Automotive industry

87 persons. After 1945, the U.S. produced around three-quarters of the world's auto production. In 1980, the U.S. was overtaken by Japan and then became a world leader again in 1994. Japan narrowly passed the U.S. in production during 2006 and 2007, and in 2008 also China, which in 2009 took the top spot (from Japan) with 13.8 million units, although the U.S. surpassed Japan in 2011, to become the second-largest automobile industry. In 2023, China had for the first time in history more than 30 million produced vehicles a year, after reaching 29 million for the first time in 2017 and 28 million the year beforeRank Group Country Vehicles Toyota Japan 10,213,486 Volkswagen Group Germany 10,126,281 Hyundai South Korea 7,889,538 General Motors United States 7,793,066 5 Ford United States 6,429,485 6 Nissan Japan 5,556,241 7 Honda Japan 4,999,266 8 Fiat Chrysler Automobiles Italy / United States 4,681,457 9 Renault France 3,373,278 10 PSA France 3,152,787 11 Suzuki Japan 2,945,295 12 SAIC ChinaRank Group Country Vehicles Toyota Japan 10,213,486 Volkswagen Group Germany 10,126,281 Hyundai South Korea 7,889,538 General Motors United States 7,793,066 5 Ford United States 6,429,485 6 Nissan Japan 5,556,241 7 Honda Japan 4,999,266 8 Fiat Chrysler Automobiles Italy / United States 4,681,457 9 Renault France 3,373,278 10 PSA France 3,152,787 11 Suzuki Japan 2,945,295 12 SAIC China 2,566,793 13 Daimler Germany 2,526,450 14 BMW Germany 2,359,756 15 Changan China 1,715,871

1973 oil crisis

Some buyers lamented the small size of the first Japanese compacts, and both Toyota and Nissan (then known as Datsun) introduced larger cars such as the Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota Cressida, the Mazda 616 and Datsun 810, which added passenger space and amenities such as air conditioning, power steering, AM-FM radios, and even power windows and central locking without increasing the price of the vehicle. A decade after the 1973 oil crisis, Honda, Toyota and Nissan, affected by the 1981 voluntary export restraints, opened US assembly plants and established their luxury divisions (Acura, Lexus and Infiniti, respectively) to distinguish themselves from their mass-market brands. lifted the embargo, but the price of oil had risen by nearly 300%: from US$3 per barrel ($19/m3) to nearly US$12 per barrel ($75/m3) globally. Prices in the United States were significantly higher than the global average. After it was implemented, the embargo caused an oil crisis, or "shock", with many short- and long-term effects on the global economy as well as on global politics. The 1973 embargo later came to be referred to as the "first oil shock" vis-à-vis the "second oil shock" that was the 1979 oil crisis, brought upon by the Iranian Revolution.

== Background ==

=== Arab-Israeli conflictSome buyers lamented the small size of the first Japanese compacts, and both Toyota and Nissan (then known as Datsun) introduced larger cars such as the Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota Cressida, the Mazda 616 and Datsun 810, which added passenger space and amenities such as air conditioning, power steering, AM-FM radios, and even power windows and central locking without increasing the price of the vehicle. A decade after the 1973 oil crisis, Honda, Toyota and Nissan, affected by the 1981 voluntary export restraints, opened US assembly plants and established their luxury divisions (Acura, Lexus and Infiniti, respectively) to distinguish themselves from their mass-market brands.In October 1973, the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC) announced that it was implementing a total oil embargo against the countries who had supported Israel at any point during the 1973 Yom Kippur War, which began after Egypt and Syria launched a large-scale surprise attack in an ultimately

Lexus RX

facelift was designed through late 2010 and patented on 7 January 2011 under design registration number 001845801 - 0004. The facelift was unveiled at the March 2012 Geneva Motor Show with new wheels, interior colors, new head and tail lamps and new grilles. New LED running lights were introduced as well. The F Sport was introduced, with a honeycomb grille, 8 - speed automatic transmission, and a unique sporty interior. In the US, the new model uses the Lexus Enform telematics system, which includes the Safety Connect SOS system and Shazam tagging. Sales began worldwide in April 2012 for the RX 350 and RX 450h, with sales for the F - Sport variants starting in July of the same year.A facelift was designed through late 2010 and patented on 7 January 2011 under design registration number 001845801 - 0004. The facelift was unveiled at the March 2012 Geneva Motor Show with new wheels, interior colors, new head and tail lamps and new grilles. New LED running lights were introduced as well. The F Sport was introduced, with a honeycomb grille, 8 - speed automatic transmission, and a unique sporty interior. In the US, the new model uses the Lexus Enform telematics system, which includes the Safety Connect SOS system and Shazam tagging. Sales began worldwide in April 2012 for the RX 350 and RX 450h, with sales for the F - Sport variants starting in July of the same year.A facelift was designed through late 2010 and patented on 7 January 2011 under design registration number 001A facelift was designed through late 2010 and patented on 7 January 2011 under design registration number 001845801 - 0004. The facelift was unveiled at the March 2012 Geneva Motor Show with new wheels, interior colors, new head and tail lamps and new grilles. New LED running lights were introduced as well. The F Sport was introduced, with a honeycomb grille, 8 - speed automatic transmission, and a unique sporty interior. In the US, the new model uses the Lexus Enform telematics system, which includes the Safety Connect SOS system and Shazam tagging. Sales began worldwide in April 2012 for the RX 350 and RX 450h, with sales for the F - Sport variants starting in July of the same year.A facelift was designed through late 2010 and patented on 7 January 2011 under design registration number 001845801 - 0004. The facelift was unveiled at the March 2012 Geneva Motor Show with new wheels, interior colors, new head and tail lamps and new grilles. New LED running lights were introduced as well. The F Sport was introduced, with a honeycomb grille, 8 - speed automatic transmission, and a unique sporty interior. In the US, the new model uses the Lexus Enform telematics system, which includes the Safety Connect SOS system and Shazam tagging. Sales began worldwide in April 2012 for the RX 350 and RX 450h, with sales for the F - Sport variants starting in July of the same year.A facelift was designed through late 2010 and patented on 7 January 2011 under design registration number 001845801 - 0004. The facelift was unveiled at the March 2012 Geneva Motor Show with new wheels, interior colors, new head and tail lamps and new grilles. New LED running lights were introduced as well. The F Sport was introduced, with a honeycomb grille, 8 - speed automatic transmission, and a unique sporty interior. In the US, the new model uses the Lexus Enform telematics system, which includes the Safety Connect SOS system and Shazam tagging. Sales began worldwide in April 2012 for the RX 350 and RX 450h, with sales for the F - Sport variants starting in July of the same year.A facelift was designed through late 2010 and patented on 7 January 2011 under design registration number 001845801 - 0004. The facelift was unveiled at the March 2012 Geneva Motor Show with new wheels, interior colors, new head and tail lamps and new grilles. New LED running lights were introduced as well. The F Sport was introduced, with a honeycomb grille, 8 - speed automatic transmission, and a unique sporty interior. In the US, the new model uses the Lexus Enform telematics system, which includes the Safety Connect SOS system and Shazam tagging. Sales began worldwide in April 2012 for the RX 350 and RX 450h, with sales for the F - Sport variants starting in July of the same year.A facelift was designed through late 2010 and patented on 7 January 2011 under design registration number 001845801 - 0004. The facelift was unveiled at

Question: When did the high-end division of the largest car manufacturing company globally alter the body design of the RX 350?

Question: what is the biggest automobile company in the world

Answer: Toyota

Question: Name a luxury division of #1 .

Answer: Lexus

Question: when did #2 rx 350 change body style

Answer: Sales began worldwide in April 2012

Answer: Sales began worldwide in April 2012

When did the luxury division of the biggest automobile company in the world change the body style of rx 350?


Magic (Smash Mouth album)

 as anything else Smash Mouth has ever released, filled with grooving, organ-fueled beach party anthems".

== Track listing ==

== Personnel ==
Smash Mouth

Steve Harwell – lead vocals
Michael Klooster – keyboards
Mike Krompass – additional keyboards, guitars, drum programming, backing vocals
Greg Camp – guitars (11), backing vocals (11)
Paul De Lisle – bass, backing vocals
Randy Cooke – drums
Michael Urbano – drums (11)
Additional personnel

John Portela – additional keyboards
J. Dash – vocals (3, 6)
Andrew Fromm – backing vocals
Storm Gardiner – backing vocals
Shawn Mayer – backing vocals
Jennifer Paige – backing vocals
Stephen Vickers – backing vocals

=== Production ===
Jared Levine – A&R
Mike Krompass – producer, engineer, mixing
Ben Harrington – assistant engineer, mix assistant
Steve Murr – additional recording
Dave McNair – mastering
David Alan Kogut – art direction
Calibree Photography – photography
Robert Hayes – management

== References ==

== External links ==
Magic at YouTube (streamed copy where licensed)Magic is the seventh studio album by American rock band Smash Mouth, released on September 4, 2012 through 429 Records. It is their first album in six years since the release of Summer Girl in 2006. It is also the first album without original guitarist and primary songwriter Greg Camp since his departure from the band, and the last album to feature lead vocalist Steve Harwell before his retirement in 2021 and his death in 2023.
The first single on the album, "Magic", peaked at No. 22 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart.

== Reception ==
AllMusic gave the album 3½ stars, saying it was "as effortlessly effervescent as anything else Smash Mouth has ever released, filled with grooving, organ-fueled beach party anthems".

