Myanmar

Myanmar (myan-MAR i/miɑːnˈmɑːr/ mee-ahn-MAR, /miˈɛnmɑːr/ mee-EN-mar or /maɪˈænmɑːr/ my-AN-mar (also with the stress on first syllable); Burmese pronunciation: [mjəmà]),[nb 1] officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma, is a sovereign state in Southeast Asia bordered by Bangladesh, India, China, Laos and Thailand. One-third of Myanmar's total perimeter of 1,930 km (1,200 miles) forms an uninterrupted coastline along the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea. The country's 2014 census revealed a much lower population than expected, with 51 million people recorded. Myanmar is 676,578 square kilometres (261,227 sq mi) in size. Its capital city is Naypyidaw and its largest city is Yangon (Rangoon).The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese in 1613 and Siam in 1614. It restored a smaller, more manageable kingdom, encompassing Lower Myanmar, Upper Myanmar, Shan states, Lan Na and upper Tenasserim. The Restored Toungoo kings created a legal and political framework whose basic features would continue well into the 19th century. The crown completely replaced the hereditary chieftainships with appointed governorships in the entire Irrawaddy valley, and greatly reduced the hereditary rights of Shan chiefs. Its trade and secular administrative reforms built a prosperous economy for more than 80 years. From the 1720s onward, the kingdom was beset with repeated Meithei raids into Upper Myanmar and a nagging rebellion in Lan Na. In 1740, the Mon of Lower Myanmar founded the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom. Hanthawaddy forces sacked Ava in 1752, ending the 266-year-old Toungoo Dynasty.Myanmar, officially the Republic of the

Geography of Myanmar

 the Shan Plateau dominating the east. The central valley follows the Irrawaddy River, the most economically important river to the country with 39.5 million people, including the largest city Yangon, living within its basin. The country is home to many diverse ethnic groups, with 135 officially recognized groups. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes and was historically home to overland trade routes into China from the Bay of Bengal. The neighboring countries are China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos.

== Area and boundaries ==
Area

Total: 676,578 km2 (261,228 sq mi)
country rank in the world: 39th
Land: 653,508 km2 (252,321 sq mi)
Water: 23,070 km2 (8,910 sq mi)

=== Maritime borders ===
The southern maritime boundary follows coordinates marked by both Myanmar and Thailand towards the maritime tripoint with India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The maritime India-Myanmar border resumes end south ofMyanmar (also known as Burma) is the northwestern-most country of mainland Southeast Asia, bordering China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos. It lies along the Indian and Eurasian Plates, to the southeast of the Himalayas. To its west is the Bay of Bengal and to its south is the Andaman Sea. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes.,275 miles (2,050 km) with a long tail running along the western coast of the Malay Peninsula.
Myanmar lies along the Indian and Eurasian Plates, to the southeast of the Tibetan Plateau. To its west is the Bay of Bengal and to its south is the Andaman Sea. The country is nestled between several mountain ranges with the Arakan Mountains on the west and the Shan Plateau dominating the east. The central valley follows the Irrawaddy River, the most economically important river to the country with 39.5 million people, including the largest city Yangon, living within its basin. The country is home to many diverse ethnic groups, with 135 officially recognized groups. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes and was historically home to overland trade routes into China from the Bay of Bengal. The neighboring countries are China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos.

== Area and boundaries ==
Area

Total: 676,578

That Dam

ientiane, Laos. The stupa is situated in the middle of the roundabout between Chantha Khoumane road and Bartholonie road.
Many Lao people believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāga who tried to protect them from an invasion by the Siamese army in 1827.That Dam (Lao  ����������� [t��â��t dàm], meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in VThat Dam (Lao �����������, meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in Vientiane, Laos. Many Laotians believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāga who tried to protect them from an invasion by the Siamese army in 1827.That Dam (Lao  ����������� [t��â��t dàm], meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located inThat Dam (Lao ທາດດຳ, meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in Vientiane, Laos. Many Laotians believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāga who tried to protect them from an invasion by the Siamese army in 1827.olonie road.
Many Lao people believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāga who tried to protect them from an invasion by the Siamese army in 1827.That Dam (Lao  ����������� [t��â��t dàm], meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in Vientiane, Laos. The stupa is situated in the middle of the roundabout between Chantha Khoumane road and Bartholonie road.
Many Lao people believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāga who tried to protect them from an invasion by the Siamese army in 1827.That Dam (Lao  ����������� [t��â��t dàm], meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in VThat Dam (Lao ��

2020 AFC U-23 Championship qualification

 Thailand.
The tournament acted as the AFC qualifiers for the 2020 Summer Olympics men's football tournament. The top three teams of the tournament would qualify for the Olympics in Japan as the AFC representatives. As Japan had already qualified as the hosts, had they reached the semi-finals, the other semi-finalists were guaranteed qualification even before the phase would have commenced.
Uzbekistan were the defending champions, but were eliminated in the semi-finals. South Korea became the fourth different country to win the tournament, beating Saudi Arabia in the final, while Australia defeated Uzbekistan in the third place game 1–0.

== Host selection ==
Several nations expressed interest to host the tournament,Of the 47 AFC member associations, a total of 44 teams entered the competition. The final tournament hosts Thailand decided to participate in qualification despite having automatically qualified for the final tournament.TheOf the 47 AFC member associations, a total of 44 teams entered the competition. The final tournament hosts Thailand decided to participate in qualification despite having automatically qualified for the final tournament. Confederation (AFC) for under-23 national teams. A total of 16 teams competed in the tournament. It took place between 8–26 January 2020 in Thailand.
The tournament acted as the AFC qualifiers for the 2020 Summer Olympics men's football tournament. The top three teams of the tournament would qualify for the Olympics in Japan as the AFC representatives. As Japan had already qualified as the hosts, had they reached the semi-finals, the other semi-finalists were guaranteed qualification even before the phase would have commenced.
Uzbekistan were the defending champions, but were eliminated in the semi-finals. South Korea became the fourth different country to win the tournament, beating Saudi Arabia in the final, while Australia defeated Uzbekistan in the third place game 1–0.

== Host selection ==
Several nations expressed interest to host the tournament,Of the 47 AFC member associations, a total of 44 teams entered the competition. The final tournament hosts Thailand decided to participate in qualification despite having automatically qualified for the final tournament.The 2020 AFC U-23 Championship was the fourth edition of the AFC U-23 Championship, the biennial international age-restricted men's football championship organised by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) for under-23 national teams. A total of 16 teams competed in the tournament. It took place between 8–26 January 2020 in Thailand.
The tournament acted as the AFC qualifiers for the 2020 Summer Olympics men's football tournament. The top three teams of the tournament would qualify for the Olympics in Japan as the AFC representatives. As Japan had already qualified as the hosts, had they reached the semi-finals, the other semi-finalists were guaranteed qualification even before the phase would have commenced.
Uzbekistan were the defending champions, but were eliminated in the semi-finals. South Korea became the fourth different country to win the tournament, beating Saudi Arabia in the final, while Australia defeated Uzbekistan in the third place game 1–0.

== Host selection ==
Several nations expressed interest to host the tournament, including Australia, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam. Thailand were selected as host of the competition at an AFC Competition Committee's meeting in Tokyo in August 2018.

== Qualification ==

The qualifiers were held from 18 to 26 March 2019, during the FIFA International Match Calendar.

=== Qualified teams ===
Thirteen of the sixteen teams (including hosts Thailand) that qualified for 2018 AFC U-23 Championship qualified again for the 2020 final tournament. The 2013 champions Iraq, 2016 champions Japan, 2018 champions Uzbekistan all qualified for the 2020 final tournament. The teams: Iraq, Japan, Uzbekistan, Jordan, Syria, Saudi Arabia, North Korea, South Korea, China PR, Australia qualified for all editions of AFC U-23 Championship till 2020.
Iran, United Arab Emirates come back after missing out in 2018, with Bahrain making their debut at the tournament finals.
The following 16 teams qualified for the final tournament.

== Venues ==
The competition was played in four venues across four cities/provinces.

== Draw ==
The draw of the final tournament was held on 26 September 2019, 15:00 ICT (UTC+7), at the Swissotel Bangkok Ratchada in Bangkok. The 16 teams were drawn into four groups of four teams. The teams were seeded according to their performance in the 2018 AFC U-23 Championship final tournament and qualification, with the hosts Thailand automatically seeded and assigned to Position A1 in the draw.

== Match officials ==
On 3 January 2020, the AFC announced the list of referees chosen for the 2020 AFC U-23 Championship. 34 referees, 26 assistant referees and 2 support assistant referees were appointed for the tournament. Video assistant referees will be used in this tournament.

Referees

Assistant referees

Support assistant referees

== Squads ==

Players born on or after 1 January 1997 were eligible to compete in the tournament. Each team had to register a squad of minimum 18 players and maximum 23 players, minimum three of whom must have been goalkeepers (Regulations Articles 24.1 and 24.2).

== Group stage ==
The top two teams of each group advanced to the quarter-finals.

Tiebreakers
Teams are ranked according to points (3 points for a

Question: What is the biggest city in the nation which serves as a geographical divide between the country where the competition was held and the country where That Dam is situated?

Question: Who hosted the tournament?

Answer: Thailand

Question: That Dam >> country

Answer: Laos

Question: what natural boundary lies between #1 and #2

Answer: Myanmar

Question: Is the capital city the holder of the largest amount of the population in #3 ?

Answer: largest city is Yangon (Rangoon)

Answer: largest city is Yangon (Rangoon)

what is the largest city the country that is a natural boundary between the country that hosted the tournament and the country That Dam is located?


Gavin Bradley

 Branford Marsalis and John Coltrane were early influences.
In his early teens Bradley developed a strong interest in creating and manipulating music electronically using synthesizers, turntables, tape splicing and effects units.  Some electronic influences Bradley cites are experimental Toronto band Syrinx led by Anne Murray keyboardist John Mills-Cockell, early Pink Floyd, Tomita, Giorgio Moroder, Eurythmics, Yaz, Thomas Dolby, Pet Shop Boys, Depeche Mode, New Order, William Orbit and Björk.

