text:
Excited state
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After absorbing energy, an electron may jump from the ground state to a higher energy excited state.
Excitations of copper 3d orbitals on the CuO2-plane of a high Tc superconductor; The ground state (blue) is x2-y2 orbitals; the excited orbitals are in green; the arrows illustrate inelastic x-ray spectroscopy
In quantum mechanics, an excited state of a system (such as an atom, molecule or nucleus) is any quantum state of the system that has a higher energy than the ground state (that is, more energy than the absolute minimum). Excitation is an elevation in energy level above an arbitrary baseline energy state. In physics there is a specific technical definition for energy level which is often associated with an atom being raised to an excited state.[citation needed] The temperature of a group of particles is indicative of the level of excitation (with the notable exception of systems that exhibit negative temperature).
The lifetime of a system in an excited state is usually short: spontaneous or induced emission of a quantum of energy (such as a photon or a phonon) usually occurs shortly after the system is promoted to the excited state, returning the system to a state with lower energy (a less excited state or the ground state). This return to a lower energy level is often loosely described as decay and is the inverse of excitation.
Long-lived excited states are often called metastable. Long-lived nuclear isomers and singlet oxygen are two examples of this.
Contents
[hide]
1 Atomic excitation
2 Perturbed gas excitation
3 Calculation of excited states
4 Excited state absorption
5 Reaction
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Atomic excitation[edit]
A simple example of this concept comes by considering the hydrogen atom.
The ground state of the hydrogen atom corresponds to having the atom's single electron in the lowest possible orbit (that is, the spherically symmetric "1s" wavefunction, which, so far, has demonstrated to have the lowest possible quantum numbers). By giving the atom additional energy (for example, by the absorption of a photon of an appropriate energy), the electron is able to move into an excited state (one with one or more quantum numbers greater than the minimum possible). If the photon has too much energy, the electron will cease to be bound to the atom, and the atom will become ionized.
After excitation the atom may return to the ground state or a lower excited state, by emitting a photon with a characteristic energy. Emission of photons from atoms in various excited states leads to an electromagnetic spectrum showing a series of characteristic emission lines (including, in the case of the hydrogen atom, the Lyman, Balmer, Paschen and Brackett series.)
An atom in a high excited state is termed a Rydberg atom. A system of highly excited atoms can form a long-lived condensed excited state e.g. a condensed phase made completely of excited atoms: Rydberg matter. Hydrogen can also be excited by heat or electricity.
Perturbed gas excitation[edit]
A collection of molecules forming a gas can be considered in an excited state if one or more molecules are elevated to kinetic energy levels such that the resulting velocity distribution departs from the equilibrium Boltzmann distribution. This phenomenon has been studied in the case of a two-dimensional gas in some detail, analyzing the time taken to relax to equilibrium.
Calculation of excited states[edit]
Excited states are often calculated using coupled cluster, Møller–Plesset perturbation theory, multi-configurational self-consistent field, configuration interaction,[1] and time-dependent density functional theory.[2][3][4][5][6]
Excited state absorption[edit]
The excitation of a system (an atom or molecule) from low-energy excited state to a high-energy excited state with the absorption of a photon is called excited state absorption (ESA). Excited state absorption is possible only when an electron has been already excited from the ground state to a lower excited state. The excited state absorption is usually an undesired effect, but it can be useful in upconversion pumping.[7] The excited state absorption measurements are done using pump-probe techniques. However, it is not easy to measure them compared to ground-state absorption and in some cases complete bleaching of the ground state is required to measure excited state absorption.[8]
Reaction[edit]
A further consequence is reaction of the atom in the excited state, as in photochemistry. Excited states give rise to chemical reaction.
See also[edit]
Rydberg formula
Stationary state
Repulsive state
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Hehre, Warren J. (2003). A Guide to Molecular Mechanics and Quantum Chemical Calculations (PDF). Irvine, California: Wavefunction, Inc. ISBN 1-890661-06-6.
Jump up ^ Glaesemann, Kurt R.; Govind, Niranjan; Krishnamoorthy, Sriram; Kowalski, Karol (2010). "EOMCC, MRPT, and TDDFT Studies of Charge Transfer Processes in Mixed-Valence Compounds: Application to the Spiro Molecule". The Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 114 (33): 8764–8771. doi:10.1021/jp101761d. PMID 20540550.
Jump up ^ Dreuw, Andreas; Head-Gordon, Martin (2005). "Single-Reference ab Initio Methods for the Calculation of Excited States of Large Molecules". Chemical Reviews. 105 (11): 4009–37. doi:10.1021/cr0505627. PMID 16277369.
Jump up ^ Knowles, Peter J.; Werner, Hans-Joachim (1992). "Internally contracted multiconfiguration-reference configuration interaction calculations for excited states". Theoretica Chimica Acta. 84: 95. doi:10.1007/BF01117405.
Jump up ^ Foresman, James B.; Head-Gordon, Martin; Pople, John A.; Frisch, Michael J. (1992). "Toward a systematic molecular orbital theory for excited states". The Journal of Physical Chemistry. 96: 135. doi:10.1021/j100180a030.
Jump up ^ Glaesemann, Kurt R.; Gordon, Mark S.; Nakano, Haruyuki (1999). "A study of FeCO+ with correlated wavefunctions". Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 1 (6): 967–975. Bibcode:1999PCCP....1..967G. doi:10.1039/a808518h.
Jump up ^ {url = https://www.rp-photonics.com/excited_state_absorption.html}
Jump up ^ Dolan, Giora; Goldschmidt, Chmouel R (1976). "A new method for absolute absorption cross-section measurements: rhodamine-6G excited singlet-singlet absorption spectrum". Chemical Physics Letters. 39 (2): 320–322. Bibcode:1976CPL....39..320D. doi:10.1016/0009-2614(76)80085-1.
