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Blinded experiment
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A blind or blinded-experiment is an experiment in which information about the test is masked (kept) from the participant, to reduce or eliminate bias, until after a trial outcome is known.[1] It is understood that bias may be intentional or unconscious, thus no dishonesty is implied by blinding. If both tester and subject are blinded, the trial is called a double-blind experiment.
Blind testing is used wherever items are to be compared without influences from testers' preferences or expectations, for example in clinical trials to evaluate the effectiveness of medicinal drugs and procedures without placebo effect, observer bias, or conscious deception; and comparative testing of commercial products to objectively assess user preferences without being influenced by branding and other properties not being tested.
Blinding can be imposed on researchers, technicians, or subjects. The opposite of a blind trial is an open trial. Blind experiments are an important tool of the scientific method, in many fields of research—medicine, psychology and the social sciences, natural sciences such as physics and biology, applied sciences such as market research, and many others. In some disciplines, such as medicinal drug testing, blind experiments are considered essential.
In some cases, while blind experiments would be useful, they are impractical or unethical; an example is in the field of developmental psychology: although it would be informative to raise children under arbitrary experimental conditions, such as on a remote island with a fabricated enculturation, it is a violation of ethics and human rights.
The terms blind (adjective) or to blind (transitive verb) when used in this sense are figurative extensions of the literal idea of blindfolding someone. The terms masked or to mask may be used for the same concept; this is commonly the case in ophthalmology, where the word 'blind' is often used in the literal sense.
Some argue that the use of the term "blind" for academic review or experiments is offensive.[2][3][4] Some recommend the alternate term "masked" or "anonymous" for this reason.[5][6]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Single-blind trials
3 Double-blind trials
4 Triple-blind trials
5 Use
5.1 In medicine
5.2 In physics
5.3 In forensics
5.4 In music
6 References
7 External links
History[edit]
The French Academy of Sciences originated the first recorded blind experiments in 1784: the Academy set up a commission to investigate the claims of animal magnetism proposed by Franz Mesmer. Headed by Benjamin Franklin and Antoine Lavoisier, the commission carried out experiments asking mesmerists to identify objects that had previously been filled with "vital fluid", including trees and flasks of water. The subjects were unable to do so. The commission went on to examine claims involving the curing of "mesmerized" patients. These patients showed signs of improved health, but the commission attributed this to the fact that these patients believed they would get better—the first scientific suggestion of the now well-known placebo effect.[7]
In 1799 the British chemist Humphry Davy performed another early blind experiment. In studying the effects of nitrous oxide (laughing gas) on human physiology, Davy deliberately did not tell his subjects what concentration of the gas they were breathing, or whether they were breathing ordinary air.[7][8]
Blind experiments went on to be used outside of purely scientific settings. In 1817, a committee of scientists and musicians compared a Stradivarius violin to one with a guitar-like design made by the naval engineer François Chanot. A well-known violinist played each instrument while the committee listened in the next room to avoid prejudice.[9][10]
One of the first essays advocating a blinded approach to experiments in general came from Claude Bernard in the latter half of the 19th century, who recommended splitting any scientific experiment between the theorist who conceives the experiment and a naive (and preferably uneducated) observer who registers the results without foreknowledge of the theory or hypothesis being tested. This suggestion contrasted starkly with the prevalent Enlightenment-era attitude that scientific observation can only be objectively valid when undertaken by a well-educated, informed scientist.[11]
Double-blind methods came into especial prominence in the mid-20th century.[12]
Single-blind trials[edit]
Single-blind describes experiments where information that could introduce bias or otherwise skew the result is withheld from the participants, but the experimenter will be in full possession of the facts.
In a single-blind experiment, the individual subjects do not know whether they are so-called "test" subjects or members of an "experimental control" group. Single-blind experimental design is used where the experimenters either must know the full facts (for example, when comparing sham to real surgery) and so the experimenters cannot themselves be blind, or where the experimenters will not introduce further bias and so the experimenters need not be blind. However, there is a risk that subjects are influenced by interaction with the researchers – known as the experimenter's bias. Single-blind trials are especially risky in psychology and social science research, where the experimenter has an expectation of what the outcome should be, and may consciously or subconsciously influence the behavior of the subject.
A classic example of a single-blind test is the Pepsi Challenge. A tester, often a marketing person, prepares two sets of cups of cola labeled "A" and "B". One set of cups is filled with Pepsi, while the other is filled with Coca-Cola. The tester knows which soda is in which cup but is not supposed to reveal that information to the subjects. Volunteer subjects are encouraged to try the two cups of soda and polled for which ones they prefer. One of the problems with a single-blind test like this is that the tester can unintentionally give subconscious cues which influence the subjects. In addition, it is possible the tester could intentionally introduce bias by preparing the separate sodas differently (e.g., by putting more ice in one cup or by pushing one cup closer to the subject). If the tester is a marketing person employed by the company which is producing the challenge, there's always the possibility of a conflict of interest where the marketing person is aware that future income will be based on the results of the test.
Double-blind trials[edit]
"Double blind" redirects here. It is not to be confused with double bind.
Double-blind describes an especially stringent way of conducting an experiment which attempts to eliminate subjective, unrecognized biases carried by an experiment's subjects (usually human) and conductors. Double-blind studies were first used in 1907 by W. H. R. Rivers and H. N. Webber in the investigation of the effects of caffeine.[13]
In most cases, double-blind experiments are regarded to achieve a higher standard of scientific rigor than single-blind or non-blind experiments.