== Early studio work ==
In 1991, Bradley relocated to Toronto to study film and music at York University and began a residency at Toronto club Work.  In 1992 he began an apprenticeship in Toronto recording studio Number Nine Sound and later was an assistant engineer at R&B production house TazzDab Productions.  His early production work included remixes for R&B singer Carlos Morgan, Canadian independent artist Jane Siberry and as well as Sony Music artist Esthero.

== Collaborations ==
Through Esthero's manager, Canadian Idol judge Zack Werner, Bradley met and began collaborating with Jon Levine, songwriter and keyboard player for The Philosopher Kings.  Together they worked with EMI artist Dayna Manning and received a Best R&B Recording Juno Award for JackSoul's 'Sleepless' album on BMG Records. In 2007 they collaborated on 'Calling to Say' for EMI artist Serena Ryder, which rose to No. 1 on the Canadian charts.
Bradley's work on Nelly Furtado's third album 'Loose' brought him to the attention of Los Angeles writer-producer Rick Nowels resulting in collaborations on material for Joss Stone, Kylie Minogue, Charlotte Church and Shaznay Lewis of All Saints.  Holly Knight, another Los Angeles writer-producer brought Bradley in to work on material for The Donnas, Alaina Beaton and Joe Elliot of Def Leppard.
In 2009 Bradley began composing music for film and theatre. He was nominated for an Outstanding Sound Design/Composition Dora Award for the Darren Anthony play Secrets of a Black Boy.

== Solo singer-songwriter work ==
In 2006 Bradley released 'Deep Freeze', his first solo album as a singer-songwriter, on Prozzak/Philosopher Kings guitarist James Bryan's label UMI Records.  In Canadian newspaper The National Post interviewer Mike Doherty refers to 'Bradley's trademark piano, which sounds as though it were recorded underwater'2.  In that article, Bradley explains that his breathy vocals and organic piano sound are intentionally set against inhuman, icy beats and sterile analog synthesizer sweeps to accentuate their warmth and humanness by contrast. In 2006 and 2007 Bradley toured the album in Canada with James Bryan's project Sunshine State.  The tracks 'In The Way', 'Games', 'Love Song 1968', 'I Wonder Where You Are' and 'Deep Freeze' enjoyed radio play in Canada and the U.S.
'Daylight Fading Out' followed in 2012 and the 'Sea & Space' EP in 2013, both on Bradley's own Afternoon Tea label.
The dual-album project 'Quiet Life' and 'Violet Life' released digitally on October 14, 2022 features 10 songs presented with the same lead vocal but with a jazz trio and electronic backdrop respectively. The podcast series 'Liner Notes' chronicled the making of the albums.

== House music projects ==
Under the alias Gavo, Bradley has also produced a steady stream of remixes including work for Atlantic Records artist Tori Amos, EMI artist Thomas Dolby and Nelly Furtado.  In 2000 his remix of Furtado's 'I'm Like A Bird' was cited as a Dance Hot Plate in Billboard Magazine.
Bradley also maintains ongoing collaborations with Toronto DJ Dwayne Minard with disco-house project Righteous and electro-funk project White Punks On Dope.  The Righteous single 'Love Is Love' featuring New York singer MJ White on vocals was released on the prestigious UK-based Hed Kandi label.  White Punks On Dope have performed live at various locales around Toronto, including Shane Percy's Candybar party series in 2007. House singlesGavin Bradley is an award-winning Canadian singer-songwriter and producer based in Toronto who has worked with artists like Nelly Furtado, Tori Amos and Jane Siberry. Fusing acoustic and electronic elements, his work is identifiable for its signature "warm" piano sound and live strings mixed with filtered synthesizers and other electronic manipulations . Besides production, Bradley is a solo recording artist. His debut album 'Deep Freeze' was released on UMI Records in 2006.GGavin Bradley is an award-winning Canadian singer-songwriter and producer based in Toronto who has worked with artists like Nelly Furtado, Tori Amos and Jane Siberry. Fusing acoustic and electronic elements, his work is identifiable for its signature "warm" piano sound and live strings mixed with filtered synthesizers and other electronic manipulations . Besides production, Bradley is a solo recording artist. His debut album 'Deep Freeze' was released on UMI Records in 2006.== Early years ==
Growing up in Ottawa, Bradley began studying classical piano at four. At age 10, he obtained a pre-1900 Nord

Maria (album)

iberry. It was her first album not to include any musical contributions from longtime collaborators such as Ken Myhr, John Switzer and Rebecca Jenkins.Maria is a 1995 critically acclaimed album by Canadian singer and songwriter Jane Siberry. It was her first album not to include any musical contributions from longtime collaborators such as Ken Myhr, John Switzer and Rebecca Jenkins.

Casa Loma

Casa Loma (Spanish for ``Hill House '') is a Gothic Revival style mansion and garden in midtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada, that is now a historic house museum and landmark. It was constructed from 1911 to 1914 as a residence for financier Sir Henry Pellatt. The architect was E. J. Lennox, who designed several other city landmarks. Casa Loma sits at an elevation of 140 metres (460 ft) above sea level., made up of top-flight studio musicians under the direction of its most notable leader of the past, Glen Gray. The reconstituted band made a limited number of appearances live and on television and recorded fifteen LP albums for Capitol Records before Gray died in 1963.
The band recorded and released the original version of the jazz and big band standard "Sunrise Serenade" in 1938 with Frankie Carle on piano.

== History ==
The band assembled in 1927 as the Orange Blossoms, one of several Detroit groups that came out of the Jean Goldkette office. The band adopted the name "Casa Loma" by the time of its first recordings in 1929, shortly after it played an eight-month engagement at Casa Loma in Toronto, which was being operated as a hotel at the time. The band never played at Casa Loma under that name, still appearing as the Orange Blossoms at that time.
In 1930, the Casa Loma Orchestra was incorporated in New York with the members becoming owners, shareholders, and board members. The band members were hired on the grounds of "musical and congenial" competence and followed strict conduct and financial rules. Because the band operated as a collective group, as opposed to almost all other bands that had a "leader" for whom everyone worked, the band maintained a stable collection of personnel that varied little. Members who broke the rules could be summoned

Question: What is the castle called in the city where the artist who recorded the album Maria was born?

Question: Maria >> performer

Answer: Jane Siberry

Question: #1 >> place of birth

Answer: Toronto

Question: what is the name of the castle in #2

Answer: Casa Loma

Answer: Casa Loma

What is the name of the castle in the birth city of the performer on the album Maria?


CBC Television

 An exception to this rule are the CBC North stations in Yellowknife, Whitehorse and Iqaluit, whose call signs begin with "CF" due to their historic association with the CBC's Frontier Coverage Package prior to the advent of microwave and satellite broadcasting.The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (FrenchWhile its fellow Canadian broadcasters converted most of their transmitters to digital by the Canadian digital television transition deadline of August 31, 2011, CBC converted only about half of the analogue transmitters in mandatory areas to digital (15 of 28 markets with CBC Television stations, and 14 of 28 markets with Télévision de Radio-Canada stations). Due to financial difficulties reported by the corporation, the corporation published digital transition plans for none of its analogue retransmitters in mandatory markets to be converted to digital by the deadline. Under this plan, communities that receive analogue signals by rebroadcast transmitters in mandatory markets would lose their over-the-air signals as of the deadline. Rebroadcast transmitters account for 23 of the 48 CBC and Radio-Canada transmitters in mandatory markets. Mandatory markets losing both CBC and Radio-Canada over-the-air signals include London, Ontario (metropolitan area population 457,000) and Saskatoon, Saskatchewan (metro area population 257,000). In both of those markets, the corporation's television transmitters are the only ones that were not planned to be converted to digital by the deadline.-Canada Nord. The CBC also operates digital services including CBC.ca/Ici.Radio-Canada.ca, CBC Radio 3, CBC Music/ICI.mu, and Ici.TOU.TV.
CBCMost CBC television stations, including those in the major cities, are owned and operated by the CBC itself. CBC O&O stations operate as a mostly seamless national service with few deviations from the main network schedule, although there are some regional differences from time to time. For on-air identification, most CBC stations use the CBC brand rather than their call letters, not identifying themselves specifically until sign-on or sign-off (though some, like Toronto's CBLT, do not ID themselves at all except through PSIP). All CBC O&O stations have a standard call letter naming convention, in that the first two letters are "CB" (an ITU prefix allocated not to Canada, but to Chile) and the last letter is "T". Only the third letter varies from market to market; however, that letter is typically the same as the third letter of the CBC Radio One and CBC Radio 2 stations in the same market. An exception to this rule are the CBC North stations in Yellowknife, Whitehorse and Iqaluit, whose call signs begin with "CF" due to their historic association with the CBC's Frontier Coverage Package prior to the advent of microwave and satellite broadcasting.The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (French: Société Radio-Canada), branded as CBC/Radio-Canada, is the Canadian public broadcaster for both radio and television. It is a Crown corporation that serves as the national public broadcaster, with its English-language and French-language service units commonly known as CBC and Radio-Canada, respectively.
Although some local stations in Canada predate its founding, the CBC is the oldest continually-existing broadcasting network in Canada. The CBC was established on November 2, 1936. The CBC operates four terrestrial radio networks: The English-language CBC Radio One and CBC Music, and the French-language Ici Radio-Canada Première and Ici Musique (international radio service Radio Canada International historically transmitted via shortwave radio, but since 2012 its content is only available as podcasts on its website). The CBC also operates two terrestrial television networks, the English-language CBC Television and the French-language Ici Radio-Canada Télé, along with the satellite/cable networks CBC News Network, Ici RDI, Ici Explora, Documentary Channel (partial ownership), and Ici ARTV. The CBC operates services for the Canadian Arctic under the names CBC North, and Radio-Canada Nord. The CBC also operates digital services including CBC.ca/Ici.Radio-Canada.ca, CBC Radio 3, CBC Music/ICI.mu, and Ici.TOU.TV.
CBC/Radio-Canada offers programming in English, French, and eight indigenous languages on its domestic radio service, and in five languages on its web-based international radio service, Radio Canada International (RCI). However, budget cuts in the early 2010s have contributed to the corporation reducing its service via the airwaves, discontinuing RCI's shortwave broadcasts as well as terrestrial television broadcasts in all communities served by network-owned rebroadcast transmitters, including communities not subject to Canada's over-the-air digital television transition.
The CBC's federal funding is supplemented by revenue from commercial advertising on its television broadcasts. The radio service employed commercials from its inception to 1974, but since then its primary radio networks have been commercial-free. In 2013, the CBC's secondary radio networks, CBC Music and Ici Musique, introduced limited advertising of up to four minutes an hour, but this was discontinued in 2016.