External links[edit]
NASA background information on ground and excited states
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Indian Statistical Institute
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Indian Statistical Institute
Logo of the Indian Statistical Institute
Motto
भिन्नेष्वैक्यस्य दर्शनम्
Type
Public university
Established
17 December 1931
Director
Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay
Academic staff
255
Administrative staff
1000
Students
375
Undergraduates
110
Postgraduates
225
Doctoral students
40
Location
Kolkata (headquarters), Delhi, Chennai, Bangalore, Tezpur, Giridih, Hyderabad, India
Campus
Urban
Nickname
ISI
Affiliations
AIU
Website
isical.ac.in
Map of the Delhi campus
Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) is an academic institute of national importance as recognised by a 1959 act of the Indian parliament.[1] It grew out of the Statistical Laboratory set up by Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis in Presidency College, Kolkata. Established in 1931, this public university of India is one of the oldest and most prestigious institutions focused on statistics, and its early reputation led it to being adopted as a model for the first US institute of Statistics set up at the Research Triangle, North Carolina by Gertrude Mary Cox.[2]
Mahalanobis, the founder of ISI, was deeply influenced by wisdom and guidance of Rabindranath Tagore and Brajendranath Seal. Under his leadership, the institute initiated and promoted the interaction of Statistics with natural and social sciences to advance the role of Statistics as a key technology by explicating the twin aspects – its general applicability and its dependence on other disciplines for its own development. The institute is now considered as one of the foremost centres in the world for training and research in Computer science, Statistics, Quantitative Economics and related sciences.
ISI has its headquarters in Baranagar, a suburb of Kolkata, West Bengal. It has four subsidiary centres focused in academics at Delhi, Bangalore, Chennai and Tezpur, and a branch at Giridih. In addition, the Institute has a network of units of Statistical Quality Control and Operations Research at Vadodara, Coimbatore, Hyderabad, Mumbai and Pune engaged in guiding the industries, within and outside India, in developing the most up–to–date quality management systems and solving critical problems of quality, reliability and productivity.
Primary activities of ISI are research and training of Statistics, development of theoretical Statistics and its applications in various natural and social sciences. Originally affiliated with the University of Calcutta, the institute was declared an institute of national importance in 1959, through an act of Indian parliament, Indian Statistical Institute act, 1959. ISI functions under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MOSPI) of the Government of India.[3]
Key areas of expertise of ISI are Computer science, Statistics, Mathematics, Mathematical economics, Operations Research and Information Science and it is one of the few research oriented Indian schools offering courses at both the undergraduate and graduate level.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Administration
3 Objectives
4 Academics
4.1 Degree courses
4.2 Admissions
4.3 International Statistical Education Centre
4.4 Publications
4.5 Rankings
5 Achievements
5.1 Planning Commission
5.2 Computer science
5.3 Social sciences
5.4 Alumni
6 Visits by Heads of states
7 Campuses
7.1 Kolkata campus
7.2 Delhi campus
7.3 Bangalore campus
8 Student life
8.1 Student Fest
8.2 Placement
9 Citations
10 References
11 External links
History[edit]
ISI's origin can be traced back to the Statistical Laboratory in Presidency College, Kolkata set up by Mahalanobis, who worked in the Physics Department of the college in the 1920s. During 1913–15, he did his Tripos in Mathematics and Physics at University of Cambridge,[4] where he came across Biometrica, a journal of Statistics founded by Karl Pearson.[5] Since 1915, he taught Physics at Presidency College,[4] but his interest in Statistics grew under the guidance of polymath Brajendranath Seal.[5] Many colleagues of Mahalanobis took an interest in Statistics and the group grew in the Statistical Laboratory. Considering the extensive application of Statistics in solving various problems in real life such as analyzing multivariate anthropometric data, applying sample surveys as a method of data collection, analyzing meteorological data, estimating crop yield etc., this group, particularly, Mahalanobis and his younger colleagues S. S. Bose and H. C. Sinha felt the necessity of forming a specialized institute to facilitate research and learning of Statistics.[6]
On 17 December 1931, Mahalonobis held a meeting with Pramatha Nath Banerji (Minto Professor of Economics), Nikhil Ranjan Sen (Khaira Professor of Applied Mathematics) and Sir R. N. Mukherji.[6][7][8] This meeting led to the establishment of the Indian Statistical Institute (ISI), which was formally registered on 28 April 1932, as a non-profit distributing learned society under the Societies Registration Act XXI of 1860.[7][8] Later, the institute was registered under the West Bengal Societies Registration Act XXVI of 1961 amended in 1964.[9] Mukherjee accepted the role of the president of ISI and held this position until his death in 1936.[9] In 1953,[10] ISI was relocated to a property owned by Professor Mahalanobis, named "Amrapali", in Baranagar, which is now a municipality at the northern outskirts of Kolkata.
In 1931, Mahalanobis was the only person working at ISI, and he managed it with an annual expenditure of Rs.250. It gradually grew with the pioneering work of a group of his colleagues including S. S. Bose, Samarendra Kumar Mitra (Head of the Computing Machines and Electronics Laboratory and designer of India's first computer), J. M. Sengupta, Raj Chandra Bose, Samarendra Nath Roy, K. R. Nair, R. R. Bahadur, Gopinath Kallianpur, D. B. Lahiri, and Anil Kumar Gain. Pitamber Pant, who had received training in Statistics at the institute, went on to become a secretary to the first Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru, and was a great source of help and support to the institute.[7]
The institute started a training section in 1938. In due course, many of the early workers left the ISI for careers in the USA or for positions in public/private sector in India. By the 1940s, the ISI was internationally known and was taken as a model when the first institute of Statistics was set up in the United States by Gertrude Cox – perhaps the only time an institute in a developing country was used as a model in a developed country.[2]
As asked by the Government of India, in 1950, ISI designed and planned a comprehensive socio–economic national sample survey covering rural India. The organisation named National Sample Survey (NSS) was founded in 1950 for conducting this survey.[11] The field work was performed by the Directorate of NSS, functioning under the Ministry of Finance, whereas the other tasks such as planning of the survey, training of field workers, review, data processing and tabulation were executed by ISI.[11] In 1961, the Directorate of NSS started functioning under the Department of Statistics of Government of India, and later in 1971, the design and analysis wing of NSS was shifted from ISI to the Department of Statistics forming the National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO).[11]
J. B. S. Haldane joined the ISI as a research professor from August 1957, and stayed on until February 1961, when he had a falling out with ISI Director P.C. Mahalanobis over Haldane's going on a much-publicized hunger strike to protest the United States pressuring U.S. National Science Fair winners Gary Botting and Susan Brown from attending an ISI banquet to which many prominent Indian scientists had been invited.[12] Haldane helped the ISI grow in biometrics.[13] Haldane also played a key role in developing the structure and content of the courses offered by ISI.
