text:
Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development constitute an adaptation of a psychological theory originally conceived by the Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget. Kohlberg began work on this topic while a psychology graduate student at the University of Chicago[1] in 1958, and expanded upon the theory throughout his life.
The theory holds that moral reasoning, the basis for ethical behavior, has six identifiable developmental stages, each more adequate at responding to moral dilemmas than its predecessor.[2] Kohlberg followed the development of moral judgment far beyond the ages studied earlier by Piaget,[3] who also claimed that logic and morality develop through constructive stages.[2] Expanding on Piaget's work, Kohlberg determined that the process of moral development was principally concerned with justice, and that it continued throughout the individual's lifetime,[4] a notion that spawned dialogue on the philosophical implications of such research.[5][6]
The six stages of moral development are grouped into three levels: pre-conventional morality, conventional morality, and post-conventional morality.
For his studies, Kohlberg relied on stories such as the Heinz dilemma, and was interested in how individuals would justify their actions if placed in similar moral dilemmas. He then analyzed the form of moral reasoning displayed, rather than its conclusion,[6] and classified it as belonging to one of six distinct stages.[7][8][9]
There have been critiques of the theory from several perspectives. Arguments include that it emphasizes justice to the exclusion of other moral values, such as caring;[10] that there is such an overlap between stages that they should more properly be regarded as separate domains; or that evaluations of the reasons for moral choices are mostly post hoc rationalizations (by both decision makers and psychologists studying them) of essentially intuitive decisions.[11]
Nevertheless, an entirely new field within psychology was created as a direct result of Kohlberg's theory, and according to Haggbloom et al.'s study of the most eminent psychologists of the 20th century, Kohlberg was the 16th most frequently cited psychologist in introductory psychology textbooks throughout the century, as well as the 30th most eminent overall.[12]
Kohlberg's scale is about how people justify behaviors and his stages are not a method of ranking how moral someone's behavior is. There should, however, be a correlation between how someone scores on the scale and how they behave, and the general hypothesis is that moral behaviour is more responsible, consistent and predictable from people at higher levels.[13]
Contents
[hide]
1 Stages
1.1 Pre-conventional
1.2 Conventional
1.3 Post-conventional
1.4 Further stages
2 Theoretical assumptions (philosophy)
2.1 Formal elements
3 Examples of applied moral dilemmas
4 Criticisms
5 Continued relevance
6 See also
7 References
8 Further reading
9 External links
Stages[edit]
Kohlberg's six stages can be more generally grouped into three levels of two stages each: pre-conventional, conventional and post-conventional.[7][8][9] Following Piaget's constructivist requirements for a stage model, as described in his theory of cognitive development, it is extremely rare to regress in stages—to lose the use of higher stage abilities.[14][15] Stages cannot be skipped; each provides a new and necessary perspective, more comprehensive and differentiated than its predecessors but integrated with them.[14][15]
Level 1 (Pre-Conventional)
1. Obedience and punishment orientation
(How can I avoid punishment?)
2. Self-interest orientation
(What's in it for me?)
(Paying for a benefit)
Level 2 (Conventional)
3. Interpersonal accord and conformity
(Social norms)
(The good boy/girl attitude)
4. Authority and social-order maintaining orientation
(Law and order morality)
Level 3 (Post-Conventional)
5. Social contract orientation
6. Universal ethical principles
(Principled conscience)
The understanding gained in each stage is retained in later stages, but may be regarded by those in later stages as simplistic, lacking in sufficient attention to detail.
Pre-conventional[edit]
The pre-conventional level of moral reasoning is especially common in children, although adults can also exhibit this level of reasoning. Reasoners at this level judge the morality of an action by its direct consequences. The pre-conventional level consists of the first and second stages of moral development and is solely concerned with the self in an egocentric manner. A child with pre-conventional morality has not yet adopted or internalized society's conventions regarding what is right or wrong but instead focuses largely on external consequences that certain actions may bring.[7][8][9]
In Stage one (obedience and punishment driven), individuals focus on the direct consequences of their actions on themselves. For example, an action is perceived as morally wrong because the perpetrator is punished. "The last time I did that I got spanked, so I will not do it again." The worse the punishment for the act is, the more "bad" the act is perceived to be.[16] This can give rise to an inference that even innocent victims are guilty in proportion to their suffering. It is "egocentric", lacking recognition that others' points of view are different from one's own.[17] There is "deference to superior power or prestige".[17]
An example of obedience and punishment driven morality would be a child refusing to do something because it is wrong and that the consequences could result in punishment. For example, a child's classmate tries to dare the child to skip school. The child would apply obedience and punishment driven morality by refusing to skip school because he would get punished.
Stage two (self-interest driven) expresses the "what's in it for me" position, in which right behavior is defined by whatever the individual believes to be in their best interest but understood in a narrow way which does not consider one's reputation or relationships to groups of people. Stage two reasoning shows a limited interest in the needs of others, but only to a point where it might further the individual's own interests. As a result, concern for others is not based on loyalty or intrinsic respect, but rather a "You scratch my back, and I'll scratch yours" mentality.[2] The lack of a societal perspective in the pre-conventional level is quite different from the social contract (stage five), as all actions at this stage have the purpose of serving the individual's own needs or interests. For the stage two theorist, the world's perspective is often seen as morally relative.
An example of self-interest driven is when a child is asked by his parents to do a chore. The child asks, "what's in it for me?" The parents offer the child an incentive by giving a child an allowance to pay them for their chores. The child is motivated by self-interest to do chores.
Conventional[edit]
The conventional level of moral reasoning is typical of adolescents and adults. To reason in a conventional way is to judge the morality of actions by comparing them to society's views and expectations. The conventional level consists of the third and fourth stages of moral development. Conventional morality is characterized by an acceptance of society's conventions concerning right and wrong. At this level an individual obeys rules and follows society's norms even when there are no consequences for obedience or disobedience. Adherence to rules and conventions is somewhat rigid, however, and a rule's appropriateness or fairness is seldom questioned.[7][8][9]
In Stage three (good intentions as determined by social consensus), the self enters society by conforming to social standards. Individuals are receptive to approval or disapproval from others as it reflects society's views. They try to be a "good boy" or "good girl" to live up to these expectations,[2] having learned that being regarded as good benefits the self. Stage three reasoning may judge the morality of an action by evaluating its consequences in terms of a person's relationships, which now begin to include things like respect, gratitude, and the "golden rule". "I want to be liked and thought well of; apparently, not being naughty makes people like me." Conforming to the rules for one's social role is not yet fully understood. The intentions of actors play a more significant role in reasoning at this stage; one may feel more forgiving if one thinks that "they mean well".[2]
In Stage four (authority and social order obedience driven), it is important to obey laws, dictums, and social conventions because of their importance in maintaining a functioning society. Moral reasoning in stage four is thus beyond the need for individual approval exhibited in stage three. A central ideal or ideals often prescribe what is right and wrong. If one person violates a law, perhaps everyone would—thus there is an obligation and a duty to uphold laws and rules. When someone does violate a law, it is morally wrong; culpability is thus a significant factor in this stage as it separates the bad domains from the good ones. Most active members of society remain at stage four, where morality is still predominantly dictated by an outside force.[2]
Post-conventional[edit]
The post-conventional level, also known as the principled level, is marked by a growing realization that individuals are separate entities from society, and that the individual's own perspective may take precedence over society's view; individuals may disobey rules inconsistent with their own principles. Post-conventional moralists live by their own ethical principles—principles that typically include such basic human rights as life, liberty, and justice. People who exhibit post-conventional morality view rules as useful but changeable mechanisms—ideally rules can maintain the general social order and protect human rights. Rules are not absolute dictates that must be obeyed without question. Because post-conventional individuals elevate their own moral evaluation of a situation over social conventions, their behavior, especially at stage six, can be confused with that of those at the pre-conventional level.[citation needed]
Some theorists have speculated that many people may never reach this level of abstract moral reasoning.[7][8][9]
In Stage five (social contract driven), the world is viewed as holding different opinions, rights, and values. Such perspectives should be mutually respected as unique to each person or community. Laws are regarded as social contracts rather than rigid edicts. Those that do not promote the general welfare should be changed when necessary to meet "the greatest good for the greatest number of people".[8] This is achieved through majority decision and inevitable compromise. Democratic government is ostensibly based on stage five reasoning.