== Track listing ==

== Personnel ==
Smash Mouth

Steve Harwell – lead vocals
Michael Klooster – keyboards
Mike Krompass – additional keyboards, guitars, drum programming, backing vocals
Greg Camp – guitars (11), backing vocals (11)
Paul De Lisle – bass, backing vocals
Randy Cooke – drums
Michael Urbano – drums (11)
Additional personnel

John Portela – additional keyboards
J. Dash – vocals (3, 6)
Andrew Fromm – backing vocals
Storm Gardiner – backing vocals
Shawn Mayer – backing vocals
Jennifer Paige – backing vocals
Stephen Vickers – backing vocals

=== Production ===
Jared Levine – A&R
Mike Krompass – producer, engineer, mixing
Ben Harrington – assistant engineer, mix assistant
Steve Murr – additional recording
Dave McNair – mastering
David Alan Kogut – art direction
Calibree Photography – photography
Robert Hayes – management

== References ==

== External links ==
Magic at YouTube (streamed copy where licensed)Magic is the seventh studio album by American rock band Smash Mouth, released on September 4, 2012 through 429 Records. It is their first album in six years since the release of Summer Girl in 2006. It is also the first album without original guitarist and primary songwriter Greg Camp since his departure from the band, and the last album to feature lead vocalist Steve Harwell before his retirement in 2021 and his death in 2023.
The first single on the album, "Magic", peaked at No. 22 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart.

== Reception ==
AllMusic gave the album 3½ stars, saying it was "as effortlessly effervescent as anything else Smash Mouth has ever released, filled with grooving, organ-fueled beach party anthems".

== Track listing ==

== Personnel ==
Smash Mouth

Steve Harwell – lead vocals
Michael Klooster – keyboards
Mike Krompass – additional keyboards, guitars, drum programming, backing vocals
Greg Camp – guitars (11), backing vocals (11)
Paul De Lisle – bass, backing vocals
Randy Cooke – drums
Michael Urbano – drums (11)
Additional personnel

John Portela – additional keyboards
J. Dash – vocals (3, 6)
Andrew Fromm – backing vocals
Storm Gardiner – backing vocals
Shawn Mayer – backing vocals
Jennifer Paige – backing vocals
Stephen Vickers –Magic is the seventh studio album by American rock band Smash Mouth, released on September 4, 2012 through 429 Records. It is their first album in six years since the release of "Summer Girl" in 2006. It is also the first album without original guitarist and primary songwriter Greg Camp since his departure from the band.MagicMagic is the seventh studio album by American rock band Smash Mouth, released on September 4, 2012 through 429 Records. It is their first album in six years since the release of "Summer Girl" in 2006. It is also the first album without original guitarist and primary songwriter Greg Camp since his departure from the band. last album to feature lead vocalist Steve Harwell before his retirement in 2021 and his death in 2023.
The first single on the album, "Magic", peaked at No. 22 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart.

== Reception ==
AllMusic gave the album 3½ stars, saying it was "as effortlessly effervescent as anything else Smash Mouth has ever released, filled with grooving, organ-fueled beach party anthems".

== Track listing ==

== Personnel ==
Smash Mouth

Steve Harwell – lead vocals
Michael Klooster – keyboards
Mike Krompass – additional keyboards, guitars, drum programming, backing vocals
Greg Camp – guitars (11), backing vocals (11)
Paul De Lisle – bass, backing vocals
Randy Cooke – drums
Michael Urbano – drums (11)
Additional personnel

John Portela – additional keyboards
J. Dash – vocals (3, 6)
Andrew Fromm – backing vocals
Storm Gardiner – backing vocals
Shawn Mayer – backing vocals
Jennifer Paige – backing vocals
Stephen Vickers – backing vocals

=== Production ===
Jared Levine – A&R
Mike Krompass – producer, engineer

So Insane

 the film Zoom.

== Chart performance ==

== References =="So Insane" is the second promo single from Smash Mouth's 2006 album, Summer Girl. The promo single contains a radio edit of the song (for US radio) and the album version. Without a music video, or promotion, the single never charted on Billboard's Top 100; however, it did reach position No. 25 on the US Adult Top 40 chart. It was made for the film Zoom.

== Chart performance ==

== References =="So Insane" is the second promo single from Smash Mouth's 2006 album, Summer Girl. The promo single contains a radio edit of the song (for US radio) and the album version. Without a music video,"So Insane" is the second promo single from Smash Mouth's 2006 album, "Summer Girl". The promo single contains a radio edit of the song (for US radio) and the album version. Without a music video, or promotion, the single never charted on Billboard's Top 100; however, it did reach position No. 25 on the US Adult Top 40 chart. It was made for the film "Zoom"."So Insane" is the second promo single from Smash Mouth's 2006 album, "Summer Girl". The promo single contains a radio edit of the song (for US radio) and the album version. Without a music video, or promotion, the single never charted on Billboard's Top 100; however, it did reach position No. 25 on the US Adult Top 40 chart. It was made for the film "Zoom".

Question: Which record label produced the track 'So Insane'?

Question: What was the record label of So Insane?

Answer: Smash Mouth

Question: #1 >> record label

Answer: 429 Records

Answer: 429 Records

What was the record label of the record label of So Insane?


Mohammed Muddather

 In August 2016, he joined Al-Sailiya SC.

== Honours ==

=== Club ===
Al-Duhail
Qatari Stars League: 2011-12
Qatar Cup: 2013
Al-Sailiya
Qatari Stars Cup: 2020-21, 2021-22

== References ==

== External links ==
Mohammed Muddather at SoccerwayMohmad Mdether Driss Rajeb (born 13 April 1988) is a Sudanese footballer who plays for Qatari club Al-Kharaitiyat.

== Club career ==
Rajeb started his career with Al-Ahly Shendi in Sudan and joined in the spring of 2007 to Qatar Stars League club Al-Wakrah. In December 2011 left Al-Wakrah and joined to Qatar Stars League rival Lekhwiya SC. From 2013 to 2016 he played for Al-Arabi SC. In August 2016, he joined Al-Sailiya SC.

== Honours ==

=== Club ===
Al-Duhail
Qatari Stars League: 2011-12
Qatar Cup: 2013
Al-Sailiya
Qatari Stars Cup: 2020-21, 2021-22

== References ==

== External links ==
Mohammed Muddather at SoccerwayMohmad Mdether Driss Rajeb (born 13 April 1988) is a Sudanese footballer who plays for Qatari club Al-Kharaitiyat.

== Club career ==
Rajeb started his career with Al-Ahly Shendi in Sudan and joined in the spring of 2007 to Qatar Stars League club Al-Wakrah. In December 2011 left Al-Wakrah and joined to Qatar Stars League rival Lekhwiya SC. From 2013 to 2016 he played for Al-Arabi SC. In August 2016, he joined Al-Sailiya SC.

== Honours ==

=== Club ===
Al-Duhail
Qatari Stars League: 2011-12
Qatar Cup: 2013
Al-Sailiya
Qatari Stars Cup: 2020-21, 2021-22

== References ==

== External links ==
Mohammed Muddather at SoccerwayMohmad Mdether Driss Rajeb (born 13 April 1988) is a Sudanese footballer who plays for Qatari club Al-Kharaitiyat.

== Club career ==
Rajeb started his career with Al-Ahly Shendi in Sudan and joined in the spring of 2007 to Qatar Stars League club Al-Wakrah. In December 2011 left Al-Wakrah and joined to Qatar Stars League rival Lekhwiya SC. From 2013 to 2016 he played for Al-Arabi SC. In August 2016, he joined Al-Sailiya SC.

== Honours ==

=== Club ===
Al-Duhail
Qatari Stars League: 2011-12
Qatar CupRajeb started his career with Al-Ahly Shendi in Sudan and joined in the spring of 2007 to Qatar Stars League club Al-Wakrah. In December 2011 left Al-Wakrah and joined to Qatar Stars League rival Lekhwiya SC.MRajeb started his career with Al-Ahly Shendi in Sudan and joined in the spring of 2007 to Qatar Stars League club Al-Wakrah. In December 2011 left Al-Wakrah and joined to Qatar Stars League rival Lekhwiya SC. in the spring of 2007 to Qatar Stars League club Al-Wakrah. In December 2011 left Al-Wakrah and joined to Qatar Stars League rival Lekhwiya SC. From 2013 to 2016 he played for Al-Arabi SC. In August 2016, he joined Al-Sailiya SC.

== Honours ==

=== Club ===
Al-Duhail
Qatari Stars League: 2011-12
Qatar Cup: 2013
Al-Sailiya
Qatari Stars Cup: 2020-21, 2021-22

== References ==

== External links ==
Mohammed Muddather at SoccerwayMohmad Mdether Driss Rajeb (born 13 April 1988) is a Sudanese footballer who plays for Qatari club Al-Kharaitiyat.

== Club career ==
Rajeb started his career with Al-Ahly Shendi in Sudan and joined in the spring of 2007 to Qatar Stars League club Al-Wakrah. In December 2011 left Al-Wakrah and joined to Qatar Stars League rival Lekhwiya SC. From 2013 to 2016 he played for Al-Arabi SC. In August 2016, he joined Al-Sailiya SC.

== Honours ==

=== Club ===
Al-Duhail
Qatari Stars League: 2011-12
Qatar Cup: 2013
Al-Sailiya
Qatari Stars Cup: 2020-21, 2021-22

== References ==

== External links ==
Mohammed Muddather at SoccerwayMohmad Mdether Driss Rajeb (born 13 April 1988) is a Sudanese footballer who plays for Qatari club Al-Kharaitiyat.

== Club career ==
Rajeb started his career with Al-Ahly Shendi in Sudan and joined in the spring of 2007 to Qatar Stars League club Al-Wakrah. In December 2011 left Al-Wakrah and joined to Qatar Stars League rival Lekhwiya SC. From 2013 to 2016 he played for Al-Arabi SC. In August 2016, he joined Al-Sailiya SC.

