Growing Up American

 public have influenced Vietnamese American children. Chapter 2 gives a description of the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the U.S. Vietnamese population and describes the social and economic challenges facing the Vietnamese. Chapter 3 offers examples of how families and surrounding ethnic communities can serve as sources of social capital for young people. Chapter 4 discusses the patterns of social and kinship relations in Vietnamese ethnic communities. Here, Zhou and Bankston develop their theory that ethnic social relations can serve as a form of social capital for young people growing up in immigrant communities. Chapter 5 examines how Vietnamese language abilities promote the adaptation of young Vietnamese to American society by connecting them to the supports of their families and communities. Chapter 6 considers Vietnamese American adaptation to American schools and argues that generally high levels of school performance are products of tightly integrated ethnic communities. Chapter 7 examines bicultural conflict and gender role issues faced by Vietnamese growing up in the United States. Chapter 8 discusses peer group associations and problems of juvenile delinquency. It provides evidence that young people who follow delinquent patterns tend to be those who assimilate to the youth culture of Vietnamese and other subgroups, rather than remain bound within their ethnic communities. Chapter 9 gives a general summary and offers conclusions of relevance to the study of immigrant and minority groups in the United States.

== Critical reception ==
Growing Up American has received widespread critical praise. Writing in the journal Social Forces, reviewer Jiannbin Shiao described the analysis of delinquency in the Vietnamese community as “contestable but refreshingly bold” and described it as “a fine contribution to the sociology of education, social stratification, social demography, Asian American Studies, and, one hopes, also U.S. urban policy.” In the International Migration Review, Kimberly Goyette praised the book for “…elaborat[ing] a detailed and elegant framework for conceptualizing the relationship between children and their various environments and also the relationship between these environments.” Kelly Chong, reviewing the book for the American Journal of Sociology, observed “this comprehensive investigation of the adaptation process of second generation Vietnamese in the United States fills an important gap in the study of contemporary “new” immigrants and the second generation assimilation experience.”
In addition to the praise, though, reviewers have also had some reservations. In particular, critics have questioned the generalizability of the books findings to other ethnic groups and they have suggested the book may be too optimistic in its account of the future of young Vietnamese Americans. Critics of more radical orientations have often objected the authors’ acceptance of American society and the focus on adapting to that society. For example, Karin Aguilar-San Juan, in the book Little Saigons: Staying Vietnamese in America, accuses Zhou and Bankston of ignoring the processes of racialization and systemic racism in encouraging Asian immigrant achievement while frustrating black American achievement.

== Awards ==
1999 Thomas and Znaniecki Award, Outstanding Book in International Migration, American Sociological Association
2000 Distinguished Book Award, Mid-South Sociological Association

== See also ==
Asian American
Diaspora studies
List of U.S. cities with large Vietnamese American populations
List of Vietnamese Americans
Little Saigon
Overseas Vietnamese
Refugees
Vietnamese people

== External links ==
"Growing up American: How Vietnamese children adapt to life in the United States". sscnet.ucla.edu. Archived from the original on 2012-12-15.
"Min Zhou, Ph.D." sscnet.ucla.edu. Archived from the original on 2012-12-10.
"Carl L. Bankston III". tulane.edu. Archived from the original on 2010-04-12.
Zhou, Min; Bankston, Carl L., III (February 2000). StraddlingGrowing Up American: How Vietnamese Children Adapt to Life in the United States, by Min Zhou and Carl L. Bankston III is one of the most influential books on the Vietnamese American experience. Published in 1998 by the Russell Sage Foundation, it is widely used in college classes on international migration, contemporary American history, and Asian Studies. The book emphasizes the role of Vietnamese communities in promoting the adaptation of Vietnamese American young people.GGrowing Up American: How Vietnamese Children Adapt to Life in the United States, by Min Zhou and Carl L. Bankston III is one of the most influential books on the Vietnamese American experience. Published in 1998 by the Russell Sage Foundation, it is widely used in college classes on international migration, contemporary American history, and Asian Studies. The book emphasizes the role of Vietnamese communities in promoting the adaptation of Vietnamese American young people.One of the unique characteristics of the book is its combination of a general history of the growth and nature of Vietnamese American communities around the United States with an in-depth study of one specific Vietnamese community, on the eastern edge of New Orleans, Louisiana.

== Organization of the book ==
Chapter 1 traces the history of Vietnamese settlement in the United States, giving special attention to how the process of refugee resettlement and popular opinions of the American public have influenced Vietnamese American children. Chapter 2 gives a description of the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the U.S. Vietnamese population and describes the social and economic challenges facing the Vietnamese. Chapter 3 offers examples of how families and surrounding ethnic communities can serve as sources of social capital for young people. Chapter 4 discusses the patterns of social and kinship relations in Vietnamese ethnic communities. Here, Zhou and Bankston develop their theory that ethnic social relations can serve as a form of social capital for young people growing up in immigrant communities. Chapter 5 examines how Vietnamese language abilities promote the adaptation of young Vietnamese to American society by connecting them to the supports of their families and communities. Chapter 6 considers Vietnamese American adaptation to American schools and argues that generally high levels of school performance are products of tightly integrated ethnic communities. Chapter 7 examines bicultural conflict and gender role issues faced by Vietnamese growing up in the United States. Chapter 8 discusses peer group associations and problems of juvenile delinquency. It provides evidence that young people who follow delinquent patterns tend to be those who assimilate to the youth culture of Vietnamese and other subgroups, rather

The Wild Women of Chastity Gulch

, Frank Isaacs, and a captured Confederate doctor, Captain John Cane, a demented faction of soldiers invades Sweetwater and the women must spring into action to defend their homes.

== Cast ==
Priscilla Barnes ...  Maggie McCulloch
Lee Horsley ...  Captain John Cain
Joan Collins ...  Annie McCulloch
Howard Duff ...  Colonel Samuel Isaacs
Morgan Brittany ...  Lannie
The Wild Women of Chastity Gulch is a 1982 American made-for-television western romantic comedy film directed by Philip Leacock and starring Priscilla Barnes, Lee Horsley, Joan Collins, Donny Osmond, Morgan Brittany and Lisa Whelchel. Executive produced by Aaron Spelling, it premiered on ABC on October 31, 1982 and was later syndicated to cable television for rebroadcast.The Wild Women of Chastity Gulch is a 1982 American made-for-television Western romantic comedy film directed by Philip Leacock and starring Priscilla Barnes, Lee Horsley, Joan Collins, Donny Osmond, Morgan Brittany, and Lisa Whelchel. Executive produced by Aaron Spelling, it premiered on ABC on October 31, 1982, and was later syndicated to cable television for rebroadcast.

== Synopsis ==
In Civil War-era Southern Missouri, Dr. Maggie McCullough travels to the aid of her ailing aunt, Annie, the town's madame, in the lovely community of Sweetwater.  With all of the menThe Wild Women of Chastity Gulch is a 1982 American made-for-television western romantic comedy film directed by Philip Leacock and starring Priscilla Barnes, Lee Horsley, Joan Collins, Donny Osmond, Morgan Brittany and Lisa Whelchel. Executive produced by Aaron Spelling, it premiered on ABC on October 31, 1982 and was later syndicated to cable television for rebroadcast.

Aaron Spelling

Aaron Spelling (April 22, 1923 – June 23, 2006) was an American film and television producer. Some of his works include the TV programs Charlie's Angels (1976–81), The Love Boat (1977–86), Hart to Hart (1979–84), Dynasty (1981–89), Beverly Hills, 90210 (1990–2000), 7th Heaven (1996–2007), and Charmed (1998–2006). He also served as producer of Mod Squad (1968-1973), The Rookies (1972-1976), and Sunset Beach (1997-1999).–1973), The Rookies (1972–1976), and Sunset Beach (1997–1999).
Through his production company Spelling Television, Spelling holds the record as the most prolific television producer in US television history, with 218 producer and executive producer credits. Forbes ranked him the 11th-highest-earning deceased celebrity in 2009.

== Early life ==
Spelling was born in DallasAaron Spelling (April 22, 1923 – June 23, 2006) was an American film and television producer. Some of his works include the TV programs Charlie's Angels (1976–81), The Love Boat (1977–86), Hart to Hart (1979–84), Dynasty (1981–89), Beverly Hills, 90210 (1990–2000), 7th Heaven (1996–2007), and Charmed (1998–2006). He also served as producer of Mod Squad (1968-1973), The Rookies (1972-1976), and Sunset Beach (1997-1999).Aaron Spelling (April 22, 1923 – June 23, 2006) was an American film and television producer and occasional actor. His productions included the TV series Family (1976–1980), Charlie's Angels (1976–1981), The Love Boat

Question: Who is the author of a book discussing upbringing within the same ethnic background as the man behind the production of The Wild Women of Chastity Gulch?

Question: The Wild Women of Chastity Gulch >> producer

Answer: Aaron Spelling

Question: What nationality was #1 ?

Answer: an American

Question: Growing Up #2 >> author

Answer: Min Zhou

Answer: Min Zhou

Who wrote a book about growing up in the same nationality as the man who produced The Wild Women of Chastity Gulch?


Capote (film)

 of the Paratroopers Brigade.

