Thomas Paine

Born in Thetford in the English county of Norfolk, Paine migrated to the British American colonies in 1774 with the help of Benjamin Franklin, arriving just in time to participate in the American Revolution. Virtually every rebel read (or listened to a reading of) his powerful pamphlet Common Sense (1776), proportionally the all - time best - selling American title, which crystallized the rebellious demand for independence from Great Britain. His The American Crisis (1776 -- 83) was a pro-revolutionary pamphlet series. Common Sense was so influential that John Adams said, ``Without the pen of the author of Common Sense, the sword of Washington would have been raised in vain. ''Born in Thetford in the English county of Norfolk, Paine migrated to the British American colonies in 1774 with the help of Benjamin Franklin, arriving just in time to participate in the American Revolution. Virtually every rebel read (or listened to a reading of) his powerful pamphlet Common Sense (1776), proportionally the all - time best - selling American title, which crystallized the rebellious demand for independence from Great Britain. His The American Crisis (1776 -- 83) was a pro-revolutionary pamphlet series.Born in Thetford in the English county of Norfolk, Paine migrated to the British American colonies in 1774 with the help of Benjamin Franklin, arriving just in time to participate in the American Revolution. Virtually every rebel read (or listened to a reading of) his powerful pamphlet Common Sense (1776), proportionally the all - time best - selling American title, which crystallized the rebellious demand for independence from Great Britain. His The American Crisis (1776 -- 83) was a pro-revolutionary pamphlet series. Common Sense was so influential that John Adams said, ``Without the pen of the author of Common Sense, the sword of Washington would have been raised in vain. ''Born in Thetford in the English county of Norfolk, Paine migrated to the British American colonies in 1774 with the help of Benjamin Franklin, arriving just in time to participate in the American Revolution. Virtually every rebel read (or listened to a reading of) his powerful pamphlet Common Sense (1776), proportionally the all - time best - selling American title, which crystallized the rebellious demand for independence from Great Britain. His The American Crisis (1776 -- 83) was a pro-revolutionary pamphlet series. Common Sense was so influential that John Adams said, ``Without the pen of the author of Common Sense, the sword of Washington would have been raised in vain. ''Born in Thetford in the English county of Norfolk, Paine migrated to the British American colonies in 1774 with the help of Benjamin Franklin, arriving just in time to participate in the American Revolution. Virtually every rebel read (or listened to a reading of) his powerful pamphlet Common Sense (1776), proportionally the all - time best - selling American title, which crystallized the rebellious demand for independence from Great Britain. His The American Crisis (1776 -- 83) was a pro-revolutionary pamphlet series. Common Sense was so influential that John Adams said, ``Without the pen of the author of Common Sense, the sword of Washington would have been raised in vain. ''Born in Thetford in the English county of Norfolk, Paine migrated to the British American colonies in 1774 with the help of Benjamin Franklin, arriving just in time to participate in the American Revolution. Virtually every rebel read (or listened to a reading of) his powerful pamphlet Common Sense (1776), proportionally the all - time best - selling American title, which crystallized the rebellious demand for independence from Great Britain. His The American Crisis (1776 -- 83) was a pro-revolutionary pamphlet series. Common Sense was so influential that John Adams said, ``Without the pen of the author of Common Sense, the sword of Washington would have been raised in vain. ''Born in Thetford in the English county of Norfolk, Paine migrated to the British American colonies in 1774 with the help of Benjamin Franklin, arriving just in time to participate in the American Revolution. Virtually every rebel read (or listened to a reading of) his powerful pamphlet Common Sense (1776), proportionally the all - time best - selling American title, which crystallized the rebellious demand for independence from Great Britain. His The American Crisis (1776 -- 83) was a pro-revolutionary pamphlet series. Common Sense was so influential that John Adams said, ``Without the pen of the author of Common Sense, the sword of Washington would have been raised in vain. ''Born in Thetford in the English county of Norfolk, Paine migrated to the British American colonies in 1774 withBorn in Thetford in the English county of Norfolk, Paine migrated to the British American colonies in 1774 with the help of Benjamin Franklin, arriving just in time to participate in the American Revolution. Virtually every rebel read (or listened to a reading of) his powerful pamphlet Common Sense (1776), proportionally the all - time best - selling American title, which crystallized the rebellious demand for independence from Great Britain. His The American Crisis (1776 -- 83) was a pro-revolutionary pamphlet series. Common Sense was so influential that John Adams said, ``Without the pen of the author of Common Sense, the sword of Washington would have been raised in vain. ''Born in Thetford in the English county of Norfolk, Paine migrated to the British American colonies in 1774 with the help of Benjamin Franklin, arriving just in time to participate in the American Revolution. Virtually every rebel read (or listened to a reading of) his powerful pamphlet Common Sense (1776), proportionally the all - time best - selling American title, which crystallized the rebellious demand for independence from Great Britain. His The American Crisis (1776 -- 83) was a pro-revolutionary pamphlet series. Common Sense was so influential that John Adams said, ``Without the pen of the author of Common Sense, the sword of Washington would have been raised in vain. ''Born in Thetford in the English county of Norfolk, Paine migrated to the British American colonies in 1774 with the help of Benjamin Franklin, arriving just in time to participate in the American Revolution. Virtually every rebel read (or listened to a reading of) his powerful pamphlet Common Sense (1776), proportionally the all - time best - selling American title, which crystallized the rebellious demand for independence from Great Britain. His The American Crisis (1776 -- 83) was a pro-revolutionary pamphlet series. Common Sense was so influential that John Adams said, ``Without the pen of the author of Common Sense, the sword of Washington would have been raised in vain. ''Born in Thetford in the English county of Norfolk, Paine migrated to the British American colonies in 1774 with the help of Benjamin Franklin, arriving just in time to participate in the American Revolution. Virtually every rebel read (or listened to a reading of) his powerful pamphlet Common Sense (1776), proportionally the all - time best - selling American title, which crystallized the rebellious demand for independence from Great Britain. His The American Crisis (1776 -- 83) was a pro-revolutionary pamphlet series.Born in Thetford in the English county of Norfolk, Paine migrated to the British American colonies in 1774 with the help of Benjamin Franklin, arriving just in time to participate in the American Revolution. Virtually every rebel read (or listened to a reading of) his powerful pamphlet Common Sense (1776), proportionally the all - time best - selling American title, which crystall

Edmund Burke

 who arrived in Ireland in 1185 following Henry II of England's 1171 invasion of Ireland and is among the "chief Gall or Old English families that assimilated into Gaelic society" (the surname de Burgh (Latinised as de Burgo) was gaelicised in Irish as de Búrca or Búrc which over the centuries became Burke).
Burke adhered to his father's faith and remained a practising Anglican throughout his life, unlike his sister Juliana, who was brought up as and remained a Roman Catholic. Later, his political enemies repeatedly accused him of having been educated at the Jesuit College of St. Omer, near Calais, France; and of harbouring secret Catholic sympathies at a time when membership in the Catholic Church would disqualify him from public office per Penal Laws in Ireland. As Burke told Frances Crewe:

Mr. Burke's Enemies often endeavoured to convince the World that he had been bred up in the Catholic Faith, & that his Family were of it, & that he himself had been educated at St. Omer—but this was false, as his father was a regular practitioner of the Law at Dublin, which he could not be unless of the Established Church: & it so happened that though Mr. B was twice at Paris, he never happened to go through the Town of St. Omer.
After being elected to the House of Commons, Burke took the required oath of allegiance and abjuration, the oath of supremacy and the declaration against transubstantiation.
As a child, Burke sometimes spent time away from the unhealthy air of Dublin with his mother's family near Killavullen in the Blackwater Valley in County Cork. He received his early education at a Quaker school in Ballitore, County Kildare, some 67 kilometres (42 mi) from Dublin; and possibly like his cousin Nano Nagle at a Hedge school near Killavullen. He remained in correspondence with his schoolmate from there, Mary Leadbeater, the daughter of the school's owner, throughout his life.
In 1744, Burke started at Trinity College Dublin, a Protestant establishment which up until 1793 did not permit Catholics to take degrees. In 1747, he set up a debating society, Edmund Burke's Club, which in 1770 merged with TBurke's Reflections sparked a pamphlet war. Thomas Paine penned the Rights of Man in 1791 as a response to Burke; Mary Wollstonecraft published A Vindication of the Rights of Men and James Mackintosh wrote Vindiciae Gallicae. Mackintosh was the first to see the Reflections as "the manifesto of a Counter Revolution". Mackintosh later agreed with Burke's views, remarking in December 1796 after meeting him, that Burke was "minutely and accurately informed, to a wonderful exactness, with respect to every fact relating to the French Revolution". Mackintosh later said: "Burke was one of the first thinkers as well as one of the greatest orators of his time. He is without parallel in any age, excepting perhaps Lord Bacon and Cicero; and his works contain an ampler store of political and moral wisdom than can be found in any other writer whatever". conservative faction of the Whig Party which he dubbed the Old Whigs as opposed to the pro-French Revolution New Whigs led by Charles James Fox.
In the 19th century, Burke was praised by both conservatives and liberals. Subsequently, in the 20th century, he became widely regarded, especially in the United States, as the philosophical founder of conservatism, along with his more conservative counterpart, Joseph de Maistre.