In these double-blind experiments, neither the participants nor the researchers know which participants belong to the control group, nor the test group. Only after all data have been recorded (and, in some cases, analyzed) do the researchers learn which participants were which. Performing an experiment in double-blind fashion can greatly lessen the power of preconceived notions or physical cues (e.g., the placebo effect, observer bias, experimenter's bias) to distort the results (by making researchers or participants behave differently from in everyday life). Random assignment of test subjects to the experimental and control groups is a critical part of any double-blind research design. The key that identifies the subjects and which group they belonged to is kept by a third party, and is not revealed to the researchers until the study is over.
Double-blind methods can be applied to any experimental situation in which there is a possibility that the results will be affected by conscious or unconscious bias on the part of researchers, participants, or both. For example, in animal studies, both the carer of the animals and the assessor of the results have to be blinded; otherwise the carer might treat control subjects differently and alter the results.[14]
Computer-controlled experiments are sometimes also erroneously referred to as double-blind experiments, since software may not cause the type of direct bias between researcher and subject. Development of surveys presented to subjects through computers shows that bias can easily be built into the process. Voting systems are also examples where bias can easily be constructed into an apparently simple machine based system. In analogy to the human researcher described above, the part of the software that provides interaction with the human is presented to the subject as the blinded researcher, while the part of the software that defines the key is the third party. An example is the ABX test, where the human subject has to identify an unknown stimulus X as being either A or B.
Triple-blind trials[edit]
A triple-blind study is an extension of the double-blind design; the monitoring committee[clarification needed] response variables is not told the identity of the groups. The committee is simply given data for groups A and B. A triple-blind study has the theoretical advantage of allowing the monitoring committee to evaluate the response variable results more objectively. This assumes that appraisal of efficacy and harm, as well as requests for special analyses, may be biased if group identity is known. However, in a trial where the monitoring committee has an ethical responsibility to ensure participant safety, such a design may be counterproductive since in this case monitoring is often guided by the constellation of trends and their directions. In addition, by the time many monitoring committees receive data, often any emergency situation has long passed.[15]
Use[edit]
In medicine[edit]
Double-blinding is relatively easy to achieve in drug studies, by formulating the investigational drug and the control (either a placebo or an established drug) to have identical appearance (color, taste, etc.). Patients are randomly assigned to the control or experimental group and given random numbers by a study coordinator, who also encodes the drugs with matching random numbers. Neither the patients nor the researchers monitoring the outcome know which patient is receiving which treatment, until the study is over and the random code is revealed.
Effective blinding can be difficult to achieve where the treatment is notably effective (indeed, studies have been suspended in cases where the tested drug combinations were so effective that it was deemed unethical to continue withholding the findings from the control group, and the general population),[16][17] or where the treatment is very distinctive in taste or has unusual side-effects that allow the researcher and/or the subject to guess which group they were assigned to. It is also difficult to use the double blind method to compare surgical and non-surgical interventions (although sham surgery, involving a simple incision, might be ethically permitted). A good clinical protocol will foresee these potential problems to ensure blinding is as effective as possible. It has also been argued[18] that even in a double-blind experiment, general attitudes of the experimenter such as skepticism or enthusiasm towards the tested procedure can be subconsciously transferred to the test subjects.
Evidence-based medicine practitioners prefer blinded randomised controlled trials (RCTs), where that is a possible experimental design. These are high on the hierarchy of evidence; only a meta analysis of several well designed RCTs is considered more reliable.[19]
In physics[edit]
Modern nuclear physics and particle physics experiments often involve large numbers of data analysts working together to extract quantitative data from complex datasets. In particular, the analysts want to report accurate systematic error estimates for all of their measurements; this is difficult or impossible if one of the errors is observer bias. To remove this bias, the experimenters devise blind analysis techniques, where the experimental result is hidden from the analysts until they've agreed—based on properties of the data set other than the final value—that the analysis techniques are fixed.
One example of a blind analysis occurs in neutrino experiments, like the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory, where the experimenters wish to report the total number N of neutrinos seen. The experimenters have preexisting expectations about what this number should be, and these expectations must not be allowed to bias the analysis. Therefore, the experimenters are allowed to see an unknown fraction f of the dataset. They use these data to understand the backgrounds, signal-detection efficiencies, detector resolutions, etc.. However, since no one knows the "blinding fraction" f, no one has preexisting expectations about the meaningless neutrino count N' = N × f in the visible data; therefore, the analysis does not introduce any bias into the final number N which is reported. Another blinding scheme is used in B meson analyses in experiments like BaBar and CDF; here, the crucial experimental parameter is a correlation between certain particle energies and decay times—which require an extremely complex and painstaking analysis—and particle charge signs, which are fairly trivial to measure. Analysts are allowed to work with all the energy and decay data, but are forbidden from seeing the sign of the charge, and thus are unable to see the correlation (if any). At the end of the experiment, the correct charge signs are revealed; the analysis software is run once (with no subjective human intervention), and the resulting numbers are published. Searches for rare events, like electron neutrinos in MiniBooNE or proton decay in Super-Kamiokande, require a different class of blinding schemes.
