text:
URL
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
For other uses, see URL (disambiguation).
A Uniform Resource Locator (URL), colloquially termed a web address,[1] is a reference to a web resource that specifies its location on a computer network and a mechanism for retrieving it. A URL is a specific type of Uniform Resource Identifier (URI),[2] although many people use the two terms interchangeably.[3][a] URLs occur most commonly to reference web pages (http), but are also used for file transfer (ftp), email (mailto), database access (JDBC), and many other applications.
Most web browsers display the URL of a web page above the page in an address bar. A typical URL could have the form http://www.example.com/index.html, which indicates a protocol (http), a hostname (www.example.com), and a file name (index.html).
Contents
1 History
2 Syntax
3 Internationalized URL
4 Protocol-relative URLs
5 See also
6 Notes
7 Citations
8 References
9 External links
History
Uniform Resource Locators were defined in RFC 1738 in 1994 by Sir Tim Berners-Lee, the inventor of the World Wide Web, and the URI working group of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF),[6] as an outcome of collaboration started at the IETF Living Documents Birds of a feather session in 1992.[7][8]
The format combines the pre-existing system of domain names (created in 1985) with file path syntax, where slashes are used to separate directory and filenames. Conventions already existed where server names could be prefixed to complete file paths, preceded by a double slash (//).[9]
Berners-Lee later expressed regret at the use of dots to separate the parts of the domain name within URIs, wishing he had used slashes throughout,[9] and also said that, given the colon following the first component of a URI, the two slashes before the domain name were unnecessary.[10]
An early (1993) draft of the HTML Specification[11] referred to "Universal" Resource Locators. This was dropped some time between June 1994 (RFC 1630) and October 1994 (draft-ietf-uri-url-08.txt).[12]
Syntax
Main article: Uniform Resource Identifier § Syntax
Every HTTP URL conforms to the syntax of a generic URI. The URI generic syntax consists of a hierarchical sequence of five components:[13]
URI = scheme:[//authority]path[?query][#fragment]

where the authority component divides into three subcomponents:
authority = [userinfo@]host[:port]

