Imperialism

Trotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union, creating the model for subsequent inward looking Stalinist states and purging the early Internationalist elements. The internationalist tendencies of the early revolution would be abandoned until they returned in the framework of a client state in competition with the Americans during the Cold War. With the beginning of the new era, the after Stalin period called the "thaw", in the late 1950s, the new political leader Nikita Khrushchev put even more pressure on the Soviet-American relations starting a new wave of anti-imperialist propaganda. In his speech on the UN conference in 1960, he announced the continuation of the war on imperialism, stating that soon the people of different countries will come together and overthrow their imperialist leaders. Although the Soviet Union declared itself anti-imperialist, critics argue that it exhibited tendencies common to historic empires. Some scholars hold that the Soviet Union was a hybrid entity containing elements common to both multinational empires and nation states. It has also been argued that the USSR practiced colonialism as did other imperial powers and was carrying on the old Russian tradition of expansion and control. Mao Zedong once argued that the Soviet Union had itself become an imperialist power while maintaining a socialist façade. Moreover, the ideas of imperialism were widely spread in action on the higher levels of government. Non Russian Marxists within the Russian Federation and later the USSR, like Sultan Galiev and Vasyl Shakhrai, considered the Soviet Regime a renewed version of the Russian imperialism and colonialism.

Korean War

On 27 June 1950, two days after the KPA invaded and three months before the Chinese entered the war, President Truman dispatched the United States Seventh Fleet to the Taiwan Strait, to prevent hostilities between the Nationalist Republic of China (Taiwan) and the People's Republic of China (PRC). On 4 August 1950, with the PRC invasion of Taiwan aborted, Mao Zedong reported to the Politburo that he would intervene in Korea when the People's Liberation Army's (PLA) Taiwan invasion force was reorganized into the PLA North East Frontier Force. China justified its entry into the war as a response to "American aggression in the guise of the UN". rough estimates of civilian fatalities are available, scholars from Guenter Lewy to Bruce Cumings have noted that the percentage of civilian casualties in Korea was higher than in World War II or the Vietnam War, with Cumings putting civilian casualties at 2 million and Lewy estimating civilian deaths in the range of 2 million to 3 million.
Cumings states that civilians represent at least half of the war's casualties, while Lewy suggests thatOn 27 June 1950, two days after the KPA invaded and three months before the Chinese entered the war, President Truman dispatched the United States Seventh Fleet to the Taiwan Strait, to prevent hostilities between the Nationalist Republic of China (Taiwan) and the People's Republic of China (PRC). On 4 August 1950, with the PRC invasion of Taiwan aborted, Mao Zedong reported to the

Yagutil Mishiev

 was sent to complete teachers courses and started teaching at the age of 16. In 1944, he completed a diploma program using  distance learning with a degree from The Kuban Pedagogical College, Kuba, Azerbaijan. In 1945, while working at a school, he started a math degree at the Kuban Pedagogical Institute. In 1947, he attained a diploma of a teacher of physics and mathematics.
From 1943 to 1951, he helped the board of the municipality ofYagutil Israelovich Mishiev ( ; born March 29, 1927 in Qırmızı Qəsəbə, Azerbaijan Republic of USSR) — writer, author of books about the history of Derbent, Dagestan, Russia. The distinguished Teacher of the Republic of Dagestan and the Russian Federation.YYagutil Israelovich Mishiev ( ; born March 29, 1927 in Qırmızı Qəsəbə, Azerbaijan Republic of USSR) — writer, author of books about the history of Derbent, Dagestan, Russia. The distinguished Teacher of the Republic of Dagestan and the Russian Federation. of Derbent, Dagestan, Russia.

== Biography ==
Yagutil Mishiev was born in Qırmızı Qəsəbə (English: Red Town, also known as Krasnaya Sloboda - a village and municipality in the Quba Rayon of Azerbaijan, USSR). In 1943 he was sent to complete teachers courses and started teaching at the age of 16. In 1944, he completed a diploma program using  distance learning with a degree from The Kuban Pedagogical College, Kuba, Azerbaijan. In 1945, while working at a school, he started a math degree at the Kuban Pedagogical Institute. In 1947, he attained a diploma of a teacher of physics and mathematics.
From 1943 to 1951, he helped the board of the municipality ofYagutil Israelovich Mishiev ( ; born March 29, 1927 in Qırmızı Qəsəbə, Azerbaijan Republic of USSR) — writer, author of books about the history of Derbent, Dagestan, Russia. The distinguished Teacher of the Republic of Dagestan and the Russian Federation.Yagutil Israelovich Mishiev (Russian: ��гутил Израилович Мишиев; Hebrew: ��א��ו��י�� מי��יי��; 29 March 1927 – 2 April 2024) was a Soviet-Israeli author of books on the history of Derbent, Dagestan, Russia.

== Biography ==
Yagutil Mishiev was born in Qırmızı Qəsəbə (English: Red Town, also known as Krasnaya Sloboda - a village and municipality in the Quba Rayon of Azerbaijan, USSR). In 1943 he was sent to complete teachers courses and started teaching at the age of 16. In 1944, he completed a diploma program using  distance learning with a degree from The Kuban Pedagogical College, Kuba, Azerbaijan. In 1945, while working at a school, he started a math degree at the Kuban Pedagogical Institute. In 1947, he attained a diploma of a teacher of physics and mathematics.
From 1943 to 1951, he helped the board of the municipality of Kuba, Azerbaijan to prepare documents to award a medal to those who worked on the labor front of World War II. The medal is called Doblisneye Trud, valiant work during World War II from 1941–1945.
In 1946, he was asked by the head of the Kuba military enlistment office to complete a census of veterans in order to be able to award them the medal entitled For the Victory Over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945. In 1951, the Mishiev family moved to Derbent, a city in the Dagestan Republic of Russia.
In 1997, Mishiev immigrated to Israel and settled in Rishon LeZion.
Mishiev died on 2 April 2024, at the age of 97.

== Pedagogic and literary career ==
From 1954, Yagutil Mishiev worked as a teacher of mathematics in The School for Working Youth, also titled School No. 1. In 1963, he got a master's degree of a math teacher from Dagestan State University. For many years, Mishiev worked as the director of the Museum of Regional Studies. Mishiev also collected unique materials of the history of the city. From 1976 to 1991, Mishiev worked as the principal of School No. 11 in Derbent. From 1991 to 1997, Yagutil Israelovich Mishiev worked as a chief specialist in the City Department of Education.
In Israel, Mishiev has written several books about the history and the historical architectural monuments of the city of Derbent. His titles include A Long Road of 5000 Years and Derbent and World Civilization. Also, he wrote a Russian-English Dictionary of Mathematical Terms. That work was written for pupils, students, teachers and parents. A book Our Roots, Mishiev wrote a record of his family and their doings. His latest book, Only memory does not get old was devoted to the history of Jewish civilization.

== Museum of Regional Studies ==
In 1952, the Commission of the Ministry of Culture of Russia ordered the closure of the museum of regional studies because the exhibits did not meet the minimum requirements for a particular historical period as laid out by the Ministry for a museum. Recommendations were made for certain changes, after which the museum could reopen. It was necessary for new leadership of the museum. The Department of Culture of the city of Derbent sent Mishiev to work on the museum. Mishiev started to create a new exhibition. In 1953, the museum was able to re-open. Working for years in the museum, Mishiev travelled around the Derbent District to collect unique materials and information about the history of the city. He studied the archives of the city of Derbent, of the Azerbaijan State Museum of History in Baku, and of the Regional Museum of Dagestan in Makhachkala. Soon, scholars of Dagestan, the Academy of Sciences of the USSR and the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences started to inquire on various issues related to the museum. In the second half of the 50s, the museum started to promote the history of the historic city of Derbent and educate people about it. Mishiev conducted lectures and regularly appeared in the pages of the city's newspaper titled Znamya Kommunizma (lit. 'The Banner of Communism'), as well as in the regional newspaper titled Leninchi, written in the Azerbaijani language. The museum work that started in 1952 became a part of his life.

== Published works ==

=== Books ===

==== Dictionary ====
Russian-English Dictionary of Mathematical Terms. Written in 1999.

==== History of Derbent ====
A Long Road of 5000 Years (2002) ISBN 9785914620469, ISBN 9781684891924, OCLC 1298898981
Derbent and World Civilization (2005) ISBN 9785914620452, OCLC 1313562533

==== Family history ====
Our Roots (2008)

==== History of Jewish civilization ====
Only memory does not get old (2014) ISBN 9785914620476, OCLC 1256585472
The Mountain Jews (2022) ISBN 9785914626506, OCLC 1353608331

=== Articles ===
The Soviet Historical Encyclopedia – Derbent
Novei Rubej (New Frontier Magazine) - Memories of the past, about the life of their ancestors - it is our duty!
In the 60s and 70s he wrote articles for the newspaper Znamya Kommunizma (The Banner of Communism), currently called Derbentskiye Novestye (The News of Derbent) about the stories behind the monuments of Derbent.

== Awards and recognition ==
1967: Highest Level Award of Recognition from the Ministry of Culture of the RSFSR
1994: Distinguished Teacher of the Republic of Dagestan

== References ==Yagutil Israelovich Mishiev (Russian: ��гутил Израилович Мишиев; Hebrew: ��א��ו��י�� מי��יי��; 29 March 1927 – 2 April 2024) was a Soviet-Israeli author of books on the history of Derbent, Dagestan, Russia.

== Biography ==
Yagutil Mishiev was born in Qırmızı Qəsəbə (English: Red Town, also known as Krasnaya Sloboda - a village and municipality in the Quba Rayon of Azerbaijan, USSR). In 1943 he was sent to complete teachers courses and started teaching at the age of 16. In 1944, he completed a diploma program using  distance learning with a degree from The Kuban Pedagogical College, Kuba, Azerbaijan. In 1945, while working at a school, he started a math degree at the Kuban Pedagogical Institute. In 1947, he attained a diploma of a teacher of physics and mathematics.
From 1943 to 1951, he helped the board of the municipality of Kuba, Azerbaijan to prepare documents to award a medal to those who worked on the labor front of World War II. The medal is called Doblisneye Trud, valiant work during World War II from 1941–1945.
In 1946, he was asked by the head of the Kuba military enlistment office to complete a census of veterans in order to be able to award them the medal entitled For the Victory Over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945. In 1951, the Mishiev family moved to Derbent, a city in the Dagestan Republic of Russia.
In 1997, Mishiev immigrated to Israel and settled in Rishon LeZion.
Mishiev died on 2 April 2024, at the age of 97.