== Career ==

In 2012, he was cast in his first acting role in the Israeli youth series Galis.
He has starred in popular Israeli exports such as Hostages and the political thriller television series Fauda. Capone also starred in the first season of the Israeli series Taagad. He made his film debut in 2015 in the Natalie Portman-directed film A Tale of Love and Darkness. In 2016 he was awarded an Ophir Award for Best Supporting Actor in the drama One Week and a Day.
In 2017, he was one of several Israeli celebrities who recreated iconic Israeli photos to celebrate the country's 69th year of independence. Kapon recreated the Life cover of Yossi Ben Hanan after the Six-Day War, which showed him as a young IDF troop triumphantly clutching a rifle while standing in the waters of the Suez Canal.
In 2018, he starred in the series, When Heroes Fly. He plays a war veteran of a Special Forces unit, reuniting with three friends for one final mission in the Colombian jungle. The thriller series was awarded the prize of Best Series at the CannesSeries festival. The series was acquired by Netflix and has been available since early 2019.
In June 2018, Capone was cast as Frenchie in the Amazon superhero series, The Boys. The series premiered on July 26, 2019. Ahead of the premiere, Amazon renewed The Boys for a second season.
In 2020, he starred as Moti, the protagonist of the Israeli drama series, One on One on Kan 11.

== Personal life ==
At the age of 26, he resided in the Hatikva Quarter of Tel Aviv, where he attended The Yoram Loewenstein Performing Arts Studio for a year.
In a 2019 interview, he addressed the spelling of his surname: "It's supposed to be with an 'e' at the end, but we don't want people to read it 'Capone' like the gangster. We don't want any misunderstandingsCapote is a 2005 biographical film about Truman Capote, following the events during the writing of Capote's non-fiction book In Cold Blood. Philip Seymour Hoffman won several awards, including the Academy Award for Best Actor, for his critically acclaimed portrayal of the title character. The film was based on Gerald Clarke's biography Capote and was directed by Bennett Miller. It was filmed mostly in Manitoba in the autumn of 2004. It was released September 30, 2005, to coincide with Truman Capote's birthday.TCapote is a 2005 biographical film about Truman Capote, following the events during the writing of Capote's non-fiction book In Cold Blood. Philip Seymour Hoffman won several awards, including the Academy Award for Best Actor, for his critically acclaimed portrayal of the title character. The film was based on Gerald Clarke's biography Capote and was directed by Bennett Miller. It was filmed mostly in Manitoba in the autumn of 2004. It was released September 30, 2005, to coincide with Truman Capote's birthday. Since 2019, he has starred as Serge / Frenchie in Amazon Prime Video's superhero streaming television series The Boys.

== Early life ==
Capone was born in Holon, Israel, the second child of business-owner parents. Raised in the city of Rishon LeZion, he is related to Israeli

Charlie Wilson's War (film)

lie Wilson's War is a 2007 American biographical comedy-drama film based on the story of U.S. Congressman Charlie Wilson and CIA operative Gust Avrakotos, whose efforts led to Operation Cyclone, a program to organize and support the Afghan mujahideen during the Soviet–Afghan War (197The film was directed by Mike Nichols (his final film) and written by Aaron Sorkin, who adapted George Crile III's 2003 book Charlie Wilson's War: The Extraordinary Story of the Largest Covert Operation in History. Tom Hanks, Julia Roberts, and Philip Seymour Hoffman starred, with Amy Adams and Ned Beatty in supporting roles. It was nominated for five Golden Globe Awards, including Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy, but did not win in any category. Hoffman was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.The film was directed by Mike Nichols (his final film) and written by Aaron Sorkin, who adapted George Crile III's 2003 book Charlie Wilson's War: The Extraordinary Story of the Largest Covert Operation in History. Tom Hanks, Julia Roberts, and Philip Seymour Hoffman starred, with Amy Adams and Ned Beatty in supporting roles. It was nominated for five Golden Globe Awards, including Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy, but did not win in any category. Hoffman was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.Charlie Wilson's War is a 2007 American biographical comedy-drama film based on the story of U.S. Congressman Charlie Wilson and CIA operative Gust Avrakotos, whose efforts led to Operation Cyclone, a program to organize and support the Afghan mujahideen during the Soviet–Afghan War (1979–1989).
The film was directed by Mike Nichols (his final film) and written by Aaron Sorkin, who adapted George Crile III's 2003 book Charlie Wilson's War: The Extraordinary Story of the Largest Covert Operation in History. It stars Tom Hanks, Julia Roberts, and Philip Seymour Hoffman, with Amy Adams and Ned Beatty in supporting roles. It earned five nominations at the 65th Golden Globe Awards, including Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy, and Hoffman earned a Best Supporting Actor nomination at the 80th Academy Awards.

== Plot ==
In 1980, Congressman Charlie Wilson, an East Texas Democrat, is more interested in partying than legislating, frequently throwing huge galas and staffing his congressional office with attractive young women. His social life eventually brings about a federal investigation into allegations of his cocaine use, conducted by federal prosecutor Rudy Giuliani as part of a larger investigation into congressional misconduct. The investigation results in no charge against Wilson.
A friend and romantic interest, Joanne Herring, Houston socialite, political activist, diplomat, and television talk show host, encourages Charlie to do more to help the Afghan people, and persuades him to visit the Pakistani leadership. The Pakistanis complain about the inadequate support of the U.S. to oppose the Soviet Union, and they insist that Wilson visit a major Pakistan-based Afghan refugee camp. The Congressman is deeply moved by their misery and determination to fight, but is frustrated by the regional CIA personnel's insistence on a low key approach against the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan. Wilson returns home to lead an effort to substantially increase funding to the mujahideen.
As part of this effort, Charlie befriends maverick CIA operative Gust Avrakotos and his understaffed Afghanistan group to find a better strategy, especially including a means to counter the Soviets' formidable Mil Mi-24 Hind helicopter gunship. This group was composed in part of members of the CIA's Special Activities Division, including a young paramilitary officer named Michael Vickers. As a result, Charlie's deft political bargaining for the necessary funding and Avrakotos' careful planning using those resources, such as supplying the guerrillas with FIM-92 Stinger missile launchers, turns the Soviet occupation into a deadly quagmire with their heavy fighting vehicles being destroyed at a crippling rate. Charlie enlists the support of Israel and Egypt for Soviet weapons and consumables, and Pakistan for distribution of arms.  The CIA's anti-communism budget evolves from $5 million to over $500 million (with the same amount matched by Saudi Arabia), startling several congressmen. This effort by Charlie ultimately evolves into a major portion of the U.S. foreign policy known as the Reagan Doctrine, under which the U.S. expanded assistance beyond just the mujahideen and began also supporting other anti-communist resistance movements around the world. Charlie states that senior Pentagon official Michael Pillsbury persuaded President Ronald Reagan to provide the Stingers to the Afghans.
Gust vehemently advises Charlie to seek support for post-Soviet occupation Afghanistan, referencing the "zen master's" story of the lost horse. He also emphasizes that rehabilitating schools in the country will help educate young children before they are influenced by the "crazies". Charlie attempts to appeal this with the government but finds no enthusiasm for even the modest measures he proposes. In the end, Charlie receives a major commendation for his support of the U.S. clandestine services, but his pride is tempered by his fears of the blowback his secret efforts could yield in the future and the implications of U.S. disengagement from Afghanistan.

== Cast ==

== Release and reception ==

=== Box office ===
The film was originally set for release on December 25, 2007; but on November 30, the timetable was moved up to December 21. In its opening weekend, the film grossed $9.6 million in 2,575 theaters in the United States and Canada, ranking No. 4 at the box office. It grossed a total of $119 million worldwide—$66.7 million in the United States and Canada and $52.3 million in other territories.

=== Critical reaction ===
On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 82% based on 205 reviews, with an average rating of 7.00/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Charlie Wilson's War manages to entertain and inform audiences, thanks to its witty script and talented cast of power players." Metacritic reported the film had an average score of 67 out of 100, based on 39 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A−" on an A+ to F scale.

=== Governmental criticism and praise ===
Some Reagan Era officials, including former Under Secretary of Defense Fred Ikle, have criticized some elements of the film. The Washington Times reported claims that the film wrongly promotes the notion that the CIA-led operation funded Osama bin Laden and ultimately produced the September 11 attacks; however, other Reagan-era officials have been

Question: What accolade was given to the actor who portrayed Truman Capote in the film Capote?

Question: who played truman capote in the movie capote

Answer: Philip Seymour Hoffman

Question: #1 received what recognition?

Answer: nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor

Answer: nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor

What recognition did the actor of Truman Capote from Capote receive?


Miller Electric

 machine was built from recycled scrap steel and coil windings in his basement.
In 1935, Miller Electric Mfg. Co. was incorporated. Al Mulder, Miller's sole engineer, invented the world's first high frequency-stabilized AC industrial welder, making AC welding practical for use in factories and construction.
Miller Electric developed the Millermatic in 1971, combining the previously separate units of power source and wire feed into one unit, bringing MIG welding within reach of a wider market.
In 1993, following the death of the company's heir, Miller Electric was purchased by Illinois Tool Works (ITW), a multi-national company based near Chicago.
The company regularly exhibits new products at trade fairs including SEMA.

== ITW ==

ITW had much in common with Miller Electric in terms of business philosophy, and in 1992 it was ranked as one of the 100 "Most Admired American Corporations" by Fortune magazine. ITW brought to Miller the resource base and global perspective needed to further strengthen the company's position as a world leader in the welding industry.
In 2002, it became the first U.S. welding equipment manufacturer to comply with the new ISO 9001:2000 standard.