It comprises:
A non-empty scheme component followed by a colon (:), consisting of a sequence of characters beginning with a letter and followed by any combination of letters, digits, plus (+), period (.), or hyphen (-). Although schemes are case-insensitive, the canonical form is lowercase and documents that specify schemes must do so with lowercase letters. Examples of popular schemes include http, https, ftp, mailto, file, data, and irc. URI schemes should be registered with the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), although non-registered schemes are used in practice.[b]
An optional non-empty authority component preceded by two slashes (//), comprising:
An optional userinfo subcomponent that may consist of a user name and an optional password preceded by a colon (:), followed by an at symbol (@). Use of the format username:password in the userinfo subcomponent is deprecated for security reasons. Applications should not render as clear text any data after the first colon (:) found within a userinfo subcomponent unless the data after the colon is the empty string (indicating no password).
A non-empty host subcomponent, consisting of either a registered name (including but not limited to a hostname), or an IP address. IPv4 addresses must be in dot-decimal notation, and IPv6 addresses must be enclosed in brackets ([]).[15][c]
An optional port subcomponent preceded by a colon (:).
A path component, consisting of a sequence of path segments separated by a slash (/). A path is always defined for a URI, though the defined path may be empty (zero length). A segment may also be empty, resulting in two consecutive slashes (//) in the path component. A path component may resemble or map exactly to a file system path, but does not always imply a relation to one. If an authority component is present, then the path component must either be empty or begin with a slash (/). If an authority component is absent, then the path cannot begin with an empty segment, that is with two slashes (//), as the following characters would be interpreted as an authority component.[17] The final segment of the path may be referred to as a 'slug'.
Query delimiter
Example
Ampersand (&) key1=value1&key2=value2
Semicolon (;)[d][incomplete short citation] key1=value1;key2=value2
An optional query component preceded by a question mark (?), containing a query string of non-hierarchical data. Its syntax is not well defined, but by convention is most often a sequence of attribute–value pairs separated by a delimiter.
An optional fragment component preceded by an hash (#). The fragment contains a fragment identifier providing direction to a secondary resource, such as a section heading in an article identified by the remainder of the URI. When the primary resource is an HTML document, the fragment is often an id attribute of a specific element, and web browsers will scroll this element into view.
A web browser will usually dereference a URL by performing an HTTP request to the specified host, by default on port number 80. URLs using the https scheme require that requests and responses will be made over a secure connection to the website.
Internationalized URL
Internet users are distributed throughout the world using a wide variety of languages and alphabets and expect to be able to create URLs in their own local alphabets. An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a form of URL that includes Unicode characters. All modern browsers support IRIs. The parts of the URL requiring special treatment for different alphabets are the domain name and path.[19][20]
The domain name in the IRI is known as an Internationalized Domain Name (IDN). Web and Internet software automatically convert the domain name into punycode usable by the Domain Name System; for example, the Chinese URL http://例子.卷筒纸 becomes http://xn--fsqu00a.xn--3lr804guic/. The xn-- indicates that the character was not originally ASCII.[21]
The URL path name can also be specified by the user in the local writing system. If not already encoded, it is converted to UTF-8, and any characters not part of the basic URL character set are escaped as hexadecimal using percent-encoding; for example, the Japanese URL http://example.com/引き割り.html becomes http://example.com/%E5%BC%95%E3%81%8D%E5%89%B2%E3%82%8A.html. The target computer decodes the address and displays the page.[19]
Protocol-relative URLs
Protocol-relative links (PRL), also known as protocol-relative URLs (PRURL), are URLs that have no protocol specified. For example, //example.com will use the protocol of the current page, either HTTP or HTTPS.[22][23]
See also
CURIE (Compact URI)
Use of slashes in networking
Fragment identifier
Internationalized resource identifier (IRI)
Semantic URL
Typosquatting
Uniform Resource Identifier
URL normalization
Notes
Jump up ^ A URL implies the means to access an indicated resource and is denoted by a protocol or an access mechanism, which is not true of every URI.[4][3] Thus http://www.example.com is a URL, while www.example.com is not.[5]
Jump up ^ The procedures for registering new URI schemes were originally defined in 1999 by RFC 2717, and are now defined by RFC 7595, published in June 2015.[14]
Jump up ^ For URIs relating to resources on the World Wide Web, some web browsers allow .0 portions of dot-decimal notation to be dropped or raw integer IP addresses to be used.[16]
Jump up ^ Historic RFC 1866 (obsoleted by RFC 2854) encourages CGI authors to support ';' in addition to '&'.[18]
Citations
Jump up ^ W3C (2009).
Jump up ^ RFC 3986 (2005).
^ Jump up to: a b Joint W3C/IETF URI Planning Interest Group (2002).
Jump up ^ RFC 2396 (1998).
Jump up ^ Miessler, Daniel. "The Difference Between URLs and URIs".