In Stage six (universal ethical principles driven), moral reasoning is based on abstract reasoning using universal ethical principles. Laws are valid only insofar as they are grounded in justice, and a commitment to justice carries with it an obligation to disobey unjust laws. Legal rights are unnecessary, as social contracts are not essential for deontic moral action. Decisions are not reached hypothetically in a conditional way but rather categorically in an absolute way, as in the philosophy of Immanuel Kant.[18] This involves an individual imagining what they would do in another's shoes, if they believed what that other person imagines to be true.[19] The resulting consensus is the action taken. In this way action is never a means but always an end in itself; the individual acts because it is right, and not because it avoids punishment, is in their best interest, expected, legal, or previously agreed upon. Although Kohlberg insisted that stage six exists, he found it difficult to identify individuals who consistently operated at that level.[15]
Further stages[edit]
In Kohlberg's empirical studies of individuals throughout their life Kohlberg observed that some had apparently undergone moral stage regression. This could be resolved either by allowing for moral regression or by extending the theory. Kohlberg chose the latter, postulating the existence of sub-stages in which the emerging stage has not yet been fully integrated into the personality.[8] In particular Kohlberg noted a stage 4½ or 4+, a transition from stage four to stage five, that shared characteristics of both.[8] In this stage the individual is disaffected with the arbitrary nature of law and order reasoning; culpability is frequently turned from being defined by society to viewing society itself as culpable. This stage is often mistaken for the moral relativism of stage two, as the individual views those interests of society that conflict with their own as being relatively and morally wrong.[8] Kohlberg noted that this was often observed in students entering college.[8][15]
Kohlberg suggested that there may be a seventh stage—Transcendental Morality, or Morality of Cosmic Orientation—which linked religion with moral reasoning.[20] Kohlberg's difficulties in obtaining empirical evidence for even a sixth stage,[15] however, led him to emphasize the speculative nature of his seventh stage.[5]
Theoretical assumptions (philosophy)[edit]
Kohlberg's stages of moral development are based on the assumption that humans are inherently communicative, capable of reason, and possess a desire to understand others and the world around them. The stages of this model relate to the qualitative moral reasonings adopted by individuals, and so do not translate directly into praise or blame of any individual's actions or character. Arguing that his theory measures moral reasoning and not particular moral conclusions, Kohlberg insists that the form and structure of moral arguments is independent of the content of those arguments, a position he calls "formalism".[6][7]
Kohlberg's theory centers on the notion that justice is the essential characteristic of moral reasoning. Justice itself relies heavily upon the notion of sound reasoning based on principles. Despite being a justice-centered theory of morality, Kohlberg considered it to be compatible with plausible formulations of deontology[18] and eudaimonia.
Kohlberg's theory understands values as a critical component of the right. Whatever the right is, for Kohlberg, it must be universally valid across societies (a position known as "moral universalism"):[7] there can be no relativism. Moreover, morals are not natural features of the world; they are prescriptive. Nevertheless, moral judgments can be evaluated in logical terms of truth and falsity.
According to Kohlberg, someone progressing to a higher stage of moral reasoning cannot skip stages. For example, an individual cannot jump from being concerned mostly with peer judgments (stage three) to being a proponent of social contracts (stage five).[15] On encountering a moral dilemma and finding their current level of moral reasoning unsatisfactory, however, an individual will look to the next level. Realizing the limitations of the current stage of thinking is the driving force behind moral development, as each progressive stage is more adequate than the last.[15] The process is therefore considered to be constructive, as it is initiated by the conscious construction of the individual, and is not in any meaningful sense a component of the individual's innate dispositions, or a result of past inductions.
Formal elements[edit]
Progress through Kohlberg's stages happens as a result of the individual's increasing competence, both psychologically and in balancing conflicting social-value claims. The process of resolving conflicting claims to reach an equilibrium is called "justice operation". Kohlberg identifies two of these justice operations: "equality", which involves an impartial regard for persons, and "reciprocity", which means a regard for the role of personal merit. For Kohlberg, the most adequate result of both operations is "reversibility", in which a moral or dutiful act within a particular situation is evaluated in terms of whether or not the act would be satisfactory even if particular persons were to switch roles within that situation (also known colloquially as "moral musical chairs").[6]
Knowledge and learning contribute to moral development. Specifically important are the individual's "view of persons" and their "social perspective level", each of which becomes more complex and mature with each advancing stage. The "view of persons" can be understood as the individual's grasp of the psychology of other persons; it may be pictured as a spectrum, with stage one having no view of other persons at all, and stage six being entirely socio-centric.[6] Similarly, the social perspective level involves the understanding of the social universe, differing from the view of persons in that it involves an appreciation of social norms.
Examples of applied moral dilemmas[edit]
Kohlberg established the Moral Judgement Interview in his original 1958 dissertation.[4] During the roughly 45-minute tape recorded semi-structured interview, the interviewer uses moral dilemmas to determine which stage of moral reasoning a person uses. The dilemmas are fictional short stories that describe situations in which a person has to make a moral decision. The participant is asked a systemic series of open-ended questions, like what they think the right course of action is, as well as justifications as to why certain actions are right or wrong. The form and structure of these replies are scored and not the content; over a set of multiple moral dilemmas an overall score is derived.[4][9]
A dilemma that Kohlberg used in his original research was the druggist's dilemma: Heinz Steals the Drug In Europe.[5]
Criticisms[edit]
One criticism of Kohlberg's theory is that it emphasizes justice to the exclusion of other values, and so may not adequately address the arguments of those who value other moral aspects of actions. Carol Gilligan has argued that Kohlberg's theory is overly androcentric.[10] Kohlberg's theory was initially developed based on empirical research using only male participants; Gilligan argued that it did not adequately describe the concerns of women.[21] Kohlberg stated that women tend to get stuck at level 3, focusing on details of how to maintain relationships and promote the welfare of family and friends. Men are likely to move on to the abstract principles, and thus have less concern with the particulars of who is involved.[22] Consistent with this observation, Gilligan's theory of moral development does not focus on the value of justice. She developed an alternative theory of moral reasoning based on the ethics of caring.[10] Critics such as Christina Hoff Sommers, however, argued that Gilligan's research is ill-founded, and that no evidence exists to support her conclusion.[23]
Kohlberg's stages are not culturally neutral, as demonstrated by its application to a number of different cultures.[1] Although they progress through the stages in the same order, individuals in different cultures seem to do so at different rates.[24] Kohlberg has responded by saying that although different cultures do indeed inculcate different beliefs, his stages correspond to underlying modes of reasoning, rather than to those beliefs.[1][25]
Another criticism of Kohlberg’s theory is that people frequently demonstrate significant inconsistency in their moral judgements.[26] This often occurs in moral dilemmas involving drinking and driving and business situations where participants have been shown to reason at a subpar stage, typically using more self-interest driven reasoning (i.e., stage two) than authority and social order obedience driven reasoning (i.e., stage four).[26][27] Kohlberg’s theory is generally considered to be incompatible with inconsistencies in moral reasoning.[26] Carpendale has argued that Kohlberg’s theory should be modified to focus on the view that the process of moral reasoning involves integrating varying perspectives of a moral dilemma rather than simply fixating on applying rules.[27] This view would allow for inconsistency in moral reasoning since individuals may be hampered by their inability to consider different perspectives.[26] Krebs and Denton have also attempted to modify Kohlberg’s theory to account for a multitude of conflicting findings, but eventually concluded that the theory is not equipped to take into consideration how most individuals make moral decisions in their everyday lives.[28]
Other psychologists have questioned the assumption that moral action is primarily a result of formal reasoning. Social intuitionists such as Jonathan Haidt, for example, argue that individuals often make moral judgments without weighing concerns such as fairness, law, human rights, or abstract ethical values. Thus the arguments analyzed by Kohlberg and other rationalist psychologists could be considered post hoc rationalizations of intuitive decisions; moral reasoning may be less relevant to moral action than Kohlberg's theory suggests.[11]
Continued relevance[edit]
Kohlberg's body of work on the stages of moral development has been utilized by others working in the field. One example is the Defining Issues Test (DIT) created in 1979 by James Rest,[29] originally as a pencil-and-paper alternative to the Moral Judgement Interview.[30] Heavily influenced by the six-stage model, it made efforts to improve the validity criteria by using a quantitative test, the Likert scale, to rate moral dilemmas similar to Kohlberg's.[31] It also used a large body of Kohlbergian theory such as the idea of "post-conventional thinking".[32][33] In 1999 the DIT was revised as the DIT-2;[30] the test continues to be used in many areas where moral testing is required,[34] such as divinity, politics, and medicine.[35][36][37]