== Pedagogic and literary career ==
From 1954, Yagutil Mishiev worked as a teacher of mathematics in The School for Working Youth, also titled School No. 1. In 1963, he got a master's degree of a math teacher from Dagestan State University. For many years, Mishiev worked as the director of the Museum of Regional Studies. Mishiev also collected unique materials of the history of the city. From 1976 to 1991, Mishiev worked as the principal of School No. 11 in Derbent. From 1991 to 1997, Yagutil Israelovich Mishiev worked as a chief specialist in the City Department of Education.
In Israel, Mishiev has written several books about the history and the historical architectural monuments of the city of Derbent. His titles include A Long Road of 5000 Years and Derbent and World Civilization. Also, he wrote a Russian-English Dictionary of Mathematical Terms. That work was written for pupils, students, teachers and parents. A book Our Roots, Mishiev wrote a record of his family and their doings. His latest book, Only memory does not get old was devoted to the history of Jewish civilization.

== Museum of Regional Studies ==
In 1952, the Commission of the Ministry of Culture of Russia ordered the closure of the museum of regional studies because the exhibits did not meet the minimum requirements for a particular historical period as laid out by the Ministry for a museum. Recommendations were made for certain changes, after which the museum could reopen. It was necessary for new leadership of the museum. The Department of Culture of the city of Derbent sent Mishiev to work on the museum. Mishiev started to create a new exhibition. In 1953, the museum was able to re-open. Working for years in the museum, Mishiev travelled around the Derbent District to collect unique materials and information about the history of the city. He studied the archives of the city of Derbent, of the Azerbaijan State Museum of History in Baku, and of the Regional Museum of Dagestan in Makhachkala. Soon, scholars of Dagestan, the Academy of Sciences of the USSR and the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences started to inquire on various issues related to the museum. In the second half of the 50s, the museum started to promote the history of the historic city of Derbent and educate people about it. Mishiev conducted lectures and

Question: Where did an individual voice their intent to intervene in the Korean conflict, having previously contended that Yagutil Mishiev's homeland had evolved into an imperialist nation?

Question: Yagutil Mishiev >> country of citizenship

Answer: USSR

Question: Who argued that the #1 had itself become an imperialist power?

Answer: Mao Zedong

Question: Where did #2 declare that he would intervene in the Korean conflict?

Answer: the Politburo

Answer: the Politburo

Yagutil Mishiev is a citizen of a country that someone had argued had become an imperialist power. Where did this someone declare that he would intervene in the Korean conflict?


Thuli River

 Thuli-Makwe Dam, the Thuli is a sand filled channel, with alluvial aquifers in the river channel.

== Towns ==
The Thuli River passes through no major settlements, only the following business centres:

Freda Mine
Guyu
Manama
Chelesa, Zimbabwe [Sengezane]

== Bridges and crossings ==

There are five main bridges over the Mzingwane River:

Bridge on Old Gwanda Road, between Matombo Mission and Blanket Mine.
Bridge on Gwanda - Kezi road, below Thuli-Makwe Dam.
Elliot Bridge, upstream of Guyu.
Bridge on Manama - Kafusi road.
Mankonkoni Bridge on Tuli - Kafusi road. This bridge was destroyed by Cyclone Eline.
There are also a number of fords and crossing points, including:

Ntalale causeway, which was badly damaged by Cyclone Eline.
Causeway below Thuli gorge

== Development ==

In addition to a number of small weirs, there is one major dam on the Thuli River:

Thuli–Makwe Dam, west of Gwanda. It is located near the confluence with the Mtshelele River and supplies water for irrigation.
The Mtshabezi River (the principal left-bank tributary) is dammed at Mtshabezi, Sheet and Blanket. Mtshabezi Dam will augment the water supply for the City of Bulawayo, once a connecting pipeline has been completed. Sheet and Blanket Dams supply water to the City of Gwanda and Blanket and Vubachikwe Mines.
Two additional dam sites have been selected further downstream:

Thuli–Moswa, where no development has taken place.
Thuli–Manyange, upstream of Elliot Bridge, where construction was briefly started in 2007 but is now halted.

== References ==The Thuli River, former name Tuli River, is a major tributary of the Shashe River in Zimbabwe.  It rises near Matopo Mission, Matobo District, and flows into the Shashe River near Tuli village.

== Hydrology ==
The Thuli is an ephemeral river, with declining annual unit runoff.
Its major tributaries include the Mtshabezi, Mtshelele, Sengezane river and Mwewe rivers.
Below Thuli-Makwe Dam, the Thuli is a sand filled channel, with alluvial aquifers in the river channel.

== Towns ==
The Thuli River passes through no major settlements, only the following business centres:

Freda Mine
Guyu
Manama
Chelesa, Zimbabwe [Sengezane]

== Bridges and crossings ==

There are five main bridges over the Mzingwane River:

Bridge on Old Gwanda Road, between Matombo Mission and Blanket Mine.
The Thuli River, former name Tuli River, is a major tributary of the Shashe River in Zimbabwe. It rises near Matopo Mission, Matobo District, and flows into the Shashe River near Tuli village.TheThe Thuli River, former name Tuli River, is a major tributary of the Shashe River in Zimbabwe. It rises near Matopo Mission, Matobo District, and flows into the Shashe River near Tuli village..

== Hydrology ==
The Thuli is an ephemeral river, with declining annual unit runoff.
Its major tributaries include the Mtshabezi, Mtshelele, Sengezane river and Mwewe rivers.
Below Thuli-Makwe Dam, the Thuli is a sand filled channel, with alluvial aquifers in the river channel.

== Towns ==
The Thuli River passes through no major settlements, only the following business centres:

Freda Mine
Guyu
Manama
Chelesa, Zimbabwe [Sengezane]

== Bridges and crossings ==

There are five main bridges over the Mzingwane River:

Bridge on Old Gwanda Road, between Matombo Mission and Blanket Mine.
Bridge on Gwanda - Kezi road, below Thuli-Makwe Dam.
Elliot Bridge, upstream of Guyu.
Bridge on Manama - Kafusi road.
Mankonkoni Bridge on Tuli - Kafusi road. This bridge was destroyed by Cyclone Eline.
There are also a number of fords and crossing points, including:

Ntalale causeway, which was badly damaged by Cyclone Eline.
Causeway below Thuli gorge

== Development ==

In addition to a number of small weirs, there is one major dam on the Thuli River:

Thuli–Makwe Dam, west of Gwanda. It is located near the confluence with the Mtshelele River and supplies water for

Shashe River

 the mean annual runoff of the Limpopo Basin.
Major tributaries of the Shashe River include the Simukwe, Shashani, Thuli, Tati and Ramokgwebana rivers. The lower Shashe is a sand filled channel, with extensive alluvial aquifers in the river channel and below the alluvial plains. These supply water for a number of irrigation schemes including Sibasa and Shashi.
More than two million years ago, the Upper Zambezi River used to flow south through what is now the Makgadikgadi Pan (presently a vast seasonal wetland) to the Shashe River and thence the Limpopo River.

== Settlements ==
There is a road bridge and a rail bridge south of Francistown.
The lower Shashe River forms the border between Botswana and Zimbabwe and is unbridged.
However, at Tuli, both sides of the river are in Zimbabwe and there are two legal crossing points.
The Shashi runs through the Shashi Irrigation Scheme and the Tuli Block.

== Dams ==

The Shashe River is dammed near Francistown at Shashe Dam.  The original purpose was to supply waterThe Shashe River (or Shashi River) is a major left-bank tributary of the Limpopo River in Zimbabwe. It rises northwest of Francistown, Botswana and flows into the Limpopo River where Botswana, Zimbabwe and South Africa meet.TheThe Shashe River (or Shashi River) is a major left-bank tributary of the Limpopo River in Zimbabwe. It rises northwest of Francistown, Botswana and flows into the Limpopo River where Botswana, Zimbabwe and South Africa meet.. The confluence is at the site of the Greater Mapungubwe Transfrontier Conservation Area.

== Hydrology ==
The Shashe is a highly ephemeral river, with flow generally restricted to a few days of the year. The river contributes 12.2% of the mean annual runoff of the Limpopo Basin.
Major tributaries of the Shashe River include the Simukwe, Shashani, Thuli, Tati and Ramokgwebana rivers. The lower Shashe is a sand filled channel, with extensive alluvial aquifers in the river channel and below the alluvial plains. These supply water for a number of irrigation schemes including Sibasa and Shashi.
More than two million years ago, the Upper Zambezi River used to flow south through what is now the Makgadikgadi Pan (presently a vast seasonal wetland) to the Shashe River and thence the Limpopo River.

== Settlements ==
There is a road bridge and a rail bridge south of Francistown.
The lower Shashe River forms the border between Botswana and Zimbabwe and is unbridged.
However, at Tuli, both sides of the river are in Zimbabwe and there are two legal crossing points.
The Shashi runs through the Shashi Irrigation Scheme and the Tuli Block.

== Dams ==

The Shashe River is dammed near Francistown at Shashe Dam.  The original purpose was to supply waterThe Shashe

Question: What is the name of the river which the Thuli River eventually drains into?

Question: What river does Thuli River turn into?

Answer: Shashe River

Question: What does #1 flow into?

Answer: Limpopo River

Answer: Limpopo River

Into what river does the river that Thuli River turns into flow?


Santa Monica, California

 was Victoria Reid, who was the daughter of the chief of the village. During the Spanish period, she was taken to Mission San Gabriel from her parents at the age of six.

=== Spanish era ===

The first non-indigenous group to set foot in the area was the party of explorer Gaspar de Portolá, which camped near the present-day intersection of Barrington and Ohio Avenues on August 3, 1769.
There are two different accounts of how the city's name came to be. One says it was named in honor of the feast day of Saint Monica (mother of Saint Augustine),Santa Monica has a bike action plan and recently launched a Bicycle sharing system in November 2015. The city is traversed by the Marvin Braude Bike Trail. Santa Monica has received the Bicycle Friendly Community Award (Bronze in 2009, Silver in 2013) by the League of American Bicyclists. Local bicycle advocacy organizations include Santa Monica Spoke, a local chapter of the Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition. Santa Monica is thought to be one of the leaders for bicycle infrastructure and programming in Los Angeles County.[citation needed] Bandini de Stearns Baker, founded Santa Monica, which incorporated as a city in 1886. The city developed into a seaside resort during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with the creation of tourist attractions such as Palisades Park, the Santa Monica Pier, Ocean Park, and the Hotel Casa del Mar.

