cites Acts 26:14, where Paul the Apostle describes meeting Jesus while traveling to Damascus. It is a reference to a Greek proverb where a kicking ox only injures himself by attempting to kick against a goad, intended to represent the futility of resisting the Lord.
Elsewhere, the song mentions the wise men who bow before the Lord's throne, and cast their "golden crowns" at the feet of God. Revelation 4 refers to elders who worship the Lord and "lay their crowns" before Him (Revelation 4:10). "Alpha and Omega" refers to God himself. (Rev.1:8,11, 21:6, 22:13), but also to the cries of the newborn and the dying. "Whoever is unjust... etc" is a quote from Revelation 22:11.
Music[edit]
The arrangement of the song is sparse (although not so much as in some of Cash's later compositions, such as 'God's Gonna Cut You Down'); two guitars, piano (played in the bass register), and an electric organ.
History[edit]
Of the album's fifteen tracks, only three were written by Cash, with "The Man Comes Around" the sole song specifically penned for it, and the only song Cash wrote in its entirety.
The song was inspired by a dream Cash had about Queen Elizabeth II in which the queen compared Cash to "a thorn tree in a whirlwind." Haunted by the dream, Cash became curious if the phrase was a biblical reference and eventually found a similar phrase in the Book of Job.[7]
An alternative "early take" of the song appears on the Unearthed box set (2003) and The Legend of Johnny Cash (2005). The "Legend" version omits the spoken word intro and outro.
Legacy[edit]
The song was listed as the 296th best song of the 2000s by Pitchfork Media.
In popular culture[edit]
In 2003:
The song was used during the opening credits and closing credits of the 2003 film The Hunted.
In 2004:
The song was used during the opening credits of the 2004 remake of Dawn of the Dead.[8]
In 2008:
The song was used during a scene in the 2008 in the movie My Best Friend's Girl
The song was featured prominently in the final scenes of the season one finale of Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles
The song was featured in the closing scenes, last episode (Bomb in the Garden) of the HBO miniseries Generation Kill
The song was used during the opening and closing credits of the film Linewatch
The song was used in the opening sequence of the Criminal Minds episode "Elephant's Memory" (season 3, episode 16)
The album Sleepytime Tunes Lullaby Renditions of Johnny Cash, credited to The Lullaby Players, features an instrumental cover version done in a lullaby arrangement for children
In 2009:
The song was used on the final episode of BBC's Being Human in the warm up to what is supposed to be a battle between Mitchell and Herrick
The song was used in the opening sequence of the CSI episode "Better Off Dead" (season 10, episode 10)
In 2012:
The song was sampled in English DJ/Producer Doctor P's, song "Flying Spaghetti Monster" as part of his Animal Vegetable Mineral – Part 1 EP
The song was used in the climactic penultimate episode of the first season of the new Dallas series in August 2012
The song was used in the trailer and soundtrack for the 2012 film Killing Them Softly[8]
In 2013:
The first lines of the song were used in the pilot Sleepy Hollow.
In 2014:
The song was used in episode 11 of the first season of The Blacklist
In 2015:
The song was the soundtrack for an ESPN promotional TV spot for SEC football featuring each team's coach.
The song was used in the promo for Bray Wyatt vs Undertaker at WrestleMania 31.
In 2016:
Parodying its use in the opening sequence of Dawn of the Dead, the song was used in the closing film of the "Patriotism" episode (series 4, episode 3) of Stewart Lee's Comedy Vehicle.
The song was used during the opening and closing of SkySports coverage of the United States Grand Prix.
In 2017:
The song played over the end credits of the film Logan (directed and co-written by James Mangold who had previously directed the Johnny Cash biopic Walk the Line).
In 2018:
The final verse is referenced by the Father in the first chapter of FarCry 5.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ books.google.com Google Books
Jump up ^ American IV: The Man Comes Around album review - PopMatters Retrieved 10 February 2015
Jump up ^ Johnny Cash Joins Gospel Hall of Fame - Country Weekly Retrieved 10 February 2015
Jump up ^ Brinkley, T. (October 15, 2006), "Walking the Line", The New York Times (review), one of his last original compositions . (login required)
^ Jump up to: a b In the album's liner notes, Cash states that the song is "based, loosely, on the book of Revelation, with a couple of lines or a chorus, from other biblical sources".
Jump up ^ Beckett, Colin (1 September 2003). "Johnny Cash - American IV: The Man Comes Around". Stylus Magazine. Retrieved 2 December 2013.
Jump up ^ Kamp, David (October 2004). "American Communion". Vanity Fair. Retrieved 2 December 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Lewis, J. S. (27 October 2014). "Movie Music Moment: Dawn of the Dead ("When the Man Comes Around")". Cineflect. Retrieved 2016-08-09.
External links[edit]
Lyons, William John (2009). Lyons, W.J.; Økland, J., eds. "The Apocalypse according to Johnny Cash: Examining the 'effect' of the Book of Revelation on a contemporary apocalyptic writer" (PDF). The Way the World Ends? The Apocalypse of John in Culture and Ideology. Sheffield: Sheffield Phoenix Press: 95–122. Retrieved 2 December 2013.
