London broil

 may label top round, coulotte, or other cuts as "London broil", and the term has come to refer more to a method of preparation and cookery than to a specific cut of meat.

== Preparation ==
The preparation of London broil typically involves marinating the meat for several hours followed by high heat searing in an oven grill or outdoor grill.  It is then served in thin slices, cut across the grain.

== In Canada ==
In parts of central Canada, a ground meat patty wrapped in flank or round steak is known as a London broil.  Some butchers will wrap the flank steak around a concoction of seasoned and ground or tenderized flank steak. Others sell a pork sausage patty wrapped in flank or top round steak labeled as London broil. Another variant, popular in Southern Ontario, is a London broil "loaf", wherein the tenderized flank steak exterior is wrapped around minced and spiced veal as the filler. In some regions, bacon will be added between theLondon broil is a beef dish made by broiling marinated beef, then cutting it across the grain into thin strips. Despite its name, the dish and the terminology are North American, not British.broil" is not a common term in UK English, and indeed the dish is American, not British.

== Cut ==
"London broil" originally referred to grilled flank steak, although modern butchers may label top round, coulotte, or other cuts as "London broil", and the term has come to refer more to a method of preparation and cookery than to a specific cut of meat.

== Preparation ==
The preparation of London broil typically involves marinating the meat for several hours followed by high heat searing in an oven grill or outdoor grill.  It is then served in thin slices, cut across the grain.

== In Canada ==
In parts of central Canada, a ground meat patty wrapped in flank or round steak is known as a London broil.  Some butchers will wrap the flank steak around a concoction of seasoned and ground or tenderized flank steak. Others sell a pork sausage patty wrapped in flank or top round steak labeled as London broil. Another variant, popular in Southern Ontario, is a London broil "loaf", wherein the tenderized flank steak exterior is wrapped around minced and spiced veal as the filler. In some regions, bacon will be added between the flank steak and the veal grind.

== See also ==

List of beef dishes
List of steak dishes

== References ==London broil is a beef dish made by grilling marinated beef, then cutting it across the grain into thin strips. While the inclusion of "London" in the name may suggest British origins, "broil" is not a common term in UK English, and indeed the dish is American, not British.

== Cut ==
"London broil" originally referred to grilled flank steak, although modern butchers may label top round, coulotte, or other cuts as "London broil", and the term has come to refer more to a method of preparation and cookery than to a specific cut of meat.

== Preparation ==
The preparation of London broil typically involves marinating the meat for several hours followed by high heat searing in an oven grill or outdoor grill.  It is then served in thin slices, cut across the grain.

== In Canada ==
In parts of central Canada, a ground meat patty wrapped in flank or round steak is known as a London broil.  Some butchers will wrap the flank steak around a concoction of seasoned and ground or tenderized flank steak. Others sell a pork sausage patty wrapped in flank or top round steak labeled as London broil. Another variant, popular in Southern Ontario, is a London broil "loaf", wherein the tenderized flank steak exterior is wrapped around minced and spiced veal as the filler. In some regions, bacon will be added between the flank steak and the veal grind.

== See also ==

List of beef dishes
List of steak dishes

== References ==London broil is a beef dish made by grilling marinated beef, then cutting it across the grain into thin strips. While the inclusion of "London" in the name may suggest British origins, "broil"

French and Indian War

 none of the French territory seized during the war. France was forced to cede its extensive territory in present-day Canada and Louisiane. The British victory in the French and Indian Wars reduced France's New World empire to St. Pierre and Miquelon (two islands off Newfoundland), a few West Indian islands, and French Guiana.

== Warfare ==

=== Operational goals ===

The belligerents strove in general to control the major transportation and trade routes, not just the sea routes that connected the colonies with the mother country, or the land routes that existed between the different colonies, but also the major fur trade routes leading to the interior of North America. These were normally along lakes and rivers and stretching from the Atlantic to the Mississippi. Many indigenous Nations lived by these routes, and became involved in the wars between the great powers of Europe. The belligerents built fortified positions at major transportation hubs and requested the help of the local indigenous population to defend these, and to attack enemy positions.

=== European tactics ===

A common view is that European combat methods and military tactics were not adapted to the American forests and to the indigenous art of war. It is therefore conjectured that the English colonists designed new combat techniques, inspired by the Indigenous combat methods. These techniques, which included cover and stressed ambushes, is supposed to have been the reason why the colonists finally defeated the French, and then the British army during the American Revolutionary War. In reality, however, the French and Indian wars were finally won by Britain through the application of traditional European tactics. The Fortress of Louisbourg surrendered twice after sieges conducted according to the rules of European warfare, and the Battle of the Plains of Abraham 1759 was a European battle fought in closed formations in the open.

=== Petty warfare ===
Although ultimately futile, the French fought according to the tactical doctrine contemporaries called la Petite guerre, or today's guerilla warfare. The numerical inferiority of the French forces in North America made it impossible to fight a war according to standard European tactics. Hence the French to a large extent made use of indigenous allies (see below). The small French population; New France's dependence on the fur trade, mutually profitable for both French and indigenous peoples; and the common threat from the British colonies, made the indigenous peoples willing allies. The Battle of the Monongahela was the largest achievement of the petty warfare tactics. But at the end of the French and Indian War British numerical superiority became overwhelming, in spite of almost the whole male population of Canada being mobilized, and standard European tactics won the day and the war.

== European military forces ==

=== British ===
The British military forces consisted of the British Army's regular regiments and independent companies; the provincial regiments raised by the several colonies in British America, and the colonial militia.

==== British Army ====

The British Army had two types of units in North America: regular regiments serving in the colonies for a longer or shorter period of time, normally sent there only after the war had begun, and independent companies, permanently based in the colonies as garrisons of forts andThe war in North America officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Paris on 10 February 1763, and war in the European theatre of the Seven Years' War was settled by the Treaty of Hubertusburg on 15 February 1763. The British offered France the choice of surrendering either its continental North American possessions east of the Mississippi or the Caribbean islands of Guadeloupe and Martinique, which had been occupied by the British. France chose to cede the former, but was able to negotiate the retention of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, two small islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, along with fishing rights in the area. They viewed the economic value of the Caribbean islands' sugar cane to be greater and easier to defend than the furs from the continent. The contemporaneous French philosopher Voltaire referred to Canada disparagingly as nothing more than a few acres of snow. The British, for their part, were happy to take New France, as defence of their North American colonies would no longer be an issue and also because they already had ample places from which to obtain sugar. Spain, which traded Florida to Britain to regain Cuba, also gained Louisiana, including New Orleans, from France in compensation for its losses. Great Britain and Spain also agreed that navigation on the Mississippi River was to be open to vessels of all nations. War") or refers to the wars as the Intercolonial Wars.
As the wars proceeded, the military advantage moved toward the British side. This was chiefly the result of the greater population and productive capacity of the British colonies compared with those of France. In addition, the British had the greater ability to resupply their colonies and project military power by sea. In the first three conflicts, the French were able to offset these factors largely by more effective mobilization of Indigenous allies, but they were finally overwhelmed in the fourth and last war.
The overwhelming victory of the British played a role in the eventual loss of their thirteen American colonies. Without the threat of French invasion, the American colonies saw little need for British military protection. In addition, the American people resented British efforts to limit their colonization of the new French territories to the west of the Appalachian Mountains, as stated in the Proclamation of 1763, in an effort to relieve encroachment on Indigenous territory. These pressures contributed to the American Revolutionary War.
The first three of the French and Indian Wars followed the same basic pattern: they all started in Europe and then moved to North America. Once the conflict broke out in North America, it was mostly fought by colonial militias. The final conflict broke this pattern by beginning in North America. In addition, the British used more regular troops alongside colonial militia. They returned almost none of the French territory seized during the war. France was forced to cede its extensive territory in present-day Canada and Louisiane. The British victory in the French and Indian Wars reduced France's New World empire to St. Pierre and Miquelon (two islands off Newfoundland), a few West Indian islands, and French Guiana.

== Warfare ==

=== Operational goals ===

The belligerents strove in general to control the major transportation and trade routes, not just the sea routes that connected the colonies with the mother country, or the land routes that existed between the different colonies, but also the major fur trade routes leading to the interior of North America.

Question: What was the conclusion date of the French and Indian War in the continent where London Broil originates?

Question: where does the london broil cut come from

Answer: North American

Question: When did the #1 French and Indian War end?

Answer: 10 February 1763

Answer: 10 February 1763

When did the French and Indian War end on the continent where London Broil comes from?


Bijuesca

Bijuesca is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 109 inhabitants.Bijuesca is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 109 inhabitants.Bijuesca is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2018 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 98 inhabitants.

== References ==

== External links ==
 Media related to Bijuesca at Wikimedia CommonsBijuesca is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2018 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 98 inhabitants.

== References ==

== External links ==
 Media related to Bijuesca at Wikimedia CommonsBijuesca is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2018 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 98 inhabitants.

== References ==

== External links ==
 Media related to Bijuesca at Wikimedia CommonsBijuesca is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2018 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 98 inhabitants.

== References ==

== External links ==
 Media related to Bijuesca at Wikimedia CommonsBijuesca is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2018 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 98 inhabitants.

== References ==

Martin of Aragon

 31 May 1410), also called the Elder and the Ecclesiastic, was King of Aragon, Valencia, Sardinia and Corsica and Count of Barcelona from 1396 and King of Sicily from 1409 (as Martin II). He failed to secure the accession of his illegitimate grandson, Frederic, Count of Luna, and with him the rule of the House of Barcelona came to an end.Martin the Humane (29 July 1356 – 31 May 1410), also called the Elder and the Ecclesiastic, was King of Aragon, Valencia, Sardinia and Corsica and Count of Barcelona from 1396 and King of Sicily from 1409 (as Martin II). He failed to secure the accession of his illegitimate grandson, Frederic, Count of Luna, and with him the rule of the House of Barcelona came to an end.