== Early life ==

Burke was born in Dublin, Ireland. His mother Mary, née Nagle, was a Roman Catholic who hailed from a County Cork family and a cousin of the Catholic educator Nano Nagle, whereas his father Richard, a successful solicitor, was a member of the Church of Ireland. It remains unclear whether this is the same Richard Burke who converted from Catholicism. The Burgh (Burke) dynasty descends from the Anglo-Norman knight, William de Burgh, who arrived in Ireland in 1185 following Henry II of England's 1171 invasion of Ireland and is among the "chief Gall or Old English families that assimilated into Gaelic society" (the surname de Burgh (Latinised as de Burgo) was gaelicised in Irish as de Búrca or Búrc which over the centuries became Burke).
Burke adhered to his father's faith and remained a practising Anglican throughout his life, unlike his sister Juliana, who was brought up as and remained a Roman Catholic. Later, his political enemies repeatedly accused him of having been educated at the Jesuit College of St. Omer, near Calais, France; and of harbouring secret Catholic sympathies at a time when membership in the Catholic Church would disqualify him from public office per Penal

Question: Why is the work "Common Sense," by the same writer of "The Rights of Man," considered significant?

Question: Who wrote 'The Rights of Man'?

Answer: Thomas Paine

Question: common sense which was written by #1 was an important work because it

Answer: crystallized the rebellious demand for independence from Great Britain

Answer: crystallized the rebellious demand for independence from Great Britain

Why was Common Sense, written by the same author as The Rights of Man, an important work?


Bang Bon District

 at the Thepyada Arak Fresh Market building, but later moved to a permanent location on Ekkachai Road.
The name Bang Bon is reference to a type of herbaceous in taro family called bon (บอน, pronounced [b������n]) in Thai, also known internationally as elephant ears (Colocasia esculenta var. aquatilis). Bang Bon is therefore "a place of elephant ears".

== Administration ==
The district has four sub-districts (khwaeng).

The missing number 1 is the sub-district that was dissolved and divided into four current sub-districts.

== Economy ==
Agriculture is an important part of the area economy. Among Bang Bon's famous products are Nam Doc Mai mangos, coconuts, orchids, and lotus.

== Places ==
Wat Bang Bon
7th Cycle Birthday Anniversary Park, Bang Bon, otherwise known as 9 Hills Park
Sarasas Witaed Bangbon School
Suksanareewittaya School, formerly and still colloquially known as Suksanari 2 School (shared with Samut Sakhon province)

== Notable people ==
Chalerm Yubamrung – politician

== References ==

== External links ==
District website (Thai)
BMA website with the tourist landmarks of Bang BonBang Bon (Thai: บางบอน, pronounced [bā���� b������n]) is one of the 50 districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand. Its neighbours, clockwise from north, are Bang Khae, Phasi Charoen, Chom Thong, and Bang Khun Thian districts of Bangkok, Mueang Samut Sakhon district and Krathum Baen district of Samut Sakhon province, and Nong Khaem district of Bangkok.

== History ==
Formerly Bang Bon was a tambon of amphoe Bang Khun Thian in Thonburi Province, prior to the merger of Thonburi and Phra Nakhon into a single province, after which it was a sub-district of Bang Khun Thian District.
On 14 October 1997, Bang Bon was split from Bang Khun Thian and established as a new district. The district office opened on 6 March 1998, the last of Bangkok's 50 districts to open, first established temporarily at the Thepyada Arak Fresh Market building, but later moved to a permanent location on Ekkachai Road.
The name Bang Bon is reference to a type of herbaceous in taro family called bon (บอน, pronounced [b������n]) in Thai, also known internationally as elephant ears (Colocasia esculenta var. aquatilis). Bang Bon is therefore "a place of elephant ears".

== Administration ==
The district has four sub-districts (khwaeng).

The missing number 1 is the sub-district that was dissolved and divided into four current sub-districts.

== Economy ==
Agriculture is an important part of the area economy. Among Bang Bon's famous products are Nam Doc Mai mangos, coconuts, orchids, and lotus.

== Places ==
Wat Bang Bon
7th Cycle Birthday Anniversary Park, Bang Bon, otherwise known as 9 Hills Park
Sarasas Witaed Bangbon School
Suksanareewittaya School, formerly and still colloquially known as Suksanari 2 School (shared with Samut Sakhon province)

== Notable people ==
Chalerm Yubamrung – politician

== References ==

== External links ==
District website (Thai)
BMA website with the tourist landmarks of Bang BonBang Bon (Thai: บางบอน, pronounced [bā���� b������n]) is one of the 50 districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand. Its neighbours, clockwise from north, are Bang Khae, Phasi Charoen, Chom Thong, and Bang Khun Thian districts of Bangkok, Mueang Samut Sakhon district and Krathum Baen district of Samut Sakhon province, and Nong Khaem district of Bangkok.

== History ==
Formerly Bang Bon was a tambon of amphoe Bang Khun Thian in Thonburi Province, prior to the merger of Thonburi and Phra Nakhon into a single province, after which it was a sub-dBang Bon (Thai: บางบอน, pronounced [bāːŋ bɔ̄ːn]) is one of the 50 districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand. Its neighbours, clockwise from north, are Bang Khae, Phasi Charoen, Chom Thong, and Bang Khun Thian districts of Bangkok, Mueang Samut Sakhon District and Krathum Baen District of Samut Sakhon Province, and Nong Khaem District of Bangkok.== History ==
Formerly Bang Bon was a tambon of amphoe Bang Khun Thian in Thonburi Province, prior to the merger of Thonburi and Phra Nakhon into a single province, after which it was a sub-district of Bang Khun Thian District.
On 14 October 1997, Bang Bon was split from Bang Khun Thian and established as a new district. The district office opened on 6 March 1998, the last of Bangkok's 50 districts to open, first established temporarily at the Thepyada Arak Fresh Market building, but later moved to a permanent

Beatrice Heuser

a D.Phil. in Political Science from the University of Oxford. In addition, she holds a Higher Doctorate from the University of Marburg. From 1989 to 1991, she worked at the Royal Institute of International Affairs in London. Subsequently, she became a lecturer and later a professor of Strategic Studies at King's College London. She has also taught in France at the University of Reims, and the Graduate School of Journalism in Lille, and in Germany at the University of Potsdam and Bundeswehr University of Munich. 'From 2003 to 2007 the director of the research section of the GermanBeatrice Heuser (born 15 March 1961 in Bangkok), is an historian and political scientist. She holds the chair of International Relations at the University of Glasgow.

The Beach (film)

Controversy arose during the making of the film due to 20th Century Fox's bulldozing and landscaping of the natural beach setting of Ko Phi Phi Leh to make it more ``paradise - like ''. The production altered some sand dunes and cleared some coconut trees and grass to widen the beach. Fox set aside a fund to reconstruct and return the beach to its natural state; however, lawsuits were filed by environmentalists who believed the damage to the ecosystem was permanent and restoration attempts had failed. Following shooting of the film, there was a clear flat area at one end of the beach that was created artificially with an odd layout of trees which was never rectified, and the entire area remained damaged from the original state until the tsunami of 2004. released on 11 February 2000, by 20th Century Fox. It was a moderate box office success, grossing $144 million against a $50 million budget, but received mixed-to-negative reviews from critics, who praised the film's scenery, soundtrack, and DiCaprio's performance, but criticized it as a muddled adaptation that loses the book's themes and social commentary.

Question: In what location within Beatrice Heuser's birth country was The Beach filmed?

Question: Beatrice Heuser >> place of birth

Answer: Bangkok

Question: Where is #1 located?

Answer: Thailand

Question: where did they film the beach in #2

Answer: Ko Phi Phi Leh

Answer: Ko Phi Phi Leh

Where did they film The Beach in the country where Beatrice Heuser was born?


Tom Hood

Tom Hood (19 January 1835 – 20 November 1874), was an English humorist and playwright, and son of the poet and author Thomas Hood. A prolific author, in 1865 he was appointed editor of the magazine "Fun". He founded "Tom Hood's Comic Annual" in 1867.Tom Hood (19 January 1835 – 20 November 1874), was an English humorist and playwright, and son of the poet and author Thomas Hood. A prolific author, in 1865 he was appointed editor of the magazine "Fun". He founded "Tom Hood's Comic Annual" in 1867.Thomas Hood (19 January 1835 – 20 November 1874) was an English humorist, playwright and author. He was the son of the poet and author Thomas Hood. Pen and Pencil Pictures (1857) was the first of his illustrated books. His most successful novel was Captain Master's Children (1865).

== Biography ==

Hood was born at Lake House, Leytonstone, England, the son of the poet Thomas Hood and his wife Jane (née Reynolds) (1791–1846). His older sister was the children's writer, Frances Freeling Broderip. After attending University College School and Louth Grammar School, he entered Pembroke College, Oxford, in 1853. There he studied for the Church and passed all the examinations for the degree of BA, but did not graduate.
At Oxford, he wrote his Farewell to the Swallows (185

Frances Freeling Broderip

 Broderip of Cossington Manor, (d. 1847), by his wife Grace Dory, daughter of Benjamin Greenhill. Her husband was born at Wells, Somersetshire, in 1814, educated at Eton, and at Balliol College, Oxford, where he took his B.A. 1837, M.A. 1839, became rector of Cossington, Somersetshire, 1844, and died at Cossington on 10 April 1866. The couple had four daughters.

== Publications ==
In 1857 Mrs. Broderip commenced her literary career by the publication of Wayside Fancies, which was followed in 1860 by Funny Fables for Little Folks, the first of a series of her works to which the illustrations were supplied by her brother, Tom Hood. Her other books appeared in the followingBroderip, second daughter of Thomas Hood, the poet, who died in 1845, by his wife, Jane Reynolds, who died in 1846, was born at Winchmore Hill, Middlesex, in 1830. She was named after her father's friend, Sir Francis Freeling, the secretary to the general post office.FBroderip, second daughter of Thomas Hood, the poet, who died in 1845, by his wife, Jane Reynolds, who died in 1846, was born at Winchmore Hill, Middlesex, in 1830. She was named after her father's friend, Sir Francis Freeling, the secretary to the general post office. born at Winchmore Hill, Middlesex, in 1830. She was named after her father's friend, Sir Francis Freeling, the secretary to the general post office. Her younger brother was the humourist Tom Hood.