== Honours

Saoud bin Abdulrahman Stadium

 2022 FIFA World Cup, the site was used as the training base for England.
The stadium will be used as one of the venues in the 2024 AFC U-23 Asian Cup.

== See also ==
Lists of stadiums
List of football stadiums in Qatar

== References ==The Saoud bin Abdulrahman al-Thani Stadium (Arabic: ملعب سعود بن عبدالرحمن), also known as Al-Wakrah SC Stadium, is a multi-purpose stadium in Al Wakrah, Qatar. It is currently used mostly for football matches. It is the home venue of Al-Wakrah Sports Club. The stadium has a capacity of 12,000 seats.
A new stadium named Al Janoub Stadium is being built in the vicinity in time for the 2022 FIFA World Cup and will be used as Al-Wakrah Sports Club’s home, after the world cup.
During the 2022 FIFA World Cup, the site was used as the training base for England.
The stadium will be used as one of the venues in the 2024 AFC U-23 Asian Cup.

== See also ==
Lists of stadiums
List of football stadiums in Qatar

== References ==The Saoud bin Abdulrahman al-Thani Stadium (Arabic: ملعب سعود بن عبدالرحمن), also known as Al-Wakrah SC Stadium, is a multi-purpose stadium in Al Wakrah, Qatar. It is currently used mostly for football matches. It is the home venue of Al-Wakrah Sports Club. The stadium has a capacity of 12,000 seats.
A new stadium named Al Janoub Stadium is being built in the vicinity in time for the 2022 FIFA World Cup and will be used as Al-Wakrah Sports Club’s home, after the world cup.
During the 2022 FIFA World Cup, the site was used as the training base for England.
The stadium will be used as one of the venues in theThe Saoud bin Abdul Rahman Al-Thani Stadium (), also known as Al-Wakrah SC Stadium, is a multi-purpose stadium in Al Wakrah, Qatar. It is currently used mostly for football matches. It is the home venue of Al-Wakrah Sports Club. The stadium has a capacity of 12,000 seats.TheThe Saoud bin Abdul Rahman Al-Thani Stadium (), also known as Al-Wakrah SC Stadium, is a multi-purpose stadium in Al Wakrah, Qatar. It is currently used mostly for football matches. It is the home venue of Al-Wakrah Sports Club. The stadium has a capacity of 12,000 seats. home venue of Al-Wakrah Sports Club. The stadium has a capacity of 12,000 seats.
A new stadium named Al Janoub Stadium is being built in the vicinity in time for the 2022 FIFA World Cup and will be used as Al-Wakrah Sports Club’s home, after the world cup.
During the 2022 FIFA World Cup, the site was used as the training base for England.
The stadium will be used as one of the venues in the 2024 AFC U-23 Asian Cup.

== See also ==
Lists of stadiums
List of football stadiums in Qatar

== References ==The Saoud bin Abdulrahman al-Thani Stadium (Arabic: ملعب سعود بن عبدالرحمن), also known as Al-Wakrah SC Stadium, is a multi-purpose stadium in Al Wakrah, Qatar. It is currently used mostly for football matches. It is the home venue of Al-Wakrah Sports Club. The stadium has a capacity of 12,000 seats.
A new stadium named Al Janoub Stadium is being built in the vicinity in time for the 2022 FIFA World Cup and will be used as Al-Wakrah Sports Club’s home, after the world cup.
During the 2022 FIFA World Cup, the site was used as the training base for England.
The stadium will be used as one of the venues in the 2024 AFC U-23 Asian Cup.

== See also ==
Lists of stadiums
List of football stadiums in Qatar

== References ==The Saoud bin Abdulrahman al-Thani Stadium (Arabic: ملعب سعود بن عبدالرحمن), also known as Al-Wakrah SC Stadium, is a multi-purpose stadium in Al Wakrah, Qatar. It is currently used mostly for football matches. It is the home venue of Al-Wakrah Sports Club. The stadium has a capacity of 12,000 seats.
A new stadium named Al Janoub Stadium is being built in the vicinity in time for the 2022

Question: Which league is the operating body for Al Janoub Stadium a part of?

Question: Al Janoub Stadium >> operator

Answer: Al-Wakrah Sports Club

Question: #1 >> league

Answer: Qatar Stars League

Answer: Qatar Stars League

What league includes the operating group of Al Janoub Stadium?


Governor of Vatican City

 State since 2001.

== External links ==
Francesco Clementi: La nuova "Costituzione" dello Stato della Città del Vaticano
Luca Martini: Le caratteristiche peculiari dello Stato della Città del Vaticano: istituzioni e nuova costituzione
Sullo Stato della Città del Vaticano, v. F. Clementi, Città del Vaticano, Bologna, Il Mulino, 2009The post of Governor of the Vatican City State (Italian: Governatore dello Stato della Città del Vaticano) was held by Marchese Camillo Serafini from the foundation of the state in 1929 until his death in 1952. No successor was appointed, and the post itself was not mentioned in the Fundamental Law of Vatican City State issued by Pope John Paul II on 26 November 2000, which entered into force on 22 February 2001.
Even during Serafini's lifetime, the powers of the governor were limited by Pope Pius XII in 1939 by the establishment of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State—consisting of a number of cardinals, originally three, but later increased to seven. The president of the pontifical commission has exercised the functions that were previously attributed to the governor since 1952, and has also held the title of President of the Governorate of the Vatican City State since 2001.

== External links ==
Francesco Clementi: La nuova "Costituzione" dello Stato della Città del Vaticano
Luca Martini: Le caratteristiche peculiari dello Stato della Città del Vaticano: istituzioni e nuova costituzione
Sullo Stato della Città del Vaticano, v. F. Clementi, Città del Vaticano, Bologna, Il Mulino, 2009The post of Governor of the Vatican City State (Italian: Governatore dello Stato della Città del Vaticano) was held by Marchese Camillo Serafini from the foundation of the state in 1929 until his death in 1952. No successor was appointed, and the post itself was not mentioned in the Fundamental Law of Vatican City State issued byThe post of Governor of Vatican City (Governatore dello Stato della Città del Vaticano in Italian) was held by Marchese Camillo Serafini from the foundation of the state in 1929 until his death in 1952. No successor was appointed, and the post itself was not mentioned in the Fundamental Law of Vatican City State issued by Pope John Paul II on 26 November 2000, which entered into force on 22 February 2001.1.
Even during Serafini's lifetime, the powers of the governor were limited by Pope Pius XII in 1939 by the establishment of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State—consisting of a number of cardinals, originally three, but later increased to seven. The president of the pontifical commission has exercised the functions that were previously attributed to the governor since 1952, and has also held the title of President of the Governorate of the Vatican City State since 2001.

== External links ==
Francesco Clementi: La nuova "Costit

St. Peter's Basilica

 was built in the fourth century by Roman emperor Constantine the Great. Construction of the present basilica began on 18 April 1506 and was completed on 18 November 1626.
Designed principally by Donato Bramante, Michelangelo, and Carlo Maderno, with piazza and fittings by Gian Lorenzo Bernini, St. Peter's is one of the most renowned works of Italian Renaissance architecture and is the largest church in the world by interior measure. While it is neither the mother church of the Catholic Church nor the cathedral of the Diocese of Rome (these equivalent titles being held byThe Papal Basilica of St. Peter in the Vatican (Italian: Basilica Papale di San Pietro in Vaticano), or simply St. Peter's Basilica (Latin: Basilica Sancti Petri), is an Italian Renaissance church in Vatican City, the papal enclave within the city of Rome.�pj����tro]), is a church of the Italian High Renaissance located in Vatican City, an independent microstate enclaved within the city of Rome, Italy. It was initially planned in the 15th century by Pope Nicholas V and then Pope Julius II to replace the ageing Old St. Peter's Basilica, which was built in the fourth century by Roman emperor Constantine the Great. Construction of the present basilica began on 18 April 1506 and was completed on 18 November 1626.
Designed principally by Donato Bramante, Michelangelo, and Carlo Maderno, with piazza and fittings by Gian Lorenzo Bernini, St. Peter's is one of the most renowned works of Italian Renaissance architecture and is the largest church in the world by interior measure. While it is neither the mother church of the Catholic Church nor the cathedral of the Diocese of Rome (these equivalent titles being held by the Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran in Rome), St. Peter's is regarded as one of the holiest Catholic shrines. It has been described as "holding a unique position in the Christian world", and as "the greatest of all churches of Christendom."
Catholic tradition holds that the basilica is the burial site of Saint Peter, chief among Jesus's apostles and also the first Bishop of Rome (Pope). Saint Peter's tomb is directly below the high altar of the basilica, also known as the Altar of the Confession. For this reason, many popes, cardinals and bishops have been interred at St. Peter's since the Early Christian period.
St. Peter's is famous as a place of pilgrimage and for its liturgical functions. The pope presides at a number of liturgies throughout the year both within the basilica or the adjoining St. Peter's Square; these liturgies draw audiences numbering from 15,000 to over 80,000 people. St. Peter's has many historical associations, with the early Christian Church, the Papacy, the Protestant Reformation and Catholic Counter-Reformation and numerous artists, especially Michelangelo. As a work of architecture, it is regarded as the greatest building of its age. St. Peter's is one of the four churches in the world that hold the rank of Major papal basilica, all four of which are in Rome, and is also one of the Seven Pilgrim Churches of Rome. Contrary to popular misconception, it is not a cathedral because it is not the seat of a bishop; the cathedra of the pope as bishop of Rome is at the Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran.