== Background ==
Martin was born in 1356, in either Girona or Perpignan, both then in the Principality of Catalonia. He was the second son of King Peter IV of Aragon and Eleanor of Sicily (Leonora), princess of the Sicilian branch of the House of Aragon.
As a cadet prince of the Aragonese royal family, Martin was given the County of Besalú. In Barcelona on 13 June 1372, Martin married María López de Luna (d. Villarreal, 20 December 1406), the daughter and heiress of Lope, Lord and 1Martin the Humane (29 July 1356 – 31 May 1410), also called the Elder and the Ecclesiastic, was King of Aragon, Valencia, Sardinia and Corsica and Count of Barcelona from 1396 and King of Sicily from 1409 (as Martin II). He failed to secure the accession of his illegitimate grandson, Frederic, Count of Luna, and with him the rule of the House of Barcelona came to an end.== Background ==
Martin was born in 1356, in either Girona or Perpignan, both then in the Principality of Catalonia. He was the second son of King Peter IV of Aragon and Eleanor of Sicily (Leonora), princess of the Sicilian branch of the House of Aragon.
As a cadet prince of the Aragonese royal family, Martin was given the County of BesalúMartin the Humane (29 July 1356 – 31 May 1410), also called the Elder and the Ecclesiastic, was King of Aragon, Valencia, Sardinia and Corsica and Count of Barcelona from 1396 and King of Sicily from 1409 (as Martin II). He failed to secure the accession of his illegitimate grandson, Frederic, Count of Luna, and with him the rule of the House of Barcelona came to an end.Martin the Humane (29 July 1356 – 31 May 1410), also called the Elder and the Ecclesiastic, was King of Aragon, Valencia, Sardinia and Corsica and Count of Barcelona from 1396 and King of Sicily from 1409 (as Martin II). He failed to secure the accession of his illegitimate grandson, Frederic, Count of Luna, and with him the rule of the House of Barcelona came to an end.

== Background ==
Martin was born in 1356, in either Girona or Perpignan, both then in the Principality of Catalonia. He was the second son of King Peter IV of Aragon and Eleanor of Sicily (Leonora), princess of the Sicilian branch of the House of Aragon.
As a cadet prince of the Aragonese royal family, Martin was given the County of Besalú. In Barcelona on 13 June 1372, Martin married María López de Luna (d. Villarreal, 20 December 1406), the daughter and heiress of Lope, Lord and 1st Count of Luna and Lord of Segorbe and his wife Brianda de Got, who was born in Provence and was related to Pope Clement V.
In 1380 his father appointed him lord and regent of the island of Sicily, then known also as Trinacria, since its queen Maria of Sicily, who was also Martin's cousin, was underage (Maria's father, Frederick III the Simple, died in 1377). As a son of Eleanor of Sicily, Martin was himself an heir to the island, should Maria's family die out.

== Kingship ==
In 1396, Martin succeeded his elder brother John I, who had died sonless, on the throne of Aragon. However, Sicilian nobles were causing unrest and so Martin was kept in Sicily. Meanwhile, Martin's wife, María López de Luna, claimed the throne on his behalf and

Gothic architecture

rals and churches, as well as abbeys, and parish churches. It is also the architecture of many castles, palaces, town halls, guildhalls, universities and, less prominently today, private dwellings. Many of the finest examples of medieval Gothic architecture are listed by UNESCO as World Heritage Sites.
With the development of Renaissance architecture in Italy during the mid-15th century, the Gothic style was supplanted by the new style, but in some regions, notably England and Belgium, Gothic continued to flourish and develop into the 16th century. A series of Gothic revivals began in mid-18th century England, spread through 19th-century Europe and continued, largely for churches and university buildings, into the 20th century.

== Name ==
 Medieval contemporaries described the style as Latin: opus Francigenum, lit.��'French work' or 'Frankish work', as opus modernum, 'modern work', novum opus, 'new work', or as Italian: maniera tedesca, lit.��'German style'.
The term "Gothic architecture" originated as a pejorative description. Giorgio Vasari used the term "barbarous German style" in his Lives of the Artists to describe what is now considered the Gothic style, and in the introduction to the Lives he attributes various architectural features to the Goths, whom he held responsible for destroying the ancient buildings after they conquered Rome, and erecting new ones in this style. When Vasari wrote, Italy had experienced a century of building in the Vitruvian architectural vocabulary of classical orders revived in the Renaissance and seen as evidence of a new Golden Age of learning and refinement. Thus the Gothic style, being in opposition to classical architecture, from that point of view was associated with the destruction of advancement and sophistication. The assumption that classical architecture was better than Gothic architecture was widespread and proved difficult to defeat. Vasari was echoed in the 16th century by François Rabelais, who referred to Goths and Ostrogoths (Gotz and Ostrogotz).
The polymath architect Christopher Wren disapproved of the name Gothic for pointed architecture. He compared it to Islamic architecture, which he called the 'Saracen style', pointing out that the pointed arch's sophistication was not owed to the Goths but to the Islamic Golden Age. He wrote:

This we now call the Gothic manner of architecture (so the Italians called what was not after the Roman style) though the Goths were rather destroyers than builders; I think it should with more reason be called the Saracen style, for these people wanted neither arts nor learning: and after we in the west lost both, we borrowed again from them, out of their Arabic books, what they with great diligence had translated from the Greeks.
Wren was the first to popularize the belief that it was not the Europeans, but the SaracensThe Palais des Papes in Avignon is the best complete large royal palace, alongside the Royal palace of Olite, built during the 13th and 14th centuries for the kings of Navarre. The Malbork Castle built for the master of the Teutonic order is an example of Brick Gothic architecture. Partial survivals of former royal residences include the Doge's Palace of Venice, the Palau de la Generalitat in Barcelona, built in the 15th century for the kings of Aragon, or the famous Conciergerie, former palace of the kings of France, in Paris.ity.
The defining design element of Gothic architecture is the pointed arch. The use of the pointed arch in turn led to the development of the pointed rib vault and flying buttresses, combined with elaborate tracery and stained glass windows.
At the Abbey of Saint-Denis, near Paris, the choir was reconstructed between 1140 and 1144, drawing together for the first time the developing Gothic architectural features. In doing so, a new architectural style emerged that emphasized verticality and the effect created by the transmission of light through stained glass

Question: What is the construction date for the Palau de la Generalitat in the city where the individual named Martin, from the Spanish region housing Bijuesca, passed away?

Question: Bijuesca >> located in the administrative territorial entity

Answer: Aragon

Question: Martin of #1 >> place of death

Answer: Barcelona

Question: When was the Palau de la Generalitat in #2 constructed?

Answer: built in the 15th century

Answer: built in the 15th century

When was the Palau de la Generalitat built in the city in which died the man called Martin of the region of Spain where Bijuesca is located?


Home: A Memoir of My Early Years

-part memoir, with the second part Home Work: A Memoir of My Hollywood Years, released over 11 years later in October 2019. While it includes dark childhood memories of surviving the London Blitz and attempts by her step-father Ted Andrews to molest her, the book overall presents a happy vision of Andrews's childhood. She has said in an interview that the book The Little Grey Men and her father Ted Wells were her inspirations and source of influence as an author, along with Charles Dickens, among others. Andrews revealed in the book that Wells was not, in fact, her natural father; her biological father had been a family friend with whom her mother had had a brief affair.
The book received a generally positive critical reception.  The Los Angeles Times described it as "immensely readable"  and The New York Times praised the quality of the prose. Home was #1 on the New York Times Best Seller list of non-fiction adult titles on April 27, 2008.

== References ==

== External links ==
Home: A Memoir of My Early Years by Julie Andrews. New York, Hyperion, 2008 at Internet ArchiveHome: A Memoir of My Early Years is a best-selling memoir written by Julie Andrews.  It was published on April 1, 2008, by Hyperion.
Home tells the story of the life of Julie Andrews up until 1963, when she left England for Hollywood toHome: A Memoir of My Early Years is a best-selling memoir written by Julie Andrews. It was published on April 1, 2008, by Hyperion.HomeHome: A Memoir of My Early Years is a best-selling memoir written by Julie Andrews. It was published on April 1, 2008, by Hyperion..
Home tells the story of the life of Julie Andrews up until 1963, when she left England for Hollywood to shoot Mary Poppins and is part one of a two-part memoir, with the second part Home Work: A Memoir of My Hollywood Years, released over 11 years later in October 2019. While it includes dark childhood memories of surviving the London Blitz and attempts by her step-father Ted Andrews to molest her, the book overall presents a happy vision of Andrews's childhood. She has said in an interview that the book The Little Grey Men and her father Ted Wells were her inspirations and source of influence as an author, along with Charles Dickens, among others. Andrews revealed in the book that Wells was not, in fact, her natural father; her biological father had been a family friend with whom her mother had had a brief affair.
The book received a generally positive critical reception.  The Los Angeles Times described it as "immensely readable"  and The New York Times praised the quality of the prose. Home was #1 on the New York Times Best Seller list of non-fiction adult titles on April 27, 2008.

== References ==

== External links ==
Home: A Memoir of My Early Years by Julie Andrews. New York, Hyperion, 2008 at Internet ArchiveHome: A Memoir of My Early Years is a best-selling memoir written by Julie Andrews.  It was published on April 1, 2008, by Hyperion.
Home tells the story of the life of Julie Andrews up until 1963, when she left England for Hollywood toHome: A Memoir of My Early Years is a best-selling memoir written by Julie Andrews. It was published on April 1, 2008, by Hyperion.Home: A Memoir of My Early Years is a best-selling memoir written by Julie Andrews.  It was published on April

The Princess Diaries (film)

 September and December 2000. Marshall agreed to direct because he found the story ideal for family entertainment. Despite having little involvement in the film's development, Cabot was consulted about various changes to its story and characters. Hathaway won the lead role over several established young actresses in her motion picture debut, while The Princess Diaries commemorated the end of Andrews's semi-retirement from acting and return to Disney films, her first since Mary Poppins (1964).
The Princess Diaries premiered at the El Capitan Theatre in Los Angeles on July 29, 2001, and was released in the United States on August 3. The film was an unexpected commercial success, grossing over $165 million worldwide. Despite receiving mixed reviews for its plot and themes, Hathaway's performance was widely praised by film critics. Ranking among the most profitable films of 2001, The Princess Diaries defied industry expectations as pundits had expected the film to underperform due to its G rating and subject matter. The film's success is credited with establishing Hathaway as a bankable actress and reviving Andrews's film career. A sequel, The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement, was released in 2004, and a third installment has been in development since 2022.