See also[edit]
Psychology portal
Elliot Turiel
Robert Kegan
William Damon, Purpose
Jonathan Haidt, Social intuitionism
Carol Gilligan, Ethics of care
Jane Loevinger, Stages of ego development
James W. Fowler, Stages of faith development
Moral hierarchy
Positive disintegration
Universal value
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c Crain, William C. (1985). Theories of Development (2Rev ed.). Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0-13-913617-7. Archived from the original on 2011-10-04.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Kohlberg, Lawrence (1973). "The Claim to Moral Adequacy of a Highest Stage of Moral Judgment". Journal of Philosophy. The Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 70, No. 18. 70 (18): 630–646. doi:10.2307/2025030. JSTOR 2025030.
Jump up ^ Piaget, Jean (1932). The Moral Judgment of the Child. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner and Co. ISBN 0-02-925240-7.
^ Jump up to: a b c Kohlberg, Lawrence (1958). The Development of Modes of Thinking and Choices in Years 10 to 16 (Ph.D. dissertation). University of Chicago.
^ Jump up to: a b c Kohlberg, Lawrence (1981). Essays on Moral Development, Vol. I: The Philosophy of Moral Development. San Francisco, CA: Harper & Row. ISBN 0-06-064760-4.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Kohlberg, Lawrence; Charles Levine; Alexandra Hewer (1983). Moral stages : a current formulation and a response to critics. Basel, NY: Karger. ISBN 3-8055-3716-6.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Kohlberg, Lawrence (1971). From Is to Ought: How to Commit the Naturalistic Fallacy and Get Away with It in the Study of Moral Development. New York: Academic Press.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j Kohlberg, Lawrence (1976). "Moral stages and moralization: The cognitive-developmental approach". In Lickona, T. Moral Development and Behavior: Theory, Research and Social Issues. Holt, NY: Rinehart and Winston.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Colby, Anne; Kohlberg, L. (1987). The Measurement of Moral Judgment Vol. 2: Standard Issue Scoring Manual. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-24447-1.
^ Jump up to: a b c Gilligan, Carol (1982). "In a Different Voice: Women's Conceptions of Self and Morality". Harvard Educational Review. 47 (4).
^ Jump up to: a b Haidt, J (2001). "The emotional dog and its rational tail: A social intuitionist approach to moral judgment". Psychological Review. 108: 814–834. doi:10.1037/0033-295x.108.4.814.
Jump up ^ Haggbloom, S.J.; et al. (2002). "The 100 Most Eminent Psychologists of the 20th Century". Review of General Psychology. 6 (2): 139–15. doi:10.1037/1089-2680.6.2.139.
Jump up ^ Section on Kohlberg's stages from "Theories of Development" by W.C. Crain (1985) Archived 2011-10-04 at the Wayback Machine.
^ Jump up to: a b Walker, Lawrence, J. (February 1989). "A longitudinal study of moral reasoning". Child Development. Child Development, Vol. 60, No. 1. 60 (1): 157–166. doi:10.2307/1131081. JSTOR 1131081. PMID 2702866.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Colby, Anne; Gibbs, J.; Lieberman, M.; Kohlberg, L. (1983). A Longitudinal Study of Moral Judgment: A Monograph for the Society of Research in Child Development. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press. ISBN 99932-7-870-X.
Jump up ^ Shaffer, David R. (2004). Social and Personality Development (5th ed.). Wadsworth Publishing. ISBN 0-534-60700-4.
^ Jump up to: a b Kohlberg, Lawrence (Oct 1974). "Education, Moral Development and Faith". Journal of Moral Education. 4 (1): 5–16. doi:10.1080/0305724740040102.
^ Jump up to: a b Kant, Immanuel (1964). Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals. Harper and Row Publishers, Inc. ISBN 0-06-131159-6.
Jump up ^ * Rawls, John (1971). A Theory of Justice. Cambridge, MA: Belkap Press of Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-01772-2.
Jump up ^ Kohlberg, Lawrence; Power, Clark (1981). "Moral Development, Religious Thinking, and the Question of a Seventh Stage". In Kohlberg, Lawrence. Essays on Moral Development Vol. I: Philosophy of Moral Development. San Francisco, CA: Harper & Row. ISBN 0-06-064760-4.
Jump up ^ Woolfolk, Anita (2012). Educational Psychology. Prentice Hall. p. 101. ISBN 9780132893589.
Jump up ^ Waller, Bruce (2005). Consider Ethics: Theory, Readings, and Contemporary Issues. Pearson Education. p. 115. ISBN 0321202805.
Jump up ^ Sommers, The War Against Boys.
Jump up ^ Harkness, Sara; Edwards, Carolyn P.; Super, Charles M. (1981). "The Claim to Moral Adequacy of a Highest Stage of Moral Judgment". Developmental Psychology. 17 (5): 595–603. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.17.5.595.
Jump up ^ Kohlberg, Lawrence; Carol Gilligan (1971). The Adolescent as a Philosopher: The Discovery of the Self in a Postconventional World. Daedalus.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Parke, R. D.; Gauvain, M.; Schmuckler, M. A. (2010). Child psychology : a contemporary viewpoint (3rd Canadian ed.). Whitby, ON: McGraw-Hill Ryerson. ISBN 0070782385.
^ Jump up to: a b Carpendale, J (1 June 2000). "Kohlberg and Piaget on Stages and Moral Reasoning". Developmental Review. 20 (2): 181–205. doi:10.1006/drev.1999.0500.
Jump up ^ Krebs, Dennis L.; Denton, Kathy (1 January 2005). "Toward a More Pragmatic Approach to Morality: A Critical Evaluation of Kohlberg's Model" (PDF). Psychological Review. 112 (3): 629–649. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.112.3.629. PMID 16060754.
Jump up ^ Rest, James (1979). Development in Judging Moral Issues. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 0-8166-0891-1.
^ Jump up to: a b Rest, James; Narvaez, D.; Bebeau, M.; Thoma, S. (1999). "DIT-2: Devising and testing a new instrument of moral judgment". Journal of Educational Psychology. 91 (4): 644–659. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.91.4.644.
Jump up ^ "Center for the Study of Ethical Development". DIT --Sample Dilemma: Heinz and the Drug. Archived from the original (Website) on 2007-06-29. Retrieved 2006-12-05.
Jump up ^ Rest, James; Narvaez, D.; Bebeau, M.; Thoma, S. (1999). "A Neo-Kohlbergian Approach: The DIT and Schema Theory". Educational Psychology Review. 11 (4): 291–324. doi:10.1023/A:1022053215271.
Jump up ^ Rest, James; Narvaez, D.; Bebeau, M.; Thoma, S. (1999). Postconventional Moral Thinking: A Neo-Kohlbergian Approach. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN 0-8058-3285-8.
Jump up ^ Rest, James (1986). Moral development: Advances in research and theory. In collaboration with Barnett, R.; Bebeau, M.; Deemer, D.; Getz, I.; Moon, Y.; Spickelmeier, J.; Thoma, S. and Volker, J. Praeger Publishers. ISBN 0-275-92254-5.
Jump up ^ Bunch, Wilton H. (2005). "Changing moral judgement in divinity students". Journal of Moral Education. 34 (3): 363–370. doi:10.1080/03057240500211543.
Jump up ^ Muhlberger, P. (2000). "Moral reasoning effects on political participation". Political Psychology. 21 (4): 667–695. doi:10.1111/0162-895X.00212.
Jump up ^ Hedl, John J.; Glazer, H.; Chan, F. (2005). "Improving the Moral Reasoning of Allied Health Students". Journal of Allied Health. 34 (2): 121–122. PMID 16032920.
Further reading[edit]
Crain, William C. (1985). Theories of Development (2Rev ed.). Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0-13-913617-7.
Kohlberg, Lawrence (1971). "From 'is' to 'ought': How to commit the naturalistic fallacy and get away with it in the study of moral development". In Theodore Mischel (ed.). Cognitive development and epistemology. New York: Academic Press. pp. 151–284. ISBN 0-12-498640-4. CS1 maint: Uses editors parameter (link)
Kohlberg, Lawrence (1973). "The Claim to Moral Adequacy of a Highest Stage of Moral Judgment". Journal of Philosophy. The Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 70, No. 18. 70 (18): 630–646. doi:10.2307/2025030. JSTOR 2025030.
Kohlberg, Lawrence (1981). Essays on Moral Development, Vol. I: The Philosophy of Moral Development. San Francisco, CA: Harper & Row. ISBN 0-06-064760-4.
Kohlberg, Lawrence; Charles Levine; Alexandra Hewer (1983). Moral stages : a current formulation and a response to critics. Basel, NY: Karger. ISBN 3-8055-3716-6.
External links[edit]
Library resources about
Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development
Resources in your library
Resources in other libraries
Moral Development and Moral Education: An Overview
Kohlberg's Moral Stages
Boston Review article covering the topic and other related areas
Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development
Summary and inspiration for Kohlbergs theory of moral development stages
[hide]
v
t
e
Human biological and psychological development
Before birth
Embryo
Fetus
After birth
Infant
Toddler
Early childhood
Childhood
Child
Preadolescence
Adolescence
Adulthood
Middle age
Old age
Definitions
Minor
Age of majority
Events and phases
Gestational age
Prenatal development
Birth
Child development
stages
Cognitive development of infants
Human development
Adult development
Puberty
Ageing
Senescence
Death
Developmental psychology
Antenatal
Positive youth development
Young adult
Positive adult development
Maturity
Theorists and
theories
Freud (1856–1939) (Psychosexual development)
Piaget (1896–1980) (Theory of cognitive development)
Vygotsky (1896–1934) (Cultural-historical psychology)
Erikson (1902–1994) (Psychosocial development)
Bowlby (1907–1990) (Attachment theory)
Bronfenbrenner (1917–2005) (Ecological systems theory)
Kohlberg (1927–1987) (Stages of moral development)
Commons (b. 1939), Fischer (b. 1943), Kegan (b. 1946), Demetriou (b. 1950), and others (Neo-Piagetian theories of cognitive development)
Evolutionary developmental psychology
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Kohlberg%27s_stages_of_moral_development&oldid=821720971"
Categories:
Developmental psychology
Morality
Moral psychology
Ethical theories
1958 introductions
Stage theories
Hidden categories:
Webarchive template wayback links
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from June 2017
Pages using div col without cols and colwidth parameters
Pages using Columns-list with deprecated parameters
CS1 maint: Uses editors parameter
Good articles
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Afrikaans
Български
Čeština
Deutsch
Español
فارسی
Français
한국어
हिन्दी
Hrvatski
Bahasa Indonesia
ქართული
日本語
Română
Русский
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 22 January 2018, at 06:15.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: This is a good article. Follow the link for more information.