Until 1959, ISI was associated with the University of Calcutta. By 'The Indian Statistical Institute Act 1959' of the Parliament of India, amended in 1995, ISI was declared an institute of national importance,[1] and was authorised to hold examinations and to grant degrees and diplomas in Statistics, Mathematics, Computer Science, Quantitative Economics, and in any other subject related to Statistics as identified by the Institute from time to time.[1] ISI is a public university, as the same act also states that ISI would be funded by the Central Government of India.[1]
ISI had by the 1960s started establishing special service units in New Delhi, Chennai, Bangalore, Mumbai and Hyderabad to provide consultancy services to business, industry and governmental public service organisations in the areas of Statistical Process Control, Operations Research and Industrial Engineering. Additionally, Bangalore had a Documentation Research and Training Centre (DRTC). In the early 1970s, the Delhi and Bangalore units were converted to teaching centres. In 2008, ISI Chennai was upgraded to a teaching centre.[14] In 2011, ISI added a new centre in Tezpur.[15]
Administration[edit]
ISI functions as an autonomous institute under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MOSPI), which is the nodal ministry of the Government of India that ensures the functioning of ISI in accordance with The Indian Statistical Institute Act 1959.[3] ISI Council is the highest policy–making body of the institute.[16] Members of this council include the President of ISI, the Chairman of ISI, representatives of the Government of India including one representative of RBI, scientists not employed in ISI including one representative from the Planning Commission of India and one representative of the UGC, representatives of scientific and non-scientific workers of ISI, and representative from academic staff of ISI, including the Director of ISI and the Dean of Studies of ISI.[16] Bimal Kumar Roy was the Director until 10 June 2015; in a move unique in the history of the Institute, he was removed from his post via a notice posted on the web site of the Ministry of Statistics and Planning.[17]
President
Term
Chairman
Term
Director
Term
Rajendra Nath Mookerjee 1932-35 B. Rama Rao 1954 P. C. Mahalanobis 1931–1972
E. C. Benthall 1936-37 D. N. Mitra 1955-63 C. R. Rao 1972–1976
James Reid-Kay 1938 K. P. S. Menon 1964-70 Gopinath Kallianpur 1976–1978
Badridas Goenka 1939-41 S. C. Roy 1971 B. P. Adhikari 1979–1983
Nalini Ranjan Sarkar 1942-43 Atma Ram 1972 Ashok Maitra 1984–1987
C. D. Deshmukh 1944-63 P. N. Haksar 1973-97 J. K. Ghosh 1987–1992
Y. B. Chavan 1964-66 Bimal Jalan 1998-2001 B. L. S. Prakasa Rao 1992–1995
Satyendra Nath Bose 1967-75 N. R. Madhava Menon 2002-03 S. B. Rao 1995–2000
Subimal Dutt 1976-89 Pranab Mukherjee 2004-12 K. B. Sinha 2000–2005
M. G. K. Menon 1990-2012 A. K. Antony 2012-May 2014 S. K. Pal 2005–2010
C. Rangarajan 2012-till date Arun Shourie 2014-2016 Bimal Kumar Roy 2010–2015
Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay 2015 - till date
Objectives[edit]
The major objectives of the ISI are[18] to facilitate research and training of Statistics, to indulge in development of statistical theory and in application of statistical techniques – in the scenarios of planning at national level and in theoretical development of natural and social sciences, to participate in the process of data collection and analysis, to operate related projects in planning and improvement of efficiency of management and production.
The Sanskrit phrase भिन्नेष्वैक्यस्य दर्शणम् (Bhinneswaykyasya Darshanam), which literally means the philosophy of unity in diversity, is incorporated in the logo of the institute, and is the motto of ISI.[18]
Academics[edit]
New Academic Building, ISI Kolkata
Main office building, ISI Delhi
Main building, ISI Bangalore
Traditionally, ISI offers fewer programs (and admits fewer students) than most other degree granting academic institutions. Following the empowerment for granting degrees in the subject of Statistics as per the ISI Act 1959, in 1960, ISI initiated bachelor level degree program Bachelor of Statistics and master level degree course Master of Statistics, and also began awarding research level degrees such as PhD and DSc.[19] Later, ISI started offering Master of Technology (MTech) courses in Computer Science and in Quality, Reliability & Operations Research (QR&OR); these courses got recognition from All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE).[19] As ISI Act of 1959 was amended by the Parliament of India in 1995, ISI was empowered to confer degrees and diplomas in subjects such as Mathematics, Quantitative Economics, Computer Science, and other subjects related to Statistics and Operations Research as determined by ISI from time to time.[19] Apart from the degree courses, ISI offers few diploma and certificate courses, special diploma courses for international students via ISEC, and special courses in collaboration with CSO for training probationary officers of Indian Statistical Service (ISS).[20]
Degree courses[edit]
ISI offers two undergraduate programs, viz. Bachelor of Statistics (Honours) (B.Stat) and Bachelor of Mathematics (Honours) (B. Math),[21] seven graduate programs, viz. Master of Statistics (M. Stat), Master of Mathematics (M. Math), Master of Science in Quantitative Economics (MSQE), Master of Science in Library and Information Science (MSLIS), Master of Science in Quality Management Science (MSQMS), Master of Technology in Computer Science (MTech–CS) and Master of Technology in Quality, Reliability and Operations Research (MTech–QROR),[21] three PG Diploma programs, viz Post Graduate Diploma in Computer Applications (PGDCA)[22] and P.G. Diploma in Statistical Methods and Analytics and research fellowships towards obtaining a PhD degree.[21]. The third PG diploma program being in collaboration with IIM Calcutta and IIT Kharagpur - Post Graduate Diploma in Business Analytics (PGDBA)[23] with an aim to nurture and develop highly skilled business analytical professionals.