== Plot ==
Mia Thermopolis is a studentThe Princess Diaries is a 2001 American teen romantic comedy film directed by Garry Marshall and written by Gina Wendkos, based on Meg Cabot's 2000 novel of the same name. It stars Anne Hathaway (in her film debut) as Mia Thermopolis, a teenager who discovers that she is the heir to the throne of the fictional Kingdom of Genovia, ruled by her grandmother Queen dowager Clarisse Renaldi (Julie Andrews). The film also stars Heather Matarazzo, Héctor Elizondo, Mandy Moore, andThe Princess Diaries is a 2001 American teen romantic comedy film directed by Garry Marshall and written by Gina Wendkos, based on Meg Cabot's 2000 novel of the same name. It stars Anne Hathaway (in her film debut) as Mia Thermopolis, a teenager who discovers that she is the heir to the throne of the fictional Kingdom of Genovia, ruled by her grandmother Queen dowager Clarisse Renaldi (Julie Andrews). The film also stars Heather Matarazzo, Héctor Elizondo, Mandy Moore, and Robert Schwartzman. tutelage of her estranged grandmother (Andrews), the kingdom's reigning queen, Mia must choose whether to claim or renounce the title she has inherited.
Feeling confident about the novel's film potential, Cabot's agent pursued producer Debra Martin Chase about adapting The Princess Diaries into a feature-length film, an idea she pitched to Disney upon reading the book. After obtaining the film rights, Disney originally greenlit the project under the title The Princess of Tribeca, reverting it once its setting was changed from New York to San Francisco, where the majority of the film was shot between September and December 2000. Marshall agreed to direct because he found the story ideal for family entertainment. Despite having little involvement in the film's development, Cabot was consulted about various changes to its story and characters. Hathaway won the lead role over several established young actresses in her motion picture debut, while The Princess Diaries commemorated the end of Andrews's semi-retirement from acting and return to Disney films, her first since Mary Poppins (1964).
The Princess Diaries premiered at the El Capitan Theatre in Los Angeles on July 29, 2001, and was released in the United States on August 3. The film was an unexpected commercial success, grossing over $165 million worldwide. Despite receiving mixed reviews for its plot and themes, Hathaway's performance was widely praised by film critics. Ranking among the most profitable films of 2001, The Princess Diaries defied industry expectations as pundits had expected the film to underperform due to its G rating and subject matter. The film's success is credited with establishing Hathaway as a bankable actress and reviving Andrews's film career. A sequel, The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement, was released in 2004, and a third installment has been in development since 2022.

== Plot ==
Mia Thermopolis is a studentThe Princess Diaries is a 2001 American teen romantic comedy film directed by Garry Marshall and written by Gina Wendkos, based on Meg Cabot's 2000 novel of the same name. It stars Anne Hathaway (in her film debut) as Mia Thermopolis, a teenager who discovers that she is the heir to the throne of the fictional Kingdom of Genovia, ruled by her grandmother Queen dowager Clarisse Renaldi (Julie Andrews). The film also stars Heather Matarazzo, Héctor Elizondo, Mandy Moore, and Robert Schwartzman

Question: In the movie Princess Diaries, which character is portrayed by the writer of Home: A Memoir of My Early Years?

Question: Home: A Memoir of My Early Years >> author

Answer: Julie Andrews

Question: who does #1 play in princess diaries

Answer: Queen dowager Clarisse Renaldi

Answer: Queen dowager Clarisse Renaldi

Who does the author of Home: A Memoir of My Early Years play in Princess Diaries?


Immaculate Conception

 yet immaculate and incorrupt – that is to say, not subject to original sin. Holweck adds that Ephrem the Syrian said she was as innocent as Eve before the Fall.
Ambrose asserted Mary's incorruptibility, attributing her virginity to grace and immunity from sin. Severus, Bishop of Antioch, concurred affirming Mary's purity and immaculateness. John Damascene extended the supernatural influence of God to Mary's parents, suggesting they were purified by the  Holy Spirit during her generation. According to Damascene, even the material of Mary's origin was deemed pure and holy. This perspective, which emphasized an immaculate active generation and the sanctity of the conceptio carnis, found resonance among some Western authors. Notably, the Greek Fathers did not explicitly discuss the Immaculate Conception.

=== Medieval formulation ===

By the 4th century the idea that Mary was free from sin was generally more widespread, but original sin raised the question of whether she was also free of the sin passed down from Adam. The question became acute when the feast of her conception began to be celebrated in England in the 11th century, and the opponents of the feast of Mary's conception brought forth the objection that as sexual intercourse is sinful, to celebrate Mary's conception was to celebrate a sinful event. The feast of Mary's conception originated in the Eastern Church in the 7th century, reached England in the 11th, and from there spread to Europe, where it was given official approval in 1477 and extended toThe papal bull defining the dogma, Ineffabilis Deus, mentioned in particular the patrististic interpretation of Genesis 3:15 as referring to a woman, Mary, who would be eternally at enmity with the evil serpent and completely triumphing over him. It said the Fathers saw foreshadowings of Mary's "wondrous abundance of divine gifts and original innocence" "in that ark of Noah, which was built by divine command and escaped entirely safe and sound from the common shipwreck of the whole world; in the ladder which Jacob saw reaching from the earth to heaven, by whose rungs the angels of God ascended and descended, and on whose top the Lord himself leaned; in that bush which Moses saw in the holy place burning on all sides, which was not consumed or injured in any way but grew green and blossomed beautifully; in that impregnable tower before the enemy, from which hung a thousand bucklers and all the armor of the strong; in that garden enclosed on all sides, which cannot be violated or corrupted by any deceitful plots; in that resplendent city of God, which has its foundations on the holy mountains; in that most august temple of God, which, radiant with divine splendours, is full of the glory of God; and in very many other biblical types of this kind."The papal bull defining the dogma, Ineffabilis Deus, mentioned in particular the patrististic interpretation of Genesis 3:15 as referring to a woman, Mary, who would be eternally at enmity with the evil serpent and completely triumphing over him. It said the Fathers saw foreshadowings of Mary's "wondrous abundance of divine gifts and original innocence" "in that ark of Noah, which was built by divine command and escaped entirely safe and sound from the common shipwreck of the whole world; in the ladder which Jacob saw reaching from the earth to heaven, by whose rungs the angels of God ascended and descended, and on whose top the Lord himself leaned; in that bush which Moses saw in the holy place burning on all sides, which was not consumed or injured in any way but grew green and blossomed beautifully; in that impregnable tower before the enemy, from which hung a thousand bucklers and all the armor of the strong; in that garden enclosed on all sides, which cannot be violated or corrupted by any deceitful plots; in that resplendent city of God, which has its foundations on the holy mountains; in that most august temple of God, which, radiant with divine splendours, is full of the glory of God; and in very many other biblical types of this kind."ewahedo Church and Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church accept it.

== History ==

=== Anne, mother of Mary, and original sin ===

Anne, the mother of Mary, first appears in the 2nd-century apocryphal Gospel of James, and the author created his story by drawing on Greek tales of the childhood of heroes and on the Old Testament story of Hannah (hence the name Anna/Anne), the mother of the biblical Samuel. Anne and her husband, Joachim, are infertile, but God hears their prayers and Mary is conceived. According to Stephen J. Shoemaker, within the Gospel of James, the conception occurs without sexual intercourse between Anne and Joachim, which fits well with the Gospel of James' persistent emphasis on Mary's sacred purity, but the story does not advance the idea of an immaculate conception. The author of the Gospel of James may have based this account of Mary's conception on that of John the Baptist as recounted in the Gospel of Luke. The Eastern Orthodox Church holds that "Mary is conceived by her parents as we are all conceived".

=== Church Fathers ===
According to church historian Frederick Holweck, writing in the Catholic Encyclopedia, Justin Martyr, Irenaeus, and Cyril of Jerusalem developed the idea of Mary as the New Eve, drawing comparison to Eve, while yet immaculate and incorrupt – that is to say, not subject to original sin. Holweck adds that Ephrem the Syrian said she was as innocent as Eve before the Fall.
Ambrose asserted Mary's incorruptibility, attributing her virginity to grace and immunity from sin. Severus, Bishop of Antioch, concurred affirming Mary's purity and immaculateness. John Damascene extended the supernatural influence of God to Mary's parents, suggesting they were purified by the  Holy Spirit during her generation. According to Damascene, even the material of Mary's origin was deemed pure and holy. This perspective, which emphasized an immaculate active generation and the sanctity of the conceptio carnis, found resonance among some Western authors. Notably, the Greek Fathers did not explicitly discuss the Immaculate Conception.

=== Medieval formulation ===

By the 4th century the idea that Mary was free from sin was generally more widespread, but original sin raised the question of whether she was also free of the sin passed down from Adam. The question became acute when the feast of her conception began to be celebrated in England in the 11th century, and the opponents of the feast of Mary's conception brought forth the objection that as sexual intercourse is sinful, to celebrate Mary's conception was to celebrate a sinful event. The feast of Mary's conception originated in the Eastern Church in the 7th century, reached England in the 11th, and from there spread to Europe, where it was given official approval in 1477 and extended toThe papal bull defining

Skin of my teeth

 States.
Nick Harwood directed the music video for "Skin of My Teeth", released alongside the song. It features Lovato confronting an ominous figure representing addiction and the media, as well as scenes of the singer performing with an electric guitar shooting out sparks. To support its release, Lovato premiered the track on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon. She included it on the regular set list of her seventh concert tour, the Holy Fvck Tour (2022), and performed it at several festivals.

== Background and release ==
In early 2022, Demi Lovato announced her departure from pop music as she held a "funeral" for it on her social media accounts. The announcement included a photo with her team, including Scooter Braun, dressed in all-black. Lovato started teasing what would be her eighth studio album, and told Rolling Stone that it would have some "heaviness" in its sound. The magazine asked her if she was coming back to her "rock, emo early days", and she answered, "That, but better". While sharing teasers of then-unreleased songs, she wrote on Instagram stories that she was "so proud" of her new music, and said that it was her "absolute best yet". She labeled it as her return to her rock and pop-punk roots which she had experimented with on her first two albums, Don't Forget (2008) and Here We Go Again (2009). She described it as a "new era reminiscent of [her] first era".
On May 23, 2022, after several speculations, Lovato confirmed in a Twitter exchange that the lead single off the album would be called "Skin of My Teeth". Days later, the song's release date and cover artwork, were revealed; the image features Lovato with dark makeup and an all-black outfit with spikes and chains. On the same date, Lovato published a video with mock newspaper headlines about her, with the song playing in the background. The singer announced the release of Holy Fvck on June 6. "Skin of My Teeth" was released on June 10 for digital download and streaming. Its release was promoted by billboards.

