Slavs

 lines such as race or sex. Slaves may be kept in bondage for life, or for a fixed period of time after which they would be granted freedom. Although slavery is usually involuntary and involves coercion, there are also cases where people voluntarily enter into slavery to pay a debt or earn money due to poverty. In the course of human history, slavery was a typical feature of civilization, and was legal in most societies, but it is now outlawed in most countries of the world, except as a punishment for a crime.
In chattel slavery, the slave is legally rendered the personal property (chattel) of the slave owner. In economics, the term de facto slavery describes the conditions of unfree labour and forced labour that most slaves endure.

Mauritania was the last country in the world to officially ban slavery, in 1981,  with legal prosecution of slaveholders established in 2007. However, in 2019, approximately 40 million people, of whom 26% were children, were still enslaved throughout the world despite slavery being illegal. In the modern world, more than 50% of slaves provide forced labour, usually in the factories and sweatshops of the private sector of a country's economy. In industrialised countries, human trafficking is a modern variety of slavery; in non-industrialised countries, debt bondage is a common form of enslavement, such as captive domestic servants, people in forced marriages, and child soldiers.

== Etymology ==
The word slave was borrowed into Middle English through the Old French esclave which ultimately derives from Byzantine Greek σκλάβος (sklábos) or εσκλαβήνος (ésklab���nos).
According to the widespread view, which has been known since the 18th century, the Byzantine ��κλάβινοι (Sklábinoi), ��σκλαβηνοί (Ésklabēnoí), borrowed from a Slavic tribe self-name *Slověne, turned into σκλάβος, εσκλαβήνος (Late Latin sclāvus) in the meaning 'prisoner of war slave', 'slave' in the 8th/9th century, because they often became captured and enslaved. However this version has been disputed since the 19th century.
An alternative contemporary hypothesis states that Medieval Latin sclāvus via *scylāvus derives from Byzantine σκυλάω (skūláō, skyláō) or σκυλε��ω (skūleúō, skyleúō) with the meaning "to strip the enemy (killed in a battle)" or "to make booty / extract spoils of war". This version has been criticized as well.

== Terminology ==
There is a dispute among historians about whether terms such as "unfree labourer" or "enslaved person", rather than "slave", should be used when describing the victims of slavery. According to those proposing a change in terminology, slave perpetuates the crime of slavery in language by reducing its victims to a nonhuman noun instead of "carry[ing] them forward as people, not the property that they were" (see also People-first language). Other historians prefer slave because the term is familiar and shorter, or because it accurately reflects the inhumanity of slavery, with person implying a degree of autonomy that slavery does not allow.

=== Chattel slavery ===

As a social institution, chattel slavery classes slaves as chattels (personal property) owned by the enslaver; like livestock, they can be bought and sold at will.
Chattel slavery was historically the normal form of slavery and was practiced in places such as the Roman Empire and classical Greece, where it was considered a keystone of society.
Other places where it was extensively practiced include Medieval Egypt, Subsaharan Africa, Brazil, the United States and parts of the Caribbean such as Cuba and Haiti.
The Iroquois enslaved others in ways that “looked very like chattel slavery."
Beginning in the 18th century, a series of abolitionist movements saw slavery as a violation of the slaves' rights as people ("all men are created equal"), and sought to abolish it. Abolitionism encountered extreme resistance but was eventually successful. Several of the states of the United States began abolishing slavery during the American Revolutionary War. The French Revolution tried to abolish slavery in 1794,The word "Slavs" was used in the national anthem of the Slovak Republic (1939–1945), Yugoslavia (1943–1992) and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1992–2003), later Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006).Slavery isThe word "Slavs" was used in the national anthem of the Slovak Republic (1939–1945), Yugoslavia (1943–1992) and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1992–2003), later Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006)., and the person is called a slave or an enslaved person (see § Terminology).
Many historical cases of enslavement occurred as a result of breaking the law, becoming indebted, suffering a military defeat, or exploitation for cheaper labor; other forms of slavery were instituted along demographic lines such as race or sex. Slaves may be kept in bondage for life, or for a fixed period of time after which they would be granted freedom. Although slavery is usually involuntary and involves coercion, there are also cases where people voluntarily enter into slavery to pay a debt or earn money due to poverty. In the course of human history, slavery was a typical feature of civilization, and was legal in most societies, but it is now outlawed in most countries of

Josip Broz Tito

born to a Croat father and a Slovene mother in Kumrovec in what was then Austria-Hungary. Drafted into military service, he distinguished himself, becoming the youngest sergeant major in the Austro-Hungarian Army of that time. After being seriously wounded and captured by the Russians during World War I, he was sent to a work camp in the Ural Mountains. Tito participated in some events of the Russian Revolution in 1917 and the subsequent Russian Civil War. Upon his return to the Balkans in 1920, he enteredIn 1968, Tito offered Czechoslovak leader Alexander Dubček to fly to Prague on three hours notice if Dubček needed help in facing down the Soviets. In AprilIn 1968, Tito offered Czechoslovak leader Alexander Dubček to fly to Prague on three hours notice if Dubček needed help in facing down the Soviets. In April 1969, Tito removed generals Ivan Gošnjak and Rade Hamović in the aftermath of the invasion of Czechoslovakia due to the unpreparedness of the Yugoslav army to respond to a similar invasion of Yugoslavia.

Prague underground (culture)

Prague underground was an underground culture developed in Prague, Czechoslovakia in the late 1960s and 1970s during the Normalization period. The movement was characterized by resistance against conformity, conventions, and consumerism. Because of its non-conformity, it had serious problems with the communist regime which considered it as a political opposition.

United States Army

Currently, the army is divided into the Regular Army, the Army Reserve, and the Army National Guard. The army is also divided into major branches such as Air Defense Artillery, Infantry, Aviation, Signal Corps, Corps of Engineers, and Armor. Before 1903 members of the National Guard were considered state soldiers unless federalized (i.e., activated) by the President. Since the Militia Act of 1903 all National Guard soldiers have held dual status: as National Guardsmen under the authority of the governor of their state or territory and, when activated, as a reserve of the U.S. Army under the authority of the President.Currently, the army is divided into the Regular Army, the Army Reserve, and the Army National Guard. The army is also divided into major branches such as Air Defense Artillery, Infantry, Aviation, Signal Corps, Corps of Engineers, and Armor. Before 1903 members of the National Guard were considered state soldiers unless federalized (i.e., activated) by the President. Since the Militia Act of 1903 all National Guard soldiers have held dual status: as National Guardsmen under the authority of the governor of their state or territory and, when activated, as a reserve of the U.S. Army under the authority of the President.The United States Army (USA) is the land service branch of the United States Armed Forces. It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services, and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution. The Army is the oldest branch of the U.S. military and the most senior in order of precedence. It has its roots in the Continental Army, which was formed on 14 June 1775 to fight against the British for independence during the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783). After the Revolutionary War, the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784 to replace the disbanded Continental Army. The United States Army considers itself a continuation of the Continental Army, and thus considers its institutional inception to be the origin of that armed force in 1775.
The U.S. Army is a uniformed service of the United States and is part of the Department of the Army, which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense. The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant, the secretary of the Army (SECARMY), and by a chief military officer, the chief of staff of the Army (CSA) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. It is the largest military branch, and in the fiscal year 2022, the projected end strength for the Regular Army (USA) was 480,893 soldiers; the Army National Guard (ARNG) had 336,129 soldiers and the U.S. Army Reserve (USAR) had 188,703 soldiers; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,005,725 soldiers. As a branch of the armed forces, the mission of the U.S. Army is "to fight and win our Nation's wars, by providing prompt, sustained land dominance, across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict, in support of combatant commanders". The branch participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force of the United States of America.

== Mission ==
The United States Army serves as

Question: When was the term "Slavs" incorporated into the national anthem of the country that was invaded by Country A which had an unprepared military division including the Air Defense Artillery, thus leading to normalization?

Question: Normalization >> country

Answer: Czechoslovakia

Question: The Air Defense Artillery is a branch of what?

Answer: the Army

Question: What #2 was unprepared for the invasion of #1 ?

Answer: Yugoslavia

Question: When was the word "Slavs" used in the national anthem of #3 ?

Answer: 1943–1992

Answer: 1943–1992

Normalization occurred in Country A that invaded Country B because the military branch that Air Defense Artillery is part of was unprepared. when was the word "Slavs" used in the national anthem of Country B?


Anwer Ali

 Sargodha District. Anwar Ali Noon was elected a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan twice and was considered a friend of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. He was also a founding member of the Pakistan Peoples Party. He retired from active politics in the late 1970s.