== History ==

In 1929, the Aird Commission on public broadcasting recommended the creation of a national radio broadcast network. A major concern was the growing influence of American radio broadcasting as U.S.-based networks began to expand into Canada. Meanwhile, Canadian National Railways was making a radio network to keep its passengers entertained and give it an advantage over its rival, CP. This, the CNR Radio, is the forerunner of the CBC. Graham Spry and Alan Plaunt lobbied intensely for the project on behalf of the Canadian Radio League. In 1932 the government of R. B. Bennett established the CBC's predecessor, the Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission (CRBC).

The CRBC took over a network of radio stations formerly set up by a federal Crown corporation, the Canadian National Railway. The network was used to broadcast programming to riders aboard its passenger trains, with coverage primarily in central and eastern Canada. On November 2, 1936, the CRBC was reorganized under its present name. While the CRBC was a state-owned company, the CBC was a Crown corporation on the model of

Don Newman (broadcaster)

1976, he moved to CBC and remained in Washington until 1979. He served two years as the Edmonton correspondent before moving to the parliamentary bureau in 1981. From 1981 to 1993, he was the host of CBC’s This Week in Parliament. In 1989, he began to host the daily Capital Report on the new Newsworld channel.
He anchored major political events that affected Canadians on CBC Newsworld. Some of them include:

Canadian federal elections
Leadership conventions
Opening of a new session of Parliament
Visits by world leaders, notably, American presidents
During George W. Bush's visit to Canada in 2004, Newman appeared on MSNBC
Elections in the United States, including U.S. presidential elections
State of the Union addresses by American presidents
State funeral of former U.S. president Ronald Reagan
During the coverage of the state funeral, Newman got expert help in the commentary from former ambassador Allan Gotlieb, Canadian ambassador to Washington in Reagan's day
U.S. presidential inaugurations
During major political events in the United States, he anchored coverage of it from the Canadian Embassy in Washington. The only events he did not anchor from Washington were the State of the Union addresses and the state funeral of Reagan. He anchored coverage of both those events from the CBC Ottawa bureau, where his daily politics program is based.
In 1998, Newman became the first recipient of the Charles Lynch Award for his outstanding coverage of national issues. In 1999, he was made a Member of the Order of Canada. On 14 September 2007, at a special convocation honoring the 40th Anniversary of his alma mater, the University of Winnipeg conferred on him an Honorary Doctor of Laws degree.
On 2 May 2009, Newman's retirement from CBC was announced.
Don Newman made his final "Politics" broadcast on 19 June 2009 and retired at the end of June 2009. Newman stated that he would occasionally write cbc.ca articles, and file reports on TV. He returned to CBC (briefly) for the 2011 federal election coverage.
He was a founder of the Science Media Centre of Canada.

== Publications ==
Welcome to the Broadcast: a Memoir was published in 2013 by HarperCollins.

== References ==

== External links ==
CBC biography
Website for Don Newman's Politics, with online archives for episodes from the past seven days
CBC icon Don Newman to retire. The Globe and Mail, retrieved 3 May 2009.Donald Kenneth Newman, OC (born 28 October 1940) is a retired senior parliamentary editor for CBC Television who also hosted CBC Newsworld's daily politics program CBC News: Politics. Newman is known for his signature introductory phrase to the viewer "Welcome to the Broadcast", in which he enunciates the first syllable of the last word more slowly than the rest of the greeting. The phrase became the title of his memoir, published in 2013.

== Career ==
Born in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Newman began his career at CTV where he served as the network’s Washington correspondent from 1972 until 1976. In 1976, he moved to CBC and remained in Washington until 1979. He served two years as the Edmonton correspondent before moving to the parliamentary bureau in 1981. From 1981 to 1993, he was the host of CBC’s This Week in Parliament. In 1989, he began to host the daily Capital Report on the new Newsworld channel.
He anchored major political events that affected Canadians on CBC Newsworld. Some of them include:

Canadian federal elections
Leadership conventions
Opening of a new session of Parliament
Visits by world leaders, notably, American presidents
During George W. Bush's visit to Canada in 2004, Newman appeared on MSNBC
Elections in the United States, including U.S. presidential elections
State of the Union addresses by American presidents
State funeral of former U.S. president Ronald Reagan
During the coverage of the state funeral, Newman got expert help in the commentary from former ambassador Allan Gotlieb, Canadian ambassador to Washington in Reagan's day
U.S. presidential inaugurations
During major political events in the United States, he anchored coverage of it from the Canadian Embassy in Washington. The only events he did not anchor from Washington were the State of the Union addresses and the state funeral of Reagan. HeDuring major political events in the United States, he anchored coverage of it from the Canadian Embassy in Washington. The only events he did not anchor from Washington were the State of the Union addresses and the state funeral of Reagan. He anchored coverage of both those events from the CBC Ottawa bureau, where his daily politics program is based.DDuring major political events in the United States, he anchored coverage of it from the Canadian Embassy in Washington. The only events he did not anchor from Washington were the State of the Union addresses and the state funeral of Reagan. He anchored coverage of both those events from the CBC Ottawa bureau, where his daily politics program is based.able of the last word more slowly than the rest of the greeting. The phrase became the title of his memoir, published in 2013.

== Career ==
Born in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Newman began his career at CTV where he served as the network’s Washington correspondent from 1972 until 1976. In 1976, he moved to CBC and remained in Washington until 1979. He served two years as the Edmonton correspondent before moving to the parliamentary bureau in 1981. From 1981 to 1993, he was the host of CBC’s This Week in Parliament. In 1989, he began to host the daily Capital Report on the new Newsworld channel.
He anchored major political events that affected Canadians on CBC Newsworld. Some of them include:

Canadian federal elections
Leadership conventions
Opening of a new session of Parliament
Visits by world leaders, notably, American presidents
During George W. Bush's visit to Canada in 2004, Newman appeared on MSNBC
Elections in the United States, including U.S. presidential elections
State of the Union addresses by American presidents
State funeral of former U.S. president Ronald Reagan
During the coverage of the state funeral, Newman got expert help in the commentary from former ambassador Allan Gotlieb, Canadian ambassador to Washington in Reagan's day
U.S. presidential inaugurations
During major political events in the United States, he anchored coverage of it from the Canadian Embassy in Washington. The only events he did not anchor from Washington were the State of the Union addresses and the state funeral of Reagan. He anchored coverage of both those

Question: Before the deadline, how many required transmitters of the organization where Don Newman works were upgraded?

Question: Don Newman >> employer

Answer: CBC

Question: How many of #1 's mandatory transmitters were updated before the deadline?

Answer: only about half

Answer: only about half

How many mandatory transmitters of Don Newman's employer were updated before the deadline?


Madina Lake

 and Matthew Leone befriended Torelli and Camargo, and unhappy with their current situations decided to disband their respective bands, and form Madina Lake. Shawn Currie of The Blank Theory was in the original line up as the band's keyboardist for Madina Lake, but left shortly after the band started working on material causing Camargo to become the band's keyboardist. They played their first show as Madina Lake on May 21, 2005, at Chicago's historic Metro.
Nathan and Matthew Leone first gained nationwide media recognition when they appeared in a special edition of Twin Fear Factor. They won $45,000 – $20,000 from finishing the first stunt the fastest, and $25,000 from finishing one of the two last stunts the fastest – and used it to pay for a recording process and demo of Madina Lake's first self-produced EP entitled The Disappearance of Adalia, which was released on August 22, 2006.

=== From Them, Through Us, to You (2006–2008) ===
After releasing The Disappearance of Adalia, Madina Lake gained a recording contract and signed with Roadrunner Records in April 2006 and created their first full length album entitled From Them, Through Us, to You, which was released on March 27, 2007. It was produced, engineered and mixed by Mark Trombino. The album debuted at No. 154 on the Billboard 200 album charts, and at No. 60 on the UK album charts.

The release of From Them, Through Us, to You was followed up by a headlining tour with Fightstar and participating in the Projekt Revolution tour. At first they had originally planned to play Warped Tour 2007, but dropped out to play on the Revolution Stage when Linkin Park specifically chose them. The band has also toured (at different times) alongside such acts as Story of the Year, Aiden, Halifax, and Mayday Parade, among others.
Between Jan and Feb 2008 they toured the UK playing in the Kerrang tour alongside Fightstar and Coheed and Cambria.
On May 3, 2008, Madina Lake played their third year of The Bamboozle festival in New Jersey and on June 14, 2008, they also played the infamous Download Festival in Donington Park on the Main stage and wrapped up touring From Them, Through Us, to You on Warped Tour 2008 from July 9 to July 25.
A DVD that chronicles the writing and recording process of From Them, Through Us, to You as well as tours and events that followed was scheduled to be released before the end of 2008.
Madina Lake was also given a slot to play in Osaka, Japan at the Summer Sonic Festival 2007. Madina Lake recorded a cover of Caught Somewhere In Time from the Iron Maiden Album Somewhere in Time for a cover CD called Maiden Heaven: A Tribute to Iron Maiden, which was given away with the July 16 issue of Kerrang! magazine.