== Composition ==
The track was produced by Oak Felder, co-produced by Alex Niceforo and Keith Sorrells, and written by Lovato and the three alongside Laura Veltz and Lil Aaron. All of them also provided background vocals. It was mastered by Chris Gehringer, while Oscar Linnander handled production assistance and recording. Manny Marroquin mixed it with assistance from Zach Pereyra, Trey Station, and Anthony Vilchis.
Recorded in January 2022, "Skin of My Teeth" is a electric guitar-driven rock, pop-punk, and grunge song. Described by Stereogum as "bright, fired-up arena-level", it references Lovato's struggles with substance abuse, with citation of drug rehabilitation andSkin of my teeth (Hebrew: ע֣וֹר שִׁנָּֽי   'ō - wr šin - nāy) is a phrase from the Bible. In Job 19: 20, the King James Version of the Bible says, ``My bone cleaveth to my skin and to my flesh, and I am escaped with the skin of my teeth. ''In the Geneva Bible, the phrase is rendered as`` I have escaped with the skinne of my tethe.''" contains lyrics about society's criticisms about addictions and drug rehabilitation, as well as Lovato's own struggles. Its title references the biblical phrase of the same name.
The song received positive reviews from music critics, many of whom lauded its theme and the singer's vocals, drawing comparisons to the works of Hole—specifically their 1998 single "Celebrity Skin"—and Lady Gaga. The song failed to chart on the US Hot 100 or any major music chart internationally, although it appeared on parallel charts in New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
Nick Harwood directed the music video for "Skin of My Teeth", released alongside the song. It features Lovato confronting an ominous figure representing addiction and the media, as well as scenes of the singer performing with an electric guitar shooting out sparks. To support its release, Lovato premiered the track on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon. She included it on the regular set list of her seventh concert tour, the Holy Fvck Tour (2022), and performed it at several festivals.

== Background and release ==
In early 2022, Demi Lovato announced her departure from pop music as she held a "funeral" for it on her social media accounts. The announcement included a photo with her team, including Scooter Braun, dressed in all-black. Lovato started teasing what would be her eighth studio album, and told Rolling Stone that it would have some "heaviness" in its sound. The magazine asked her if she was coming back to her "rock, emo early days", and she answered, "That, but better". While sharing teasers of then-unreleased songs, she wrote on Instagram stories that she was "so proud" of her new music, and said that it was her "absolute best yet". She labeled it as her return to her rock and pop-punk roots which she had experimented with on her first two albums, Don't Forget (2008) and Here We Go Again (2009). She described it as a "new era reminiscent of [her] first era".
On

Question: In which specific section of the book does Mary find the document reference for the quote "by the skin of your teeth"?

Question: where did by the skin of your teeth come from

Answer: from the Bible

Question: What specific part the #1 does this document reference for Mary ?

Answer: Genesis 3:15

Answer: Genesis 3:15

What specific part of the book where the quote "by the skin of your teeth" comes from document reference for Mary?


Pollock (film)

 written by Steven Naifeh and Gregory White Smith.

== Plot ==
In the 1940s, abstract expressionist painter Jackson Pollock exhibits paintings in occasional group art shows.
Pollock lives with his brother Sande and sister-in-law Arloie at a tiny apartment in New York City. With Arloie expecting a new baby, Pollock decides to move out on her behalf. Soon afterward, Pollock meets and takes an interest in artist Lee Krasner. He learns later that his brother has taken a job in Connecticut building military gliders to avoid the draft.
Pollock, a struggling alcoholic, goes on a drinking binge and is found in a disheveled state by Sande and Lee to which Sande tells Lee that Pollock has been diagnosed as "clinically neurotic." Taking pity on Pollock, Lee takes him home and becomes his manager.
One day, Pollock's old friend Reuben Kadish visits him, bringing along Howard Putzel, who works for wealthy art collector Peggy Guggenheim. After Guggenheim views his work, he is given a contract to exhibit his paintings, plus a commission to paint a 8 ft by 20 ft mural in her New York townhouse entry way. Pollock's first exhibit fails to attract any buyers. After a New Year's Eve party, a drunken Pollock almost sleeps with Peggy. Afterwards, he falls into another stupor upon hearing that Putzel has died.
Pollock and Lee are wed after Lee says they either marry or "split up" before moving to Long Island. During a get-together at Peggy's, Pollock dismisses art critic Clement Greenberg's comments and refuses to change his painting style to be more marketable. Pollock's paintings are not selling but Clement assures him it will change after a Life magazine article about him is published and his upcoming exhibit.
Pollock and Lee's relationship is strained after he openly flirts with another woman. Meanwhile, to earn more income, Pollock tries various occupations but fails due to his alcoholism. He lies to Sande about his financial status, though this improves after the Life story about him is published. Later, cinematographer Hans Namuth films Pollock as he paints, though Namuth's presence interrupts the spontaneous nature of his work. Pollock, who tried abstaining from alcohol, inadvertently ruins Thanksgiving dinner upon relapsing.
In medias res to the events of the film, Pollock autographs a copy of the Life magazine to a fan at an art exhibit in 1950. Five years after the exhibit, Clement tells Pollock that the Partisan Review is favoring artist Clyfford Still, saying that his original technique could be the next direction of modern art.
A drunk Pollock reacts badly, becoming angrier when Lee berates him for his drinking and womanizing. By this moment, Pollock's marriage to Lee has become even more strained due to her refusal to conceive children with him, all of which has led Pollock to start an extramarital affair with teenage abstract artist Ruth Kligman.
In 1956, following a conversation with Lee over the phone while she is in Venice, Pollock tells Ruth "I owe the woman something." On a subsequent visit, Ruth brings along her friend Edith before the three go for a drive. An intoxicated Pollock crashes the car, killing himself and Edith, and throwing Ruth into a ditch, seriously injuring her.
A textual epilogue reveals Lee never remarried following Pollock's death.

== Cast ==

== Production ==
The film was adapted by Barbara Turner and Susan Emshwiller from the book Jackson Pollock: An American Saga by Steven Naifeh and Gregory White Smith.  It was directed by Harris.
This film was a longtime passion project for Ed Harris. After his father gave him a copy of Pollock's biography, he started thinking about adapting it, which took almost 10 years to bring to fruition.
Filming took a mere 50 days with a six-week layoff after forty days so Harris could take time to gain thirty pounds and grow a beard.
Harris himself did all the painting seen in the film.

== Reception ==

=== Critical response ===
Pollock received positive reviews from critics and has a score of 80% on Rotten Tomatoes based on 110 reviews with an average rating of 6.9/10. The critical consensus states, "Though Pollock does not really allow audiences a glimpse of the painter as a person, it does powerfully depict the creative process. Harris throws himself into the role and turns in a compelling performance." The film also has a score of 77 out of 100 on Metacritic based on 31 critics..

=== Box office ===
Pollock opened on December 15, 2000 in the US and Canada in a limited release in 2 theaters and grossed $44,244 with an average of $22,Marcia Gay Harden won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for portraying Lee Krasner, Pollock's wife. Ed Harris received an Academy Award nomination for Best Actor for his portrayal of Pollock. The film was a long-term personal project for Harris based on his previous reading of Pollock's biography.Ed Harris’s father had noticed that he resembled Pollock.ada Thompson, and was directed by Harris.
Marcia Gay Harden won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for portraying Lee Krasner. Ed Harris received an Academy Award nomination for Best Actor for his portrayal of Pollock. The film was a long-term personal project for Harris based on his reading of the 1989 biography Jackson Pollock: An American Saga, written by Steven Naifeh and Gregory White Smith.

== Plot ==
In the 1940s, abstract expressionist painter Jackson Pollock exhibits paintings in occasional group art shows.
Pollock lives with his brother Sande and sister-in-law Arloie at a tiny apartment in New York City. With Arloie expecting a new baby, Pollock decides to move out on her behalf. Soon afterward, Pollock meets and takes an interest in artist Lee Krasner. He learns later that his brother has taken a job in Connecticut building military gliders to avoid the draft.
Pollock, a struggling alcoholic, goes on a drinking binge and is found in a disheveled state by Sande and Lee to which Sande tells Lee that Pollock has been diagnosed as "clinically neurotic." Taking pity on Pollock, Lee takes him home and becomes his manager.
One day, Pollock's old friend Reuben Kadish visits him, bringing along Howard Putzel, who works for wealthy art collector Peggy Guggenheim. After Guggenheim views his work, he is given a contract to exhibit his paintings, plus a commission to paint a 8 ft by 20 ft mural in her New York townhouse entry way. Pollock's first exhibit fails to attract any buyers. After a New Year's Eve party, a drunken Pollock almost sleeps with Peggy. Afterwards, he falls into another stupor upon hearing that Putzel has died.
Pollock and Lee are wed after Lee says they either marry or "split up" before moving to Long Island. During a get-together at Peggy's, Pollock dismisses art critic Clement Greenberg's comments and refuses to change his painting style to be more marketable. Pollock's paintings are not selling but Clement assures him it will change after a Life magazine article about him is published and his upcoming exhibit.
Pollock and Lee's relationship is strained after he openly flirts with another woman. Meanwhile, to earn more income, Pollock tries various occupations but fails due to his alcoholism. He lies to Sande about his financial status, though this improves after the Life story about him is published. Later, cinematographer Hans Namuth films Pollock as he paints, though Namuth's presence interrupts the spontaneous nature of his work. Pollock, who tried abstaining from alcohol, inadvertently ruins Thanksgiving dinner upon relapsing.
In medias res to the events of the film, Pollock autographs a copy of

LeMat Revolver

 that 2,900 were produced in Liège, Belgium, and Paris, France. The European-made pistols were shipped through Birmingham, England, where they were proofmarked.
Approximately 900 revolvers were shipped to the Confederate States Army and 600 to the Confederate States Navy through Bermuda to avoid the Southern Naval Blockade.
The distinguishing characteristic of LeMat's revolver is that its 9-shot cylinder revolves around a separate central barrel of larger caliber than the chambers in the cylinder proper. The central barrel is smoothbore and can function as a short-barreled shotgun (hence the name "Grape Shot Revolver"), with the shooter selecting whether to fire from the cylinder or the smoothbore barrel by flipping a lever on the end of the hammer. Flipping the lever up caused the movable striker to fall upon the primer set directly under the hammer, discharging the lower barrel while leaving it in the standard position would fire the chambers in the cylinder, much like any other revolver.
The 1st Model LeMats manufactured in Paris were originally chambered for .42 caliber balls or bullets in the cylinder and had a .63 caliber (18 gauge) smoothbore barrel and had a jointed ramrod (mounted on the right-hand side of the frame), which was used to load both barrels. Later, during the American Civil War, a lighter .35-caliber pistol with a .55-caliber (28-gauge) smooth bore barrel was produced. Still, as these were non-standard ammunition sizes (.36 or .44 caliber were most common for contemporary revolvers), LeMat owners had to cast bullets (instead of being issued from general military stores). The final models of the LeMat were produced in .36 or .44 caliber in response to these criticisms, but too few of them managed to get past the Union blockade of the South during the Civil War to be of any actual use.