Jump up ^ W3C (1994).
Jump up ^ IETF (1992).
Jump up ^ Berners-Lee (1994).
^ Jump up to: a b Berners-Lee (2000).
Jump up ^ BBC News (2009).
Jump up ^ Berners-Lee, Tim; Connolly, Daniel (March 1993). Hypertext Markup Language (draft RFCxxx) (Technical report). p. 28.
Jump up ^ Berners-Lee, T; Masinter, L; McCahill, M (October 1994). Uniform Resource Locators (URL) (Technical report). cited in Ang, C.S.; Martin, D.C. (January 1995). Constituent Component Interface++ (Technical report). UCSF Library and Center for Knowledge Management.
Jump up ^ RFC 3986 (2005), §3.
Jump up ^ IETF (2015).
Jump up ^ RFC 3986 (2005), §3.2.2.
Jump up ^ Lawrence (2014).
Jump up ^ RFC 2396 (1998), §3.3.
Jump up ^ RFC 1866 (1995), §8.2.1.
^ Jump up to: a b W3C (2008).
Jump up ^ W3C (2014).
Jump up ^ IANA (2003).
Jump up ^ J. D. Glaser (2013). Secure Development for Mobile Apps: How to Design and Code Secure Mobile Applications with PHP and JavaScript. CRC Press. p. 193. Retrieved 12 October 2015.
Jump up ^ Steven M. Schafer (2011). HTML, XHTML, and CSS Bible. John Wiley & Sons. p. 124. Retrieved 12 October 2015.
References
"Berners-Lee "sorry" for slashes". BBC News. 2009-10-14. Retrieved 2010-02-14.
"Living Documents BoF Minutes". World Wide Web Consortium. 18 March 1992. Retrieved 2011-12-26.
Berners-Lee, Tim (21 March 1994). "Uniform Resource Locators (URL): A Syntax for the Expression of Access Information of Objects on the Network". World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
Berners-Lee, Tim; Masinter, Larry; McCahill, Mark (August 1998). "Uniform Resource Locators (URL)". Internet Engineering Task Force. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
Berners-Lee, Tim (2015) [2000]. "Why the //, #, etc?". Frequently asked questions. World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved 2010-02-03.
Connolly, Dan; Sperberg-McQueen, C. M., eds. (21 May 2009). "Web addresses in HTML 5". World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (14 February 2003). "Completion of IANA Selection of IDNA Prefix". IETF-Announce mailing list. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
Berners-Lee, Tim; Fielding, Roy; Masinter, Larry (August 1998). "Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax". Internet Engineering Task Force. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
Hansen, T.; Hardie, T. (June 2015). Thaler, D., ed. "Guidelines and Registration Procedures for URI Schemes". Internet Engineering Task Force. ISSN 2070-1721.
Mealling, M.; Denenberg, R., eds. (August 2002). "Report from the Joint W3C/IETF URI Planning Interest Group: Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs), URLs, and Uniform Resource Names (URNs): Clarifications and Recommendations". World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
Berners-Lee, Tim; Fielding, Roy; Masinter, Larry (January 2005). "Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax". Internet Engineering Task Force. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
"An Introduction to Multilingual Web Addresses". 9 May 2008. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
Phillip, A. (2014). "What is Happening with "International URLs"". World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
External links
URL specification at WHATWG
hide
v
t
e
Hypermedia
Basics
Hypertext
Hyperlink
Hypertext fiction
Hypervideo
Adaptive hypermedia
educational
authoring
Hyperlinks in virtual worlds
Resource identifiers
Uniform resource identifier
Internationalized resource identifier
Uniform resource name
Uniform resource locator
Extensible resource identifier
Persistent uniform resource locator
Semantic URL
Concepts
anchor text
click path
Domain name
click here
Copyright aspects of hyperlinking and framing
deep linking
Fat link
Fragment identifier
Hostname
Hypertext
Inline linking
inbound link/backlink
HTTP referer
image map
Internal link
Internet bookmark
linkback
Link relation
Link rot
Object hyperlinking
Path
Screen hotspot
Source tracking
transclusion
URI scheme
URL normalization
URL redirection
Website
Web page
XML namespace
Technology
CURIE
Hypertext Transfer Protocol
XLink
See also
Digital poetry
History of hypertext
Interactive novel
Interactive fiction
Timeline of hypertext technology
Copyright aspects of hyperlinking and framing
World Wide Web
Domain Application Protocol
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=URL&oldid=837752202"
Categories:
Uniform Resource Locator
Identifiers
Computer-related introductions in 1994
Hidden categories:
Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages
Articles needing more detailed references
Use dmy dates from May 2011
Pages using RFC magic links
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
View source
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Afrikaans
Alemannisch
Ænglisc
العربية
Arpetan
Azərbaycanca
বাংলা
Bân-lâm-gú
Беларуская
Беларуская (тарашкевіца)
Български
Bosanski
Català
Чӑвашла
Čeština
Cymraeg
Dansk
Deutsch
Eesti
Ελληνικά
Español
Esperanto
Euskara
فارسی
Français
Gaeilge
Galego
ગુજરાતી
한국어
हिन्दी
Hrvatski
Bahasa Indonesia
Interlingua
Íslenska
Italiano
עברית
Basa Jawa
ಕನ್ನಡ
Қазақша
Кыргызча
Latviešu
Lëtzebuergesch
Magyar
Македонски
മലയാളം
Bahasa Melayu
Монгол
Nederlands
日本語
Нохчийн
Norsk
Norsk nynorsk
Олык марий
ଓଡ଼ିଆ
ភាសាខ្មែរ
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Scots
Shqip
Simple English
Slovenčina
Slovenščina
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Svenska
தமிழ்
తెలుగు
Tetun
ไทย
Тоҷикӣ
Türkçe
Українська
اردو
ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche
Vèneto
Tiếng Việt
ייִדיש
Yorùbá
粵語
中文
73 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 22 April 2018, at 20:35 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