attrs: href title

attrs: class id

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: b

values:
/wiki/Constructivism_(learning_theory)
mw-redirect
Constructivism (learning theory)

values:
/wiki/Theory_of_cognitive_development
mw-redirect
Theory of cognitive development

values:
/wiki/Ethic_of_reciprocity
mw-redirect
Ethic of reciprocity

values:
/wiki/Social_convention
mw-redirect
Social convention

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2017)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
/wiki/Democratic_government
mw-redirect
Democratic government

values: Edit section: Theoretical assumptions (philosophy)

attrs: alt src width height data-file-width data-file-height

values: Edit section: Examples of applied moral dilemmas

values:
/wiki/Formal_reasoning
mw-redirect
Formal reasoning

values:
/wiki/Post_hoc_theorizing
mw-redirect
Post hoc theorizing

values:
/wiki/Quantitative_property
mw-redirect
Quantitative property

values: display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle

values: margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px

values:
/wiki/Stages_of_faith_development
mw-redirect
Stages of faith development

values: div-col columns column-count column-count-2

values: -moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.2307%2F2025030

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.jstor.org/stable/2025030

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.2307%2F1131081

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.jstor.org/stable/1131081

values:
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier
mw-redirect
PubMed Identifier

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2702866

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1006%2Fdrev.1999.0500

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16060754

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3A1022053215271

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1111%2F0162-895X.00212

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16032920

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values: Category:CS1 maint: Uses editors parameter

values:
plainlist
padding:0 0.1em 0.4em;text-align:left;

values: float:right;clear:right;width:auto;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%

values: Piaget's theory of cognitive development

values: Erikson's stages of psychosocial development

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from June 2017

values: Category:Pages using div col without cols and colwidth parameters

values: Category:Pages using Columns-list with deprecated parameters

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: Stadiums van morele ontwikkeling van die mens – Afrikaans

values: Стадии на морално развитие – Bulgarian

values: Kohlbergova stádia morálního vývoje – Czech

values: Kohlbergs Theorie der Moralentwicklung – German

values: نظریه مراحل رشد اخلاقی لارنس کلبرگ – Persian

values: Théorie du développement moral de Kohlberg – French

values: 콜버그의 도덕 발달 단계 – Korean

values: कोलबर्ग का नैतिक विकास का सिद्धान्त – Hindi

values: Kohlbergova teorija moralnog razvoja – Croatian

values: Tahap perkembangan moral Kohlberg – Indonesian

values: კოლბერგის მორალური განვითარების თეორია – Georgian

values: ローレンス・コールバーグ – Japanese

values: Modelul stadial de dezvoltare morală al lui Lawrence Kohlberg – Romanian

values: Теория морального развития Л. Кольберга – Russian

values: 柯尔伯格道德发展阶段 – Chinese

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Lawrence_Kohlberg_s_stages_of_moral_development rootpage-Lawrence_Kohlberg_s_stages_of_moral_development skin-vector action-view