[hide]
v
t
e
Johnny Cash
Studio albums
With His Hot and Blue Guitar
Sings the Songs That Made Him Famous
The Fabulous Johnny Cash
Greatest!
Songs of Our Soil
Sings Hank Williams
Now, There Was a Song!
Now Here's Johnny Cash
The Sound of Johnny Cash
All Aboard the Blue Train
Ring of Fire: The Best of Johnny Cash
The Original Sun Sound of Johnny Cash
I Walk the Line
Orange Blossom Special
Everybody Loves a Nut
Happiness Is You
Old Golden Throat
More of Old Golden Throat
Hello, I'm Johnny Cash
The World of Johnny Cash
Man in Black
A Thing Called Love
Any Old Wind That Blows
Ragged Old Flag
The Junkie and the Juicehead Minus Me
John R. Cash
Look at Them Beans
One Piece at a Time
The Last Gunfighter Ballad
I Would Like to See You Again
Gone Girl
Silver
Rockabilly Blues
The Baron
The Adventures of Johnny Cash
Johnny 99
Rainbow
Johnny Cash Is Coming to Town
Classic Cash: Hall of Fame Series
Water from the Wells of Home
Boom Chicka Boom
The Mystery of Life
American Recordings
Unchained
American III: Solitary Man
American IV: The Man Comes Around
Personal File
American V: A Hundred Highways
American VI: Ain't No Grave
Out Among the Stars
Concept albums
Ride This Train
Blood, Sweat and Tears
Bitter Tears: Ballads of the American Indian
Sings the Ballads of the True West
From Sea to Shining Sea
America: A 200-Year Salute in Story and Song
The Johnny Cash Children's Album
The Rambler
Gospel albums
Hymns by Johnny Cash
Hymns from the Heart
The Holy Land
The Gospel Road
Sings Precious Memories
A Believer Sings the Truth
Believe in Him
Return to the Promised Land
My Mother's Hymn Book
Christmas albums
The Christmas Spirit
The Johnny Cash Family Christmas
Classic Christmas
Johnny Cash Country Christmas
Collaborations
The Lure of the Grand Canyon
Carryin' On with Johnny Cash and June Carter
Johnny Cash and His Woman
The Legend of Jesse James
The Survivors Live
Highwayman
Class of '55
Heroes
Highwayman 2
The Road Goes on Forever
VH1 Storytellers
Live albums
At Folsom Prison
At San Quentin
The Johnny Cash Show
På Österåker
Strawberry Cake
Koncert v Praze (In Prague–Live)
At Madison Square Garden
A Concert Behind Prison Walls
Non-gospel soundtracks
I Walk the Line
Little Fauss and Big Halsy
Compilations
Greatest Hits, Vol. 1
Heart of Cash
Greatest Hits, Vol. 2
Sunday Morning Coming Down
International Superstar
Five Feet High and Rising
Destination Victoria Station
Greatest Hits, Vol. 3
The Unissued Johnny Cash
Johnny & June
Tall Man
Encore
Biggest Hits
The Man in Black 1954–1958
The Man in Black 1959–1962
Come Along and Ride This Train
The Essential Johnny Cash (1992)
Wanted Man
The Man in Black 1963–1969
The Man in Black – His Greatest Hits
16 Biggest Hits
Love, God, Murder
The Essential Johnny Cash (2002)
Unearthed
The Legend
The Legend of Johnny Cash
Johnny Cash: Patriot
16 Biggest Hits: Johnny Cash & June Carter Cash
The Legend of Johnny Cash Vol. II
The Complete Columbia Album Collection
Songs
"25 Minutes to Go"
"Seasons of My Heart"
"Any Old Wind That Blows"
"A Wonderful Time Up There"
"The Ballad of Boot Hill"
"The Ballad of Ira Hayes"
"Ballad of a Teenage Queen"
"Big River"
"Blistered"
"A Boy Named Sue"
"Busted"
"Cat's in the Cradle"
"Cocaine Blues"
"Cry! Cry! Cry!"
"Daddy Sang Bass"
"Dark as a Dungeon"
"Don't Take Your Guns to Town"
"Engine 143"
"Flesh and Blood"
"The Folk Singer"
"Folsom Prison Blues"
"Forty Shades of Green"
"Get Rhythm"
"Give My Love to Rose"
"Goodnight, Irene"
"Green, Green Grass of Home"
"Greystone Chapel"
"Guess Things Happen That Way"
"Hey, Porter"
"Home of the Blues"
"Hurt"
"I Couldn't Keep from Crying"
"I Love You Because"
"I Still Miss Someone"
"I Walk the Line"
"If I Had a Hammer"
"If I Were a Carpenter"
"In My Life"
"In the Jailhouse Now"
"It Ain't Me Babe"
"Jackson"
"Kate"
"The Man Comes Around"
"Man in Black"
"The Matador"
"Oh Lonesome Me"
"One Piece at a Time"
"Oney"
"Orange Blossom Special"
"The One on the Right Is on the Left"
"Remember the Alamo"
"(Ghost) Riders in the Sky"
"Ring of Fire"
"Rock Island Line"
"So Doggone Lonesome"
"Sunday Mornin' Comin' Down"
"Tennessee Flat Top Box"
"There Ain't No Good Chain Gang"
"A Thing Called Love"
"Understand Your Man"
"What Is Truth"
"What'd I Say"
Television
The Johnny Cash Show
Family
June Carter Cash
John Carter Cash
Rosanne Cash
Carlene Carter
Tommy Cash
Carter Family
Related
Albums discography
Singles discography
Sun Records discography
The Highwaymen
Carter Family Fold
Man in Black: His Own Story in His Own Words
Cash: The Autobiography
Johnny Cash! The Man, His World, His Music
Walk the Line
We Walk the Line: A Celebration of the Music of Johnny Cash
Ring of Fire (2013 film)
Ring of Fire (musical)
My Father and the Man in Black
Forever Words
Dyess, Arkansas
The Tennessee Three
Book
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Man_Comes_Around_(song)&oldid=833580880"
Categories:
Johnny Cash songs
Music based on the Bible
2002 songs
Songs written by Johnny Cash
Song recordings produced by Rick Rubin
Hidden categories:
Articles that may contain original research from October 2012
All articles that may contain original research
Articles with hAudio microformats
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Deutsch
Italiano
Nederlands
Polski
Simple English
Svenska
Edit links
This page was last edited on 1 April 2018, at 12:52.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: td