== Overview ==

St

Đakovo Cathedral

ovo is the town's most famous landmark and the most important sacral object.
The cathedral was built 1866-1882 under Josip Juraj Strossmayer, who was the bishop of the Catholic diocese of Đakovo and Srijem. The architects of the cathedral are Carl Roesner and Friedrich von Schmidt from Vienna. FrescoThe Đakovo Cathedral or Cathedral basilica of St. Peter () is the cathedral of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Đakovo-Osijek in Đakovo, Croatia.The Đakovo Cathedral or Cathedral basilica of St. Peter (Croatian: Katedrala bazilika Svetog Petra) is the cathedral of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Đakovo-Osijek in Đakovo, Croatia.
Đakovo Cathedral is the biggest sacral newly built building of Croatian historicism. The St. Peter Cathedral in Đakovo is the town's most famous landmark and the most important sacral object.
The cathedral was built 1866-1882 under Josip Juraj Strossmayer, who was the bishop of the Catholic diocese of Đakovo and Srijem. The architects of the cathedral are Carl Roesner and Friedrich von Schmidt from Vienna. Fresco paintings depicting scenes from the Old Testament in the nave and the New Testament scenes from the life of St Peter in the chancel were executed by the Roman painters of German origin Alexander Maximillian and Lodovico Seitz, except for two frescoes which were painted by Achille Ansiglioni. The scenes from the life of St Peter were partially made according to the drawings created for Đakovo Cathedral by one of the leading Nazarene painters Friedrich Overbeck.
The landscaped park from the 19th century near the bishop's palace is a horticultural monument under special protection as well as the nearby Small Park (Mali Park) dating from the turn of the 19th/20th century.
Đakovo Cathedral was built in 4 years, and another 12 years was spent decorating the inside.

== References ==

== Sources ==
Cepelić, Milko; Pavić, Matija, Josip Juraj Strossmayer, biskup bosansko-đakovački i srijemski, God. 1850-1900, Tisak dioničke tiskare, Zagreb, 1900-1904.
Damjanović, Dragan, "Karl Rösner's First Design for Đakovo Cathedral from 1854", Prostor, Architecture and UrbanĐakovo Cathedral is the biggest sacral newly built building of Croatian historicism. The St. Peter Cathedral in Đakovo is the town's most famous landmark and the most important sacral object.ocese of Đakovo-Osijek in Đakovo, Croatia.
Đakovo Cathedral is the biggest sacral newly built building of Croatian historicism. The St. Peter Cathedral in Đakovo is the town's most famous landmark and the most important sacral object.
The cathedral was built 1866-1882 under Josip Juraj Strossmayer, who was the bishop of the Catholic diocese of Đakovo and Srijem. The architects of the cathedral are Carl Roesner and Friedrich von Schmidt from Vienna. FrescoThe Đakovo Cathedral or Cathedral basilica of St. Peter () is the cathedral of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Đakovo-Osijek in Đakovo, Croatia.The Đakovo Cathedral or Cathedral basilica of St. Peter (Croatian: Katedrala bazilika Svetog Petra) is the cathedral of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Đakovo-Osijek in Đakovo, Croatia.
Đakovo Cathedral is the biggest sacral newly built building of Croatian

Question: When did the tenure of the governor, of the place where the Basilica named after the saint who is also the namesake of Đakovo Cathedral is located, and the leader of the Catholic Church, conclude?

Question: Đakovo Cathedral >> named after

Answer: Peter

Question: st. #1 ’s basilica the head of the catholic religion is located in

Answer: Vatican City

Question: On what date did Governor of #2 end?

Answer: 1952

Answer: 1952

On what date did Governor of the location of the Basilica named after the same saint as Đakovo Cathedral and the head of the catholic religion end?


China Sunergy

. Located in Tuzla Free Trade Zone, Istanbul, CSUN (Turkey) is in progress of building its second factory in Turkey within 2015. CSUN has  been recognized as a Tier 1 module supplier by the Bloomberg New Energy Finance (BENF) PV Module Maker Tiering System on 23 March 2014.
Their distribution network for solar panels covers over 79 distributors and wholesalers, across over 26 different countries.

== References ==

== External links ==
ChinaChina Sunergy () is a Chinese solar cell products manufacturer based in Nanjing, Jiangsu. The company specializes in creating solar cells from silicon wafers. China Sunergy has a major customer base in China, but also sells their products internationally. On May 17 2007 the company began producing both monocrystalline and multicrystalline silicon solar cells. In 2012 the annual production of the cells were 1 GW and PV modules 1.2 GW. After listing as a NASDAQ Company in 2007, in 2013 May 23 China Sunergy opened its first international manufacturing base in Turkey. Turkey factory has the biggest solar cell and module capacity among both in Turkey and Europe. CSUN currently is the only Chinese solar cells and module manufacturer with a manufacturing base in Europe. Located in Tuzla Free Trade Zone, Istanbul, CSUN (Turkey) is in progress of building its second factory in Turkey within 2015. CSUN has been recognized as a Tier 1 module supplier by the Bloomberg New Energy Finance (BENF) PV Module Maker Tiering System on 23 March 2014.China SunergyChina Sunergy () is a Chinese solar cell products manufacturer based in Nanjing, Jiangsu. The company specializes in creating solar cells from silicon wafers. China Sunergy has a major customer base in China, but also sells their products internationally. On May 17 2007 the company began producing both monocrystalline and multicrystalline silicon solar cells. In 2012 the annual production of the cells were 1 GW and PV modules 1.2 GW. After listing as a NASDAQ Company in 2007, in 2013 May 23 China Sunergy opened its first international manufacturing base in Turkey. Turkey factory has the biggest solar cell and module capacity among both in Turkey and Europe. CSUN currently is the only Chinese solar cells and module manufacturer with a manufacturing base in Europe. Located in Tuzla Free Trade Zone, Istanbul, CSUN (Turkey) is in progress of building its second factory in Turkey within 2015. CSUN has been recognized as a Tier 1 module supplier by the Bloomberg New Energy Finance (BENF) PV Module Maker Tiering System on 23 March 2014. PV Module Maker Tiering System on 23 March 2014.
Their distribution network for solar panels covers over 79 distributors and wholesalers, across over 26 different countries.

== References ==

== External links ==
China Sunergy website
China Sunergy (Greece)  website
ReutersChina Sunergy CSUN (Chinese: 中电����) is a Chinese solar cell products manufacturer based in Nanjing, Jiangsu. The company specializes in creating

Guangling District

uangling District (simplified Chinese: ����区; traditional Chinese: �������; pinyin: Gu��nglíng Qū) is one of three districts of Yangzhou, Jiangsu province, China. The district includes the eastern half of Yangzhou's main urban area (including Yangzhou's historic center within the former city wall), and the city's eastern suburbs. The other half of the city's main urban area is in HanjiangGuangling District () is one of three districts of Yangzhou, Jiangsu province, China. The district includes the eastern half of Yangzhou's main urban area (including Yangzhou's historic center within the former city wall), and the city's eastern suburbs. The other half of the city's main urban area is in Hanjiang District.Guangling District () is one of three districts of Yangzhou, Jiangsu province, China. The district includes the eastern half of Yangzhou's main urban area (including Yangzhou's historic center within the former city wall), and the city's eastern suburbs

Nanjing

 the short drop because it was intended to be enough to break the person's neck, causing immediate unconsciousness and rapid brain death.
This method was used to execute condemned Nazis under United States jurisdiction after the Nuremberg Trials, including Joachim vonArchaeological discovery shows that "Nanjing Man" lived in more than 500 thousand years ago. Zun, a kind of wine vessel, was found to exist in Beiyinyangying culture of Nanjing in about 5000 years ago. In the late period of Shang dynasty, Taibo of Zhou came to Jiangnan and established Wu state, and the first stop is in Nanjing area according to some historians based on discoveries in Taowu and Hushu culture. According to legend,[which?] Fuchai, King of the State of Wu, founded a fort named Yecheng (冶城) in today's Nanjing area in 495 BC. Later in 473 BC, the State of Yue conquered Wu and constructed the fort of Yuecheng (越城) on the outskirts of the present-day Zhonghua Gate. In 333 BC, after eliminating the State of Yue, the State of Chu built Jinling Yi (金陵邑) in the western part of present-day Nanjing. It was renamed Moling (秣陵) during reign of Qin Shi Huang. Since then, the city experienced destruction and renewal many times.[citation needed] The area was successively part of Kuaiji, Zhang and Danyang prefectures in Qin and Han dynasty, and part of Yangzhou region which was established as the nation's 13 supervisory and administrative regions in the 5th year of Yuanfeng in Han dynasty (106 BC). Nanjing was later the capital city of Danyang Prefecture, and had been the capital city of Yangzhou for about 400 years from late Han to early Tang..
A rope is attached around the condemned's feet and routed through a pulley at the base of the pole.
The condemned is hoisted to the top of the pole by means of a sling running across the chest and under the armpits.
A narrow-diameter noose is looped around the prisoner's neck, then secured to a hook mounted at the top of the pole.
The chest sling is released, and the prisoner is rapidly jerked downward by the assistant executioners via the foot rope.
The executioner stands on a stepped platform approximately 1.2 metres (3.9 ft) high beside the condemned. The executioner would place the heel of his hand beneath the prisoner's jaw to increase the force on the neck vertebrae at the end of the drop, then manually dislocate the condemned's neck by forcing the head to one side while the neck vertebrae were under traction.
This method was later also adopted by the successor states, most notably by Czechoslovakia, where the "pole" method was used as the single type of execution from 1918 until the abolition of capital punishment in 1990. Nazi war criminal Karl Hermann Frank, executed in 1946 in Prague, was among approximately 1,000 condemned people executed in this manner in Czechoslovakia.