== Death and legacy ==
Anwar Ali Noon died on 12 September 2014 at age 90. He was survived by his widow Begum Parween Anwar Noon. His sons include Munawwar Ali Noon, Amjad Ali Noon and Asad Ali Noon. He also had 4 surviving daughters.
Anwar Ali Noon was also a cousin of the former Prime Minister of Pakistan in the 1950s, FPrince Anwer Ali was the son of Emperor Muhammad Shah. After Muhammad Shah was attacked & deposed by Ahmad Shah Abdali in 1748 young Prince Anwer Ali then about 17 & half year old escaped to his grand Aunt Princess Jahanarra & hid in a place in Arrah, Bihar which was infested with bears. Later this place was named by him as Bhaluhipur.MPrince Anwer Ali was the son of Emperor Muhammad Shah. After Muhammad Shah was attacked & deposed by Ahmad Shah Abdali in 1748 young Prince Anwer Ali then about 17 & half year old escaped to his grand Aunt Princess Jahanarra & hid in a place in Arrah, Bihar which was infested with bears. Later this place was named by him as Bhaluhipur. Lahore and then went on to graduate from the Government College, Lahore. He joined the British Indian Army in 1945 and served as an assistant to the British governor in Calcutta. In the Indo-Pakistan War of 1965, he did military duty at the Sargodha Airbase.
His village is Ali Pur Noon, situated in Bhera circle in Bhalwal Tehsil, Sargodha District. Anwar Ali Noon was elected a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan twice and was considered a friend of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. He was also a founding member of the Pakistan Peoples Party. He retired from active politics in the late 1970s.

== Death and legacy ==
Anwar Ali Noon died on 12 September 2014 at age 90. He was survived by his widow Begum Parween Anwar Noon. His sons include Munawwar Ali Noon, Amjad Ali Noon and Asad Ali Noon. He also had 4 surviving daughters.
Anwar Ali Noon was also a cousin of the former Prime Minister of Pakistan in the 1950s, FPrince Anwer Ali was the son of Emperor Muhammad Shah. After Muhammad Shah was attacked & deposed by Ahmad Shah Abdali in 1748 young Prince Anwer Ali then about 17 & half year old escaped to his grand Aunt Princess Jahanarra & hid in a place in Arrah, Bihar which was infested with bears. Later this place was named by him as Bhaluhipur.Malik Anwar Ali Noon (1924 – 12 September 2014) son of Malik Sultan Ali Noon, was a politician and a large landowner of Sargodha, Pakistan. He was a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan in the government of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.

== Early life and career ==
Anwar Ali Noon received his college education from Aitchison College, Lahore and then went on to graduate from the Government College, Lahore. He joined the British Indian Army in 1945 and served as an assistant to the British governor in Calcutta. In the Indo-Pakistan War of 1965, he did military duty at the Sargodha Airbase.
His village is Ali Pur Noon, situated in Bhera circle in Bhalwal Tehsil, Sargodha District. Anwar Ali Noon was elected a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan twice and was considered a friend of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. He was also a founding member of the Pakistan Peoples Party. He retired from active politics in the late 1970s.

== Death and legacy ==
Anwar Ali Noon died on 12 September 2014 at age 90. He was survived by his widow Begum Parween Anwar Noon. His sons include Munawwar Ali Noon, Amjad Ali Noon and Asad Ali Noon. He also had 4 surviving daughters.
Anwar Ali Noon was also a cousin of the former Prime Minister of Pakistan in the 1950s, Feroz Khan Noon.

== References ==

== External links ==
Amjad Ali Noon - ArchivedMalik Anwar Ali Noon (1924 – 12 September 2014) son of Malik Sultan Ali Noon, was a politician and a large landowner of Sargodha, Pakistan. He was a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan in the government of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.

== Early life and

Qudsia Begum

-Mulk, Amir Khan. The emperor was so fascinated by her, that he raised her to the dignity of an empress.
She gave birth to Muhammad Shah's only surviving son, Ahmad Shah Bahadur on 23 December 1725. Her son was, however, brought up by Muhammad Shah's empresses Badshah Begum and Sahiba Mahal.

== Empress dowager ==
In April 1748, Muhammad Shah died. Her son, Ahmad Shah Bahadur, who was in camp with Safdar Jang near Panipat to return to Delhi and claim the throne. On Safdar Jang's advice, he was enthroned at Panipat and returned to Delhi a few days later. Ahmad Shah Bahadur proved to be an ineffective ruler and was strongly influenced by his mother. A series of defeats and internal struggles led to his downfall.
She was successively given the titles of Bai-Ju Sahiba, Nawab Qudsiya, Sahiba-uz-Zamani, Sahibjiu Sahiba, Hazrat Qibla-i-Alam, and Mumtaz Mahal. She was known for her generosity. She gave pension to the Begums and the children of the late emperor not only from the government's purse but also from her own funds. She, however, behaved ruthlessly with Badshah Begum and Sahiba Mahal.
Imperial officials used to sit down at her porch daily and she would hold discussions with them from behind a screen or through the medium of eunuchs. There, officials passed her petitions of the state in envelopes, and eunuchs read them aloud for the Begum to listen and deliver her approvals and judgments and she would pass orders on them without consulting anyone. At the zenith of her power, she displayed levels of magnanimity and charity unheard of in those times. Any person who could manage to get his or her case heard by her was sure to get some benefit or help. A court historian once lamented, "Oh God! That the affairs of Hindustan should be conducted by a woman as foolish as this!"
She had an affair with the eunuch Javed Khan Nawab Bahadur. He had been an assistant controller of the harem servants and manager of the Begums' estates during the late reign. Javed Khan was assassinated by Safdar Jang on 27 August 1752. She and her son grieved him deeply. It is said that she put on white robes and discarded her jewels and ornaments like a widow.
The mansab of commanding 50,000 horse was conferred upon her, and her birthday was celebrated with greater pomp than that of the Emperor Ahmad Shah Bahadur himself. Her brother, Man Khan, a vagabond haunting the lanes and occasionally following the profession of a male dancer in a supporting role for singing girls, was created a mansabdar of 6,000 with the title of Mutaqad-ud-Daulah Bahadur. At a time when the soldiers were mutinying nearly every day due to overdue payments and the Mughal court could not raise even two hundred thousand rupees forQudsia Begum (died 1765), was a wife of Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah and mother of emperor Ahmad Shah Bahadur. She was an administrator and served as de facto regent of India from 1748 to 1754.Qudsia Begum (died 1765), was a wife of Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah and mother of emperor Ahmad Shah Bahadur. She was an administrator and served as de facto regent of India from 1748 to 1754.

Question: Who is Anwer Ali's paternal grandfather?

Question: Anwer Ali >> father

Answer: Muhammad Shah

Question: #1 >> child

Answer: Ahmad Shah Bahadur

Answer: Ahmad Shah Bahadur

Who is the father of the father of Anwer Ali?


Hastings, Nebraska

 country so suitable to cultivation.":��9�� In the 1870s, railroads lured European immigrants to the new state of Nebraska with advertisements. Hastings' first settlers were English, from Liverpool, and were quickly joined by other English, Irish, Germans, Danes, and Germans from Russia.:��9��
Between 1872 and 1880, when the population had grown to 2,800, Hastings was a boomtown. Settlers first built sod houses, dugouts, and shanties, then houses and stores. The city was incorporated in April 1874, and in September 1878, after a five-year Great County Seat War, the county seat was transferred to Hastings from Juniata. However, a fire in 1879 destroyed 33 buildings downtown. The city was rebuilt between 1880 and 1890 in fireproof materials and in a more planned fashion, with characteristically ornateHastings is a city and county seat of Adams County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 24,907 at the 2010 census. It is known as the town where Kool-Aid was invented by Edwin Perkins in 1927, and celebrates that event with the Kool-Aid Days festival every August. Hastings is also known for Fisher Fountain, and during World War II operated the largest Naval Ammunition Depot in the United States. It was chosen because of its centralized location from North to South and East and West in the country. This made it quicker to send ammunition by train to wherever needed. ===
HastHastings is a city and county seat of Adams County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 24,907 at the 2010 census. It is known as the town where Kool-Aid was invented by Edwin Perkins in 1927, and celebrates that event with the Kool-Aid Days festival every August. Hastings is also known for Fisher Fountain, and during World War II operated the largest Naval Ammunition Depot in the United States. It was chosen because of its centralized location from North to South and East and West in the country. This made it quicker to send ammunition by train to wherever needed.

Gerald T. Whelan

Whelan was born in Hastings, Nebraska on May 14, 1925. He graduated from University of Nebraska–Lincoln, obtained a law degree from Creighton University, and practiced law in Hastings.Whelan was born in Hastings, Nebraska on May 14, 1925. He graduated from University of Nebraska–Lincoln, obtained a law degree from Creighton University, and practiced law in Hastings.Gerald T. Whelan  (May 14, 1925 – January 2, 1993) was an American politician who served as the 30th lieutenant governor of Nebraska from 1975 to 1979.
Whelan was born in Hastings, Nebraska on May 14, 1925.  He graduated from University of Nebraska–Lincoln, obtained a law degree from Creighton University, and practiced law in Hastings.
In 1960, Whelan won the Democratic nomination to run for Nebraska's 1st congressional district, and lost to incumbent Republican Phillip Hart Weaver in the general election.
Whelan, with the endorsement of Democratic governor J. James Exon, beat longtime Nebraska politician Terry Carpenter in the Democratic primary in May 1974 for lieutenant governor, and went on to win the general election.  In the 1978 election, Whelan ran for Nebraska Governor, but lost to Charles Thone.