== Marriage ==
On 10 September 1849 she married the Rev. John Somerville Broderip, son of Edward Broderip of Cossington Manor, (d. 1847), by his wife Grace Dory, daughter of Benjamin Greenhill. Her husband was born at Wells, Somersetshire, in 1814, educated at Eton, and at Balliol College, Oxford, where he took his B.A. 1837, M.A. 1839, became rector of Cossington, Somersetshire, 1844, and died at Cossington on 10 April 1866. The couple had four daughters.

== Publications ==
In 1857 Mrs. Broderip commenced her literary career by the publication of Wayside Fancies, which was followed in 1860 by Funny Fables for Little Folks, the first of a series of her works to which the illustrations were supplied by her brother, Tom Hood. Her other books appeared in the followingBroderip, second daughter of Thomas Hood, the poet, who died in 1845, by his wife, Jane Reynolds, who died in 1846, was born at Winchmore Hill, Middlesex, in 1830. She was named after her father's friend, Sir Francis Freeling, the secretary to the general post office.Frances Freeling Broderip (née Hood) (11 September 1830 – 3 November 1878) was an English children's writer.

== Early life ==
Broderip, second daughter of Thomas Hood, the poet, who died in 1845, by his wife, Jane Reynolds, who died in 1846, was born at Winchmore Hill, Middlesex, in 1830. She was named after her father's friend, Sir Francis Freeling, the secretary to the general post office. Her younger brother was the humourist Tom Hood.

== Marriage ==
On 10 September 1849 she married the Rev. John Somerville Broderip, son of Edward Broderip of Cossington Manor, (d. 1847), by his wife Grace Dory, daughter of Benjamin Greenhill. Her husband was born at Wells, Somersetshire, in 1814, educated at Eton, and at Balliol College, Oxford, where he took his B.A. 1837, M.A. 1839, became rector of Cossington, Somersetshire, 1844, and died at Cossington on 10 April 1866. The couple had four daughters.

== Publications ==
In 1857 Mrs. Broderip commenced her literary career by the publication of Wayside Fancies, which was followed in 1860 by Funny Fables for Little Folks, the first of a series of her works to which the illustrations were supplied by her brother, Tom Hood. Her other books appeared in the following order:

Chrysal, or a Story with an End 1861
Fairyland, or Recreations for the Rising Generation. By T. and J. Hood, and their Son and Daughter 1861
Tiny Tadpole, and other Tales 1862
My Grandmother's Budget of Stories 1863
Merry Songs for Little Voices. By F. F. Broderip and T. Hood 1865
Crosspatch, the Cricket, and the Counterpane 1865
Mamma's Morning Gossips 1866
Wild Roses: Simple Stories of Country Life 1867
The Daisy and her Friends: Tales and Stories for Children 1869
Tales of the Toys told by Themselves 1869
Excursions into Puzzledom. By T. Hood the Younger, and F. F. Broderip 1879
In 1860, with the assistance of her brother, Tom Hood, she edited Memorials of Thomas Hood, 2 vols., and in 1869 selected and published the Early Poems and Sketches of her father. She also, in conjunction with her brother, published in a collected form The Works of T. Hood, 1869–73, 10 vols.

== Death ==
She died at Clevedon on 3 November 1878, in her forty-ninth year, and was buried in St. Mary's churchyard, Walton by Clevedon, on 9 November, leaving issue four daughters.

== References ==

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: "Broderip, Frances Freeling". Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.

== External links ==
Works by Frances Freeling Broderip at Project Gutenberg
Works by or about Frances Freeling Broderip at Internet ArchiveFrances Freeling Broderip (née Hood) (11 September 1830 – 3 November 1878) was an English children's writer.

== Early life ==
Broderip, second daughter of Thomas Hood, the poet, who died in 1845, by his wife, Jane Reynolds, who died in 1846, was born at Winchmore Hill, Middlesex, in 1830. She was named after her father's friend, Sir Francis Freeling, the secretary

Question: Who is the brother or sister of Frances Freeling Broderip?

Question: Frances Freeling Broderip >> father

Answer: Thomas Hood

Question: #1 >> child

Answer: Tom Hood

Answer: Tom Hood

Who is Frances Freeling Broderip's sibling?


Mexico City

 urban areas in the world. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's GDP, and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of the country's GDP. If it were an independent country in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America.
Mexico City is the oldest capital city in the Americas and one of two founded by Indigenous people. The city was originally built on a group of islands in Lake Texcoco by the Mexica around 1325, under the name Tenochtitlan. It was almost completely destroyed in the 1521 siege of Tenochtitlan and subsequently redesigned and rebuilt in accordance with the Spanish urban standards. In 1524, the municipality of Mexico City was established, known as México Tenochtitlán, and as of 1585, it was officially known as Ciudad de México (Mexico City). Mexico City played a major role in the Spanish colonial empire as a political, administrative, and financial center. Following independence from Spain, the federal district was established in 1824.
After years of demanding greater political autonomy, residents were finally given the right to elect both a head of government and the representatives of the unicameral Legislative Assembly by election in 1997. Ever since, left-wing parties (first the Party of the Democratic Revolution and later the National Regeneration Movement) have controlled both of them. The city has several progressive policies, such as elective abortions, a limited form of euthanasia, no-fault divorce, same-sex marriage, and legal gender change. On 29 January 2016, it ceased to be the Federal District (Spanish: Distrito Federal or D.F.) and is now officially known as Ciudad de México (or CDMX), with a greater degree of autonomy. A clause in the Constitution of Mexico, however, prevents it from becoming a state within the Mexican federation, as long it remains the capital of the country.

== Nicknames and mottos ==
Mexico City was traditionally known as La Ciudad de los Palacios ("the City of the Palaces"), a nickname attributed to Baron Alexander von Humboldt when visiting the city in the 19th century, who, sending a letter back to Germany, said Mexico City could rival any major city in Europe. But it was English politician Charles Latrobe who really penned the following: "... look at their works: the moles, aqueducts, churches, roads—and the luxurious City of Palaces which has risen from the clay-built ruins of Tenochtitlan...", on page 84 of the Letter V of The Rambler in Mexico.
During the colonial period, the city's motto was "Muy Noble e Insigne, Muy Leal e Imperial" (Very Noble and Distinguished, Very Loyal and Imperial). During Andrés Manuel López Obrador's administration a political slogan was introduced: la Ciudad de la Esperanza (lit.��'The City of Hope'). This motto was quickly adopted as a city nickname but has faded since the new motto, Capital en Movimiento ("Capital in Movement"), was adopted by the administration headed by Marcelo Ebrard, though the latter is not treated as often as a nickname in media.
Up until 2013, it was common to refer to the city by the initialism
"DF" from "Distrito Federal de México". Since 2013, the abbreviation "CDMX" (Ciudad de México) has been more common, particularly in relation to government campaigns.
The city is colloquially known as ChilangThe National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), located in Mexico City, is the largest university on the continent, with more than 300,000 students from all backgrounds. Three Nobel laureates, several Mexican entrepreneurs and most of Mexico's modern-day presidents are among its former students. UNAM conducts 50% of Mexico's scientific research and has presence all across the country with satellite campuses, observatories and research centres. UNAM ranked 74th in the Top 200 World University Ranking published by Times Higher Education (then called Times Higher Education Supplement) in 2006, making it the highest ranked Spanish-speaking university in the world. The sprawling main campus of the university, known as Ciudad Universitaria, was named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2007.MexThe National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), located in Mexico City, is the largest university on the continent, with more than 300,000 students from all backgrounds. Three Nobel laureates, several Mexican entrepreneurs and most of Mexico's modern-day presidents are among its former students. UNAM conducts 50% of Mexico's scientific research and has presence all across the country with satellite campuses, observatories and research centres. UNAM ranked 74th in the Top 200 World University Ranking published by Times Higher Education (then called Times Higher Education Supplement) in 2006, making it the highest ranked Spanish-speaking university in the world. The sprawling main campus of the university, known as Ciudad Universitaria, was named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2007.). The city has 16 boroughs or demarcaciones territoriales, which are in turn divided into neighborhoods or colonias.
The 2020 population for the city proper was 9,209,944, with a land area of 1,495 square kilometers (577 sq mi). According to the most recent definition agreed upon by the federal and state governments, the population of Greater Mexico City is 21,804,515, which makes it the sixth-largest metropolitan area in the world, the second-largest urban agglomeration in the Western Hemisphere (behind São Paulo, Brazil), and the largest Spanish-speaking city (city proper) in the world. Greater Mexico City has a GDP of $411 billion in 2011, which makes it one of the most productive urban areas in the world. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's GDP, and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of the country's GDP. If it were an independent country in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America.
Mexico City is the oldest capital city in the Americas and one of two founded by Indigenous people. The city was originally built on a group of islands in Lake Texcoco by the Mexica around 1325, under the name Tenochtitlan. It was almost completely destroyed in the 1521 siege of Tenochtitlan and subsequently redesigned and rebuilt in accordance with the Spanish urban standards. In 1524, the municipality of Mexico City was established, known as México Tenochtitlán, and as of 1585, it

Javier Barros Sierra

 from 1955 to 1958. He became Rector on May 5, 1966. During his rectorship, the government and the army entered Ciudad Universitaria, UNAM's main campus. In protest of these actions and the indiscriminate beating of UNAM's students, he resigned his post on September 23, 9 days before the massacre in Tlatelolco. He was reinstated as Rector after the liberation of CU, a post he held until May 5, 1970.