The "hidden" part of the experiment—the fraction f for SNO, the charge-sign database for CDF—is usually called the "blindness box". At the end of the analysis period, one is allowed to "unblind the data" and "open the box".
In forensics[edit]
In a police photo lineup, an officer shows a group of photos to a witness or crime victim and asks him or her to pick out the suspect. This is basically a single-blind test of the witness's memory, and may be subject to subtle or overt influence by the officer. There is a growing movement in law enforcement to move to a double-blind procedure in which the officer who shows the photos to the witness does not know which photo is of the suspect.[20][21]
In music[edit]
In recruiting musicians to perform in orchestras and so on, blind auditions are now routinely done: the musicians perform behind a screen so that their physical appearance and gender cannot prejudice the listener judging the performance.
Science portal
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed.
Jump up ^ "Ableist language and philosophical associations - New APPS: Art, Politics, Philosophy, Science". www.newappsblog.com. Retrieved 2017-03-19.
Jump up ^ "Why 'blind alley', 'blind faith' and 'blind refereeing' may be offensive - New APPS: Art, Politics, Philosophy, Science". www.newappsblog.com. Retrieved 2017-03-19.
Jump up ^ "The Word "Blind" Is Still Misused in Everyday Speech- Let’s Get Rid of It! | Vision Loss & Personal Recovery". www.visionlossandpersonalrecovery.com. Retrieved 2017-03-19.
Jump up ^ "Double-blind study - Oxford Reference". doi:10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095728138.
Jump up ^ Robertson, Christopher T.; Kesselheim, Aaron S. (2016-01-30). Blinding as a Solution to Bias: Strengthening Biomedical Science, Forensic Science, and Law. Academic Press. p. 78. ISBN 9780128026335.
^ Jump up to: a b Holmes, Richard (2009). The Age of Wonder: How the Romantic Generation Discovered the Beauty and Terror of Science. [full citation needed]
Jump up ^ http://www.pharmaclinicalresearch.com/
Jump up ^ Fétis, François-Joseph (1868). Biographie Universelle des Musiciens et Bibliographie Générale de la Musique, Tome 1 (Second ed.). Paris: Firmin Didot Frères, Fils, et Cie. p. 249. Retrieved 2011-07-21.
Jump up ^ Dubourg, George (1852). The Violin: Some Account of That Leading Instrument and its Most Eminent Professors... (Fourth ed.). London: Robert Cocks and Co. pp. 356–357. Retrieved 2011-07-21.
Jump up ^ Daston, Lorraine (2005). "Scientific Error and the Ethos of Belief". Social Research. 72 (1): 18.
Jump up ^ Alder, Ken (2006), Kramer, Lloyd S.; Maza, Sarah C., eds., "A Companion to Western Historical Thought", The History of Science, Or, an Oxymoronic Theory of Relativistic Objectivity, Blackwell Companions to History, Wiley-Blackwell, p. 307, ISBN 978-1-4051-4961-7, retrieved 2012-02-11, Shortly after the start of the Cold War [...] double-blind reviews became the norm for conducting scientific medical research, as well as the means by which peers evaluated scholarship, both in science and in history.
Jump up ^ Rivers WHR and Webber HN. “The action of caffeine on the capacity for muscular work” Journal of Physiology 36: 33-47: 1907.
Jump up ^ Aviva Petrie; Paul Watson (28 February 2013). Statistics for Veterinary and Animal Science. Wiley. pp. 130–131. ISBN 978-1-118-56740-1.
Jump up ^ Friedman, L.M., Furberg, C.D., DeMets, D.L. (2010). Fundamentals of Clinical Trials. New York: Springer, pp. 119-132. ISBN 9781441915856
Jump up ^ "Male circumcision 'cuts' HIV risk". BBC News. 2006-12-13. Retrieved 2009-05-18.
Jump up ^ McNeil Jr, Donald G. (2006-12-13). "Circumcision Reduces Risk of AIDS, Study Finds". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-05-18.
Jump up ^ "Skeptical Comment About Double-Blind Trials". The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. Retrieved 2010-05-04.
Jump up ^ [1]
Jump up ^ Psychological sleuths – Accuracy and the accused on apa.org
Jump up ^ Under the Microscope – For more than 90 years, forensic science has been a cornerstone of criminal law. Critics and judges now ask whether it can be trusted.
External links[edit]
"control group study" – The Skeptic’s Dictionary – More on why double blind is important.