== Personal ==
Whelan married Virginia Kellison (1927–2010) in 1948 and had four children together.

== References ==Gerald T. Whelan  (May 14, 1925 – January 2, 1993) was an American politician who served as the 30th lieutenant governor of Nebraska from 1975 to 1979.
Whelan was born in Hastings, Nebraska on May 14, 1925.  He graduated from University of Nebraska–Lincoln, obtained a law degree from Creighton University, and practiced law in Hastings.
In 1960, Whelan won the Democratic nomination to run for Nebraska's 1st congressional district, and lost to incumbent Republican Phillip Hart Weaver in the general election.
Whelan, with the endorsement of Democratic governor J. James Exon, beat longtime Nebraska politician Terry Carpenter in the Democratic primary in May 1974 for lieutenant governor, and went on to win the general election.  In the 1978 election, Whelan ran for Nebraska Governor, but lost to Charles Thone.

== Personal ==
Whelan married Virginia Kellison (1927–2010) in 1948 and had four children together.

== References ==Gerald T. Whelan  (May 14, 1925 – January 2, 1993) was an American politician who served as the 30th lieutenant governor of Nebraska from 1975 to 1979.
Whelan was born in Hastings, Nebraska on May 14, 1925.  He graduated from University of Nebraska–Lincoln, obtained a law degree from Creighton University, and practiced law in Hastings.
In 1960, Whelan won the Democratic nomination to run for Nebraska's 1st congressional district, and lost to incumbent Republican Phillip Hart Weaver in the general election.
Whelan, with the endorsement of Democratic governor J. James Exon, beat longtime Nebraska politician Terry Carpenter in the Democratic primary in May 1974 for lieutenant governor, and went on to win the general election.  In the 1978 election, Whelan ran for Nebraska Governor, but lost to Charles Thone.

== Personal ==
Whelan married Virginia Kellison (1927–2010) in 1948 and had four children together.

== References ==Gerald T. Whelan  (May 14, 1925 – January 2, 1993) was an American politician who served as the 30th lieutenant governor of Nebraska from 1975 to 1979.
Whelan was born in Hastings, Nebraska on May 14, 1925.  He graduated from University of Nebraska–Lincoln, obtained a law degree from Creighton University, and practiced law in Hastings.
In 1960, Whelan won the Democratic nomination to run for Nebraska's 1st congressional district, and lost to incumbent Republican Phillip Hart Weaver in the general election.
Whelan, with the endorsement of Democratic governor J. James Exon, beat longtime Nebraska politician Terry Carpenter in the Democratic primary in May 1974 for lieutenant governor, and went on to win the general election.  In the 1978 election, Whelan ran for Nebraska Governor, but lost to Charles Thone.

== Personal ==
Whelan married Virginia Kellison (1927–2010) in 1948 and had four children together.

== References ==Gerald T. Whelan  (May 14, 1925 – January 2, 1993) was an American politician who served as the 30th lieutenant governor of Nebraska from 1975 to 1979.
Whelan was born in Hastings, Nebraska on May 14, 1925.  He graduated from University of Nebraska–Lincoln, obtained a law degree from Creighton University, and practiced law in Hastings.
In 1960, Whelan won the Democratic nomination to run for Nebraska's 1st congressional district, and lost to incumbent Republican Phillip Hart Weaver in the general election.
Whelan, with the endorsement of Democratic governor J. James Exon, beat longtime Nebraska politician Terry Carpenter in the Democratic primary in May 1974 for lieutenant governor, and went on to win the general election.  In the 1978 election, Whelan ran for Nebraska Governor, but lost to Charles Thone.

== Personal ==
Whelan married Virginia Kellison (1927–2010) in 1948 and had four children together.

== References ==Gerald T. Whelan  (May 14, 1925 – January 2, 1993) was an American politician who served as the 30th lieutenant governor of Nebraska from 1975 to 1979.
Whelan was born in Hastings, Nebraska on May 14, 1925.  He graduated from University of Nebraska–Lincoln, obtained a law degree from Creighton University, and practiced law in Hastings.
In 1960, Whelan won the Democratic nomination to run for Nebraska's 1st congressional district, and lost to incumbent Republican Phillip Hart Weaver in the general election.
Whelan, with the endorsement of Democratic governor J. James Exon, beat longtime Nebraska politician Terry Carpenter in the Democratic primary in May 1974 for lieutenant governor, and went on to win the general election.  In the 1978 election, Whelan ran for Nebraska Governor, but lost to Charles Thone.

== Personal ==
Whelan married Virginia Kellison (1927–2010) in 1948 and had four children together.

== References ==Gerald T. Whelan  (May 14, 1925 – January 2, 1993) was an American politician who served as the 30th lieutenant governor of Nebraska from 1975 to 1979.
Whelan was born in Hastings, Nebraska on May 14, 1925.  He graduated from University of Nebraska–Lincoln, obtained a law degree from Creighton University, and practiced law in Hastings.
In 1960, Whelan won the Democratic nomination to run for Nebraska's 1st congressional district, and lost to incumbent Republican Phillip

Question: In which county was Gerald T. Whelan born?

Question: Gerald T. Whelan >> place of birth

Answer: Hastings

Question: #1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity

Answer: Adams County

Answer: Adams County

What county is Gerald T. Whelan's birthplace located in?


Westinghouse Playhouse

 then confronted with his two rude children, Buddy (Bobby Diamond) and Nancy (Jacklyn O'Donnell). The following episodes would deal with her troubles and tribulations of dealing with the kids and the housekeeper, Mrs. Harper (Doris Kemper).
The series was canceled after one season.

== Cast ==
Nanette Fabray as Nan McGovern
Wendell Corey as Dan McGovern
Bobby Diamond as Buddy
Jacklyn O'Donnell as Nancy
Mimi Gibson as Barbie McGovern
Doris Kemper as Mrs. Harper

== Episodes ==

== References ==

== External links ==
Westinghouse Playhouse at IMDbWestinghouse Playhouse is an American sitcom that aired from January to July 1961 on NBC. Starring Nanette Fabray, the series was also known as The Nanette Fabray Show and Westinghouse Playhouse Starring Nanette Fabray and Wendell Corey, and it ran under the title Yes, Yes Nanette in syndication.

== Overview ==
The series stars Nanette Fabray, who plays Nan, a successful Broadway star who, after a short courtship, marries Dan McGovern (Wendell Corey), a widower. On their way back to his home in Hollywood Nan learns her new husband has not informed his two children that he was getting marriedWestinghouse Playhouse is an American sitcom that aired from January to July 1961 on NBC. Starring Nanette Fabray, the series was also known as The Nanette Fabray Show, Westinghouse Playhouse Starring Nanette Fabray and Wendell Corey, and ran under the title Yes, Yes Nanette in syndication.WWestinghouse Playhouse is an American sitcom that aired from January to July 1961 on NBC. Starring Nanette Fabray, the series was also known as The Nanette Fabray Show, Westinghouse Playhouse Starring Nanette Fabray and Wendell Corey, and ran under the title Yes, Yes Nanette in syndication..

== Overview ==
The series stars Nanette Fabray, who plays Nan, a successful Broadway star who, after a short courtship, marries Dan McGovern (Wendell Corey), a widower. On their way back to his home in Hollywood Nan learns her new husband has not informed his two children that he was getting married. Nan is then confronted with his two rude children, Buddy (Bobby Diamond) and Nancy (Jacklyn O'Donnell). The following episodes would deal with her troubles and tribulations of dealing with the kids and the housekeeper, Mrs. Harper (Doris Kemper).
The series was canceled after one season.

== Cast ==
Nanette Fabray as Nan McGovern
Wendell Corey as Dan McGovern
Bobby Diamond as Buddy
Jacklyn O'Donnell as Nancy
Mimi Gibson as Barbie McGovern
Doris Kemper as Mrs. Harper

== Episodes ==

== References ==

== External links ==
Westinghouse Playhouse at IMDbWestinghouse Playhouse is an American sitcom that aired from January to July 1961 on NBC. Starring Nanette Fabray, the series was also known as The Nanette Fabray Show and Westinghouse Playhouse Starring Nanette Fabray and Wendell Corey, and it ran under the title Yes, Yes Nanette in syndication.

== Overview ==
The series stars Nanette Fabray, who plays Nan, a successful Broadway star who, after a short courtship, marries Dan McGovern (Wendell Corey), a widower. On their way back to his home in Hollywood Nan learns her new husband has not informed his two children that he was getting marriedWestinghouse Playhouse is an American sitcom that aired from January to July 1961 on NBC. Starring Nanette Fabray, the series was also known as The Nanette Fabray Show, Westinghouse Playhouse Starring Nanette Fabray and Wendell Corey, and ran under the title Yes, Yes Nanette in syndication.Westinghouse Playhouse is an American sitcom that aired from January to July 1961 on NBC. Starring Nanette Fabray, the series was also known as The Nanette Fabray Show and Westinghouse Playhouse Starring Nanette Fabray and Wendell Corey, and it ran under the title Yes, Yes Nanette in syndication.