== History ==

=== Indigenous ===
The Tongva are Indigenous to the Santa Monica area. The village of Comicranga was established in the Santa Monica area. One of the village's notable residents was Victoria Reid, who was the daughter of the chief of the village. During the Spanish period, she was taken to Mission San Gabriel from her parents at the age of six.

=== Spanish era ===

The first non-indigenous group to set foot in the area was the party of explorer Gaspar de Portolá, which camped near the present-day intersection of Barrington and Ohio Avenues on August 3, 1769.
There are two different accounts of how the city's name came to be. One says it was named in honor of the feast day of Saint Monica (mother of Saint Augustine), but her feast day is May 4. Another version says it was named by Juan Crespí on account of a pair

The Right Stuff Records

 various labels owned by EMI Records and also leased-in labels such as Dick Griffey's SOLAR (the Sound of Los Angeles Records), the post-1976 Philadelphia International Records, Hi Records, Tabu Records and Salsoul Records. The label also owned Leon Russell and Denny Cordell's Shelter Records and the New  York–based Laurie Records. The label also created many joint venture projects with outside brands such as Harley-Davidson, Hot Rod Magazine, Shape Magazine, and others. The label was started by former EMI and Capitol Records executive Tom Cartwright.

== Selected artists on reissues ==

== References ==The Right Stuff Records is an American reissue record label that was part of EMI, which is now owned by Universal Music Group and is based out of Santa Monica, California.
The label primarily released classic rock and R&B repertoire which included greatest hits collections, anthologies, boxed sets and compilations. The Right Stuff's repertoire was sourced from the various labels owned by EMI Records and also leased-in labels such as Dick Griffey's SOLAR (the Sound of Los Angeles Records), the post-1976 Philadelphia International Records, Hi Records, Tabu Records and Salsoul Records. The label also owned Leon Russell and Denny Cordell'sThe Right Stuff Records is a reissue record label that was part of EMI, which is now owned by Universal Music Group and is based out of Santa Monica, California..
The label primarily released classic rock and R&B repertoire which included greatest hits collections, anthologies, boxed sets and compilations. The Right Stuff's repertoire was sourced from the various labels owned by EMI Records and also leased-in labels such as Dick Griffey's SOLAR (the Sound of Los Angeles Records), the post-1976 Philadelphia International Records, Hi Records, Tabu Records and Salsoul Records. The label also owned Leon Russell and Denny Cordell's Shelter Records and the New  York–based Laurie Records. The label also created many joint venture projects with outside brands such as Harley-Davidson, Hot Rod Magazine, Shape Magazine, and others. The label was started by former EMI and Capitol Records executive Tom Cartwright.

== Selected artists on reissues ==

== References ==The Right Stuff Records is an American reissue record label that was part of EMI, which is now owned by Universal Music Group and is based out of Santa Monica, California.
The label primarily released classic rock and R&B repertoire which included greatest hits collections, anthologies, boxed sets and compilations. The Right Stuff's repertoire was sourced from the various labels owned by EMI Records and also leased-in labels such as Dick Griff

The Lost Trident Sessions

 out (Between Nothingness and Eternity) which was good, but it wasn't on the same level. But one day I'd like the album to come out. ItThe Lost Trident Sessions is a studio album by jazz fusion group the Mahavishnu Orchestra, released on 21 September 1999 through Sony Music Entertainment. It was originally recorded in June 1973 at Trident Studios but was not released until 26 years later. According to the album's detailed liner notes, in November 1998 Columbia Records producer Bob Belden stumbled upon two quarter-inch tapes in Columbia's Los Angeles vault whilst gathering material for a remastered reissue of the Mahavishnu Orchestra's 1973 album "Birds of Fire". The tapes were otherwise unlabelled besides the recording location, but upon further inspection, they were revealed to be the two-track mixes for what would have been the Mahavishnu Orchestra's third studio album at the time.The Lost Trident Sessions is a studio album by jazz fusion group the Mahavishnu Orchestra, released on 21 September 1999 through Sony Music Entertainment. It was originally recorded in June 1973 at Trident Studios but was not released until 26 years later. According toThe Lost Trident Sessions is a studio album by jazz fusion group the Mahavishnu Orchestra, released on 21 September 1999 through Sony Music Entertainment. It was originally recorded in June 1973 at Trident Studios but was not released until 26 years later. According to the album's detailed liner notes, in November 1998 Columbia Records producer Bob Belden stumbled upon two quarter-inch tapes in Columbia's Los Angeles vault whilst gathering material for a remastered reissue of the Mahavishnu Orchestra's 1973 album "Birds of Fire". The tapes were otherwise unlabelled besides the recording location, but upon further inspection, they were revealed to be the two-track mixes for what would have been the Mahavishnu Orchestra's third studio album at the time.ist John McLaughlin told gig - The Music Magazine in 1977:

McLaughlin feels that the Orchestra was never recorded at their peak. "There is a studio album that never got released which is really good", he explains. It would have been their third studio album, following Inner Mounting Flame and Birds of Fire. "But at the time the record was being

Sony Music

 in Japan, so releases under Columbia Records from another country appears on Sony Records in Japan, but retains the usage of the "walking eye" logo. The Columbia name and trademark is controlled by Nippon Columbia, which was, in fact, the licensee for the American Columbia Records up until 1968, even though relations were officially severed as far back as World War II.Sony Music Entertainment Inc. (sometimes known as Sony Music or by the initials, SME) is an American music corporation managed and operated by Sony Corporation of America (SCA), a subsidiary of Japanese conglomerate Sony Corporation. In 1929, the enterprise was first founded as American Record Corporation (ARC) and, in 1938, was renamed Columbia Recording Corporation, following ARC's acquisition by CBS. In 1966, the company was reorganized to become CBS Records. In 1987, Sony Corporation of Japan bought the company, and in 1991, renamed it SME. It is the world's second largest recorded music company, after Universal Music Group., which was established in September 1995 as a joint-venture between Sony Music Entertainment Japan and Sony Pictures Entertainment Japan, but which in 2001 became a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony Music Entertainment Japan. It was prominent in the early to mid '90s producing and licensing music for animated series such as Roujin Z from acclaimed Japanese comic artist Katsuhiro Otomo and Capcom's Street Fighter animated series.
Until March 2007, Sony Music Japan also had its own North American sublabel, Tofu Records. Releases of Sony Music Japan now appear on Columbia Records and/or Epic Records in North America.
Sony does not have the trademark rights to the Columbia name in Japan, so releases under Columbia Records from another country appears on Sony Records in Japan, but retains the usage of the "walking eye" logo. The Columbia name and trademark is controlled by Nippon Columbia, which was, in fact, the licensee for the American Columbia Records up until 1968, even though

Question: When was the latest BFC award granted to the city that houses the only music group larger than the one responsible for The Lost Trident Sessions' recording label?

Question: Which was the record label for The Lost Trident Sessions?

Answer: Sony Music Entertainment

Question: What company is the only group larger than #1 ?

Answer: Universal Music Group.

Question: #2 >> headquarters location

Answer: Santa Monica

Question: When was the most recent Bicycle Friendly Community Award given to #3 ?

Answer: 2013

Answer: 2013

When was the most recent BFC award given to the city where the only record music group larger than the recording label for The Lost Trident Sessions is located?


Warner Records

 so that it could access low-cost music content for its films. In 1928, the studio acquired several smaller music publishing firms which included M. Witmark & Sons, Harms Inc., and a partial interest in New World Music Corp., and merged them to form the Music Publishers Holding Company. This new group controlled valuable copyrights on standards by George and Ira Gershwin and Jerome Kern, and the new division was soon earning solid profits of up to US$2 million every year.
In 1930, Music Publishers Holding Company (MPHC) paid US$28 million to acquire Brunswick Records (which included Vocalion), whose roster includedWarner Bros. Records Parent company Warner Music Group Founded March 19, 1958; 60 years ago (1958 - 03 - 19) Founder James Conkling Distributor (s) Self - distributed (In the US) WEA International (Outside the US) Rhino Entertainment Company (Re-issues) Genre Various Country of origin United States Location Burbank, California, U.S. Official website warnerbrosrecords.com

Ain't Living Long Like This

Ain't Living Long Like This is the debut studio album by American country music singer-songwriter Rodney Crowell, released in 1978 by Warner Bros. Records. It failed to enter the Top Country Albums chart. The songs, "Elvira", "Baby Better Start Turnin' 'Em Down" and "(Now and Then, There's) A Fool Such as I" were released as singles but they all failed to chart within the top 40. Despite this, "Ain't Living Long Like This" is considered one Crowell's best and most influential albums. Brett Hartenbach of Allmusic says it ""not only showcases his songwriting prowess, but also his ability to deliver a song, whether it's one of his own or the work of another writer"". Most of the songs on this album were later covered by other artists including The Oak Ridge Boys and Alan Jackson. When the album was re-released in 2002 the font on the cover was enlarged to make it more legible. are cover songs:

"Elvira" – Dallas Frazier, Elvira (1966)
"(Now and Then, There's) A Fool Such as I" – Hank Snow(1952) [Covered by many other artists such as Elvis Presley, Bob Dylan, Eddy Arnold, Jim Reeves and Lou Rawls]
"I Thought I Heard You Callin' My Name" – Norma Jean, Let's Go All the Way (1965)
Many Crowell-penned songs have since been covered by other artists. "Leaving Louisiana in the Broad Daylight" was covered by Emmylou Harris in 1978 and, a year later, by The Oak Ridge Boys from The Oak Ridge Boys Have Arrived. They released it as a single that reached Number One.
"Voila, An American Dream" was covered (as "An American Dream") by The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band and was the title track to their 1979 album. Released as a single, the record hit #13 on the U.S. pop charts and #3 in Canada.
"I Ain't Living Long Like This" was recorded in 1977 by Gary Stewart for his album, Your Place or Mine., then recorded in 1978 by Emmylou Harris for her album, Quarter Moon in a Ten Cent Town, and in 1979 by Waylon Jennings for his album, What Goes Around Comes Around, and Jerry Jeff Walker for his album, Too Old to Change. Brooks &

'Til I Gain Control Again

 country rock band Blue Rodeo for their album Five Days in July. Released as a single in 1994, the song peaked at number 24 on the RPM Country Tracks chart.