text:
Gus Malzahn
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Gus Malzahn
Sport(s)
Football
Current position
Title
Head coach
Team
Auburn
Conference
SEC
Record
45–22
Biographical details
Born
(1965-10-28) October 28, 1965 (age 52)
Irving, Texas
Alma mater
Henderson State University
Playing career
1984–1985
Arkansas
1987–1989
Henderson State
Position(s)
Wide receiver
Coaching career (HC unless noted)
1991
Hughes HS (AR) (DC)
1992–1995
Hughes HS (AR)
1996–2000
Shiloh Christian HS (AR)
2001–2005
Springdale HS (AR)
2006
Arkansas (OC/WR)
2007–2008
Tulsa (AHC/Co-OC/QB)
2009–2011
Auburn (OC/QB)
2012
Arkansas State
2013–present
Auburn
Head coaching record
Overall
54−25 (college)
Bowls
1−4
Accomplishments and honors
Championships
1 SEC (2013)
1 Sun Belt (2012)
2 SEC Western Division (2013, 2017)
Awards
SEC Coach of the Year (2013)
Home Depot Coach of the Year (2013)
Sporting News Coach of the Year (2013)
Eddie Robinson Coach of the Year (2013)
AP College Football Coach of the Year (2013)
Paul "Bear" Bryant Award (2013)
Liberty Mutual Coach of the Year Award (2013)
Broyles Award (2010)
Arthur Gustavo Malzahn III (born October 28, 1965) is the head football coach for the Auburn Tigers. He spent the 2012 season as the head football coach at Arkansas State University. From 2009 to 2011, Malzahn served as the offensive coordinator at Auburn University. In 2010, a season in which the Auburn Tigers won the national championship, Malzahn received the Broyles Award, which recognizes the top assistant coach in college football. Prior to his stints at Arkansas State and Auburn, Malzahn served as offensive coordinator at the University of Arkansas and the University of Tulsa.
In his first year as head coach at Auburn, Malzahn received national attention for coaching one of the biggest turnarounds in college football history at Auburn.[1] Malzahn inherited an Auburn Tigers football team that did not win a single Southeastern Conference game in the 2012 season, then led them to an SEC Championship and an appearance in the 2014 BCS Championship Game. The Tigers won their eighth SEC title and tallied a record of 12–2 (7–1 in SEC play) only a mere year after what was considered by many to be their worst season in 60 years. For his accomplishments, Malzahn received several "Coach of the year" awards including the 2013 SEC Coach of the Year, Home Depot Coach of the Year, Sporting News Coach of the Year, Eddie Robinson Coach of the Year, Bobby Bowden Coach of the Year Award, Paul "Bear" Bryant Award, and the AP College Football Coach of the Year.
Contents
[hide]
1 Playing career
2 High school coaching career
3 College coaching career
3.1 As offensive coordinator
3.1.1 Arkansas
3.1.2 Tulsa
3.1.3 Auburn
3.2 As head coach
3.2.1 Arkansas State
3.2.2 Auburn
4 Offensive philosophy
4.1 Pass vs. run balance
5 Coaching tree
6 College head coaching record
7 Published works
8 Personal life
9 References
10 Further reading
11 External links
Playing career[edit]
Malzahn graduated from Fort Smith Christian High School in Fort Smith, Arkansas in 1984 and was a walk-on receiver at Arkansas under then-head coach Ken Hatfield in 1984 and 1985 before transferring to Henderson State University located in Arkadelphia, Arkansas, where he was a two-year letterman (1988, 1989) and earned his bachelor's degree in physical education in 1990.
High school coaching career[edit]
Malzahn got his start as the defensive coordinator at Hughes High School in Hughes, Arkansas in 1991. He became head coach in 1992 and in 1994 Hughes reached the state championship game with an upset of Pine Bluff Dollarway. Hughes fell just short in the title game, losing to Lonoke High School on an interception in the final minute.
Malzahn's success at Hughes and his wide-open attack landed him a head coaching position at Shiloh Christian in 1996. From 1996 to 2000, he transformed Shiloh Christian into one of the most dynamic offensive prep squads in the nation. In 1998, Shiloh Christian set a national record with 66 passing touchdowns for the season, while quarterback Josh Floyd nearly set an individual national record with 5,878 total yards (5,221 passing, 657 rushing).[2] Malzahn guided the Saints to back-to-back state championships in 1998 and 1999.
In 2001, Malzahn took over for long-time coach Jarrell Williams at Springdale High School. Malzahn continued the rich tradition of the Bulldogs’ program. He led the program to two state championship game appearances in his last four years, winning the title in 2005.
Malzahn led his squad to the state title game in only his second season in 2002. The Bulldogs lost 17–10 to Fort Smith Southside.
Springdale was on track for another state title game appearance in 2004 before Little Rock Central sidetracked the Bulldogs’ title hopes in the state semifinals. Springdale was upset by the eventual state champion, 31–20. The Bulldogs finished the season at 12–1.
Malzahn's 2005 squad at Springdale went 14–0, easily won the state’s Class 5A championship, outscored its opponents 664–118, including a 54–20 victory over West Memphis in the state championship game, and was consistently ranked among the top 10 teams in the nation.
Included on the championship team were prize recruits Mitch Mustain, Ben Cleveland, Andrew Norman, and Damian Williams who all eventually joined Malzahn at the University of Arkansas. Offensive tackle Bartley Webb decided to leave the state to play for the University of Notre Dame.
In 2013, Malzahn was inducted into the Arkansas High School Coaches Association's Hall of Fame.[3][4]
College coaching career[edit]
As offensive coordinator[edit]
Arkansas[edit]
Malzahn joined Houston Nutt's staff on December 9, 2005, as offensive coordinator and wide receivers coach,[5] following an impressive five-year run at Springdale High School capped by one of the most dominant seasons by any high school in 2005. Given that much of Springdale High's football talent decided to follow Malzahn to Arkansas and the fact that Malzahn had never coached in college, many questioned what Houston Nutt's motives were. Malzahn was part of the Razorbacks 2006 season in which they won the SEC Western Division championship. However, their season ended with three straight losses to LSU, Florida in the SEC Championship Game, and Wisconsin in the Capital One Bowl to finish with a 10–4 record.
There was a widely reported tension between Houston Nutt's reliance on the ground game (which turned out to be one of the best running games in the nation in 2006) and Malzahn's philosophy of spreading the field with a no-huddle offense. The poor ending of the season only added stress to the already tense coaching relationship. Malzahn was named the National Offensive Coordinator of the Year by Rivals.com.
Despite this tension, the 2006 season served as a breakout for running backs Darren McFadden (1,647 yards with 14 TD) and Felix Jones (1,168 yards with 6 TD).[6] Wide receiver Marcus Monk had 962 yards receiving with 11 touchdowns despite catching passes from two quarterbacks.
In January 2007, Malzahn received an offer from the University of Tulsa and his friend, new head coach Todd Graham. He took the Tulsa job to be offensive coordinator and Assistant Head Coach. Shortly after, both Mustain and Williams decided to transfer to the University of Southern California.
Tulsa[edit]
During the 2007 season, Malzahn emerged as one of the premier offensive coordinators in the nation, as Tulsa ranked first in the nation in total yards per game, ahead of Texas Tech and Hawaii, and with a more balanced attack than both teams.[7] The Golden Hurricane also ranked 3rd in the nation in passing[8] and led their conference in scoring. Tulsa became the first team in NCAA history to have a 5,000-yard passer, a 1,000-yard rusher and three 1,000-yard receivers in a single season.[9][10]
After the regular season, Malzahn interviewed for the open position at Arkansas once Nutt resigned in November 2007.[11]
In 2008, Tulsa was once again the nation's most prolific attack, leading with nearly 7,980 total yards of offense averaging 570 yards per game.[12] The Golden Hurricane were ranked second in the nation in scoring behind Oklahoma, scoring over 47 points per game.[13] Tulsa not only ranked second in the nation in scoring that year, but finished with the second highest scoring offense in the history of major college football. The offense was also the nation's most balanced attack, ranking fifth in the nation in rushing[14] and 9th in passing.[15] The Tulsa quarterbacks finished third in the nation in passing efficiency, behind only Oklahoma and Texas.[16]
Auburn[edit]
Malzahn was named the offensive coordinator at Auburn University by first year head coach Gene Chizik on December 28, 2008.[17] Under Malzahn, Auburn made significant improvements over the previous season's offensive production; the Tigers finished the season ranked 16th in total offense (2nd in the SEC against all opponents) with just under 432 yards per game[18] and 17th in scoring with over 33 points per game[19] after being tied for 110th in the nation in scoring the previous season.[20] Although he still made significant improvements in his first year, against SEC competition Auburn managed 377.1 total yards a game which placed them 4th in the SEC (behind Alabama, Arkansas, and Ole Miss).[21] His first season broke the Auburn single season total offense record previously set by the undefeated 2004 team. Head coach Gene Chizik had stressed prior to the season that he intended to focus on the run game which showed great improvement as well; the rushing offense finished the season ranked 13th in the nation with 212 yards per game[22] after being ranked 69th prior to the new coaching staff's arrival.[23] Passing numbers also improved under the new offensive scheme, with the passing efficiency ranking ending up 22nd nationally[24] after being ranked 106th in 2008.[25] Senior quarterback Chris Todd set a single-season touchdown record at Auburn and finished the season with a passer rating of 145.73, ranking him 18th in the nation.[26] During the 2009 season, Auburn's offense under Malzahn, produced 120 plays of 15 yards or more, nearly doubling the 62 compiled in 2008.