=== Standard drop ===

The standard drop involves a drop of between 4 and 6 feet (1.2–1.8 m) and came into use from 1866, when the scientific details were published by Irish doctor Samuel Haughton. Its use rapidly spread to English-speaking countries and those with judicial systems of English origin.
It was considered a humane improvement on the short drop because it was intended to be enough to break the person's neck, causing immediate unconsciousness and rapid brain death.
This method was used to execute condemned Nazis under United States jurisdiction after the Nuremberg Trials, including Joachim von Ribbentrop and Ernst Kaltenbrunner. In the execution of Ribbentrop, historian Giles MacDonogh records that: "The hangman botched the execution and the rope throttled the former foreign minister for 20 minutes before he expired." A Life magazine report on the execution merely says: "The trap fell open and with a sound midway between a rumble and a crash, Ribbentrop disappeared. The rope quivered for a time, then stood tautly straight."

=== Long drop ===

The long-drop process, also known as the measured drop, was introduced to Britain in 1872 by William Marwood as a scientific advance on the standard drop. Instead of everyone falling the same standard distance, the person's height and weight were used to determine how much slack would be provided in the rope so that the distance dropped would be enough to ensure that the neck was broken, but not so much that the person was decapitated. Careful placement of

Question: For what duration was the head office of China Sunergy situated in the capital city of the region that encompassed the Guangling District?

Question: China Sunergy >> headquarters location

Answer: Nanjing

Question: Guangling District >> located in the administrative territorial entity

Answer: Yangzhou

Question: How long had #1 been the capital city of #2 ?

Answer: about 400 years

Answer: about 400 years

How long had China Sunergy's headquarters location been the capitol city of the area where Guangling District was located?


Coffee Swamp

 on the northern edge of Washington Island, in Door County Wisconsin and is a designated state natural area since 1994. At the center of the swamp is a small, shallow pond.
The swamp represents a boreal forest, and hosts a number of plant species including various sedges, ferns and other rare plants. Snowberry, round-leaved sundew, and pitcher plants grow in small mounded areas of sphagnum moss under some of the cedars.

== Climate ==

== Gallery ==

== References ==Coffee Swamp is a freshwater swamp located on the northern edge of Washington Island, in Door County Wisconsin and is a designated state natural area since 1994. At the center of the swamp is a small, shallow pond.
The swamp represents a boreal forest, and hosts a number of plant species including various sedges, ferns and other rare plants. Snowberry, round-leaved sundew, and pitcher plants grow in small mounded areas of sphagnum moss under some of the cedars.

== Climate ==

== Gallery ==

== References ==Coffee Swamp is a freshwater swamp located on the northern edge of Washington Island, in Door County Wisconsin and is a designated state natural area since 1994. At the center of the swamp is a small, shallow pond.
The swamp represents a boreal forest, and hosts a number of plant species including various sedges, ferns and other rare plants. Snowberry, round-leaved sundew, and pitcher plants grow in small mounded areas of sphagnum moss under some of the cedars.

== Climate ==

== Gallery ==

== References ==Coffee Swamp is a freshwater swamp located on the northern edge of Washington Island, in Door County Wisconsin and is a designated state natural area since 1994. At the center of the swamp is a small, shallow pond.
The swamp represents a boreal forest, and hosts a number of plant species including various sedges, ferns and other rare plants. Snowberry, round-leaved sundew, and pitcher plants grow in small mounded areas of sphagnum moss under some of the cedars.

== Climate ==

== Gallery ==

== References ==Coffee Swamp is a freshwater swamp located on the northern edge of Washington Island, in Door County Wisconsin and is a designated state natural area since 1994. At the center of the swamp is a small, shallow pond.
The swamp represents a boreal forest, and hosts a number of plant species including various sedges, ferns and other rare plants. Snowberry, round-leaved sundew, and pitcher plants grow in small mounded areas of sphagnum moss under some of the cedars.

== Climate ==

== Gallery ==

== References ==Coffee Swamp is a freshwater swamp located on the northern edge of Washington Island, in Door County Wisconsin and is a designated state natural area since 1994. At the center of the swamp is a small, shallow pond.
The swamp represents a boreal forest, and hosts a number of plant species including various sedges, ferns and other rare plants. Snowberry, round-leaved sundew, and pitcher plants grow in small mounded areas of sphagnum moss under some of the cedars.

== Climate ==

== Gallery ==

== References ==Coffee Swamp is a freshwater swamp located on the northern edge of Washington Island, in Door County Wisconsin and is a designated state natural area since 1994. At the center of the swamp is a small, shallow pond.
The swamp represents a boreal forest, and hosts a number of plant species including various sedges, ferns and other rare plants. Snowberry, round-leaved sundew, and pitcher plants grow in small mounded areas of sphagnum moss under some of the cedars.

== Climate ==

== Gallery ==

== References ==Coffee Swamp is a freshwater swamp located on the northern edge of Washington Island, in Door County Wisconsin and is a designated state natural area since 1994. At the center of the swamp is a small, shallow pond.
The swamp represents a boreal forest, and hosts a number of plant species including various sedges, ferns and other rare plants. Snowberry, round-leaved sundew, and pitcher plants grow in small mounded areas of sphagnum moss under some of the cedars.

== Climate ==

== Gallery ==

== References ==Coffee Swamp is a freshwater swamp located on the northern edge of Washington Island, in Door County Wisconsin and is a designated state natural area since 1994. At the center of the swamp is a small, shallow pond.
The swamp represents a boreal forest, and hosts a number of plant species including various sedges, ferns and other rare plants. Snowberry, round-leaved sundew, and pitcher plants grow in small mounded areas of sphagnum moss under some of the cedars.

== Climate ==

== Gallery ==

== References ==Coffee Swamp is a freshwater swamp located on the northern edge of Washington Island, in Door County Wisconsin and is a designated state natural area since 1994. At the center of the swamp is a small, shallow pond.
The swamp represents a boreal forest, and hosts a number of plant species including various sedges, ferns and other rare plants. Snowberry, round-leaved sundew, and pitcher plants grow in small mounded areas of sphagnum moss under some of theCoffee Swamp is a two acre freshwater swamp located on the northern edge of Washington Island, in Door County Wisconsin and is a designated state natural area since 1994. The swamp represents a boreal forest, and hosts a number of plant species including various sedges, ferns and other rare plants.CCoffee Swamp is a two acre freshwater swamp located on the northern edge of Washington Island, in Door County Wisconsin and is a designated state natural area since 1994. The swamp represents a boreal forest, and hosts a number of plant species including various sedges, ferns and other rare plants. various sedges, ferns and other rare plants. Snowberry, round-leaved sundew, and pitcher plants grow in small mounded areas of sphagnum moss under some of the cedars.

== Climate ==

== Gallery ==

== References ==Coffee Swamp is a freshwater swamp located on the northern edge of Washington Island, in Door County Wisconsin and is a designated state natural area since 1994. At the center of the swamp is a small, shallow pond.
The swamp represents a boreal forest, and hosts a number of plant species including various sedges, ferns and other rare plants. Snowberry, round-leaved sundew, and pitcher plants grow in small mounded areas of sphagnum moss under some of the cedars.

== Climate ==

== Gallery ==

== References ==Coffee Swamp is a freshwater swamp located on the northern edge of Washington Island, in Door County Wisconsin and is a designated state natural area since 1994. At the center of the swamp is a small, shallow

Washington Island (Michigan)

 Superior around Washington Island are notoriously dangerous, however, and inexperienced kayakers are not encouraged to navigate them.
Many Great Lakes boats and lake freighters have succumbed to the stormy waters that surround Washington Island.  The nearby 1908 lighthouse and light tower, Rock of Ages Light, tries to warn boats away from these dangerous waters.  The federal government has also constructed a radio beacon tower on Washington Island's eastern tip, facing Isle Royale.
Passenger ferry vessels that circumnavigate the Isle Royale archipelago use Grace Harbor as aWashington Island is an uninhabited island in Lake Superior. It is within the boundary of Keweenaw County and Isle Royale National Park, a national park located within the U.S. state of Michigan. It is the westernmost point marked on most maps of the elongated archipelago that makes up this park. However, a small islet called "Bottle Island" and an even smaller shoal that breaks the lake surface, Rock of Ages, are located further westward.WWashington Island is an uninhabited island in Lake Superior. It is within the boundary of Keweenaw County and Isle Royale National Park, a national park located within the U.S. state of Michigan. It is the westernmost point marked on most maps of the elongated archipelago that makes up this park. However, a small islet called "Bottle Island" and an even smaller shoal that breaks the lake surface, Rock of Ages, are located further westward.Washington Island is approximately 2 mi (3.2 km) long and 0.5 mi (0.80 km) wide.  Like the rest of the Isle Royale archipelago, the island is an ancient ridge of basalt oriented from the southwest to the northeast.
Washington Island is separated by Grace Harbor from Isle Royale.  It has relatively low visitation, with the majority of day trippers being sea kayakers from nearby Windigo Ranger Station.  The waters of Lake Superior around Washington Island are notoriously dangerous, however, and inexperienced kayakers are not encouraged to navigate them.
Many Great Lakes boats and lake freighters have succumbed to the stormy waters that surround Washington Island.  The nearby 1908 lighthouse and light tower, Rock of Ages Light, tries to warn boats away from these dangerous waters.  The federal government has also constructed a radio beacon tower on Washington Island's eastern tip, facing Isle Royale.
Passenger ferry vessels that circumnavigate the Isle Royale archipelago use Grace Harbor as aWashington Island is an uninhabited island in Lake Superior. It is within the boundary of Keweenaw County and Isle Royale National Park, a national park located within the U.S. state of Michigan. It is

Question: In which body of water can the terrain feature of Coffee Swamp be found?