== References ==Javier Barros Sierra (25 February 1915 – 5 May 1971) was a Mexican engineer and rector ofBorn in Mexico city, he studied civil engineering at UNAM. He became president of the student society of the Faculty of Sciences in 1936 and University Counsellor in 1938. He taught for more than 20 years in the Escuela Nacional Preparatoria (a high school of UNAM) and the National School of Engineering (later Faculty of Engineering), of whom he was director from 1955 to 1958. He became Rector on May 5, 1966. During his rectorship, the government and the army entered Ciudad Universitaria, UNAM's main campus. In protest of these actions and the indiscriminate beating of UNAM's students, he resigned his post on September 23, 9 days before the massacre in Tlatelolco. He was reinstated as Rector after the liberation of CU, a post he held until May 5, 1970.JBorn in Mexico city, he studied civil engineering at UNAM. He became president of the student society of the Faculty of Sciences in 1936 and University Counsellor in 1938. He taught for more than 20 years in the Escuela Nacional Preparatoria (a high school of UNAM) and the National School of Engineering (later Faculty of Engineering), of whom he was director from 1955 to 1958. He became Rector on May 5, 1966. During his rectorship, the government and the army entered Ciudad Universitaria, UNAM's main campus. In protest of these actions and the indiscriminate beating of UNAM's students, he resigned his post on September 23, 9 days before the massacre in Tlatelolco. He was reinstated as Rector after the liberation of CU, a post he held until May 5, 1970. UNAM's students, he resigned his post on September 23, 9 days before the massacre in Tlatelolco. He was reinstated as Rector after the liberation of CU, a

Question: What is the global rank of the company where Javier Barros Sierra works?

Question: Javier Barros Sierra >> employer

Answer: UNAM

Question: What worldwide ranking does #1 hold?

Answer: 74th

Answer: 74th

What worldwide ranking does Javier Barros Sierra's employer hold?


Toronto Coach Terminal

 later expanded to nine bus platforms. Its final form consisted of seven bus platforms, accommodating two numbered bus bays each. The building has been listed in the City of Toronto's heritage buildings register since May 19, 1987.

An annex, the Elizabeth Street Terminal located at 130 Elizabeth Street, is located to the west of the main terminal. It was originally built in 1968 and was used for bus charters and sightseeing buses and, beginning in 1970, was a hub for GO Transit bus arrivals and departures. Five diagonal bus bays on its south side were used for departures and the north side of the building opening onto a covered two-lane driveway acting as an unloading area and space for bus layovers and parking.
In 1990, the Elizabeth Street Terminal also began handling arrivals for the main terminal's bus lines with departures leaving from the main coach terminal across the street, which is rather unusual for bus terminals or other passenger transportation infrastructure.
Through the 1990s, GO Transit bus services gradually relocated to Toronto Union Station, first to seven curb-side bus stops along Front Street in front of the railway station, and then to the original Union Station Bus Terminal on Front Street, across Bay Street from the rail terminal. GO's Toronto to Hamilton Express bus route was the last to use the Elizabeth Street Terminal until Labour Day weekend of 2002 when it moved to the original Union Station Bus Terminal on Front Street. After the departure of GO Transit, the Elizabeth Street terminal only handled arrivals for the remaining bus lines.
The bus bays on the south side of the building were decommissioned and the area converted into a Green P paid parking lot. The waiting area and newsstand in the Elizabeth Street Terminal were closed in 2010 with only the bus platform on the north of the building remaining open to the public for bus arrivals. Due to limited space, buses would park overnight along Edward Street and Chestnut Street.
A renovation of the main terminal building occurred in 1990, tripled the main terminal's floor space to 2,500 square metres, creating more seating for waiting passengers (250 seats rather than 100). This was done by demolishing the interior wall separating the main building from the bus bays and replacing it with a glass wall several metres to the west, reducing the space allotted for bus bays. The bus shed is configured into seven lanes, with room for two buses in each lane. The 40-seat lunch counter-style restaurant which had been on the main floor was removed and replaced by an upstairs restaurant and bar seating 150, with railings overlooking main floor enclosed with glass. The restaurant was unable to attract enough passengers to sustain itself and the vendor instead was given space to run a snack bar on the main floor and a passenger lounge and bar in the basement, leaving the upstairs area to be converted to office space. An enclosed pedestrian walkway, with lockers lining the south wall, was built on the south side of the bus shed connecting the main terminal building with Elizabeth Street allowing passengers to walk from the main building to Elizabeth Street, and then cross the street to the Elizabeth terminal, without having to walk through the bus bays in the main terminal. The dispatch office is located along the west wall of the terminal, overlooking the bus bays.
As part of the renovation, a tunnel was built under Bay Street at the cost of CA$4 million connecting the main terminal to the Atrium on Bay and, through it, to Dundas subway station as well as to the PATH network. A newspaper stand was located in the basement along with, over various years, a shoeshine stand (in earlier decades), a travellers' lounge called Kramden's Kafe (after it moved from its original location as the upstairs restaurant) serving snacks and alcohol and equipped with a pool table, and finally a bakery.
In 2012, the coach terminal's board proposed that a new facility be built at the terminal's current location combining the original terminal and the Elizabeth Street annex into one structure that could fit double the current number of bus bays. However, in September 2014 Metrolinx announced plans to relocate its GO Transit Union Station Bus Terminal to a new terminal in the then under-construction CIBC Square office development located at 81 Bay Street and move the bus lines that serviced the coach terminal there. This new terminal opened in December 2020.

Greyhound Canada suspended service in May 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and announced on May 13, 2021, that they were permanently ending Canadian operations. Coach Canada/Megabus relocated to the new Union Station Bus Terminal, effective June 8, 2021. Ontario Northland Motor Coach Services, the last remaining bus line that used the Toronto Coach Terminal, relocated to Union Station effective July 4, 2021, bringing the Toronto Coach Terminal's role as a bus depot to a close after almost 90 years of service.

== Future redevelopment ==
On October 29, 2019, Toronto City Council identified the Bay and Elizabeth Street terminal properties as an asset that is underutilized, "with an opportunity to unlock value and address City needs and City building objectives, such as affordable housing, employment uses and community infrastructure." Despite its age, the structure is only a "listed property" in the City's Heritage Register, offering a 60 day window that the property owner has to notify the City before moving or demolishing the structure.
In April 2022, Toronto City Council approved a plan to redevelop the site into a mixed-income, mixed-use development that includes affordable housing, and a paramedics multi-hub,  and office spaces for the life science and biomedical sectors.
According to Vic Gupta, CEO of CreateTO, the city's real estate arm, "approximately 750 homes could be included in these sites with approximately 250 being affordable homes.”
Create TO announced in November 2022 that it is seeking bids from developers.
In June 2023, CreateTO announced its shortlist of bidders submitting proposals to redevelop 610 Bay Street and 130 Elizabeth Street:

Capital Developments
Hines Canada
Kilmer Group & EllisDon Inc.
MOD Developments
TAS Developments
Tricon Residential
Tridel Group & Woodbourne Capital Management

== Ownership ==
The terminal was originally owned by Gray Coach Lines when it was a Toronto Transit Commission subsidiary. When the TTC sold Gray Coach inThe Toronto Coach Terminal is the central bus station for inter-city services in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located at 610 Bay Street, in the city's Downtown. The terminal is owned by Toronto Coach Terminal Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC). The TTC managed the station directly until July 8, 2012, when it was leased out in its entirety to bus lines Coach Canada and Greyhound Canada for $1.2 million annually. Opened in 1931 as the Gray Coach Terminal, the Art Deco style terminal was home base for Gray Coach, an interurban bus service then owned by the TTC. It replaced an earlier open air terminal, Gray Line Terminal.TheThe Toronto Coach Terminal is the central bus station for inter-city services in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located at 610 Bay Street, in the city's Downtown. The terminal is owned by Toronto Coach Terminal Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC). The TTC managed the station directly until July 8, 2012, when it was leased out in its entirety to bus lines Coach Canada and Greyhound Canada for $1.2 million annually. Opened in 1931 as the Gray Coach Terminal, the Art Deco style terminal was home base for Gray Coach, an interurban bus service then owned by the TTC. It replaced an earlier open air terminal, Gray Line Terminal. leasing a parcel of land at Bay and Edward Streets for an open air coach terminal.

After purchasing the Bay/Edward property, construction on a permanent terminal building began in July 1931. The building officially opened on December 19, 1931 as the Toronto Motor Coach Terminal, to serve as the terminal hub for the Toronto Transit Commission's (TTC) Gray Coach intercity bus service, replacing an open air terminal that had operated at the same location. Known as the Gray Coach Terminal until 1990, the Art Deco building is a two-storey historic building with Travertine limestone. Designed by architect Charles B. Dolphin it was originally built with five platforms (four departure and one arrival platform) and later expanded to nine bus platforms. Its final form consisted of seven bus platforms, accommodating two numbered bus bays each. The building has been listed in the City of Toronto's heritage buildings register since May 19, 1987.

An annex, the Elizabeth Street Terminal located at 130 Elizabeth Street, is located to the west of the main terminal. It was originally built in 196

Never Too Loud

:31
"Let's Get Undressed" – 3:07
"King of Magazines" – 3:18
"Forest for the Trees" (featuring John Garcia (Kyuss, Hermano) and Pete Stahl (Scream, Wool, Goatsnake) – 6:06
"Your Tears, My Smile" – 3:31
"Something Better" – 3:04
"Ravenous" – 3:11
"Never Too Loud" – 3:02
"You Ruin the Day" (digipak bonus track) – 3:24
"Sugar High" (digipak bonus track) – 3:37
"RIP RFTC" (iTunes bonus track) – 2:24

== Personnel ==
Recorded at Studio 606 in Los Angeles, California
Produced by Nick Raskulinecz
Mastered by Ted Jensen at Sterling Sound
Art direction by Morgan Alfredsson
All songs written and performed by Danko Jones
Publishing by Danko Jones,Never Too Loud is the fourth studio album by Canadian hard rock band Danko Jones. It was recorded at Studio 606 in Los Angeles, with the Grammy Award winning record producer Nick Raskulinecz.

