text:
Max Planck
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
"Planck" redirects here. For other uses, see Planck (disambiguation).
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Max Planck
Planck in 1933
Born
Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck
(1858-04-23)23 April 1858
Kiel, Duchy of Holstein
Died
4 October 1947(1947-10-04) (aged 89)
Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
Nationality
German
Alma mater
Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
Known for
Planck constant
Planck postulate
Planck's law of black body radiation
Third law of thermodynamics
Fokker–Planck equation
Spouse(s)
Marie Merck (1887–1909)
Marga von Hösslin (1911–1947)
Awards
Nobel Prize in Physics (1918)
Lorentz Medal (1927)
Copley Medal (1929)
Max Planck Medal (1929)
Goethe Prize (1945)
Scientific career
Fields
Physics
Institutions
University of Kiel
University of Göttingen
Kaiser Wilhelm Society
Thesis
On the Second Principles of Mechanical Heat Theory (1879)
Doctoral advisor
Alexander von Brill
Gustav Kirchhoff
Hermann von Helmholtz
Doctoral students
Erich Kretschmann
Gustav Ludwig Hertz
Julius Edgar Lilienfeld
Max Abraham
Max von Laue
Moritz Schlick
Walter Schottky
Walther Bothe
Walther Meissner
Richard Becker
Other notable students
Lise Meitner
Signature
Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck, FRS[1] (/plɑːŋk/;[2] 23 April 1858 – 4 October 1947) was a German theoretical physicist whose discovery of energy quanta won him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918.[3]
Planck made many contributions to theoretical physics, but his fame as a physicist rests primarily on his role as the originator of quantum theory, which revolutionized human understanding of atomic and subatomic processes. In 1948 the German scientific institution the Kaiser Wilhelm Society (of which Planck was twice president), was renamed the Max Planck Society (MPS). The MPS now includes 83 institutions representing a wide range of scientific directions.
Contents
1 Early life and career
1.1 Academic career
1.2 Family
1.3 Professor at Berlin University
1.4 Black-body radiation
1.5 Einstein and the theory of relativity
1.6 First World War
1.7 Post-war and the Weimar Republic
1.8 Quantum mechanics
1.9 Nazi dictatorship and the Second World War
2 Religious views
3 Publications
4 See also
5 References
6 Sources
7 External links
Early life and career[edit]
Planck came from a traditional, intellectual family. His paternal great-grandfather and grandfather were both theology professors in Göttingen; his father was a law professor in Kiel and Munich.
Max Planck's signature at ten years of age
Planck was born in Kiel, Holstein, to Johann Julius Wilhelm Planck and his second wife, Emma Patzig. He was baptized with the name of Karl Ernst Ludwig Marx Planck; of his given names, Marx (a now obsolete variant of Markus or maybe simply an error for Max, which is actually short for Maximilian) was indicated as the "appellation name".[4] However, by the age of ten he signed with the name Max and used this for the rest of his life.[5]
He was the 6th child in the family, though two of his siblings were from his father's first marriage. Among his earliest memories was the marching of Prussian and Austrian troops into Kiel during the Second Schleswig War in 1864. In 1867 the family moved to Munich, and Planck enrolled in the Maximilians gymnasium school, where he came under the tutelage of Hermann Müller, a mathematician who took an interest in the youth, and taught him astronomy and mechanics as well as mathematics. It was from Müller that Planck first learned the principle of conservation of energy. Planck graduated early, at age 17.[6] This is how Planck first came in contact with the field of physics.
Planck was gifted when it came to music. He took singing lessons and played piano, organ and cello, and composed songs and operas. However, instead of music he chose to study physics.
Planck as a young man, 1878
The Munich physics professor Philipp von Jolly advised Planck against going into physics, saying, "in this field, almost everything is already discovered, and all that remains is to fill a few holes."[7] Planck replied that he did not wish to discover new things, but only to understand the known fundamentals of the field, and so began his studies in 1874 at the University of Munich. Under Jolly's supervision, Planck performed the only experiments of his scientific career, studying the diffusion of hydrogen through heated platinum, but transferred to theoretical physics.
In 1877 he went to the Friedrich Wilhelms University in Berlin for a year of study with physicists Hermann von Helmholtz and Gustav Kirchhoff and mathematician Karl Weierstrass. He wrote that Helmholtz was never quite prepared, spoke slowly, miscalculated endlessly, and bored his listeners, while Kirchhoff spoke in carefully prepared lectures which were dry and monotonous. He soon became close friends with Helmholtz. While there he undertook a program of mostly self-study of Clausius's writings, which led him to choose thermodynamics as his field.
In October 1878 Planck passed his qualifying exams and in February 1879 defended his dissertation, Über den zweiten Hauptsatz der mechanischen Wärmetheorie (On the second law of thermodynamics). He briefly taught mathematics and physics at his former school in Munich.
In June 1880, he presented his habilitation thesis, Gleichgewichtszustände isotroper Körper in verschiedenen Temperaturen (Equilibrium states of isotropic bodies at different temperatures).
Academic career[edit]
With the completion of his habilitation thesis, Planck became an unpaid private lecturer (Privatdozent) in Munich, waiting until he was offered an academic position. Although he was initially ignored by the academic community, he furthered his work on the field of heat theory and discovered one after another the same thermodynamical formalism as Gibbs without realizing it. Clausius's ideas on entropy occupied a central role in his work.
In April 1885 the University of Kiel appointed Planck as associate professor of theoretical physics. Further work on entropy and its treatment, especially as applied in physical chemistry, followed. He published his Treatise on Thermodynamics in 1897.[8] He proposed a thermodynamic basis for Svante Arrhenius's theory of electrolytic dissociation.
In 1889 he was named the successor to Kirchhoff's position at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität in Berlin[9] – presumably thanks to Helmholtz's intercession – and by 1892 became a full professor. In 1907 Planck was offered Boltzmann's position in Vienna, but turned it down to stay in Berlin. During 1909, as a University of Berlin professor, he was invited to become the Ernest Kempton Adams Lecturer in Theoretical Physics at Columbia University in New York City. A series of his lectures were translated and co-published by Columbia University professor A. P. Wills.[10] He retired from Berlin on 10 January 1926,[11] and was succeeded by Erwin Schrödinger.[12]
Family[edit]
In March 1887 Planck married Marie Merck (1861–1909), sister of a school fellow, and moved with her into a sublet apartment in Kiel. They had four children: Karl (1888–1916), the twins Emma (1889–1919) and Grete (1889–1917), and Erwin (1893–1945).
After the apartment in Berlin, the Planck family lived in a villa in Berlin-Grunewald, Wangenheimstrasse 21. Several other professors of Berlin University lived nearby, among them theologian Adolf von Harnack, who became a close friend of Planck. Soon the Planck home became a social and cultural center. Numerous well-known scientists, such as Albert Einstein, Otto Hahn and Lise Meitner were frequent visitors. The tradition of jointly performing music had already been established in the home of Helmholtz.
After several happy years, in July 1909 Marie Planck died, possibly from tuberculosis. In March 1911 Planck married his second wife, Marga von Hoesslin (1882–1948); in December his fifth child Hermann was born.
During the First World War Planck's second son Erwin was taken prisoner by the French in 1914, while his oldest son Karl was killed in action at Verdun. Grete died in 1917 while giving birth to her first child. Her sister died the same way two years later, after having married Grete's widower. Both granddaughters survived and were named after their mothers. Planck endured these losses stoically.
In January 1945, Erwin, to whom he had been particularly close, was sentenced to death by the Nazi Volksgerichtshof because of his participation in the failed attempt to assassinate Hitler in July 1944. Erwin was executed on 23 January 1945.[13]
Professor at Berlin University[edit]
As a professor at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität in Berlin, Planck joined the local Physical Society. He later wrote about this time: "In those days I was essentially the only theoretical physicist there, whence things were not so easy for me, because I started mentioning entropy, but this was not quite fashionable, since it was regarded as a mathematical spook".[14] Thanks to his initiative, the various local Physical Societies of Germany merged in 1898 to form the German Physical Society (Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft, DPG); from 1905 to 1909 Planck was the president.
Plaque at the Humboldt University of Berlin: "Max Planck, discoverer of the elementary quantum of action h, taught in this building from 1889 to 1928."
Planck started a six-semester course of lectures on theoretical physics, "dry, somewhat impersonal" according to Lise Meitner, "using no notes, never making mistakes, never faltering; the best lecturer I ever heard" according to an English participant, James R. Partington, who continues: "There were always many standing around the room. As the lecture-room was well heated and rather close, some of the listeners would from time to time drop to the floor, but this did not disturb the lecture". Planck did not establish an actual "school"; the number of his graduate students was only about 20, among them:
1897 Max Abraham (1875–1922)
1903 Max von Laue (1879–1960)
1904 Moritz Schlick (1882–1936)
1906 Walther Meissner (1882–1974)
1907 Fritz Reiche (1883–1960)
1912 Walter Schottky (1886–1976)
1914 Walther Bothe (1891–1957)[15]
Black-body radiation[edit]
In 1894 Planck turned his attention to the problem of black-body radiation. He had been commissioned by electric companies to create maximum light from lightbulbs with minimum energy.[citation needed] The problem had been stated by Kirchhoff in 1859: "how does the intensity of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by a black body (a perfect absorber, also known as a cavity radiator) depend on the frequency of the radiation (i.e., the color of the light) and the temperature of the body?". The question had been explored experimentally, but no theoretical treatment agreed with experimental values. Wilhelm Wien proposed Wien's law, which correctly predicted the behaviour at high frequencies, but failed at low frequencies. The Rayleigh–Jeans law, another approach to the problem, created what was later known as the "ultraviolet catastrophe", but contrary to many textbooks this was not a motivation for Planck.[16]