attrs: class id

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

value: p

values:
/wiki/URL_(disambiguation)
mw-disambig
URL (disambiguation)

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

value: sup

values: checkbox button toctogglecheckbox toctogglecheckbox display:none

values:
/wiki/Request_for_Comments_(identifier)
mw-redirect
Request for Comments (identifier)

values:
nofollow
external text
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1738

values:
/wiki/Folder_(computing)
mw-redirect
Folder (computing)

values:
external mw-magiclink-rfc
nofollow
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1630

values:
/wiki/HTTP_Secure
mw-redirect
HTTP Secure

values: More information is required to link this short citation to its long citation. (August 2016)

values: float: right; font-size: 0.9em; margin-left: 1em

values:
/wiki/Internationalized_Domain_Name
mw-redirect
Internationalized Domain Name

values:
/wiki/Semantic_URL
mw-redirect
Semantic URL

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: lower-alpha;

values: -moz-column-width: 20em; -webkit-column-width: 20em; column-width: 20em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
nofollow
external text
http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1738

values:
nofollow
external text
http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2396

values:
nofollow
external text
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7595

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/issn/2070-1721

values:
nofollow
external text
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3305

values:
nofollow
external text
http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em;

values:
nofollow
https://url.spec.whatwg.org/
external text

values:
/wiki/Adaptive_educational_hypermedia
mw-redirect
Adaptive educational hypermedia

values:
/wiki/Authoring_of_adaptive_hypermedia
mw-redirect
Authoring of adaptive hypermedia

values:
/wiki/Uniform_resource_identifier
mw-redirect
Uniform resource identifier

values:
/wiki/Uniform_resource_name
mw-redirect
Uniform resource name

values:
/wiki/Uniform_resource_locator
mw-redirect
Uniform resource locator

values:
/wiki/Extensible_resource_identifier
mw-redirect
Extensible resource identifier

values: Copyright aspects of hyperlinking and framing

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible

values: navigation navbox Hypermedia padding:3px

values: Category:Computer-related introductions in 1994

values: Category:Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages

values: Category:Articles needing more detailed references

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/URL
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values:
This page is protected.
You can view its source [ctrl-alt-e]

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values:
https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronadres
Bronadres – Afrikaans
af
af
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-af
display: none;

values:
https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL
URL – Alemannisch
als
als
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-als
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ang
display: none;

values: يو آر إل – Arabic

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-frp
display: none;

values:
https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL
URL – Azerbaijani
az
az
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-az
display: none;

values: ইউনিফর্ম রিসোর্স লোকেটর – Bangla

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bn
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan
display: none;

values:
https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL
URL – Belarusian
be
be
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-be
display: none;

values: URL – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old
display: none;

values: Унифициран локатор на ресурси – Bulgarian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bg
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bs
display: none;