Question: Coffee Swamp >> located on terrain feature

Answer: Washington Island

Question: #1 >> located in or next to body of water

Answer: Lake Superior

Answer: Lake Superior

What body of water includes the terrain feature where Coffee Swamp is located?


Shu Yu of Tang

 King Cheng of Zhou ascended the throne, the people of a land called Tang (��) rebelled, so the Duke of Zhou conquered them.
According to the Records of the Grand Historian, one day, King Cheng of Zhou was playing with his younger brother, Prince Yu. King Cheng of Zhou suddenly picked up a parasol tree leaf and gave it to Prince Yu. Then he said playfully," Let this be a proof that I will make you a feudal lord." Prince Yu happily got the leaf and he then told this to the Duke of Zhou. The Duke of Zhou thought that whatever the young King Cheng of Zhou said should not be taken lightly since he was the king.
The Duke of Zhou approached the young king and asked him if it were true. The young king said that he was just joking with his brother. Then the Duke of Zhou replied, "A sovereign must not joke about the things he says and do as what he has said." The young king thought it was reasonable and gave the recent conquered called Tang land, west of modern Yicheng County in Shanxi, to his brother, Prince Yu.
Shu Yu's son and successor, Xie, moved the capital Jiang nearer to the Jin River and renamed the state Jin.
Jinci was a shrine in Taiyuan dedicated toAccording to the Records of the Grand Historian, one day, King Cheng of Zhou was playing with his younger brother, Prince Yu. King Cheng of Zhou suddenly picked up a parasol tree leaf and gave it to Prince Yu. Then he said playfully," Let this be a proof that I will make you a feudal lord." Prince Yu happily got the leaf and he then told this to the Duke of Zhou. The Duke of Zhou thought that whatever the young King Cheng of Zhou said should not be taken lightly since he was the king.ShuAccording to the Records of the Grand Historian, one day, King Cheng of Zhou was playing with his younger brother, Prince Yu. King Cheng of Zhou suddenly picked up a parasol tree leaf and gave it to Prince Yu. Then he said playfully," Let this be a proof that I will make you a feudal lord." Prince Yu happily got the leaf and he then told this to the Duke of Zhou. The Duke of Zhou thought that whatever the young King Cheng of Zhou said should not be taken lightly since he was the king. son and successor, Xie. He was the son of King Wu of Zhou and Yi Jiang and the younger brother of King Cheng

Heian period

 of drastic reform decreased the intensity of political struggles, and he became recognized as one of Japan's most forceful emperors.TheWhen Emperor Kammu moved the capital to Heian-kyō (Kyōto), which remained the imperial capital for the next 1,000 years, he did so not only to strengthen imperial authority but also to improve his seat of government geopolitically. Nara was abandoned after only 70 years in part due to the ascendancy of Dōkyō and the encroaching secular power of the Buddhist institutions there. Kyōto had good river access to the sea and could be reached by land routes from the eastern provinces. The early Heian period (784–967) continued Nara culture; the Heian capital was patterned on the Chinese Tang capital at Chang'an, as was Nara, but on a larger scale than Nara. Kammu endeavoured to improve the Tang-style administrative system which was in use. Known as the ritsuryō, this system attempted to recreate the Tang imperium in Japan, despite the "tremendous differences in the levels of development between the two countries". Despite the decline of the Taika-Taihō reforms, imperial government was vigorous during the early Heian period. Indeed, Kammu's avoidance of drastic reform decreased the intensity of political struggles, and he became recognized as one of Japan's most forceful emperors. life from this time and onwards was a mix of native Shinto practices and Buddhism.
Over the following centuries, the power of theWhen Emperor Kammu moved the capital to Heian-kyō (Kyōto), which remained the imperial capital for the next 1,000 years, he did so not only to strengthen imperial authority but also to improve his seat of government geopolitically. Nara was abandoned after only 70 years in part due to the ascendancy of Dōkyō and the encroaching secular power of the Buddhist institutions there. Kyōto had good river access to the sea and could be reached by land routes from the eastern provinces. The early Heian period (784–967) continued Nara culture; the Heian capital was patterned on the Chinese Tang capital at Chang'an, as was Nara, but on a larger scale than Nara. Kammu endeavoured to improve the Tang-style administrative system which was in use. Known as the ritsuryō, this system attempted to recreate the Tang imperium in Japan, despite the "tremendous differences in the levels of development between the two countries". Despite the decline of the Taika-Taihō reforms, imperial government was vigorous during the early Heian period. Indeed, Kammu's avoidance of drastic reform decreased the intensity of political struggles, and he became recognized as one of Japan's most forceful emperors.The first human inhabitants of the Japanese archipelago have been traced to the Paleolithic, around 38–39,000 years ago. The Jōmon period, named after its cord-marked pottery, was followed by the Yayoi period in the first millennium BC when new inventions were introduced from Asia. During this period, the first known written reference to Japan was recorded in the Chinese Book of Han in the first century AD.
Around the 3rd century BC, the Yayoi people from the continent immigrated to the Japanese archipelago and introduced iron technology and agricultural civilization. Because they had an agricultural civilization, the population of the Yayoi began to grow rapidly and ultimately overwhelmed the Jōmon people, natives of the Japanese archipelago who were hunter-gatherers.
Between the fourth and ninth centuries, Japan's many kingdoms and tribes gradually came to be unified under a centralized government, nominally controlled by the Emperor of Japan. The imperial dynasty established at this time continues to this day, albeit in an almost entirely ceremonial role. In 794, a new imperial capital was established at Heian-kyō (modern Kyoto), marking the beginning of the Heian period, which lasted until 1185. The Heian period is considered a golden age of classical Japanese culture. Japanese religious life from this time and onwards was a mix of native Shinto practices and Buddhism.
Over the following centuries, the power of the imperial house decreased, passing first to great clans of civilian aristocrats — most notably the Fujiwara — and then to the military clans and their armies of samurai. The Minamoto clan under Minamoto no Yoritomo emerged victorious from the Genpei War of 1180–85, defeating their rival military clan, the Taira. After seizing power, Yoritomo set up his capital in Kamakura and took the title of shōgun. In 1274 and 1281, the Kamakura shogunate withstood two Mongol invasions, but in 1333 it was toppled by a rival claimant to the shogunate, ushering in the Muromachi period. During this period, regional warlords called daimyō grew in power at the expense of the shōgun. Eventually, Japan descended into a period of civil war. Over the course of the late 16th century, Japan was reunified under the leadership of the prominent daimyō Oda Nobunaga and his successor, Toyotomi Hideyoshi. After Toyotomi's death in 1598, Tokugawa Ieyasu came to power and was appointed shōgun by the emperor. The Tokugawa shogunate, which governed from Edo (modern Tokyo), presided over a prosperous and peaceful era known as the Edo period (1600–1868). The Tokugawa shogunate imposed a strict class system on Japanese society and cut off almost all contact with the outside world.
Portugal and Japan came into contact in 1543, when the Portuguese became the first Europeans to reach Japan by landing in the southern archipelago. They had a significant impact on Japan, even in this initial limited interaction, introducing firearms to Japanese warfare. The American Perry Expedition in 1853–54 more completely ended Japan's seclusion; this contributed to the fall of the shogunate and the return of power to the emperor during the Boshin War in 1868. The new national leadership of the following Meiji era (1868–1912) transformed the isolated feudal island country into an empire that closely followed Western models and became a great power. Although democracy developed and modern civilian culture prospered during the Taishō period (1912–1926), Japan's powerful military had great autonomy and overruled Japan's civilian leaders in the 1920s and 1930s. The Japanese military invaded Manchuria in 1931, and from 1937 the conflict escalated into a prolonged war with China. Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 led to war with the United States and its allies. Japan's forces soon became overextended, but the military held out in spite of Allied air attacks that inflicted severe damage on population centers. Emperor Hirohito announced Japan's surrender on 15 August 1945, following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and the Soviet invasion of Manchuria.
The Allies occupied Japan until 1952, during which a new constitution was enacted in 1947 that transformed Japan into the constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy it is today. After 1955, Japan enjoyed very high economic growth under the governance of the Liberal Democratic Party, and became a world economic powerhouse. Since the Lost Decade of the 1990s, Japanese economic growth has slowed.

== Prehistoric and ancient Japan ==

=== Paleolithic period ===

Hunter-gatherers arrived in Japan in Paleolithic times, with the oldest evidence dating to around 38–40,000 years ago. Little evidence of their presence remains, as Japan's acidic soils tend to degrade bone remains. However, the discovery of unique edge-ground axes in Japan dated to over 30,000 years ago may be evidence of the first Homo sapiens in Japan. Early humans likely arrived in Japan by sea on watercraft. Evidence of human habitation has been dated to 32,000 years ago in Okinawa's Yamashita Cave and up to 20,000 years ago on Ishigaki Island's Shiraho Saonetabaru Cave. Evidence has been found suggesting that Japan's Paleolithic inhabitants interacted with and butchered now extinct megafauna, including the elephant Palaeoloxodon naumanni, and the giant deer Sinomegaceros yabei.

=== Jōmon period ===

The Jōmon period of prehistoric Japan spans from roughly 13,000 BC to about 1,000 BC. Japan was inhabited by a predominantly hunter-gatherer culture that reached a considerable degree of sedentism and cultural complexity. The name Jōmon, meaning "cord-marked", was first applied by American scholar Edward S. Morse, who discovered shards of pottery in 1877. The pottery style characteristic

Question: Which sibling of Shu Yu, from the capital of China that was an inspiration for Kanmu's government, can be identified?