Undergraduate courses are of 3 years duration, whereas the graduate level courses of 2 years of duration. For all undergraduate and graduate level courses, the academic year is divided in two semesters.[20] Except for sponsored candidates of MTech courses, ISI students are not required to pay any tuition fees.[20] Conditional to performance beyond a threshold, all students and research fellows receive stipends, fellowships and contingency/book grants.[20] Students demonstrating outstanding performances are rewarded at the end of the semesters.[20] ISI campuses provide hostel accommodations with recreational facilities and limited medical facilities available free of cost.[20]
Admissions[edit]
Applicants of all degree courses are required to go through written admission tests and interviews.[20] ISI conducts the written tests at various examination centres across India.[20] Only in few cases, candidates may get called for the interview directly, viz. applicants of MTech Computer Science course having a GATE score above a threshold.[20] Also, candidates of research fellowship programmes having already qualified for a fellowship from CSIR or NBHM, can directly appear in an interview.[20]
International Statistical Education Centre[edit]
In 1950, ISI, in collaboration with International Statistical Institute, UNESCO and Government of India, had set up International Statistical Education Centre (ISEC) to impart knowledge of theoretical and applied statistics to participants from Middle East, East and South-East Asia, the Far East and Commonwealth countries of Africa.[19] The main training course offered by ISEC is meant for international students, preferably graduates with proficiency in English and Mathematics.[24] ISEC, located in Kolkata campus of ISI, functions with support from the Ministry of External Affairs and the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation of the Government of India.[25]
Publications[edit]
Sankhya, the statistical journal published by ISI, was founded in 1933, along the lines of Karl Pearson's Biometrika.[7] Mahalanobis was the founder editor.[19] Each volume of Sankhya consists of four issues; two of them are in Series A, containing articles on theoretical statistics, probability theory and stochastic processes, and the other two issues form the Series B, containing articles on applied statistics, i.e. applied probability, applied stochastic processes, econometrics and statistical computing.[26]
Rankings[edit]
According to India Education Review, no Indian university is in the world's top 200 universities.[27] The ascribed ranking of ISI is 386.[28] The web ranking of this institute, according to 4ICU (4 International Colleges and Universities), is 1693.[29] According to the web ranking published by Webometrics Ranking of World Universities, ISI currently holds the world rank of 2086.[30] In the subject-wise academic world ranking of Computer Science, Indian Statistical Institute features in 101—150 category.[31] The Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata is ranked 2nd in Computer Science research by mean citation rate, p-Index, h-index among all universities in India.[32]
Achievements[edit]
Over the years, researchers of ISI made fundamental contributions in various fields of Statistics such as Design of Experiments, Sample Survey, Multivariate statistics and Computer Science. Mahalanobis introduced the measure Mahalanobis distance which is used in multivariate statistics and other related fields.[33] Raj Chandra Bose, who is known for his contributions in coding theory, worked on Design of Experiments during his tenure at ISI, and was one of the three mathematicians, who disproved Euler's conjecture on orthogonal Latin squares.[10] Anil Kumar Bhattacharya is credited with introduction of the measures Bhattacharyya distance and Bhattacharya coefficient. Samarendra Nath Roy is known for his pioneering contributions in multivariate statistics.[34] Among colleagues of Mahalanobis, other notable contributors were K. R. Nair in Design of experiments, Jitendra Mohan Sengupta in Sample Survey, Ajit Dasgupta in Demography and Ramkrishna Mukherjea in Quantitative Sociology.[10] C. R. Rao's contributions during his association with ISI include two theorems of Statistical Inference known as Cramér–Rao inequality and Rao-Blackwell Theorem, and introduction of orthogonal arrays in Design of Experiments. Anil Kumar Gain is known for his contributions to the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient with his colleague Sir Ronald Fisher at the University of Cambridge.[33]
In 1953, India's first indigenous computer was designed by Samarendra Kumar Mitra who headed the Computing Machines and Electronics Laboratory at ISI Calcutta.