== Overview ==
The series stars Nanette Fabray

New York City

 though still part of New York County. In 1914, Bronx County was split off from New York County so that each borough was then coterminous with a county.
When the western part of Queens County was consolidated with New York City in 1898, that area became the Borough of Queens. In 1899, the remaining eastern section of Queens County was split off to form Nassau County on Long Island, thereafter making the borough and county of Queens coextensive with each other.

== Terminology ==
The term borough was adopted in 1898 to describe a form of governmental administration for each of the five fundamental constituent parts of the newly consolidated city. Under the 1898 City Charter adopted by the New York State Legislature, a borough is a municipal corporation that is created when a county is merged with populated areas within it. The limited powers of the boroughs are inferior to the authority of the government of New York City, contrasting significantly with the powers of boroughs as that term is used in Connecticut, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, where a borough is an independent level of government, as well as with borough forms used in other states and in Greater London.

== Background ==

New York City is often referred to collectively as the five boroughs, which can unambiguously refer to the city proper as a whole, avoiding confusion with any particular borough or with the Greater New YorkNew York City traces its roots to its 1624 founding as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664. New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the country's largest city since 1790. The Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a globally recognized symbol of the United States and its democracy.The boroughs of New York City are the five major governmental districts that compose New York City. The boroughs are the Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island. Each borough is coextensive with a respective county of the State of New York: The Bronx is Bronx County, Brooklyn is Kings County, Manhattan is New York County, Queens is Queens County, and Staten Island is Richmond County.
All five boroughs came into existence with the creation of modern NewThe television industry developed in New York and is a significant employer in the city's economy. The three major American broadcast networks are all headquartered in New York: ABC, CBS, and NBC. Many cable networks are based in the city as well, including MTV, Fox News, HBO, Showtime, Bravo, Food Network, AMC, and Comedy Central. The City of New York operates a public broadcast service, NYCTV, that has produced several original Emmy Award-winning shows covering music and culture in city neighborhoods and city government. of Queens County were consolidated within one municipal government under a new city charter. All former municipalities within the newly consolidated city were dissolved.
New York City was

Celebrity Big Brother (American TV series)

 public can give their favorite HouseGuest various prizes ranging from luxury items to advantage to help them survive inside the House. Prior to the live season finale,Celebrity Big Brother also known as Big Brother: Celebrity Edition is a spin - off series of the American reality television series Big Brother. This season will air during the winter of the 2017 -- 18 network television season on CBS and will be the second U.S. Big Brother season to air outside the usual summer television season, the first being Big Brother 9 in 2008. Julie Chen will return as host, with Allison Grodner and Rich Meehan returning as executive producers. The season will be produced by Fly on the Wall Entertainment in association with Endemol Shine North America. CBS announced that the series is set to premiere on February 7, 2018 and conclude on February 25, 2018. contestants, known as "HouseGuests,"
who live in a purpose-built house, known as the Big Brother House, with no contact from the outside world. The contestants compete in competitions for safety and for power over the household before voting each other out in an attempt to be the last HouseGuest remaining and win a grand prize. The difference from the parent series is the inclusion of "Celebrity" HouseGuests (those with notoriety prior to participating in the series), the time frame (a month as opposed to 3 months) and a smaller grand prize ($250,000 as opposed to $750,000)
Each season is also transmitted in real-time which allows for greater viewer participation in the form of America's Vote where the public can give their favorite HouseGuest various prizes ranging

Question: When will the TV show Celebrity Big Brother air on the television network that, in addition to ABC and the one airing Westinghouse Playhouse, constitutes one of the main broadcasting companies situated in New York?

Question: What network hosts Westinghouse Playhouse?

Answer: NBC

Question: Along with ABC and #1 , what other major broadcaster is based in New York?

Answer: CBS

Question: when is celebrity big brother coming to #2

Answer: February 7, 2018

Answer: February 7, 2018

When is Celebrity Big Brother coming to the network which, along with ABC and the network which hosts Westinghouse Playhouse, is the other major broadcaster based in NY?


Goosebumpz

 It was released on May 28, 2013, as the third single from his second studio album "Watching Movies with the Sound Off" (2013). The song was produced by American producer Diplo. "Goosebumpz" peaked at number 43 on the US "Billboard" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart."Go"Goosebumpz" is a song by American hip hop recording artist Mac Miller. It was released on May 28, 2013, as the third single from his second studio album "Watching Movies with the Sound Off" (2013). The song was produced by American producer Diplo. "Goosebumpz" peaked at number 43 on the US "Billboard" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.osebumpz" produced by Diplo would be released as the third single from his second studio album Watching Movies with the Sound Off on May 28, 2013 along with the preorder of the album.

== Track listing ==
Digital single

== Charts ==

== Release history ==

== References =="Goosebumpz" is a song by"Goosebumpz" is a song by American hip hop recording artist Mac Miller. It was released on May 28, 2013, as the third single from his second studio album "Watching Movies with the Sound Off" (2013). The song was produced by American producer Diplo. "Goosebumpz" peaked at number 43 on the US "Billboard" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart."Goosebumpz" is a song by American hip hop recording artist Mac Miller. It was released on May 28, 2013, as a promotional single from his second studio album Watching Movies with the Sound Off (2013). The song was produced by American producer Diplo. "Goosebumpz" peaked at number 43 on the US Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.

== Background ==
"Goosebumpz" produced by Diplo would be released as the third single from his second studio album Watching Movies with the Sound Off on May 28, 2013 along with the preorder of the album.

== Track listing ==
Digital single

== Charts ==

== Release history ==

== References =="Goosebumpz" is a song by American hip hop recording artist Mac Miller. It was released on May 28, 2013, as a promotional single from his second studio album Watching Movies with the Sound Off (2013). The song was produced by American producer Diplo. "Goosebumpz" peaked at number 43 on the US Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.

== Background ==
"Goosebumpz" produced by Diplo would be released as the third single from his second studio album Watching Movies with the Sound Off on May 28, 2013 along with the preorder of the album.

== Track listing ==
Digital single

== Charts ==

== Release history ==

== References =="Goosebumpz" is a song by American hip hop recording artist Mac Miller. It was released on May 28, 2013, as a promotional single from his second studio album Watching Movies with the Sound Off (2013). The song was produced by American producer Diplo. "Goosebumpz" peaked at number 43 on the US Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.

== Background ==
"Goosebumpz" produced by Diplo would be released as the third single from his second studio album Watching Movies with the Sound Off on May 28, 2013 along with the preorder of the album.

== Track listing ==
Digital single

== Charts ==

== Release history ==

==

Best Day Ever (mixtape)

tape consists of 16 songs produced by nine producers (predominantly ID Labs).Best Day Ever is the fifth mixtape by American rapper Mac Miller. It was released by Rostrum Records on March 11, 2011, as the follow-up to Miller's acclaimed mixtape K.I.D.S. (2010). The mixtape consists of sixteen songs produced by nine producers (predominantly ID Labs), and includes features from rappers Wiz Khalifa and Phonte.
Four songs from Best Day Ever have music videos: "Donald Trump", "Get Up", "Wear My Hat" and "Best Day Ever".

== Release and promotion ==
Over 20,000 viewers joined Miller for a live video stream prior to the mixtape's release. As of March 2019, the mixtape has received over 1.2 million downloads and 1.5 million streams on its official host, DatPiff. The song "Donald Trump" was released as a single on May 17, 2011. It became his first singles entry on the US Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number 75, and was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Its music video has received over 180 million views on YouTube, and is Miller's most-viewed video. When the video surpassed 16 million views, Donald Trump acknowledged the song on the social networking site Twitter, stating "Who wouldn't be flattered?".
In June 2016, Best Day Ever was remastered and commercially released by Rostrum Records for its fifth anniversary.

== Critical reception ==

The mixtape received favorable reviews, including an "XL" (second highest) from XXL magazine.

== Commercial performance ==
Following Miller's death on September 7, 2018, Best Day Ever debuted at number 26 on the US Billboard 200 with 17,000 album-equivalent units.

== Track listing ==
Credits adapted from DatPiff and Spotify.

Notes

^[a]  signifies an additional producer

== Charts ==

== References ==Best Day Ever is the fifth mixtape by American rapper Mac Miller. It was released by Rostrum Records on March 11, 2011, as the follow-up to Miller's acclaimed mixtape K.I.D.S. (2010). The mixtape consists of sixteen songs produced by nine producers (predominantly ID Labs), and includes features from rappers Wiz Khalifa and Phonte.
Four songs from Best Day Ever have music videos: "Donald Trump", "Get Up", "Wear My Hat" and "Best Day Ever".