=== Attics to Eden (2009–2010) ===
Madina Lake recorded their second studio album, and it was produced by David Bendeth and was released on May 5, 2009.
To start off the touring stint for Attics to Eden, Madina Lake supported Anberlin on their Canadian tour. They will also play a show with Emery and Silverstein at the Pipeline Cafe in Honolulu, Hawaii in late February.
Madina Lake are scheduled to play Soundwave festival 2009 from February 21 through March 2. After Soundwave they will be playing three shows in Japan with Less Than Jake.
They are also confirmed to play all dates in the 2009 Vans Warped Tour.
They have also confirmed that "Let's Get Outta Here" will be the second single released from their 2009 second studio album Attics to Eden, they will shoot a video for the song, as confirmed via their website. Madina Lake is doing a few shows with Escape The Fate and A Skylit Drive.
To begin the promotional tour for Attics to Eden, Madina Lake supported Anberlin on their Canadian tour. They will also play a show with Emery and Silverstein at the Pipeline Cafe in Honolulu, Hawaii inMadina Lake is an American alternative rock band formed in Chicago in 2005. Madina Lake released their debut album "From Them, Through Us, to You" through Roadrunner Records on March 27, 2007. Madina Lake won Best International Newcomer at the Kerrang! Awards 2007. The group disbanded in September 2013 before reuniting in February 2017. 2017.

== History ==

=== Formation and The Disappearance of Adalia EP (2005–2006) ===
Nathan and

Attics to Eden

 May 2009 in the United States. The track listing was announced in January 2009 by the British music magazine, "Kerrang".Attics to Eden is the second studio album by American band Madina Lake. It was released on 1 May 2009 in Australia, 4 May in the UK and 5 May 2009 in the United States. The track listing was announced in January 2009 by the British music magazine, "Kerrang"., it is much different from the band's debut album From Them, Through Us, to You. The booklet folds out to a map showing MadinaAttics to Eden is the second studio album by American band Madina Lake. It was released on 1 May 2009 in Australia, 4 May in the UK and 5 May 2009 in the United States. The track listing was announced in January 2009 by the British music magazine, "Kerrang".Attics to Eden is the second studio album by American band Madina Lake. It was released on 1 May 2009 in Australia, 4 May in the UK and 5 May 2009 in the United States. The track listing was announced in January 2009 by the British music magazine, Kerrang.
Musically, it is much different from the band's debut album From Them, Through Us, to You. The booklet folds out to a map showing Madina Lake's fictional character, Adalia's, journey to Eden.
The album debuted and peaked at #44 on the UK Albums Chart.

== Track listing ==

Digital bonus tracks

Japan bonus track

== Personnel ==
Nathan Leone – lead vocals
Mateo Camargo – guitar, keyboards, synthesizers, programming, backing vocals
Matthew Leone – bass guitar, backing vocals
Dan Torelli – drums, percussion

== Release history ==

== "Never Take Us Alive" ==
The first single "Never Take Us Alive"

Question: What is the formation year of the band that executed the piece Attics To Eden?

Question: Attics to Eden >> performer

Answer: Madina Lake

Question: Which year witnessed the formation of #1 ?

Answer: 2005

Answer: 2005

In what year was the group who performed Attics To Eden formed?


Serbian language

Serbian (српски / srpski, pronounced [sr̩̂pskiː]) is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian language mainly used by Serbs. It is the official language of Serbia, co-official in the territory of Kosovo, and one of the three official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In addition, it is a recognized minority language in Montenegro, where it is spoken by the relative majority of the population, as well as in Croatia, North Macedonia, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic.more specifically on the dialects of ��umadija-Vojvodina and Eastern Herzegovina), which is also the basis of standard Croatian, Bosnian, and Montenegrin varieties and therefore the Declaration on the Common Language of Croats, Bosniaks, Serbs, andSerbian (српски / srpski, pronounced [sr����pski��]) is the standardized

Yugoslavia at the Olympics

Zagreb in 1919 (recognized by the IOC in 1920), before moving to Belgrade in 1927, and it took the place of the Serbian Olympic Committee in the Association of National Olympic Committees. During the dissolution of Yugoslavia, several new committees were formed in the break-away countries. The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, consisting of the Republic of Serbia and the Republic of Montenegro, participated at the Games since 1996Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, formed as a joint state by only Montenegro and Serbia after the breakup of Yugoslavia, from 1992–2002 (due to UN ban allowed to compete as Independent Olympic Participants at the 1992 Summer Olympics and was not allowed to compete at 1994 Winter Olympics)Two of the successor nations (Croatia and Slovenia) began to compete as independent teams at the Olympics starting at the 1992 Winter Games and Bosnia and Herzegovina at the 1992 Summer Games and as of the 2008 Summer Olympics, all six successor nations, former socialist republics, have participated independently. Kosovo, a former autonomous province, made its Olympic debut as an independent national team at the 2016 Summer Olympics.

Belgrade (film)

Belgrade (also known as Belgrade with Boris Malagurski) is a 2013 Serbian documentary film directed by Boris Malagurski about Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. The documentary film had its world premiere on 19 October 2013 at Sava Centar in Belgrade and was aired on Radio Television Serbia on 20 October 2014. and the third most populous city on the Danube river.
Belgrade is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in Europe and the world. One of the most important prehistoric cultures of Europe, the Vinča culture, evolved within the Belgrade area in the 6th millennium BC. In antiquity, Thraco-Dacians inhabited the region and, after 279 BC, Celts settled the city, naming it Singidūn. It was conquered by the Romans under the reign of Augustus and awarded Roman city rights in the mid-2nd century. It was settled by the Slavs in the 520s, and changed hands several times between the Byzantine Empire, the Frankish Empire, the Bulgarian Empire, and the Kingdom of Hungary before it became the seat of the Serbian king Stefan Dragutin in 1284. Belgrade served as capital of the Serbian Despotate during the reign of Stefan Lazarević, and then his successor Đurađ Branković returned it to the Hungarian king in 1427. Noon bells in support of the Hungarian army against the Ottoman Empire during the siege in 1456 have remained a widespread church tradition to this day. In 1521, Belgrade was conquered by the Ottomans and became the seat of the Sanjak of Smederevo. It frequently passed from Ottoman to Habsburg rule, which saw the destruction of most of the city during the Ottoman–Habsburg wars.
Following the Serbian Revolution, Belgrade was once again named the capital of Serbia in 1841. Northern Belgrade remained the southernmost Habsburg post until 1918, when it was attached to the city, due to former Austro-Hungarian territories becomingBelgrade (also known as Belgrade with Boris Malagurski) is a 2013 Serbian documentary film directed by Boris Malagurski about Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. The documentary film had its world premiere

Slavko Šurdonja

 some time playing in Zagreb's club 1.H��K Građanski but, his best years were spent playing in BSK Beograd, from 1932 until 1940, where he won three national Championships. He played one season for SK Bata Borovo in 1940, and ended his career having already health problems in Belgrade's BASK and SK Jedinstvo, where he played until 1943.
He died in Belgrade during World War II, at age 30, from tuberculosis, in great poverty and hunger.

== International career ==
Beside having played three matches for the Belgrade city selection, he played one match for the Yugoslavia national football team. It was in Warsaw on 10 September 1933 against Poland (3–4 loss) and he played as a right midfielder.

== Honours ==
BSK Belgrade
3 times Yugoslav First League Champion: 1932–33, 1934–35 and 1935–36

== References ==

== External links ==
Slavko ��urdonja at National-Football-Teams.com
Slavko ��urdonja at Reprezentacija.rs (in Serbian)Slavko ��urdonja (1 October 1912 – 8 January 1943) was a Croatian football player who appeared for Yugoslavia in international competitions.

== Club career ==
He was famous as being a big, strong forward, with great ball control, excellent shot and an impeccable header.
Slavko started playing as right midfielder in his hometown club NK Orijent and spend some time playing in Zagreb's club 1.H��K Građanski but, his best years were spent playing in BSK Beograd, fromSlavko ��urdonja (1 October 1912 in Sušak – 8 January 1943 in Belgrade) was a Croatian, Yugoslav international, football player.SlavkoSlavko Šurdonja (1 October 1912 in Sušak – 8 January 1943 in Belgrade) was a Croatian, Yugoslav international, football player. was famous as being a big, strong forward, with great ball control, excellent shot and an impeccable header.
Slavko started playing as right midfielder in his hometown club NK Orijent and spend some time playing in Zagreb's club 1.H��K Građanski but, his best years were spent playing in BSK Beograd, from 1932 until 1940, where he won three national Championships. He played one season for SK Bata Borovo in 1940, and ended his career having already health problems in Belgrade's BASK and SK Jedinstvo, where he played until 1943.
He died in Belgrade during World War II, at age 30, from tuberculosis, in great poverty and hunger.

== International career ==
Beside having played three matches for the Belgrade city selection, he played one match for the Yugoslavia national football team. It was in Warsaw on 10 September 1933 against Poland (3–4 loss) and he played as a right midfielder.

== Honours ==
BSK Belgrade
3 times Yugoslav First League Champion: 1932–33, 1934–35 and 1935–36

== References ==

== External links ==
Slavko ��urdonja at National-Football-Teams.com
Slavko ��urdonja at Reprezentacija.rs (in Serbian)Slavko ��urdonja (1 October 1912 – 8 January 1943) was a Croatian football player who appeared for Yugoslavia in international competitions.

== Club career ==
He was famous as being a big, strong forward, with great ball control, excellent shot and an impeccable header.
Slavko started playing as right midfielder in his hometown club NK Orijent and spend some time playing in Zagreb's club 1.H��K Građanski but, his best years were spent playing in BSK Beograd, fromSlavko ��urdonja (1 October 1912 in Sušak – 8 January 1943 in Belgrade) was a Croatian, Yugoslav international, football player.Slavko ��urdonja (1 October 1912 – 8 January 1943) was a Croatian football player who

Question: What was the initial participation of the country as an independent team in the Olympic games, where the co-official language was employed in a show named after the place where Slavko Surdonja passed away?