Planck's first proposed solution to the problem in 1899 followed from what Planck called the "principle of elementary disorder", which allowed him to derive Wien's law from a number of assumptions about the entropy of an ideal oscillator, creating what was referred-to as the Wien–Planck law. Soon it was found that experimental evidence did not confirm the new law at all, to Planck's frustration. Planck revised his approach, deriving the first version of the famous Planck black-body radiation law, which described the experimentally observed black-body spectrum well. It was first proposed in a meeting of the DPG on 19 October 1900 and published in 1901. This first derivation did not include energy quantisation, and did not use statistical mechanics, to which he held an aversion. In November 1900, Planck revised this first approach, relying on Boltzmann's statistical interpretation of the second law of thermodynamics as a way of gaining a more fundamental understanding of the principles behind his radiation law. As Planck was deeply suspicious of the philosophical and physical implications of such an interpretation of Boltzmann's approach, his recourse to them was, as he later put it, "an act of despair ... I was ready to sacrifice any of my previous convictions about physics."[16]
The central assumption behind his new derivation, presented to the DPG on 14 December 1900, was the supposition, now known as the Planck postulate, that electromagnetic energy could be emitted only in quantized form, in other words, the energy could only be a multiple of an elementary unit:
E = h ν {\displaystyle E=h\nu }
where h is Planck's constant, also known as Planck's action quantum (introduced already in 1899), and ν is the frequency of the radiation. Note that the elementary units of energy discussed here are represented by hν and not simply by ν. Physicists now call these quanta photons, and a photon of frequency ν will have its own specific and unique energy. The total energy at that frequency is then equal to hν multiplied by the number of photons at that frequency.
Planck in 1918, the year he received the Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on quantum theory
At first Planck considered that quantisation was only "a purely formal assumption ... actually I did not think much about it..."; nowadays this assumption, incompatible with classical physics, is regarded as the birth of quantum physics and the greatest intellectual accomplishment of Planck's career (Ludwig Boltzmann had been discussing in a theoretical paper in 1877 the possibility that the energy states of a physical system could be discrete). The discovery of Planck's constant enabled him to define a new universal set of physical units (such as the Planck length and the Planck mass), all based on fundamental physical constants upon which much of quantum theory is based. In recognition of Planck's fundamental contribution to a new branch of physics, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for 1918 (he actually received the award in 1919).[17][18]
Subsequently, Planck tried to grasp the meaning of energy quanta, but to no avail. "My unavailing attempts to somehow reintegrate the action quantum into classical theory extended over several years and caused me much trouble." Even several years later, other physicists like Rayleigh, Jeans, and Lorentz set Planck's constant to zero in order to align with classical physics, but Planck knew well that this constant had a precise nonzero value. "I am unable to understand Jeans' stubbornness – he is an example of a theoretician as should never be existing, the same as Hegel was for philosophy. So much the worse for the facts if they don't fit."[19]
Max Born wrote about Planck: "He was, by nature, a conservative mind; he had nothing of the revolutionary and was thoroughly skeptical about speculations. Yet his belief in the compelling force of logical reasoning from facts was so strong that he did not flinch from announcing the most revolutionary idea which ever has shaken physics."[1]
Einstein and the theory of relativity[edit]
In 1905, the three epochal papers by Albert Einstein were published in the journal Annalen der Physik. Planck was among the few who immediately recognized the significance of the special theory of relativity. Thanks to his influence, this theory was soon widely accepted in Germany. Planck also contributed considerably to extend the special theory of relativity. For example, he recast the theory in terms of classical action.[20]
Einstein's hypothesis of light quanta (photons), based on Heinrich Hertz's 1887 discovery (and further investigation by Philipp Lenard) of the photoelectric effect, was initially rejected by Planck. He was unwilling to discard completely Maxwell's theory of electrodynamics. "The theory of light would be thrown back not by decades, but by centuries, into the age when Christiaan Huygens dared to fight against the mighty emission theory of Isaac Newton ..."[citation needed]
In 1910, Einstein pointed out the anomalous behavior of specific heat at low temperatures as another example of a phenomenon which defies explanation by classical physics. Planck and Nernst, seeking to clarify the increasing number of contradictions, organized the First Solvay Conference (Brussels 1911). At this meeting Einstein was able to convince Planck.
Meanwhile, Planck had been appointed dean of Berlin University, whereby it was possible for him to call Einstein to Berlin and establish a new professorship for him (1914). Soon the two scientists became close friends and met frequently to play music together.
First World War[edit]
At the onset of the First World War Planck endorsed the general excitement of the public, writing that, "Besides much that is horrible, there is also much that is unexpectedly great and beautiful: the smooth solution of the most difficult domestic political problems by the unification of all parties (and) ... the extolling of everything good and noble."[21][22]
Nonetheless, Planck refrained from the extremes of nationalism. In 1915, at a time when Italy was about to join the Allied Powers, he voted successfully for a scientific paper from Italy, which received a prize from the Prussian Academy of Sciences, where Planck was one of four permanent presidents.
Planck also signed the infamous "Manifesto of the 93 intellectuals", a pamphlet of polemic war propaganda (while Einstein retained a strictly pacifistic attitude which almost led to his imprisonment, being spared by his Swiss citizenship). But in 1915 Planck, after several meetings with Dutch physicist Lorentz, revoked parts of the Manifesto. Then in 1916 he signed a declaration against German annexationism.[citation needed]
Post-war and the Weimar Republic[edit]
In the turbulent post-war years, Planck, now the highest authority of German physics, issued the slogan "persevere and continue working" to his colleagues.
In October 1920 he and Fritz Haber established the Notgemeinschaft der Deutschen Wissenschaft (Emergency Organization of German Science), aimed at providing financial support for scientific research. A considerable portion of the money the organization would distribute was raised abroad.
Planck also held leading positions at Berlin University, the Prussian Academy of Sciences, the German Physical Society and the Kaiser Wilhelm Society (which in 1948 became the Max Planck Society). During this time economic conditions in Germany were such that he was hardly able to conduct research. In 1926 Planck became a foreign member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.[23]
During the interwar period, Planck became a member of the Deutsche Volks-Partei (German People's Party), the party of Nobel Peace Prize laureate Gustav Stresemann, which aspired to liberal aims for domestic policy and rather revisionistic aims for politics around the world.
Planck disagreed with the introduction of universal suffrage and later expressed the view that the Nazi dictatorship resulted from "the ascent of the rule of the crowds".[24]
Quantum mechanics[edit]
From left to right: W. Nernst, A. Einstein, M. Planck, R.A. Millikan and von Laue at a dinner given by von Laue in Berlin on 11 November 1931
At the end of the 1920s Bohr, Heisenberg and Pauli had worked out the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics, but it was rejected by Planck, and by Schrödinger, Laue, and Einstein as well. Planck expected that wave mechanics would soon render quantum theory—his own child—unnecessary. This was not to be the case, however. Further work only cemented quantum theory, even against his and Einstein's philosophical revulsions. Planck experienced the truth of his own earlier observation from his struggle with the older views in his younger years: "A new scientific truth does not triumph by convincing its opponents and making them see the light, but rather because its opponents eventually die, and a new generation grows up that is familiar with it."[25]
Nazi dictatorship and the Second World War[edit]
When the Nazis came to power in 1933, Planck was 74. He witnessed many Jewish friends and colleagues expelled from their positions and humiliated, and hundreds of scientists emigrated from Nazi Germany. Again he tried to "persevere and continue working" and asked scientists who were considering emigration to remain in Germany. Nevertheless, he did help his nephew, the economist Hermann Kranold to emigrate to London after his arrest.[26] He hoped the crisis would abate soon and the political situation would improve.
Otto Hahn asked Planck to gather well-known German professors in order to issue a public proclamation against the treatment of Jewish professors, but Planck replied, "If you are able to gather today 30 such gentlemen, then tomorrow 150 others will come and speak against it, because they are eager to take over the positions of the others."[27] Under Planck's leadership, the Kaiser Wilhelm Society (KWG) avoided open conflict with the Nazi regime, except concerning Fritz Haber. Planck tried to discuss the issue with Adolf Hitler but was unsuccessful. In the following year, 1934, Haber died in exile.
One year later, Planck, having been the president of the KWG since 1930, organized in a somewhat provocative style an official commemorative meeting for Haber. He also succeeded in secretly enabling a number of Jewish scientists to continue working in institutes of the KWG for several years. In 1936, his term as president of the KWG ended, and the Nazi government pressured him to refrain from seeking another term.
As the political climate in Germany gradually became more hostile, Johannes Stark, prominent exponent of Deutsche Physik ("German Physics", also called "Aryan Physics") attacked Planck, Sommerfeld and Heisenberg for continuing to teach the theories of Einstein, calling them "white Jews". The "Hauptamt Wissenschaft" (Nazi government office for science) started an investigation of Planck's ancestry, claiming that he was "1/16 Jewish", but Planck himself denied it.[28]
Max Planck's grave in Göttingen
In 1938, Planck celebrated his 80th birthday. The DPG held a celebration, during which the Max-Planck medal (founded as the highest medal by the DPG in 1928) was awarded to French physicist Louis de Broglie. At the end of 1938, the Prussian Academy lost its remaining independence and was taken over by Nazis (Gleichschaltung). Planck protested by resigning his presidency. He continued to travel frequently, giving numerous public talks, such as his talk on Religion and Science, and five years later he was sufficiently fit to climb 3,000-metre peaks in the Alps.
During the Second World War the increasing number of Allied bombing missions against Berlin forced Planck and his wife to temporarily leave the city and live in the countryside. In 1942 he wrote: "In me an ardent desire has grown to persevere this crisis and live long enough to be able to witness the turning point, the beginning of a new rise." In February 1944 his home in Berlin was completely destroyed by an air raid, annihilating all his scientific records and correspondence. His rural retreat was threatened by the rapid advance of the Allied armies from both sides.