== Products list ==
Miller electric manufactures a lot of products related to arc welding. Some of the important products they manufacture are listed below:

Welders
MIG(GMAW)
TIG(GTAW)
Stick(SMAW)
Engine Driven
Wire Feeders
Welding Intelligence
Welding safety equipment
Helmets
Weld Mask
Caps
Safety Glasses
Gloves
Apparel
Fume Extractors
Respiratory

== References ==

== External links ==
Official WebsiteMiller Electric is an American arc welding and cutting equipment manufacturing company based in Appleton, Wisconsin. Miller Electric, has grown from a one-man operation sellingMiller Electric is an arc welding and cutting equipment manufacturing company based in Appleton, Wisconsin. Miller Electric has grown from a one-man operation selling products in northeastern Wisconsin to what is today one of the world's largest manufacturers of arc welding and cutting equipment.Miller Electric is an arc welding and cutting equipment manufacturing company based in Appleton, Wisconsin. Miller Electric has grown from a one-man operation selling products in northeastern Wisconsin to what is today one of the world's largest manufacturers of arc welding and cutting equipment.

Jerome Quinn

Born in Green Bay, Wisconsin, Quinn was a realtor and served on the Green Bay Common Council, the Brown County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors, the local Board of Education, and the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1955 until 1973. He was a Republican. Supervisors, the local Board of Education, and the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1955 until 1973. He was a Republican.

== References ==Jerome Quinn (May 23, 1908 – February 29, 2008) was a Wisconsin politician and realtor.
Born in Green Bay, Wisconsin, Quinn was a realtor and served on the Green Bay Common Council, the Brown County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors, the local Board of Education, and the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1955 until 1973. He was a Republican

Pulaski High School

 rapidly growing population.

== Academics ==
Pulaski offers Advanced Placement classes. The student to teacher ratio is 18 to 1.

== Demographics ==
Over 90 percent of the student body is Caucasian, while 2.9 percent are American Indian, 2.5 percent are Hispanic, 1.4 percent are African American and 1.0 percent are Asian. The school is split 51/49 male to female, while just over 22 percent of the school is eligible for free or reduced lunch.

== Athletics ==

=== StatePulaski High School is a public high school in Pulaski, Wisconsin, in Brown County, Wisconsin (school district also serves parts of Shawano, Outagamie and Oconto counties), that serves students in grades 9 through 12. Its mascot is the Red Raider. Raider.

== History ==
The original school was built in 1909, with additions throughout the next five decades. In 1975, the high school took over an existing school along with other additions, most notably an indoor swimming pool. Another new building was built in 1998 due to a rapidly growing population.

== Academics ==
Pulaski offers Advanced Placement classes. The student to teacher ratio is 18 to 1.

== Demographics ==
Over 90 percent of the student body is Caucasian, while 2.9 percent are American Indian, 2.5 percent are Hispanic, 1.4 percent are African American and 1.0 percent are Asian. The school is split 51/49 male to female, while just over 22 percent of the school is eligible for free or reduced lunch.

== Athletics ==

=== State championships ===
Boys' Basketball: 2013
Wrestling: 1969

John C. Petersen

etersen was elected to the assembly for 1879 from Outagamie County's 1st Assembly district (The City of Appleton, and the Towns of Buchanan, Center, Freedom, Grand Chute and Kaukauna), receiving 1,096 votes against 1,000 for Republican B. T. Rogers (Rep.), and 423 for incumbent William Smith Warner (who had been elected as an "Independent Democrat" but was now the Democratic nominee). He was assigned to the standing committee on public improvements.
He was re-elected for 1880 by 963 votes, against 779 for D. J. Brothers, a Democrat, and 434 for P. P. Wing, a Republican. Even though he was re-elected running against a Democrat, he is listed in the 1880 Wisconsin Blue Book as a "Greenback Democrat": there were 71 Republicans, 27 Democrats, Petersen (listed separately asJohn C. Petersen (November 2, 1842 – July 10, 1887) was an American butcher and farmer from Appleton, Wisconsin who served as a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from Outagamie County. He was elected in 1878 as a Greenbacker, and was re-elected the next year as a "Greenback Democrat" (even though he was opposed by a Democrat).== Background ==
Petersen was born in Glückstadt, Holstein-Glückstadt (now part of Germany but then ruled by the Kings of Denmark) on November 2, 1842. He received a common school education, and became a butcher by occupation. Petersen came to Wisconsin in 1862, and settled in Appleton, where he was elected to various township offices .

== Public office ==
Petersen was elected to the assembly for 1879 from Outagamie County's 1st Assembly district (The City of Appleton, and the Towns of Buchanan, Center, Freedom, Grand Chute and Kaukauna), receiving 1,096 votes against 1,000 for Republican B. T. Rogers (Rep.), and 423 for incumbent William Smith Warner (who had been elected as an "Independent Democrat" but was now

Question: What is the capital of the county that is adjacent to the county where the headquarters of Miller Electric is located?

Question: Miller Electric >> headquarters location

Answer: Appleton

Question: #1 >> capital of

Answer: Outagamie County

Question: #2 >> shares border with

Answer: Brown County

Question: #3 >> capital

Answer: Green Bay

Answer: Green Bay

What is the seat of the county sharing a border with the county where Miller Electric is headquartered?


Wyndham Hazelton

 West Indians first-innings, this after he took 4 wickets in their first-innings, which gave him his only ten wicket haul in a match. Further first-class appearances came for the Gentleman in 1928, the North, the Minor Counties against the touring South Africans in 1929, and the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1930 against Yorkshire. Overall, Hazelton took 23 first-class wickets at an average of 27.00. He played Minor counties cricket for Buckinghamshire until 1931, having made a total of 68 Minor Counties Championship appearances.
He died at Great Dunmow, Essex, on 13 March 1958.

== References ==

== External links ==
Wyndham Hazelton at ESPNcricinfo
Wyndham Hazelton at CricketArchiveEdward Wyndham Hazelton (8 May 1894 – 13 March 1958) was an English cricketer. Hazelton was a right-handed batsman who bowled both leg break and right-arm medium pace. He was born in Buckingham, Buckinghamshire, and was educated at Wellingborough School.
Hazelton made his debut in county cricket for Buckinghamshire in the 1912 Minor Counties Championship against Berkshire. He played for Buckinghamshire right up to the 1914 season, which was curtailed due to the start of World War I. Following the conclusion of the war, Hazelton appeared in a first-class match for Essex against the Australian Imperial Forces in 1919, though this only appearance for Essex came with no success with either bat or ball. Following this match, Hazelton continued to play Minor counties cricket for Buckinghamshire, he would wait four more years after his lone appearance for Essex for his next first-class appearance, which eventually came in 1924 for the Minor Counties against HDG Leveson-Gower's XI at The Saffrons in Eastbourne. His next first-class match came for the East of England against the touring New Zealanders in 1927, a match in which he took his maiden first-class five wicket haul, with figures of 5/68 in the New Zealanders first-innings.
His next first-class appearance came the following season for the Minor Counties against the touring West Indians, with Hazelton taking career best figures of 6/45 in the West Indians first-innings, this after he took 4 wickets in their first-innings, which gave him his only ten wicket haul in a match. Further first-class appearances came for the Gentleman in 1928, the North, the Minor Counties against the touring South Africans in 1929, and the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1930 against Yorkshire. Overall, Hazelton took 23 first-class wickets at an average of 27.00. He played Minor counties cricket for Buckinghamshire until 1931, having made a total of 68 Minor Counties Championship appearances.
He died at Great Dunmow, Essex, on 13 March 1958.

== References ==

== External links ==
Wyndham Hazelton at ESPNcricinfo
Wyndham Hazelton at CricketArchiveEdward Wyndham Hazelton (8 May 1894 – 13 March 1958) was an English cricketer. Hazelton was a right-handed batsman who bowled both leg break and right-arm medium pace. He was born in Buckingham, Buckinghamshire, and was educated at Wellingborough School.
Hazelton made his debut in county cricket for Buckinghamshire in the 1912 Minor Counties Championship against Berkshire. He played for Buckinghamshire right up to the 1914 season, which was curtailed due to the start of World War I. Following the conclusion of the war, Hazelton appeared in a first-class match for Essex against the Australian Imperial Forces in 1919, though this only appearance for Essex came with no success with either bat or ball. Following this match, Hazelton continued to play Minor counties cricket for Buckinghamshire, he would wait four more years after his lone appearance for Essex for his next first-class appearance, which eventually came in 1924 for the Minor Counties against HDG Leveson-Gower's XI at The Saffrons in Eastbourne. His next first-class match came for the East of England against the touring New Zealanders in 1927, a match in which he took his maiden first-class five wicket haul, with figures of 5/68 in the New Zealanders first-innings.
His next first-class appearance came the following season for the Minor Counties against the touring West Indians, with Hazelton takingHis next first-class appearance came the following season for the Minor Counties against the touring West Indians, with Hazelton taking career best figures of 6/45 in the West Indians first-innings, this after he took 4 wickets in their first-innings, which gave him his only ten wicket haul in a match. Further first-class appearances came for the Gentleman in 1928, the North, the Minor Counties against the touring South Africans in 1929, and the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1930 against Yorkshire. Overall, Hazelton took 23 first-class wickets at an average of 27.00. He played Minor counties cricket for Buckinghamshire until 1931, having made a total of 68 Minor Counties Championship appearances.EdHis next first-class appearance came the following season for the Minor Counties against the touring West Indians, with Hazelton taking career best figures of 6/45 in the West Indians first-innings, this after he took 4 wickets in their first-innings, which gave him his only ten wicket haul in a match. Further first-class appearances came for the Gentleman in 1928, the North, the Minor Counties against the touring South Africans in 1929, and the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1930 against Yorkshire. Overall, Hazelton took 23 first-class wickets at an average of 27.00. He played Minor counties cricket for Buckinghamshire until 1931, having made a total of 68 Minor Counties Championship appearances. bat or ball. Following this match, Hazelton continued to play Minor counties cricket for Buckinghamshire, he would wait four more years after his lone appearance for Essex for his next first-class appearance, which eventually came in 1924 for the Minor Counties against HDG Leveson-Gower's XI

Buckingham

.