== Release and promotion ==
Over 20,000 viewers joined Miller for a live video stream prior to the mixtape's release. As of March 2019, the mixtape has received over 1.2 million downloads and 1.5 million streams on its official host, DatPiff. The song "Donald Trump" was released as a single on May 17, 2011.Best Day Ever is the fifth mixtape by American rapper Mac Miller. This mixtape was released online March 11, 2011. Over 20,000 viewers joined Miller for a live video stream just prior to releasing the tape. The mixtape consists of 16 songs produced by nine producers (predominantly ID Labs).), and includes features from rappers Wiz Khalifa and Phonte.
Four songsBest Day Ever is the fifth mixtape by American rapper Mac Miller. This mixtape was released online March 11, 2011. Over 20,000 viewers joined Miller for a live video stream just prior to releasing the tape. The mixtape consists of 16 songs produced by nine producers (predominantly ID Labs).Best Day Ever is the fifth mixtape by American rapper Mac Miller. It was released by Rostrum Records on March 11, 2011, as the follow-up to Miller's acclaimed mixtape K.I.D.S. (2010). The mixtape consists of sixteen songs produced by nine producers (predominantly ID Labs), and includes features from rappers Wiz Khalifa and Phonte.
Four songs from Best Day Ever have music videos: "Donald Trump", "Get Up", "Wear My Hat" and "Best Day Ever".

== Release and promotion ==
Over 20,000 viewers joined Miller for a live video stream prior to the mixtape's release. As of March 2019, the mixtape has received over 1.2 million downloads and 1.5 million streams on its official host, DatPiff. The song "Donald Trump" was released as a single on May 17, 2011. It became his first singles entry on the US Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number 75, and was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Its music video has received over 180 million views on YouTube, and is Miller's most-viewed video. When the video surpassed 16 million views, Donald Trump acknowledged the song on the social networking site Twitter, stating "Who wouldn't be flattered?".
In June 2016, Best Day Ever was remastered and commercially released by Rostrum Records for its fifth anniversary.

== Critical reception ==

The mixtape received favorable reviews, including an "XL" (second highest) from XXL magazine.

== Commercial performance ==
Following Miller's death on September 7, 2018, Best Day Ever debuted at number 26 on the US Billboard 200 with 17,000 album-equivalent units.

== Track listing ==
Credits adapted from DatPiff and Spotify.

Notes

^[a]  signifies an additional producer

== Charts ==

== References ==Best Day Ever is the fifth mixtape by American rapper Mac Miller. It was released by Rostrum Records on March 11, 2011, as the follow-up to Miller's acclaimed mixtape K.I.D.S. (2010). The mixtape consists of sixteen songs produced by nine producers (predominantly ID Labs), and includes features from rappers Wiz Khalifa and Phonte.
Four songs from Best Day Ever have music videos: "Donald Trump", "Get Up", "Wear My Hat" and "Best Day Ever".

== Release and promotion ==
Over 20,000 viewers joined Miller for a live video stream prior to the mixtape's release. As of March 2019, the mixtape has received

Question: When was the song 'Best Day Ever' released by the artist who also performed 'Goosebumpz'?

Question: Goosebumpz >> performer

Answer: Mac Miller

Question: when did #1 release best day ever

Answer: March 11, 2011

Answer: March 11, 2011

When did the performer of Goosebumpz release best day ever?


Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission of Truth and Friendship

 violations committed by state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral.The Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission on Truth and Friendship (more commonly known by its Portuguese acronym CVA, Comissão Verdade e Amizade) was a truth commission established jointly by the governments of Indonesia and East Timor in August 2005. The commission was officially created to investigate acts of violence that occurred around the independence referendum held in East Timor in 1999 and sought to find the "conclusive truth" behind the events. After holding private hearings and document reviews, the commission handed in the final report on July 15, 2008 to the presidents of both nations, and was fully endorsed by Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, providing the first acknowledgement by the government of Indonesia of the human rights violations committed by state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral.

== Background ==

East Timor was originally colonized by the Portuguese, and remained a colony up until the fall of the military dictatorship in 1974. East Timor declared independence soon afterwards, but Indonesia soon decided to intervene as it became clear that the government of the new state would most likely be leftist. The Indonesian government began Operation Komodo, which was intended to bring about the integration of the East Timorese territory. It began with a propaganda campaign, but after the outbreak of conflict in East Timor, the Indonesian military began a campaign on 7 October starting with an assault on a border post and accumulating with a full-scale invasion utilizing paratroopers and naval support. The United Nations quickly condemned the invasion via resolution, but due to resistance in the Security council, no further action was taken. The United States also tacitly gave their approval, as the dismantling of a pro-communist government helped advance the policy of containment being pursued by the government.
Indonesia occupied the territory for the following two decades. During the administration of the Habibie government, a referendum was held in the occupied area asking if the residents of the area wished to remain a part of Indonesia. Even before the referendum, there was harassment by militia groups in the area, with UN workers being attacked in Maliana. It soon became clear in the wake of the referendum that the referendum result would be overwhelmingly in favor of the "no" option on the ballot; this raised tensions to a boiling point, and within two hours of the announcement of the results, armed militia groups began attacking civilians. Militia continued to attack civilians as they withdrew from the country, and several massacres occurred as the troops filtered out of the area. A UN peacekeeping force known as INTERFET was deployed to stabilize the situation, made up of mostly Australian troops, and was withdrawn with the arrival of normal UN peacekeepers. East Timor eventually transitioned from a UN mandate to an independent country.

== Report ==
The commission itself was announced in August 2006 and sought to establish "the conclusive truth regarding human rights violations to have occurred prior to, immediately after the Popular Consultation on 30 August 1999" as well as "prepare recommendations that can contribute to healing wounds of the past and strengthen friendship". The timing of the commission's creation was criticized by some, as it was believed that it was created to intentionally subvert calls for an international tribunal to deal with the events surrounding the 1999 plebiscite. The commission's mandate allowed it to review documents pertaining to four other inquiries surrounding the events that predated it: "The Indonesian National Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights Violations in East Timor in 1999", "The Indonesian Ad Hoc Human Rights Court on East Timor", "The Special Panels for Serious Crimes", and "The Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation".
The commission was made up of four members appointed from each nation, and these commissioners were instructed to conduct a document review and analyze previous trials and investigations into the subject, including the UN Special Panels for Serious Crimes and Serious Crime Units in Dili, and the report of the Commission of Reception, Truth and Reconciliation of Timor-Leste. The commission also stated its intent to research the "historical background, political dynamics, and institutional structures that shaped events before and during 1999" to "inform its conclusions with a broader understanding of the way in which the causes of the violence in 1999 were connected to previously established institutional structures and practices."
Operating over three years, the commission gave its final report on July 15, 2008, and presented it to the Presidents of Indonesia and East Timor, concluding that "gross human rights violations in the form of crimes against humanity did occur in East Timor in 1999" and that "pro-autonomy militia groups, TNI, the Indonesian civil government, and Polri must all bear institutional responsibility", as well as stating that "from a moral and political perspective the respective states must accept state responsibility for the violations identified in the report." The commission also made recommendations that both nations begin institutional reform enhancing the strength of investigative and prosecuting bodies involved with investigations into the events, as well as forming joint security policy to ensure the safety of individuals in case of the recurrence of violence. It also noted the need to resolve other standing border and security issues between the two nations to allow for more cooperation. Notably, the report gave no recommendations of amnesty or rehabilitation. The report was endorsed by the president of Indonesia, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, making it the first recognition of the Indonesian government's complicity in human rights violations in East Timor by Indonesia.

== Reception ==
In Indonesia and Timor, the report was presented to both governments and accepted by both the Timorese and Indonesian governments. However, Timorese NGO Timor-Leste National Alliance for International Tribunal wrote an open letter in response to the commission's findings with several criticisms, including the lack of public consultation with victims and parliamentary approval of the commission, as well as noting that the commission assigned institutional responsibility rather than individual responsibility, "which is contrary to the principles of international laws which were ratified by the state of Timor-Leste and to Article 160 of its constitution which says that there must be a justice process for crimes against humanity.", as well as stating their belief that the CAVR was a more trustworthy and support worthy commission for the government to support.
Internationally, the report had a mixed reception. Some, such as the War Crimes Studies Center at the University of California, Berkeley, said that the commission could be seen as "widely acknowledged as credible and far-reaching.", noting that the Indonesian government's affirmation of the results was important and that the commission made arguments that "there was credible evidence to indicate that Timorese institutions were also responsible for illegal detentions and possibly other crimes."

== See also ==
History of East Timor
Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor
Indonesian occupation of East Timor
Santa Cruz massacre

== References ==The Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission on Truth and Friendship (more commonly known by its Portuguese acronym CVA, Comissão Verdade e Amizade) was a truth commission established jointly by the governments of Indonesia and East Timor in August 2005. The commission was officially created to investigate acts of violence that occurred around the independence referendum held in East Timor in 1999 and sought to find the "conclusive truth" behind the events. After holding private hearings and document reviews, the commission handed in the final report on July 15, 2008 to the presidents of both nations, and was fully endorsed by Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, providing the first acknowledgement by the government of Indonesia of the human rights violations committed by state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral.