=== Chart performance ===

== Other versions ==
Waylon Jennings covered the song on his 1977 album, Ol' Waylon. Willie Nelson covered it on his 1978 live album Willie and Family Live.  Jerry Jeff Walker also covered the song in 1978 on his Contrary to Ordinary album.  Bobby Bare covered the song``'Til I Gain Control Again ''is a country song written by Rodney Crowell and originally recorded by Emmylou Harris in 1975. The song was included on her 1975 studio album Elite Hotel and was performed by Alison Krauss in 2016 as part of a tribute album to Harris titled: The Life & Songs of Emmylou Harris. The song was covered by Willie Nelson on his`` Greatest Hits (& Some That Will Be)'', a compilation album by country artist Willie Nelson released in 1981 as a double - LP. The song was later covered by Crystal Gayle in 1982 and Blue Rodeo in 1993. Crowell recorded his own version of the song on his 1981 self - titled album. It was also covered by Van Morrison on his Pay the Devil Album out in 2006. The gothic band This Mortal Coil covered this song on their album Blood released on April 22, 1991."'``'Til I Gain Control Again ''is a country song written by Rodney Crowell and originally recorded by Emmylou Harris in 1975. The song was included on her 1975 studio album Elite Hotel and was performed by Alison Krauss in 2016 as part of a tribute album to Harris titled: The Life & Songs of Emmylou Harris. The song was covered by Willie Nelson on his`` Greatest Hits (& Some That Will Be)'', a compilation album by country artist Willie Nelson released in 1981 as a double - LP. The song was later covered by Crystal Gayle in 1982 and Blue Rodeo in 1993. Crowell recorded his own version of the song on his 1981 self - titled album. It was also covered by Van Morrison on his Pay the Devil Album out in 2006. The gothic band This Mortal Coil covered this song on their album Blood released on April 22, 1991. a hard rhyme. Crowell marvels when people tell him this song is their favorite of his. Crowell's version was released on his third (self titled) album in 1981.
Crowell wrote the song back-to-back with "Song for the Life" (recorded on his debut album Ain't Living Long Like This) in the 1970s and says both are a "projection into the future that I later lived through . . . and it was exactly like I predicted."

== Crystal Gayle version ==

In 1982, the song would be recorded by Crystal Gayle and her recording was her tenth number one on the country chart.  Her recording would go to number one for one week and spend a total of twelve weeks on the chart. A music video was filmed for the song.

=== Charts ===

==== Weekly charts ====

==== Year-end charts ====

== Blue Rodeo version ==

In 1993, the song was covered by Canadian country rock band Blue Rodeo for their album Five Days in July. Released as a single in 1994, the song peaked at number 24 on the RPM Country Tracks chart.

=== Chart performance ===

== Other versions ==
Waylon Jennings covered the song on his 1977 album, Ol' Waylon. Willie Nelson covered it on his 1978 live album Willie and Family Live.  Jerry Jeff Walker also covered the song in 1978 on his Contrary to Ordinary album.  Bobby Bare covered the song``'Til I Gain Control Again ''is a country song written by Rodney Crowell and originally recorded by Emmylou Harris in 1975. The song was included on her 1975 studio album Elite Hotel and was performed by Alison Krauss in 2016 as part of a tribute album to Harris titled: The Life & Songs of Emmylou Harris. The song was covered by Willie Nelson on his`` Greatest Hits (& Some That Will Be)'', a compilation album by country artist Willie Nelson released in 1981 as a double - LP. The song was later covered by Crystal Gayle in 1982 and Blue Rodeo in 1993. Crowell recorded his own version of the song on his 1981 self - titled album. It was also covered by Van Morrison on his Pay the Devil Album out in 2006. The gothic band This Mortal Coil covered this song on their album Blood released on April 22, 1991."'Till I Gain Control Again" is a country song written by Rodney Crowell and originally recorded by Emmylou Harris in 1975. The song was included on her 1975 studio album Elite Hotel.  The song is most known by the No. 1 single version recorded by Crystal Gayle on her 1982 album, True Love.

== Composition ==
Rodney Crowell wrote the song while working for Jerry Reed's publishing company. At the time, he was hanging out with noted songwriters Townes Van Zandt, Guy Clark, and Steve Runkle, and wanted to show his own songwriting skill.
In retrospect, Crowell expresses regret at rhyming "been" with "can" in the lyric "What you've seen is what I've been/There is nothing I could hide from you/You see me better than I can." Had he written the song later in his career, Crowell says he would have spent time to find a hard rhyme. Crowell marvels when people tell him this song is their favorite of his. Crowell's version was released on his third (self titled) album in 1981.
Crowell wrote the song back-to-back with "Song for the Life" (recorded on his debut album Ain't Living Long Like This) in the 1970s and says both are a "projection into the future that I later lived through . . . and it was exactly like I predicted."

== Crystal Gayle version ==

In 1982, the song would be recorded by Crystal Gayle and her recording was her tenth number one on the country chart.  Her recording would go to number one for one week and spend a total of twelve weeks on the chart. A music video was filmed for the song.

=== Charts ===

==== Weekly charts ====

==== Year-end charts ====

== Blue Rodeo version ==

In 1993, the song was covered by Canadian country rock band Blue Rodeo for their album Five Days in July. Released as a single in 1994, the song peaked at number 24 on the RPM Country Tracks chart.

=== Chart performance ===

== Other versions ==
Waylon Jennings covered the song on his 1977 album, Ol' Waylon. Willie Nelson covered it on his 1978 live album Willie and Family Live.  Jerry Jeff Walker also covered the song in 1978 on his Contrary to Ordinary album.  Bobby Bare covered the song in 1979.  Crowell recorded his own version of the song as well in 1981 on his self-titled album. The eclectic band

Question: Who is the owner of the record company associated with the writer of the song "Till I Can Gain Control Again"?

Question: who wrote till i can gain control again

Answer: Rodney Crowell

Question: #1 >> record label

Answer: Warner Bros. Records

Question: who is the owner of #2

Answer: Warner Music Group

Answer: Warner Music Group

Who owns the record label of the Till I Can Gain Control Again songwriter?


Emergency Response Guidebook

fourth section, with orange page borders, includes the actual response guides. Each of the 62 guides provides safety recommendations and directions on how to proceed during the initial response phase (first thirty minutes) of the incident. It includes ``health ''and`` fire or explosion'' potential hazard information (with the more dangerous hazard listed first). For example, ``the material gives off irritating vapors, easily ignited by heat, reactive with water '';`` highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin''; etc.The fourth section, with orange page borders, includes the actual response guides. Each of the 62 guides provides safety recommendations and directions on how to proceed during the initial response phase (first thirty minutes) of the incident. It includes ``health ''and`` fire or explosion'' potential hazard information (with the more dangerous hazard listed first). For example, ``the material gives off irritating vapors, easily ignited by heat, reactive with water '';`` highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin''; etc.The fourth section, with orange page borders, includes the actual response guidesThe fourth section, with orange page borders, includes the actual response guides. Each of the 62 guides provides safety recommendations and directions on how to proceed during the initial response phase (first thirty minutes) of the incident. It includes ``health ''and`` fire or explosion'' potential hazard information (with the more dangerous hazard listed first). For example, ``the material gives off irritating vapors, easily ignited by heat, reactive with water '';`` highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin''; etc.The fourth section, with orange page borders, includes the actual response guides. Each of the 62 guides provides safety recommendations and directions on how to proceed during the initial response phase (first thirty minutes) of the incident. It includes ``health ''and`` fire or explosion'' potential hazard information (with the more dangerous hazard listed first). For example, ``the material gives off irritating vapors, easily ignited by heat, reactive with water '';`` highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin''; etc.The fourth section, with orange page borders, includes the actual response guides. Each of the 62 guides provides safety recommendations and directions on how to proceed during the initial response phase (first thirty minutes) of the incident. It includes ``health ''and`` fire or explosion'' potential hazard information (with the more dangerous hazard listed first). For example, ``the material gives off irritating vapors, easily ignited by heat,The fourth section, with orange page borders, includes the actual response guides. Each of the 62 guides provides safety recommendations and directions on how to proceed during the initial response phase (first thirty minutes) of the incident. It includes ``health ''and`` fire or explosion'' potential hazard information (with the more dangerous hazard listed first). For example, ``the material gives off irritating vapors, easily ignited by heat, reactive with water '';`` highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin''; etc.

London broil

London broil is a beef dish made by broiling marinated beef, then cutting it across the grain into thin strips. Despite its name, the dish and the terminology are North American, not British.broil" is not a common term in UK English, and indeed the dish is American, not British.

== Cut ==
"London broil" originally referred to grilled flank steak, although modern butchers may label top round, coulotte, or other cuts as "London broil", and the term has come to refer more to a method of preparation and cookery than to a specific cut of meat.

== Preparation ==
The preparation of London broil typically involves marinating the meat for several hours followed by high heat searing in an oven grill or outdoor grill.  It is then served in thin slices, cut across the grain.

== In Canada ==
In parts of central Canada, a ground meat patty wrapped in flank or round steak is known as a London broil.  Some butchers will wrap the flank steak around a concoction of seasoned and ground or tenderized flank steak. Others sell a pork sausage patty wrapped in flank or top round steak labeled as London broil. Another variant, popular in Southern Ontario, is a London broil "loaf", wherein the tenderized flank steak exterior is wrapped around minced and spiced veal as the filler. In some regions, bacon will be added between the flank steak and the veal grind.

== See also ==

List of beef dishes
List of steak dishes

== References ==London broil is a beef dish made by grilling marinated beef, then cutting it across the grain into thin strips. While the inclusion of "London" in the name may suggest British origins, "broil" is not a common term in UK English, and indeed the dish is American, not British.

== Cut ==
"London broil" originally referred to grilled flank steak, although modern butchers may label top round, coulotte, or other cuts as "London broil", and the term has come to refer more to a method of preparation and cookery than to a specific cut of meat.

== Preparation ==
The preparation of London broil typically involves marinating the meat for several hours followed by high heat searing in an oven grill or outdoor grill.  It is then served in thin slices, cut across the grain.

== In Canada ==
In parts of central Canada, a ground meat patty wrapped in flank or round steak is known as a London broil.  Some butchers will wrap the flank steak around a concoction of seasoned and ground or tenderized flank steak. Others sell a pork sausage patty wrapped in flank or top round steak labeled as London broil. Another variant, popular in Southern Ontario, is a London broil "loaf", wherein the tenderized flank steak exterior is wrapped around minced and spiced veal as the filler. In some regions, bacon will be added between the flank steak and the veal grind.