PharmaSchool JargonBuster Clinical Trial Terminology Dictionary
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Joe Johnson (basketball)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Joe Johnson
Johnson with the Nets in March 2014
No. 6 – Utah Jazz
Position
Shooting guard / Small forward
League
NBA
Personal information
Born
(1981-06-29) June 29, 1981 (age 36)
Little Rock, Arkansas
Nationality
American
Listed height
6 ft 7 in (2.01 m)
Listed weight
240 lb (109 kg)
Career information
High school
Little Rock Central
(Little Rock, Arkansas)
College
Arkansas (1999–2001)
NBA draft
2001 / Round: 1 / Pick: 10th overall
Selected by the Boston Celtics
Playing career
2001–present
Career history
2001–2002
Boston Celtics
2002–2005
Phoenix Suns
2005–2012
Atlanta Hawks
2012–2016
Brooklyn Nets
2016
Miami Heat
2016–present
Utah Jazz
Career highlights and awards
8× NBA All-Star (2007–2012, 2014)
All-NBA Third Team (2010)
NBA All-Rookie Second Team (2002)
Second-team All-SEC (2001)
SEC All-Freshman Team (2000)
Arkansas Mr. Basketball (1999)
Stats at NBA.com
Stats at Basketball-Reference.com
Medals[hide]
Representing United States
World Championships
2006 Japan National team
Joe Marcus Johnson (born June 29, 1981) is an American professional basketball player for the Utah Jazz of the National Basketball Association (NBA). A 6'7" swingman, Johnson played high school basketball for Little Rock Central High School and college basketball for the University of Arkansas. After two years with Arkansas, he declared for the 2001 NBA draft where he was drafted 10th overall by the Boston Celtics. He is a seven-time NBA All-Star and has also played for the Phoenix Suns, Atlanta Hawks, Brooklyn Nets and Miami Heat, while having also represented the United States national team.
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 College career
3 Professional career
3.1 Boston Celtics (2001–2002)
3.2 Phoenix Suns (2002–2005)
3.3 Atlanta Hawks (2005–2012)
3.4 Brooklyn Nets (2012–2016)
3.5 Miami Heat (2016)
3.6 Utah Jazz (2016–present)
4 NBA career statistics
4.1 Regular season
4.2 Playoffs
5 Personal life
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Early life[edit]
Born in Little Rock, Arkansas, Johnson was a member of the William E. Thrasher Boys & Girls Club as a youngster[1] and attended Little Rock Central High School, a school that had produced other athletes including baseball hall of famers Brooks Robinson and Bill Dickey, as well as football player Fred Williams and collegiate football coach Houston Nutt.
College career[edit]
In his freshman season at Arkansas in 1999–2000, Johnson was named to the SEC All-Freshman team and SEC All-Tournament team after averaging 16.0 points, 5.7 rebounds, 2.2 assists and 2.0 steals per game.[2]
In his sophomore season in 2000–01, Johnson was named to the All-SEC second team and SEC All-Tournament team, while also receiving honorable mention All-American honors. In 30 games, he averaged 14.2 points, 6.4 rebounds, 2.6 assists and 1.4 steals per game.[2]
Professional career[edit]
Boston Celtics (2001–2002)[edit]
Following his sophomore season at Arkansas, Johnson declared for the 2001 NBA draft where he went on to be selected with the 10th overall pick by the Boston Celtics.[3] Through the first half of the 2001–02 season, Johnson played 48 games for the Celtics and made 33 starts, as he averaged 6.3 points, 2.9 rebounds and 1.5 assists per game. He was later traded to the Phoenix Suns on February 20, 2002 along with Randy Brown, Milt Palacio and a first-round pick in exchange for Rodney Rogers and Tony Delk.[4]
Phoenix Suns (2002–2005)[edit]
Johnson became a force with Phoenix as he averaged 14.0 points per game in his three and a half seasons with the Suns, becoming a clutch three-point shooter as he averaged 39.3% from the three-point arc during his tenure with the Suns.
During the 2004–05 campaign, Johnson and the Suns posted a 62–20 record. In the 2005 NBA Playoffs, Johnson required surgery to repair a left orbital bone fracture sustained following a dunk attempt against the Dallas Mavericks in the second round. Johnson missed the remainder of the series against the Mavericks as well as the first two games of the Western Conference Finals against the San Antonio Spurs. When he returned, Johnson wore a face mask for protection. The Suns fell to the eventual NBA champion Spurs, 4 games to 1.
Atlanta Hawks (2005–2012)[edit]
In the summer of 2005, Johnson became a highly touted restricted free agent and expressed a desire to leave the Suns to assume a larger role on the Atlanta Hawks. Johnson grew upset with Phoenix's initial offers to re-sign him feeling they were well below his market value. This rift eventually led to Johnson requesting the Suns not match Atlanta's $70 million offer. On August 19, 2005, a deal was finalized and Johnson was involved in a sign-and-trade deal with the Hawks for Boris Diaw and two future first-round draft picks.[5]
Johnson as a member of the Atlanta Hawks
In his first season as a Hawk, Johnson led Atlanta in several categories: points (20.2 per game), assists (6.5), steals (1.26), three-point field goals made (128) and minutes (40.7). He was one of only five players in the league to average at least 20 points and six assists in the 2005–06 season, along with Allen Iverson, Dwyane Wade, LeBron James and Gilbert Arenas.[6] Johnson was also the only Hawk to play in all 82 games in 2005–06.
On March 5, 2006, he was one of 23 NBA players named to the 2006–08 United States national team.
Johnson scored a career-high 42 points on March 7, 2006 against the Golden State Warriors[7] and recorded a career-high 17 assists on March 13, 2006 against the Milwaukee Bucks.[8] He recorded his first career triple-double on February 1, 2006 with 15 points, 10 rebounds and 11 assists against the Charlotte Bobcats.[9]
He played for the United States national team in the 2006 FIBA World Championship, winning a bronze medal.[10]
Johnson continued his development in the 2006–07 season, when he averaged 25.0 points, 4.4 assists, 4.2 rebounds and 1.1 steals per game. His scoring average ranked ninth in the league. Johnson also shot a career-best 47.1% from the field and was subsequently named to the 2007 Eastern Conference All-Star team, replacing the injured Jason Kidd.