== Background ==

East Timor was originally colonized by the Portuguese, and remained a colony up until the fall of the military dictatorship in 1974. East Timor declared independence soon afterwards, but Indonesia soon decided to intervene as it became clear that the government of the new state would most likely be leftist. The Indonesian government began Operation Komodo, which was intended to bring about the integration of the East Timorese territory. It began with a propaganda campaign, but after the outbreak of conflict in East Timor, the Indonesian military began a campaign on 7 October starting with an assault on a border post and accumulating with a full-scale invasion utilizing paratroopers and naval support. The United Nations quickly condemned the invasion via resolution, but due to resistance in the Security council, no further action was taken. The United States also tacitly gave their approval, as the dismantling of a pro-communist government helped advance the policy of containment being pursued by the government.
Indonesia occupied the territory for the following two decades. DuringThe Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission on Truth and Friendship was a truth commission established jointly by the governments of Indonesia and East Timor in August 2005. The commission was officially created to investigate acts of violence that occurred around the independence referendum held in East Timor in 1999 and sought to find the "conclusive truth" behind the events. After holding private hearings and document reviews, the commission handed in the final report on July 15, 2008 to the presidents of both nations, and was fully endorsed by Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, providing the first acknowledgement by the government of Indonesia of the human rights violations committed by state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral. state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for

Sambas Regency

100. The principal town lies at Sambas.SSambas Regency is a regency in West Kalimantan Province of Indonesia. The regency is one of the original regencies in West Kalimantan. It covers 6,716.52 km, and had a population of 496,120 at the 2010 Census; the latest official estimate (for January 2014) is 513,100. The principal town lies at Sambas.394.70 km2, and had a population ofSambas Regency is a regency in West Kalimantan Province of Indonesia. The regency is one of the original regencies in West Kalimantan. It covers 6,716.52 km, and had a population of 496,120 at the 2010 Census; the latest official estimate (

East Timor

 Viqueque, consisted of Viqueque, Ossu, Uato-Lari, Lacluta, and Uato-Carbau districts.
Ainaro Regency, with its capital at Ainaro, consisted of Ainaro, Maubisse, Hatu-Bullico, Hato-Hudo, and Mape districts.
Manufahi Regency,Democratic Republic of Timor - Leste Repúblika Demokrátika Timór Lorosa'e (Tetum) República Democrática de Timor - Leste (Portuguese) Flag Coat of arms Motto: Unidade, Acção, Progresso (Portuguese) Unidade, Asaun, Progresu (Tetum) (English: ``Unity, Action, Progress '') Anthem: Pátria (Portuguese) (English:`` Fatherland'') Capital and largest city Dili 8 ° 20 ′ S 125 ° 20 ′ E  /  8.34 ° S 125.34 ° E  / - 8.34; 125.34 Coordinates: 8 ° 20 ′ S 125 ° 20 ′ E  /  8.34 ° S 125.34 ° E  / - 8.34; 125.34 Official languages Tetum Portuguese National languages 15 languages (show) Atauru Baikeno Bekais Bunak Fataluku Galoli Habun Idalaka Kawaimina Kemak Makalero Makasae Makuva Mambai Tokodede Religion (2010) 96.9% Roman Catholic 3.1% other religions Demonym East Timorese Timorese Maubere (informal) Government Unitary semi-presidential constitutional republic President Francisco Guterres Prime Minister Mari Alkatiri Legislature National Parliament Formation Portuguese Timor 16th century Independence declared 28 November 1975 Annexation by Indonesia 17 July 1976 Administered by UNTAET 25 October 1999 Independence restored 20 May 2002 Area Total 15,410 km (5,950 sq mi) (154th) Water (%) negligible Population 2015 census 1,167,242 Density 78 / km (202.0 / sq mi) GDP (PPP) 2017 estimate Total $4.567 billion Per capita $5,479 (148th) GDP (nominal) 2014 estimate Total $2.498 billion Per capita $3,330 HDI (2015) 0.605 medium 133rd Currency United States Dollar (USD) Time zone (UTC + 9) Drives on the left Calling code + 670 ISO 3166 code TL Internet TLD. tl Website timor-leste.gov.tl Fifteen further ``national languages ''are recognised by the Constitution. Centavo coins also used.. tp has been phased out.

Question: Who holds the presidential position in the recent sovereign nation that participates in the Commission of Truth and Friendship with the nation that contains Sambas?

Question: Sambas >> country

Answer: Indonesia

Question: #1 –Timor Leste Commission of Truth and Friendship >> country

Answer: East Timor

Question: who is the president of newly declared independent country #2

Answer: Francisco Guterres

Answer: Francisco Guterres

Who is the president of the newly declared independent country that is part of the Commission of Truth and Friendship with the country where Sambas is located?


University of Notre Dame

 in the early 20th century; the team has no conference affiliation and has accumulated 11 consensus national championships, 7 Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members of the College Football Hall of Fame, and 13 of the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Notre Dame teams in other sports, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have won 17 national championships.
Notre Dame became more prominent in the early 20th century, aided by the success of its football team under coach Knute Rockne. Major improvements to the university occurred during Theodore Hesburgh's administration between 1952 and 1987. His administration increased the university's resources, academic programs, and its reputation. Notre Dame's growth has continued in the 21st century. At the end of the fiscal year 2022, its endowment was valued at $20.3 billion.

== History ==

=== Foundations ===
In 1842, the bishop of Vincennes,France, Célestin Guynemer de la Hailandière, offered land to Edward Sorin of the Congregation of Holy Cross, on the condition that he build a college in two years. Stephen Badin, the first priest ordained in the United States, who had come to the area invited by Potawatomi chief Leopold Pokagon to minister to his tribe, had bought these 524 acres (212 ha) of land in 1830. Sorin arrived on the site with eight Holy Cross brothers from France and Ireland on November 26, 1842, and began the school using Badin's old log chapel. After enrolling two students, Sorin soon erected more buildings, including the Old College, the first church, and the first main building. Notre Dame began as a primary and secondary school; in 1844 it received its official college charter from the Indiana General Assembly, under the name  the University of Notre Dame du Lac (University of Our Lady of the Lake). Because the university was originally all-male, the Sisters of the Holy Cross founded the female-only Saint Mary's College near Notre Dame in 1844.

=== Early history ===
The college awarded its first degrees in 1849. As it grew under the presidency of Sorin and his successors, new academic programs were offered and new buildings built to accommodate the growing student and faculty population. The brief presidency of Patrick Dillon (1865–1866) saw the original main building replaced with a larger one, which housed the university's administration, classrooms, and dormitories. Under William Corby's first administration, enrollment at Notre Dame increased to over 500 students. In 1869, he opened the law school, which offered a two-year course of study, and in 1871 he began construction of Sacred Heart Church, today the Basilica of the Sacred Heart. Two years later, Auguste Lemonnier started a library in the Main Building, which had 10,000Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between faith and studies. During his tenure, Notre Dame has increased its endowment, enlarged its student body, and undergone many construction projects on campus, including Compton Family Ice Arena, a new architecture hall, additional residence halls, and the Campus Crossroads, a $400m enhancement and expansion of Notre Dame Stadium.ehaus Architecture Prize.
The university offers more than 50 semester and year-long study programs abroad and over 15 summer programs. Notre Dame maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including the Hesburgh Library and the Raclin Murphy Museum of Art. Most of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 33 residence halls. Notre Dame's network of alumni consist of 151,000 members.
The university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. Notre Dame is noted for its football team, which contributed to its rise to prominence on the national stage in the early 20th century; the team has no conference affiliation and has accumulated 11 consensus national championships, 7 Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members of the College Football Hall of Fame, and 13 of the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Notre Dame teams in other sports, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have won 17 national championships.
Notre Dame became more prominent in the early 20th century, aided by the success of its football team under coach Knute Rockne. Major improvements to the university occurred during Theodore Hesburgh's administration between 1952 and 1987. His administration increased the university's resources, academic programs, and its reputation. Notre Dame's growth has continued in the 21st century. At the end of the fiscal year 2022, its endowment was valued at $20.3 billion.

== History ==

=== Foundations ===
In 1842, the bishop of Vincennes,France, Célestin Guynemer de la Hailandière, offered land to Edward Sorin of the Congregation of Holy Cross, on the condition that he build a college in two years. Stephen Badin, the first priest ordained in the United States, who had come to the area invited by Potawatomi chief Leopold Pokagon to minister to his tribe, had bought these 524 acres (212 ha) of land in 1830. Sorin arrived on the site with eight Holy Cross brothers from France and Ireland on November 26, 1842, and began the school using Badin's old log chapel. After enrolling two students, Sorin soon erected more buildings, including the Old College, the first church, and the first main building. Notre Dame began as a primary and secondary school; in 1844 it received its official college charter from the Indiana General Assembly, under the name  the University of Notre Dame du Lac (University of Our Lady of the Lake). Because the university was originally all-male, the Sisters of the Holy Cross founded the female-only Saint Mary's College near Notre Dame in 1844.

=== Early history ===
The college awarded its first degrees in 1849. As it grew under the presidency of Sorin and his successors, new academic programs were offered and new buildings built to accommodate the growing student and faculty population. The brief presidency of Patrick Dillon (1865–1866) saw the original main building replaced with a larger one, which housed the university's administration, classrooms, and dormitories. Under William Corby's first administration, enrollment at Notre Dame increased to over 500 students. In 1869, he opened the law school, which offered a two-year course of study, and in 1871 he began construction of Sacred Heart Church, today the Basilica of the Sacred Heart. Two years later, Auguste Lemonnier started a library in the Main Building, which had 10,000 volumes by 1879.