== See also ==

List of beef dishes
List of steak dishes

== References ==London broil is a beef dish made by grilling marinated beef, then cutting it across the grain into thin strips. While the inclusion of "London" in the name may suggest British origins, "broil" is not a common term in UK English, and indeed the dish is American, not British.

== Cut ==
"London broil" originally referred to grilled flank steak, although modern butchers may label top round, coulotte, or other cuts as "London broil", and the term has come to refer more to a method of preparation and cookery than to a specific cut of meat.

== Preparation ==
The preparation of London broil typically involves marinating the meat for several hours followed by high heat searing in an oven grill or outdoor grill.  It is then served in thin slices, cut across the grain.

== In Canada ==
In parts of central Canada, a ground meat patty wrapped in flank or round steak is known as a London broil.  Some butchers will wrap the flank steak around a concoction of seasoned and ground or tenderized flank steak. Others sell a pork sausage patty wrapped in flank or top round steak labeled as London broil. Another variant, popular in Southern Ontario, is a London broil "loaf", wherein the tenderized flank steak exterior is wrapped around minced and spiced veal as the filler. In some regions, bacon will be added between the flank steak and the veal grind.

== See also ==

List of beef dishes
List of steak dishes

== References ==London broil is a beef dish made by grilling marinated beef, then cutting it across the grain into thin strips. While the inclusion of "London" in the name may suggest British origins, "broil" is not a common term in UK English, and indeed the dish is American, not British.

== Cut ==
"London broil" originally referred to grilled flank steak, although modern butchers may label top round, coulotte, or other cuts as "London broil", and the term has come to refer more to a method of preparation and cookery than to a specific cut of meat.

==London broil is a beef dish made by broiling marinated beef, then cutting it across the grain into thin strips. Despite its name, the dish and the terminology are North American, not British.London broil is a beef dish made by grilling marinated beef, then cutting it across the grain into thin strips. While the inclusion of "London" in the name may suggest British origins, "broil" is not a common term in UK English, and indeed the dish is American, not British.

== Cut ==
"London broil" originally referred to grilled flank steak, although modern butchers may label

Question: From which country, that possesses an emergency response guidebook including response guides in a particular section, does the cut of meat known as London broil originate?

Question: where does the london broil cut come from

Answer: North American

Question: which section of the #1 emergency response guidebook contains the response guides

Answer: The fourth section, with orange page borders

Answer: The fourth section, with orange page borders

The London broil cut comes from a country with an emergency response guidebook with response guides in which section?


Switzerland

 country located in west-central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland is geographically divided among the Swiss Plateau, the Alps and the Jura; the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, whereas most of the country's population of 9 million are concentrated on the plateau, which hosts its largest cities and economic centres, including Zurich, Geneva, and Basel.
Switzerland originates from the Old Swiss Confederacy established in the Late Middle Ages, following a series of military successes against Austria and Burgundy; the Federal Charter of 1291 is considered the country's founding document. Swiss independence from the Holy Roman Empire was formally recognised in the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. Switzerland has maintained a policy of armed neutrality since the 16th century and has not fought an international war since 1815. It joined the United Nations only in 2002 but pursues an active foreign policy that includes frequent involvement in peace building.
Switzerland is the birthplace of the Red Cross and hosts the headquarters or offices of most major international institutions, including the WTO, the WHO, the ILO, FIFA, and the UN. It is a founding member of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), but not part of the European Union (EU), the European Economic Area, or the eurozone; however, it participates in the European single market and the Schengen Area. Switzerland is a federal republic composed of 26 cantons, with federal authorities based in Bern.
Switzerland is one of the world's most developed countries, with the highest nominal wealth per adult and the eighth-highest gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. Switzerland ranks first in the Human Development Index since 2021 and also performs highly on several international metrics, including economic competitiveness and democratic governance. Cities such as Zurich, Geneva and Basel rank among the highest in terms of quality of life, albeit with some of the highest costs of living.
Switzerland holds an international reputation for its established banking sector, alongside its distinctive recognition for their watchmaking  and chocolate production.
It has four main linguistic and cultural regions: German, French, Italian and Romansh. Although most Swiss are German-speaking, national identity is fairly cohesive, being rooted in a common historical background, shared values such as federalism and direct democracy, and Alpine symbolism. Swiss identity transcends language, ethnicity, and religion, leading to Switzerland being described as a Willensnation ("nation of volition") rather than a nation state. Due to its linguistic diversity, Switzerland is known by multiple native names: Schweiz [����va��ts] (German); Suisse [s��is(ə)]  (French); Svizzera [��zvittsera] (Italian); and Svizra [����vi��tsr��, ����vi��ts����] (Romansh). On coins and stamps, the Latin name, Confoederatio Helvetica—frequently shortened to "Helvetia"—is used instead of the spoken languages.

== Etymology ==

The English name Switzerland is a portmanteau of Switzer, an obsolete term for a Swiss person which was in use during the 16th to 19th centuries, and land. The English adjective Swiss is a loanword from French Suisse, also in use since the 16th century. The name Switzer is from the Alemannic Schwiizer, in origin an inhabitant of Schwyz and its associated territory, one of the Waldstätte cantons which formed the nucleus of the Old Swiss Confederacy. The Swiss began to adopt the name for themselves after the Swabian War of 1499, used alongside the term for "Confederates", Eidgenossen (literally: comrades by oath), used since the 14th century. The data code for Switzerland, CH, is derived from Latin Confoederatio Helvetica (Helvetic Confederation).
The toponym Schwyz itself was first attested in 972, as Old High German Suittes, perhaps related to swedan 'to burn' (cf. Old Norse svíða 'to singe, burn'), referring to the area of forest that was burned and cleared to build. The name was extended to the area dominated by the canton,Swiss are fans of football and the national team is nicknamed the 'Nati'. The headquarters of the sport's governing body, the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA), is located in Zürich. Switzerland hosted the 1954 FIFA World Cup, and was the joint host, with Austria, of the Euro 2008 tournament. The Swiss Super League is the nation's professional club league. For the Brasil 2014 World Cup finals tournament, the country's German-speaking cantons will be closely monitored by local police forces to prevent celebrations beyond one hour after matches end. Europe's highest football pitch, at 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) above sea level, is located in Switzerland and is named the Ottmar Hitzfeld Stadium.There are 12 universities in Switzerland, ten of which are maintained at cantonal level and usually offer a range of non-technical subjects. The first university in Switzerland was founded in 1460 in Basel (with a faculty of medicine) and has a tradition of chemical and medical research in Switzerland. The biggest university in Switzerland is the University of Zurich with nearly 25,000 students. The two institutes sponsored by the federal government are the ETHZ in Zürich (founded 1855) and the EPFL in Lausanne (founded 1969 as such, formerly an institute associated with the University of Lausanne) which both have an excellent international reputation.[note 10]Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland is geographically divided among the Swiss Plateau, the Alps and the Jura; the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, whereas most of the country's population of 9 million are concentrated on the plateau, which hosts its largest cities and economic centres, including Zurich, Geneva, and Basel.
Switzerland originates from the Old Swiss Confederacy established in the Late Middle Ages, following a series of military successes against Austria and Burgundy; the Federal Charter of 1291 is considered the country's founding document. Swiss independence from the Holy Roman Empire was formally recognised in the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. Switzerland has maintained a policy of armed neutrality since the 16th century and has not fought an international war since 1815. It joined the United Nations only in 2002 but pursues an active foreign policy that includes frequent involvement in peace building.
Switzerland is the birthplace of the Red Cross and hosts the headquarters or offices of most major international institutions, including the WTO, the WHO, the ILO, FIFA, and the UN. It is a founding member of the European Free

Association football

 (27–28 in) in circumference. The two teams compete to get the ball into the other team's goal (between the posts, under the bar, and fully across the goal line), thereby scoring a goal. When the ball is in play, the players mainly use their feet, but may use any other part of their body, except for their hands or arms, to control, strike, or pass the ball. Only the goalkeepers may use their hands and arms, and only then within the penalty area. The team that has scored more goals at the end of the game is the winner. There are situations where a goal can be disallowed, such as an offside call or a foul in the build-up to the goal. Depending on the format of the competition, an equal number of goals scored may result in a draw being declared, or the game goes into extra time or a penalty shoot-out.
Internationally, association football is governed by FIFA. Under FIFA, there are six continental confederations: AFC, CAF, CONCACAF, CONMEBOL, OFC, and UEFA. Of these confederations, CONMEBOL is the oldest one, being founded in 1916. National associations (e.g. The FA or JFA) are responsible for managing the game in their own countries both professionally and at an amateur level, and coordinating competitions in accordance with the Laws of the Game. The most senior and prestigious international competitions are the FIFA World Cup and the FIFA Women's World Cup. The men's World Cup is the most-viewed sporting event in the world, surpassAssociation football in itself does not have a classical history. Notwithstanding any similarities to other ball games played around the world FIFA have recognised that no historical connection exists with any game played in antiquity outside Europe. The modern rules of association football are based on the mid-19th century efforts to standardise the widely varying forms of football played in the public schools of England. The history of football in England dates back to at least the eighth century AD.AssAssociation football in itself does not have a classical history. Notwithstanding any similarities to other ball games played around the world FIFA have recognised that no historical connection exists with any game played in antiquity outside Europe. The modern rules of association football are based on the mid-19th century efforts to standardise the widely varying forms of football played in the public schools of England. The history of football in England dates back to at least the eighth century AD., for a total match time of 90 minutes. With an estimated 250 million players active in over 200 countries and territories, it is the world's most popular sport.
The game of association football is played in accordance with the Laws of the Game, a set of rules that has been in effect since 1863 and maintained by the IFAB since 1886. The game is played with a football that is 68–70 cm (27–28 in) in circumference. The two teams compete to get the ball into the other team's goal (between the posts, under the bar, and fully across the goal line), thereby scoring a goal. When the ball is in play, the players mainly use their feet, but may use any other part of their body, except for their hands or arms, to control, strike, or pass the ball. Only the goalkeepers may use their hands and arms, and only then

Question: What is the full form of the abbreviation used for the organization that claimed there's no historical link between association football and any other game outside Europe?

Question: What organization has said that there is no historical connection to association football with any other game outside of Europe?

Answer: FIFA

Question: What does #1 stand for?

Answer: International Federation of Association Football

Answer: International Federation of Association Football

What does the acronym of the organization that said there is no historical connection to association football with any other game outside of Europe stand for?