In 1945, Planck's son Erwin was arrested following the attempted assassination of Hitler in the 20 July plot. Erwin consequently died at the hands of the Gestapo; his death destroyed much of Max Planck's will to live.[29] After the end of the war Planck, his second wife, and his son by her were brought to a relative in Göttingen, where Planck died on 4 October 1947. His grave is situated in the old Stadtfriedhof (City Cemetery) in Göttingen.[30]
Religious views[edit]
Planck was a member of the Lutheran Church in Germany.[31] However, Planck was very tolerant towards alternative views and religions.[32] In a lecture in 1937 entitled "Religion und Naturwissenschaft" he suggested the importance of these symbols and rituals related directly with a believer's ability to worship God, but that one must be mindful that the symbols provide an imperfect illustration of divinity. He criticized atheism for being focused on the derision of such symbols, while at the same time warned of the over-estimation of the importance of such symbols by believers.[33]
He was favorable to all religions, but he himself chose Christianity. He did, however, regret the Church's demands for unquestioning belief, which served to repel questioners. For example, he believed "the faith in miracles must yield, step by step, before the steady and firm advance of the facts of science, and its total defeat is undoubtedly a matter of time." [34]
In his 1937 lecture "Religion and Naturwissenschaft," Planck expressed the view that God is everywhere present, and held that "the holiness of the unintelligible Godhead is conveyed by the holiness of symbols." Atheists, he thought, attach too much importance to what are merely symbols. Planck was a churchwarden from 1920 until his death, and believed in an almighty, all-knowing, beneficent God (though not necessarily a personal one). Both science and religion wage a "tireless battle against skepticism and dogmatism, against unbelief and superstition" with the goal "toward God!"[35]
Max Planck said in 1944, "As a man who has devoted his whole life to the most clear headed science, to the study of matter, I can tell you as a result of my research about atoms this much: There is no matter as such. All matter originates and exists only by virtue of a force which brings the particle of an atom to vibration and holds this most minute solar system of the atom together. We must assume behind this force the existence of a conscious and intelligent mind. This mind is the matrix of all matter."[36]
Planck regarded the scientist as a man of imagination and Christian faith. He said: "Both religion and science require a belief in God. For believers, God is in the beginning, and for physicists He is at the end of all considerations… To the former He is the foundation, to the latter, the crown of the edifice of every generalized world view".[37]
On the other hand, Planck wrote, "...'to believe' means 'to recognize as a truth,' and the knowledge of nature, continually advancing on incontestably safe tracks, has made it utterly impossible for a person possessing some training in natural science to recognize as founded on truth the many reports of extraordinary occurrences contradicting the laws of nature, of miracles which are still commonly regarded as essential supports and confirmations of religious doctrines, and which formerly used to be accepted as facts pure and simple, without doubt or criticism. The belief in miracles must retreat step by step before relentlessly and reliably progressing science and we cannot doubt that sooner or later it must vanish completely."[38]
Later in life, Planck's views on God were that of a deist.[39] For example, six months before his death a rumour started that Planck had converted to Catholicism, but when questioned what had brought him to make this step, he declared that, although he had always been deeply religious, he did not believe "in a personal God, let alone a Christian God."[40]
Publications[edit]
Planck, M. (1900a). "Über eine Verbesserung der Wienschen Spektralgleichung". Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft. 2: 202–204. Translated in ter Haar, D. (1967). "On an Improvement of Wien's Equation for the Spectrum". The Old Quantum Theory (PDF). Pergamon Press. pp. 79–81. LCCN 66029628.
Planck, M. (1900b). "Zur Theorie des Gesetzes der Energieverteilung im Normalspectrum". Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft. 2: 237. Translated in ter Haar, D. (1967). "On the Theory of the Energy Distribution Law of the Normal Spectrum". The Old Quantum Theory (PDF). Pergamon Press. p. 82. LCCN 66029628.
Planck, M. (1900c). "Entropie und Temperatur strahlender Wärme" [Entropy and Temperature of Radiant Heat]. Annalen der Physik. 306 (4): 719–737. Bibcode:1900AnP...306..719P. doi:10.1002/andp.19003060410.
Planck, M. (1900d). "Über irreversible Strahlungsvorgänge" [On Irreversible Radiation Processes]. Annalen der Physik. 306 (1): 69–122. Bibcode:1900AnP...306...69P. doi:10.1002/andp.19003060105.
Planck, M. (1901). "Über das Gesetz der Energieverteilung im Normalspektrum". Annalen der Physik. 309 (3): 553–563. Bibcode:1901AnP...309..553P. doi:10.1002/andp.19013090310. Translated in Ando, K. "On the Law of Distribution of Energy in the Normal Spectrum" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2011. Retrieved 13 October 2011.
Planck, M. (1903). Treatise on Thermodynamics. Ogg, A. (transl.). London: Longmans, Green & Co. OL 7246691M.
Planck, M. (1906). Vorlesungen über die Theorie der Wärmestrahlung. Leipzig: J.A. Barth. LCCN 07004527.
Planck, M. (1914). The Theory of Heat Radiation. Masius, M. (transl.) (2nd ed.). P. Blakiston's Son & Co. OL 7154661M.
Planck, M. (1915). Eight Lectures on Theoretical Physics. Wills, A. P. (transl.). Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-69730-4.
Planck, M. (1943). "Zur Geschichte der Auffindung des physikalischen Wirkungsquantums". Naturwissenschaften. 31 (14–15): 153–159. Bibcode:1943NW.....31..153P. doi:10.1007/BF01475738.
See also[edit]
List of things named after Max Planck
Photon polarization
German inventors and discoverers
Statue of Max Planck
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Born, M. (1948). "Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck. 1858–1947". Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society. 6 (17): 161–188. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1948.0024.
Jump up ^ "Planck". Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.
Jump up ^ The Nobel Prize in Physics 1918. Nobelprize.org. Retrieved on 2011-07-05.
Jump up ^ Christoph Seidler, Gestatten, Marx Planck Archived 29 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine., Spiegel Online, 24 April 2008
Jump up ^ Press release of the Max Planck Society about Max Planck's name.
Jump up ^ Encyclopædia Britannica: Max Planck
Jump up ^ Lightman, Alan P. (2005). The discoveries: great breakthroughs in twentieth-century science, including the original papers. Toronto: Alfred A. Knopf Canada. p. 8. ISBN 0-676-97789-8.
Jump up ^ Planck, Max (1897). Vorlesungen über Thermodynamik. Leipzig: Verlag Von Veit & Company. Retrieved 27 June 2012. English translation: Planck, Max (1903). Treatise on Thermodynamics. London: Longmans, Green, and Company. Retrieved 27 June 2012.
Jump up ^ "Max Planck - Biographical". Nobelprize.org. Nobel Prize Organisation. Retrieved 26 February 2017.
Jump up ^ Jacques Hadamard (1915). Four lectures on mathematics: delivered at Columbia University in 1911. Columbia University Press. pp. 7–. Retrieved 5 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "Max Planck — Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin". www.hu-berlin.de. Retrieved 15 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "Erwin Schrödinger — Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin". www.hu-berlin.de. Retrieved 15 May 2016.
Jump up ^ Jürgen Heideking; Christof Mauch (5 October 1998). American Intelligence and the German Resistance to Hitler: A Documentary History. Westview Press. pp. 361–. ISBN 978-0-8133-3636-7. Retrieved 5 July 2011.
Jump up ^ Verband Deutscher Elektrotechniker; Elektrotechnischer Verein (Berlin, Germany) (1948). "ETZ: Elektrotechnische Zeitschrift: Ausg. A." ETZ: Elektrotechnische Zeitschrift (in German). VDE-Verlag. 69 (A). , Snipped extract
Jump up ^ "Max Planck - The Mathematics Genealogy Project". www.genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu. Retrieved 2017-06-05.
^ Jump up to: a b For a solid approach to the complexity of Planck's intellectual motivations for the quantum, for his reluctant acceptance of its implications, see Helge Kragh, Max Planck: the reluctant revolutionary, Physics World. December 2000.
Jump up ^ Kragh, Helge (1 December 2000), Max Planck: the reluctant revolutionary, PhysicsWorld.com
Jump up ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1918". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-06-11.
Jump up ^ Heilbron, 2000, page 8
Jump up ^ Einstein and the Quantum, A.Douglas Stone, Princeton University Press, Princeton and Oxford, chapter 9, Tripping the light heuristic, 2013.
Jump up ^ Heilbron, 2000, page 72
Jump up ^ Evans, James; Thorndike, Alan S. (2007). Quantum mechanics at the crossroads: new perspectives from history, philosophy and physics. Springer. p. 31. ISBN 3-540-32663-4. Extract of page 31
Jump up ^ "Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck (1858–1947)". Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 4 August 2015.
Jump up ^ Scully, Robert J.; Scully, Marlan O. (2007). The demon and the quantum: from the pythagorean mystics to Maxwell's demon and quantum mystery. Wiley-VCH. p. 90. ISBN 3-527-40688-3. , Chapter 7, p 90
Jump up ^ Quoted in Thomas Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1970 ed.): p. 150.
Jump up ^ "Johanna Kranold Stein". Ithaca Journal. Legacy.com. Retrieved 10 October 2016.
Jump up ^ In a slightly different translation, Hahn remembers Planck saying: "If you bring together 30 such men today, then tomorrow 150 will come to denounce them because they want to take their places." This translated quote is found in: Heilbron, 2000, p. 150. Heilbron, at the end of the paragraph, on p. 151, cites the following references to Hahn’s writings: Otto Hahn Einige persönliche Erinnerungen an Max Planck MPG, Mitteilungen (1957) p. 244, and Otto Hahn My Life (Herder and Herder, 1970) p. 140.
Jump up ^ Heilbron, 2000, page 191
Jump up ^ "Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck". Archived from the original on 12 May 2008. Retrieved 2010-06-17. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
Jump up ^ Max Planck's Grave at Göttingen, Germany, Youtube, retrieved 2016-01-04
Jump up ^ Erich Dinkler, Planck, Max, in Die Religion in Geschichte und Gegenwart, Third Edition, Volume V, Tübingen (Germany), 1961, col. 404-405
Jump up ^ The Religious Affiliation of Physicist Max Planck. adherents.com. Retrieved on 2011-07-05.
Jump up ^ The Life Max Planck. encyclopedia.com. Retrieved on 2012-03-07.
Jump up ^ "The religion of Max Planck, physicist". www.adherents.com. Retrieved 2018-03-20.
Jump up ^ "The religion of Max Planck, physicist". www.adherents.com. Retrieved 2018-03-20.
Jump up ^ Das Wesen der Materie [The Nature of Matter], speech at Florence, Italy (1944) (from Archiv zur Geschichte der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Abt. Va, Rep. 11 Planck, Nr. 1797)
Jump up ^ Religion and Natural Science (Lecture Given 1937) Scientific Autobiography and Other Papers, trans. F. Gaynor (New York, 1949), pp. 184 (from http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Max_Planck)
Jump up ^ Max Planck, Scientific Autobiography and Other Papers