== Civil War use ==
LeMat hoped to market his adaptable revolver as a primary sidearm for dragoons and other mounted troops. He entered into a partnership with P. G. T. Beauregard (at that time a major in the U.S. Army) in April 1859 to market his handgun to the U.S. Army. Beauregard, besides being LeMat's cousin, was one of the first U.S. Army officers to resign and join the Confederacy.

When war broke out, LeMat received Confederate contracts to produce 5,000 revolvers, and plans were laid to manufacture the gun abroad and then import them into the Confederacy, which lacked the necessary facilities to produce the weapon locally. Confederate gunThe LeMat revolver was a. 42 or. 36 caliber cap & ball black powder revolver invented by Jean Alexandre LeMat of New Orleans, which featured an unusual secondary 20 gauge smoothThe LeMat revolver was a. 42 or. 36 caliber cap & ball black powder revolver invented by Jean Alexandre LeMat of New Orleans, which featured an unusual secondary 20 gauge smooth - bore barrel capable of firing buckshot. It saw service with the armed forces of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War of 1861 -- 65 and the Army of the Government of National Defense during the Franco - Prussian War.== History and design ==
This unique sidearm was also known as the "Grape Shot Revolver." It was developed in New Orleans in 1856 by Jean Alexandre Le Mat, whose manufacturing effort was backed by P. G. T. Beauregard, who became a general in the Confederate States Army. Some were made by John Krider of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1859, including the first 250 prototypes. It is estimated that 2,900

Question: Which firearm is utilized by the Pollock director in the TV show Westworld?

Question: Pollock >> director

Answer: Ed Harris

Question: what gun does #1 used in westworld

Answer: LeMat revolver

Answer: LeMat revolver

What gun does the director of Pollock use in Westworld?


Neil Patrick Harris

 series (2004–2011). His other films include Starship Troopers (1997), The Smurfs (2011), The Smurfs 2 (2013), and Gone Girl (2014).
In 2010, Harris won two awards at the 62nd Primetime Emmy Awards, winning for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series for his guest appearance on Glee, and Outstanding Special Class Program for hosting the Tony Awards in 2009; he has won the latter award three additional times for hosting the show in 2011, 2012, and 2013. He also hosted the Primetime Emmy Awards in 2009 and 2013, and hosted the 87th Academy Awards in 2015. In 2014, he starred in the title role in Hedwig and the Angry Inch on Broadway, for which he won the 2014 Tony Award for Best Leading Actor in a Musical. Harris was named one of Time magazine's 100 Most Influential People in 2010.

== Early life and education ==
Harris was born in Albuquerque, New Mexico, and grew up in Ruidoso, New Mexico, with his older brother and their parents, Sheila Gail (née Scott; born 1946) and Ronald Gene Harris (born 1946). His parents were lawyers and also ran a restaurant. He attended La Cueva High School in Albuquerque, graduating with high honors in 1991, which he attributes to being privately tutored half the school year while on set.

== Career ==

=== 1989–2003 ===
Harris began his career as a child actor and was discovered by playwright Mark Medoff at a drama camp in Las Cruces, New Mexico. Medoff later cast him in the 1988 drama film Clara's Heart, starring Whoopi Goldberg and based on the novel of the same name by Joseph Olshan. Clara's Heart earned Harris a Golden Globe nomination. The same year, he starred in Purple People Eater, a children's fantasy. Beginning in 1989, Harris played the title role of a child prodigy doctor in Doogie Howser, M.D., for which he was nominated for a Golden Globe. After the show's four-season run ended in 1993, Harris played a number of guest roles on television series, including Murder, She Wrote. From 1999 to 2000, he starred with Tony Shalhoub in the NBC sitcom Stark Raving Mad, which lasted 22 episodes. Harris's first film role as an adult was 1995's Animal Room, although he portrayed a teenager.
Harris played lead roles in a number of made-for-television features including Snowbound: The Jim and Jennifer Stolpa Story in 1994, My Ántonia in 1995, The Christmas Wish in 1998, Joan of Arc in 1999, The Wedding Dress in 2001, and The Christmas Blessing in 2005. His film work also has included supporting roles in The Next Best Thing (2000), Undercover Brother (2002), and Starship Troopers (1997).
Harris has worked on Broadway in both musical and dramatic roles. He played Tobias Ragg in the 2001 concert performances of Sweeney Todd. In 2002, he performed beside Anne Heche in Proof. In 2003, he took the role of the Emcee in Cabaret alongside Deborah Gibson and Tom Bosley. As a result of his critically acclaimed performance in Cabaret, Harris was named the top-drawing headliner in the role of the Emcee by GuestStarCasting.com.

=== 2004–2014 ===
In 2004, he performed the dual role of the Balladeer and Lee Harvey Oswald on Broadway in the revival of Stephen Sondheim's musical Assassins. He also sang the role of Charles (initially played by Anthony Perkins in a 1966 ABC telecast) on the Nonesuch recording of Sondheim's Evening Primrose and portrayed Mark Cohen in the 1997 touring company of the musical Rent, a role he satirized on the January 10, 2009, episode of Saturday Night Live, which he hosted. In 2004, Harris played a fictionalized, hyper-womanising, lewd version of himself in the Harold and Kumar stoner comedy film Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle. He said that was the shift from roles associated with his sanitized "Doogie Howser" character to the more unscrupulous and bawdy part in the Harold & Kumar franchise lead to his role of Barney Stinson in How I Met Your Mother the following year. He would go on to reprise the role of "Neil Patrick Harris" in the Harold & Kumar sequels: Harold & Kumar Escape from Guantanamo Bay and A Very Harold & Kumar 3D Christmas. In 2005, Harris portrayed Jon in the London premiere of tick, tick… boom! at the Menier Chocolate Factory. He was replaced by Christian Campbell in July of that same year.

From 2005 to 2014, Harris played Barney Stinson, a serial womanizer, in the CBS ensemble sitcom How I Met Your Mother. The role earned him Emmy nominations every year from 2007 to 2010. In 2008, Harris guest-starred on Sesame Street as the Sesame Street Fairy Shoe Person. In 2009, he hosted the 7th Annual TV Land Awards and appeared as a guest judge on Season 9 of American Idol.
In 2007, Harris worked with Mike Nelson on an audio commentary for RiffTrax. The two "riffed" on the film Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory. In 2008, Harris played the title role in Joss Whedon's musical web series Dr. Horrible's Sing-Along Blog alongside Nathan Fillion and Felicia Day. He has also provided his voice for the Disney California Adventure Park attraction California Screamin'. After a preview at the San Diego Comic-Con, a musical episode of Batman: The Brave and the Bold featuring Harris as the villainous Music Meister premiered on October 23, 2009, on Cartoon Network.

Harris hosted the 61st Primetime Emmy Awards on September 20, 2009. On August 21, 2010, he won two Emmy Awards at the Creative Arts Emmy Awards ceremony, one of which was for his guest performance in the television series Glee. Harris hosted the 65th Primetime Emmy Awards on September 22, 2013, marking his second time hosting the event. Harris has hosted the Tony Awards four times: the 63rd Tony Awards on June 7, 2009, the 65th Tony Awards on June 12, 2011, the 66th Tony Awards on June 10, 2012, and the 67th Tony Awards on June 9, 2013. Only Dame Angela Lansbury, with five ceremonies, has hosted the Tony Awards more times. Hosting the Tony Awards has earned him four Primetime Emmy Awards in 2010, 2012, 2013 and 2014 for the 63rd, 65th, 66th and 67th, respectively.
In 2010, Harris directed a production of the rock musical Rent at the Hollywood Bowl; he cast his Beastly co-star Vanessa Hudgens as Mimi. In 2011, Harris played the lead role of Bobby in Stephen Sondheim's Company with the New York Philharmonic in concert, opposite Patti LuPone and others. That same year, he directed The Expert at the Card Table at Broad Stage's Edye in Santa Monica, California. Also in 2010, Harris provided voice acting for the role of the adult Dick Grayson (Nightwing) in the animated film Batman: Under the Red Hood and the beagle Lou in the film Cats & Dogs: The Revenge of Kitty Galore. The same year, he played the lead in the indie comedy The Best and the Brightest. On March 7, 2010, he made a surprise appearance at the 82nd Academy Awards, delivering the opening musical number. He starred in the films The Smurfs (2011) and The Smurfs 2 (2013). Harris provided the voice of Steve the Monkey in the Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs film franchise. In December 2010, Harris hosted the Spike Video Game Awards.
Harris portrayed the titular role in the first Broadway production of the rock musical Hedwig and the Angry Inch, from March through August 2014. Harris received acclaim for the role with Variety declaring, "It's astonishing how polished a physical performance Harris gives. Channeling his inner Rockette, along with Iggy Pop and Lou Reed by way of the Ramones, he carries off some advanced dance and acrobatic moves". Harris went on to win the 2014 Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical. Later in 2014, Harris played the role ofNeil Patrick Harris (born June 15, 1973) is an American actor, comedian, magician, and singer, known primarily for his comedy roles on television and his dramatic and musical stage roles. On television, he is known for playing the title character on Doogie Howser, M.D. (1989 -- 1993), Barney Stinson on How I Met Your Mother (2005 -- 2014, for which he was nominated for four Emmy Awards), and Count Olaf on A Series of Unfortunate Events (2017 onward).Neil Patrick Harris (born June 15, 1973) is an American actor, comedian, magician, and singer, known primarily for his comedy roles on television and his dramatic and musical stage roles. On television, he is known for playing the title character on Doogie Howser, M.D. (1989 -- 1993), Barney Stinson on How I Met Your Mother (2005 -- 2014, for which he was nominated for four Emmy Awards), and Count Olaf on A Series of Unfortunate Events (2017 onward).