During 1953 - 1956 distinguished scientists, like Ronald Fisher, Norbert Wiener and Yuri Linnik visited ISI. Norbert Wiener collaborated with Gopinath Kallianpur on topics including ergodic theory, prediction theory and generalized harmonic analysis[35] In 1962, during his month-long visit to ISI, Soviet mathematician Andrey Kolmogorov wrote his notable paper on Kolmogorov Complexity, which was published in Sankhya, 1963.[36] Other distinguished scientists including Jerzy Neyman, Walter A. Shewhart, W. Edwards Deming and Abraham Wald have visited ISI during the tenure of P. C. Mahalanobis.[37]
Planning Commission[edit]
The second five-year plan of India was a brainchild of Mahalanobis. The plan followed the Mahalanobis model, an economic development model developed by Mahalanobis in 1953. The plan attempted to determine the optimal allocation of investment between productive sectors in order to maximise long-run economic growth . It used the prevalent state of art techniques of operations research and optimisation as well as the novel applications of statistical models developed at ISI. This second five-year plan shifted the focus from agriculture to industrialisation, with an objective of attaining self-reliance by economy of India. Domestic production of industrial products was encouraged in this plan, particularly in the development of the public sector.[38] The two-pronged strategy devised in this plan targeted rapid growth of the heavy industry, keeping emphasis on growth of small and cottage industries.[39]
B. S. Minhas and K. S. Parikh, both from the Planning Unit of ISI Delhi, played key roles in the Planning Commission of the Government of India. Minhas, who joined the Planning Unit in 1962 and retired as a distinguished scientist in 1989, was a member of the Planning Commission during 1971–74.[40][41] Parikh, who was a member of the Planning Commission during 2004–09,[40] chaired Integrated Energy Policy Committee of the commission,[42] was a member of the Economic Advisory Council of India during the tenure of five prime ministers,[42] also played a role in the Department of Atomic Energy establishment, and was a key advisor to the government on energy issues.[42]
Computer science[edit]
In India, the first analog computer was designed by Samarendra Kumar Mitra and built by Ashish Kumar Maity at ISI in 1953, for use in computation of numerical solutions of simultaneous linear equations using a modified version of Gauss-Siedel iteration.[43] In 1955, the first digital computer of India was procured by ISI.[43] This machine was of a model named HEC-2M, manufactured by British Tabulating Machine Company (BTM).[43] As per the agreement with BTM, ISI had to take care of the installation work and maintenance of it,[43] before it became operational in 1956.[44] Though this HEC-2M machine and the URAL-1 machine, which was bought in 1959 from Russia,[43] were operational till 1963,[43] ISI began development of the first second-generation digital computer of India in collaboration with Jadavpur University (JU).[43] This joint collaboration led by the head of the Computing Machines and Electronics Laboratory at ISI, Samarendra Kumar Mitra, produced the transistor-driven machine ISIJU-1, which became operational in 1964.[44] The first annual convention of the Computer Society of India (CSI) was hosted by ISI in 1965.[43][44] The Computer and Communication Sciences division of ISI produced many eminent scientists such as Samarendra Kumar Mitra (its original founder), Dwijesh Dutta Majumdar, Sankar Kumar Pal, Bidyut B. Chaudhuri, Nikhil R. Pal, Bhabani P. Sinha, Bhargab B. Bhattacharya, Malay K. Kundu, Sushmita Mitra, Bhabatosh Chanda, C. A. Murthy, Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay and many. ISI is regarded as one of the top most centres for research in computer science in India and attracts some of the best students in the country.[45]
The Knowledge-based Computer Systems project (KBCS), funded jointly by Department of Electronics and Information Technology (DoE), Government of India and UNDP since 1986, has a nodal centre at ISI Kolkata.[46] This unit is responsible for research in the area of image processing, pattern recognition, computer vision and artificial intelligence.[47]
Social sciences[edit]
R. L. Brahmachari, known for his work in many fields like agricultural sciences, zoology, botany, biometrics, did much of his work at ISI.
The institute has done some pioneering work and research in anthropology and palaeontology. A trove of dinosaur fossils was discovered by a team led by ISI researchers in the early 1960s. The scattered fossils were recovered and the partial skeleton was reconstructed at ISI's Baranagar campus. It turned out to be a unique species and was named the Isisaurus, after the institute.
The Linguistic Research Unit (LRU) of ISI was involved in the study of speech pathology. Đorđe Kostić of this laboratory was a distinguished scientist. He invented a unique hearing aid, called SAFA (Selective Auditory Frequency Amplifier) that simulates frequency-range according to the need of the particular hearing impaired person.[48]
Alumni[edit]
Many students and research scholars of ISI pursued a career in academics, and have excelled in the fields of statistics, mathematics, probability theory, computer science and economics. In statistics alumni of ISI who have been elected a Fellow of the American Statistical Association include P. V. Sukhatme (1950) and K. R. Nair (1951).
ISI alumni notable for non-academic career include politicians Subramanian Swamy and Dipankar Bhattacharya.
Visits by Heads of states[edit]
Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev visited ISI during his visit to India in 1955.[35] Zhou Enlai, the Prime Minister of China, and Ho Chi Minh, the President of Vietnam, during their visit to India specifically visited ISI respectively on 9 September 1956 and 13 February 1958.[49]
Campuses[edit]
ISI has its headquarters and the main campus in Kolkata. It has other centres in New Delhi, Bangalore, Chennai and smaller units in Hyderabad, Mumbai, Coimbatore, Giridih, Pune and Vadodara.[50] Tezpur, the 4th centre of ISI was inaugurated in 2011.[51]
Since mid-forties, ISI pioneered in research and application of Statistical Quality Control (SQC) in India.[52] Walter A. Shewhart, the statistician known as the father of SQC, and other experts of this field visited ISI over the years.[19] The first Statistical Quality Control and Operations Research (SQC & OR) unit of ISI was set up in Mumbai in 1953, followed by Bangalore and Kolkata units in 1954.[52] In 1976, this unit was transformed into the SQC & OR Division,[53] which now operates eight units, located at various industrial centres in India – Kolkata, Delhi, Bangalore, Chennai, Pune, Mumbai, Coimbatore and Vadodara.[54] These units partake in technical consultancy with public and private organisations, in addition with performing research and training activities.[19]
The branch at Giridih was set up in 1931 and it has two operational units, viz. the Sociological Research Unit and the Agricultural Research Unit.[55]
Kolkata campus[edit]
Main Building of Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata
ISI Kolkata has a campus consisting of six addresses at 201 through 206 Barrackpore Trunk Road, Baranagar. These include a house, which was an erstwhile office of the National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) of India.
ISI Kolkata campus is eco-friendly, as conceived by Mahalanobis. Hollow bricks that protect from heat and noise were used with minimum use of reinforced concrete, to avoid radiation. There was no use of bitumen-basalt combination at the roads inside ISI campuses. This helps in reduction of radiation and preservation of rain water to maintain equilibrium in ground-water level.
The Kolkata campus offers bachelors level degree course in Statistics (B. Stat), master's degree course in Statistics (M.Stat), Mathematics (M.Math), Computer Science (MTech), Quality Reliability and Operations Research (MTech) and Quantitative Economics (M.S.).[21] Major divisions and units are: Statistics and Mathematics Unit (SMU), Human Genetics Unit (HGU), Physics and Applied Mathematics Unit (PAMU), Advanced Computation and MicroElectronics Unit (ACMU), Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Unit (CVPRU), Machine Intelligence Unit (MIU), Electronics and Communication Sciences Unit (ECSU), Applied Statistics Unit (ASU), Economic Research Unit (ERU), Linguistic Research Unit (LRU), Sociology Research Unit (SRU), Psychometry Research Unit (PRU) and Population Studies Unit (PSU).