== History ==
Buckingham and the surrounding area has been settled for some time with evidence of Roman settlement found in several sites close the River Great Ouse, including a temple south of the A421 at Bourton Grounds which was excavated in the 1960s and dated to theBuckingham and the surrounding area has been settled for some time with evidence of Roman settlement found in several sites close the River Great Ouse, including a temple south of the A421 at Bourton Grounds which was excavated in the 1960s and dated to the 3rd century AD. A possible Roman building was identified at Castle Fields in the 19th century. Pottery, kiln furniture and areas of burning found at Buckingham industrial estate suggest the site of some early Roman pottery kilns here.

Question: What is the name of the water body located near the place where Wyndham Hazelton was born?

Question: Wyndham Hazelton >> place of birth

Answer: Buckingham

Question: Which is the body of water by #1 ?

Answer: River Great Ouse

Answer: River Great Ouse

Which body of water is by Wyndham Hazelton's birthplace?


Presbyterianism

 congregationalist in government. In the 20th century, some Presbyterians played an important role in the ecumenical movement, including the World Council of Churches. Many Presbyterian denominations have found ways of working together with other Reformed denominations and Christians of other traditions, especially in the World Communion of Reformed Churches. Some Presbyterian churches have entered into unions with other churches, such as Congregationalists, Lutherans, Anglicans, and Methodists. Presbyterians in the United States came largely from Scottish, Scots-Irish immigrants, and also from New England communities that had originally been Congregational but changed because of an agreed-upon Plan of Union of 1801 for frontier areas.

== Presbyterian identity ==

=== Early history ===

Presbyterian tradition, particularly that of the Church of Scotland, traces its early roots to the Christian Church founded by Saint Columba, through the 6th century Hiberno-Scottish mission. Tracing their apostolic origin to Saint John, the Culdees practiced Christian monasticism, a key feature of Celtic Christianity in the region, with a presbyter exercising "authority within the institution, while the different monastic institutions were independent of one another." The Church in Scotland kept the Christian feast of Easter at a date different from the See of Rome and its monks used a unique style of tonsure. The Synod of Whitby in 664, however, ended these distinctions as it ruled "that Easter would be celebrated according to the Roman date, not the Celtic date." Although Roman influence came to dominate the Church in Scotland, certain Celtic influences remained in the Scottish Church, such as "the singing of metrical psalms, many of them set to old Celtic Christianity Scottish traditionalPresbyterian denominations that trace their heritage to the British Isles usually organise their church services inspired by the principles in the Directory of Public Worship, developed by the Westminster Assembly in the 1640s. This directory documented Reformed worship practices and theology adopted and developed over the preceding century by British Puritans, initially guided by John Calvin and John Knox. It was enacted as law by the Scottish Parliament, and became one of the foundational documents of Presbyterian church legislation elsewhere. sessions made up of representatives of the congregation (elders), a conciliar approach as with other levels of decision-making (presbytery, synod, and general assembly). There are roughly 75 million Presbyterians in the world.
The roots of Presbyterianism lie in the Reformation of the 16th century, the example of John Calvin's Republic of Geneva being particularly influential. Most Reformed churches that trace their history back to Scotland are either presbyterian or congregationalist in government. In the 20th century, some Presbyterians played an important role in the ecumenical movement, including the World Council of Churches. Many Presbyterian denominations have found ways of working together with other Reformed denominations and Christians of other traditions, especially in the World Communion of Reformed Churches. Some Presbyterian churches have entered into unions with other churches, such as Congregationalists, Lutherans, Anglicans, and Methodists. Presbyterians in the United States came largely from Scottish, Scots-Irish immigrants, and also from New England communities that had originally been Congregational but changed because of an agreed-upon Plan of Union of

Scottish Parliament

ed into the Parliament of Great Britain. In practice, all of the traditions, procedures, and standing orders of the English parliament were retained, with the addition of Scottish members in both the Commons and Lords.
Following a referendum in 1997, in which the Scottish electorate voted for devolution, the powers of the devolved legislature were specified by the Scotland Act 1998. The Act delineates the legislative competence of the Parliament – the areas in which it can make laws – by explicitly specifying powers that are "reserved" to the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The Scottish Parliament has the power to legislate in all areas that are not explicitly reserved to Westminster. The UK Parliament retains the ability to amend the terms of reference of the Scottish Parliament, and can extend or reduce the areas in which it can make laws. The first meeting of the new Parliament took place on 12 May 1999.
The legislative competence of the Scottish Parliament has been amended numerous times since then. The Scotland Act 2012 and Scotland Act 2016 expanded theThe specific devolved matters are all subjects which are not explicitly stated in Schedule 5 to the Scotland Act as reservedSince September 2004, the official home of the Scottish Parliament has been a new Scottish Parliament Building, in the Holyrood area of Edinburgh. The Scottish Parliament building was designed by Spanish architect Enric Miralles in partnership with local Edinburgh Architecture firm RMJM which was led by Design Principal Tony Kettle. Some of the principal features of the complex include leaf-shaped buildings, a grass-roofed branch merging into adjacent parkland and gabion walls formed from the stones of previous buildings. Throughout the building there are many repeated motifs, such as shapes based on Raeburn's Skating Minister. Crow-stepped gables and the upturned boat skylights of the Garden Lobby, complete the unique architecture. Queen Elizabeth II opened the new building on 9 October 2004.encies elected by the plurality (first-past-the-post) system, while a further 56 are returned as list members from eight additional member regions. Each region elects seven party-list MSPs. Each region elects 15 to 17 MSPs in total. The most recent general election to the Parliament was held on 6 May 2021, with the Scottish National Party winning a plurality.
The original Parliament of Scotland was the national legislature of the independent Kingdom of Scotland and existed from the early 13th century until the Kingdom of Scotland merged with the Kingdom of England under the Acts of Union 1707 to form the Kingdom of Great Britain. As a consequence, the Parliament of Scotland ceased to exist, while the Parliament of England, which sat at Westminster, was subsumed into the Parliament of Great Britain. In practice, all of the traditions, procedures, and standing orders of the English parliament were retained, with the addition of Scottish members in both the Commons and Lords.
Following a referendum in 1997, in which the Scottish electorate voted for devolution, the powers of the devolved legislature were specified by the Scotland Act 1998. The Act delineates the legislative competence of the Parliament – the areas in which it can make laws – by explicitly specifying powers that are "reserved" to the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The Scottish Parliament has the power to legislate in all areas that are not explicitly reserved to Westminster. The UK Parliament retains the ability to amend the terms of reference of the Scottish Parliament, and can extend or reduce the areas in which it can make laws. The first meeting of the new Parliament took place on 12 May 1999.
The legislative competence of the Scottish Parliament has been amended numerous times since then. The Scotland Act 2012 and Scotland Act 2016 expanded theThe specific devolved matters are all subjects which are not explicitly stated in Schedule 5 to the Scotland Act as reserved matters. All matters that are not specifically reserved are automatically devolved to the Scottish Parliament. Most importantly, this includes agriculture, fisheries and forestry, economic development, education, environment, food standards, health, home affairs, Scots law – courts, police and fire services, local government, sport and the arts, transport, training, tourism, research and statistics and social work. The Scottish Parliament has the ability to alter income tax in Scotland by up to 3 pence in the pound. The 2012 Act conferred further fiscal devolution including borrowing powers and some other unconnected matters such as setting speed limits and control of air guns.The Scottish Parliament (Scottish Gaelic: Pàrlamaid na h-Alba [��p��a��r��l����əm��t�� nə ��hal����apə]; Scots: Scots Pairlament) is the devolved, unicameral legislature of Scotland. Located in the Holyrood area of the capital city, Edinburgh, it is frequently referred to by the metonym Holyrood. The Parliament is a democratically elected body comprising 129 members known as Members of the Scottish Parliament (MSPs), elected for five-year terms under the regionalised form of additional member system (MMP): 73 MSPs represent individual geographical constituencies elected by the plurality (first-past-the-post) system, while a further 56 are returned as list members from eight additional member regions. Each region elects seven party-list MSPs. Each region elects 15 to 17 MSPs in total. The most recent general election to the Parliament was held on 6 May 2021, with the Scottish National Party winning a plurality.
The original Parliament of Scotland was the national legislature of the independent Kingdom of Scotland and existed from the early 13th century until the Kingdom of Scotland merged with the Kingdom of England under the Acts of Union 1707 to form the Kingdom of Great Britain. As a consequence, the Parliament of Scotland ceased to exist, while the Parliament of England, which sat at Westminster, was subsumed into the Parliament of Great Britain. In practice, all of the traditions, procedures, and standing orders of the English parliament were retained, with the addition of Scottish members in both the Commons and Lords.
Following a referendum in 1997, in which the Scottish electorate voted for devolution, the powers of the devolved legislature were specified by the Scotland Act 1998. The Act delineates the legislative competence of the Parliament – the areas in which it can make laws – by explicitly specifying powers that are "reserved" to the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The Scottish Parliament has the power to legislate

Question: Since 2004, where has the modern counterpart of the parliament that endorsed the Directory of Public Worship been stationed?