In 2008, Johnson made the 2008 All-Star Game as a reserve. He also was named Eastern Conference Player of the Month twice during the season.[11] Johnson averaged 21.7 points per game on the season, leading the Hawks to their first playoff appearance in nine years. In Game 4 of the Hawks' first-round matchup against the Boston Celtics, Johnson scored 35 points, including 20 in the 4th quarter, leading the Hawks to a 97–92 victory.[12]
Despite finishing with the worst record (37-45) among the 2008 NBA Playoffs contingent, the Hawks played very even with the heavily favored and eventual NBA champion Boston Celtics, taking the Eastern Conference No. 1 seed all the way to Game 7. The year marked a turning of the page for the Atlanta franchise, one considered among the least successful in pro sports.
The following year, Johnson registered his second career triple-double on December 23, 2008 in a Hawks win against the Oklahoma City Thunder, with 20 points, 11 rebounds and 11 assists.[13] He eclipsed the 10,000-point plateau for his career with his first basket during a 110–107 loss to the Milwaukee Bucks on January 31, 2009, a bank shot assisted by Marvin Williams.[14] On March 19, 2010, Johnson hit a game-winning buzzer beater in overtime against the Charlotte Bobcats.[15]
On July 8, 2010, Johnson re-signed with the Hawks to a six-year, $123.7 million contract, which, at the time, made him the NBA's highest-paid player.[16] The signing occurred during one of the most star-studded free agency summers in league history, highlighted by LeBron James's "Decision" TV special. Among others who signed high-profile deals were Chris Bosh, Dwyane Wade, Amar'e Stoudemire, Paul Pierce, Ray Allen and Dirk Nowitzki.
Brooklyn Nets (2012–2016)[edit]
On July 11, 2012, Johnson was traded to the Brooklyn Nets in exchange for Jordan Farmar, Anthony Morrow, Jordan Williams, Johan Petro, DeShawn Stevenson and a 2013 first round draft pick.[17] After a slow start to the 2012–13 season, Johnson began to pick up his play in December, with a 32-point game against the Golden State Warriors on December 7 and a game-winning buzzer beater in double overtime against the Detroit Pistons on December 14. After scoring 33 points in a road win over the Oklahoma City Thunder on January 2, he hit another game winner in double overtime two days later to beat the Washington Wizards. In a 113–111 victory over the Milwaukee Bucks on February 19, Johnson made the game-tying three-pointer with just under three seconds to go in regulation and went on to hit the game-winning pull-up jump shot in overtime. With this win, the Nets snapped a thirteen-game losing streak against the Bucks.[18] The next game the Nets played, Johnson injured his left heel and was forced to miss three games. He made his return on March 1 against the Dallas Mavericks.[19]
On November 15, 2013, Johnson made his first game-winning basket of the season against the Phoenix Suns as he went in for a layup to give the Nets their first road win of the 2013–14 season. On December 16, 2013, Johnson recorded a career-high 10 three-pointers in a 130–94 win over the Philadelphia 76ers. In the third quarter, Johnson scored 29 points on 10-of-13 shooting from the field including 8-of-10 three-pointers.[20] On January 2, 2014, after the Nets were down by sixteen points, Johnson made his second game-winning basket of the season to lead the Nets to a 95–93 win to give Oklahoma City Thunder its second home loss of the season.[21] Johnson later earned his seventh All-Star game selection.
In just the second game of the 2014–15 season on November 1, Johnson scored a season-high 34 points on 14-of-23 shooting to help the Nets defeat the Detroit Pistons, 102-90.[22] On February 25, in a game against the New Orleans Pelicans, he became just the seventh player in NBA history to record 18,000 career points and 1,600 career three-pointers made.[23]
On November 14, 2015, in a loss to the Golden State Warriors, Johnson appeared in his 1,072nd NBA regular season game, matching Michael Jordan for 77th on the all-time list.[24] On November 28, in a loss to the Cleveland Cavaliers, he extended his streak of making at least one field goal to 900 regular season games, the longest active streak.[25] He extended that streak to 919 games on January 6, 2016 in a loss to the Toronto Raptors.[26] Three days later, he hit two three-pointers against the Detroit Pistons, thus surpassing Peja Stojaković for 11th on the career three-pointers list.[27] On January 24, in a win over the Oklahoma City Thunder, he became the 31st player in NBA history to reach 40,000 minutes.[28] On February 5, he recorded season highs of 27 points and 11 assists in a 128–119 win over the Sacramento Kings.[29] On February 8, he recorded 12 points and 8 assists against the Denver Nuggets, and hit a buzzer-beating three-pointer to lift the Nets to a 105–104 win. In that game, he passed Scottie Pippen for 52nd place on the NBA's all-time scoring list.[30] In the following game two days later, Johnson failed to score against the Memphis Grizzlies, going scoreless in a regular season game for the first time since December 6, 2003, ending the NBA's longest active streak with at least one field goal. He had a basket in 937 straight games.[31] On February 25, Johnson was waived by the Nets in a buyout agreement.[32]
Miami Heat (2016)[edit]
On February 27, 2016, Johnson signed with the Miami Heat.[33] The next day, he made his debut and first start for the Heat in a 98–81 win over the New York Knicks, recording 12 points, three rebounds and three assists in 30 minutes.[34] In his second game for the Heat on March 1 against the Chicago Bulls, Johnson scored 24 points and passed Reggie Theus for 50th on the NBA's career scoring list.[35] On March 12, he scored a season-high 28 points in a 112–104 overtime loss to the Toronto Raptors.[36] Johnson helped the Heat advance to the second round of the playoffs, where they were defeated 4–3 by the Raptors.