In 2010, Malzahn's offense, led by Heisman Trophy winner Cam Newton at quarterback, helped Auburn achieve an undefeated record, a No. 1 national ranking after the regular season[27] and a berth in the BCS Championship game, played on January 10, 2011. Auburn led the SEC in scoring offense, total offense, rushing offense, pass efficiency, first downs and third down conversions[28] on its way to a 13–0 record and a 56–17 victory over South Carolina in the SEC Championship Game. Malzahn was awarded the 2010 Broyles Award, recognizing him as the top assistant coach in the nation. Auburn went on to win the 2011 BCS National Championship Game against Oregon.
In 2011, ESPN selected Malzahn as one of the best recruiters in the Southeastern Conference.[29]
As head coach[edit]
Arkansas State[edit]
On December 13, 2011, Malzahn left Auburn to accept the position of head football coach at Arkansas State University.[30] In his first and only year at Arkansas State, Malzahn led the team to a 9-3 record (not including the Bowl Game) and a Conference Championship with a win over Middle Tennessee State, 45–0. One of Malzahn's players, Don Jones, was selected by the Miami Dolphins in the seventh round of the 2013 draft and made the team as a safety.
Quarterback Ryan Aplin showcased Malzahn's evolving spread dual attack by throwing for 3,342 yards with 24 TD and running for 438 yards with 6 more TD.[31] RB David Oku would add 1,061 yards with 16 TD and WR J.D. McKissic had 103 catches for 1,022 yards with five touchdowns.
Auburn[edit]
On December 4, 2012, Malzahn was announced to replace Gene Chizik as the head coach of Auburn University shortly after winning the Sun Belt Conference Championship. Malzahn's first hires were Defensive Coordinator Ellis Johnson (former head coach at Southern Miss and previously coached as Defensive Coordinator at several SEC schools) and Offensive Coordinator Rhett Lashlee (who followed Malzahn from Arkansas State where he was also the Offensive Coordinator).
In 2013, the Auburn Tiger offense under Malzahn was led by quarterback Nick Marshall. On November 16, 2013 with the Tigers down by 1 against Georgia facing 4th-and-18 and 36 seconds left in the game, Malzahn called the play "Little Rock" for Marshall which would become known as "The Prayer at Jordan-Hare". Marshall hit Ricardo Louis on a tipped 73-yard Hail Mary pass to give Auburn the victory.
Two weeks later, in the Iron Bowl against Alabama, Malzahn's Tigers avenged two consecutive blowout losses to the Tide with a dramatic 34-28 win, clinched on an epic 109-yard return of a missed field goal (100 yards under NCAA scoring rules) for the game-winning touchdown as time expired. The win completed the greatest single-season turnaround in SEC history, and gave Auburn the SEC West title. Auburn would go on to win the 2013 SEC Championship game later that year against the Missouri Tigers. On December 8, 2013, it was announced that Auburn will play the Florida State Seminoles in the 2014 BCS Championship Game.
After leading the heavily favored Seminoles 21-3 in the second quarter, Auburn failed to stay in front and the lead slowly slipped away. The Heisman trophy winner Jameis Winston stepped up in the 4th quarter and rallied the Seminoles to a victory, leading the way with 6/7 passing for 77 yards on route to the go-ahead scoring touchdown.[32] Auburn lost in the 2014 BCS Championship Game to the Florida State Seminoles by a score of 34-31.
Malzahn won the prestigious 2013 Eddie Robinson Coach of the Year, Sporting News College Football Coach of the Year, and Home Depot Coach of the Year Awards as well as the SEC Coach of the Year by the AP and coaches. On December 10, 2013, fans voted him the recipient of the inaugural Premier Coach of College Football Award. On December 23, 2013, it was announced that Malzahn had won the Associated Press National Coach of the Year, edging out Duke's David Cutcliffe, 33 votes to 17. Malzahn is only the second coach to win the award in his first season with a new team.[33] In January 2014 after the national championship game, Malzahn added the Paul "Bear" Bryant Award and the Bobby Bowden Coach of the Year Award to bring the total number of national coach of the year awards to six for the first year head coach in the 2013-14 season.
In 2017, Malzahn led the Tigers to the SEC Championship game by defeating #2 ranked Georgia and #1 ranked Alabama over the span of three weeks. In a rematch with the Georgia Bulldogs, Auburn lost the 2017 SEC Championship Game 28–7. Immediately after the season, Malzahn agreed to a seven-year $49 million contract extension with Auburn.[34]
Offensive philosophy[edit]
Malzahn's is known for his hurry-up, no-huddle offensive philosophy. In January 2003, he published a book and instructional video titled Hurry Up No Huddle – An Offensive Philosophy (ISBN 9781585186549), that became the blueprint for the offensive wave engulfing the state of Arkansas.[35] Several National Football League teams adopted some of Malzahn's offensive strategies.[36] One of the key aspects of Malzahn's offense is the balance that he has between passing and running the ball.
Pass vs. run balance[edit]
2006 Arkansas: 302 vs. 546 (64% run)
2007 Tulsa: 564 vs. 562 (50%)
2008 Tulsa: 432 vs. 674 (61% run)
2009 Auburn: 364 vs. 550 (61% run)
2010 Auburn: 296 vs. 652 (69% run)
2011 Auburn: 292 vs. 536 (65% run)
2012 Arkansas State: 411 vs. 540 (57% run)
2013 Auburn: 285 vs. 729 (72% run)
2014 Auburn: 332 vs. 607 (65% run)
2015 Auburn: 306 vs. 587 (66% run)
2016 Auburn: 201 vs. 482 (71% run)
Coaching tree[edit]
Notable head coaches under whom Malzahn has served:
Houston Nutt: Murray State (1993–1996), Boise State (1997), Arkansas (1998–2007), Ole Miss (2008–2011)
Todd Graham: Rice (2006), Tulsa (2007–2010), Pitt (2011), Arizona State (2012–2017)
Gene Chizik: Iowa State (2007–2008), Auburn (2009–2012)
Assistants under Malzahn who have become head coaches:
Will Muschamp: Florida (2011–2014), South Carolina (2016–present)
College head coaching record[edit]
Year
Team
Overall
Conference
Standing
Bowl/playoffs
Coaches#
AP°
Arkansas State Red Wolves (Sun Belt Conference) (2012)
2012 Arkansas State 9–3 7–1 1st GoDaddy.com*
Arkansas State: 9–3 7–1 * Did not coach bowl game
Auburn Tigers (Southeastern Conference) (2013–present)
2013 Auburn 12–2 7–1 T–1st (Western) L BCS NCG† 2 2
2014 Auburn 8–5 4–4 T–4th (Western) L Outback 23 22
2015 Auburn 7–6 2–6 7th (Western) W Birmingham
2016 Auburn 8–5 5–3 T–2nd (Western) L Sugar† 22 24
2017 Auburn 10–4 7–1 T–1st (Western) L Peach† 12 10
Auburn: 45–22 25–15
Total: 54–25
National championship Conference title Conference division title or championship game berth
†Indicates BCS or CFP / New Years' Six bowl.
#Rankings from final Coaches Poll.
°Rankings from final AP Poll.
Published works[edit]
The Hurry Up, No Huddle: An Offensive Philosophy (2003) (ISBN 978-1-585186-54-9)
Personal life[edit]
Malzahn is married to the former Kristi Otwell, and they are the parents of two daughters, Kylie and Kenzie.[37]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "It's official: Auburn has date with history against Florida State in the BCS National Championship". AL.com. December 8, 2013.
Jump up ^ NFLHS.com – News – Records Archived 2008-05-18 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Auburn's Gus Malzahn to be inducted into Arkansas' high school Hall of Fame". Sporting News. 2013. Retrieved 2013-09-01.
Jump up ^ "'I've got to pinch myself:' Gus Malzahn returns to Arkansas to be inducted into coaches' hall of fame". al.com. 2013. Retrieved 2013-09-01.
Jump up ^ "Gus Malzahn Named as UA Offensive Coordinator". Hogwired.com. March 24, 2009. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
Jump up ^ "2006 Arkansas Razorbacks Stats - College Football at Sports-Reference.com". College Football at Sports-Reference.com.
Jump up ^ "Yahoo! Sports: Sortable Team Stats: Total Offense". Sports.yahoo.com. April 20, 2011. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
Jump up ^ "2007 Bowl Subdivision (FBS) National Team Report – Passing Offense". NCAA. 2008. Retrieved 2008-01-09.
Jump up ^ Zenor, John (2008-01-07). "Tulsa 63, Bowling Green 7". Associated Press.
Jump up ^ Evans, Thayer (2008-10-25). "So Spread Out, So Hard to Catch". The New York Times.
Jump up ^ "Clemson's Bowden apparent leader in UA coaching search".
Jump up ^ "2008 Bowl Subdivision (FBS) National Team Report – Total Offense". NCAA. 2009. Retrieved 2009-01-12.
Jump up ^ "2008 Bowl Subdivision (FBS) National Team Report – Scoring Offense". NCAA. 2009. Retrieved 2009-01-12.
Jump up ^ "2008 Bowl Subdivision (FBS) National Team Report – Rushing Offense". NCAA. 2009. Retrieved 2009-01-12.
Jump up ^ "2008 Bowl Subdivision (FBS) National Team Report – Passing Offense". NCAA. 2009. Retrieved 2009-01-12.
Jump up ^ "2008 Bowl Subdivision (FBS) National Team Report – Passing Efficiency". NCAA. 2009. Retrieved 2009-01-12.
Jump up ^ "Tulsa offensive coordinator Gus Malzahn to take job at Auburn – ESPN". ESPN. December 28, 2008. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
Jump up ^ http://web1.ncaa.org/mfb/natlRank.jsp?year=2009&div=B&rpt=IA_teamtotoff&site=org
Jump up ^ http://web1.ncaa.org/mfb/natlRank.jsp?year=2009&div=B&rpt=IA_teamscoroff&site=org
Jump up ^ http://web1.ncaa.org/mfb/natlRank.jsp?year=2008&div=B&rpt=IA_teamscoroff&site=org
Jump up ^ "2009 Southeastern Conference Team Leaders". cfbstats.com. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
Jump up ^ http://web1.ncaa.org/mfb/natlRank.jsp?year=2009&div=B&rpt=IA_teamrush&site=org