Question: Which government enacted the Directory of Public Worship teachings into law?

Answer: Scottish Parliament

Question: Where has the official home of #1 been since 2004?

Answer: Scottish Parliament Building

Answer: Scottish Parliament Building

The Directory of Public Worship was approved by a parliament whose modern equivalent has been based where since 2004?


Chrétien DuBois

 He died sometime after 1641.
Chretien du Bois is of particular interest to American genealogists, both because of the notability of his descendants and because several different versions of noble ancestry have been claimed for him. Further DNA testing of several descendants including Sarah Du Bois Van Meter have tested positive in the nobility lineage.
Several prominent Americans figure among Chretien du Bois' descendants, including former governor of Massachusetts William Floyd Weld, actor Marlon Brando, Jr., [wood family settled in Carolina and finally Tennessee agricultural and industrial monopoly] painter Mary Cassatt, journalist Maria Shriver (wife of California governor Arnold Schwarzenegger), Samuel Walton, General George Smith Patton III and film director George Lucas.  W. E. B. Du Bois is also said to be a descendant.

== References ==

== External links ==
DuBois Family Association
Historic Huguenot StreetChrétien du Bois (1597-1655) was a French official in the Comté (Count) of Coupigny.
He was the father of three Protestant French-speaking immigrants to colonial New York.  One of these, Louis Dubois, was among the founders of New Paltz, New York, in the late 1600s.
Chretien du Bois was the son of Antoine du Bois and Anne Cousin, and was married to Françoise le Poivre.
Chretien du Bois lived in the village of Wicres, outside of Lille. Documents from the Archives Départementales de Lille indicate he was bailli, lieutenant, greffier & receveur of the Comté of Coupigny.  He died sometime after 1641.
Chretien du Bois is of particular interest to American genealogists, both because of the notability of his descendants and because several different versions of noble ancestry have been claimed for him. Further DNA testing of several descendants including Sarah Du Bois Van Meter have tested positive in the nobility lineage.
Several prominent Americans figure among Chretien du Bois' descendants, including former governor of Massachusetts William Floyd Weld, actor Marlon Brando, Jr., [wood family settled in Carolina and finally Tennessee agricultural and industrial monopoly] painter Mary Cassatt, journalist Maria Shriver (wife of California governor Arnold Schwarzenegger), Samuel Walton, General George Smith Patton III and filmSeveral prominent Americans figure among Chretien du Bois' descendants, including former governor of Massachusetts William Floyd Weld, actor Marlon Brando, Jr., painter Mary Cassatt, journalist Maria Shriver (wife of California governor Arnold Schwarzenegger), Samuel Walton, General George Smith Patton III and film director George Lucas. W. E. B. Du Bois is also said to be a descendant. was the son of Antoine du Bois and Anne Cousin, and was married to Françoise le Poivre.
Chretien du Bois lived in the village of Wicres, outside of Lille. Documents from the Archives Départementales de Lille indicate he was bailli, lieutenant, greffier & receveur of the Comté of Coup

The 6th Day

 family man of the future is illegally cloned by accident as part of a vast conspiracy involving a shady billionaire businessman, and is thrust into a struggle to clear his name and protect his family from the conspirators who seek to keep the cloning a secret. The title refers to the Christian Genesis creation narrative, where God created mankind on the sixth day. The film was Terry Crews' acting debut.TheThe 6th Day is a 2000 American science fiction action film directed by Roger Spottiswoode and starring Arnold Schwarzenegger, Tony Goldwyn, Michael Rapaport and Robert Duvall. In the film, a family man of the future is illegally cloned by accident as part of a vast conspiracy involving a shady billionaire businessman, and is thrust into a struggle to clear his name and protect his family from the conspirators who seek to keep the cloning a secret. The title refers to the Christian Genesis creation narrative, where God created mankind on the sixth day. The film was Terry Crews' acting debut. on the sixth day. The film was Terry Crews' acting debut.
Schwarzenegger received a salary of $25 million for his role in the film. The film received mixed reviews and was a box office failure, earning $96 million worldwide on a budget of $82 million.

== Plot ==
In 2015 animal cloning has become routine, following the success of DollyThe 6th Day is a 2000 American science fiction action film directed by Roger Spottiswoode and starring Arnold Schwarzenegger, Tony Goldwyn, Michael Rapaport and Robert Duvall. In the film, a family man of the future is illegally cloned by accident as part of a vast conspiracy involving a shady billionaire businessman, and is thrust into a struggle to clear his name and protect his family from the conspirators who seek to keep the cloning a secret. The title refers to the Christian Genesis creation narrative, where God created mankind on the sixth day. The film was Terry Crews' acting debut.The 6th Day is a 2000 American science fiction action film directed by Roger Spottiswoode and starring Arnold Schwarzenegger, Tony Goldwyn, Michael Rapaport, Michael Rooker, Sarah Wynter, and Robert Duvall. In the film, a family man of the future is illegally cloned by accident as part of a vast conspiracy involving a shady billionaire businessman, and is thrust into a struggle to clear his name and protect his family from the conspirators who seek to keep the cloning a secret. The title refers to the Judeo-Christian-Islamic Genesis creation narrative, where God created mankind on the sixth day. The film was Terry Crews' acting debut.
Schwarzenegger received a salary of $25 million for his role in the film. The film received mixed reviews and was a box office failure, earning $96 million worldwide on a budget of $82 million.

== Plot ==
In 2015 animal cloning has become routine, following the success of Dolly the sheep's cloning, but human cloning is prohibited by so-called "Sixth Day" laws after a failed attempt.
Charter pilot Adam Gibson is hired for a snowboarding excursion by Michael Drucker, billionaire owner of cloning corporation Replacement Technologies, who requires him to undergo a seemingly routine drug test. When Adam’s wife informs him that their daughter’s dog has died, he reluctantly visits one of Drucker’s “RePet” cloning stores, while his partner Hank poses as Adam and flies Drucker to the mountains, where they are killed by an assassin, Tripp.
Buying a life-size animatronic “SimPal” doll for his daughter instead, Adam returns home to discover a clone of himself with his family. Before he can intervene, Adam is abducted by Marshall, Drucker’s head of security, and his agents Talia, Vincent, and Wiley. Adam escapes, killing Talia and Wiley, and goes to the police but is believed

Question: Who is the main actor of the movie The 6th Day married to?

Question: Who featured in the film The 6th Day?

Answer: Arnold Schwarzenegger

Question: #1 >> spouse

Answer: Maria Shriver

Answer: Maria Shriver

Who is the spouse of the leading actor in the film The 6th Day?


Mater et magistra

 synthetic materials, increased automation, modern agriculture, new means of communication (radio and television), faster transportation, the beginnings of space travel
new social systems such as social security, improved basic education, breaking down of class barriers, and greater awareness of public affairs by the average person
lack of economic balance between agriculture and industry, and among different countries
in the political sphere, the breakdown of colonialism, independence for many states in Asia and Africa, and an increasing network of international organizations.
The Second Vatican Council opened a little more than a year after Mater et magistra was promulgated.

== Review of previous teaching ==
Mater et magistra begins by praising three earlier papal documents on social topics and summarizing their key points.
Rerum novMater et magistra is the encyclical written by Pope John XXIII on the topic of "Christianity and Social Progress". It was promulgated on 15 May 1961. The title means "mother and teacher", referring to the role of the church. It describes a necessity to work towards authentic community in order to promote human dignity. It taught that the state must sometimes intervene in matters of health care, education, and housing. housing.

== Context ==
Mater et magistra was written in observance of the 70th anniversary of Pope Leo XIII's social encyclical Rerum novarum. It also refers to the social teaching of Pope Pius XI in Quadragesimo anno, and of Pope Pius XII in a radio broadcast given 1 June 1941.
The document mentions the following changes in the world since then:

scientific advances including atomic energy, synthetic materials, increased automation, modern agriculture, new means of communication (radio and television), faster transportation, the beginnings of space travel
new social systems such as social security, improved basic education, breaking down of class barriers,

Canonization of Pope John XXIII and Pope John Paul II

ope John XXIII (25 November 1881 – 3 June 1963)  and Pope John Paul II (18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005) reigned as popes of the Roman Catholic Church and the sovereigns of Vatican City (respectively from 1958 to 1963 and 1978 to 2005). Their canonizations were held on 27 April 2014. The decision to canonize was made official by Pope Francis on 5 July 2013 following the recognition of a miracle attributed to the intercession of John Paul II, while John XXIII was canonized for his merits of opening the SecondPope John XXIII (25 November 1881 – 3 June 1963) and Pope John Paul II (18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005) reigned as popes of the Roman Catholic Church and the sovereigns of Vatican City (respectively from 1958 to 1963 and 1978 to 2005). Their canonizations were held on 27 April 2014. The decision to canonize was made official by Pope Francis on 5 July 2013 following the recognition of a miracle attributed to the intercession of John Paul II, while John XXIII was canonized for his merits of opening the Second Vatican Council. The date of the canonization was assigned on 30 September 2013.Pope John XXIII (25 November 1881 – 3 June 1963) and Pope John Paul II (18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005) reigned as popes of the Roman Catholic Church and the sovereigns of Vatican City (respectively from 1958 to 1963 and 1978 to 2005). Their canonizations were held on 27 April 2014. The decision to canonize was made official by Pope Francis on 5 July 2013 following the recognition of a miracle attributed to the intercession of John Paul II, while John XXIII was canonized for his merits of opening the Second Vatican Council. The date of the canonization was assigned on 30 September 2013.Pope John XXIII (25 November 1881 – 3 June 1963)  and Pope John Paul II (18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005) reigned as popes of the Roman Catholic Church and the sovereigns of Vatican City (respectively from 1958 to 1963 and 1978 to 2005). Their canonizations were held on 27 April 2014. The decision to canonize was made official by Pope Francis on 5 July 2013 following the recognition of a miracle attributed to the intercession of John Paul II, while John XXIII was canonized for his merits of opening the Second Vatican Council. The date of the canonization was assigned on 30 September 2013

Vatican City

 1:1 aspect ratio, along with the flag of Switzerland.