Utah Jazz (2016–present)[edit]
On July 8, 2016, Johnson signed a two-year, $22 million contract with the Utah Jazz.[37][38] He joined the Jazz with the intention being to come off the bench behind Gordon Hayward. But with an injury to Hayward during preseason, Johnson was thrust into the starting line-up in his absence.[39] He made his debut for the Jazz in their season opener on October 25, scoring a team-high 29 points in a 113–104 loss to the Portland Trail Blazers.[40] With Hayward's return to line-up on November 6 to face the New York Knicks, Johnson came off the bench for the first time since December 9, 2003.[41] On February 8, 2017, Johnson highlighted a 27-point performance with six three-pointers on eight attempts in a 127–94 win over the New Orleans Pelicans. [42] On April 15, 2017, Johnson scored a team-high 21 points off the bench and hit the game-winning floater at the buzzer to give the Jazz a 97–95 win over the Los Angeles Clippers in Game 1 of their first-round playoff series.[43] Eight days later in Game 4, Johnson again paced the Jazz with 28 points off the bench to give them a 105–98 victory and tie the series with the Clippers at 2–2.[44] The Jazz went on to eliminate the Clippers with a 104–91 victory in Game 7, closing out the first-round series 4–3 to earn the franchise's first postseason victory since 2010.[45]
Johnson missed 21 games early in the 2017–18 season while dealing with a right wrist injury.[46]
NBA career statistics[edit]
Legend
GP Games played GS Games started MPG Minutes per game
FG% Field goal percentage 3P% 3-point field goal percentage FT% Free throw percentage
RPG Rebounds per game APG Assists per game SPG Steals per game
BPG Blocks per game PPG Points per game Bold Career high
Regular season[edit]
Year
Team
GP
GS
MPG
FG%
3P%
FT%
RPG
APG
SPG
BPG
PPG
2001–02 Boston 48 33 20.9 .439 .273 .769 2.9 1.5 .7 .2 6.3
2001–02 Phoenix 29 27 31.5 .420 .333 .778 4.1 3.6 .9 .4 9.6
2002–03 Phoenix 82 34 27.5 .397 .366 .774 3.2 2.6 .8 .2 9.8
2003–04 Phoenix 82 77 40.6 .430 .305 .750 4.7 4.4 1.1 .3 16.7
2004–05 Phoenix 82 82 39.5 .461 .478 .750 5.1 3.5 1.0 .3 17.1
2005–06 Atlanta 82 82 40.7 .453 .356 .791 4.1 6.5 1.3 .4 20.2
2006–07 Atlanta 57 57 41.4 .471 .381 .748 4.2 4.4 1.1 .2 25.0
2007–08 Atlanta 82 82 40.8 .432 .381 .834 4.5 5.8 1.0 .2 21.7
2008–09 Atlanta 79 79 39.5 .437 .360 .826 4.4 5.8 1.1 .2 21.4
2009–10 Atlanta 76 76 38.0 .458 .369 .818 4.6 4.9 1.1 .1 21.3
2010–11 Atlanta 72 72 35.5 .443 .297 .802 4.0 4.7 .7 .1 18.2
2011–12 Atlanta 60 60 35.5 .454 .388 .849 3.7 3.9 .8 .2 18.8
2012–13 Brooklyn 72 72 36.7 .423 .375 .820 3.0 3.5 .7 .2 16.3
2013–14 Brooklyn 79 79 32.6 .454 .401 .815 3.4 2.7 .6 .1 15.8
2014–15 Brooklyn 80 80 34.9 .435 .359 .801 4.8 3.7 .7 .2 14.4
2015–16 Brooklyn 57 57 33.9 .406 .371 .852 3.9 4.1 .7 .0 11.8
2015–16 Miami 24 24 32.1 .518 .417 .765 2.8 3.6 .9 .1 13.4
2016–17 Utah 78 14 23.6 .436 .411 .818 3.1 1.8 .5 .2 9.2
Career 1221 1087 35.2 .442 .374 .801 4.0 4.0 .9 .2 16.4
All-Star 6 1 16.8 .390 .310 .000 .8 1.3 1.2 .0 6.8
Playoffs[edit]
Year
Team
GP
GS
MPG
FG%
3P%
FT%
RPG
APG
SPG
BPG
PPG
2003 Phoenix 6 0 27.3 .275 .154 .400 4.3 1.3 .7 .3 5.3
2005 Phoenix 9 9 39.4 .504 .556 .697 4.3 3.3 1.1 .4 18.8
2008 Atlanta 7 7 39.3 .409 .444 .909 3.9 4.0 .3 .0 20.0
2009 Atlanta 11 11 39.0 .417 .353 .622 4.5 3.5 1.3 .0 16.4
2010 Atlanta 11 11 40.0 .387 .220 .810 5.1 5.0 .9 .3 17.9
2011 Atlanta 12 12 41.4 .439 .429 .810 4.6 3.3 1.1 .1 18.8
2012 Atlanta 6 6 40.5 .373 .250 .750 3.5 3.5 1.3 .2 17.2
2013 Brooklyn 7 7 38.7 .417 .256 .889 3.1 2.7 1.1 .0 14.9
2014 Brooklyn 12 12 39.1 .533 .415 .837 3.8 2.9 .5 .3 21.2
2015 Brooklyn 6 6 41.5 .362 .293 .792 7.7 4.8 1.2 .0 16.5
2016 Miami 14 14 35.1 .430 .283 .875 4.7 2.5 .6 .2 12.1
2017 Utah 11 2 29.7 .436 .333 .733 3.9 2.5 .5 .1 12.9
Career 112 97 37.6 .428 .341 .779 4.4 3.3 .9 .2 16.2
Personal life[edit]
Johnson's mother, Diane, was diagnosed in 2008 with multiple myeloma, a rare and typically incurable cancer of bone marrow plasma cells. His mother, a former state psychiatric hospital nurse, raised her only son by herself in Little Rock, benefitting from the help of a close family that included her mother and brothers.[47] According to Johnson, his mother is now cancer free.[48]
See also[edit]
List of National Basketball Association career scoring leaders
List of National Basketball Association career 3-point scoring leaders
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Hawks Community News – 2008–09". NBA.com. Archived from the original on December 10, 2012. Retrieved April 3, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b "Joe Johnson Stats". Sports-Reference.com. Archived from the original on December 10, 2012. Retrieved April 3, 2009.