Batman: Under the Red Hood

Batman: Under the Red Hood is a 2010 American animated superhero direct - to - video film produced by Warner Bros. Animation and released by Warner Home Video. It is the eighth feature in the DC Universe Animated Original Movies series. It was released on July 27, 2010. The film stars Bruce Greenwood as Bruce Wayne / Batman, Jensen Ackles as the Red Hood / Jason Todd, John DiMaggio as the Joker, Neil Patrick Harris as Nightwing / Dick Grayson, Jason Isaacs as Ra's al Ghul, and Wade Williams as Black Mask. The screenplay was written by Judd Winick, who also wrote the ``Under the Hood ''run in the monthly Batman comic. Under the Red Hood was released on July 27, 2010, and received highly positive reviews from critics, who praised its plot, animation, and focus on storytelling. It is generally considered to be one of the best in the DC Universe Animated Original Movies line. The film was also a commercial success, grossing over $12 million in home video sales. The two-disc special edition and Blu-ray also includes an animated short featuring Jonah Hex. An interactive short spiritual sequel/film adaptation, Batman: Death in the Family, was released on October 13, 2020.

== Plot ==
Ra's al Ghul realizes his mistake in hiring the Joker to use him as a distraction while he destroyed Europe's financial districts after learning that he has captured Jason Todd, the second Robin, Batman's partner. In Sarajevo, Bosnia, Joker brutally assaults and tortures Jason in an abandoned warehouse. He then locks Jason in the warehouse with a bomb, which explodes and kills him before Batman arrives.
Five years later in Gotham City, a mysterious vigilante called Red Hood assembles a meetingBatman: Under the Red Hood is a 2010 American animated superhero direct - to - video film produced by Warner Bros. Animation and released by Warner Home Video. It is the eighth feature in the DC Universe Animated Original Movies series. It was released on

Question: In the film "Batman Under the Red Hood", which role is portrayed by the actor who was also Barney in "How I Met Your Mother"?

Question: who played barney on how i met your mother

Answer: Neil Patrick Harris

Question: who does #1 play in batman under the red hood

Answer: Nightwing / Dick Grayson

Answer: Nightwing / Dick Grayson

What character does the actor who played Barney on How I Met Your Mother play in Batman Under the Red Hood?


Je dis aime

 Festival de connes (pokes fun at the pretentiousness of the Cannes film festival changing Cannes to connes – i.e. idiots)
Le Mec hamac
Close to Me (loosely a cover of the song by The Cure but using only one line in English from the original)
Émilie 1000 Volts (salsa flavoured track)
Qui est le plus fragile
Le Complexe du corn flakes
Au lieu du crime
Bonoboo (written by Andrée Chedid, the song refers to a type of pygmy chimpanzee that shares over 98% of its DNA with humans)
Le Commun des motels
Mama Sam (Mama Sam as compared to Uncle Sam. Spot some of the punning like Nike for Nique)

== References ==Je dis aime (1999) is the second studio album by French singer-songwriter Matthieu Chedid, in his persona as -M-, described by reviewers as a "conceptual icon to rival Bowie's Ziggy Stardust and Aladdin Sane". The album manages to take a remarkable variety of musical directions and pull them together into a consistent whole. Another reviewer describes the album as sounding like a 'French Lenny Kravitz' and notes the 'vintage 70s sound and textures'.

== Wordplay ==
Je dis aime is a play on words in French as 'aime' (love) is pronounced exactly the same as '-M-'. Many of the tracks use similar word play as is common in French songs but particularly rich in -M-'s work.

== Track listing ==
Monde virtuel
Je dis aime (written by Andrée Chedid, -M-'s famous grandmother)
Onde sensuelle
À celle qui dure
Faut oublier
Le Festival de connes (pokes fun at the pretentiousness of the Cannes film festival changing Cannes to connes – i.e. idiots)
Le Mec hamac
Close to Me (loosely a cover of the song by The Cure but using only one line in English from the original)
Émilie 1000 Volts (salsa flavouredJe dis aime (1999) is the second studio album by French singer-songwriter Matthieu Chedid, in his persona as -M-, described by reviewers as a "conceptual icon to rival Bowie's Ziggy Stardust and Aladdin Sane". The album manages to take a remarkable variety of musical directions and pull them together into a consistent whole. Another reviewer describes the album as sounding like a 'French Lenny Kravitz' and notes the 'vintage 70s sound and textures'.Je dis aime (1999) is the second studio album by French singer-songwriter Matthieu Chedid, in his persona as -M-, described by reviewers as a "conceptual icon to rival Bowie's Ziggy Stardust and Aladdin Sane". The album manages to take a remarkable variety of musical directions and pull them together into a consistent whole. Another reviewer describes the album as sounding like a 'French Lenny Kravitz' and notes the 'vintage 70s sound and textures'..

== Wordplay ==
Je dis aime is a play on words in French as 'aime' (love) is pronounced exactly the same as '-M-'. Many of the tracks use similar word play as is common in French songs but particularly rich in -M-'s work.

== Track listing ==
Monde virtuel
Je dis aime (written by Andrée Chedid, -M-'s famous grandmother)
Onde sensuelle
À celle qui dure
Faut oublier
Le Festival de connes (pokes fun at the pretentiousness of the Cannes film festival changing Cannes to connes – i.e. idiots)
Le Mec hamac
Close to Me (loosely a cover of the song by The Cure but using only one line in English from the original)
Émilie 1000 Volts (salsa flavoured track)
Qui est le plus fragile
Le Complexe du corn flakes
Au lieu du crime
Bonoboo (written by Andrée Chedid, the song refers to a type of pygmy chimpanzee that shares over 98% of its DNA with humans)
Le Commun des motels
Mama Sam (Mama Sam as compared to Uncle Sam. Spot some of the punning like Nike for Nique)

== References ==Je dis aime (1999) is the second studio album by French singer-songwriter Matthieu Chedid, in his persona as -M-, described by reviewers as a "conceptual icon to rival Bowie's Ziggy Stardust and Aladdin Sane". The album manages to take a remarkable variety of musical directions and pull them together into a consistent whole. Another reviewer describes the album as sounding like a 'French Lenny Kravitz' and notes the 'vintage 70s sound and textures'.

== Wordplay ==
Je dis aime is a play on words in French as 'aime' (love) is pronounced exactly the same as '-M-'. Many of the tracks use similar word play as is common in French songs but particularly rich in -M-'s work.

== Track listing ==
Monde virtuel
Je dis aime (written by Andrée Chedid, -M-'s famous grandmother)
Onde sensuelle
À celle qui dure
Faut oublier
Le Festival de connes (pokes fun at the pretentious

Matthieu Chedid

 Lamomali. Since 2018, he has been the most awarded artist at the Victoires de la Musique Awards with 13 awards, tied with Alain Bashung.

== Biography ==
Matthieu Chedid was born in Boulogne-Billancourt, Hauts-de-Seine, France. His father Louis Chedid is a singer from a family of Lebanese extraction, of Maronite and Greek Orthodox Christian background. Louis Chedid's mother Andrée (née Saab) was an Egyptian-born French writer and poet, who has written lyrics for Matthieu Chedid's songs. Matthieu Chedid's sisters are the music video and concert director Émilie Chedid (born in 1970) and French singer Anna Chedid (born in 1987), also known by her stage name Nach. His brother Joseph "Selim" Chedid (born in 1986) is also a French singer and a guitar and drums player.
Chedid took an interest in music early on. In 1978, at the age of six, Chedid lent his voice to the chorus of his father's hit song T'as beau pas être beau alongside older sister, Émilie. During his teenage years and early twenties, Chedid was part of short-lasting groups such as Tam Tam , Les Bébés fous and Les Poissons Rouges with Mathieu Boogaerts, as well as Julien Voulzy and Pierre Souchon (respectively the sons of singers Laurent Voulzy and Alain Souchon) who went on to form the duo Les Cherche Midi.
He has collaborated with a number of artists, both on stage and in the recording studio. Early into his solo career, Chedid was the opening act for Texas concerts. He has recorded with NTM, Sinclair, Billy Ze Kick, Brigitte Fontaine, Sean Lennon, Vanessa Paradis, and Johnny Hallyday.
Until 2008, Chedid was in a relationship with French actress Audrey Tautou.

=== -M- ===
Chedid performs and records under the stage name -M-. Chedid created -M- as means of overcoming his shyness on stage and also as a way of distancing his work from that of his father and grandmother. The pseudMatthieu Chedid was born in Boulogne-Billancourt, Hauts-de-Seine, France, the son of French singer Louis Chedid, and the grandson of the Egyptian-born French writer and poet of Lebanese descent Andrée Chedid who has written lyrics for him. His sister is the music video and concert director Émilie Chedid. Nouvelle Chanson, electronic and rock music. In studio, he experiments with various instruments and electronic music, while on tour as -M- he mostly plays the guitar, and is known for his eccentric outfits and dramatic live performances, sometimes including special effects.
Chedid has also performed in the 2005 stage musical Le soldat rose and is part of French-Malian band Lamomali. Since 2018, he has been the most awarded artist at the Victoires de la Musique Awards with 13 awards, tied with Alain Bashung.

== Biography ==
Matthieu Chedid was born in Bou

Question: Who is the paternal parent of the artist who sang 'Je dis aime'?

Question: Je dis aime >> performer

Answer: Matthieu Chedid

Question: The father of #1 is whom?