Danko Jones

Danko Jones is a Canadian rock trio from Toronto, Ontario. The band consists of Danko Jones (vocals/guitar), John 'JC' Calabrese (bass guitar) and Rich Knox (drums). The band's rock music includes elements of punk and they are known for their humorous lyrics and energetic live shows.

Question: In the city that birthed the band behind the album Never Too Loud, from what location do the Greyhound buses depart?

Question: Never Too Loud >> performer

Answer: Danko Jones

Question: What city was #1 formed in?

Answer: Toronto

Question: where do greyhound buses leave from in #2

Answer: Toronto Coach Terminal

Answer: Toronto Coach Terminal

Where do Greyhound buses leave from in the city where the band that recorded the album Never Too Loud formed?


Mach bands

 is performed in the retina itself, by lateral inhibition among its neurons. This conjecture is supported by observations on other (non-visual) senses, as pointed out by von Békésy. The visual pattern is often found onMach bands is an optical illusion named after the physicist Ernst Mach. It exaggerates the contrast between edges of the slightly differing shades of gray, as soon as they contact one another, by triggering edge-detection in the human visual system.MMach bands is an optical illusion named after the physicist Ernst Mach. It exaggerates the contrast between edges of the slightly differing shades of gray, as soon as they contact one another, by triggering edge-detection in the human visual system.== Explanation ==
The Mach bands effect is due to the spatial high-boost filtering performed by the human visual system on the luminance channel of the image captured by the retina. Mach reported the effect in 1865, conjecturing that filtering is performed in the retina itself, by lateral inhibition among its neurons. This conjecture is supported by observations on other (non-visual) senses, as pointed out by von Békésy. The visual pattern is often found onMach bands is an optical illusion named after the physicist Ernst Mach. It exaggerates the contrast between edges of the slightly differing shades of gray, as soon as they contact one another, by triggering edge-detection in the human visual system.Mach bands is an optical illusion named after the physicist Ernst Mach. It exaggerates the contrast between edges of the slightly differing shades of gray, as soon as they contact one another, by triggering edge-detection in the human visual system.

== Explanation ==
The Mach bands effect is due to the spatial high-boost filtering performed by the human visual system on the luminance channel of the image captured by the retina. Mach reported the effect in 1865, conjecturing that filtering is performed in the retina itself, by lateral inhibition among its neurons. This conjecture is supported by observations on other (non-visual) senses, as pointed out by von Békésy. The visual pattern is often found on curved surfaces subject to a particular, naturally-occurring illumination, so the occurrence of filtering can be explained as the result of learnt image statistics. The effect of filtering can be modeled as a convolution between a trapezoidal function that describes the illumination and one or more bandpass filters. A tight approximation is obtained by a model employing 9 even-symmetric filters scaled at octave intervals.
The effect is independent of the orientation of the boundary.

== In radiology ==

This visual phenomenon is important to keep in mind when evaluating dental radiographs for evidence of decay, in which grayscale images of teeth and bone are analyzed for abnormal variances of density. A false-positive radiological diagnosis of dental caries can easily arise if the practitioner does not take into account the likelihood of this illusion. Mach bands manifest adjacent to metal restorations or appliances and the boundary between enamel and dentin. Mach bands may also result in the misdiagnosis of horizontal root fractures because of the differing radiographic intensities of tooth and bone.
Mach effect can also lead to an erroneous diagnosis of pneumothorax by creating a dark line at the lung periphery (whereas a true pneumothorax will have a white pleural line).

== In computer graphics ==

Mach bands can also appear when there is a discontinuity in the derivative of a gradient, a visual effect common when intensities are linearly interpolated such as in Gouraud shading.
Computer image processing systems use edge-detection in a way analogous to the brain, using unsharp masking to clarify edges in photos for example.

== See also ==
Acutance
Cornsweet illusion
Hermann grid illusion
Lateral inhibition
Optical illusions
Watercolour illusion
Gibbs phenomenon

== References ==

== Further reading ==
Lotto RB, Williams SM, Purves D (1999). "Mach bands as empirically derived associations". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 96 (9): 5245–50. Bibcode:1999PNAS...96.5245L. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.9.5245. PMC 21849. PMID 10220451.
Eagleman, DM (2001) "Visual Illusions and Neurobiology." Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 2(12): 920–6.

== External links ==

Demonstration of the Mach band was at NIST until July 2016
Mach Band figure and explanatory hypothesis, Laboratory of Dale PurvesMach bands is an optical illusion named after the physicist Ernst Mach. It exaggerates the contrast between edges of the slightly differing shades of gray, as soon as they contact one another, by triggering edge-detection in the human visual system.

== Explanation ==
The Mach bands effect is due to the spatial high-boost filtering performed by the human visual system on the luminance channel of the image captured by the retina. Mach reported the effect in 1865, conjecturing that filtering is performed in the retina itself, by lateral inhibition among its neurons. This conjecture is supported by observations on

Vinko Dvořák

 Dvořák acoustic repulsion, and the Dvořák circuit. His work on acoustic radiometers coincided with that of Lord Rayleigh.
He was the dean of the Faculty of Philosophy in 1881/82 and again in 1891/92 and the rector of the University of Zagreb in 1893/94.
Professor Dvorak made constant advancements in physics experimentation at the Faculty—in 1896 he obtained a Röntgen radiation device just six months after it was discovered.
He became a member of the Academy of Sciences and Arts in 1883 (associate) and 1887 (full member). He was also an associate member of the Czech Academy of Franz Joseph I, a member of the Société francaise de physique (French Physics Society) and the Paris Société internationale des électriciens, and a member of the Royal Czech Society of Sciences in Prague.
Dvořák retired in 1911.

== References ==Vinko Dvořák (January 21, 1848 – May 6, 1922) was a Czech-Croatian physicist, professor and academician.
He studied mathematics and physics at the Charles University in Prague, and after graduating he became an assistant to professor Ernst Mach. After obtaining his doctorate in Prague in 1873/1874 he came to Zagreb (at the time also part of Austria-Hungary) and founded the Physics Cabinet at the Faculty of Philosophy in 1875.
Dvořák made many important discoveries in the field of experimental acoustics and optics, which are known as the Dvořák-Rayleigh current, the Dvořák acoustic repulsion, and the Dvořák circuit. His work on acoustic radiometers coincided with that of Lord Rayleigh.
He was the dean of the Faculty of Philosophy in 1881/82 and again in 1891/92 and the rector of the University of Zagreb in 1893/94.
Professor Dvorak made constant advancements in physics experimentation at the Faculty—in 1896 he obtained a Röntgen radiation device just six months after it was discovered.
He became a member of the Academy of Sciences and Arts in 1883 (associate) and 1887 (full member). He was also an associate member of the Czech Academy of Franz Joseph I, a member of the Société francaise de physique (French Physics Society) and the Paris Société internationale des électriciens, and a member of the Royal Czech Society of Sciences in Prague.
Dvořák retired in 1911.

== References ==Vinko Dvořák (January 21, 1848 – May 6, 1922) was a Czech-Croatian physicist, professor and academician.
He studied mathematics and physics at the Charles University in Prague, and after graduating he became an assistant to professor Ernst Mach. After obtaining his doctorate in Prague in 1873/1874 he came to Zagreb (at the time also part of Austria-Hungary) and founded the Physics Cabinet at the Faculty of Philosophy in 1875.
Dvořák made many important discoveries in the field of experimental acoustics and optics, which are known as the Dvořák-Rayleigh current, the Dvořák acoustic repulsion, and the Dvořák circuit. His work on acoustic radiometers coincided with that of Lord Rayleigh.
He was the dean of the Faculty of Philosophy in 1881/82 and again in 1891/92 and the rector of the University of Zagreb in 1893/94.
Professor Dvorak made constant advancements in physics experimentation at the Faculty—in 1896 he obtained a Röntgen radiation device just six months after it was discovered.
He became a member of the Academy of Sciences and Arts in 1883 (associate) and 1887 (full member). He was also an associate member of the Czech Academy of Franz Joseph I, a member of the Société francaise de physique (French Physics Society) and the Paris Société internationale des électriciens, and a member of the Royal Czech Society of Sciences in Prague.
Dvořák retired in 1911.

== References ==Vinko Dvořák (January 21, 1848 – May 6, 1922) was a Czech-Croatian physicist, professor and academician.
He studied mathematicsHe studied mathematics and physics at the Charles University in Prague, and after graduating he became an assistant to professor Ernst Mach. After obtaining his doctorate in Prague in 1873/1874 he came to Zagreb (at the time also part of Austria-Hungary) and founded the Physics Cabinet at the Faculty of Philosophy in 1875.1873/1874 he came to Zagreb (at the time also part of Austria-Hungary) and founded the Physics Cabinet at the Faculty of Philosophy in 1875.
Dvořák made many important discoveries in the field of experimental acoustics and optics, which are known as the Dvořák-Rayleigh current, the Dvořák acoustic repulsion, and the Dvořák circuit. His work on acoustic radiometers coincided with that of Lord Rayleigh.
He was the dean of the Faculty of Philosophy in 1881/82 and again in 1891/92 and the rector of the University of Zagreb in 1893/94.
Professor Dvorak made constant advancements in physics experimentation at the Faculty—in 1896 he obtained a Röntgen radiation device just six months after it was discovered.
He became a member of the Academy of Sciences and Arts in 1883 (associate) and 1887 (full member). He was also an associate member of the Czech Academy of Franz Joseph I, a member of the Société francaise de physique (French Physics Society) and the Paris Société internationale des électriciens, and a member of the Royal Czech Society of Sciences in Prague.
Dvořák retired in 1911.