Jump up ^ "2001 NBA DRAFT SELECTIONS:". NBA.com. Retrieved February 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Suns acquire Joe Johnson; Celtics acquire Rodney Rogers and Tony Delk". NBATrades.Tumblr.com. February 20, 2002. Retrieved April 3, 2009.
Jump up ^ "HAWKS OBTAIN JOE JOHNSON FROM PHOENIX SUNS". NBA.com. August 19, 2005. Retrieved April 3, 2009.
Jump up ^ "2005-06 NBA Stats: Per Game". Basketball-Reference.com. Retrieved June 19, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Johnson gets career-high 42 points, including Hawks' first 12". ESPN.com. March 7, 2006. Retrieved March 7, 2006.
Jump up ^ "Bucks blow 17-point lead before rallying for victory". ESPN.com. March 14, 2006. Retrieved March 14, 2006.
Jump up ^ "Bobcats' franchise-record losing skid reaches 13". ESPN.com. February 1, 2006. Retrieved February 1, 2006.
Jump up ^ "USA Basketball Roster at the 2006 FIBA World Championships". LandOfBasketball.com. Retrieved April 1, 2008.
Jump up ^ "ATLANTA'S JOE JOHNSON NAMED NBA EASTERN CONFERENCE PLAYER OF THE MONTH PRESENTED BY KIA". NBA.com. April 1, 2008. Archived from the original on April 5, 2008. Retrieved April 1, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Hawks take care of business at home, send series to Boston in deadlock". ESPN.com. April 29, 2008. Retrieved April 29, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Johnson's triple-double carries Hawks to win". ESPN.com. December 23, 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Joe Johnson wasn't aware of 10,000th point". AJC.com. January 31, 2009. Archived from the original on February 3, 2009. Retrieved January 31, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Johnson comes up clutch as Hawks down Bobcats". NBA.com. Turner Sports Interactive, Inc. March 20, 2010. Retrieved March 20, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Johnson signs six-year, $124M deal". ESPN.com. July 8, 2010. Retrieved July 8, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Brooklyn Nets Acquire All-Star Joe Johnson". NBA.com. July 11, 2012. Retrieved July 11, 2012.
Jump up ^ Freeman, Eric (February 20, 2013). "Joe Johnson forces overtime, follows with the game-winner to beat the Bucks (VIDEO)". Yahoo.com. Retrieved February 20, 2013.
Jump up ^ Mazzeo, Mike (March 1, 2013). "Nets' Joe Johnson starts in return". ESPN.com. Retrieved March 1, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Notebook: Nets 130, Sixers 94". NBA.com. Turner Sports Interactive, Inc. December 17, 2013. Retrieved December 17, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Notebook: Nets 95, Thunder 93". NBA.com. Turner Sports Interactive, Inc. January 3, 2014. Retrieved January 3, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Nets earn first win, beat Pistons 102-90". NBA.com. Turner Sports Interactive, Inc. November 2, 2014. Retrieved November 2, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Pondexter leads Pelicans past Nets, 102-96". NBA.com. Turner Sports Interactive, Inc. February 26, 2015. Retrieved February 26, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Curry leads Warriors past Nets 107-99 in overtime". NBA.com. Turner Sports Interactive, Inc. November 15, 2015. Retrieved November 15, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Joe Johnson has made a field goal in 900.." Twitter.com. November 28, 2015. Retrieved November 28, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Raptors hand Nets 8th straight home loss, 91-74". NBA.com. Turner Sports Interactive, Inc. January 6, 2016. Retrieved January 6, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Pistons ease past Nets 103-89 for 3rd straight win". NBA.com. Turner Sports Interactive, Inc. January 9, 2016. Retrieved January 9, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Lopez scores 31, Nets end Thunder's seven-game win streak". NBA.com. Turner Sports Interactive, Inc. January 25, 2016. Retrieved January 25, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Johnson, Nets have season-best night in beating Kings". NBA.com. Turner Sports Interactive, Inc. February 5, 2016. Retrieved February 5, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Johnson hits 3-pointer at buzzer, Nets beat Nuggets 105-104". NBA.com. Turner Sports Interactive, Inc. February 8, 2016. Retrieved February 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Grizzlies rout Nets in 1st game since Gasol's broken foot". NBA.com. Turner Sports Interactive, Inc. February 10, 2016. Retrieved February 10, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Brooklyn Nets Waive Joe Johnson". NBA.com. Turner Sports Interactive, Inc. February 25, 2016. Retrieved February 25, 2016.