Jump up ^ J. L. Heilbron (1986). The Dilemmas of an Upright Man: Max Planck and the Fortunes of German Science. Harvard University Press. p. 198. ISBN 9780674004399. On the other side, Church spokesmen could scarcely become enthusiastic about Planck's deism, which omitted all reference to established religions and had no more doctrinal content than Einstein's Judaism. It seemed useful therefore to paint the lily, to improve the lesson of Planck's life for the use of proselytizers and to associate the deanthropomorphizer of science with a belief in a traditional Godhead.
Jump up ^ Heilbron, 2000, page 198
Sources[edit]
Aczel, Amir D. Entanglement, Chapter 4. (Penguin, 2003) ISBN 978-0-452-28457-9
Heilbron, J. L. (2000). The Dilemmas of an Upright Man: Max Planck and the Fortunes of German Science. Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-00439-6.
Pickover, Clifford A. Archimedes to Hawking: Laws of Science and the Great Minds Behind Them, Oxford University Press, 2008, ISBN 978-0-19-533611-5
Medawar, Jean: Pyke, David (2012). Hitler's Gift: The True Story of the Scientists Expelled by the Nazi Regime (Paperback). New York: Arcade Publishing. ISBN 978-1-61145-709-4. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
Rosenthal-Schneider, Ilse Reality and Scientific Truth: Discussions with Einstein, von Laue, and Planck (Wayne State University, 1980) ISBN 0-8143-1650-6
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Max Planck.
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Max Planck
Works by Max Planck at Project Gutenberg
Works by Max Planck at Faded Page (Canada)
Works by or about Max Planck at Internet Archive
Works by Max Planck at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
Annotated bibliography for Max Planck from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues
Max Planck – Encyclopædia Britannica article
Max Planck Biography – www.nobel-prize-winners.com
Max Planck Institutes of Natural Science and Astrophysics
Cinematic self-portrait of Max Planck, Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1942
Nobel Biography
Life–Work–Personality – Exhibition on the 50th anniversary of Planck's death
Newspaper clippings about Max Planck in the 20th Century Press Archives of the German National Library of Economics (ZBW)
show
v
t
e
Copley Medallists (1901–1950)
Josiah Willard Gibbs (1901)
Joseph Lister (1902)
Eduard Suess (1903)
William Crookes (1904)
Dmitri Mendeleev (1905)
Élie Metchnikoff (1906)
Albert A. Michelson (1907)
Alfred Russel Wallace (1908)
George William Hill (1909)
Francis Galton (1910)
George Darwin (1911)
Felix Klein (1912)
Ray Lankester (1913)
J. J. Thomson (1914)
Ivan Pavlov (1915)
James Dewar (1916)
Pierre Paul Émile Roux (1917)
Hendrik Lorentz (1918)
William Bayliss (1919)
Horace Tabberer Brown (1920)
Joseph Larmor (1921)
Ernest Rutherford (1922)
Horace Lamb (1923)
Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer (1924)
Albert Einstein (1925)
Frederick Gowland Hopkins (1926)
Charles Scott Sherrington (1927)
Charles Algernon Parsons (1928)
Max Planck (1929)
William Henry Bragg (1930)
Arthur Schuster (1931)
George Ellery Hale (1932)
Theobald Smith (1933)
John Scott Haldane (1934)
Charles Thomson Rees Wilson (1935)
Arthur Evans (1936)
Henry Hallett Dale (1937)
Niels Bohr (1938)
Thomas Hunt Morgan (1939)
Paul Langevin (1940)
Thomas Lewis (1941)
Robert Robinson (1942)
Joseph Barcroft (1943)
Geoffrey Ingram Taylor (1944)
Oswald Avery (1945)
Edgar Douglas Adrian (1946)
G. H. Hardy (1947)
Archibald Hill (1948)
George de Hevesy (1949)
James Chadwick (1950)
show
v
t
e
Laureates of the Nobel Prize in Physics
1901–1925
1901 Röntgen
1902 Lorentz / Zeeman
1903 Becquerel / P. Curie / M. Curie
1904 Rayleigh
1905 Lenard
1906 J. J. Thomson
1907 Michelson
1908 Lippmann
1909 Marconi / Braun
1910 Van der Waals
1911 Wien
1912 Dalén
1913 Kamerlingh Onnes
1914 Laue
1915 W. L. Bragg / W. H. Bragg
1916
1917 Barkla
1918 Planck
1919 Stark
1920 Guillaume
1921 Einstein
1922 N. Bohr
1923 Millikan
1924 M. Siegbahn
1925 Franck / Hertz
1926–1950
1926 Perrin
1927 Compton / C. Wilson
1928 O. Richardson
1929 De Broglie
1930 Raman
1931
1932 Heisenberg
1933 Schrödinger / Dirac
1934
1935 Chadwick
1936 Hess / C. D. Anderson
1937 Davisson / G. P. Thomson
1938 Fermi
1939 Lawrence
1940
1941
1942
1943 Stern
1944 Rabi
1945 Pauli
1946 Bridgman
1947 Appleton
1948 Blackett
1949 Yukawa
1950 Powell
1951–1975
1951 Cockcroft / Walton
1952 Bloch / Purcell
1953 Zernike
1954 Born / Bothe
1955 Lamb / Kusch
1956 Shockley / Bardeen / Brattain
1957 C. N. Yang / T. D. Lee
1958 Cherenkov / Frank / Tamm
1959 Segrè / Chamberlain
1960 Glaser
1961 Hofstadter / Mössbauer
1962 Landau
1963 Wigner / Goeppert-Mayer / Jensen
1964 Townes / Basov / Prokhorov
1965 Tomonaga / Schwinger / Feynman
1966 Kastler
1967 Bethe
1968 Alvarez
1969 Gell-Mann
1970 Alfvén / Néel
1971 Gabor
1972 Bardeen / Cooper / Schrieffer
1973 Esaki / Giaever / Josephson
1974 Ryle / Hewish
1975 A. Bohr / Mottelson / Rainwater
1976–2000
1976 Richter / Ting
1977 P. W. Anderson / Mott / Van Vleck
1978 Kapitsa / Penzias / R. Wilson
1979 Glashow / Salam / Weinberg
1980 Cronin / Fitch
1981 Bloembergen / Schawlow / K. Siegbahn
1982 K. Wilson
1983 Chandrasekhar / Fowler
1984 Rubbia / Van der Meer
1985 von Klitzing
1986 Ruska / Binnig / Rohrer
1987 Bednorz / Müller
1988 Lederman / Schwartz / Steinberger
1989 Ramsey / Dehmelt / Paul
1990 Friedman / Kendall / R. Taylor
1991 de Gennes
1992 Charpak
1993 Hulse / J. Taylor
1994 Brockhouse / Shull
1995 Perl / Reines
1996 D. Lee / Osheroff / R. Richardson
1997 Chu / Cohen-Tannoudji / Phillips
1998 Laughlin / Störmer / Tsui
1999 't Hooft / Veltman
2000 Alferov / Kroemer / Kilby
2001–
present
2001 Cornell / Ketterle / Wieman
2002 Davis / Koshiba / Giacconi
2003 Abrikosov / Ginzburg / Leggett
2004 Gross / Politzer / Wilczek
2005 Glauber / Hall / Hänsch
2006 Mather / Smoot
2007 Fert / Grünberg
2008 Nambu / Kobayashi / Maskawa
2009 Kao / Boyle / Smith
2010 Geim / Novoselov
2011 Perlmutter / Riess / Schmidt
2012 Wineland / Haroche
2013 Englert / Higgs
2014 Akasaki / Amano / Nakamura
2015 Kajita / McDonald
2016 Thouless / Haldane / Kosterlitz
2017 Weiss / Barish / Thorne
show
v
t
e
Scientists whose names are used in physical constants
Physical constants
Isaac Newton (gravitational constant)
Charles-Augustin de Coulomb (Coulomb's constant)
Amedeo Avogadro (Avogadro constant)
Michael Faraday (Faraday constant)
Johann Josef Loschmidt
Johann Jakob Balmer
Joseph Stefan (Stefan–Boltzmann constant)
Ludwig Boltzmann (Boltzmann constant, Stefan–Boltzmann constant)
Johannes Rydberg (Rydberg constant)
Joseph John Thomson
Max Planck (Planck constant, reduced Planck constant, Planck length, Planck time)
Wilhelm Wien
Otto Sackur
Niels Bohr (Bohr radius)
Edwin Hubble (Hubble constant)
Hugo Tetrode
Douglas Hartree
Brian David Josephson
Klaus von Klitzing
List of scientists whose names are used as SI units and non SI units
show
v
t
e
Planck's natural units
Planck constant
Planck units
Base Planck units
Planck time
Planck length
Planck mass
Planck charge
Planck temperature
Derived Planck units
Planck energy
Planck force
Planck power
Planck density
Planck angular frequency
Planck pressure
Planck current
Planck voltage
Planck impedance
Planck momentum
Planck area
Planck volume
Planck acceleration
Planck angle
Biography portal
Physics portal
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
BNE: XX1072756
BNF: cb12108412n (data)
GND: 118594818
ISNI: 0000 0001 1024 5894
LCCN: n80038130
MGP: 20750
NDL: 00452924
NKC: jn20000604452
NLA: 35424988
SELIBR: 233104
SNAC: w64m961m
SUDOC: 02888566X
VIAF: 34487615
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Max_Planck&oldid=853254129"
Categories:
1858 births
1947 deaths
19th-century physicists
20th-century physicists
Max Planck
People from Kiel
People from the Duchy of Holstein
German deists
Former Lutherans
German Nobel laureates
German physicists
Members of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences
Members of the Prussian Academy of Sciences
Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
Corresponding Members of the St Petersburg Academy of Sciences
Corresponding Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1917–25)
Honorary Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences
Nobel laureates in Physics
Recipients of the Copley Medal
Quantum physicists
Optical physicists
Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class)
Lorentz Medal winners
Thermodynamicists
German People's Party politicians
Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich alumni
Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich faculty
Humboldt University of Berlin alumni
Humboldt University of Berlin faculty
University of Kiel faculty
Members of the Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art
Theoretical physicists
Max Planck Society people
Winners of the Max Planck Medal
Members of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences
Hidden categories:
Webarchive template wayback links
CS1 German-language sources (de)
CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown
Articles needing additional references from April 2017
All articles needing additional references
Use dmy dates from May 2017
Use American English from May 2017
All Wikipedia articles written in American English
Biography with signature
Infobox person using alma mater
Articles with hCards
Use dmy dates from October 2015
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from December 2016
Articles with unsourced statements from November 2014
Articles with unsourced statements from February 2017
CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list
Articles with Project Gutenberg links
Articles with Internet Archive links
Articles with LibriVox links
Wikipedia articles with BNE identifiers
Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers
Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers
Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers
Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers
Wikipedia articles with MGP identifiers
Wikipedia articles with NDL identifiers
Wikipedia articles with NKC identifiers
Wikipedia articles with NLA identifiers
Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers
Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers
Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers
Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Wikiquote
Wikisource
Languages
Afrikaans
Alemannisch
አማርኛ
العربية
Aragonés
অসমীয়া
Asturianu
Aymar aru
Azərbaycanca
تۆرکجه
বাংলা
Bân-lâm-gú
Башҡортса
Беларуская
Беларуская (тарашкевіца)
Български
Boarisch
Bosanski
Brezhoneg
Català
Чӑвашла
Čeština
Cymraeg
Dansk
Deutsch
Eesti
Ελληνικά
Español
Esperanto
Euskara
فارسی
Fiji Hindi
Français
Gaeilge
Gàidhlig
Galego
한국어
Հայերեն
हिन्दी
Hrvatski
Ido
Ilokano
Bahasa Indonesia
Interlingua
Íslenska
Italiano
עברית
Basa Jawa
ಕನ್ನಡ
Kapampangan
ქართული
Қазақша
Kiswahili
Kreyòl ayisyen
Kurdî
Кыргызча
Latina
Latviešu
Lëtzebuergesch
Lietuvių
Limburgs
Livvinkarjala
La .lojban.
Lumbaart
Magyar
Македонски
Malagasy
മലയാളം
मराठी
მარგალური
مصرى
مازِرونی
Bahasa Melayu
Монгол
မြန်မာဘာသာ
Nāhuatl
Nederlands
日本語
Нохчийн
Norsk
Norsk nynorsk
Novial
Occitan
Oromoo
Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
پنجابی
Piemontèis
Plattdüütsch
Polski
Português
Română
Runa Simi
Русиньскый
Русский
Саха тыла
ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ
संस्कृतम्
Scots
Shqip
Simple English
Slovenčina
Slovenščina
کوردی
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Basa Sunda
Suomi
Svenska
Tagalog
தமிழ்
Татарча/tatarça
తెలుగు
ไทย
Türkçe
Українська
اردو
Vepsän kel’
Tiếng Việt
Volapük
Winaray
吴语
ייִדיש
Yorùbá
粵語
Žemaitėška
中文
Kabɩyɛ
119 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 3 August 2018, at 13:00 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