Zahi Hawass

 1969, and Abu Simbel between 1972 and 1974.
He sporadically taught Egyptian archaeology and history and culture at universities in Egypt and the USA between 1988 and 2001, most notably at the American University in Cairo, the University of California, Los Angeles and Alexandria University. Hawass has described his efforts as trying to help institute a systematic program for the preservation and restoration of historical monuments, while training Egyptians to improve their expertise on methods of excavation, retrieval and preservation.

==== Giza ====

Hawass was Inspector of Antiquities for Giza 1972–74, First Inspector until 1979 and Chief Inspector in 1980.
Starting in 1987, he held the position of Director General of the Giza monuments, which includes the sites of Giza, Saqqara, Memphis, Dahshur, Abusir and Bahariya Oasis.
After the discovery of Gantenbrink's Door in 1993, he left the position –  according to Hawass, a resignation – but was reinstated several months later, following a change in leadership and the transformation of the Egyptian Antiquities Organization into the Supreme Council of Antiquities.
He was promoted to Undersecretary of the State for the Giza Monuments in 1998.
Hawass continues to be involved in archaeological projects at Giza and other sites in Egypt. As of 201Hawass was born in a small village near Damietta, Egypt. Although he originally dreamed of becoming an attorney, he obtained a bachelor of arts degree in Greek and Roman Archaeology from Alexandria University in Alexandria, Egypt in 1967.  In 1979, Hawass earned a diploma in Egyptology from Cairo University.  Hawass then worked at the Great Pyramids as an inspector—a combination of administrator and archaeologist.  When he was 33 years old, Hawass was awarded a Fulbright Fellowship to attend the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia to study Egyptology, earning a master of arts degree in Egyptology and Syro-Palestinian Archaeology in 1983, and his PhD in Egyptology in 1987 from the Graduate Group in the Art and Archaeology of the Mediterranean World (AAMW), concentrating on "The Funerary Establishments of Khufu, Khafra and Menkaura During the Old Kingdom."Hawass was born in a small village near Damietta, Egypt. Although he originally dreamed of becoming an attorney, he obtained a bachelor of arts degree in Greek and Roman Archaeology from Alexandria University in Alexandria, Egypt in 1967.  In 1979, Hawass earned a diploma in Egyptology from Cairo University.  Hawass then worked at the Great Pyramids as an inspector—a combination of administrator and archaeologist.  When he was 33 years old, Hawass was awarded a Fulbright Fellowship to attend the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia to study Egyptology, earning a master of arts degree in Egyptology and Syro-Palestinian Archaeology in 1983, and his PhD in Egyptology in 1987 from the Graduate Group in the Art and Archaeology of the Mediterranean World (AAMW), concentrating on "The Funerary Establishments of Khufu, Khafra and Menkaura During the Old Kingdom." and also one in Syro-Palestinian Archaeology in 1983, and his PhD in Egyptology in 1987 from the Graduate Group in the Art and Archaeology of the Mediterranean World (AAM

Egypt

 University fall in the 701+ range. Egypt is currently opening new research institutes for the aim of modernising research in the nation, the most recent example of which is Zewail City of Science and Technology.ECairo University is ranked as 401-500 according to the Academic Ranking of World Universities (Shanghai Ranking) and 551-600 according to QS World University Rankings. American University in Cairo is ranked as 360 according to QS World University Rankings and Al-Azhar University, Alexandria University and Ain Shams University fall in the 701+ range. Egypt is currently opening new research institutes for the aim of modernising research in the nation, the most recent example of which is Zewail City of Science and Technology.aba in the northeast separates Egypt from Jordan and Saudi Arabia. Cairo is the capital and largest city of Egypt, while Alexandria, the second-largest city, is an important industrial and tourist hub at the Mediterranean coast. AtCairo University is ranked as 401-500 according to the Academic Ranking of World Universities (Shanghai Ranking) and 551-600 according to QS World University Rankings. American University in Cairo is ranked as 360 according to QS World University Rankings and Al-Azhar University, Alexandria University and Ain Shams University fall in the 701+ range. Egypt is currently opening new research institutes for the aim of modernising research in the nation, the most recent example of which is Zewail City of Science and Technology.Egypt (Arabic: مصر Mi���r [mes��r], Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [m��s��r]), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and the Sinai Peninsula in the southwest corner of Asia. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip of Palestine and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south, and Libya to the west. The Gulf of Aqaba in the northeast separates Egypt from Jordan and Saudi Arabia. Cairo is the capital and largest city of Egypt, while Alexandria, the second-largest city, is an important industrial and tourist hub at the Mediterranean coast. At approximately 100 million inhabitants, Egypt is the 14th-most populated country in the world, and the third-most populated in Africa.
Egypt has one of the longest histories of any country, tracing its heritage along the Nile Delta back to the 6th–4th millennia BCE. Considered a cradle of civilisation, Ancient Egypt saw some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government. Egypt was an early and important centre of Christianity, later adopting Islam from the seventh century onwards. Cairo became the capital of the Fatimid Caliphate in the tenth century, and of the Mamluk Sultanate in the 13th century. Egypt then became part of the Ottoman Empire in 1517, before its local ruler Muhammad Ali established modern Egypt as an autonomous Khedivate in 1867.
The country was then occupied by the British Empire and gained independence in 1922 as a monarchy. Following the 1952 revolution, Egypt declared itself a republic. For a brief period between 1958 and 1961 Egypt merged with Syria to form the United Arab Republic. Egypt fought several armed conflicts with Israel in 1948, 1956, 1967 and 1973, and occupied the Gaza Strip intermittently until 1967. In 1978, Egypt signed the Camp David Accords, which recognised Israel in exchange for its withdrawal from the occupied Sinai. After the Arab Spring, which led to the 2011 Egyptian revolution and overthrow of Hosni Mubarak, the country faced a protracted period of political unrest; this included the election in 2012 of a brief, short-lived Muslim Brotherhood-aligned Islamist government spearheaded by Mohamed Morsi, and its subsequent overthrow after mass protests in 2013.
Egypt's current government, a semi-presidential republic led by president Abdel Fattah el-Sisi since he was elected in 2014, has been described by a number of watchdogs as authoritarian and responsible for perpetuating the country's poor human rights record. Islam is the official religion of Egypt, and Arabic is its official language. The great majority of its people live near the banks of the Nile River, an area of about 40,000 square kilometres (15,000 sq mi), where the only arable land is found. The large regions of the Sahara desert, which constitute most of Egypt's territory, are sparsely inhabited. About 43% of Egypt's residents live across the country's urban areas, with most spread across the densely populated centres of greater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta. Egypt is considered to be a regional power in North Africa, the Middle East and the Muslim world, and a middle power worldwide. It is a developing country having a diversified economy, which is the largest in Africa, the 38th-largest economy by nominal GDP and 127th by nominal GDP per capita. Egypt is a founding member of the United Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement, the Arab League, the African Union, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, World Youth Forum, and a member of BRICS.

== Names ==
The English name "Egypt" is derived from the Ancient Greek "Aígyptos" ("�����γυπτος"), via Middle French "Egypte" and Latin "Aegyptus". It is reflected in early Greek Linear B tablets as "a-ku-pi-ti-yo". The adjective "aigýpti-"/"aigýptios" was borrowed into Coptic as "gyptios", and from there into Arabic as "qub���ī", back formed into "قبط" ("qub���"), whence English "Copt". Prominent Ancient Greek historian and Geographer, Strabo, provided a folk etymology stating that "�����γυπτος" (Aigýptios) had originally evolved as a compound from "A���γαίου ���πτίως" Aegaeou huptiōs, meaning "Below the Aegean".
"Mi���r" (Arabic pronunciation: [mis����]; "مِصر") is the Classical Quranic Arabic and modern official name of Egypt, while "Ma���r" (Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [m��s����]; مَصر) is the local pronunciation in Egyptian Arabic.  The current name of Egypt, Misr/Misir/Misru, stems from the Ancient Semitic name for it. The term originally connoted "Civilization" or "Metropolis". Classical Arabic Mi���r (Egyptian Arabic Ma���r) is directly cognate with the Biblical Hebrew Mitsráyīm (מ������ר��י���� / מ������ר��י����), meaning "the two straits", a reference to the predynastic separation of Upper and Lower Egypt. Also mentioned in several Semitic languages as Mesru, Misir and Masar. The oldest attestation of this name for Egypt is the Akkadian "mi-i���-ru" ("mi���ru") related to mi���ru/mi���irru/mi���aru, meaning "border" or "frontier". The Neo-Assyrian Empire used the derived term , Mu-���ur.

== History ==

=== Prehistory and Ancient Egypt ===

There is evidence of rock carvings along the Nile terraces and in desert oases. In the 10th millennium BCE, a culture of hunter-gatherers and fishers was replaced by a grain-grinding culture. Climate changes or overgrazing around 8000 BCE began to desiccate the pastoral lands of Egypt, forming the Sahara. Early tribal peoples migrated to the Nile River where they developed a settled agricultural economy and more centralised society.
By about 6000 BCE, a Neolithic culture took root in the Nile Valley. During the Neolithic era, several predynastic cultures developed independently in Upper and Lower Egypt. The Badarian culture and the successor Naqada series are generally regarded as precursors to dynastic Egypt. The earliest known Lower Egyptian site, Merimda, predates the Badarian by about seven hundred years. Contemporaneous Lower Egyptian communities coexisted with their southern counterparts for more than two thousand years, remaining culturally distinct, but maintaining frequent contact through trade. The earliest known evidence of Egyptian hieroglyphic inscriptions appeared during the predynastic period on Naqada III pottery vessels, dated to about 3200 BCE.

A unified kingdom was founded c.��3150 BCE by King Menes, leading to a series of dynasties that ruled Egypt for the next three millennia. Egyptian culture flourished during this long period and remained distinctively Egyptian in its religion, arts, language and customs. The first two ruling dynasties of a unified Egypt set the stage for the Old Kingdom period, c.��2700–2200 BCE, which constructed many pyramids, most notably the Third Dynasty pyramid of Djoser and the Fourth Dynasty Giza pyramids.
The First Intermediate Period ushered in a time of political upheaval for about 150 years. Stronger Nile floods and stabilisation of government, however, brought back renewed prosperity for the country in the Middle Kingdom c.��204

Question: What is the ranking of the university from which Hawass graduated, as per the QS World University Rankings?

Question: Where did Hawass graduate from university?

Answer: Cairo University

Question: According to QS World University Rankings where does #1 rank?