Jump up ^ http://web1.ncaa.org/mfb/natlRank.jsp?year=2008&div=B&rpt=IA_teamrush&site=org
Jump up ^ http://web1.ncaa.org/mfb/natlRank.jsp?year=2009&div=B&rpt=IA_teampasseff&site=org
Jump up ^ http://web1.ncaa.org/mfb/natlRank.jsp?year=2008&div=B&rpt=IA_teampasseff&site=org
Jump up ^ http://web1.ncaa.org/mfb/natlRank.jsp?year=2009&div=B&rpt=IA_playerpasseff&site=org
Jump up ^ "2011 NCAA College Football Polls and Rankings for Week 8 – ESPN". ESPN. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
Jump up ^ http://sec.xosdigitallabs.com/Portals/3/SEC[permanent dead link] Website/football/confldrs.htm
Jump up ^ "The SEC's 25 best recruiters". ESPN. 2011. Retrieved 2011-02-13.
Jump up ^ "Gus Malzahn leaving Auburn to become head coach at Arkansas State". Alabama Live. December 13, 2011. Retrieved December 19, 2011.
Jump up ^ "2012 Arkansas State Red Wolves Stats - College Football at Sports-Reference.com". College Football at Sports-Reference.com.
Jump up ^ "NCAAF College Football Scores - NCAAF Scoreboard - ESPN". ESPN.com.
Jump up ^ AP (23 December 2013). "Auburn's Gus Malzahn Named AP Coach Of Year". Intimated. Archived from the original on 25 December 2013. Retrieved 24 December 2013.
Jump up ^ "Coach Gus Malzahn agrees to $49M deal to stay with Auburn, sources say". ESPN. December 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ Yates, Robert (2008-10-17). "High School Football in the 21st Century: That wave was overcome by a Crimson Tide. A whole new ballgame". Arkansas Democrat-Gazette. Archived from the original on 2008-10-25.
Jump up ^ Battista, Judy (2008-10-11). "A Wildcat Is a Tiger by the Tail for Defenses". New York Times.
Jump up ^ "Page Redirection". www.auburntigers.com.
Further reading[edit]
Voigt, Kurt (2007). Year of the Dog: One Year, One Team, One Goal. Las Vegas: Stephens Press. ISBN 978-1-932173-64-2.
External links[edit]
Biography portal
College football portal
Auburn profile
Arkansas State profile
[show]
v
t
e
Current head football coaches of the Southeastern Conference
Eastern Division
Dan Mullen (Florida)
Kirby Smart (Georgia)
Mark Stoops (Kentucky)
Barry Odom (Missouri)
Will Muschamp (South Carolina)
Jeremy Pruitt (Tennessee)
Derek Mason (Vanderbilt)
Western Division
Nick Saban (Alabama)
Chad Morris (Arkansas)
Gus Malzahn (Auburn)
Ed Orgeron (LSU)
Joe Moorhead (Mississippi State)
Matt Luke (Ole Miss)
Jimbo Fisher (Texas A&M)
# denotes interim coach
[show]
Links to related articles
[show]
v
t
e
Arkansas State Red Wolves head football coaches
F. T. Parks (1911–1912)
Clinton Young (1913)
Earl W. Brannon (1914–1917)
No team (1918)
Foy Hammons (1919–1921)
Tom Dandelet (1922–1923)
Bill Stanley (1924)
Herbert Schwartz (1925–1930)
Jack Dale (1931–1932)
Elza T. Renfro (1933)
Tommy Mills (1934–1935)
Leslie Speck (1936–1938)
Bill Adams (1939–1941)
No team (1942–1944)
Ike Tomlinson (1945)
Forrest England (1946–1953)
Glen Harmeson (1954)
Gene Harlow (1955–1957)
Hugh Taylor (1958–1959)
King Block (1960–1962)
Bennie Ellender (1963–1970)
Bill Davidson (1971–1978)
Larry Lacewell (1979–1989)
Al Kincaid (1990–1991)
Ray Perkins (1992)
John Bobo (1993–1996)
Joe Hollis (1997–2001)
Steve Roberts (2002–2010)
Hugh Freeze (2011)
David Gunn # (2011)
Gus Malzahn (2012)
John Thompson # (2012)
Bryan Harsin (2013)
John Thompson # (2013)
Blake Anderson (2014– )
Pound sign (#) denotes interim coach.
[show]
v
t
e
Auburn Tigers head football coaches
George Petrie (1891–1892)
D. M. Balliet (1892)
George Roy Harvey (1893)
Forrest M. Hall (1894)
John Heisman (1895–1899)
Walter H. Watkins (1900–1901)
Ralph S. Kent (1902)
M. S. Harvey (1902)
William Penn Bates (1903)
Mike Donahue (1904–1906)
Willis Kienholz (1907)
Mike Donahue (1908–1922)
Boozer Pitts (1923–1924)
Dave Morey (1925–1927)
Boozer Pitts (1927)
George Bohler (1928–1929)
Johnny Floyd (1929)
Chet A. Wynne (1930–1933)
Jack Meagher (1934–1942)
No team (1943)
Carl M. Voyles (1944–1947)
Earl Brown (1948–1950)
Ralph Jordan (1951–1975)
Doug Barfield (1976–1980)
Pat Dye (1981–1992)
Terry Bowden (1993–1998)
Bill Oliver # (1998)
Tommy Tuberville (1999–2008)
Gene Chizik (2009–2012)
Gus Malzahn (2013– )
# denotes interim coach
[show]
v
t
e
2010 Auburn Tigers football—consensus national champions
Darvin Adams
Daren Bates
Kodi Burns
Josh Bynes
Zach Clayton
Chris Davis
Michael Dyer
Nick Fairley
Mario Fannin
Dee Ford
Eltoro Freeman
Josh Harris
Corey Lemonier
Philip Lutzenkirchen
Onterio McCalebb
Brandon Mosley
Cam Newton
Cody Parkey
Ryan Pugh
Trovon Reed
Neiko Thorpe
Barrett Trotter
Demond Washington
Lee Ziemba
Head coach
Gene Chizik
Assistant coaches
Jay Boulware
Jeff Grimes
Phillip Lolley
Curtis Luper
Gus Malzahn
Tracy Rocker
Ted Roof
Trooper Taylor
Tommy Thigpen
[show]
v
t
e
Broyles Award winners
1996: Andrews
1997: Herrmann
1998: Cutcliffe
1999: Friedgen
2000: Mangino
2001: Shannon
2002: Chow
2003: VanGorder
2004: Chizik
2005: Davis
2006: Foster
2007: Heacock
2008: Wilson
2009: Smart
2010: Malzahn
2011: Chavis
2012: Diaco
2013: Narduzzi
2014: Herman
2015: Riley
2016: Venables
2017: Elliott
[show]
v
t
e
Associated Press College Football Coach of the Year Award winners
1998: Snyder
1999: Beamer
2000: Stoops
2001: Friedgen
2002: Ferentz
2003: Saban
2004: Tuberville
2005: Paterno
2006: Grobe
2007: Mangino
2008: Saban
2009: Patterson
2010: C. Kelly
2011: Miles
2012: B. Kelly
2013: Malzahn
2014: Patterson
2015: Swinney
2016: MacIntyre
2017: Frost
[show]
v
t
e
Paul "Bear" Bryant Award winners
1986: Paterno
1987: MacPherson
1988: Holtz
1989: McCartney
1990: Ross
1991: James
1992: Stallings
1993: Bowden
1994: Brooks
1995: Barnett
1996: Br. Snyder
1997: Carr
1998: Bi. Snyder
1999: Beamer
2000: Stoops
2001: Coker
2002: Tressel
2003: Saban
2004: Tuberville
2005: Brown
2006: Petersen
2007: Mangino
2008: Whittingham
2009: Petersen
2010: Chizik
2011: Gundy
2012: O'Brien
2013: Malzahn
2014: Patterson
2015: Swinney
2016: Swinney
2017: Frost
[show]
v
t
e
Bobby Bowden Coach of the Year Award winners
2009: Saban
2010: Chizik
2011: Saban
2012: Saban
2013: Malzahn
[show]
v
t
e
Eddie Robinson Coach of the Year Award winners
1957: Hayes
1958: Dietzel
1959: Schwartzwalder
1960: Warmath
1961: Royal
1962: McKay
1963: Royal
1964: Parseghian
1965: Daugherty
1966: Cahill
1967: Pont
1968: Hayes
1969: Schembechler
1970: Agase
1971: Devaney
1972: McKay
1973: Majors
1974: Teaff
1975: Hayes
1976: Majors
1977: Holtz
1978: Paterno
1979: Bruce
1980: Dooley
1981: Ford
1982: Paterno
1983: Schnellenberger
1984: Edwards
1985: DeBerry
1986: Paterno
1987: MacPherson
1988: Holtz
1989: McCartney
1990: Ross
1991: James
1992: Stallings
1993: Bowden
1994: Brooks
1995: Barnett
1996: Snyder
1997: Price
1998: Fulmer
1999: Beamer
2000: Stoops
2001: Friedgen
2002: Tressel
2003: Saban
2004: Meyer
2005: Weis
2006: Schiano
2007: Mangino
2008: Saban
2009: Patterson
2010: C. Kelly
2011: Gundy
2012: B. Kelly
2013: Malzahn
2014: Patterson
2015: Ferentz
2016: MacIntyre
2017: Frost
[show]
v
t
e
The Home Depot Coach of the Year Award winners
1994: Brooks
1995: Barnett
1996: Bowden
1997: Price
1998: Fulmer
1999: Solich
2000: Stoops
2001: Friedgen
2002: Willingham
2003: Carroll
2004: Meyer
2005: Paterno
2006: Schiano
2007: Mangino
2008: Saban
2009: Kelly
2010: Chizik
2011: Miles
2012: Kelly
2013: Malzahn
2014: Patterson
2015: Swinney
2016: MacIntyre
2017: Frost
[show]
v
t
e
Liberty Mutual Coach of the Year Award winners
Division I FBS
2006: Schiano
2007: Zook
2008: Saban
2009: Patterson
2010: Chizik
2011: Miles
2012: Kelly
2013: Malzahn
Division I FCS
2007: Kill
2008: Matthews
2009: Moore
2010: Keeler
2011: Ash
2012: Fritz
2013: Bohl
Division II
2007: O'Boyle
2008: Broyles
2009: Tjeerdsma
2010: Nielson
2011: Beck
2012: Rossomando
2013: Wiese
Division III
2007: Gagliardi
2008: Kehres
2009: Staker
2010: Caruso
2011: Caruso
2012: Caruso
2013: Fredenburg
[show]
v
t
e
Sporting News College Football Coach of the Year winners
1963: Royal
1964: Broyles
1965: Daugherty
1966: Parseghian
1967: Pont
1968: Hayes
1969: Royal
1970: Ralston
1971: Fairbanks
1972: McKay
1973: Switzer
1974: Claiborne
1975: Bellard
1976: Majors
1977: Holtz
1978: Rogers
1979: Mackovic
1980: Dooley
1981: Fry
1982: MacIntyre
1983: White
1984: Wacker
1985: Schembechler
1986: Cooper
1987: MacPherson
1988: Holtz
1989: No Award
1990: Ross
1991: James
1992: Erickson
1993: Bowden
1994: Brooks
1995: Barnett
1996: Br. Snyder
1997: Price
1998: Fulmer
1999: J. Jones
2000: Erickson
2001: Friedgen
2002: Tressel
2003: Meyer
2004: Tuberville
2005: Paterno
2006: Grobe
2007: Mangino
2008: Saban
2009: Patterson
2010: C. Kelly
2011: Bi. Snyder
2012: B. Kelly
2013: Malzahn & Cutcliffe
2014: Patterson
2015: Swinney
2016: Franklin
2017: Smart
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 4338548
LCCN: n2005028949
ISNI: 0000 0000 4781 5152
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gus_Malzahn&oldid=824167188"
Categories:
1965 births
Living people
American football wide receivers
Arkansas Razorbacks football coaches
Arkansas Razorbacks football players
Arkansas State Red Wolves football coaches
Auburn Tigers football coaches
Henderson State Reddies football players
Tulsa Golden Hurricane football coaches
High school football coaches in the United States
Sportspeople from Fort Smith, Arkansas
People from Irving, Texas
People from Springdale, Arkansas
Sportspeople from the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex
Players of American football from Arkansas
Hidden categories:
Webarchive template wayback links
All articles with dead external links
Articles with dead external links from August 2017
Articles with permanently dead external links
Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers
Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers
Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Add links
This page was last edited on 5 February 2018, at 18:36.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: caption