Question: Kanmu modeled his government after what Chinese capital?

Answer: Tang

Question: Shu Yu of #1 >> sibling

Answer: King Cheng of Zhou

Answer: King Cheng of Zhou

Who is the sibling of Shu Yu from the Chinese capital that Kanmu modeled his government after?


Imperialism

rotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union, creating the model for subsequent inward looking Stalinist states and purging the early Internationalist elements. The internationalist tendencies of the early revolution would be abandoned until they returned in the framework of a client state in competition with the Americans during the Cold War. With the beginning of the new era, the after Stalin period called the "thaw", in the late 1950s, the new political leader Nikita Khrushchev put even more pressure on the Soviet-American relations starting a new wave of anti-imperialist propaganda. In his speech on the UN conference in 1960, he announced the continuation of the war on imperialism, stating that soon the people of different countries will come together and overthrow their imperialist leaders. Although the Soviet Union declared itself anti-imperialist, critics argue that it exhibited tendencies common to historic empires. Some scholars hold that the Soviet Union was a hybrid entity containing elements common to both multinational empires and nation states. It has also been argued that the USSR practiced colonialism as did other imperial powers and was carrying on the old Russian tradition of expansion and control. Mao Zedong once argued that the Soviet Union had itself become an imperialist power while maintaining a socialist façade. Moreover, the ideas of imperialism were widely spread in action on the higher levels of government. Non Russian Marxists within the Russian Federation and later the USSR, like Sultan Galiev and Vasyl Shakhrai, considered the Soviet Regime a renewed version of the Russian imperialism and colonialism.Trotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union, creating the model for subsequent inward looking Stalinist states and purging the early Internationalist elements. The internationalist tendencies of the early revolution would be abandoned until they returned in the framework of a client state in competition with the Americans during the Cold War. With the beginning of the new era, the after Stalin period called the "thaw", in the late 1950s, the new political leader Nikita Khrushchev put even more pressure on the Soviet-American relations starting a new wave of anti-imperialist propaganda. In his speech on the UN conference in 1960, he announced the continuation of the war on imperialism, stating that soon the people of different countries will come together and overthrow their imperialist leaders. Although the Soviet Union declared itself anti-imperialist,Trotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union, creating the model for subsequent inward looking Stalinist states and purging the early Internationalist elements. The internationalist tendencies of the early revolution would be abandoned until they returned in the framework of a client state in competition with the Americans during the Cold War. With the beginning of the new era, the after Stalin period called the "thaw", in the late 1950s, the new political leader Nikita Khrushchev put even more pressure on the Soviet-American relations starting a new wave of anti-imperialist propaganda. In his speech on the UN conference in 1960, he announced the continuation of the war on imperialism, stating that soon the people of different countries will come together and overthrow their imperialist leaders. Although the Soviet Union declared itself anti-imperialist, critics argue that it exhibited tendencies common to historic empires. Some scholars hold that the Soviet Union was a hybrid entity containing elements common to both multinational empires and nation states. It has also been argued that the USSR practiced colonialism as did other imperial powers and was carrying on the old Russian tradition of expansion and control. Mao Zedong once argued that the Soviet Union had itself become an imperialist power while maintaining a socialist façade. Moreover, the ideas of imperialism were widely spread in action on the higher levels of government. Non Russian Marxists within the Russian Federation and later the USSR, like Sultan Galiev and Vasyl Shakhrai, considered the Soviet Regime a renewed version of the Russian imperialism and colonialism.Trotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union, creating the model for subsequent inward looking Stalinist states and purging the early Internationalist elements. The internationalist tendencies of the early revolution would be abandoned until they returned in the framework of a client state in competition with the Americans during the Cold War. With the beginning of the new era, the after Stalin period called the "thaw", in the late 1950s, the new political leader Nikita Khrushchev put even more pressure on the Soviet-American relations starting a new wave of anti-imperialist propaganda. In his speech on the UN conference in 1960, he announced the continuation of the war on imperialism, stating that soon the people of different countries will come together and overthrow their imperialist leaders. Although the Soviet Union declared itself anti-imperialist, critics argue that it exhibited tendencies common to historic empires. Some scholars hold that the Soviet Union was a hybrid entity containing elements common to both multinational empires and nation states. It has also been argued that the USSR practiced colonialism as did other imperial powers and was carrying on the old Russian tradition of expansion and control. Mao Zedong once argued that the Soviet Union had itself become an imperialist power while maintaining a socialist façade. Moreover, the ideas of imperialism were widely spread in action on the higher levels of government. Non Russian Marxists within the Russian Federation and later the USSR, like Sultan Galiev and Vasyl Shakhrai, considered the Soviet Regime a renewed version of the Russian imperialism and colonialism.Trotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union, creating the model for subsequent inward looking Stalinist states and purging the early Internationalist elements. The internationalist tendencies of the early revolution would be abandoned until they returned in the framework of a client state in competition with the Americans during the Cold War. With the beginning of the new era, the after Stalin period called the "thaw", in the late 1950s, the new political leader Nikita Khrushchev put even more pressure on the Soviet-American relations starting a new wave of anti-imperialist propaganda. In his speech on the UN conference in 1960, he announced the continuation of the war on imperialism, stating that soon the people of different countries will come together and overthrow their imperialist leaders. Although the Soviet Union declared itself anti-imperialist, critics argue that it exhibited tendencies common to historic empires. Some scholars hold that the Soviet Union was a hybrid entity containing elements common to both multinational empires and nation states. It has also been argued that the USSR practiced colonialism as did other imperial powers and was carrying on the old Russian tradition of expansion and control. Mao Zedong once argued that the Soviet Union had itself become an imperialist power while maintaining a socialist façade. Moreover, the ideas of imperialism were widely spread in action on the higher levels of government. Non Russian Marxists within the Russian Federation and later the USSR, like Sultan Galiev and Vasyl Shakhrai, considered the Soviet Regime a renewed version of the Russian imperialism and colonialism.Trotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union, creating the model for subsequent inward looking Stalinist states and purging the early Internationalist elements. The internationalist tendencies of the early revolution would be abandoned until they returned in the framework

Korean War

 People's Republic of China (PRC). On 4 August 1950, with the PRC invasion of Taiwan aborted, Mao Zedong reported to the Politburo that he would intervene in Korea when the People's Liberation Army's (PLA) Taiwan invasion force was reorganized into the PLA North East Frontier Force. China justified its entry into the war as a response to "American aggression in the guise of the UN".The Korean War was a major conflict of the Cold War and among the most destructive conflicts of the modern era, with approximately 3 million killed, most of whom were civilians. It resulted in the destruction of virtually all of Korea's major cities, with thousands of massacres committed by both sides—including the mass killing of tens of thousands of suspected communists by the South Korean government, and the torture and starvation of prisoners of war by the North Koreans. North Korea became among the most heavily bombed countries in history.

== Civilian deaths and massacres ==

Around 3 million people died in the Korean War, the majority of whom were civilians, possibly making it the deadliest conflict of the Cold War era. Although only rough estimates of civilian fatalities are available, scholars from Guenter Lewy to Bruce Cumings have noted that the percentage of civilian casualties in Korea was higher than in World War II or the Vietnam War, with Cumings putting civilian casualties at 2 million and Lewy estimating civilian deaths in the range of 2 million to 3 million.
Cumings states that civilians represent at least half of the war's casualties, while Lewy suggests that the civilian portion of the death toll may have gone as high as 70%, compared to Lewy's estimates of 42% in World War II and 30%–46% in the Vietnam War. Data compiled by the Peace Research Institute Oslo lists just under 1 million battle deaths over the course of the Korean War (with a range of 644,696 to 1.5 million) and a mid-value estimate of 3 million total deaths (with a range of 1.5 million to 4.5 million), attributing the difference to excess mortality among civilians from one-sided massacres, starvation, and disease. Compounding this devastation for Korean civilians, virtually all major cities on the Korean Peninsula were destroyed as a result of the war. In both per capita and absolute terms, North Korea was the country most devastated by the war. According to Charles K. Armstrong, the war resulted in the death of an estimated 12%–15% of the North Korean population (c. 10 million), "a figure close to or surpassing the proportion of Soviet citizens killed in World War II".

There were numerous atrocities and massacres of civilians throughout the Korean War committed by both sides, starting in the war's first days. In 2005–2010, a South Korean Truth and Reconciliation Commission investigated atrocities and other human rights violations through much of the 20th century, from the Japanese colonial period through the Korean War and beyond. It excavated some mass graves from the Bodo League massacres and confirmed the general outlines of those political executions. Of the Korean War-era massacres the commission was petitioned to investigate, 82% were perpetrated by South Korean forces, with 18% perpetrated by North Korean forces.
The commission also received petitions alleging more than 200 large-scale killings of South Korean civilians by the U.S. military during the war, mostly air attacks. It confirmed several such cases, including refugees crowded into a cave attacked with napalm bombs, which survivors said killed 360 people, and an air attack that killed 197 refugees gathered in a field in the far south. It recommended South Korea seek reparations from the United States, but in 2010, a reorganized commission under a new, conservative government concluded that most U.S. mass killings resulted from "military necessity", while in a small number of cases, they concluded, the U.S. military had acted with "low levels of unlawfulness", but the commission recommended against seeking reparations.