Answer: 551-600

Answer: 551-600

According to QS World University Rankings where does the university where Hawass graduated rank?


VTEC

1.7 L (1,678 cc), 1.8 L (1,797 cc), 1.8 L (1,834 cc), and 2.0 litres (1,973 cc) variants, with and without VTEC (Variable valve Timing and Electronic lift Control). Later models have minor upgrades including modifications to the intake valves and ports and piston tops, along with individual cylinder oil injectors (B18C models). They produce between 126 hp (94 kW; 128 PS) and 190 hp (142 kW; 193 PS), with some models capable of a redline over 8500 RPM.
Although it has many variations, the basic design differs very little among the B-Series. There are actually two short blocks which are used for the entire series. The distinction between them was the cylinder block deck height. The one used for B16 and B17 engines (except for B16B) has a deck height of 203.9 mm (8.03 in) while the short block used for B16B, B18 and B20 engines has a deck height of 212 mm (8.3 in).
The Honda B16 has appeared in six different forms over the years.
The Honda B-series was replaced by the K-series in Civic, Integra, Odyssey, and CR-V applications.

== B16 ==

=== B16A (First Generation) ===

The first VTEC engine.

B16A found in:
1989-1993 Honda Integra XSi
1989-1991 Honda CRX SiR (EF8)
1989-1991 Honda Civic SiR (EF9)
Displacement: 1.6 L; 97.3 cu in (1,595 cc)
Compression: 10.2:1
Bore x Stroke: 81 mm × 77.4 mm (3.19 in × 3.05 in)
Rod Length: 134 mm (5.3 in)
Rod/stroke ratio: 1.745
Power: 158 hp (118 kW; 160 PS) at 7600 RPM & 150 N���m (111 lb���ft) at 7000 RPM
RPM:
VTEC engagement: 5500 RPM
Redline: 8000 RPM
Rev Limit: 8200 RPM
Transmission: S1/J1/YS1 (4.4 final drive, cable clutch, optional LSD for YS1), Y1 (4.266 final drive, cable clutch, optional LSD)
ECU code: P-fk1 (DA6/DA8/EF8), PW0 (EF8/EF9/DA6), PR3 (EF8/EF9) OBD0

=== B16A (Second Generation) ===

Found in:
1992–1993 Honda Integra "XSi" (DA6, DA8)
1992–1994 Honda Civic SiR/SiRII (EG6)
1992–1993 Honda Civic Ferio SiR (EG9)
1992–1995 Honda CR-X del Sol SiR (EG2)
1996–1998 Honda Civic SiR/SiRII (EK4)
1996–2000 Honda Civic Ferio SiR (EK4)
Displacement: 1.6 L; 97.3 cu in (1,595 cc)
Compression: 10.4:1
Bore x Stroke: 81 mm × 77.4 mm (3.19 in × 3.05 in)
Rod Length: 134 mm (5.3 in)
Rod/stroke ratio: 1.745
Power: MT: 172 PS (127 kW; 170 hp) at 7400 RPM & 157 N���m (116 lb���ft) at 7000 RPM
RPM:
VTEC engagement: 5500 RPM
Redline: 8200 RPM
Transmission: YS1/S4C/Y21/S21/ S24A (4.4 final drive, optional LSD)
ECU code: P30 (EG2/EG6/EG8/EG9), PR3 (DA6)
OBD1 P2T (EK4) OBD2

=== B16B (Type R) ===

Found in:
1997–2000 Civic Type R
Displacement: 1.6 L; 97.3 cu in (1,595 cc)
Compression ratio: 10.8:1
Bore x stroke: 81 mm × 77.4 mm (3.19 in × 3.05 in)
Rod/Stroke ratio: 1.85:1
Rod Length: 142.42 mm (5.607 in)
Power: 185 PS (182 hp; 136 kW) at 8,200 RPM
Torque: 160 N���m (118 lb���ft) at 7500 RPM
RPM:
VTEC engagement: 6,100 RPM
Redline: 8,400 RPM
Rev Limit: 9,000 RPM
Transmission: S4C With Helical LSD (4.4 final drive, dual-cone synchronizer on second gear)
ECU code: PCT
ECU Socket Type: OBD-2A (1996-1998 models) / OBD-2B (1999-2000 models)
Note: This engine uses the same block as the Integra Type R, which is taller than the B16A block, but with a crank the same stroke as the B16A. It uses longer rods to accommodate for this, which is why the Rod/Stroke ratio is higher than a standard B16. It is basically a ‘Destroked B18C Type R engine’

=== B16A1 ===

VTEC
Found in:
CRX'1.6 DOHC VTEC (EE8) - European market (EDM)
Civic'1.6 DOHC VTEC (EE9) - European market (EDM)
Displacement: 1.6 L; 97.3 cu in (1,595 cc)
Bore×Stroke: 81 mm × 77.4 mm (3.19 in × 3.05 in)
Compression: at 10.2:1
Power: 150 hp (112 kW; 152 PS) at 7600 RPM
Torque: 111 lb���ft (150 N���m) at 7100 RPM
RPM:
VTEC engagement: 5200 RPM
Redline: 8200 RPM
Transmission: Y2
OBD0
ECU CODE: PW0

=== BVTEC (Variable Valve Timing & Lift Electronic Control) is a system developed by Honda to improve the volumetric efficiency of a four-stroke internal combustion engine, resulting in higher performance at high RPM, and lower fuel consumption at low RPM. The VTEC system uses two (or occasionally three) camshaft profiles and hydraulically selects between profiles. It was invented by Honda engineer Ikuo Kajitani. It is distinctly different from standard VVT (variable valve timing) systems which change only the valve timings and do not change the camshaft profile or valve lift in any way.The B-series are a family of inline four-cylinder DOHC automotive engines introduced by HondaVTEC (Variable Valve Timing & Lift Electronic Control) is a system developed by Honda to improve the volumetric efficiency of a four-stroke internal combustion engine, resulting in higher performance at high RPM, and lower fuel consumption at low RPM. The VTEC system uses two (or occasionally three) camshaft profiles and hydraulically selects between profiles. It was invented by Honda engineer Ikuo Kajitani. It is distinctly different from standard VVT (variable valve timing) systems which change only the valve timings and do not change the camshaft profile or valve lift in any way., another number. The Japanese spec-engines are normally designated with a four character alphanumeric designation. The B-series, the B20B variant in particular, is not to be confused with the earlier Honda

1973 oil crisis

lamented the small size of the first Japanese compacts, and both Toyota and Nissan (then known as Datsun) introduced larger cars such as the Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota CressSome buyers lamented the small size of the first Japanese compacts, and both Toyota and Nissan (then known as Datsun) introduced larger cars such as the Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota Cressida, the Mazda 616 and Datsun 810, which added passenger space and amenities such as air conditioning, power steering, AM-FM radios, and even power windows and central locking without increasing the price of the vehicle. A decade after the 1973 oil crisis, Honda, Toyota and Nissan, affected by the 1981 voluntary export restraints, opened US assembly plants and established their luxury divisions (Acura, Lexus and Infiniti, respectively) to distinguish themselves from their mass-market brands. lifted the embargo, but the price of oil had risen by nearly 300%: from US$3 per barrel ($19/m3) to nearly US$12 per barrel ($75/m3) globally. Prices in the United States were significantly higher than the global average. After it was implemented, the embargo caused an oil crisis,

Scion (automobile)

2001. In response, Toyota chose to launch a separate marque, an effort called Project Exodus. A Los Angeles-based digital design company, Fresh Machine, was retained by Toyota to develop the brand, logo, and website. This project became known as Scion. Toyota had previously participated in a project in Japan with other Japanese companies whoScion is a discontinued marque of Toyota that started in 2003. It was designed as an extension of its efforts to appeal towards younger customers. The Scion brand primarily featured sports compact vehicles (primarily badge engineered from Toyota's international models), a simplified "pure price" model, and eschewed trim levels in favor of offering a single trim for each vehicle with a range of factory and aftermarket options for buyers to choose from to personalize their vehicle. The "Scion" name, meaning the descendant of a family or heir, refers both to the brand's cars and their owners. The brand first soft launched in the United States at selected Toyota dealers in the state of California in June 2003, before expanding nationwide by February 2004. In 2010, Scion expanded into Canada. In an effort to target the generation Y demographic, Scion primarily relied on guerrilla and viral marketing techniques. peaked in 2006 with 173,034 units sold. In 2010, Scion expanded into Canada. However, Toyota's initial propositions of short product cycles and aggressive pricing based on low dealer margins became increasingly unsustainable as sales fell after the financial crisis of 2007–2008. Toyota abolished the Scion brand at the start of the 2017 model year in August 2016; the vehicles were either rebranded as Toyotas or discontinued.

== History ==
In 1999, Toyota launched Project Genesis, an effort to bring younger buyers to the Toyota marque in the United States. This project aimed to create a "marque within a marque" in sales and advertising strategy for compact and coupe models sold by Toyota. The effort, which included the introduction of the Toyota Echo economy car, along with late generation Toyota MR-2 and Toyota Celica models, was judged unsuccessful and cancelled in 2001. In response, Toyota chose to launch a separate marque, an effort called Project Exodus. A Los Angeles-based digital design company, Fresh Machine, was retained by Toyota to develop the brand, logo, and website. This project became known as Scion. Toyota had previously participated in a project in Japan with other Japanese companies who attempted to market products to younger buyers. Toyota manufactured three vehicles under the WiLL brandname, which were exclusive to Toyota Netz Store Japanese dealerships.

Scion was marketed as a youth brand and was first introduced in March 2002, at the New York Auto Show. There were just two concept vehicles, the bbX (which became the xB), and the ccX (which became the tC). The 2004 xA and xB were unveiled at the Greater Los Angeles Auto Show on January 2,

Question: When did the manufacturers of VTEC, the proprietors of Scion, and Nissan inaugurate their assembly factories in the United States?

Question: Scion >> owned by

Answer: Toyota

Question: What company built VTEC?

Answer: Honda

Question: When did #2 , #1 and Nissan open US assembly plants?

Answer: 1981

Answer: 1981

When did the company that built VTEC, the owner of Scion, and Nissan open US Assembly plants?