== Description ==
The 2023 Fundamental Law of Vatican City State states: "The flag of the Vatican City State is made up of two vertically divided sides, one yellow adhering to the hoist and the other white, and in the latter carries the tiara with the keys, all according to the model on Annex A of this Law".

== Regulations ==

=== Current regulations ===
The flag is described in Article 23 of the 2023 Fundamental Law of Vatican City State, with a visual model appended as Attachment A.

=== Previous regulations ===
The flag is described in Article 19 of the 1929 Fundamental Law of Vatican City State, with a visual model appended as Attachment A.
The flag is also described in Article 20 of the 2000 Fundamental Law of Vatican City State, with a visual model appended as Attachment A. The 2000 Fundamental Law of Vatican City State's Attachment A, shows a square flag.
In 2010, the Apostolic Nunciature to Germany stated that the flag does not have to be square.

== History ==

Before 1808, the Papal States commonly used a bicolor, yellow-red flag, which was derived from the colours of the Holy See's coat of arms, as well as being the two tradional colours of the Senate and the Roman people. In 1798, Napoleon established the Roman Republic, which introduced a black, white, and red flag; after the PapThe name Vatican city was first used in the Lateran Treaty, signed on 11 February 1929, which established the modern city - state. The name is taken from Vatican Hill, the geographic location of the state. ``Vatican ''is derived from the name of an Etruscan settlement, Vatica or Vaticum meaning garden, located in the general area the Romans called vaticanus ager,`` Vatican territory''. at Catholic churches.
The flag is a vertical bicolour of yellow and white, with the white half charged with the coat of arms of Vatican City (a papal tiara and the crossed keys of Saint Peter). It was modeled after the 1808 flag of the Papal States, a yellow-and-white bicolour defaced with the tiara and keys in the centre. It is one of only two national flags that use a 1:1 aspect ratio, along with the flag of Switzerland.

== Description ==
The 2023 Fundamental Law of Vatican City State states: "The flag of the Vatican City State is made up of two vertically divided sides, one yellow adhering to the hoist and the other white, and in the latter carries the tiara with the keys, all according to the model on Annex A of this Law".

== Regulations ==

=== Current regulations ===
The flag is described in Article 23 of the 2023 Fundamental Law of Vatican City State, with a visual model appended as Attachment A.

=== Previous regulations ===
The flag is described in Article 19 of the 1929 Fundamental Law of Vatican City State, with a visual model appended as Attachment A.
The flag is also described in Article 20 of the 2000 Fundamental Law of Vatican City State, with a visual model appended as Attachment A. The 2000 Fundamental Law of Vatican City State's Attachment A, shows a square flag.
In 2010, the Apostolic Nunciature to Germany stated that the flag does not have to be square.

== History ==

Before 1808, the Papal States commonly used a bicolor, yellow-red flag, which was derived from the colours of the Holy See's coat of arms, as well as being the two tradional colours of the Senate and the Roman people. In 1798, Napoleon established the Roman Republic, which introduced a black, white, and red flag; after the Papal rule was restored, Pope Pius VII restored the Papal cockade, which was described as red and yellow.
In 1808, Pope Pius VII ordered the Vatican's Noble Guard and other troops to replace red color with white, in order to distinguish them from the troops that had been incorporated into Napoleon's army.
In 1803, the Papal States started using a white merchant flag with the Papal coat of arms in the centre. This flag was made official on 7 June 1815. On 17 September 1825, it was replaced with a yellow and white flag which took its colours from the materials of the two keys (yellow for gold, white for silver). These colors were probably taken from the 1808 flag of the Palatine guard. This was the first bicolour used by the Papal States and the ancestor of the modern flag of Vatican City. The merchant flag also served as a state flag on land.
Starting in 1831, the papal infantry flew square yellow and white flags. At first, they were diagonally divided, but after 1849 they were vertically divided like the merchant flag. The last infantry colour, adopted in 1862, was a plain square white and yellow flag.
On 8 February 1849, while Pope Pius IX was in exile in Gaeta, a Roman Republic was declared. The new government's flag was the Italian tricolor with the motto "Dio e Popolo" on the central stripe. The papal government and its flags were restored on 2 July 1849. On 20 September 1870, the Papal States were conquered by Italy.
After the Lateran Treaty was signed in 1929, papal authorities decided to use the 1825–1870 merchant flag as the state flag of the soon to be independent Vatican City state. The treaty came into effect on 7 June

Question: When was the country where the author of Mater et Magistra passed away established as an independent nation?

Question: Mater et Magistra >> author

Answer: John XXIII

Question: #1 >> place of death

Answer: Vatican City

Question: when did #2 become its own country

Answer: 11 February 1929

Answer: 11 February 1929

When did the place where Mater et Magistra's author died become its own country?


Communications of the ACM

Communications of the ACM is the monthly journal of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). It was established in 1958, with Saul Rosen as its first managing editor. It is sent to all ACM members.Articles are intended for readers with backgrounds in all areas of computer science and information systems. The focus is on the practical implications of advances in information technology and associated management issues; ACM also publishes a variety of more theoretical journals. The magazine straddles the boundary of

Michael Schroeder

 1945 in RichIn 2006 ACM SIGSAC presented him with the Outstanding Innovations Award "for technical contributions to the field of computer and communication security that have had lasting impact in furthering or understanding the theory and/or development of commercial systems."In 2006 ACM SIGSAC presented him with the Outstanding Innovations Award "for technical contributions to the field of computer and communication security that have had lasting impact in furthering or understanding the theory and/or development of commercial systems."Schroeder protocol. In 2001 he co-founded the Microsoft Research Silicon Valley lab and was the assistant managing director until the lab was disbanded in 2014.

== Early life and career ==
Schroeder was born in 1945 in RichIn 2006 ACM SIGSAC presented him with the Outstanding Innovations Award "for technical contributions to the field of computer and communication security that have had lasting impact in furthering or understanding the theory and/or development of commercial systems."Michael Schroeder (born 1945) is an American computer scientist. His areas of research include computer security, distributed systems, and operating systems, and he is perhaps best known as the co-inventor of the Needham–Schroeder protocol. In 2001 he co-founded the Microsoft Research Silicon Valley lab and was the assistant managing director until the lab was disbanded in 2014.

== Early life and career ==
Schroeder was born in 1945 in Richland, Washington. He did his undergraduate work at Washington State University and went to graduate school at MIT, obtaining his PhD in 1972.
Starting in 1976 he has been on the MIT EECS department faculty, at Xerox PARC, and at the DEC Systems Research Center. At MIT he was involved with Multics, where his contributions included a seminal work on security architecture for shared information systems.
In 1977 Schroeder and Roger Needham designed a new (unclassified) computer network protocol for distributed authentication server using a Key Distribution Center (KDC).
This idea eventually led to the Kerberos authentication scheme used by MIT's Project Athena.

He has also built Grapevine (a distributed system), the filesystem of Cedar, Topaz (a distributed OS), Autonet (a LAN), and Pachyderm (a web-based email system).

== Awards ==
In 2004, he was inducted as a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery.
In 2006, ACM SIGSAC presented him with the Outstanding Innovations Award "for technical contributions to the field of computer and communication security that have had lasting impact in furthering or understanding the theory and/or development of commercial systems."
In 2007, NIST/NSA gave him the National Computer Systems Security Award. In 2008, ACM SIGOPS chose the paper Grapevine: An Exercise in Distributed Computing, which he coauthored, for a Hall of Fame Award "that recognizes the most influential operating systems papers in the peer-reviewed literature at least ten year old."

== Gilbert Munger ==
He is a leading expert on the American landscape painter Gilbert Munger (1837–1903), for whom he authors a web-based catalogue raisonné and archive of period documents. With J. Gray Sweeney of Arizona State University he wrote the book Gilbert Munger: Quest for Distinction (Afton Historical Society Press, 2003).

== References ==

== External links ==
Michael D. Schroeder web page
The Gilbert Munger Web SiteMichael Schroeder (born 1945) is an American computer scientist. His areas of research include computer security, distributed systems, and operating systems, and he is perhaps best known as the co-inventor of the Needham–Schroeder protocol. In 2001 he co-founded the Microsoft Research Silicon Valley lab and was the assistant managing director until the lab was disbanded in 2014.