Fire destroyed the Main Building and the library collection in April 1879; the school closed immediately and students were sent home. Sorin (then provincial Superior) and President Corby immediately planned for the rebuilding of the structure that

University of Notre Dame

, and 13 of the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Notre Dame teams in other sports, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have won 17 national championships.
Notre Dame became more prominent in the early 20th century, aided by the success of its football team under coach Knute Rockne. Major improvements to the university occurred during Theodore Hesburgh's administration between 1952 and 1987. His administration increased the university's resources, academic programs, and its reputation. Notre Dame's growth has continued in the 21st century. At the end of the fiscal year 2022, its endowment was valued at $20.3 billion.

== History ==

=== Foundations ===
In 1842, the bishop of Vincennes,France, Célestin Guynemer de la Hailandière, offered land to Edward Sorin of the Congregation of Holy Cross, on the condition that he build a college in two years. Stephen Badin, the first priest ordained in the United States, who had come to the area invited by Potawatomi chief Leopold Pokagon to minister to his tribe, had bought these 524 acres (212 ha) of land in 1830. Sorin arrived on the site with eight Holy Cross brothers from France and Ireland on November 26, 1842, and began the school using Badin's old log chapel. After enrolling two students, Sorin soon erected more buildings, including the Old College, the first church, and the first main building. Notre Dame began as a primary and secondary school; in 1844 it received its official college charter from the Indiana General Assembly, under the name  the University of Notre Dame du Lac (University of Our Lady of the Lake). Because the university was originally all-male, the Sisters of the Holy Cross founded the female-only Saint Mary's College near Notre Dame in 1844.

=== Early history ===
The college awarded its first degrees in 1849. As it grew under the presidency of Sorin and his successors, new academic programs were offered and new buildings built to accommodate the growing student and faculty population. The brief presidency of Patrick Dillon (1865–1866) saw the original main building replaced with a larger one, which housed the university's administration, classrooms, and dormitories. Under William Corby's first administration, enrollment at Notre Dame increased to over 500 students. In 1869, he opened the law school, which offered a two-year course of study, and in 1871 he began construction of Sacred Heart Church, today the Basilica of the Sacred Heart. Two years later, Auguste Lemonnier started a library in the Main Building, which had 10,000 volumes by 1879.

Fire destroyed the Main Building and the library collection in April 1879; the school closed immediately and students were sent home. Sorin (then provincial Superior) and President Corby immediately planned for the rebuilding of the structure thatAs of 2012[update] research continued in many fields. The university president, John Jenkins, described his hope that Notre Dame would become "one of the pre–eminent research institutions in the world" in his inaugural address. The university has many multi-disciplinary institutes devoted to research in varying fields, including the Medieval Institute, the Kellogg Institute for International Studies, the Kroc Institute for International Peace studies, and the Center for Social Concerns. Recent research includes work on family conflict and child development, genome mapping, the increasing trade deficit of the United States with China, studies in fluid mechanics, computational science and engineering, and marketing trends on the Internet. As of 2013, the university is home to the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index which ranks countries annually based on how vulnerable they are to climate change and how prepared they are to adapt.TheAs of 2012[update] research continued in many fields. The university president, John Jenkins, described his hope that Notre Dame would become "one of the pre–eminent research institutions in the world" in his inaugural address. The university has many multi-disciplinary institutes devoted to research in varying fields, including the Medieval Institute, the Kellogg Institute for International Studies, the Kroc Institute for International Peace studies, and the Center for Social Concerns. Recent research includes work on family conflict and child development, genome mapping, the increasing trade deficit of the United States with China, studies in fluid mechanics, computational science and engineering, and marketing trends on the Internet. As of 2013, the university is home to the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index which ranks countries annually based on how vulnerable they are to climate change and how prepared they are to adapt.ehaus Architecture Prize.
The university offers more than 50 semester and year-long study programs abroad and over 15 summer programs. Notre Dame maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including the Hesburgh Library and the Raclin Murphy Museum of Art. Most of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 33 residence halls. Notre Dame's network of alumni consist of 151,000 members.
The university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. Notre Dame is noted for its football team, which contributed to its rise to prominence on the national stage in the early 20th century; the team has no conference affiliation and has accumulated 11 consensus national championships, 7 Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members of the College Football Hall of Fame, and 13 of the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Notre Dame teams in other sports, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have won 17 national championships.
Notre Dame became more prominent in the early 20th century, aided by the success of its football team under coach Knute Rockne. Major improvements to the university occurred during Theodore Hesburgh's administration between 1952 and 1987. His administration increased the university's resources, academic programs, and its reputation. Notre Dame's growth has continued in the 21st century. At the end of the fiscal year 2022, its endowment was valued at $20.3 billion.

== History ==

=== Foundations ===
In 1842, the bishop of Vincennes,France, Célestin Guynemer de la Hailandière, offered land to Edward Sorin of the Congregation of Holy Cross, on the condition that he build a college in two years. Stephen Badin, the first priest ordained in the United States, who had come to the area invited by Potawatomi chief Leopold Pokagon to minister to his tribe, had bought these 524 acres (212 ha) of land in 1830. Sorin arrived on the site with eight Holy Cross brothers from France and Ireland on November 26, 1842, and began the school using Badin's old log chapel. After enrolling two students, Sorin soon erected more buildings, including the Old College, the first church, and the first main building. Notre Dame began as a primary and secondary school; in 1844 it received its official college charter from the Indiana General Assembly, under the name  the University of Notre Dame du Lac (University of Our Lady of the Lake). Because the university was originally all-male, the Sisters of the Holy Cross founded the female-only Saint Mary's College near Notre Dame in 1844.

=== Early history ===
The college awarded its first degrees in 1849. As it grew under the presidency of Sorin and his successors, new academic programs were offered and new buildings built to accommodate the growing student and faculty population. The brief presidency of Patrick Dillon (1865–1866) saw the original main building replaced with a larger one, which housed the university's administration, classrooms, and dormitories. Under William Corby's first administration, enrollment at Notre Dame increased to over 500 students. In 1869,

Question: In what year did the individual serving as Notre Dame's president in 2012 commence his term?

Question: Who was the president of Notre Dame in 2012?

Answer: John Jenkins

Question: When did #1 become the president of Notre Dame?

Answer: 2005

Answer: 2005

When did the president of Notre Dame in 2012 begin his tenure?


Sports league ranking

 win–loss records
Usually, if a league is divided into conferences and divisions, the league table will also be. Often, a less specific table is also included. For example, National Hockey League tables will normally have a detailed table for each division, plus a table for each conference showing just the points totals.
As an example, below is the league table for the Northeast Division of the National Hockey League, as of March 31, 2004:

Team         GP   W   L   T  OL   GF   GA  Pts
x-Boston     79  40  18  14   7  201  179  101
x-Toronto    80  43  24  10   3  234  204   99
x-Ottawa     79  41  22  10   6  254  178   98
x-Montreal   79  40  28   7   4  201  182   91
Buffalo      79  36  32   7   4  213  210   83

x - clinched a playoff spot
y - clinched the division championship

In the above table, an "'X" placed before a team's name shows that the team has qualified for playoff position; other letters may be used to show that a team is guaranteed first place, has been eliminated from contention and so forth. From this table, we can see that Boston, Toronto, Ottawa and Montreal are all guaranteed playoff positions; the absence of a " y" shows that the division championship is still to play for. Meanwhile, because Buffalo has no symbol at all, they are not out of playoff contention, but have yet to clinch a playoff position. The following day, a new league table would appear in newspapers, updated based on the previous night's games. Of course, the above table would also be accompanied by those of the other divisions in the league.

== Instances ==
Applications include:

In association football (soccer), national teams are ranked in the FIFA World Rankings, the Women's World Rankings and, unofficially, in the World Football Elo Ratings.
In the Olympic Games, each member country (NOC) is ranked based upon gold, silver and bronze medal counts in the Olympic medal rankings.
In basketball, national teams are ranked in the FIBA World Rankings and the Women's World Rankings.
In baseball and softball, national teams are ranked in the WBSC World Rankings.
In ice hockey, national teams are ranked in the IIHF World Ranking.
In golf, the top male golfers are ranked using the Official World Golf Rankings, and the top female golfers are ranked using the Women's World Golf Rankings.
In snooker, players are ranked using the Snooker world rankings.
In tennis, male and female players are ranked using the ATP rankings and WTA rankings respectively, whilst the ITF rankings are used for national Davis Cup and Fed Cup teams.
In road bicycle racing, male cyclists have been ranked using the UCI World Ranking from 2016, having previously been ranked using the UCI Road World Rankings from 1984 to 2004. Female cyclists have been ranked using the UCI Women's Road World Rankings since 1994.
In track cycling riders and nations are ranked using the UCI Track Cycling World Ranking
In chess, players are ranked using the FIDE world rankings.
In sailing, boats are scored directly using the sum of the ranking.
In bridge, matchpoint scoring uses fractional ranking to assign the score.