== Abuse of prisoners of war ==On 27 June 1950, two days after the KPA invaded and three months before the Chinese entered the war, President Truman dispatched the United States Seventh Fleet to the Taiwan Strait, to prevent hostilities between the Nationalist Republic of China (Taiwan) and the People's Republic of China (PRC). On 4 August 1950, with the PRC invasion of Taiwan aborted, Mao Zedong reported to the Politburo that he would intervene in Korea when the People's Liberation Army's (PLA) Taiwan invasion force was reorganized into the PLA North East Frontier Force. China justified its entry into the war as a response to "American aggression in the guise of the UN". rough estimates of civilian fatalities are available, scholars from Guenter Lewy to Bruce Cumings have noted that the percentage of civilian casualties in Korea was higher than in World War II or the Vietnam War, with Cumings putting civilian casualties at 2 million and Lewy estimating civilian deaths in the range of 2 million to 3 million

Central Intelligence Agency

 even from the head of the CIA. Most CIA stations had two station chiefs, one working for the OSO, and one who created the Central Intelligence Group under the direction of a director of central intelligence by presidential directive on January 22, 1946. The agency's creation was authorized by the National Security Act of 1947On 18 June 1948, the National Security Council issued Directive 10/2 calling for covert action against the USSR, and granting the authority to carry out covert operations against "hostile foreign states or groups" that could, if needed, be denied by the U.S. government. To this end, the Office of Policy Coordination was created inside the new CIA. The OPC was quite unique; Frank Wisner, the head of the OPC, answered not to the CIA Director, but to the secretaries of defense, state, and the NSC, and the OPC's actions were a secret even from the head of the CIA. Most CIA stations had two station chiefs, one working for the OSO, and one working for the OPC.. The agency's creation was authorized by the National Security Act of 1947.
Unlike the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), which is aOn 18 June 1948, the National Security Council issued Directive 10/2 calling for covert action against the USSR, and granting the authority

Question: In which location did the individual, who argued that the nation referred to as Directive 10/2 had evolved into an imperialistic force, vowed to intervene in the disagreement in Korea?

Question: Directive 10/2 called for actions against who?

Answer: the USSR

Question: Who argued that the #1 had itself become an imperialist power?

Answer: Mao Zedong

Question: Where did #2 declare that he would intervene in the Korean conflict?

Answer: the Politburo

Answer: the Politburo

Where did the arguer that the country Directive 10/2 called for actions against had become an imperialist power declare he would intervene in the Korean conflict?


Thelma & Louise

Thelma & Louise is a 1991 American road film produced by Ridley Scott and Mimi Polk Gitlin, directed by Scott and written by Callie Khouri. It stars Geena Davis as Thelma and Susan Sarandon as Louise, two friends who embark on a road trip with unforeseen consequences. The supporting cast include Harvey Keitel, Michael Madsen, and Brad Pitt, whose career was launched by the film.in one of his first major roles). Filming took place in California and Utah from June to August 1990.
Following its premiere at the 44th Cannes Film Festival on May 20, 1991, Thelma & Louise was theatrically released in the United States on May 24. It became a critical and commercial success, receiving six nominations at the 64th Academy Awards, with Khouri winning Best Original Screenplay. Scott was nominated for Best Director, and both Sarandon and Davis were nominated for Best Actress.
Thelma & Louise has influenced other artistic works, and became a landmark of feminist film. In 2006, the American Film Institute ranked it 78th on its list of most inspiring films. In 2016, the Library of Congress selected the film for preservation in the National Film Registry, finding it "cult

A League of Their Own

ra Lowenstein is put in charge. Scout Ernie Capadino attends an industrial-league softball game in Oregon and likes what he sees in Dottie, the catcher for a local dairy. She is not interested, and is happy with her life, waiting for her husband Bob to return from the war. Her younger sister, Kit Keller, however, is desperate to escape and make something of herself. Capadino is unimpressed by Kit's batting and refuses to watch her pitch, but agrees to take her along if she changes Dottie's mind. Dottie agrees for her sister's sake.
Dottie and Kit travel to Harvey Field in Chicago for tryouts; en route, they force Capadino to accept homely second baseman Marla Hooch. They meet taxi dancer Mae "All-the-Way-Mae" Mordabito and her bestIn 1988, Dottie Hinson (Geena Davis) attends the opening of the new All - American Girls Professional Baseball League (AAGPBL) exhibit at the Baseball Hall of Fame. She sees many of her former teammates and friends, prompting a flashback to 1943. at the Baseball Hall of Fame. She sees pictures of many former teammates and friends, prompting a flashback to 1943.
With World War II threatening to shut down Major League Baseball (MLB), Chicago Cubs owner Walter Harvey persuades his fellow owners to bankroll a women's league. Ira Lowenstein is put in charge. Scout Ernie Capadino attends an industrial-league softball game in Oregon and likes what he sees in Dottie, the catcher for a local dairy. She is not interested, and is happy with her life, waiting for her husband Bob to return from the war. Her younger sister, Kit Keller, however, is desperate to escape and make something of herself. Capadino is unimpressed by Kit's batting and refuses to watch her pitch, but agrees to take her along if she changes Dottie's mind. Dottie agrees for her sister's sake.
Dottie and Kit travel to Harvey Field in Chicago for tryouts; en route, they force Capadino to accept homely second baseman Marla Hooch. They meet taxi dancer Mae "All-the-Way-Mae" Mordabito and her best friend, bouncer Doris Murphy, soft-spoken right fielder Evelyn Gardner, illiterate left fielder Shirley Baker, pitcher/shortstop and former Miss Georgia beauty queen Ellen Sue Gotlander, left field/relief pitcher Betty "Spaghetti" Horn, first baseman Helen Haley and Alice "Skeeter" Gaspers. They and five others constitute the Rockford Peaches, while 48 others make up the Racine Belles, the Kenosha Comets and the South Bend Blue Sox.
The Peaches are managed by former star, Cubs slugger Jimmy Dugan, a cynical alcoholic. He initially treats the whole concept as a joke, forcing Dottie to take over as on-field leader, initially. Dugan is also abrasive toward his players. The team travels with Evelyn's spoiled, bratty son Stillwell and team chaperone Miss Cuthburt. With a Life magazine photographer in the stands, Lowenstein begs the players to do something spectacular, as the league has attracted little attention. Dottie obliges, catching a popped-up ball behind home plate while doing a split. The resulting photograph makes the magazine cover. A publicity campaign draws more people to the ballgames, but the owners remain unconvinced.
The teammates bond. Marla marries a man named Nelson whom she met on a raucous roadhouse outing and leaves the team for the rest of the season, Mae teaches Shirley to read, and Evelyn writes a team song. Lowenstein promotes Dottie as the face of the league, making Kit resentful. Their sibling rivalry intensifies, resulting in Kit's trade to the Racine Belles.
The Peaches end the season with the league's best record, qualifying for the World Series. Jimmy gives Betty a telegram, informing her that her husband was killed in action in the Pacific Theater. Grief-stricken, she leaves the team. That evening, Dottie receives a surprise when Bob shows up, having been wounded and discharged from the Army. Jimmy discovers that Dottie is going home with Bob. Unable to persuade her to play in the World Series, he tells her she will regret her decision.
The Peaches face the Belles in the World Series, which goes the full seven games. Dottie rejoins the Peaches for the seventh game, while Kit is the starting pitcher for the Belles. With the Belles leading by a run in the top of the ninth, Dottie drives in the go-ahead run. Kit is distraught, but gets a second chance when she comes to bat with two outs in the bottom of the ninth. She gets a hit and, ignoring the third base coach's sign to stop, scores the winning run by knocking her sister over at the plate and dislodging the ball from Dottie's hand.
The sellout crowd convinces Harvey to give Lowenstein the owners' support. After the game, the sisters reconcile before Dottie leaves with Bob.
Back in the present at Cooperstown, Dottie is reunited with the other players, including Kit, Capadino and Lowenstein; she sees that Jimmy died a year earlier, in 1987. The surviving Peaches sing Evelyn's team song and pose for a photo. During the closing credits, they play baseball once again at Doubleday Field.

== Cast ==

=== Rockford Peaches ===

=== Others ===

== Production ==

=== Development ===
Director Penny Marshall was inspired by the 1987 TV documentary A League of their Own, about the All American Girls Professional Baseball League. She had never heard of the league, and contacted the film's creators, Kelly Candaele and Kim Wilson, to collaborate with the screenwriters, Babaloo Mandel and Lowell Ganz, on producing a screenplay for 20th Century Fox. Fox eventually passed on the script and Marshall signed with Sony Pictures, which was eager to produce it.

=== Casting ===
On MLB Network's Costas at the Movies in 2013, director Penny Marshall talked about her initial interest in Demi Moore for the part of Dottie Hinson: "Demi Moore, I liked, but by the time we came around, she was pregnant." Debra Winger was then cast as Dottie and spent three months training with the Chicago Cubs in preparation. However, she dropped out of the production four weeks before the start of principal photography, later saying that the casting of Madonna was the reason for her decision. Marshall chose Geena Davis to replace Winger.
USC assistant baseball coach Bill Hughes was the film's technical adviser and put the film's ensemble cast through baseball camp three months before filming.

=== Filming ===
Principal photography began July 10, 1991. Filming the game scenes involved many physical mishaps: Anne Ramsay (Helen Haley) broke her nose with a baseball mitt while trying to catch a ball, and the large bruise seen on actress Renée Coleman's thigh was real.
Discussing the skirts they wore playing in the film, Geena Davis said on MLB Network's Costas at the Movies in 2013, "Some of our real cast,

Question: Which role in A League of Their Own was portrayed by the same actress who embodied the character of Thelma in Thelma and Louise?

Question: who played thelma in the movie thelma and louise

Answer: Geena Davis

Question: who did #1 play in a league of their own

Answer: Dottie Hinson

Answer: Dottie Hinson

What character in A League of their Own was played by the actress who played Thelma in the movie Thelma and Louise?