values:
/wiki/Planck_(disambiguation)
mw-disambig
Planck (disambiguation)

attrs: role class

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

value: img

attrs: href class

value: td

values: Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1

value: span

value: i

value: small

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove

values:
/wiki/Theoretical_physicist
mw-redirect
Theoretical physicist

values: checkbox button toctogglecheckbox toctogglecheckbox display:none

values:
/wiki/University_of_Munich
mw-redirect
University of Munich

values:
/wiki/First_World_War
mw-redirect
First World War

values:
/wiki/People%27s_Court_(German)
mw-redirect
People's Court (German)

values:
/wiki/July_20_plot
mw-redirect
July 20 plot

values: Edit section: Professor at Berlin University

values:
/wiki/Walter_Schottky
mw-redirect
Walter Schottky

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2016)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
/wiki/Wien%E2%80%93Planck_law
mw-redirect
Wien–Planck law

values: vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:7.445ex; height:2.176ex;

values:
/wiki/Planck%27s_constant
mw-redirect
Planck's constant

values:
/wiki/Quantum_physics
mw-redirect
Quantum physics

values: Edit section: Einstein and the theory of relativity

values:
/wiki/Special_theory_of_relativity
mw-redirect
Special theory of relativity

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2014)

values:
/wiki/Specific_heat
mw-redirect
Specific heat

values:
/wiki/Swiss_(people)
mw-redirect
Swiss (people)

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2017)

values: Edit section: Post-war and the Weimar Republic

values: Notgemeinschaft der Deutschen Wissenschaft

values: Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences

values: Edit section: Nazi dictatorship and the Second World War

values:
/wiki/Second_World_War
mw-redirect
Second World War

values: Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft

values:
nofollow
external text
//lccn.loc.gov/66029628

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1002/andp.19003060410

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1002/andp.19003060105

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1002/andp.19013090310

values:
nofollow
external text
//openlibrary.org/books/OL7246691M

values:
nofollow
external text
//lccn.loc.gov/07004527

values:
nofollow
external text
//openlibrary.org/books/OL7154661M

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1007/BF01475738

values:
/wiki/German_inventors_and_discoverers
mw-redirect
German inventors and discoverers

values: Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.1948.0024

values: Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary

values:
nofollow
external text
http://gutenberg.org/ebooks/31564

values: Category:CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values: Category:CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list

values:
nofollow
external text
https://librivox.org/author/9626

values:
nofollow
http://www.mpg.de/english/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.yovisto.com/video/6389

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.max-planck.mpg.de

values: Template talk:Copley Medallists 1901–1950

values:
/wiki/Robert_Robinson_(organic_chemist)
mw-redirect
Robert Robinson (organic chemist)

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible mw-collapsed

values:
navbox-image
5
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values:
/wiki/Chen-Ning_Yang
mw-redirect
Chen-Ning Yang

values: Template:Scientists whose names are used in physical constants

values: Template talk:Scientists whose names are used in physical constants

values: List of scientists whose names are used in physical constants

values:
/wiki/Joseph_Stefan
mw-redirect
Joseph Stefan

values:
/wiki/Reduced_Planck_constant
mw-redirect
Reduced Planck constant

values:
/wiki/Hubble_constant
mw-redirect
Hubble constant

values:
/wiki/Brian_David_Josephson
mw-redirect
Brian David Josephson

values: List of scientists whose names are used as SI units

values: List of scientists whose names are used as non SI units

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible mw-collapsed

values:
/wiki/Planck_power
mw-redirect
Planck power

values:
/wiki/Planck_density
mw-redirect
Planck density

values:
/wiki/Planck_angular_frequency
mw-redirect
Planck angular frequency

values:
/wiki/Planck_pressure
mw-redirect
Planck pressure

values:
/wiki/Planck_current
mw-redirect
Planck current

values:
/wiki/Planck_voltage
mw-redirect
Planck voltage

values:
/wiki/Planck_impedance
mw-redirect
Planck impedance

values:
/wiki/Planck_area
mw-redirect
Planck area

values:
/wiki/Planck_volume
mw-redirect
Planck volume

values: Stylised atom with three Bohr model orbits and stylised nucleus.svg

values:
noprint metadata navbox
navigation
Portals
font-weight:bold;padding:0.4em 2em

attrs: alt src width height style srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
nofollow
external text
https://d-nb.info/gnd/118594818

values:
nofollow
external text
http://isni.org/isni/0000000110245894

values:
nofollow
external text
https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35424988

values:
nofollow
external text
https://libris.kb.se/auth/233104

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.idref.fr/02888566X

values:
nofollow
external text
https://viaf.org/viaf/34487615

values: Category:People from the Duchy of Holstein

values: Category:Members of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences

values: Category:Members of the Prussian Academy of Sciences

values: Category:Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences

values: Category:Corresponding Members of the St Petersburg Academy of Sciences

values: Category:Corresponding Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1917–25)

values: Category:Honorary Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences

values: Category:Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class)

values: Category:German People's Party politicians

values: Category:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich alumni

values: Category:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich faculty

values: Category:Humboldt University of Berlin alumni

values: Category:Humboldt University of Berlin faculty

values: Category:Members of the Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art

values: Category:Winners of the Max Planck Medal

values: Category:Members of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences

values: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

values: Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)

values: Category:Articles needing additional references from April 2017

values: Category:All articles needing additional references

values: Category:Use American English from May 2017

values: Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English

values: Category:Infobox person using alma mater

values: Category:Use dmy dates from October 2015

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from December 2016

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2014

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from February 2017

values: Category:Articles with Project Gutenberg links

values: Category:Articles with Internet Archive links

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with BNE identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with MGP identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with NDL identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with NKC identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with NLA identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Max_Planck
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-af
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-als
display: none;

values: ማክስ ፕላንክ – Amharic

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-am
display: none;

values: ماكس بلانك – Arabic

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ar
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-an
display: none;

values: মেক্স প্লেংক – Assamese

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-as
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ast
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ay
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-az
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-azb
display: none;

values: মাক্স প্লাংক – Bangla

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bn
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan
display: none;

values: Макс Планк – Bashkir

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ba
display: none;

values: Макс Планк – Belarusian

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-be badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle

values: Макс Плянк – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old
display: none;

values: Макс Планк – Bulgarian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bg
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bar
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bs
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-br
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
display: none;

values: Планк Макс – Chuvash

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cv
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cy
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-da
display: none;