value: span

value: small

value: tr

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research

values:
/wiki/Universal_Records
mw-redirect
Universal Records

values: Edit section: Symbols and references in the lyrics

values:
/wiki/The_Gospel_of_Matthew
mw-redirect
The Gospel of Matthew

values:
/wiki/Second_Coming_of_Christ
mw-redirect
Second Coming of Christ

values:
/wiki/Electronic_organ
mw-redirect
Electronic organ

values:
/wiki/Pitchfork_Media
mw-redirect
Pitchfork Media

values: What He Beheld (Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles)

values:
/wiki/Generation_Kill_(TV_series)
mw-redirect
Generation Kill (TV series)

values:
/wiki/Undertaker_(wrestler)
mw-redirect
Undertaker (wrestler)

values:
/wiki/Walk_the_Line_(film)
mw-redirect
Walk the Line (film)

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values:
Johnny_Cash
fn
font-size:114%;margin:0 4em

values:
row
navbox-group
width:1%;background: #EEEEEE;

values:
/wiki/My_Mother%27s_Hymn_Book
mw-redirect
My Mother's Hymn Book

values: Heroes (Johnny Cash and Waylon Jennings album)

values: The Road Goes On Forever (The Highwaymen album)

values: VH1 Storytellers: Johnny Cash & Willie Nelson

values: Greatest Hits, Vol. 1 (Johnny Cash album)

values: Greatest Hits, Vol. 2 (Johnny Cash album)

values: Greatest Hits, Vol. 3 (Johnny Cash album)

values: 16 Biggest Hits (Johnny Cash and June Carter Cash album)

values: Johnny Cash: The Complete Columbia Album Collection

values:
/wiki/Busted_(Johnny_Cash_song)
mw-redirect
Busted (Johnny Cash song)

values:
/wiki/Greystone_Chapel
mw-redirect
Greystone Chapel

values: (Ghost) Riders in the Sky: A Cowboy Legend

values:
/wiki/What_Is_Truth_(song)
mw-redirect
What Is Truth (song)

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
navbox-abovebelow
2
background: #EEEEEE;

values: nowraplinks vcard collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Category:Song recordings produced by Rick Rubin

values: Category:Articles that may contain original research from October 2012

values: Category:All articles that may contain original research

values: Category:Articles with hAudio microformats

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/The_Man_Comes_Around_(song)
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: The Man Comes Around (brano musicale) – Italian

values: The Man Comes Around (song) – Simple English

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-The_Man_Comes_Around_song rootpage-The_Man_Comes_Around_song skin-vector action-view