Question: Slavko Šurdonja >> place of death

Answer: Belgrade

Question: #1 >> original language of film or TV show

Answer: Serbian

Question: #2 is the co-official language of what country?

Answer: Kosovo

Question: When did #3 first attend the Olympics games as an independent team?

Answer: 2016

Answer: 2016

When did the country whose co-official language was used in the show named for the place Slavko Surdonja died first attend the Olympics games as an independent team?


Planck constant

 four constants above.

== Introduction ==
Any system of measurement may be assigned a mutually independent set of base quantities and associated base units, from which all other quantities and units may be derived. In the International System of Units, for example, the SI base quantities include length with the associated unit of the metre. In the system of Planck units, a similar set of base quantities and associated units may be selected, in terms of which other quantities and coherent units may be expressed.:��1215�� The Planck unit of length has become known as the Planck length, and the Planck unit of time is known as the Planck time, but this nomenclature has not been established as extending to all quantities.
All Planck units are derived from the dimensional universal physical constants that define the system, and in a convention in which these units are omitted (i.e. treated as having the dimensionless value 1), these constants are then eliminated from equations of physics in which they appear. For example, Newton's law of universal gravitation,

can be expressed as:

Both equations are dimensionally consistent and equally valid in any system of quantities, but the second equation, with G absent, is relating only dimensionless quantities since any ratio of two like-dimensioned quantities is a dimensionless quantity. If, by a shorthand convention, it is understood that each physical quantity is the corresponding ratio with a coherent Planck unit (or "expressed in Planck units"), the ratios above may be expressed simply with the symbols of physical quantity, without being scaled explicitly by their corresponding unit:

This last equation (without G) is valid with F′, m1′, m2′, and r′ being the dimensionless ratio quantities corresponding to the standard quantities, written e.g. F′ �� F or F′ = F/FP, but not as a direct equality of quantities. This may seem to be "setting the constants c, G, etc., to 1" if the correspondence of the quantities is thought of as equality. For this reason, Planck or other natural units should be employed with care. Referring to "G = c = 1", Paul S. Wesson wrote that, "Mathematically it is an acceptable trick which saves labour. Physically it represents a loss of information and can lead to confusion."

== History and definition ==
The concept of natural units was introduced in 1874, when George Johnstone Stoney, noting that electric charge is quantized, derived units of length, time, and mass, now named Stoney units in his honor. Stoney chose his units so that G, c, and theThe assumption that black-body radiation is thermal leads to an accurate prediction: the total amount of emitted energy goes up with the temperature according to a definite rule, the Stefan–Boltzmann law (1879–84). But it was also known that the colour of the light given off by a hot object changes with the temperature, so that "white hot" is hotter than "red hot". Nevertheless, Wilhelm Wien discovered the mathematical relationship between the peaks of the curves at different temperatures, by using the principle of adiabatic invariance. At each different temperature, the curve is moved over by Wien's displacement law (1893). Wien also proposed an approximation for the spectrum of the object, which was correct at high frequencies (short wavelength) but not at low frequencies (long wavelength). It still was not clear why the spectrum of a hot object had the form that it has (see diagram).In particle physicsThe assumption that black-body radiation is thermal leads to an accurate prediction: the total amount of emitted energy goes up with the temperature according to a definite rule, the Stefan–Boltzmann law (1879–84). But it was also known that the colour of the light given off by a hot object changes with the temperature, so that "white hot" is hotter than "red hot". Nevertheless, Wilhelm Wien discovered the mathematical relationship between the peaks of the curves at different temperatures, by using the principle of adiabatic invariance. At each different temperature, the curve is moved over by Wien's displacement law (1893). Wien also proposed an approximation for the spectrum of the object, which was correct at high frequencies (short wavelength) but not at low frequencies (long wavelength). It still was not clear why the spectrum of a hot object had the form that it has (see diagram). of around 10−35 m (approximately the energy-equivalent of the Planck mass, the Planck time and the Planck length, respectively). At the Planck scale, the predictions of the Standard Model, quantum field theory and general relativity are not expected to apply, and quantum effects of gravity are expected to dominate. One example is represented by the conditions in the first 10−43 seconds of our universe after the Big Bang, approximately 13.8 billion years ago.
The four universal constants that, by definition, have a numeric value 1 when expressed in these units are:

c, the speed of light in vacuum,
G, the gravitational constant,
��, the reduced Planck constant, and
kB, the Boltzmann constant.
Variants of the basic idea of Planck units exist, such as alternate choices of normalization that give other numeric values to one or more of the four constants above.

== Introduction ==
Any system of measurement may be assigned a mutually independent set of base quantities and associated base units, from which all other quantities and units may be derived. In the International System of Units, for example, the SI base quantities include length with the associated unit of the metre. In the system of Planck units, a similar set of base quantities and associated units may be selected, in terms of which other quantities and coherent units may be expressed.:��1215�� The Planck unit of length

Wien approximation

 of the temperature multiplied by a constant.  Fundamental constants were later introduced by Max Planck.
The law may be written as

        I
        (
        ν
        ,
        T
        )
        =

              2
              h

                ν

                  3

              c

                2

          e

            −

                  h
                  ν

                    k

                      B

                  T

        ,

    {\displaystyle I(\nu ,T)={\frac {2h\nu ^{3}}{c^{2}}}e^{-{\frac {h\nu }{k_{\text{B}}T}}},}

(note the simple exponential frequency dependence of this approximation) or, by introducing natural Planck units,

        I
        (
        ν
        ,
        x
       Wien's approximation (also sometimes called Wien's law or the Wien distribution law) is a law of physics used to describe the spectrum of thermal radiation (frequently called the blackbody function). This law was first derived by Wilhelm Wien in 1896. The equation does accurately describe the short wavelength (high frequency) spectrum of thermal emission from objects, but it fails to accurately fit the experimental data for long wavelengths (low frequency) emission.WienWien's approximation (also sometimes called Wien's law or the Wien distribution law) is a law of physics used to describe the spectrum of thermal radiation (frequently called the blackbody function). This law was first derived by Wilhelm Wien in 1896. The equation does accurately describe the short wavelength (high frequency) spectrum of thermal emission from objects, but it fails to accurately fit the experimental data for long wavelengths (low frequency) emission.-frequency) emission.

== Details ==
Wien derived his law from thermodynamic arguments, several years before Planck introduced the quantization of radiation.
Wien's original paper did not contain the Planck constant. In this paper, Wien took the wavelength of black-body radiation and combined it with the  Maxwell–Boltzmann energy distribution for atoms.  The exponential curve was created by the use of Euler's number e raised to the power of the temperature multiplied by a constant.  Fundamental constants were later introduced by Max Planck.
The law may be written as

        I
        (
        ν
        ,
        T
        )
        =

              2
              h

                ν

                  3

              c

                2

          e

            −

                  h
                  ν

                    k

                      B

                  T

        ,

    {\displaystyle I(\nu ,T)={\frac {2h\nu ^{3}}{c^{2}}}e^{-{\frac {h\nu }{k_{\text{B}}T}}},}

(note the simple exponential frequency dependence of this approximation) or, by introducing natural Planck units,

        I
        (
        ν
        ,
        x
       Wien's approximation (also sometimes called Wien's law or the Wien distribution law) is a law of physics used to describe the spectrum of thermal radiation (frequently called the blackbody function). This law was first derived by Wilhelm Wien in 1896. The equation does accurately describe the short wavelength (high frequency) spectrum of thermal emission from objects, but it fails to accurately fit the experimental data for long wavelengths (low frequency) emission.Wien's approximation (also sometimes called Wien's law or the Wien distribution law) is a law of physics used to describe the spectrum of thermal radiation (frequently called the blackbody function).  This law was first derived by Wilhelm Wien in 1896.  The equation does accurately describe the short-wavelength (high-frequency) spectrum of thermal emission from objects, but it fails to accurately fit the experimental data for long-wavelength (low-frequency) emission.

== Details ==
Wien derived his law from thermodynamic arguments, several years before Planck introduced the quantization of radiation.
Wien's original paper did not contain the Planck constant. In this paper, Wien took the wavelength of black-body radiation and combined it with the  Maxwell–Boltzmann energy distribution for atoms.  The exponential curve was created by the use of Euler's number e raised to the power of the temperature multiplied by a constant.  Fundamental constants were later introduced by Max Planck.
The law may be written as

Question: In which professional field did the individual who identified the mathematical correlation between the peaks and curves of light at varying temperatures operate?

Question: Who discovered the mathematical relationship between peaks and curves of light at different temperatures?

Answer: Wilhelm Wien

Question: #1 >> field of work

Answer: physic

Answer: physic

What field of work was the person who discovered the mathematical relationship between peaks and curves of light at different temperatures in?


The Minikahda Club

.S. Open in 1916, the U.S. Amateur in 1927, and the Walker Cup in 1957.

== History ==
Minikahda was founded in 1898 on the hills above the west shore of Bde Maka Ska, the land,  purchased from the Oglala Lakota Chief "Swift Dog" who owned the land in which the golf course stands to this day. At the time, there were no roads around the lake, so the property extended to the lake, with a boathouse for sailing and other aquatic activities. The name Minikahda comes from the Lakota, a combination of two native words meaning 'by the side of the water'. The club logo is a Native American shield, similar to the original artifact which is framed in the clubhouse, the shield belonging to Swift Dog himself.

== Golf ==
Minikahda owns an 18-hole golf course extending to the south and west of the clubhouse with holes on either side of Excelsior Boulevard that is open to members at any time during the golf season. Included on the grounds are a putting green, a chipping green, a driving range, and an iron range as practice areas.
Amateur Chick Evans won the U.S. Open at Minikahda in 1916 and then won the U.S. Amateur later that year at Merion Golf Club to become the first to win both titles in the same season.
In addition to the 1916 U.S. Open, the club has also held the U.S. Amateur in 1927, the Walker Cup in 1957, the U.S. Women's Amateur in 1988, the Curtis Cup in 1998, and the U.S. Senior Amateur in 2017.