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-et
display: none;

values: Μαξ Πλανκ – Greek

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-el
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eo
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eu
display: none;

values: ماکس پلانک – Persian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hif
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ga
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gd
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gl
display: none;

values: 막스 플랑크 – Korean

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ko
display: none;

values: Մաքս Պլանկ – Armenian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hy
display: none;

values: मैक्स प्लांक – Hindi

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-io
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-id
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ia
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-is
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

values: מקס פלאנק – Hebrew

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-jv
display: none;

values: ಮ್ಯಾಕ್ಸ್ ಪ್ಲಾಂಕ್ – Kannada

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-kn
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pam
display: none;

values: მაქს პლანკი – Georgian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ka
display: none;

values: Макс Планк – Kazakh

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-kk
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sw
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ht
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ku
display: none;

values: Макс Планк – Kyrgyz

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ky
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-la
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lv
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lb
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lt
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-li
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-olo
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hu
display: none;

values: Макс Планк – Macedonian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mk
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mg
display: none;

values: മാക്സ് പ്ലാങ്ക് – Malayalam

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ml
display: none;

values: माक्स प्लांक – Marathi

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mr
display: none;

values: მაქს პლანკი – Mingrelian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-arz
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ms
display: none;

values: Макс Планк – Mongolian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mn
display: none;

values: မက်စ် ပလန့်ခ် – Burmese

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-my
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nah
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

values: マックス・プランク – Japanese

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ja
display: none;

values: Планк, Макс – Chechen

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ce
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nn
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nov
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-oc
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-om
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uz
display: none;

values: ਮਾਕਸ ਪਲਾਂਕ – Punjabi

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pa
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb
display: none;

values: Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck – Piedmontese

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pms
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nds
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pt
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ro
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-qu
display: none;

values: Макс Планк – Rusyn

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-rue
display: none;

values: Планк, Макс – Russian

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle

values: Планк Макс – Sakha

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sah
display: none;

values: ᱢᱟᱠᱥ ᱯᱞᱟᱸᱠ – Santali

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sat
display: none;

values: माक्स प्लान्क – Sanskrit

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sa
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sco
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sq
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-simple
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sk
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb
display: none;

values: Макс Планк – Serbian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sh
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-su
display: none;

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tl
display: none;

values: மேக்ஸ் பிளாங்க் – Tamil

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ta
display: none;

values: Макс Планк – Tatar

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tt
display: none;

values: మాక్స్ ప్లాంక్ – Telugu

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-te
display: none;

values: มักซ์ พลังค์ – Thai

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-th badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tr
display: none;

values: Макс Планк – Ukrainian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values: میکس پلینک – Urdu

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vep
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vi
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vo
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-war
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu
display: none;

values: מאקס פלאנק – Yiddish

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-yi
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-yo
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg
display: none;

values: 马克斯·普朗克 – Chinese

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp
display: none;

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Max_Planck rootpage-Max_Planck skin-vector action-view