values: Localitzador uniforme de recursos – Catalan

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
display: none;

values:
https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL
URL – Chuvash
cv
cv
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cv
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

values:
https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL
URL – Welsh
cy
cy
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cy
display: none;

values:
https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL
URL – Danish
da
da
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-da
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-de
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-et
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-el
display: none;

values: Localizador de recursos uniforme – Spanish

values:
https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL
URL – Esperanto
eo
eo
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eo
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eu
display: none;

values: نشانی وب – Persian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fr
display: none;

values: Aimsitheoir Aonfhoirmeach Acmhainne – Irish

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ga
display: none;

values:
https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL
URL – Galician
gl
gl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gl
display: none;

values: યુનિફોર્મ રિસોર્સ લોકેટર – Gujarati

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gu
display: none;

values:
https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL
URL – Korean
ko
ko
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ko
display: none;

values: सम स्रोत निर्धारक (स्रोनि) – Hindi

values:
https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL
URL – Croatian
hr
hr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ia
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-is
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

values:
https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL
URL – Hebrew
he
he
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-jv
display: none;

values: ಯು.ಆರ್.ಎಲ್ – Kannada

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-kn
display: none;

values:
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL
URL – Kazakh
kk
kk
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-kk
display: none;

values:
https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL
URL – Kyrgyz
ky
ky
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ky
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lv
display: none;

values: Uniform Resource Locator – Luxembourgish

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lb
display: none;

values:
https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL
URL – Hungarian
hu
hu
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hu
display: none;

values:
https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL
URL – Macedonian
mk
mk
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mk
display: none;

values: യൂനിഫോം റിസോഴ്സ് ലൊക്കേറ്റർ – Malayalam

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ml
display: none;

values:
https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL
URL – Malay
ms
ms
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL
URL – Mongolian
mn
mn
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mn
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ja
display: none;

values:
https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL
URL – Chechen
ce
ce
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ce
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

values:
https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL
URL – Norwegian Nynorsk
nn
nn
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nn
display: none;

values:
https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL
URL – Eastern Mari
mhr
mhr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr
display: none;

values: ୟୁନିଫର୍ମ ରିସୋର୍ସ ଲୋକେଟର – Odia

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-or
display: none;

values:
https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL
URL – Khmer
km
km
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-km
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values:
https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL
URL – Portuguese
pt
pt
interlanguage-link-target

values: Localizator uniform de resurse – Romanian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ro
display: none;

values:
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL
URL – Russian
ru
ru
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sco
display: none;

values:
https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL
URL – Albanian
sq
sq
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sq
display: none;

values: Uniform Resource Locator – Simple English

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-simple
display: none;

values: Jednotný vyhľadávač prostriedku – Slovak

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sk
display: none;

values:
https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL
URL – Slovenian
sl
sl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sl
display: none;

values: Униформни ресурсни локатор – Serbian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sh
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

values: உரலி – Tamil

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ta
display: none;

values: యూనిఫాం రిసోర్స్ లొకేటర్ – Telugu

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-te
display: none;

values:
https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL
URL – Tetum
tet
tet
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tet
display: none;

values: ยูอาร์แอล – Thai

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-th
display: none;

values:
https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL
URL – Tajik
tg
tg
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tg
display: none;

values:
https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL
URL – Turkish
tr
tr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tr
display: none;

values: Уніфікований локатор ресурсів – Ukrainian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values: یو آر ایل – Urdu

values:
https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL
URL – Uyghur
ug
ug
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ug
display: none;

values:
https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL
URL – Venetian
vec
vec
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vec
display: none;

values:
https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL
URL – Vietnamese
vi
vi
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vi
display: none;

values:
https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL
URL – Yiddish
yi
yi
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-yi
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-yo
display: none;

values:
https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL
URL – Cantonese
zh-yue
zh-yue
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue
display: none;

values: 统一资源定位符 – Chinese

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-URL rootpage-URL skin-vector action-view