== Early life and career ==
Schroeder was born in 1945 in Richland, Washington. He did his undergraduate work at Washington State University and went to graduate school at MIT, obtaining his PhD in 1972.
Starting in 1976 he has been on the MIT EECS department faculty, at Xerox PARC, and at the DEC Systems Research Center. At MIT he was involved with Multics, where his contributions included a seminal work on security architecture for shared information systems.
In 1977 Schroeder and Roger Needham designed a new (unclassified) computer network protocol for distributed authentication server using a Key Distribution Center (KDC).
This idea eventually led to the Kerberos authentication scheme used by MIT's Project Athena.

He has also built Grapevine (a distributed system), the filesystem of Cedar, Topaz (a distributed OS), Autonet (a LAN), and Pachyderm (a web-based email system).

== Awards ==
In 2004, he was inducted as a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery.
In 2006, ACM SIGSAC presented him with the Outstanding Innovations Award "for technical contributions to the field of computer and communication security that have had lasting impact in furthering or understanding the theory and/or development of commercial systems."
In 2007, NIST/NSA gave him the National Computer Systems Security Award. In 2008, ACM SIGOPS chose the paper Grapevine: An Exercise in Distributed Computing, which he coauthored, for a Hall of Fame Award "that recognizes the most influential operating systems papers in the peer-reviewed literature at least ten year old."

== Gilbert Munger ==
He is a leading expert on the American landscape painter Gilbert Munger (1837–1903), for whom he authors a web-based catalogue raisonné and archive of period documents. With J. Gray Sweeney of Arizona State University he wrote the book Gilbert Munger: Quest for Distinction (Afton Historical Society

Question: Who is the publisher for the agency's communications, of which Michael Schroeder is a member?

Question: Michael Schroeder >> member of

Answer: ACM

Question: Who published Communications of the #1 ?

Answer: Association for Computing Machinery

Answer: Association for Computing Machinery

Who published Communications of the agency that Michael Schroeder is a member of ?


1967 Federation Cup (tennis)

mark vs. West Germany

Norway vs. South Africa

Rhodesia vs. United States

=== Quarterfinals ===
Australia vs. France

Great Britain vs. Italy

Canada vs. West Germany

South Africa vs. United States

=== Semifinals ===
Australia vs. Great Britain

West Germany vs. United States

=== Final ===
Great Britain vs. United States

== References ==The 1967 Federation Cup was the fifth edition of what is now known as the Fed Cup. 17 nations participated in the tournament, which was held at the Blau-Weiss Tennis Club in West Berlin from 6–11 June. United States defended their titleThe 1967 Federation Cup was the fifth edition of what is now known as the Fed Cup. 17 nations participated in the tournament, which was held at the Blau-Weiss Tennis Club in West Berlin from 6–11 June. United States defended their title, defeating Great Britain in the final.TheThe 1967 Federation Cup was the fifth edition of what is now known as the Fed Cup. 17 nations participated in the tournament, which was held at the Blau-Weiss Tennis Club in West Berlin from 6–11 June. United States defended their title, defeating Great Britain in the final.== Participating teams ==

== Draw ==
All ties were played at the Blau-Weiss Tennis Club in West Berlin on clay courts.

=== First round ===
Italy vs. Belgium

=== Second round ===
Great Britain vs. Sweden

Netherlands vs. Italy

Switzerland vs. Canada

Denmark vs. West Germany

Norway vs. South Africa

Rhodesia vs. United States

=== Quarterfinals ===
Australia vs. France

Great Britain vs. Italy

Canada vs. West Germany

South Africa vs. United States

=== Semifinals ===
Australia vs. Great Britain

West Germany vs. United States

=== Final ===
Great Britain vs. United States

== References ==The 1967 Federation Cup was the fifth edition of what is now known as the Fed Cup. 17 nations participated in the tournament, which was held at the Blau-Weiss Tennis Club in West Berlin from 6–11 June. United States defended their titleThe 1967 Federation Cup was the fifth edition of what is now known as the Fed Cup. 17 nations participated in the tournament, which was held at the Blau-Weiss Tennis Club in West Berlin from 6–11 June. United States defended their title, defeating Great Britain in the final.The 1967 Federation Cup was the fifth edition of what is now known as the Fed Cup. 17 nations participated in the tournament, which was held at the Blau-Weiss Tennis Club in West Berlin from 6–11 June. United States defended their title, defeating Great Britain in the final.

== Participating teams ==

== Draw ==
All ties were played at the Blau-Weiss Tennis Club in West Berlin on clay courts.

=== First round ===
Italy vs. Belgium

=== Second round ===
Great Britain vs. Sweden

Netherlands vs. Italy

Switzerland vs. Canada

Denmark vs. West Germany

Norway vs. South Africa

Rhodesia vs. United States

=== Quarterfinals ===
Australia vs. France

Great Britain vs. Italy

Canada vs. West Germany

South Africa vs. United States

=== Semifinals ===
Australia vs. Great Britain

West Germany vs. United States

=== Final ===
Great Britain vs. United States

== References ==The 1967 Federation Cup was the fifth edition of what is now known as the Fed Cup. 17 nations participated in the tournament, which was held at the Blau-Weiss Tennis Club in West Berlin from 6–11 June. United States defended their title, defeating Great Britain in the final.

== Participating teams ==

== Draw ==
All ties were played at the Blau-Weiss Tennis Club in West Berlin on clay courts.

=== First round ===
Italy vs. Belgium

=== Second round ===
Great Britain vs. Sweden

Netherlands vs. Italy

Switzerland vs. Canada

Denmark vs. West Germany

Norway vs. South Africa

Rhodesia vs. United States

=== Quarterfinals ===
Australia vs. France

Great Britain vs. Italy

Canada vs. West Germany

South Africa vs. United States

=== Semifinals ===
Australia vs. Great Britain

West Germany vs. United States

=== Final ===
Great Britain vs. United States

== References ==The 1967 Federation Cup was the fifth edition of what is now known as the Fed Cup. 17 nations participated in the tournament, which was held at the Blau-Weiss Tennis Club in West Berlin from 6–11 June. United States defended their title, defeating Great Britain in the final.

== Participating teams ==

== Draw ==
All ties were played at the Blau-Weiss Tennis Club in West Berlin on clay courts.

=== First round ===
Italy vs. Belgium

=== Second round ===
Great Britain vs. Sweden

Netherlands vs. Italy

Switzerland vs. Canada

Denmark vs. West Germany

Norway vs. South Africa

Rhodesia vs. United States

=== Quarterfinals ===
Australia vs. France

Great Britain vs. Italy

Canada vs. West Germany

South Africa vs. United States

=== Semifinals ===
Australia vs. Great Britain

West Germany vs. United States

=== Final ===
Great Britain vs. United States

== References ==The 1967 Federation Cup was the fifth edition of what is now known as the Fed Cup. 17 nations participated in the tournament, which was held at the Blau-Weiss Tennis Club in West Berlin from 6–11 June. United States defended their title, defeating Great Britain in the final.

== Participating teams ==

== Draw ==
All ties were played at the Blau-Weiss Tennis Club in West Berlin on clay courts.

=== First round ===
Italy vs. Belgium

=== Second round ===
Great Britain vs. Sweden

Netherlands vs. Italy

Switzerland vs. Canada

Denmark vs. West Germany

Norway vs. South Africa

Rhodesia vs. United States

=== Quarterfinals ===
Australia vs. France

Great Britain vs. Italy

Canada vs. West Germany

South Africa vs. United States

=== Semifinals ===
Australia vs. Great Britain

West Germany vs. United States

=== Final ===
Great Britain vs. United States

== References ==The 1967 Federation Cup was the fifth edition of what is now known as the Fed Cup. 17 nations participated in the tournament, which was held at the Blau-Weiss Tennis Club in West Berlin from 6–11 June. United States defended their title, defeating Great Britain in the final.

== Participating teams ==

== Draw ==
All ties were played at the Blau-Weiss Tennis Club in West Berlin on

Fed Cup

, Canada, Australia, Russia and the United States are the only countries to have held both Cups at the same time.

== History ==

In 1919, Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman had an idea for a women's team tennis competition. This was notFed Cup is the premier international team competition in women's tennis, launched in 1963 to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the International Tennis Federation (ITF). The competition was known as the Federation Cup until 1995. The Fed Cup is the world's largest annual women's international team sports competition in terms of the number of nations that compete. The current Fed Cup Chairperson is Katrina Adams.The Billie Jean King Cup (or the BJK Cup) is the premier international team competition in women's tennis, launched as the Federation Cup in 1963 to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the International Tennis Federation (ITF). The name was changed to the Fed Cup in 1995, and changed again in September 2020 in honor of former World No. 1 Billie Jean King. The Billie Jean King Cup is the world's largest annual women's international team sports competition in terms of the number of nations that compete. The current chairperson is Katrina Adams.
The Czech Republic dominated the BJK Cup in the 2010s, winning six of ten competitions in the decade. The men's equivalent of the Billie Jean King Cup is the Davis Cup, and the Czech Republic, Canada, Australia, Russia and the United States are the only countries to have held both Cups at the same time.