text:
Fly Me to the Moon
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see Fly Me to the Moon (disambiguation).
"In Other Words"
First recording titled "In Other Words"
Song by Kaye Ballard
Released
April 1954
Recorded
1954
Genre
Jazz
Length
2:14
Label
Decca
Songwriter(s)
Bart Howard
"Fly Me to the Moon", originally titled "In Other Words", is a song written in 1954 by Bart Howard. Kaye Ballard made the first recording of the song the year it was written. Since then it has become a frequently recorded jazz standard often featured in popular culture; Frank Sinatra's 1964 version was closely associated with the Apollo missions to the Moon, and the Japanese animated series Neon Genesis Evangelion played the song at the end of each episode.
In 1999, the US-based Songwriters Hall of Fame recognized the importance of "Fly Me to the Moon" by inducting it as a "Towering Song"[1] which is an award "...presented each year to the creators of an individual song that has influenced our culture in a unique way over many years.”[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Background and composition
2 Early recordings
3 "Fly Me to the Moon"
3.1 Other releases
4 NASA association
5 References
6 External links
Background and composition[edit]
In 1954, when writing the song which would become "Fly Me to the Moon", Bart Howard had been pursuing a career in music for more than 20 years.[3] He played piano to accompany cabaret singers but also wrote songs with Cole Porter, his idol, in mind.[4] In response to a publisher's request for a simpler song,[5] Bart Howard wrote a cabaret ballad in waltz time[6] which he titled "In Other Words". A publisher tried to make him change some lyrics from "fly me to the moon" to "take me to the moon" but Howard refused to do this.[7] Many years later Howard commented that "... it took me 20 years to find out how to write a song in 20 minutes".[7]
He used his position as a piano accompanist and presenter at the Blue Angel cabaret venue to promote the song,[5] and it was soon introduced in cabaret performances by Felicia Sanders.[4]
Early recordings[edit]
Kaye Ballard circa late 1950s
Kaye Ballard made the first commercial recording of "In Other Words".[citation needed] It was released by Decca in April 1954.[8] A brief review published on 8 May 1954 in Billboard said that "In Other Words" was "A love song sung with feeling by Miss Ballard."[9] This recording was released as the flipside of "Lazy Afternoon" which Kaye Ballard was currently performing as star of the stage show The Golden Apple.[10]
Over the next few years, jazz and cabaret singers released cover versions of "In Other Words" on EP or LP record albums, including Chris Connor, Johnny Mathis, Portia Nelson and Nancy Wilson.[citation needed] Eydie Gormé featured the song on her 1958 album Eydie In Love,[11] which reached #20 in the Cashbox Album Charts[12] and was nominated for a Grammy Award.
"Fly Me to the Moon"[edit]
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
In 1960, Peggy Lee released the song on the album Pretty Eyes,[13] then made it more popular when she performed it in front of a large television audience on The Ed Sullivan Show.[4] As the song's popularity increased, it became better known as "Fly Me to the Moon",[14] and in 1963 Peggy Lee convinced Bart Howard to make the name change official.[7] In the early 1960s, versions of the song were released under its new name by many well-known singers, including Nat King Cole, Sarah Vaughan and Brenda Lee.[citation needed] Connie Francis released two non-English versions of the song in 1963: in Italian as "Portami Con Te"[15] and in Spanish as "Llévame a la Luna".[16]
Fly Me to the Moon Bossa Nova 1963 album by Joe Harnell
In 1962, Joe Harnell arranged and recorded an instrumental version in a bossa nova style. It was released as a single in late 1962.[17][18] Harnell's version spent 13 weeks on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, reaching No. 14 on February 23, 1963,[19] while reaching No. 4 on Billboard's Middle-Road Singles chart.[20][21] Harnell's version was ranked No. 89 on Billboard's end of year ranking "Top Records of 1963".[22]
Harnell's recording won him a Grammy Award at the 5th Annual Grammy Awards for Best Performance by an Orchestra – for Dancing.[23][24]
Harnell's version was included on his album Fly Me to the Moon and the Bossa Nova Pops[25] released in early 1963, which reached No. 3 stereo album on the Billboard Top LP's chart.[26]
Versions of the song were released by many other 1960s instrumental artists, including Roy Haynes, Al Hirt and Oscar Peterson.[citation needed]
Frank Sinatra included the song on his 1964 album It Might as Well Be Swing, accompanied by Count Basie.[27] The music for this album was arranged by Quincy Jones,[27][28] who had worked with Count Basie a year earlier on the album This Time by Basie, which also included a version of "Fly Me to the Moon".[29] Will Friedwald commented that "Jones boosted the tempo and put it into an even four/four" for Basie's version, but "when Sinatra decided to address it with the Basie/Jones combination they recharged it into a straight swinger... [which]...all but explodes with energy".[6]
Other releases[edit]
Bart Howard estimated that by the time Frank Sinatra covered the song in 1964, more than 100 other versions had been recorded.[6] By 1995, it had been recorded more than 300 times.[10]
NASA association[edit]
Quincy Jones presents platinum copies of Frank Sinatra's album to Senator John Glenn and Apollo 11 Commander Neil Armstrong
Frank Sinatra's 1964 recording of "Fly Me to the Moon" became closely associated with NASA's Apollo space program. A copy of the song was played on the Apollo 10 mission which orbited the Moon.[30] It became the first music heard on the Moon when played on a portable cassette player by Apollo 11 astronaut Buzz Aldrin after he stepped onto the Moon.[31] The song’s association with Apollo 11 was reprised many years later when Diana Krall sang it at the mission's 40th anniversary commemoration ceremony.[32] She also sang a “slow and solemn version” in 2012 at the national memorial service for Apollo 11 mission commander Neil Armstrong.[33]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "1999 Award and Induction Ceremony". Songwriters Hall of Fame. 1999-06-09. Archived from the original on 2013-12-07. Retrieved 2013-12-07.
Jump up ^ "Towering Song". Songwriters Hall of Fame. Retrieved 2013-12-07.
Jump up ^ "Famous Iowans - Bart Howard | The Des Moines Register | DesMoinesRegister.com". Data.desmoinesregister.com. Retrieved 2013-12-07.
^ Jump up to: a b c STEPHEN HOLDEN (2004-02-23). "Bart Howard, 88, Songwriter Known for 'Fly Me to the Moon' - New York Times". Nytimes.com. Retrieved 2013-12-07.
^ Jump up to: a b ""Fly Me to the Moon": Song History, Commentary, Discography, Performances on Video". Greatamericansongbook.net. 2004-02-23. Retrieved 2016-09-26.
^ Jump up to: a b c Will Friedwald, "Sinatra! The Song Is You: A Singer's Art", Scribner, New York, 1995, page 411
^ Jump up to: a b c Stephen Holden (December 19, 1988). "Product of 20 Minutes: A Million Dollar Song". The New York Times. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
Jump up ^ "Kaye Ballard - In Other Words / Lazy Afternoon - Decca - USA - 9-29114". 45cat.com. 2012-11-25. Retrieved 2016-09-26.
Jump up ^ Billboard. Books.google.com. 1954-05-08. p. 24. Retrieved 2016-09-26.
^ Jump up to: a b Liz Smith, Liner Notes for the CD Portia Nelson, "Let Me Love You: Portia Nelson Sings the Songs of Bart Howard", DRG 91442, 1995
Jump up ^ "ABC-Paramount Album Discography, Part 2". Bsnpubs.com. 2005-09-01. Retrieved 2016-09-26.
Jump up ^ Carolyn Hope (2007-09-11). "Barry's Hits of All Decades Pop rock n roll Music Chart Hits". Hitsofalldecades.com. Retrieved 2016-09-26.
Jump up ^ "Pretty Eyes - Peggy Lee". AllMusic. Retrieved February 17, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Bart Howard: 1915-2004". Jazzhouse.org. Retrieved 2016-09-26.
Jump up ^ "Connie Francis - Mala Femmena / Portami Con Te (Fly Me To The Moon) - MGM - Italy - K 2078". 45cat.com. Retrieved 2016-09-26.
Jump up ^ "Connie Francis - Connie Francis Canta En Español - MGM - Spain". 45cat.com. 2015-02-15. Retrieved 2016-09-26.
Jump up ^ "Reviews of New Singles", Billboard, November 10, 1962. p. 52. Retrieved February 17, 2018.
Jump up ^ Thompson, Dave (2016). Standard Catalog of American Records, F+W Media, Inc. p. 567. Retrieved February 17, 2018.
Jump up ^ Hot 100 - Joe Harnell and His Orchestra Fly Me to the Moon - Bossa Nova Chart History, Billboard.com. Retrieved February 17, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Middle-Road Singles", Billboard, February 23, 1963. p. 42. Retrieved February 17, 2018.
Jump up ^ Adult Contemporary - Joe Harnell and His Orchestra Fly Me to the Moon - Bossa Nova Chart History, Billboard.com. Retrieved February 17, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Top Records of 1963", Billboard, Section II, December 28, 1963. p. 30. Retrieved February 17, 2018.
Jump up ^ Joe Harnell, Recording Academy Grammy Awards, grammy.com. Retrieved February 17, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Joe Harnell, 80; Pianist, Conductor, Composer, Arranger - Los Angeles Times". Articles.latimes.com. 1994-09-29. Retrieved 2013-12-07.
Jump up ^ "Fly Me to the Moon and the Bossa Nova Pops - Joe Harnell & His Orchestra, Joe Harnell". AllMusic. Retrieved February 17, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Billboard Top LP's for Week Ending March 16". Billboard. 1963-03-16. p. 66. Retrieved 2018-02-17.
^ Jump up to: a b "It Might as Well Be Swing - Count Basie, Frank Sinatra". AllMusic. Retrieved February 17, 2018.
Jump up ^ "It Might as Well Be Swing - Count Basie, Frank Sinatra - Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved February 17, 2018.
Jump up ^ "This Time by Basie: Hits of the 50's - Count Basie". AllMusic. Retrieved February 17, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Lunar Collections: April 2006". Apollotribute2.blogspot.com.au. 2006-04-13. Retrieved 2016-09-26.
Jump up ^ Diane K. Shah (November 18, 1990). ""On Q"". The New York Times. Retrieved 1 December 2013.
Jump up ^ "NASA - NASA TV's This Week @NASA, July 24". Nasa.gov. 2009-07-24. Retrieved 2016-09-26.
Jump up ^ "Neil Armstrong remembered at public memorial". BBC News. Retrieved 2016-09-26.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
ASCAP Foundation: Bart Howard Provides A Musical Gift
"Fly Me to the Moon (In Other Words)" at MusicBrainz (information and list of recordings)
[show]
v
t
e
Brenda Lee
Albums
Grandma, What Great Songs You Sang!
Brenda Lee
This Is...Brenda
Emotions
All the Way
Sincerely, Brenda Lee
Brenda, That's All
All Alone Am I
..."Let Me Sing"
Gospel Duets with Treasured Friends
Other albums
The Winning Hand
Singles
"Jambalaya (On the Bayou)"
"One Step at a Time"
"Let's Jump the Broomstick"
"Rockin' Around the Christmas Tree"
"Sweet Nothin's"
"That's All You Gotta Do"
"I'm Sorry"
"I Want to Be Wanted"
"Emotions"
"You Can Depend on Me"
"Dum Dum"
"Fool #1
"Break It to Me Gently"
"Speak to Me Pretty"
"Everybody Loves Me But You"
"Here Comes That Feeling"
"Heart in Hand"
"It Started All Over Again"
"All Alone Am I"
"Your Used to Be"
"She'll Never Know"
"Losing You"
"I Wonder"
"My Whole World Is Falling Down"
"The Grass Is Greener"
"As Usual"
"Think"
"Alone with You"
"When You Loved Me"
"Truly, Truly True"
"Is It True"
"Jingle Bell Rock"
"Too Many Rivers"
"Rusty Bells"
"Coming on Strong"
"Johnny One Time"
"Let It Be Me"
"Always on My Mind"
"Sunday Sunrise"
"Wrong Ideas"
"Big Four Poster Bed"
"Rock on Baby"
"He's My Rock"
"Tell Me What It's Like"
"The Cowgirl and the Dandy"
"Broken Trust"
Other singles
"Hallelujah, I Love You So"
"America the Beautiful"
Songs
"Fly Me to the Moon"
"The Letter"
"Our Day Will Come"
Related topics
Discography
Connie Francis
Skeeter Davis
Ricky Nelson
Lesley Gore
Red Foley
Muruga Booker
Book:Brenda Lee
[show]
v
t
e
Perry Como
Albums
So Smooth (1955)
We Get Letters (1956)
Saturday Night with Mr. C (1958)
When You Come to the End of the Day (1958)
Como Swings (1959)
Season's Greetings from Perry Como (1959)
For the Young at Heart (1960)
Sing to Me Mr. C (1961)
By Request (1962)
The Best of Irving Berlin's Songs from Mr. President (1962)
The Songs I Love (1963)
The Scene Changes (1965)
Lightly Latin (1966)
Perry Como in Italy (1966)
The Perry Como Christmas Album (1968)
Look to Your Heart (1968)
Seattle (1969)
Perry Como in Person at the International Hotel, Las Vegas (1970)
It's Impossible (1970)
I Think of You (1971)
And I Love You So (1973)
Perry (1974)
Just Out of Reach (1975)
40 Greatest Hits (1975)
The Best of British (UK and Canada) (1977)
Where You're Concerned (US) (1978)
Perry Como (1980)
Perry Como Live on Tour (1981)
So It Goes / Goodbye for Now (1983)
Today (1987)
Perry Como's Christmas Concert (1994)
On the Radio – The Perry Como Shows 1943 (2009)
At the Supper Club (2010)
At the Supper Club Part II (2011)
At the Supper Club Part III (2011)
Songs
"'A' You're Adorable"
"Ac-Cent-Tchu-Ate the Positive"
"And I Love You So"
"As Time Goes By"
"Bali Ha'i"
"Because"
"Beyond Tomorrow"
"Bibbidi-Bobbidi-Boo"
"Blue Room"
"A Bushel and a Peck"
"Can't Help Falling in Love"
"Catch a Falling Star"
"Chi-Baba, Chi-Baba (My Bambino Go to Sleep)"
"Confessin'"
"Days of Wine and Roses"
"Deep in the Heart of Texas"
"Delaware "
"Don't Let the Stars Get in Your Eyes"
"Dream Along with Me (I'm on My Way to a Star)"
"A Dreamer's Holiday"
"El Cóndor Pasa"
"Feelings"
"Fly Me to the Moon"
"For the Good Times"
"Forever and Ever"
"Forget Domani"
"Give Me Your Hand"
"Glendora"
"The Gypsy in My Soul"
"Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas"
"He's Got the Whole World in His Hands"
"Hello, Young Lovers"
"Here, There and Everywhere"
"Home for the Holidays"
"Hot Diggity (Dog Ziggity Boom)"
"A House Is Not a Home"
"I Don't See Me in Your Eyes Anymore"
"I Dream of You (More Than You Dream I Do)"
"I Think I Love You"
"I'll Be Home for Christmas"
"If (They Made Me a King)"
"It's Been a Long, Long Time"
"It's Beginning to Look a Lot Like Christmas"
"Kewpie Doll"
"The Lord's Prayer"
"Magic Moments"
"Mandolins in the Moonlight"
"Maria"
"Moon River"
"More"
"No Other Love"
"Papa Loves Mambo"
"Prisoner of Love"
"Round and Round"
"Santa Claus Is Coming to Town"
"Seattle "
"The Shadow of Your Smile"
"Some Enchanted Evening"
"Somos Novios (It's Impossible)"
"The Songs I Love"
"Stop! And Think It Over"
"Surrender"
"Till the End of Time"
"Unchained Melody"
"Wanted"
"The Way You Look Tonight"
"What'll I Do"
"When You and I Were Young, Maggie"
"Young at Heart"
Related
Perry Como discography
Perry Como television and radio shows
Beat the Band
The Chesterfield Supper Club
List of songs recorded by Perry Como
Goodman Ace
Mitchell Ayres
Ray Charles
Frank Gallop
Nick Perito
Category
[show]
v
t
e
Westlife singles
Discography
Westlife
"Swear It Again"
"If I Let You Go"
"Flying Without Wings"
"I Have a Dream"/"Seasons in the Sun"
"Fool Again"
Coast to Coast
"Against All Odds"
"My Love"
"What Makes a Man"
"I Lay My Love on You"
"Uptown Girl"
"When You're Looking Like That"
World of Our Own
"Queen of My Heart"
"Evergreen"
"World of Our Own"
"Bop Bop Baby"
Unbreakable
"Unbreakable"
"Tonight/Miss You Nights"
Turnaround
"Hey Whatever"
"Mandy"
"Obvious"
Allow Us to Be Frank
"Ain't That a Kick in the Head"
"Fly Me To The Moon"
"Smile"
Face to Face
"You Raise Me Up"
"When You Tell Me That You Love Me"
"Amazing"
The Love Album
"The Rose"
"Total Eclipse of the Heart"
Back Home
"Home"
"Us Against the World"
"Something Right"
Where We Are
"What About Now"
Gravity
"Safe"
Greatest Hits
"Lighthouse"
"Beautiful World"
Book
Category
[show]
v
t
e
Neon Genesis Evangelion
Media
Anime
episodes
Manga
chapters
Angelic Days
Petit Eva: Evangelion@School
Campus Apocalypse
Films
Death & Rebirth
The End of Evangelion
Rebuild of Evangelion
1.0
2.0
3.0
3.0+1.0
Video games
Ayanami Raising Project
Shinji Ikari Raising Project
Girlfriend of Steel
2nd
Neon Genesis Evangelion
2
Shinji and Good Friends
Battle Orchestra
Misato Katsuragi's Reporting Plan
City Shrouded in Shadow
Music
"A Cruel Angel's Thesis"
"Fly Me to the Moon"
"Beautiful World"
"Sakura Nagashi"
Studios
Gainax
Khara
Production I.G
Tatsunoko
Characters
Shinji Ikari
Rei Ayanami
Asuka Langley Soryu
Misato Katsuragi
Gendo Ikari
Kaworu Nagisa
People
Hideaki Anno
Mahiro Maeda
Yoshiyuki Sadamoto
Shirō Sagisu
Kazuya Tsurumaki
Related
Angels
Evangelions
Themes
Aoki Uru
"Arue"
Japan Animator Expo
[show]
v
t
e
Antônio Carlos Jobim
Studio albums
The Composer of Desafinado, Plays (1963)
The Wonderful World of Antonio Carlos Jobim (1965)
A Certain Mr. Jobim (1967)
Wave (1967)
Tide (1970)
Stone Flower (1970)
Jobim (1973)
Urubu (1976)
Terra Brasilis (1980)
Antonio Brasileiro (1995)
Live albums
Jazzvisions (1986)
Compilations
Sinatra–Jobim Sessions (1979)
Soundtracks
Lost Highway (1997)
Collaborations
Getz/Gilberto (1963, Stan Getz)
Jazz Samba Encore! (1963, Stan Getz and Luiz Bonfá)
Getz/Gilberto Vol. 2 (1963, Stan Getz)
Francis Albert Sinatra & Antonio Carlos Jobim (1967, Frank Sinatra)
Sinatra & Company (1971, Frank Sinatra)
Elis & Tom (1974, Elis Regina)
"Fly Me to the Moon" (1994, Frank Sinatra)
Compositions
"Água de Beber" (Drinking-Water)
"Waters of March"
"Chega de Saudade" (No More Blues)
"Corcovado" (Quiet Nights of Quiet Stars)
"Desafinado" (Slightly Out of Tune)
"Dindi"
"The Girl from Ipanema"
"How Insensitive"
"Inútil Paisagem" (If You Never Come to Me)
"Meditation"
"One Note Samba"
"Someone to Light Up My Life"
"Wave"
As contributor
Canção do Amor Demais (1958, Elizete Cardoso)
Chega de Saudade (1959, João Gilberto)
Do the Bossa Nova with Herbie Mann, Latin Fever (1962, Herbie Mann)
The Swinger from Rio (1965, Sérgio Mendes)
Love, Strings and Jobim (1966, various)
Abandoned Garden (1995, Michael Franks)
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 177805984
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fly_Me_to_the_Moon&oldid=835308997"
Categories:
1954 songs
1962 singles
Songs written by Bart Howard
Frank Sinatra songs
Trini Lopez songs
Tony Bennett songs
Judy Garland songs
Perry Como songs
Patti Page songs
Bobby Womack songs
Westlife songs
Nancy Wilson (jazz singer) songs
Ella Fitzgerald songs
Johnny Mathis songs
Michael Bolton songs
Al Hirt songs
Neon Genesis Evangelion songs
Bossa nova jazz standards
Pop standards
Outer space themed songs
Hidden categories:
Articles with hAudio microformats
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from November 2017
Articles needing additional references from November 2017
All articles needing additional references
MusicBrainz work same as Wikidata
Articles with MusicBrainz work links
Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Brezhoneg
Deutsch
Ελληνικά
Español
Esperanto
Euskara
فارسی
Français
한국어
Italiano
Kiswahili
Nederlands
日本語
Polski
Português
Русский
Suomi
Svenska
ไทย
Türkçe
Українська
中文
13 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 7 April 2018, at 21:59.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: href class title