== References ==Vinko Dvořák (January 21, 1848 – May 6, 1922) was a Czech-Croatian physicist

Question: Who was the employer university of the individual after whom the Mach bands are named?

Question: Whom is Mach bands named after?

Answer: Ernst Mach

Question: #1 >> employer

Answer: Charles University

Answer: Charles University

Which university employed the person that Mach bands are named after?


Lancaster Crossing

 established the San Antonio-El Paso Road in 1849 used the ford and established a ferry a mile upstream of the ford at Pecos Crossing, at a site that was used off and on for decades.  This first ferry was described by Robert A. Eccleston, a civilian forty-niner travelling with that expedition on his way to California:

When I first came up I supposed the Army encampment to be on this side (east) of the river, when I was surprised by finding the River Pecos ... running close to our wagon.  Were it not for the road that is cut through the bank and the tall grass that is flattened, you would be unable to discover that a river flowed here until within one or two feet of it. Not a solitary tree or clump of brush marks its course.  The river is about 70 feet wide where the ferry boat crossed it.  It is uniformly wide, generally, & the water of the color of prepared cacoa without milk.  Its depth here is about 10 ft.; the banks are perpendicular.  The water is not as unpalatable as was reported. It tastes a little saltish, but when cleared by the aid of a prickly pear, ..., it is quite drinkable.  The horses & cattle seem very fond of it.
Eccleston says they crossed their wagons, draught animals and horses on the ferry with the river running 6 miles an hour, and sent their herd of cattle to swim across the river a mile down at the ford. He also mentions that some cattle swimming across the river at the ferry had to be hauled by ropes up the steep banks on the other side if they missed landing at the cut in the bank on the other side.
Today the ford lies just south of the Texas State Highway 290 bridge, which crosses the Pecos River southeast of Sheffield.

== References ==

== External links ==
Sheffield Pecos River BridgeLancaster Crossing, also known as Indian Ford, Pecos Crossing, Solomon's Ford, Crossing of the Pecos, Crossing Rio Pecos, Ferry of the Pecos, and Ford Canyon Crossing, is an historic ford and ferry on the Pecos River, between Crockett County and Pecos County just southeast of Sheffield, Texas. Named after nearby Fort Lancaster, it is one of the few natural fords on the Pecos River, otherwise known for its steep banks that made crossing difficult.

== History ==
Lancaster Crossing formed where an arroyo on the west side of the river washed out rock and gravel from a canyon in the mountains, creating low banks and a wide shallow river bottom. It was first used by the Native Americans of West Texas who crossed the Pecos on their way to and from raids on Mexico, discarding items taken from their captives at the site, giving it its early name of "Indian Ford."
The U. S. Army survey expedition of Lieutenant Colonel Joseph E. Johnston that established the San Antonio-El Paso Road in 1849 used the ford and established a ferry a mile upstream of the ford at Pecos Crossing, at a site that was used off and on for decades.  This first ferry was described by Robert A. Eccleston, a civilian forty-niner travelling with that expedition on his way to California:

When I first came up I supposed the Army encampment to be on this side (east) of the river, when I was surprised by finding the River Pecos ... running close to our wagon.  Were it not for the road that is cut through the bank andLancaster Crossing, also known as Indian Ford, Pecos Crossing, Solomon's Ford, Crossing of the Pecos, Crossing Rio Pecos, Ferry of the Pecos, and Ford Canyon Crossing, is an historic ford and ferry on the Pecos River, between Crockett County and Pecos County just southeast of Sheffield, Texas. Named after nearby Fort Lancaster, it is one of the few natural fords on the Pecos River, otherwise known for its steep banks that made crossing difficult.LLancaster Crossing, also known as Indian Ford, Pecos Crossing, Solomon's Ford, Crossing of the Pecos, Crossing Rio Pecos, Ferry of the Pecos, and Ford Canyon Crossing, is an historic ford and ferry on the Pecos River, between Crockett County and Pecos County just southeast of Sheffield, Texas. Named after nearby Fort Lancaster, it is one of the few natural fords on the Pecos River, otherwise known for its steep banks that made crossing difficult.== History ==
Lancaster Crossing formed where an arroyo on the west side of the river washed out rock and gravel from a canyon in the mountains, creating low banks and a wide shallow river bottom. It was first used by the Native Americans of West Texas who crossed the Pecos on their way to and from raids on Mexico, discarding items taken from their captives at the

Imperial, Texas

). It is situated at the intersection of Farm Roads 11 and 1053, four miles south of the Pecos River and approximately 30 miles northeast of Fort Stockton in northern Pecos County.
AccordingImperial is a census-designated place (CDP) in Pecos County, Texas, United States. The population was 278 at the 2010 census.ImImperial is a census-designated place (CDP) in Pecos County, Texas, United States. The population was 278 at the 2010 census.== Geography ==
Imperial is located at 31°16′19″N 102°41′45″W (31.271968, -102.695799). It is situated at the intersection of Farm Roads 11 and 1053, four miles south of the Pecos River and approximately 30 miles northeast of Fort Stockton in northern Pecos County.
AccordingImperial is a census-designated place (CDP) in Pecos County, Texas, United States. The population was 278 at the 2010 census.Imperial is a census-designated place (CDP) in Pecos County, Texas, United States. The population was 294 at the 2020 census.

== Geography ==
Imperial is located at 31°16′19″N 102°41′45″W (31.271968, -102.695799). It is situated at the intersection of Farm Roads 11 and 1053, four miles south of the Pecos River and approximately 30 miles northeast of Fort Stockton in northern Pecos County.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 4.2 square miles (11 km2), all  land.

== History ==
The community was settled in the early 1900s. The site was originally known as Redlands from 1908 to around 1910, when it was renamed after California's Imperial Valley.  A post office and school were opened in 1910 and a townsite was laid out on land owned by Benjamin E. Bush one year later. Water from the Pecos River was diverted and a small dam was built west of the community. An irrigation canal was constructed through Imperial in an attempt to attract new residents, but the area's water had a high salt content, which made farming unproductive. The population was approximately 25 in the mid-1920s, but had increased tenfold by 1949. Imperial's population approached 1,000 by the late 1960s with twenty-six businesses operating in the community. The number of inhabitants continued to decline during the latter half of the twentieth century.

== Demographics ==

As of the census of 2000, there were 428 people, 156 households, and 126 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 101.1 inhabitants per square mile (39.0/km2). There were 245 housing units at an average density of 57.9 per square mile (22.4/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 79.21% White, 0.23% African American, 0.93% Native American, 1.40% Asian, 14.02% from other races, and 4.21% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 36.92% of the population.
There were 156 households, out of which 34.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.6% were married couples living together, 7.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.6% were non-families. 18.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.74 and the average family size was 3.09.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 28.7% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 22.0% from 25 to 44, 27.1% from 45 to 64, and 14.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 117.9 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $24,375, and the median income for a family was $28,333. Males had a median income of $35,938 versus $20,938 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $16,464. About 18.5% of families and

Question: Which neighboring county shares a boundary with the county that is home to Imperial?

Question: Imperial >> located in the administrative territorial entity

Answer: Pecos County

Question: #1 >> shares border with

Answer: Crockett County

Answer: Crockett County

What other county does the county where Imperial is located share a border with?


Zone 5 Military Museum, Danang

 equipment; a military museum; a reproduction of Ho Chi Minh's house in Hanoi; and a Ho Chi Minh Museum.

=== Outdoor display ===
Items on display:

100 mm field gun M1944 (BS-3) produced in Soviet Union
Cessna A-37 Dragonfly 10793 light aircraft captured at Da Nang Air Base on March 29, 1975 and later used in the Bombing of Tan Son Nhut Air Base
BLU-82 "Daisy Cutter" bomb recovered from An Lão District in 2006
Soviet-built Bulldozers (2)
Cessna O-1 Bird Dog 042 captured in 1975 and subsequently used in the early stages of the Cambodian–Vietnamese War
M8 Greyhound armoured car captured from Groupe Mobile 100 in the Battle of Mang Yang Pass
M-46 130mm towed field gun
M41 tank used by the ARVN 14th Armored Cavalry Regiment and captured at Tân Cảnh during the Battle of Kontum in May 1972
M48A3 Patton tank used by the ARVN 1st Cavalry Brigade and captured at Da Nang on March 29, 1975
M101 howitzer (2) captured in Bình Định Province in 1972
M102 howitzer captured in April 1975
M107 self-propelled gun captured at Da Nang in March 1975
M113 armored personnel carrier captured in 1975 and subsequently used in the Cambodian–Vietnamese War
M114 155 mm howitzer captured in 1954 in the Battle of Mang Yang Pass
M1938 122mm howitzer used by People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) Brigade 52 to attack the ARVN base in Minh Long District in 1974
M1939 37mm anti-aircraft gun used by PAVN Regiment 573 it apparently shot down an A-37 in Tiên Phước District on 17 March 1975
M1943 160mm mortar used by PAVN Regiment 576 to attack the ARVN base in Minh Long District in 1974
M578 Light Recovery Vehicle captured in 1975
MiG-21 5114 of the VPAF 931st Regiment used by Nguyen Van Nghia to shoot down a US McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II over Bac Thai in 1972
MiG-21 5127 of the VPAF 931st Regiment used by Le Khuong
P-15 Termit antiship missile
QF 3.7-inch mountain howitzer captured from the French in Bình Thuận Province in 1953
SA-2 Guideline SAM, used by Regiment 275, Air Defence Division 375
T34/85 tank used in Operation Lam Son 719
Toyota pickup mounting a recoilless rifle captured in the Cambodian-Vietnamese War
Bell UH-1 Iroquois helicopter 69-15130 captured in 1975 and subsequently used in the Cambodian–Vietnamese War
ZIL-157 general purpose truck