Answer: Louis Chedid

Answer: Louis Chedid

Who is the father of the performer of Je dis aime?


Minneapolis

 major arts institutions include the Minneapolis Institute of Art, the Walker Art Center, and the Guthrie Theater. Four professional sports teams play downtown. Prince is survived by his favorite venue, the First Avenue nightclub. Minneapolis is home to the University of Minnesota's main campus. The city's public transport is provided by Metro Transit, and the international airport, serving the Twin Cities region, is located towards the south on the city limits.
Residents adhere to more than fifty religions. Despite its wellMinneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul, the state's capital. The city is abundantly rich in water, with 13 lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks and waterfalls; many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway. It was once the world's flour milling capital and a hub for timber. The city and surrounding region is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle. As of 2018, Minneapolis was home to 6 Fortune 500 companies, and the Twin Cities were the fifth-largest hub of major corporate headquarters in the United States. As an integral link to the global economy, Minneapolis is categorized as a global city.Minneapolis, officially the City of Minneapolis, is a city in and the county seat of Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States. With a population of 429,954, it is the state's most populous city as of the 2020 census. It occupies both banks of the Mississippi River and adjoins Saint Paul, the state capital of Minnesota. Minneapolis, Saint Paul, and the surrounding area are collectively known as the Twin Cities, a metropolitan area with 3Minneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul, the state's capital. The city is abundantly rich in water, with 13 lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks and waterfalls; many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway. It was once the world's flour milling capital and a hub for timber. The city and surrounding region is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle. As of 2018, Minneapolis was home to 6 Fortune 500 companies, and the Twin Cities were the fifth-largest hub of major corporate headquarters in the United States. As an integral link to the global economy, Minneapolis is categorized as a global city. public park system is connected by the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway.
Dakota people originally inhabited the site of today's Minneapolis. European colonization and settlement began north of Fort Snelling along Saint Anthony Falls—the only natural waterfall on the Mississippi River. The city's early growth was attributed to its proximity to the fort and the falls providing power for industrial activity. Minneapolis

Astronautalis

 2003. He eventually signed with Fighting Records and the record was re-released in 2005, followed by his second album, The Mighty Ocean and Nine Dark TheCharles Andrew Bothwell (born December 13, 1981), known by his stage name 'Astronautalis', is an American alternative hip hop artist currently based in Minneapolis, Minnesota.CharCharles Andrew Bothwell (born December 13, 1981), known by his stage name 'Astronautalis', is an American alternative hip hop artist currently based in Minneapolis, Minnesota.== History ==
After gaining some recognition in local circles in Jacksonville, Florida and competing at Scribble Jam, Astronautalis self-released his debut album, You and Yer Good Ideas, in 2003. He eventually signed with Fighting Records and the record was re-released in 2005, followed by his second album, The Mighty Ocean and Nine Dark TheCharles Andrew Bothwell (born December 13, 1981), known by his stage name 'Astronautalis', is an American alternative hip hop artist currently based in Minneapolis, Minnesota.Charles Andrew Bothwell (born December 13, 1981), better known by his stage name Astronautalis, is an American alternative hip hop artist currently based in Brooklyn, New York.

== History ==
After gaining some recognition in local circles in Jacksonville, Florida and competing at Scribble Jam, Astronautalis self-released his debut album, You and Yer Good Ideas, in 2003. He eventually signed with Fighting Records and the record was re-released in 2005, followed by his second album, The Mighty Ocean and Nine Dark Theaters, in 2006. He released the third album, Pomegranate, on Eyeball Records in 2008. In winter 2009, he toured with the Canadian indie rock band Tegan and Sara through Europe, and supported them again through the spring of 2010 in Australia. His fourth album, This Is Our Science, was released on Fake Four Inc. in 2011. His latest release, Cut the Body Loose, was released in 2016.
Astronautalis is a descendant of James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell, which is one of the reasons why his lyrics often deal with historical fiction.

== Style ==
Astronautalis has been described as "if Beck were a decade or so younger and had grown up more heavily immersed in hip-hop," with his rapping style noted for "blending styles of indie rock, electro, and talkin’ blues" with hip-hop. He has described himself as "historical fiction hip-hop."
During live performances, Astronautalis often performs a freestyle rap based on topics chosen by members of his audience.

== Controversies ==
In June 2020 Astronautalis was accused of sexual assault and physical abuse by a number of accounts on Instagram and Twitter. Astronautalis released a response admitting to this abuse and has since deleted all of his tweets and made his account private.

== Discography ==

=== Studio albums ===
You and Yer Good Ideas (self-released, 2003; Fighting, 2005)
The Mighty Ocean & Nine Dark Theaters (Fighting, 2006)
Pomegranate (Eyeball, 2008)
This Is Our Science

Mississippi River

 for the western expansion of the United States. The river became the subject of American literature, particularly in the writings of Mark Twain.
Formed from thick layers of the river's silt deposits, the Mississippi embayment is one of the most fertile regions of the United States; steamboats were widely used in the 19th and early 20th centuries to ship agricultural and industrial goods. During the American Civil War, the Mississippi's capture by Union forces marked a turning point towards victory, due to the river's strategic importance to the Confederate war effort. Because of the substantial growth of cities and the larger ships and barges that replaced steamboats, the first decades of the 20th century saw the construction of massive engineering works such as levees, locks and dams, often built in combination. A major focus of this work has been to prevent the lower Mississippi from shifting into the channel of the Atchafalaya River and bypassing New Orleans.
Since the 20th century, the Mississippi River has also experienced major pollution and environmental problems — most notably elevated nutrient and chemical levels from agricultural runoff, the primary contributor to the Gulf of Mexico dead zone.

== Name and significance ==
The word Mississippi itself comes from Misi zipi, the French rendering of the Anishinaabe (The Mississippi River is the chief river of the second - largest drainage system on the North American continent, second only to the Hudson Bay drainage system. Flowing entirely in the United States (although its drainage basin reaches into Canada), it rises in northern Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards for 2,320 miles (3,730 km) to the Mississippi River Delta at the Gulf of Mexico. With its many tributaries, the Mississippi's watershed drains all or parts of 31 U.S. states and 2 Canadian provinces between the Rocky and Appalachian Mountains. The Mississippi ranks as the fourth - longest and fifteenth - largest river in the world by discharge. The river either borders or passes through the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana.The Mississippi River is the primary river and second-longest river of the largest drainage basin in the United States. From its traditional source of Lake Itasca in northern Minnesota, it flows generally south for 2,340 miles (3,766 km) to the Mississippi River Delta in the Gulf of Mexico. With its many tributaries, the Mississippi's watershed drains all or parts of 32 U.S. states and two Canadian provinces between the Rocky and Appalachian mountains. The main stem is entirely within the United States; the total drainage basin is 1,151,000 sq mi (2,980,000 km2), of which only about one percent is in Canada. The Mississippi ranks as the thirteenth-largest river by discharge in theThe Mississippi River is the chief river of the second - largest drainage system on the North American continent, second only to the Hudson Bay drainage system. Flowing entirely in the United States (although its drainage basin reaches into Canada), it rises in northern Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards for 2,320 miles (3,730 km) to the Mississippi River Delta at the Gulf of Mexico. With its many tributaries, the Mississippi's watershed drains all or parts of 31 U.S. states and 2 Canadian provinces between the Rocky and Appalachian Mountains. The Mississippi ranks as the fourth - longest and fifteenth - largest river in the world by discharge. The river either borders or passes through the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana.

Question: Into which part of the Gulf of Mexico does the water body near the city where Astronautalis hails from flow?

Question: What city is Astronautalis from?

Answer: Minneapolis

Question: Which is the body of water by #1 ?

Answer: Mississippi River

Question: where does #2 empty into the gulf of mexico

Answer: the Mississippi River Delta

Answer: the Mississippi River Delta

Where does the body of water by the city that Astronautalis is from empty into the gulf of Mexico?


KKVU

K229BU at FCCdata.org
Facility details for Facility ID 149672 (K275BS)   in the FCC Licensing and Management System
K275BS at FCCdata.org
K281BK at FCCdata.org
Facility details for Facility ID 146254 (K287AW)   in the FCC LicensingKKVU (104.5 FM, "U 104.5") is a commercial radio station licensed to Stevensville, Montana, serving the Missoula, Montana area, owned by Simmons Media Ventures, LLC, through licensee Missoula Broadcasting Company, LLC. KKVU airs an Adult Top 40 music format.KKKVU (104.5 FM, "U 104.5") is a commercial radio station licensed to Stevensville, Montana, serving the Missoula, Montana area, owned by Simmons Media Ventures, LLC, through licensee Missoula Broadcasting Company, LLC. KKVU airs an Adult Top 40 music format. ==
U 104.5's Official Website
Facility details for Facility ID 162327 (KKVU)   in the FCC Licensing and Management System
KKVU in Nielsen Audio's FM station database
Facility details for Facility ID 57331 (K229BU)   in the FCC Licensing and Management System
K229BU at FCCdata.org
Facility details for Facility ID 149672 (K275BS)   in the FCC Licensing and Management System
K275BS at FCCdata.org
K281BK at FCCdata.org
Facility details for Facility ID 146254 (K287AW)   in the FCC LicensingKKVU (104.5 FM, "U 104.5") is a commercial radio station licensed to Stevensville, Montana, serving the Missoula, Montana area, owned by Simmons Media Ventures, LLC, through licensee Missoula Broadcasting Company, LLC. KKVU airs an Adult Top 40 music format.KKVU (104.5 FM, "104.5 the U") is a commercial radio station licensed to Stevensville, Montana, serving the Missoula, Montana area, owned by Missoula Broadcasting Company, LLC. KKVU airs an Adult Top 40 music format.

== Previous logos ==

== External links ==
U 104.5's Official Website
Facility details for Facility ID 162327 (KKVU)   in the FCC Licensing and Management System
KKVU in Nielsen Audio's FM station database
Facility details for Facility ID 57331 (K229BU)   in the FCC Licensing and Management System
K229BU at FCCdata.org
Facility details for Facility ID 149672 (K275BS)   in the FCC Licensing and Management System
K275BS at FCC

Stevensville, Michigan

.  A.D. Brown made a later addition, and in 1893 the village was incorporated.  In 1906, Stevensville's population was 250.