== Golf course architects ==
Willie Watson (1899): Watson, who was the club's first professional, laid out the original nine-hole course.
Robert Foulis (1907): Foulis, a Scottish professional golfer and course designer, oversaw the expansion of the course to 18 holes.
Tom Bendelow (1908): Bendelow, made some minor modifications to the course shortly after its completion.
Donald Ross (1920): Ross redesigned the course after the club hosted the 1916 U.S. Open.
Geoffrey Cornish and Craig Schreiner (1988–1992): Course lengthening and forward tee additions.
Ron Prichard (2001): Prichard, known for his restorations of Donald Ross courses, was called in to design and execute a project restoring original green sizes/shapes and reconstructing many bunkers.
Kyle Franz (2018): Franz was commissioned to develop a golf course master plan to bring back many of the Ross features enjoyed in 1927 when the U.S. Amateur was won by Bobby Jones. The master plan work was completed in the fall of 2021.

== References ==

== External links ==
Official websiteThe Minikahda Club is a private country club in southwest Minneapolis, Minnesota. The club is located just west of Bde Maka Ska and is the oldest country club west of the Mississippi River. The clubhouse, which is situated on a high hill, overlooks the lake and has expansive views of the surrounding area and the Minneapolis skyline.
Established in 1898 by a group of wealthy Minneapolis families, the club’s golf course, named one of the top 100 classic golf courses in the United States by Golfweek, has been host to several golf tournaments including the U.S. Open in 1916, the U.S. Amateur in 1927, and the Walker Cup in 1957.

== History ==
Minikahda was founded in 1898 on the hills above the west shore of Bde Maka Ska, the land,  purchased from the Oglala Lakota Chief "Swift Dog" who owned the land in which the golf course stands to this day. At the time, there were no roads around the lake, so the property extended to the lake, with a boathouse for sailing and other aquatic activities. The name Minikahda comes from the Lakota, a combination of two native words meaning 'by the side of the water'. The club logo is a Native American shield, similar to the original artifact which is framed in the clubhouse, the shield belonging toThe Minikahda Club is a golf club and course located in southwest Minneapolis, Minnesota, just west of Lake Calhoun. The course hosted the U.S. Open in 1916, the U.S. Amateur in 1927, and the Walker Cup in 1957.TheThe Minikahda Club is a golf club and course located in southwest Minneapolis, Minnesota, just west of Lake Calhoun. The course hosted the U.S. Open in 1916, the U.S. Amateur in 1927, and the Walker Cup in 1957. expansive views of the surrounding area and the Minneapolis skyline.
Established in 1898 by a group of wealthy Minneapolis families, the club’s golf course, named one of the top 100 classic golf courses in the United States by Golfweek, has been host to several golf tournaments including the U.S. Open in 1916, the U.S. Amateur in 1927, and the Walker Cup in 1957.

== History ==
Minikahda was

Ohio River

 14 states. Through its largest tributary, the Tennessee River, the basin includes several states of the southeastern U.S. It is the source of drinking water for five million people.
The river became a primary transportation route for pioneers during the westward expansion of the early U.S. The lower Ohio River just below Louisville was obstructed by rapids known as the Falls of the Ohio where the elevation falls 26 feet (7.9 m) in 2The river then follows a roughly southwest and then west - northwest course until Cincinnati, before bending to a west - southwest course for most of its length. The course forms the northern borders of West Virginia and Kentucky; and the southern borders of Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, until it joins the Mississippi River at the city of Cairo, Illinois.

Minneapolis

Minneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul, the state's capital. The city is abundantly rich in water, with 13 lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks and waterfalls; many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway. It was once the world's flour milling capital and a hub for timber. The city and surrounding region is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle. As of 2018, Minneapolis was home to 6 Fortune 500 companies, and the Twin Cities were the fifth-largest hub of major corporate headquarters in the United States. As an integral link to the global economy, Minneapolis is categorized as a global city. public park system is connected by the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway.
Dakota people originally inhabited the site of today's Minneapolis. European colonization and settlement began north of Fort Snelling along Saint Anthony Falls—the only natural waterfall on the Mississippi River. The city's early growth was attributed to its proximity to the fort and the falls providing power for industrial activity. Minneapolis was the 19th-century lumber and flour milling capital of the world, and as home to the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, it has preserved its financial clout into the 21st century. A Minneapolis Depression-era labor strike brought about federal worker protections. Work in Minneapolis contributed to the computing industry, and the city is the birthplace of General Mills, the Pillsbury brand, Target Corporation, and Thermo King mobile refrigeration.
The city's major arts institutions include the Minneapolis Institute of Art, the Walker Art Center, and the Guthrie Theater. Four professional sports teams play downtown. Prince is survived by his favorite venue, the First Avenue nightclub. Minneapolis is home to the University of Minnesota's main campus. The city's public transport is provided by Metro Transit, and the international airport, serving the Twin Cities region, is located towards the south on the city limits.
Residents adhere to more than fifty religions. Despite its wellMinneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul

Question: At what point do the body of water near the city that houses The Minikahda Club and the Ohio River intersect?

Question: Which state is The Minikahda Club located?

Answer: Minneapolis

Question: Which is the body of water by #1 ?

Answer: Mississippi River

Question: where does #2 and ohio river meet

Answer: at the city of Cairo, Illinois

Answer: at the city of Cairo, Illinois

Where does the body of water by the city where The Minikahda Club is located and the Ohio River meet?


Flag of Vatican City

The flag of Vatican City was adopted on June 7, 1929, the year Pope Pius XI signed the Lateran Treaty with Italy, creating a new independent state governed by the Holy See. The Vatican flag is modeled on the 1808 yellow and white flag of the earlier Papal States, to which a papal tiara and keys were later added. The Vatican (and the Holy See) also refer to it, interchangeably, as the flag of the Holy See.

Quadragesimo anno

Quadragesimo anno (Latin for "In the 40th Year") is an encyclical issued by Pope Pius XI on 15 May 1931, 40 years after Leo XIII's encyclical "Rerum novarum," further developing Catholic social teaching. Unlike Leo XIII, who addressed the condition of workers, Pius XI discusses the ethical implications of the social and economic order. He describes the major dangers for human freedom and dignity arising from unrestrained capitalism, socialism, and totalitarian communism. He also calls for the reconstruction of the social order based on the principles of solidarity and subsidiarity.Quadragesimo anno (Latin for "In the 40th Year") is an encyclical issued by Pope Pius XI on 15 May 1931, 40 years after Leo XIII's encyclical "Rerum novarum," further developing Catholic social teaching. Unlike Leo XIII, who addressed the condition of workers, Pius XI discusses the ethical implications of the social and economic order. He describes the major dangers for human freedom and dignity arising from unrestrained capitalism, socialism, and totalitarian communism. He also calls for the reconstruction of the social order based on the principles of solidarity and subsidiarity.Quadragesimo anno (Latin pronunciation: [k��a.dra��d��������.si.mo ��an.no]) (Latin for "In the 40th Year") is an encyclical issued by Pope Pius XI on 15 May 1931, 40 years after Leo XIII's encyclical Rerum novarum, further developing Catholic social teaching. Unlike Leo XIII, who addressed the condition of workers, Pius XI discusses the ethical implications of the social and economic order. He describes the major dangers for human freedom and dignity arising from unrestrained capitalism, from socialism, and from communism as practised in Russia. He also calls for the reconstruction of the social order based on the principles of solidarity and subsidiarity.
Essential contributors to the formulation of the encyclical were the German Jesuits, Roman Catholic theologians and social philosophers Gustav Gundlach and the Königswinter Circle through one of its main authors Oswald von Nell-Breuning.

== Changes since Rerum novarum ==
Pope Pius XI issued his encyclical exactly forty years after Rerum novarum. In the interim there were other papal statements from Leo XIII, and also the encyclical Singulari quadam of Pius X. Pius XI subtitled his encyclical Reconstruction of the Social Order. In the first part he reviews and applauds the encyclical of his predecessor. The Catholic Church can be credited with participating in the progress made and contributing to it. It developed a new social conscience.

== Private property ==
The Church has a vital role in discussing social and economic issues, not in their technical, but their moral and ethical aspects. This includes the nature of private property, concerning which several conflicting views had developed within the Catholic Church. Pius XI proclaims private property to be essential for the development and freedom of the individual, which are Christian values not to be denied. But, says Pius, private property has a social function as well, and it loses its moral value if it is not subordinated to the common good. Therefore, governments have a right to pursue redistribution policies, and in extreme cases to expropriate private property.

== Capital and labour ==
A related issue, says Pius, is the relation between capital and labour and the determination of fair wages. The Church considers it perverse in industrial society to have fiercely opposed social classes based on income. He welcomes all attempts to alleviate this strife and ameliorate its causes. Three elements determine a fair wage: The needs of the worker and his family, the economic condition of the enterprise, and the economy as a whole. The family has an innate right to development, but this is only possible within the framework of a functioning economy and sound enterprises. For this, Pius XI concludes that what is needed is not class conflict between worker and employer but solidarity, given the mutual interdependence of the parties involved.

== Social order ==
Industrialization, says Pius XI, resulted in less freedom at the individual and communal level, because numerous free social entities were absorbed by larger ones. A society of individuals became a mass and class society. Today people are much less interdependent than in ancient times, and become egoistic or class-conscious in order to recover some freedom for themselves. The pope demands more solidarity, especially between employers and employees through new forms of cooperation and communication. Pius draws a negative view of capitalism, especially of the anonymous international

Governor of Vatican City

 State since 2001.