Geography of Saudi Arabia

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a country situated in Southwest Asia, the largest country of Arabia, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, north of Yemen. Its extensive coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Red Sea provide great leverage on shipping (especially crude oil) through the Persian Gulf and Suez Canal. The kingdom occupies 80% of the Arabian Peninsula. Most of the country's boundaries with the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, and the Republic of Yemen (formerly two separate countries: the Yemen Arab Republic or North Yemen; and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen or South Yemen) are undefined, so the exact size of the country remains unknown. The Saudi government estimate is at 2,217,949 square kilometres, while other reputable estimates vary between 2,149,690 and 2,240,000 sq. kilometres. Less than 1% of the total area is suitable for cultivation, and in the early 1990s, population distribution varied greatly among the towns of the eastern and western coastal areas, the densely populated interior oases, and the vast, almost empty deserts. coastal border of almost 1,800 km (1,100 mi) that extends to the southern part of Yemen and follows a mountain ridge for approximately 320 km (200 mi) to the vicinity of Najran. This sectionThe Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a country situated in Southwest Asia, the largest country of Arabia, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, north of Yemen. Its extensive coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Red Sea provide great leverage on shipping (especially crude oil) through the Persian Gulf and Suez Canal. The kingdom occupies 80% of the Arabian Peninsula. Most of the country's boundaries with the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, and the Republic of Yemen (formerly two separate countries:

Israel

 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development since 2010.

== Etymology ==

Under the British Mandate (1920–1948), the whole region was known as Palestine. Upon establishment in 1948, the country formally adopted the name State of Israel (Hebrew: מ��ד��י����ת ����ש����ר��א��ל,  [medi��nat jis��a����el]; Arabic: دَوْلَة إِسْرَا��ِيل, Dawlat Isrā��īl, [dawlat ��isra������i��l]) after other proposed names including Land of Israel (Eretz Israel), Ever (from ancestor EberIsrael (/ˈɪzreɪəl/ or /ˈɪzriːəl/; Hebrew: יִשְׂרָאֵל Yisrā'el; Arabic: إِسْرَائِيل Isrāʼīl), officially the State of Israel (Hebrew: מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל Medīnat Yisrā'el [mediˈnat jisʁaˈʔel] ( listen); Arabic: دولة إِسْرَائِيل Dawlat Isrāʼīl [dawlat ʔisraːˈʔiːl]), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. The country is situated in the Middle East at the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Gulf of Aqaba in the Red Sea. It shares land borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan on the east, the Palestinian territories (which are claimed by the State of Palestine and are partially controlled by Israel) comprising the West Bank and Gaza Strip to the east and west, respectively, and Egypt to the southwest. It contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel's financial and technology center is Tel Aviv while Jerusalem is both the self-designated capital and most populous individual city under the country's governmental administration. Israeli sovereignty over Jerusalem is internationally unrecognized.[note 1] who emigrated, fled, or were expelled from the Muslim world. The 1949 Armistice Agreements established Israel's borders over most of the former Mandate territory. The 1967 Six-Day War saw Israel occupy the West Bank, Gaza Strip, Egyptian Sinai Peninsula and Syrian Golan Heights. Israel has established and continues to expand settlements across the occupied territories, which is widely considered illegal under international law, and has effectively annexed East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights, which is largely unrecognized internationally. Since the 1973 Yom Kippur War, Israel has signed peace treaties with Egypt, returning the Sinai Peninsula, and Jordan, and into the 2020s has normalized relations with several Arab countries. However, efforts to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict have not succeeded. Israel's practices in its occupation of the Palestinian territories have drawn sustained international criticism along with accusations that it has committed war crimes and crimes against humanity against the Palestinian people from human rights organizations and United Nations officials.
The country has a parliamentary system elected by proportional representation. The prime minister is head of government, and elected by the Knesset, a unicameral legislature. Israel is the only country to have a revived language, Hebrew, as the official language. The culture of Israel is composed of

Chaim Herzog

 nation's president.

== Biography ==

Chaim Herzog was born on Cliftonpark Avenue in Belfast as the son of Rabbi Yitzhak HaLevi Herzog, who was Chief Rabbi of Ireland from 1919 to 1937 (and later of Mandatory Palestine and theMajor-General Chaim Herzog (; 17 September 1918 – 17 April 1997) was an Israeli politician, general, lawyer and author who served as the sixth President of Israel between 1983 and 1993. Born in Belfast and raised predominantly in Dublin, the son of Ireland's Chief Rabbi Yitzhak HaLevi Herzog, he emigrated to Mandatory Palestine in 1935 and served in the Haganah Jewish paramilitary group during the 1936–39 Arab revolt. In the British Army during World War II, latterly as an officer, he received the nickname "Vivian" because the British could not pronounce "Chaim". He returned to Palestine after the war and, following the end of the British Mandate and Israel's Declaration of Independence in 1948, operated in the battles for Latrun during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. He retired from the Israel Defence Forces in 1962 with the rank of Major-General.MMajor-General Chaim Herzog (; 17 September 1918 – 17 April 1997) was an Israeli politician, general, lawyer and author who served as the sixth President of Israel between 1983 and 1993. Born in Belfast and raised predominantly in Dublin, the son of Ireland's Chief Rabbi Yitzhak HaLevi Herzog, he emigrated to Mandatory Palestine in 1935 and served in the Haganah Jewish paramilitary group during the 1936–39 Arab revolt. In the British Army during World War II, latterly as an officer, he received the nickname "Vivian" because the British could not pronounce "Chaim". He returned to Palestine after the war and, following the end of the British Mandate and Israel's Declaration of Independence in 1948, operated in the battles for Latrun during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. He retired from the Israel Defence Forces in 1962 with the rank of Major-General. a co-founder of Herzog, Fox & Ne'eman, which would become one of Israel's largest law firms. Between 1975 and 1978 he served as Israel's Permanent Representative to the United Nations, in which capacity he denounced UN General Assembly Resolution 3379—the "Zionism is Racism" resolution—and symbolically tore it up before the assembly. Herzog entered politics in the 1981 elections, winning a Knesset seat as a member of the Alignment. Two years later, in March 1983, he was elected to the largely ceremonial role of President. He served for two five-year terms before retiring in 1993. He died four years later and was buried on Mount Herz

Saudi Arabia

 the Land of the Two Holy Mosques'' in reference to Al - Masjid al - Haram (in Mecca) and Al - Masjid an - Nabawi (in Medina), the two holiest places in Islam. As of 2013, the state had a total population of 28.7 million, of which 20 million were Saudi nationals and 8 million were foreigners. As of 2017, the population is 33 million. The state's official language is Arabic.Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in West Asia and the Middle East. It covers the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula and has a land area of about 2,150,000 kmThe area of modern - day Saudi Arabia formerly consisted of four distinct regions: Hejaz, Najd and parts of Eastern Arabia (Al - Ahsa) and Southern Arabia ('Asir). The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded in 1932 by Ibn Saud. He united the four regions into a single state through a series of conquests beginning in 1902 with the capture of Riyadh, the ancestral home of his family, the House of Saud. Saudi Arabia has since been an absolute monarchy, effectively a hereditary dictatorship governed along Islamic lines. The ultraconservative Wahhabi religious movement within Sunni Islam has been called ``the predominant feature of Saudi culture '', with its global spread largely financed by the oil and gas trade. Saudi Arabia is sometimes called`` the Land of the Two Holy Mosques'' in reference to Al - Masjid al - Haram (in Mecca) and Al - Masjid an - Nabawi (in Medina), the two holiest places in Islam. As of 2013, the state had a total population of 28.7 million, of which 20 million were Saudi nationals and 8 million were foreigners. As of 2017, the population is 33 million. The state's official language is Arabic. Islam, the world's second-largest religion, emerged in what is now Saudi Arabia in the early seventh century. Islamic prophet Muhammad united the population of the Arabian Peninsula and created a single Islamic religious polity. Following his death in 632, his followers expanded Muslim rule beyond Arabia, conquering territories in North Africa, Central, South Asia and Iberia within decades. Arab dynasties originating from modern-day Saudi Arabia founded the Rashidun (632–661), Umayyad (661The area of modern - day Saudi Arabia formerly consisted of four distinct regions: Hejaz, Najd and parts of Eastern Arabia (Al - Ahsa) and Southern Arabia ('Asir). The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded in 1932 by Ibn Saud. He united the four regions into a single state through a series of conquests beginning in 1902 with the capture of Riyadh, the ancestral home of his family, the House of Saud. Saudi Arabia has since been an absolute monarchy, effectively a hereditary dictatorship governed along Islamic lines. The ultraconservative Wahhabi religious movement within Sunni Islam has been called ``the predominant feature of Saudi culture '', with its global spread largely financed by the oil and gas trade. Saudi Arabia is sometimes called`` the Land of the Two Holy Mosques'' in reference to Al - Masjid al - Haram (in Mecca) and Al - Masjid an - Nabawi (in Medina), the two holiest places in Islam. As of 2013, the state had a total population of 28.7 million, of which 20 million were Saudi nationals and 8 million were foreigners. As of 2017, the population is 33 million. The state's official language is Arabic.Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in West Asia and the Middle East. It covers the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula and has a land area of about 2,150,000 km2 (830,000 sq mi), making it the fifth-largest country in Asia and the largest in the Middle East. It is bordered by the Red Sea to the west; Jordan, Iraq, and Kuwait to the north; the Persian Gulf, Bahrain, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates to the east; Oman to the southeast; and Yemen to the south. The Gulf of Aqaba in the northwest separates Saudi Arabia from Egypt and Israel. Saudi Arabia is the only country with a coastline along both the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf, and most of its terrain consists of arid desert, lowland, steppe, and mountains. The capital and largest city is Riyadh; other major cities include Jeddah and the two holiest cities in Islam, Mecca and Medina. With a population of almost 32.2 million, Saudi Arabia is the fourth most populous country in the Arab world.
Pre-Islamic Arabia, the territory that constitutes modern-day Saudi Arabia, has some of the earliest traces of human activity outside Africa. Islam, the world's second-largest religion, emerged in what is now Saudi Arabia in the early seventh century. Islamic prophet Muhammad united the population of the Arabian Peninsula and created a single Islamic religious polity. Following his death in 632, his followers expanded Muslim rule beyond Arabia

Question: What is the establishment date for the area directly to the north of the region that houses the country where Aluf is situated, adjacent to the Persian Gulf?

Question: Aluf >> country

Answer: Israel

Question: Where is #1 located?

Answer: Middle East

Question: what region lies immediately to the north of #2 and the persian gulf

Answer: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Question: when was #3 established

Answer: 1932

Answer: 1932

When was the region immediately north of the region where the country in which Aluf can be found is located and the Persian Gulf established?