== Geography ==
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.04 square miles (2.69 km2), all land.

== Demographics ==

=== 2010 census ===
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,142 people, 526 households, and 315 families living in the village. The population density was 1,098.1 inhabitants per square mile (424.0/km2). There were 584 housing units at an average density of 561.5 per square mile (216.8/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 94.6% White, 2.1% African American, 1.0% Native American, 1.2% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.6% from other races, and 0.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.4% of the population.
There were 526 households, of which 23.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.9% were married couples living together, 9.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 40.1% were non-families. 34.4% of all households wereStevensville is a village in Berrien County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The village lies within Lincoln Township. The population was 1,142 at the 2010 census.StStevensville is a village in Berrien County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The village lies within Lincoln Township. The population was 1,142 at the 2010 census. census.

== History ==
The village was platted in the 1840s by Thomas Stevens, who was a prominent banker from Niles, Michigan, and owned a large tract of land in the area.  A.D. Brown made a later addition, and in 1893 the village was incorporated.  In 1906, Stevensville's population was 250.

== Geography ==
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.04 square miles (2.69 km2), all land.

== Demographics ==

=== 2010 census ===
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,142 people, 526 households, and 315 families living in the village. The population density was 1,098.1 inhabitants per square mile (424.0/km2). There were 584 housing units at an average density of 561.5 per square mile (216.8/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 94.6% White, 2.1% African American, 1.0% Native American, 1.2% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.6% from other races, and 0.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.4% of the population.
There were 526 households, of which 23.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.9% were married couples living together, 9.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 40.1% were non-families. 34.4% of all households wereStevensville is a village in Berrien County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The village lies within Lincoln Township. The population was 1,142 at the 2010 census.Stevensville is a village in Berrien County in the U.S. state of Michigan.  The village lies within Lincoln Township.  The population was 1,147 at the 2020 census.

== History ==
The village was platted in the 1840s by Thomas Stevens, who was a prominent banker from Niles, Michigan, and owned a large tract of land in the area.  A.D. Brown made

Question: What is the county of the city where KKVU holds a valid broadcasting license?

Question: KKVU >> licensed to broadcast to

Answer: Stevensville

Question: #1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity

Answer: Berrien County

Answer: Berrien County

In which county is the city to which KKVU is licensed to broadcast?


Catalan language

ian Community, where it is called Valencian. It has semi-official status in the Italian comune of Alghero, and it is spoken in the Pyrénées-Orientales department of France and in two further areas in eastern Spain: the eastern strip of Aragon and the Carche area in the Region of Murcia. The Catalan-speaking territories are often called the Països Catalans or "Catalan Countries".
The language evolved from Vulgar Latin in the Middle Ages around the eastern Pyrenees. Nineteenth-century Spain saw a Catalan literary revival, culminating in the early 1900s.

== Etymology and pronunciation ==

The word Catalan is derived from the territorial name of Catalonia, itself of disputed etymology. The main theory suggests that Catalunya (Latin: Gathia Launia) derives from the name Gothia or Gauthia ('Land of the Goths'), since the origins of the Catalan counts, lords and people were found in the March of Gothia, whence Gothland > Gothlandia > Gothalania > Catalonia theoretically derived.
In English, the term referring to a person first appears in the mid 14th century as Catelaner, followed in the 15th century as Catellain (from Middle French). It is attested a language name since at least 1652. The word Catalan can be pronounced in English as ,  or .
The endonym is pronounced [kətə��la] in the Eastern Catalan dialects, and [kata��la] in the Western dialects. In the Valencian Community and Carche, the term valencià [valensi��a, ba-] is frequently used instead. Thus, the name "Valencian", although often employed for referring to the varieties specific to the Valencian Community and Carche, is also used by Valencians as a name for the language as a whole, synonymous with "Catalan". Both uses of the term have their respective entries in the dictionaries by the Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua and the Institut d'Estudis Catalans. See also status of Valencian below.

== History ==

=== Middle Ages ===

By the 9th century, Catalan had evolved from Vulgar Latin on both sides of the eastern end of the Pyrenees, as well as the territories of the Roman province of Hispania Tarraconensis to the south. From the 8th century onwards the Catalan counts extended their territory southwards and westwards at the expense of the Muslims, bringing their language with them. This process was given definitive impetus with the separation of the County of Barcelona from the Carolingian Empire in 988.
In the 11th century, documents written in macaronic Latin begin to show Catalan elements, with texts written almost completely in Romance appearing by 1080. Old Catalan shared many features with Gallo-Romance, diverging from Old Occitan between the 11th and 14th centuries.
During the 11th and 12th centuries the Catalan rulers expanded southward to the Ebro river, and in the 13th century they conquered the Land of Valencia and the Balearic Islands. The city of Alghero in Sardinia was repopulated with Catalan speakers in the 14th century. The language also reached Murcia, which became Spanish-speaking in the 15th century.
In the Low Middle Ages, Catalan went through a golden age, reaching a peak of maturity and cultural richness. Examples include the work of Majorcan polymath Ramon Llull (1232–1315), the Four Great Chronicles (13th–14th centuries), and the Valencian school of poetry culminating in Ausiàs March (1397–1459). By the 15th century, the city of Valencia had become the sociocultural center of the Crown of Aragon, and Catalan was present all over the Mediterranean world. During this period, the Royal Chancery propagated a highly standardized language. Catalan was widely used as an official language in Sicily until the 15th century, and in Sardinia until the 17th. During this period, the language was what Costa Carreras terms "one of the 'great languages' of medieval Europe".
Martorell's novel of chivalry Tirant lo Blanc (1490) shows a transition from Medieval to Renaissance values, something that can also be seen in Metge's work. The first book produced with movable type in the Iberian Peninsula was printed in Catalan.

=== Start of the modern era ===

==== Spain ====
With the union of the crowns of Castille and Aragon in 1479, the Spanish kings ruled over different kingdoms, each with its own cultural, linguistic and political particularities, and they had to swear by the laws of each territory before the respective parliaments. But after the War of the Spanish Succession, Spain became an absolute monarchy under Philip V, which led to the assimilation of the Crown of Aragon by the Crown of Castile through the Nueva Planta decrees, as a first step in the creation of the Spanish nation-state; as in other contemporary European states, this meant the imposition of the political and cultural characteristics of the dominant groups. Since the political unification of 1714, Spanish assimilation policies towards national minorities have been a constant.

The process of assimilation began with secret instructions to the corregidores of the Catalan territory: they "will take the utmost care to introduce the Castilian language, for which purpose he will give the most temperate and disguised measures so that the effect is achieved, without the care being noticed." From there, actions in the service of assimilation, discreet or aggressive, were continued, and reached to the last detail, such as, in 1799, the Royal Certificate forbidding anyone to "represent, sing and dance pieces that were not in Spanish." The use of Spanish gradually became more prestigious and marked the start of the decline of Catalan. Starting in the 16th century, Catalan literature came under the influence of Spanish, and the nobles, part of the urban and literary classes became bilingual.

==== France ====
With the Treaty of the Pyrenees (1659), Spain ceded the northern part of Catalonia to France, and soon thereafter the local Catalan varieties came under the influence of French, which in 1700 became the sole official language of the region.
Shortly after the French Revolution (1789), the French First Republic prohibited official use of, and enacted discriminating policies against, the regional languages of France, such as Catalan, AlWestern Catalan comprises the two dialects of Northwestern Catalan and Valencian; the Eastern block comprises four dialects: Central Catalan, Balearic, Rossellonese, and Alguerese. Each dialect can be further subdivided in several subdialects.

Catalan language

In Majorcan, unstressed vowels reduce to four: /a e ɛ/ follow the Eastern Catalan reduction pattern; however /o ɔ/ reduce to [o], with /u/ remaining distinct, as in Western Catalan. Community and Carche as Valencian (autonym: valencià), is a Western Romance language. It is the official language of Andorra, and an official language of three autonomous communities in eastern Spain: Catalonia, the Balearic Islands and the Valencian Community, where it is called Valencian. It has semi-official status in the Italian comune of Alghero, and it is spoken in the Pyrénées-Orientales department of France and in two further areas in eastern Spain: the eastern strip of Aragon and the Carche area in the Region of Murcia. The Catalan-speaking territories are often called the Països Catalans or "Catalan Countries".
The language evolved from Vulgar Latin in the Middle Ages around the eastern Pyrenees. Nineteenth-century Spain saw a Catalan literary revival, culminating in the early 1900s.

== Etymology and pronunciation ==

The word Catalan is derived from the territorial name of Catalonia, itself of disputed etymology. The main theory suggests that Catalunya (Latin: Gathia Launia) derives from the name Gothia or Gauthia ('Land of the Goths'), since the origins of the Catalan counts, lords and people were found in the March of Gothia, whence Gothland > Gothlandia > Gothalania > Catalonia theoretically derived.
In English, the term referring to a person first appears in the mid 14th century as Catelaner, followed in the 15th century as Catellain (from Middle French). It is attested a language name since at least 1652. The word Catalan can be pronounced in English as ,  or .
The endonym is pronounced [kətə��la] in the Eastern Catalan dialects, and [kata��la] in the Western dialects. In the Valencian Community and Carche, the term valencià [valensi��a, ba-] is frequently used instead. Thus, the name "Valencian", although often employed for referring to the varieties specific to the Valencian Community and Carche, is also used by Valencians as a name for the language as a whole, synonymous with "Catalan". Both uses of the term have their respective entries in the dictionaries by the Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua and the Institut d'Estudis Catalans. See also status of Valencian below.

== History ==

=== Middle Ages ===

By the 9th century, Catalan had evolved from Vulgar Latin on both sides of the eastern end of the Pyrenees, as well as the territories of the Roman province of Hispania Tarraconensis to the south. From the 8th century onwards

Question: In this version of Catalan, which two dialects are particularly distinguishable according to the /u/ sound?

Question: /u/ remaining distinct is like what form of Catalan?

Answer: Western Catalan

Question: What two dialects does #1 include?

Answer: Northwestern Catalan and Valencian

Answer: Northwestern Catalan and Valencian

What two dialects does the /u/ remaining distinct in this form of Catalan include?