The Kolkata campus houses the International Statistical Education Centre (ISEC), which opened in 1950. This Centre provides training in statistics to sponsored students mainly from the Middle East, South and South East Asia, the Far East and the Commonwealth Countries of Africa. The Centre also offers various short-term courses in statistics and related subjects.
The Center for Soft Computing Research: A National Facility, an associate institute of Indian Statistical Institute and established in Kolkata in 2005, is unique in the country. Apart from conducting basic research, it offers a 3-month course and promotes less endowed institutes by providing fellowships and research grants.
The Central Library of ISI is located at Kolkata with branches at the other facilities. The library has over 200,000 volumes of books and journals with a special emphasis on the field of statistics and related studies. The main branch also has a collection of official reports, reprints, maps, and microfilms. The library receives over a thousand new technical and scientific journals every year. The Library has databases on CD-ROM and is working on further digitization of the collection. The library has a separate collection of works on the topics of mathematics and statistics called the Eastern Regional Centre of NBHM collection, funded by grants from the National Board for Higher Mathematics.
Delhi campus[edit]
Main road inside the Institute
Gardens near the main entrance
Night view of the campus
Canteen
Hostel
Library
The ISI campus at New Delhi was established in 1974 and was shifted to the present campus in 1975.[56]
The Delhi campus offers two master level courses Master of Statistics (M. Stat) and Master of Science (M. S.) in Quantitative Economics, and doctoral programs.[21]
Bangalore campus[edit]
Main building
Main hostel
Guest House
Auditorium
The Bangalore Centre of ISI started with a Statistical Quality Control and Operations Research (SQC&OR) unit in 1954.[52] The Documentation Research and Training Centre (DRTC) here became operational from 1962 with honorary professor S. R. Ranganathan as the head.[57] Prof. Mahalanobis planned of starting a full-fledged centre of ISI here around the mid-sixties. In 1966, the then Government of Karnataka granted ISI 30 acres of forest land full of eucalyptus trees, next to the upcoming campus of the Bangalore University, located on the Mysore Road on the outskirts of the city.[58]
However, after death of Prof. Mahalanobis in 1972, the project of establishing Bangalore centre got temporarily shelved. The project was again revived during 1976–78. Concrete proposals were made to the Government of India to get grants for the development of the land already in possession of ISI, along with the construction of an academic block with a library and offices.[58]
In the meantime, a building was rented on Church Street, in Bangalore downtown, and various activities of the Bangalore Centre started in September 1978. The Economic Analysis Unit (EAU) and the Statistics and Mathematics Unit (SMU) were established. The SQC&OR Unit and the DRTC unit, which were functioning from other rented buildings at that time, joined this new Centre.
As construction of the administrative block at the new campus got completed, the various units moved to the new campus in May 1985. The sprawling green wooded Campus has Residential Facility for students, faculty and staff.
The Bangalore centre was formally declared as a centre of ISI in September 1996.[58]
The Systems Science and Informatics Unit (SSIU) was established in 2009[58]
The Bangalore centre has by now became an institution well known for its academic activities in Mathematics, Statistics, Computer Science, SQC and Operations Research, Library and Information Science, and Quantitative Economics.[58]
The Bangalore campus offers bachelor level course Bachelor of Mathematics (B. Math), master level courses Master of Mathematics (M. Math), Master of Science (M. S.) in Library and Information Science and Master of Science (M. S.) in Quality Management Science, and doctoral programs.[21]
Student life[edit]
Student Fest[edit]
Main article: Integration
Integration is the annual techno-cultural fest of Indian Statistical Institute, usually held during the first and second weekend of January each year. It is one of the biggest student fests in Kolkata, and attracts participation from all over the world.Also the performances of great artists are always a center of attraction for all.
Placement[edit]
Alumni of ISI – including recipients of PhD degree – are employed in government and semi–government departments, industrial establishments, research institutions, in India and other countries.[20] There is a placement cell in ISI Kolkata that organizes campus interviews by prospective employers in various campuses of ISI.[20] Since recent past, a high percentage of ISI alumni gets absorbed into jobs in analytics, banking, finance and software industry.[59]
Citations[edit]
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References[edit]
Ghosh, J. K.; Maiti, P.; Rao, T.J.; Sinha, B.K. (April 1999). "Evolution of Statistics in India" (PDF). International Statistical Review. Mexico: International Statistical Institute. 67 (1): 13–34. doi:10.1111/j.1751-5823.1999.tb00378.x. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 August 2013.
Ghosh, Jayanta; Maiti, Pulakesh; Bera, Anil (2010). "Indian Statistical Institute: Numbers and Beyond, 1931–47 (chapter 33)". In Dasgupta, Uma. Science and Modern India: An Institutional History, C. 1784–1947. Pearson Education India. ISBN 978-8131728185. Retrieved 9 December 2012.
External links[edit]
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text:
Setting the World on Fire
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Setting the World on Fire"
Single by Kenny Chesney featuring Pink
from the album Cosmic Hallelujah
Released
July 28, 2016 (2016-07-28)[1]
Format
Digital download
Recorded
2016
Genre
Country pop
country rock
Length
3:37
Label
Blue Chair
Columbia Nashville
Songwriter(s)
Ross Copperman
Matt Jenkins
Josh Osborne
Producer(s)
Buddy Cannon
Kenny Chesney
Kenny Chesney singles chronology
"Noise"
(2016) "Setting the World on Fire"
(2016) "Bar at the End of the World"
(2017)
"Noise"
(2016) "Setting the World on Fire"
(2016) "Bar at the End of the World"
(2017)
Pink singles chronology
"Just like Fire"
(2016) Just like Fire2016 "Setting the World on Fire"
(2016) Setting the World on Fire2016 "Waterfall"
(2017) Waterfall2017
Music video
"Setting the World on Fire" on YouTube
"Setting the World on Fire" is a song written by Ross Copperman, Matt Jenkins, and Josh Osborne and recorded by American country music artist Kenny Chesney, featuring American singer Pink. It was released to country radio on July 28, 2016[1] and to digital retailers the following day as the second single from Chesney's seventeenth studio album, Cosmic Hallelujah.[1][2] The song was also promoted to adult and pop radio on September 12, 2016.[3] The song was nominated for the Best Country Duo/Group Performance at the 2017 Grammy Awards.