=== Military Museum ===
Displays include:

Memorials to Ho Chi Minh and Võ Nguyên Giáp
Memorials to theThe Zone 5 Military Museum (Bao Tang Khu 5) is a military museum located at 3 Duy Tân, Da Nang, Vietnam. It covers all Vietnamese resistance to foreign occupation from the Chinese occupation, the First Indochina War with the French, the Vietnam War and the current standoff with China over the Spratly Islands and the Paracel Islands..
The Museum's opening hours are from 07:30 to 10:30 and from 13:30 to 16:30 daily except Monday. Admission is free for Vietnamese and VND 60,000 for non-Vietnamese

South Central Coast

 Nang. Tourism also benefits from Cham cultural heritage, including architecture, performances, and museums. It is generally much less industrialized and developed than the region around Ho Chi Minh City or the Red River Delta, but it has some regional industrial centersSouth Central Coast (Vietnamese: Duyên hải Nam Trung Bộ) is one of the regions of Vietnam. It consists of the independent municipality of Đà Nẵng and seven other provinces. The two southern provinces Ninh Thuận and Bình Thuận are sometimes seen as part of the Southeast region.The Paracel Islands (Hoàng Sa District), and Spratly Islands (Trường Sa District), are also part of this region. include Central Highlands (picture 2). Nevertheless, the term "South Central Region" can also be used to include Central Highlands as it is part of southern part of Central Vietnam.
The region has traditionally been one of the main gateways to neighbouring Central Highlands. It has a complex geography with mountain ranges extending up to the coast, making transport and infrastructure development

Phú Lương (mountain)

aggerPhu Luong is a mountain in Vietnam. It has an elevation of 2,985 metres (9,793 ft) above sea level. With a topographic prominence of 1,930 metres (6,332 ft) it is the fourth most prominent peak in Indochina (comprising Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia). PhuPhu Luong is a mountain in Vietnam. It has an elevation of above sea level. With a topographic prominence of it is the fourth most prominent peak in Indochina (comprising Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia). Phu Luong is located within the Sơn La Province of Vietnam. Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia). Phu Luong is located within the Yên Bái province of Vietnam.

== See also ==
List of Southeast Asian mountains
List of Ultras of Southeast Asia

== References ==

== External links ==
"Phu Luong, Vietnam" on PeakbaggerPhu Luong is a mountain in Vietnam. It has an elevation of 2,985 metres (9,793 ft) above sea level. With a topographic prominence of 1,930 metres (6,332 ft) it is the fourth most prominent peak in Indochina (comprising Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia). Phu Luong is located within the Yên Bái province of Vietnam.

== See also ==
List of Southeast Asian mountains
List of Ultras of Southeast Asia

== References ==

== External links ==
"Phu Luong, Vietnam" on PeakbaggerPhu Luong is a mountain in Vietnam. It has an elevation of 2,985 metres (9,793 ft) above sea level. With a topographic prominence of 1,930 metres (6,332 ft) it is the fourth most prominent peak in Indochina (comprising Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia). Phu Luong is located within the Yên Bái province of Vietnam.

== See also ==
List of Southeast Asian mountains
List of Ultras of Southeast Asia

== References ==

== External links ==
"Phu Luong, Vietnam" on PeakbaggerPhuPhu Luong is a mountain in Vietnam. It has an elevation of above sea level. With a topographic prominence of it is the fourth most prominent peak in Indochina (comprising Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia). Phu Luong is located within the Sơn La Province of Vietnam.Phu Luong is a mountain in Vietnam. It has an elevation of 2,985 metres (9,793 ft) above sea level. With a topographic prominence of 1,930 metres (6,332 ft) it is the fourth most prominent peak in Indochina (comprising Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia). Phu Luong is located within the Yên Bái province of Vietnam.

== See also ==
List of Southeast Asian mountains
List of Ultras of Southeast Asia

== References ==

== External links ==
"

Question: In which area of the country, which includes Phu Luong, can one find the city that houses the Zone 5 Military Museum?

Question: Phu Luong >> country

Answer: Vietnam

Question: Zone 5 Military Museum >> located in the administrative territorial entity

Answer: Da Nang

Question: In what region of #1 is #2 located?

Answer: South Central Coast

Answer: South Central Coast

In what region of the country that contains Phu Luong, is the city that has the Zone 5 Military Museum located?


2004 United States presidential election

strengthening what had come to be seen as a weak and troubled campaign. In the days after, coverage focused on Bush's apparent annoyance with Kerry and numerous scowls and negative facial expressions.The first debate was held on September 30 at the University of Miami, moderated by Jim Lehrer of PBS. During the debate, slated to focus on foreign policy, Kerry accused Bush of having failed to gain international support for the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, saying the only countries assisting the U.S. during the invasion were the United Kingdom and Australia. Bush replied to this by saying, "Well, actually, he forgot Poland." Later, a consensus formed among mainstream pollsters and pundits that Kerry won the debate decisively, strengthening what had come to be seen as a weak and troubled campaign. In the days after, coverage focused on Bush's apparent annoyance with Kerry and numerous scowls and negative facial expressions.The first debate was held on September 30 at the University of Miami, moderated by Jim Lehrer of PBS. During the debate, slated to focus on foreign policy, Kerry accused Bush of having failed to gain international support for the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, saying the only countries assisting the U.S. during the invasion were the United Kingdom and Australia. Bush replied to this by saying, "Well, actually, he forgot Poland." Later, a consensus formed among mainstream pollsters and pundits that Kerry won the debate decisively, strengthening what had come to be seen as a weak and troubled campaign. In the days after, coverage focused on Bush's apparent annoyance with Kerry and numerous scowls and negativeIn March's Super Tuesday, Kerry won decisive victories in the California, Connecticut, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New York, Ohio, and Rhode Island primaries and the Minnesota caucuses. Dean, despite having withdrawn from the race two weeks earlier, won his home state of Vermont. Edwards finished only slightly behind Kerry in Georgia, but, failing to win a single state other than South Carolina, chose to withdraw from the presidential race. Sharpton followed suit a couple weeks later. Kuninch did not leave the race officially until July.The first debate was held on September 30 at the University of Miami, moderated by Jim Lehrer of PBS. During the debate, slated to focus on foreign policy, Kerry accused Bush of having failed to gain international support for the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, saying the only countries assisting the U.S. during the invasion were the United Kingdom and Australia. Bush replied to this by saying, "Well, actually, he forgot Poland." Later, a consensus formed among mainstream pollsters and pundits that Kerry won the debate decisively, strengthening what had come to be seen as a weak and troubled campaign. In the days after, coverage focused on Bush

Clemson–South Carolina rivalry

 campuses are separated by only 132 miles. South Carolina and Clemson have been bitter rivals since 1896, and a heated rivalry continues to this day for a variety of reasons, including the historic tensions regarding their respective charters and the passions surrounding their athletic programs. It has often been listed as one of the best rivalries in college sports.
Much like the Alabama–Auburn rivalry, the Clemson–Carolina rivalry is an in-state collegiate rivalry. However, unlike Alabama–Auburn, this is one of a handful of rivalries where the teams are in different premier conferences: South Carolina is in the Southeastern Conference (SEC);College comparison Clemson University University of South Carolina Location Clemson Columbia Students 23,406 34,618 School colors Clemson Orange and Regalia Garnet and Black Nickname Tigers Gamecocks Mascot The Tiger and The Tiger Cub Cocky National Championships 5 10 which consists of more than a dozen athletic, head-to-head matchups each school year. South Carolina leads the all-sport series 5–1, after Clemson won the 2023–24 series. Both institutions are public universities supported by the state, and their campuses are separated by only 132 miles. South Carolina and Clemson have been bitter rivals since 1896, and a heated rivalry continues to this day for a variety of reasons, including the historic tensions regarding their respective charters and the passions surrounding their athletic programs. It has often been listed as one of the best rivalries in college sports.
Much like the Alabama–Auburn rivalry, the Clemson–Carolina rivalry is an in-state collegiate rivalry. However, unlike Alabama–Auburn, this is one of a handful of rivalries where the teams are in different premier conferences: South Carolina is in the Southeastern Conference (SEC); Clemson is in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC).
The annual football game is considered the most important sporting event in the state. It was played first in 1896 and every year from 1909 to 2019, one of the longest uninterrupted rivalries in college football history. Until 1959, the game was played during the State Fair in Columbia, on "Big Thursday", a state holiday. Since 1960, the two schools have alternated hosting on Saturdays. In 2014, the annual football game was officially dubbed the Palmetto Bowl. As a result of the global COVID-19 pandemic, the 202

North Point Mall

 numerous distinctive historical elements and a more elaborate design to pay tribute to its lost flagship store in downtown Atlanta, which had closed only two years earlier. Though it became a Macy's in 2005, the outside of the store retains the elaborate sculptings of the original store.
Dillard's filled the sixth pad on the southwest side of the mall as their first Atlanta location (this was likewise done at Pembroke Lakes a year before) along with a parking deck in 1996. As Mervyn's left the following year, their space was filled by Parisian, which had 4 other area stores and made the mall more upscale. With the exception of Lord & Taylor, the mall had the same anchor lineup as The Mall at Stonecrest, which opened in 2001.
The mall was renovated in 2003, when the interior was modernized to introduce more sitting areas, and again in 2004, when an escalator was moved from the East Court near Starbucks to the Sears wing of the mall. In 2019, many of the mall's interior atriums were modernized with new sitting areas and flooring. This also included the additionNorth Point Mall is a shopping mall, located in Alpharetta, Georgia (an affluent suburb of Atlanta). The mall opened on October 20, 1993 as one of the largest shopping malls in the country. The mall was the second final property built by Homart Development Company. As of 2018, North Point Mall is one of Atlanta's most popular malls.North Point Mall is a shopping mall, located in Alpharetta, Georgia (an affluent suburb of Atlanta). The mall opened on October 20, 1993 as one of the largest shopping malls in the country. The mall was the second final property built by Homart Development Company. As of 2018, North Point Mall is one of Atlanta's most popular malls.