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attrs: href class title

values:
/wiki/File:Gus_malzahn_(cropped).jpg
image
Gus malzahn

value: td

attrs: colspan style

value: tr

value: th

values: text-align:center;background-color:#03244D;color:#FFFFFF;-moz-box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #F26522, inset -2px -2px 0 #F26522; -webkit-box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #F26522, inset -2px -2px 0 #F26522; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #F26522, inset -2px -2px 0 #F26522; padding-left:0.3em; padding-right:0.3em;

values:
/wiki/Auburn_Tigers_Football
mw-redirect
Auburn Tigers Football

values: font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap; padding: 0 1px;

values:
/wiki/Quarterbacks_coach
mw-redirect
Quarterbacks coach

values: Southeastern Conference football individual awards

values: Sporting News College Football Coach of the Year

values:
/wiki/Eddie_Robinson_Coach_of_the_Year
mw-redirect
Eddie Robinson Coach of the Year

values: College football national championships in NCAA Division I FBS

values: Bobby Bowden National Collegiate Coach of the Year Award

values:
/wiki/Fort_Smith_Christian_High_School
mw-redirect
Fort Smith Christian High School

values: Edit section: High school coaching career

values:
/wiki/Capital_One_Bowl
mw-redirect
Capital One Bowl

values: 2007 Tulsa Golden Hurricane football team

values: 2007 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team

values:
/wiki/BCS_Championship
mw-redirect
BCS Championship

values:
/wiki/Don_Jones_(American_football)
mw-redirect
Don Jones (American football)

values:
/wiki/The_Prayer_at_Jordan-Hare
mw-redirect
The Prayer at Jordan-Hare

values:
/wiki/Kick_Bama_Kick
mw-redirect
Kick Bama Kick

values: 2013 Florida State Seminoles football team

values: 2008 Tulsa Golden Hurricane football team

values: 2012 Arkansas State Red Wolves football team

values: Edit section: College head coaching record

values: background:#dddddd; border-bottom: 2px solid #aaaaaa;text-align:center;

values: 2012 NCAA Division I FBS football season

values: background:#fafafa; border-top: 2px solid #aaaaaa;

values: 2013 NCAA Division I FBS football season

values: 2014 NCAA Division I FBS football season

values: 2015 NCAA Division I FBS football season

values: 2016 NCAA Division I FBS football season

values: 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season

values: background-color:#ffcc66; width:50px; border:1px solid #000000

values: background-color:#ffff99; width:50px; border:1px solid #000000

values: background-color:#bbffff; width:50px; border:1px solid #000000

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle

values: margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px

values: background-color:#004B8D;color:white;-moz-box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFD046, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFD046; -webkit-box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFD046, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFD046; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFD046, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFD046;;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;

values: Template:Southeastern Conference football coach navbox

values: Template talk:Southeastern Conference football coach navbox

values: background-color:#004B8D;color:white;-moz-box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFD046, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFD046; -webkit-box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFD046, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFD046; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFD046, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFD046;;width:1%

values: List of Florida Gators head football coaches

values: List of Georgia Bulldogs head football coaches

values: List of Kentucky Wildcats head football coaches

values: List of Missouri Tigers head football coaches

values: List of South Carolina Gamecocks head football coaches

values: List of Tennessee Volunteers head football coaches

values: List of Vanderbilt Commodores head football coaches

values: List of Alabama Crimson Tide head football coaches

values: List of Arkansas Razorbacks head football coaches

values: List of Auburn Tigers head football coaches

values: List of LSU Tigers head football coaches

values: List of Mississippi State Bulldogs head football coaches

values: List of Ole Miss Rebels head football coaches

values: List of Texas A&M Aggies head football coaches

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values:
collapseButton2
#
color: rgb(255, 255, 255);

values: background-color:#CC092F;color:#FFFFFF;-moz-box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #000000, inset -2px -2px 0 #000000; -webkit-box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #000000, inset -2px -2px 0 #000000; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #000000, inset -2px -2px 0 #000000;;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;

values: Template:Arkansas State Red Wolves football coach navbox

values: Template talk:Arkansas State Red Wolves football coach navbox

values: Bill Davidson (American football, born 1935)

values: David Gunn (American football) (page does not exist)

values: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

values:
collapseButton3
#
color: rgb(255, 255, 255);

values: background-color:#03244D;color:#FFFFFF;-moz-box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #F26522, inset -2px -2px 0 #F26522; -webkit-box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #F26522, inset -2px -2px 0 #F26522; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #F26522, inset -2px -2px 0 #F26522;;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;

values: Template:Auburn Tigers football coach navbox

values: Template talk:Auburn Tigers football coach navbox

values:
collapseButton4
#
color: rgb(255, 255, 255);

values: ;background-color:#03244D;color:#FFFFFF;-moz-box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #F26522, inset -2px -2px 0 #F26522; -webkit-box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #F26522, inset -2px -2px 0 #F26522; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #F26522, inset -2px -2px 0 #F26522;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;

values: Template:2010 Auburn Tigers football navbox

values: Template talk:2010 Auburn Tigers football navbox

values: Template:Associated Press College Football Coach of the Year Award

values: Template talk:Associated Press College Football Coach of the Year Award

values: Template talk:Bobby Bowden Coach of the Year

values: Template:Eddie Robinson Coach of the Year

values: Template talk:Eddie Robinson Coach of the Year

values: Template talk:Home Depot Coach of the Year

values: Template:Liberty Mutual Coach of the Year

values: Template talk:Liberty Mutual Coach of the Year

values: Jerry Moore (American football, born 1939)

values: Template:Sporting News College Football Coach of the Year

values: Template talk:Sporting News College Football Coach of the Year

values: James Franklin (American football coach)

values:
nofollow
external text
https://viaf.org/viaf/4338548

values:
nofollow
external text
http://isni.org/isni/0000000047815152

values: Category:American football wide receivers

values: Category:Arkansas Razorbacks football coaches

values: Category:Arkansas Razorbacks football players

values: Category:Arkansas State Red Wolves football coaches

values: Category:Henderson State Reddies football players

values: Category:Tulsa Golden Hurricane football coaches

values: Category:High school football coaches in the United States

values: Category:Sportspeople from Fort Smith, Arkansas

values: Category:People from Springdale, Arkansas

values: Category:Sportspeople from the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex

values: Category:Players of American football from Arkansas

values: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

values: Category:All articles with dead external links

values: Category:Articles with dead external links from August 2017

values: Category:Articles with permanently dead external links

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Gus_Malzahn
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Gus_Malzahn rootpage-Gus_Malzahn skin-vector action-view