Contents
[hide]
1 Commercial performance
2 Music video
3 Personnel
4 Charts
4.1 Year end charts
5 Certifications
6 Release history
7 References
Commercial performance[edit]
"Setting the World on Fire" debuted at number 26 on the Australian Singles Chart, becoming Chesney's first ever song to chart in Australia.
In Canada, the song debuted at number 47 on the Canada Country chart and has reached number one and debuted at number 67 on the Canadian Hot 100 and peaked at number 48.
In the United States, the song sold 93,000 copies in its first week, marking Chesney's biggest sales week for a single, surpassing the previous best sales week of his 2012 song "Feel Like a Rock Star".[4] It was the second best-selling song for the week of August 20, 2016. It concurrently debuted at number 29 on the US Billboard Hot 100, becoming Kenny's 25th top 40 hit on the all-genre chart. It also rose from number 43 to number two on Hot Country Songs chart, eventually peaking at number one. On the Country Airplay chart, it debuted at number 22 and has reached number one. "Setting the World on Fire" debuted at number 35 on the Adult Pop Songs chart for the week of October 8, 2016 and is Chesney's first entry on the chart.[5]
As of January 2017, it has sold 624,000 copies in the United States.[6]
Music video[edit]
The music video was directed by P. R. Brown, and premiered in September 2016. Neither Chesney nor Pink are featured in the music video, except for various posters and billboards displaying the collaboration. The music video is in black and white, and tells the story of two young lovers who move to Los Angeles and have a romantic encounter, as described in the song's lyrics. It was filmed around Los Angeles and Riverside, California over two days in August 2016.[7]
Personnel[edit]
Kenny Chesney – lead vocals
Chad Cromwell – drums
Kenny Greenberg – electric guitar
David Huff – programming
Pink – duet vocals
Danny Rader – acoustic guitar
Mike Rojas – synthesizer
F. Reid Shippen – programming
Jimmie Lee Sloas – bass guitar
Derek Wells – electric guitar
Charts[edit]
Chart (2016–17)
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[8]
26
Canada (Canadian Hot 100)[9]
48
Canada AC (Billboard)[10]
31
Canada Country (Billboard)[11]
1
Canada Hot AC (Billboard)[12]
45
US Billboard Hot 100[13]
29
US Adult Top 40 (Billboard)[14]
19
US Country Airplay (Billboard)[15]
1
US Hot Country Songs (Billboard)[16]
1
Year end charts[edit]
Chart (2016)
Position
US Country Airplay (Billboard)[17]
28
US Hot Country Songs (Billboard)[18]
20
Certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
Australia (ARIA)[19]
Gold 35,000^
Canada (Music Canada)[20]
Platinum 80,000^
United States (RIAA)[21]
Platinum 1,000,000
^shipments figures based on certification alone
sales+streaming figures based on certification alone
Release history[edit]
Country
Date
Format
Label
Ref.
United States July 28, 2016 Country radio
Blue Chair
Columbia Nashville
[1]
Worldwide July 29, 2016 Digital download [2][22]
United States September 12, 2016
Contemporary hit radio
hot adult contemporary
[3]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d McClellan, Laura (July 22, 2016). "Kenny Chesney to Release Pink Collab as New Single". Taste of Country. Townsquare Media. Retrieved 30 August 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Setting the World on Fire (with P!nk) - Single by Kenny Chesney". iTunes Store (US). Apple Inc. Archived from the original on August 30, 2016. Retrieved 30 August 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Billboard Country Update" (PDF). Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. August 29, 2016. p. 14. Retrieved 30 August 2016.
Jump up ^ Asker, Jim (August 9, 2016). "Chris Lane Gets His No. 1 'Fix' ... Jake Owen and Kenny Chesney, Too". Billboard.
Jump up ^ Trust, Gary (September 27, 2016). "Pink's 'Just Like Fire' Tops Adult Contemporary Chart & Passes 1 Million Sold". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved 27 September 2016.
Jump up ^ Bjorke, Matt (January 23, 2017). "Top 30 Digital Singles Chart: January 23, 2017". Roughstock.
Jump up ^ "CMT : Videos : Kenny Chesney : Setting the World On Fire". Country Music Television. Retrieved September 16, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Australian-charts.com – Kenny Chesney feat. P!nk – Setting the World on Fire". ARIA Top 50 Singles. Retrieved August 6, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Kenny Chesney Chart History (Canadian Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved October 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Kenny Chesney Chart History (Canada AC)". Billboard. Retrieved January 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Kenny Chesney Chart History (Canada Country)". Billboard. Retrieved September 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Kenny Chesney Chart History (Canada Hot AC)". Billboard. Retrieved January 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Kenny Chesney Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved August 9, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Kenny Chesney Chart History (Adult Pop Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Kenny Chesney Chart History (Country Airplay)". Billboard. Retrieved October 25, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Kenny Chesney Chart History (Hot Country Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved August 9, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Country Airplay: Year End 2016". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved January 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Hot Country Songs: Year End 2016". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved January 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2017 Singles". Australian Recording Industry Association. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Canadian single certifications – Kenny Chesney – Setting the World on Fire". Music Canada. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ "American single certifications – Kenny Chesney & P!nk – Setting the World on Fire". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved October 11, 2017. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Single, then click SEARCH
Jump up ^ "Setting the World on Fire (with P!nk) - Single by Kenny Chesney". iTunes Store (Australia). Apple Inc. Retrieved 30 August 2016.