Fort Hill (Clemson, South Carolina)

Fort Hill, also known as the John C. Calhoun Mansion and Library, is a National Historic Landmark on the Clemson University campus in Clemson, South Carolina. The house is significant as the home from 1825-50 of John C. Calhoun, a leading national politician of the period, and is now a museum and library maintained in his memory. 7th Vice President of the United States.
Clemson University was established on the Fort Hill plantation site in 1889, and in accordance with the terms of its inheritance, has maintained the house and its immediate parcel as a museum and library — all that remains of what originally was an approximately 1,000 acre plantation estate.

== History ==

The house was originally built as a four-room house about 1803 and

Question: Which of these two institutions has more national titles - the state university situated in a state without North Point Mall and where Edwards emerged victorious in the primary, or the university located in the town of Fort Hill?

Question: In which state is North Point Mall located?

Answer: Georgia

Question: Besides #1 , what other state primary did Edwards win?

Answer: South Carolina

Question: Fort Hill >> located in the administrative territorial entity

Answer: Clemson

Question: who has more national championships #3 or #2

Answer: University of South Carolina

Answer: University of South Carolina

Between the state university in the state without North Point Mall and where Edwards won the primary and the university in Fort Hill's town which has the more national championships?


Tucson, Arizona

, Catalina and Oracle to the north, and Green Valley to the south.
Tucson was founded as a military fort by the Spanish when Hugo O'Conor authorized the construction of Presidio San Agustín del Tucsón in 1775. It was included in the state of Sonora after Mexico gained independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821. The United States acquired a 29,670 square miles (76,840 km2) region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico from Mexico under the Gadsden Purchase in 1853. Tucson served as the capital of the Arizona Territory from 1867 to 1877. Tucson was Arizona's largest city by population during the territorial period and early statehood, until it was surpassed by Phoenix by 1920. Nevertheless, its population growth remained strong during the late 20th century. Tucson was the first American city to be designated a "City of Gastronomy" by UNESCO in 2015.
The Spanish name of the city, Tucsón (Spanish pronunciation: [tu����son]), is derived from the O'odham Cuk ���on (Uto-Aztecan pronunciation: [t����k ������n]). Cuk is a stative verb meaning "(be) black, (be) dark". ���on is (in this usage) a noun referring to the base or foundation of something. The name is commonly translated into English as "the base [of the hill] is black", a reference to a basalt-covered hill now known as Sentinel Peak. Tucson is sometimes referred to as the Old Pueblo and Optics Valley, the latter referring to its optical science and telescopes known worldwide.

== History ==

The Tucson area was probably first visited by Paleo-Indians, who were known to have been in southern Arizona about 12,000 years ago. Recent archaeological excavations near the Santa Cruz River found a village site dating from 2100 BC. The floodplainTracks include Tucson Raceway Park and Rillito Downs. Tucson Raceway Park hosts NASCAR-sanctioned auto racing events and is one of only two asphalt short tracks in Arizona. Rillito Downs is an in-town destination on weekends in January and February each year. This historic track held the first organized quarter horse races in the world, and they are still racing there. The racetrack is threatened by development. The Moltacqua racetrack, was another historic horse racetrack located on what is now Sabino Canyon Road and Vactor Ranch Trail, but it no longer exists. (174 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (100 km) north of the United States–Mexico border.
Major incorporated suburbs of Tucson include Oro Valley and Marana northwest of the city, Sahuarita south of the city, and South Tucson in an enclave south of downtown. Communities in the vicinity of Tucson (some within or overlapping the city limits) include Casas Adobes, Catalina Foothills, Flowing Wells, Midvale Park, Tanque Verde, Tortolita, and Vail. Towns outside the Tucson metropolitan area include Three Points, Benson to the southeast, Catalina and Oracle to the north, and Green Valley to the south.
Tucson was founded as a military fort by the Spanish when Hugo O'Conor authorized the construction of Presidio San Agustín del Tucsón in 1775. It was included in the state of Sonora after Mexico gained independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821. The United States acquired a 29,670 square miles (76,840 km2) region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico from Mexico under the Gadsden Purchase in 1853. Tucson served as the capital of the Arizona Territory from 1867 to 1877

Allen, Arizona

 on the east. When American settlers began flocking to Quijotoa, General Brackett was among them who decided he wanted to build a hotel. So, Allen's hotel was built six miles (9.7 km) from Quijotoa and the town of Allen sprang up around it. The hotel, according to sources, served the best liquors in the territory and was also one of the more luxurious hotels on the frontier. The small settlement had the hotel, a half dozen houses, a few tents and a post office established in 1880. Allen no longer had a post office in 1886.
Allen's population was 180 in 1890.

== See also ==
List of ghost towns in Arizona

== References ==Allen, also known as Allen City is a ghost town in Pima County in southern Arizona. It was founded fifty miles (80.5 km) southeast of Ajo, c. 1880. By 1886, the post office closed and the town has been abandoned since.

== History ==
Allen was founded by John Brackett Allen, he named his town after himself. The town was near Quijotoa, Allen is on the western side of the Ben Nevis Mountain and QuijotoAllen, also known as Allen City is a ghost town in Pima County in southern Arizona. It was founded fifty miles southeast of Ajo, c. 1880. By 1886, the post office closed and the town has been abandoned since. town has been abandoned since.

== History ==
Allen was founded by John Brackett Allen, he named his town after himself. The town was near Quijotoa, Allen is on the western side of the Ben Nevis Mountain and Quijotoa is on the east. When American settlers began flocking to Quijotoa, General Brackett was among them who decided he wanted to build a hotel. So, Allen's hotel was built six miles (9.7 km) from Quijotoa and the town of Allen sprang up around it. The hotel, according to sources, served the best liquors in the territory and was also one of the more luxurious hotels on the frontier. The small settlement had the hotel, a half dozen houses, a few tents and a post office established in 1880. Allen no longer had a post office in 1886.
Allen's population was 180 in 1890.

== See also ==
List of ghost towns in Arizona

== References ==Allen, also known as Allen City is a ghost town in Pima County in southern Arizona. It was founded fifty miles (80.5 km) southeast of Ajo, c. 1880. By 1886, the post office closed and the town has been abandoned since.

== History ==
Allen was founded by John Brackett Allen, he named his town after himself. The town was near Quijotoa, Allen is on the western side of the Ben Nevis Mountain and Quijotoa is on the east. When American settlers began flocking to Quijotoa, General Brackett was among them who decided

 and services."

== Parks ==
NRPR manages 51 parks with the majority located in or near Tucson. Ajo's parks include Ajo Regional Park, E.S. Bud Walker Park, Forrest Rickard Park, and Palo Verde II Park. Green Valley's parks include Canoa Preserve Park and Canoa Ranch.

=== Tucson Region ===

== River Parks and Greenways ==
The Loop (metro river park system)
Cañada del Oro River Park
Harrison Greenway
Julian Wash Greenway
Pantano River Park
Rillito River Park
Santa Cruz River Park

== Trailheads ==
36th Street Trailhead
Abrego Trailhead
Agua Caliente Hill South Trailhead
Avenida de Suzenu Trailhead
Bear Canyon Trailhead
Camino de Oeste Trailhead
Campbell TrailheadCentral Arizona Project Trailhead
Colossal Cave Road Trailhead
David Yetman West Trailhead
El Camino del Cerro Trailhead
Explorer Trailhead
Gabe Zimmerman Davidson Canyon Trailhead
Gates Pass Trailhead
Iris Dewhirst Pima Canyon Trailhead
King Canyon Trailhead
Richard Genser Starr Pass Trailhead
Richard McKee Finger Rock Trailhead
Sarasota Trailhead
Sweetwater Preserve Trailhead
Ventana Canyon Trailhead

== Community Centers ==
The NRPR has 13 community centers:

Ajo Community Center
Arivaca Community Center
Catalina Community Center
Centro Del Sur Community Center and Boxing Gym
Continental Community Center
Drexel Heights Community Center
Ellie Towne Flowing Wells Community Center
John A. ValenzPima County Natural Resources, Parks and Recreation is the agency within Pima County, Arizona that manages the natural resources, parks, and recreation offerings within Pima County including Tucson, AZ.== History ==
The agency was established by the county as the Parks and Recreation Department in 1947 with the intended goal of serving "urban and rural residents and guests by providing leisure-time destinations and services."

== Parks ==
NRPR manages 51 parks with the majority located in or near Tucson. Ajo's parks include Ajo Regional Park, E.S. Bud Walker Park, Forrest Rickard Park, and Palo Verde II Park. Green Valley's parks include Canoa Preserve Park and Canoa Ranch.

=== Tucson Region ===

== River Parks and Greenways ==
The Loop (metro river park system)
Cañada del Oro River Park
Harrison Greenway
Julian Wash Greenway
Pantano River Park
Rillito River Park
Santa Cruz River Park

== Trailheads ==
36th Street Trailhead
Abrego Trailhead
Agua

Question: In which city, located in the same county as Allen, do NASCAR races take place?

Question: Allen >> located in the administrative territorial entity

Answer: Pima County

Question: #1 >> contains administrative territorial entity

Answer: Tucson

Question: Where does #2 hold NASCAR races?

Answer: Tucson Raceway Park

Answer: Tucson Raceway Park

Where are NASCAR races held in the city in the same county as Allen?