== External links ==
Francesco Clementi: La nuova "Costituzione" dello Stato della Città del Vaticano
Luca Martini: Le caratteristiche peculiari dello Stato della Città del Vaticano: istituzioni e nuova costituzione
Sullo Stato della Città del Vaticano, v. F. Clementi, Città del Vaticano, Bologna, Il Mulino, 2009The post of Governor of the Vatican City State (Italian: Governatore dello Stato della Città del Vaticano) was held by Marchese Camillo Serafini from the foundation of the state in 1929 until his death in 1952. No successor was appointed, and the post itself was not mentioned in the Fundamental Law of Vatican City State issued by Pope John Paul II on 26 November 2000, which entered into force on 22 February 2001.
Even during Serafini's lifetime, the powers of the governor were limited by Pope Pius XII in 1939 by the establishment of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State—consisting of a number of cardinals, originally three, but later increased to seven. The president of the pontifical commission has exercised the functions that were previously attributed to the governor since 1952, and has also held the title of President of the Governorate of the Vatican City State since 2001.

== External links ==
Francesco Clementi: La nuova "Costituzione" dello Stato della Città del Vaticano
Luca Martini: Le caratteristiche peculiari dello Stato della Città del Vaticano: istituzioni e nuova costituzione
Sullo Stato della Città del Vaticano, v. F. Clementi, Città del Vaticano, Bologna, Il Mulino, 2009The post of Governor of the Vatican City State (Italian: Governatore dello Stato della Città del Vaticano) was held by Marchese Camillo Serafini from the foundation of the state in 1929 until his death in 1952. No successor was appointed, and the post itself was not mentioned in the Fundamental Law of Vatican City State issued by Pope John Paul II on 26 November 2000, which entered into force on 22 February 2001.
Even during Serafini's lifetime, the powers of the governor were limited by Pope Pius XII in 1939 by the establishment of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State—consisting of a number of cardinals, originally three, but later increased to seven. The president of the pontifical commission has exercised the functions that were previously attributed to the governor since 1952, and has also held the title of President of the Governorate of the Vatican City State since 2001.

== External links ==
Francesco Clementi: La nuova "Costituzione" dello Stato della Città del Vaticano
Luca Martini: Le caratteristiche peculiari dello Stato della Città del Vaticano: istituzioni e nuova costituzione
Sullo Stato della Città del Vaticano, v. F. Clementi, Città del Vaticano, Bologna, Il Mulino, 2009The post of Governor of the Vatican City State (Italian: Governatore dello Stato della Città del Vaticano) was held byThe post of Governor of Vatican City (Governatore dello Stato della Città del Vaticano in Italian) was held by Marchese Camillo Serafini from the foundation of the state in 1929 until his death in 1952. No successor was appointed, and the post itself was not mentioned in the Fundamental Law of Vatican City State issued by Pope John Paul II on 26 NovemberThe post of Governor of Vatican City (Governatore dello Stato della Città del Vaticano in Italian) was held by Marchese Camillo Serafini from the foundation of the state in 1929 until his death in 1952. No successor was appointed, and the post itself was not mentioned in the Fundamental Law of Vatican City State issued by Pope John Paul II on 26 November 2000, which entered into force on 22 February 2001.1.
Even during Serafini's lifetime, the powers of the governor were limited by Pope Pius XII in 1939 by the establishment of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State—consisting of a number of cardinals, originally three, but later increased to seven. The president of the pontifical commission has exercised the functions that were previously attributed to the governor since 1952, and has also held the title of President of the Governorate of the Vatican City State since 2001.

== External links ==
Francesco Clementi: La nuova "Costituzione" dello Stato della Città del Vaticano
Luca Martini: Le caratteristic

Question: In what year did the term of the city's Governor conclude, a city that is known for the death of the author who wrote Quadragesimo Anno?

Question: Quadragesimo Anno >> author

Answer: Pius XI

Question: #1 >> place of death

Answer: Vatican City

Question: On what date did Governor of #2 end?

Answer: 1952

Answer: 1952

What year did the post end of Governor of the city where the author of Quadragesimo Anno died?


Staithes group

 Edward E. Anderson, Joseph R. Bagshawe, Thomas Barrett and James W. Booth.

== Member artists ==
Edward Enoch Anderson (1878–1961)
John Atkinson (1863–1924)
Joseph R. Bagshawe (1870–1909)
Thomas Barrett (1848–1924)
James William Booth (1867–1953)
Owen Bowen (1873–1967)
John Bowman (1872–1915)
Andrew Charles Colley (1859–1910)
Harold Edward Conway (b.1872)
Lionel Townsend Crawshaw (1864–1949)
Ernest Dade (1868–1936)
William Gilbert Foster (1855–1906)
Arthur A Friedenson (1872–1955)
Sidney Valentine Gardner (1869–1957)
Leandro Ramón Garrido (1869–1909)
Ralph Hedley (1848–1913)
Florence Adelina Hess (1891–1974)
Rowland Henry Hill (1873–1952)
Henry Silkstone Hopwood (1860–1914)
John William Howey (1873–1938)
John Spence Ingall (1850–1936)
Frederick William Jackson (1859–1918)
Isabella (Isa) Jobling (née Thompson) (1851–1926)
Robert Jobling (1841–1923)
Harold Knight (1874–1961)
Dame Laura Knight (née Johnson) (1877–1970)
Charles Hodge Mackie (1862–1920)
Frank Henry Mason (1875–1965)
Hannah Mayor (née Hoyland) (1871–1947)
William Frederick Mayor (1865–1916)
Paul Paul (1865–1937)
Frederick Stuart Richardson (1855–1934)
Ernest Higgins Rigg (1868–1947)
Mark Senior (1862–1927)
Albert George Stevens (1863–1925)
Percy Morton Teasdale (1870–1961)
Joseph Alfred Terry (1872–1939)
Hirst Walker (1868–1957)
James Watson (1851–1936)
John Wright (1857–1933)

== Exhibitions ==
Pannett Park Museum and Art Gallery, Whitby, North Yorkshire
Brockfield Hall, Warthill, North Yorkshire

== See also ==
Art colony
Cullercoats
Newlyn School

== References ==

== External links ==
The Staithes Group – David Duggleby
The Staithes Group (1894–1909) A Brief History...
The Staithes Group Exhibition & Lecture 2015
T.B. & R. Jordan
Frederick Jackson
"Artists' colonies in Staithes and Runswick Bay c.1880–1914" PhD thesis by Robert Slater, 2010The Staithes group or Staithes School was an art colony of 19th-century painters based in the North Yorkshire fishing village of Staithes.
Inspired by French Impressionists such as Monet, Cézanne and Renoir, the group of about 25 artists worked together in plein air, in oil or watercolour.
The group contained renowned artists such as Laura Knight (who kept a studio in the village with her husband and fellow painter Harold Knight), Frederick W. Jackson, Edward E. Anderson, Joseph R. Bagshawe, Thomas Barrett and James W. Booth.

== Member artists ==
Edward Enoch Anderson (1878–1961)
John Atkinson (1863–1924)
Joseph R. Bagshawe (1870–1909)
Thomas Barrett (1848–1924)
James William Booth (1867–1953)
Owen Bowen (1873–1967)
John Bowman (1872–1915)
Andrew Charles Colley (1859–1910)
Harold Edward Conway (b.1872)
Lionel Townsend Crawshaw (1864–1949)
Ernest Dade (1868–1936)
William Gilbert Foster (1855–1906)
Arthur A Friedenson (1872–1955)
Sidney Valentine Gardner (1869–1957)
Leandro Ramón Garrido (1869–1909)
Ralph Hedley (1848–1913)
Florence Adelina Hess (1891–1974)
Rowland Henry Hill (1873–1952)
Henry Silkstone Hopwood (1860–1914)
John William Howey (1873–1938)
John Spence Ingall (1850–1936)
Frederick William Jackson (1859–1918)
Isabella (Isa) Jobling (née Thompson) (1851–1926)
Robert Jobling (1841–1923)
Harold Knight (1874–1961)
Dame Laura Knight (née Johnson) (1877–1970)
Charles Hodge Mackie (1862–1920)
Frank Henry Mason (1875–1965)
Hannah Mayor (née Hoyland) (1871–1947)
William Frederick Mayor (1865–1916)
Paul Paul (1865–1937)
Frederick Stuart Richardson (1855–1934)
Ernest Higgins Rigg (1868–1947)
Mark Senior (1862–1927)
Albert George Stevens (The group contained renowned artists such as Laura Knight (who kept a studio in the village with her husband and fellow painter Harold Knight), Frederick W. Jackson, Edward E. Anderson, Joseph R. Bagshawe, Thomas Barrett and James W. Booth.TheThe group contained renowned artists such as Laura Knight (who kept a studio in the village with her husband and fellow painter Harold Knight), Frederick W. Jackson, Edward E. Anderson, Joseph R. Bagshawe, Thomas Barrett and James W. Booth., the group of about 25 artists worked together in plein air, in oil or watercolour.
The group contained renowned artists such as Laura Knight (who kept a studio in the village with her husband and fellow painter Harold Knight), Frederick W. Jackson, Edward E. Anderson, Joseph R. Bagshawe, Thomas Barrett and James W. Booth.

== Member artists ==
Edward Enoch Anderson (1878–1961)
John Atkinson (1863–1924)
Joseph R. Bagshawe (1870–1909)
Thomas Barrett (1848–1924)
James William Booth (1867–1953)
Owen Bowen (1873–1967)
John Bowman (1872–1915)
Andrew Charles Colley (1859–1910)
Harold Edward Conway (b.1872)
Lionel Townsend Crawshaw (1864–1949)
Ernest Dade (1868–1936)
William Gilbert Foster (1855–1906)
Arthur A Friedenson (1872–1955)
Sidney Valentine Gardner (1869–1957)
Leandro Ramón Garrido (1869–1909)
Ralph Hedley (1848–1913)
Florence Adelina Hess (1891–1974)
Rowland Henry Hill (1873–1952)
Henry Silkstone Hopwood (1860–1914)
John William Howey (1873–1938)
John Spence Ingall (1850–1936)
Frederick William Jackson (1859–1918)
Isabella (Isa) Jobling (née Thompson) (1851–1926)
Robert Jobling (1841–1923)
Harold Knight (1874–1961)
Dame Laura Knight (née Johnson) (1877–1970)
Charles Hodge Mackie (1862

Ruby Loftus Screwing a Breech Ring

 chairmanship of Sir Kenneth Clark, the director of the National Gallery. The committee was "to draw up a list of artists qualified to record the war at home and abroad". One of those commissioned on several occasions was the British painter Laura Knight, who had painted for the Canadian government during the First World War.