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

value: th

attrs: colspan class style

value: tr

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: Kaye Ballard In Other Words Decca Records Inc. Catalog Number 9 29114 Photographed 15 April 2014.JPG

attrs: colspan style

attrs: href title

values: Edit section: Background and composition

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2017)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
/wiki/Extended_Play
mw-redirect
Extended Play

values: Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove

values: Billboard Year-End Hot 100 singles of 1963

values: Grammy Award for Best Performance by an Orchestra – for Dancing

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.45cat.com/record/929114

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.bsnpubs.com/abc/abc200.html

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.45cat.com/record/k2078

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.45cat.com/record/ht05778

values:
/wiki/F%2BW_Media,_Inc.
mw-redirect
F+W Media, Inc.

values:
/wiki/Grammy_Awards
mw-redirect
Grammy Awards

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
Brenda_Lee
fn
font-size:114%;margin:0 4em

values:
row
navbox-group
width:1%;background: #EEEEEE;

values:
/wiki/Coming_on_Strong_(song)
mw-redirect
Coming on Strong (song)

values:
/wiki/Let_It_Be_Me_(song)
mw-redirect
Let It Be Me (song)

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
navbox-abovebelow
2
background: #EEEEEE;

values: nowraplinks vcard collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values:
Perry_Como
fn
font-size:114%;margin:0 4em

values:
/wiki/Just_Out_of_Reach_(album)
mw-redirect
Just Out of Reach (album)

values:
/wiki/So_It_Goes_/_Goodbye_for_Now
mw-redirect
So It Goes / Goodbye for Now

values: On the Radio – The Perry Como Shows 1943

values:
/wiki/At_the_Supper_Club_(Como)
mw-redirect
At the Supper Club (Como)

values:
/wiki/At_the_Supper_Club_Part_II_(Como)
mw-redirect
At the Supper Club Part II (Como)

values:
/wiki/Because_(1902_song)
mw-redirect
Because (1902 song)

values: Chi-Baba, Chi-Baba (My Bambino Go to Sleep)

values: Dream Along with Me (I'm on My Way to a Star)

values:
/wiki/Forever_and_Ever_(1948_song)
mw-redirect
Forever and Ever (1948 song)

values: I Dream of You (More Than You Dream I Do)

values: It's Beginning to Look a Lot Like Christmas

values:
/wiki/The_Lord%27s_Prayer_(1935_song)
mw-redirect
The Lord's Prayer (1935 song)

values:
/wiki/Maria_(1956_song)
mw-redirect
Maria (1956 song)

values:
/wiki/More_(1956_song)
mw-redirect
More (1956 song)

values:
/wiki/Prisoner_of_Love_(1931_song)
mw-redirect
Prisoner of Love (1931 song)

values:
/wiki/Santa_Claus_Is_Coming_to_Town
mw-redirect
Santa Claus Is Coming to Town

values: Till the End of Time (Buddy Kaye and Ted Mossman song)

values: nowraplinks vcard collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

values:
Westlife_singles
fn org
font-size:114%;margin:0 4em

values: Against All Odds (Take a Look at Me Now)

values:
/wiki/Mandy_(English_and_Kerr_song)
mw-redirect
Mandy (English and Kerr song)

values:
/wiki/Allow_Us_to_Be_Frank
mw-redirect
Allow Us to Be Frank

values:
/wiki/Safe_(Westlife_song)
mw-redirect
Safe (Westlife song)

values: nowraplinks vcard hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: List of Neon Genesis Evangelion episodes

values: List of Neon Genesis Evangelion chapters

values: Neon Genesis Evangelion: Campus Apocalypse

values: Neon Genesis Evangelion: Death & Rebirth

values: List of Neon Genesis Evangelion video games

values: Neon Genesis Evangelion: Ayanami Raising Project

values: Neon Genesis Evangelion: Shinji Ikari Raising Project

values: Neon Genesis Evangelion: Girlfriend of Steel

values: Neon Genesis Evangelion: Girlfriend of Steel 2nd

values: Neon Genesis Evangelion: Battle Orchestra

values: List of Neon Genesis Evangelion characters

values: List of Angels in Neon Genesis Evangelion

values: Royal Space Force: The Wings of Honnêamise

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values:
/wiki/The_Composer_of_Desafinado,_Plays
mw-redirect
The Composer of Desafinado, Plays

values: The Wonderful World of Antonio Carlos Jobim

values: Francis Albert Sinatra & Antonio Carlos Jobim

values:
/wiki/Dindi_(song)
mw-redirect
Dindi (song)

values:
/wiki/Wave_(Antonio_Carlos_Jobim_song)
mw-redirect
Wave (Antonio Carlos Jobim song)

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

values:
nofollow
external text
https://viaf.org/viaf/177805984

values: Category:Nancy Wilson (jazz singer) songs

values: Category:Articles with hAudio microformats

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2017

values: Category:Articles needing additional references from November 2017

values: Category:All articles needing additional references

values: Category:MusicBrainz work same as Wikidata

values: Category:Articles with MusicBrainz work links

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Fly_Me_to_the_Moon
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-br
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-el
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eo
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eu
display: none;

values: مرا به ماه پرواز ده – Persian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sw
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

values: フライ・ミー・トゥー・ザ・ムーン – Japanese

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values: Fly Me to the Moon (canção) – Portuguese

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

values: ฟลายมีทูเดอะมูน – Thai

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-th
display: none;

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Fly_Me_to_the_Moon rootpage-Fly_Me_to_the_Moon skin-vector action-view