Preceded by
"You Look Like I Need a Drink"
by Justin Moore Billboard Canada Country
number-one single
October 15–22, 2016 Succeeded by
"It Don't Hurt Like It Used To"
by Billy Currington
Preceded by
"Forever Country"
by Artists of Then, Now & Forever Billboard Hot Country Songs
number-one single
October 22–November 12, 2016 Succeeded by
"Blue Ain't Your Color"
by Keith Urban
Preceded by
"I Know Somebody"
by LoCash Billboard Country Airplay
number-one single
November 5, 2016 Succeeded by
"Move"
by Luke Bryan
[show]
v
t
e
Kenny Chesney singles
In My Wildest Dreams
"The Tin Man"
All I Need to Know
"Fall in Love"
"All I Need to Know"
"Grandpa Told Me So"
Me and You
"Me and You"
"When I Close My Eyes"
I Will Stand
"She's Got It All"
"A Chance"
"That's Why I'm Here"
"I Will Stand"
Everywhere We Go
"How Forever Feels"
"You Had Me from Hello"
"She Thinks My Tractor's Sexy"
"What I Need to Do"
Greatest Hits
"I Lost It"
"Don't Happen Twice"
"The Tin Man" (re-release)
No Shoes, No Shirt, No Problems
"Young"
"The Good Stuff"
"A Lot of Things Different"
"Big Star"
"No Shoes, No Shirt, No Problems"
When the Sun Goes Down
"There Goes My Life"
"When the Sun Goes Down" (w/ Uncle Kracker)
"I Go Back"
"The Woman with You"
"Anything but Mine"
"Keg in the Closet"
The Road and the Radio
"Who You'd Be Today"
"Living in Fast Forward"
"Summertime"
"You Save Me"
"Beer in Mexico"
Just Who I Am: Poets & Pirates
"Never Wanted Nothing More"
"Don't Blink"
"Shiftwork" (w/ George Strait)
"Better as a Memory"
Lucky Old Sun
"Everybody Wants to Go to Heaven" (w/ The Wailers)
"Down the Road" (w/ Mac McAnally)
Greatest Hits II
"Out Last Night"
"I'm Alive" (w/ Dave Matthews)
"Ain't Back Yet"
Hemingway's Whiskey
"The Boys of Fall"
"Somewhere with You"
"Live a Little"
"You and Tequila" (w/ Grace Potter)
"Reality"
Welcome to the Fishbowl
"Feel Like a Rock Star" (w/ Tim McGraw)
"Come Over"
"El Cerrito Place"
Life on a Rock
"Pirate Flag"
"When I See This Bar"
The Big Revival
"American Kids"
"Til It's Gone"
"Wild Child" (w/ Grace Potter)
"Save It for a Rainy Day"
Cosmic Hallelujah
"Noise"
"Setting the World on Fire" (w/ Pink)
"Bar at the End of the World"
"All the Pretty Girls"
Guest singles
"Hey, Good Lookin'" (w/ Jimmy Buffett, Clint Black, Alan Jackson, Toby Keith and George Strait)
"Find Out Who Your Friends Are" (w/ Tracy Lawrence and Tim McGraw)
"Every Other Weekend" (w/ Reba McEntire)
"Everything's Gonna Be Alright" (w/ David Lee Murphy)
See also
Discography
"Back Where I Come From"
"Baptism"
"Some People Change"
"Take Me There"
"Turning Home"
[show]
v
t
e
Pink songs
Discography
Can't Take Me Home
"There You Go"
"Most Girls"
"You Make Me Sick"
Missundaztood
"Get the Party Started"
"Don't Let Me Get Me"
"Just Like a Pill"
"Family Portrait"
Try This
"Feel Good Time"
"Trouble"
"God is a DJ"
"Last to Know"
I'm Not Dead
"Stupid Girls"
"Who Knew"
"U + Ur Hand"
"Nobody Knows"
"Leave Me Alone (I'm Lonely)"
"Dear Mr. President"
Funhouse
"So What"
"Sober"
"Please Don't Leave Me"
"Bad Influence"
"Funhouse"
"I Don't Believe You"
"Glitter in the Air"
Greatest Hits... So Far!!!
"Raise Your Glass"
"Fuckin' Perfect"
"Whataya Want from Me"
The Truth About Love
"Blow Me (One Last Kiss)"
"Try"
"Just Give Me a Reason"
"True Love"
"Walk of Shame"
Beautiful Trauma
"What About Us"
"Beautiful Trauma"
"Revenge"
"Whatever You Want"
Collaborations
"Lady Marmalade"
"We Are the World 25 for Haiti"
"Won't Back Down"
"Setting the World on Fire"
"Waterfall"
Other songs
"Bridge of Light"
"I Am Not My Hair"
"Sing"
"Today's the Day"
"Just Like Fire"
"White Rabbit"
"Hands"
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Setting_the_World_on_Fire&oldid=832626453"
Categories:
2016 songs
2016 singles
Kenny Chesney songs
Pink (singer) songs
Columbia Nashville Records singles
Songs written by Ross Copperman
Songs written by Matt Jenkins
Songs written by Josh Osborne
Song recordings produced by Buddy Cannon
Columbia Records singles
Country ballads
Pop ballads
Vocal duets
Billboard Canada Country number-one singles
Billboard Hot Country Songs number-one singles
Billboard Country Airplay number-one singles
Hidden categories:
Music infoboxes with deprecated parameters
Articles with hAudio microformats
Singlechart usages for Australia
Singlechart usages for Canada
Singlechart called without song
Singlechart usages for Billboardcanadaac
Singlechart usages for Billboardcanadacountry
Singlechart usages for Billboardcanadahotac
Singlechart usages for Billboardhot100
Singlechart usages for Billboardadultpopsongs
Singlechart usages for Billboardcountryairplay
Singlechart usages for Billboardcountrysongs
Certification Table Entry usages for Australia
Certification Table Entry usages for Canada
Certification Table Entry usages for United States
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