Discontent within the factory workforce lead to strikes in the UK in the lead up to January 1943. According to the social research organisation Mass-Observation, women working in war production considered their abilities to be under used, and that potential employees perceived factory girls to be "low class, rough, dirty and immoral". Women, in particular, were more likely to be absent from work than men, with childcare and running the household the probable reasons, according to the art historian Brian Foss. With a shortage in the number of women working in the factories, the Ministry of Production pushed for the war artists to depict production workers.
Knight was commissioned to paint Ruby Loftus in late 1942. She was a machine operator described by the Ministry of Supply as "an outstanding factory worker". Knight, who was working on A Balloon Site, Coventry, turned down the fee of 75 guineas, negotiating 100 guineas plus expenses; even the higher figure was, she said "infinitely lower than I should ask for any otherRuby Loftus Screwing a Breech Ring is a 1943 painting by the British painter Laura Knight depicting a young woman, Ruby Loftus (1921–2004), working at an industrial lathe as part of the British war effort in World War II. The painting was commissioned by the War Artists' Advisory Committee (WAAC), and is now part of the Imperial War Museum's art collection. The painting brought instant fame to Loftus, and has been likened to the American figure of "Rosie the Riveter".Ruby Loftus Screwing a Breech Ring is a 1943 painting by the British painter Laura Knight depicting a young woman, Ruby Loftus (1921–2004), working at an industrial lathe as part of the British war effort in World War II. The painting was commissioned by the War Artists' Advisory Committee (WAAC), and is now part of the Imperial War Museum's art collection. The painting brought instant fame to Loftus, and has been likened to the American figure of "Rosie the Riveter". the several years it normally took. The painting was commissioned to promote women's work in factories; women dominate the picture, and only one man is visible, in the background. When unveiled at the 1943 Royal Academy Summer Exhibition,

Question: Who was the spouse of the person who created Ruby Loftus Screwing a Breech Ring?

Question: Ruby Loftus Screwing a Breech Ring >> creator

Answer: Laura Knight

Question: #1 >> spouse

Answer: Harold Knight

Answer: Harold Knight

Who was married to the creator of Ruby Loftus Screwing a Breech Ring?


Roman Republic

 the difficulties it faced, such as the creation of promagistracies to rule its conquered provinces, or the composition of the senate.
Unlike the Pax Romana of the Roman Empire, throughout the republican era Rome was in a state of quasi-perpetual warDespite early victories, Pyrrhus found his position in Italy untenable. Rome steadfastly refused to negotiate with Pyrrhus as long as his army remained in Italy. Facing unacceptably heavy losses from each encounter with the Roman army, Pyrrhus withdrew from the peninsula (hence the term "Pyrrhic victory"). In 275 BC, Pyrrhus again met the Roman army at the Battle of Beneventum. While Beneventum was indecisive, Pyrrhus realised his army had been exhausted and reduced by years of foreign campaigns. Seeing little hope for further gains, he withdrew completely from Italy. entire Mediterranean world.
Roman society at the time was primarily a cultural mix of Latin and Etruscan societies, as well as of Sabine, Oscan, and Greek cultural elements, which is especially visible in the Ancient Roman religion and its Pantheon. Its political organization developed at around the same time as direct democracy in Ancient Greece, with collective and annual magistracies, overseen by a senate. There were annual elections, but the republican system was an elective oligarchy, not a democracy; a small number of powerful families largely monopolised the magistracies. Roman institutions underwent considerable changes throughout the Republic to adapt to the difficulties it faced, such as the creation of promagistracies to rule its conquered provinces, or the composition of the senate.
Unlike the Pax Romana of the Roman Empire, throughout the republican era Rome was in a state of quasi-perpetual war. Its first enemies were its Latin and Etruscan neighbours, as well as the Gauls, who sacked Rome in 387 BC. After the Gallic sack, Rome conquered the whole Italian Peninsula in a century and thus became a major power in the Mediterranean. Its greatest strategic rival was Carthage, against which it waged three wars. Rome defeated Carthage at the Battle of Zama in 202 BC, becoming the dominant power of the ancient Mediterranean world. It then embarked on a long series of difficult conquests, defeating Philip V and Perseus of Macedon, Antiochus III of the Seleucid Empire, the Lusitanian Viriathus, the Numidian Jugurtha, the Pontic king Mithridates VI, Vercingetorix of the Arverni tribe of Gaul, and the Egyptian queen Cleopatra.
At home, during the Conflict of the Orders, the patricians, the closed oligarchic elite

Hieronymus of Cardia

 made him polemarch of Thespiae, and by Antigonus Gonatas, at whose court he died at the purported age of 104.
He wrote a history of the Diadochi and their descendants, encompassing the period from the death of Alexander to the war with Pyrrhus (323–272 BC), which is one of the chief authorities used by Diodorus Siculus (xviii.–xx.) and also by Plutarch in his life of Pyrrhus.
He made use of official papers and was careful in his investigation of facts. The simplicity of his style seemingly rendered his work unpopular to people of his time, but modern historians believe it was very goodHe wrote a history of the Diadochi and their descendants, encompassing the period from the death of Alexander to the war with Pyrrhus (323–272 BC), which is one of the chief authorities used by Diodorus Siculus (xviii.–xx.) and also by Plutarch in his life of Pyrrhus.Hieronymus of Cardia (Greek: ���ερ��νυμος ��� ��αρδιανός, c. 354 – c. 250 BC) was a Greek general and historian from Cardia in Thrace, and a contemporary of Alexander the Great (356–323 BC).
After the death of Alexander III, he followed the fortunes of his friend and fellow-countryman Eumenes. He was wounded and taken prisoner by Antigonus, who pardoned him and appointed him superintendent of the asphalt beds in the Dead Sea. He was treated with equal friendliness by Antigonus's son Demetrius, who made him polemarch of Thespiae, and by Antigonus Gonatas, at whose court he died at the purported age of 104.
He wroteHe wrote a history of the Diadochi and their descendants, encompassing the period from the death of Alexander to the war with Pyrrhus (323–272 BC), which is one of the chief authorities used by Diodorus Siculus (xviii.–xx.) and also by Plutarch in his life of Pyrrhus. BC).
After the death of Alexander III, he followed the fortunes of his friend and fellow-countryman Eumenes. He was wounded and taken prisoner by Antigonus, who pardoned him and appointed him superintendent of the asphalt beds in the Dead Sea. He was treated with equal friendliness by Antigonus's son Demetrius, who made him polemarch of Thespiae, and by Antigonus Gonatas, at whose court he died at the purported age of 104.
He wrote a history of the Diadochi and their descendants, encompassing the period from the death of Alexander to the war with Pyrrhus (323–272 BC), which is one of the chief authorities used by Diodorus Siculus (xviii.–xx.) and also by Plutarch in his life of Pyrrhus.
He made use of official papers and was careful in his investigation of facts. The simplicity of his style seemingly rendered his work unpopular to people of his time, but modern historians believe it was very goodHe wrote a history of the Diadochi and their descendants, encompassing the period from the death of Alexander to the war with Pyrrhus (323–272 BC), which is one of the chief authorities used by Diodorus Siculus (xviii.–xx.) and also by Plutarch in his life of Pyrrhus.Hieronymus of Cardia (Greek: ���ερ��νυμος ��� ��αρδιανός, c. 354 – c. 250 BC) was a Greek general and historian from Cardia in Thrace, and a contemporary of Alexander the Great (356–323 BC).
After the death of Alexander III, he followed the fortunes of his friend and fellow-countryman Eumenes. He was wounded and taken prisoner by Antigonus, who pardoned him and appointed him superintendent of the asphalt beds in the Dead Sea. He was treated with equal friendliness by Antigonus's son Demetrius, who made him polemarch of Thespiae, and by Antigonus Gonatas, at whose court he died at the purported age of 104.
He wrote a history of the Diadochi and their descendants, encompassing the period from the death of Alexander to the war with Pyrrhus (323–272 BC), which is one of the chief authorities used by Diodorus Siculus (xviii.–xx.) and also by Plutarch in his life of Pyrrhus.
He made use of official papers and was careful in his investigation of facts. The simplicity of his style seemingly rendered his work unpopular to people of his time, but modern historians believe it was very good. In the last part of his work he made a praiseworthy attempt to acquaint the Greeks with the character and early history of the Romans. He is reproached by Pausanias (i. 9. 8) with unfairness towards all rulers with the exception of Antigonus Gonatas.
Like the even more famous lost history of Alexander by Ptolemy I of Egypt, no significant amount of his work survived the end of the ancient world. He is among the authors whose fragments were collected in Karl Wilhelm Ludwig Müller's Fragmenta Historicorum Graecorum (II pp. 450–61), and in Felix Jacoby's Die Fragmente der griechischen Historiker (= FGrHist 154).

== Notes ==

== References ==
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Hieronymus of Cardia". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 454. This work in turn cites:
Lucian, Macrobii, 22
Plutarch, Demetrius, 39

Question: During what years did the conflict involving the military leader who inspired the phrase 'Pyrrhic victory' take place?

Question: What military leader does the term Pyrrhic victory come from?

Answer: Pyrrhus

Question: In which years did the war with #1 occur?

Answer: 323–272 BC

Answer: 323–272 BC

In which years did the war with the military leader from which the term Pyrrhic victory comes occur?