== History ==

In 1919, Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman had an idea for a women's team tennis competition. This was not adopted but she persisted, presenting a trophy at the 1923 annual contest between the United States and Great Britain, named the Wightman Cup.
Nell Hopman, wife of the legendary Australian Davis Cup Captain Harry Hopman, later took up Mrs Wightman's original idea. In 1962, a British resident of the United States, Mary Hardwick Hare, presented a dossier proving that support for such an event was overwhelming, persuading the ITF that it was a 'good idea' to have a team championship played over one week in a different venue each year. 40 years after Wightman's idea of a women's Davis Cup, it became a reality. In 1963, the ITF launched the Federation Cup to celebrate its 50th anniversary. Open to all nations the competition became a resounding success.
The inaugural event attracted 16 countries. The competition was supported by the top players right from the start. Held at the Queen's Club, in London, the first contest was between Australia and the United States.  Grand Slam champions Darlene Hard, Billie Jean King, Margaret Smith and Lesley Turner all proudly representing their country on court. The United States would emerge the champion nation in the opening year. However, it was to be Australia in the early years, winning seven of the next eleven championships. Around 1980 the United States was able to establish some significant mark on the competition setting in future years a very high standard for others to compete against.

The first Federation Cup had attracted 16 entry teams, despite no prize money and teams having to meet their own expenses. When sponsorship became available, the number of teams expanded dramatically, first by the Colgate Group in 1976, and, from 1981 to 1994 by the Japanese communications and computer giant NEC. In 1994, there were 73 nations competing, with the host nation of a Federation Cup week was now being required to build a special tennis complex, giving rise to what became known as the Federation Cup "legacy." The additional costs of each event could be offset with the host nations viewing their involvement as providing an opportunity to boost their national game.
For the 1992, a regional group qualifying format was introduced. In 1995, the event's name was shortened to the Fed Cup, and a new home-and-away format was adopted as per the Davis Cup, so that women could play for their country in their own country. There have been a number of smaller changes to the format since 1995. The format change implemented in 2005 incorporates an eight Nation World Group I and eight nation World Group II both playing home-and-away over three weekends throughout the year. Three regional groups compete and there are promotions and relegations based on results.
The 2021 edition is set to have US$12 million in prize money.

== Format ==

=== Competition ===
While many nations enter the BJK Cup each year, only 16 countries qualify for the elite World Group and World Group II each year (eight in World Group and eight in World Group II).
They reach World Group and World Group II as follows:

(a) World Group – the four nations that win their World Group first round tie remain in the World Group for the following year. First round losers contest the World Group play-offs against the four winning nations from World Group II to determine relegation/promotion for the following year's competition. (The four nations that win World Group play-offs will be in the World Group the following year, while the four losers will start the following year in World Group II.)
(b) World Group II – the four nations that win their World Group II ties will compete in the World Group I Play-Offs to determine relegation/promotion for the following year, as described above. Similarly the four nations that lose their World Group II ties will face winning nations from Group I Zonal competitions, in the World Group II play-offs, to determine relegation/promotion. (The four nations that win their World Group II play-offs will be in World Group II the following year, while the four losers will begin the next yearFed Cup is the premier international team competition in women's tennis, launched in 1963 to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the International Tennis Federation (ITF). The competition was known as the Federation Cup until 1995. The Fed Cup is the world's largest annual women's international team sports competition in terms of the number of nations that compete. The current Fed Cup Chairperson is Katrina Adams. King. The Billie Jean King Cup is the world's largest annual women's international team sports competition in terms of the number of nations that compete. The current chairperson is Katrina Adams.
The Czech Republic dominated the BJK Cup in the 2010s, winning six

Question: What is the name of the organization after which the tournament, exemplified by the 1967 Federation Cup, is named?

Question: 1967 Federation Cup >> instance of

Answer: Fed Cup

Question: What is #1 named after?

Answer: International Tennis Federation

Answer: International Tennis Federation

The 1967 Federation Cup is an instance of this tournament which is named after what organization?


GM-AvtoVAZ

 out in the 1990s and replaced by Lada for the Russian market. From December 2019 to August 2020, AvtoVAZ sold Niva cars with Chevrolet branding.
AvtoVAZ was established in 1966 by the Soviet government as a state-run car manufacturer. It was privatized in the 1990s and was a subsidiary of Renault from October 2016 to May 2022. In May 2022, it was re-acquired by the Russian government. The company is indirectly owned by Russian state enterprises through Lada Auto Holding.

== History ==

=== Establishment ===
The VAZ plant was established in 1966 by the Soviet government in cooperation with the Italian car manufacturer Fiat. Viktor Nikolaevich Polyakov (later Minister of Automobile Industry) was named as director, and Vladimir Solovyov as chief designer. The plant  intended to produce popular economy cars that would meet the growing demand for personal transport. It was built on the banks of the Volga in 1966. A new town, Tolyatti, named after  Italian Communist Party leader Palmiro Togliatti, was built around the plant The cost of the VAZ plant was estimated at $800 million in 1970 (equivalent to $4.8 billion in 2023).
The cars to be produced (designated as "Zhiguli") was envisaged as a "people's car" like the Citroën 2CV or the VW Type 1. Production was intended toGM-AvtoVAZ is a joint venture in Russia between General Motors and AvtoVAZ set up in 2001 and began producing the Chevrolet Niva, based on the Lada Niva, at its factory in Tolyatti from 2002. Though both companies have an equal share of ownership, the venture is managed exclusively by General Motors.AvGM-AvtoVAZ is a joint venture in Russia between General Motors and AvtoVAZ set up in 2001 and began producing the Chevrolet Niva, based on the Lada Niva, at its factory in Tolyatti from 2002. Though both companies have an equal share of ownership, the venture is managed exclusively by General Motors.оби́льный заво́д, romanized: Vólzhskiy avtomobíl'nyy zavód). AvtoVAZ is best known for its flagship series of Lada vehicles. In the Soviet Union, its

Tolyatti

Tolyatti or Togliatti (Russian: Тольятти, IPA: [t��l����jæt��(��)��]), known before 1964 as Stavropol, is a city in Samara Oblast, RussiaThe construction of the Kuybyshev Dam and Hydroelectric Station on the Volga River in the 1950s created the Kuybyshev Reservoir, which covered the existing location of the city, and it was completely rebuilt on a new site. In 1964, the city was renamed Tolyatti (after Palmiro Togliatti, the longest-serving secretary of the Italian Communist Party).The construction of the Kuybyshev Dam and Hydroelectric Station on the Volga River in the 1950s created the Kuybyshev Reservoir, which covered the existing location of the city, and it was completely rebuilt on a new site. In 1964, the city was renamed Tolyatti (after Palmiro Togliatti, the longest-serving secretary of the Italian Communist Party).Tolyatti or Togliatti (Russian: Тольятти, IPA: [t��l����jæt��(��)��]), known before 1964 as Stavropol, is a city in Samara Oblast, Russia. It is the largest city in Russia which is neither the administrative center of a federal subject, nor the largest city of a subject. Population: 684,709��(2021 Census); 719,632��(2010 Russian census); 702,879��(2002 Census); 630,543��(1989 Soviet census).The city is best known as the home of Russia's largest car manufacturer AvtoVAZ (Lada). For this reason, Tolyatti is often dubbed "Russia's motor city" or "Russia's Motown" (in reference to Detroit in the United States—the spiritual home of the American automotive industry). It was renamed after Italian communist politician Palmiro Togliatti in 1964.

== History ==
Stavropol was founded as a fortress in 1737 by the Russian statesman Vasily Tatishchev. It was often imformally referred to as Stavropol-on-Volga to distinguish it from Stavropol, a larger city in southwest Russia, although Stavropol-on-Volga was never its official name.
The construction of the Kuybyshev Dam and Hydroelectric Station on the Volga River in the 1950s created the Kuybyshev Reservoir, which flooded the existing location of the city, and it was completely rebuilt on a new site.
In 1964, the city was chosen as the location of the new VAZ automobile plant: a joint venture between Fiat and the Soviet government. It was then renamed Tolyatti after Palmiro Togliatti, the longest-serving secretary of the Italian Communist Party, who had been instrumental in setting up the venture with Fiat. Much of the modern city was constructed in the 1960s to house the workers of the factory, and today AvtoVAZ dominates the economy of the city.

== Administrative and municipal status ==

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Tolyatti serves as the administrative center of Stavropolsky District, even though it is not a part of it. As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the city of oblast significance of Tolyatti—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the city of oblast significance of Tolyatti is incorporated as Tolyatti Urban Okrug.

=== City divisions ===
For the administrative purposes, the city is divided into three districts:

Avtozavodsky (Автозаво́дский), also called Novy Gorod (literally New City), is the most modern; it was designed to host the workers of the city's AvtoVAZ factory, home of the Lada car;
Tsentralny (Центра́льный), also called Stary Gorod (lit. Old City), home of the city government and industrial center;
Komsomolsky (Комсомо́льский), the oldest district, built to house Hydroelectrical Plant builders.

== Economy ==

The city's main claim to fame has been automobiles Lada (Zhiguli) manufactured by AvtoVAZ car plant employing some 110,000 people: in cooperation with Italy's Fiat since 1970, with General Motors since 200

Question: The city where AvtoVAZ's main office is situated, who is it named in honor of?

Question: AvtoVAZ >> headquarters location

Answer: Tolyatti

Question: Whom is #1 named after?

Answer: Palmiro Togliatti

Answer: Palmiro Togliatti

Who is the city that AvtoVAZ's headquarters is located in named after?