Jump up ^ "HEAT Signs Joe Johnson". NBA.com. Turner Sports Interactive, Inc. February 27, 2016. Retrieved February 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Wade scores 26, Heat beat Knicks in Joe Johnson's debut". NBA.com. Turner Sports Interactive, Inc. February 28, 2016. Retrieved February 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Heat set franchise shooting record, roll past Bulls 129-111". NBA.com. Turner Sports Interactive, Inc. March 1, 2016. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
Jump up ^ "DeRozan scores 38 as Raptors beat Heat 112-104 in OT". NBA.com. Turner Sports Interactive, Inc. March 12, 2016. Retrieved March 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Jazz Sign Free Agent Joe Johnson". NBA.com. July 8, 2016. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Reports: Joe Johnson, Utah agree on 2-year, $22 million deal". ESPN.com. July 2, 2016. Retrieved November 6, 2016.
Jump up ^ Falk, Aaron (October 11, 2016). "Utah Jazz: Joe Johnson thrust back into starting role with Gordon Hayward injured". SLTrib.com. Retrieved October 11, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Lillard scores 39, Blazers run home-opening win streak to 16". ESPN.com. October 25, 2016. Retrieved October 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Hayward scores 28 in season debut, leads Jazz over Knicks". ESPN.com. November 6, 2016. Retrieved November 6, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Johnson scores 27, Jazz pound Pelicans 127-94". ESPN.com. February 8, 2017. Retrieved February 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Jazz overcome loss of Rudy Gobert, down Clippers on buzzer-beater". ESPN.com. April 15, 2017. Retrieved April 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Johnson scores 28, Jazz beat Clippers 105-98 to even series". ESPN.com. April 23, 2017. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Jazz sink Clippers in 7 for first postseason series win since 2010". ESPN.com. April 30, 2017. Retrieved April 30, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Gorbert, Favors hurt in Jazz's 107-95 win over Celtics". ESPN.com. December 15, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ Bondy, Stefan (February 25, 2013). "Diane Johnson battles rare cancer with strength and love of her son, Brooklyn Nets star Joe Johnson". nydailynews.com. Retrieved March 1, 2013.
Jump up ^ Mazzeo, Mike (October 26, 2014). "Joe Johnson says mother cancer free". ESPN. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Joe Johnson (basketball).
Career statistics and player information from NBA.com, or Basketball-Reference.com
[show]
v
t
e
Utah Jazz current roster
2 Ingles
3 Rubio
5 Hood
6 Johnson
8 Jerebko
10 Burks
11 Exum
13 Bradley
15 Favors
16 Wolters (TW)
17 Griffin (TW)
22 Sefolosha
23 O'Neale
25 Neto
27 Gobert
33 Udoh
45 Mitchell
Head coach: Snyder
Assistant coaches:
Bryant
Jensen
Jones
Kokoškov
Lang
McKown
Wells
Watkinson
[show]
v
t
e
2001 NBA draft
First round
Kwame Brown
Tyson Chandler
Pau Gasol
Eddy Curry
Jason Richardson
Shane Battier
Eddie Griffin
DeSagana Diop
Rodney White
Joe Johnson
Kedrick Brown
Vladimir Radmanović
Richard Jefferson
Troy Murphy
Steven Hunter
Kirk Haston
Michael Bradley
Jason Collins
Zach Randolph
Brendan Haywood
Joseph Forte
Jeryl Sasser
Brandon Armstrong
Raül López
Gerald Wallace
Samuel Dalembert
Jamaal Tinsley
Tony Parker
Second round
Trenton Hassell
Gilbert Arenas
Omar Cook
Will Solomon
Terence Morris
Brian Scalabrine
Jeff Trepagnier
Damone Brown
Mehmet Okur
Michael Wright
Earl Watson
Jamison Brewer
Bobby Simmons
Eric Chenowith
Kyle Hill
Sean Lampley
Loren Woods
Ousmane Cisse
Antonis Fotsis
Ken Johnson
Ruben Boumtje-Boumtje
Alton Ford
Andre Hutson
Jarron Collins
Kenny Satterfield
Maurice Jeffers
Robertas Javtokas
Alvin Jones
Bryan Bracey
[show]
v
t
e
United States squad – 2006 FIBA World Championship – Bronze medal
4 Johnson
5 Hinrich
6 James
7 Jamison
8 Battier
9 Wade
10 Paul
11 Bosh
12 Howard
13 Miller
14 Brand
15 Anthony
Coach: Krzyzewski
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joe_Johnson_(basketball)&oldid=816199810"
Categories:
1981 births
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This page was last edited on 19 December 2017, at 22:27.
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