== See also ==
Games behind – in some sports, a common way to reflect the gap between teams
Group tournament ranking system
Magic number – in some sports, the number of wins needed to clinch a championship

== References ==

== Further reading ==
School league tables for the CISCE examining board in India

== External links ==
Australian Football League ladder
Canadian Football League standings
National Basketball Association standings
National Hockey League standings
National Football League standings
Major League Baseball standings
Major League Soccer standings
Premier League tablesIn sports, standings, rankings, or league tables group teams of a particular league, conference, or division in a chart based on how well each is doing in a particular season of a sports league or competition. These lists are generally published in newspapers and other media, as well as the official web sites of the sports leagues and competitions.

== Formulation ==
The standings shows where each team ranks in their conference or division.  Teams may be ranked in terms of simple winning percentage (the proportion of the games played to date which the team won), or based on total points, with differing numbers of points awarded for wins and ties (draws).  Many league tables show further statistics and may display:

wins
losses
ties (draws)
goal differential (Goals scored minus goals conceded)
goals scored
goals allowed (conceded)
home/away win–loss records
Usually, if a league is divided into conferences and divisions, the league table will also be. Often, a less specific table is also included. For example, National Hockey League tables will normally have a detailed table for each division, plus a table for each conference showing just the points totals.
As an example, below is the league table for the Northeast Division of the National Hockey League, as of March 31, 2004:

Team         GP   W   L   T  OL   GF   GA  Pts
x-Boston     79  40  18  14   7  201  179  101
x-Toronto    80  43  24  10   3  234  204   99
x-Ottawa     79  41  22  10   6  254  178   98
x-Montreal   79  40  28   7   4  201  182   91
Buffalo      79  36  32   7   4  213  210   83

x - clinched a playoff spot
y - clinched the division championship

In the above table, an "'X" placed before a team's name shows that the team has qualified for playoff position; other letters may be used to show that a team is guaranteed first place, has been eliminated from contention and so forthIn a sports league, the ranking of a team is the place where it is within the division. Generally, ranking is based on won-lost record of games, with the team with the best record at the top, and the worst record at the bottom. Another common method is a points-based ranking system, where a team is awarded a certain number of points per win, fewer points per tie, and none for a loss.InIn a sports league, the ranking of a team is the place where it is within the division. Generally, ranking is based on won-lost record of games, with the team with the best record at the top, and the worst record at the bottom. Another common method is a points-based ranking system, where a team is awarded a certain number of points per win, fewer points per tie, and none for a loss. may be ranked in terms of simple winning percentage (the proportion of the games played to date which the team won), or based on total points, with differing numbers of points awarded for wins and ties (draws).  Many league tables show further statistics and may display:

wins
losses
ties (draws)
goal differential (Goals scored minus goals conceded)
goals scored
goals allowed (conceded)
home/away win–loss records
Usually, if a league is divided into conferences and divisions, the league table will also be. Often, a less specific table is also included. For example, National Hockey League tables will normally have a detailed table for each division, plus a table for each conference showing just the points totals.
As an example, below is the league table for the Northeast Division of

Thursday Night Football

 the NFL season; the NFL Kickoff Game and the NFL on Thanksgiving are both broadcast as part of NBC Sports' Sunday Night Football contract and are not included in Thursday Night Football, although the Thanksgiving primetime game was previously part of the package from 2006 until 2011.
In 2014, the NFL shifted the packageThursday Night Football (or simply TNF) is the branding used for broadcasts of National Football League (NFL) games that broadcast primarily on Thursday nights. Most of the games kick off at 8: 25 p.m. Eastern Time, but games in the package also air occasionally on Saturdays in the later portion of the season, as well as a single Sunday morning game from London in the NFL International Series (these games have been branded since 2017 as NFL Network Special).Thursday Night Football (or simply TNF) is the branding used for broadcasts of National Football League (NFL) games that broadcast primarily on Thursday nights. Most of the games kick off at 8: 25 p.m. Eastern Time, but games in the package also air occasionally on Saturdays in the later portion of the season, as well as a single Sunday morning game from London in the NFL International Series (these games have been branded since 2017 as NFL Network Special).these games were branded since 2017 as NFL Network Special).
Debuting on November 23, 2006, the telecasts were originally part of NFL Network's Run to the Playoffs package, which consisted of eight total games broadcast on Thursday and Saturday nights (five on Thursdays, and three on Saturdays, originally branded as Saturday Night Football) during the latter portion of the season. Since 2012, the TNF package has begun during the second week of the NFL season; the NFL Kickoff Game and the NFL on Thanksgiving are both broadcast as part of NBC Sports' Sunday Night Football contract and are not included in Thursday Night Football, although the Thanksgiving primetime game was previously part of the package from 2006 until 2011.
In 2014, the NFL shifted the packageThursday Night Football (or simply TNF) is the branding used for broadcasts of National Football League (NFL) games that broadcast primarily on Thursday nights. Most of the games kick off at 8: 25 p.m. Eastern Time, but games in the package also air occasionally on Saturdays in the later portion of the season, as well as a single Sunday morning game from London in the NFL International Series (these games have been branded since 2017 as NFL Network Special).Thursday Night Football (often abbreviated as TNF) is the branding used for broadcasts of National Football League (NFL) games that broadcast primarily on Thursday nights. Most of the games kick off at 8:15 Eastern Time (8:20 prior to 2022 and 8:25 prior to 2018).
In the past, games in the package also aired occasionally on Saturdays in the later portion of the season, as well as select games from the NFL International Series (these games were branded since 2017 as NFL Network Special).
Debuting on November 23, 2006, the telecasts were originally part of NFL Network's Run to the Playoffs package, which consisted of eight total games broadcast on Thursday and Saturday nights (five on Thursdays, and three on Saturdays, originally branded as Saturday Night Football) during the latter portion of the season. Since 2012, the TNF package has begun during the second week of the NFL season; the NFL Kickoff Game and the NFL on Thanksgiving are both broadcast as part of NBC Sports' Sunday Night Football contract and are not included in Thursday Night Football, although the Thanksgiving primetime game was previously part of the package from 2006 until 2011.
In 2014, the NFL shifted the package to a new model to increase its prominence. The entire TNF package would be produced by a separate rightsholder, who would hold rights to simulcast a portion of the package on their respective network. CBS was the first rightsholder under this model, airing nine games on broadcast television, and producing the remainder of the package to air exclusively on NFL Network to satisfy its carriage agreements. The package was also extended to Week 16 of the season, and included a new Saturday doubleheader split between CBS and NFL Network. On January 18, 2015, CBS and NFL Network extended the same arrangement for a second season. In 2016 and 2017, the NFL continued with a similar arrangement, but adding NBC as a second rightsholder alongside CBS, with each network airing five games on broadcast television each. In 2018, the rights shifted to Fox, through the 2022 season.
In 2016, the NFL also began to sub-license digital streaming rights to the broadcast television portion of the package to third-parties, beginning with Twitter in 2016, and Amazon in 2017—initially on Prime Video, and later being carried freely on Amazon-owned live streaming platform Twitch.
In 2021, it was announced that Amazon had acquired the exclusive rights to Thursday Night Football beginning in the 2023 season under the NFL's new broadcasting deals, marking the first time that the NFL had sold one of its main television packages to a digital media company. NFL Network and Fox ceded the final season of the existing contract to Amazon, resulting in its coverage launching in

Question: What category does the league participating in the Thursday night football match belong to?

Question: who plays in the thursday night football game

Answer: National Football League

Question: #1 >> instance of

Answer: sports league

Answer: sports league

The league playing in the Thursday night football game is a type of what?


Middle Ages

 increase, and technological and agricultural innovations introduced a "commercial revolution". Slavery nearly disappeared, and peasants could improve their status by colonising faraway regions in return for economic and legal concessions. New towns developed from local commercial centers, and urban artisans united into local guilds to protect their common interests. Western church leaders accepted papal supremacy to get rid of lay influence, which accelerated the separation of the western Catholic and eastern Orthodox Churches and triggered the Investiture Controversy between the papacy and secular powers. With the spread of heavy cavalry, a new aristocracy stabilised their position through strict inheritance customs. In the system of feudalism, noble knights owed military service to their lords in return for the lands they had received in fief. Stone castles were built in regions where central authority was weak, but state power was on the rise by the end of the period. The settlement of Western European peasants and aristocrats towards the eastern and southern peripheries of Europe, often spurred by crusades, led to the expansion of Latin Christendom. The spread of cathedral schools and universities stimulated a new method of intellectual discussion, with an emphasis on rational argumentation known as scholasticism. Mass pilgrimages prompted the construction of massive Romanesque churches, while structural innovations led to the development of the more delicate Gothic architecture.
Calamities which included a great famine and the Black Death, which reduced the population by 50 per cent, began the Late Middle Ages in the 14th century. Conflicts between ethnic and social groups intensified and local conflicts often escalated into full-scale warfare, such as the Hundred Years' War. By the end of the period, the Byzantine Empire and the Balkan states were conquered by a new Muslim power: the Ottoman Empire; in the Iberian Peninsula, Christian kingdoms won their centuries-old war against their Muslim neighbours. The prominence of personal faith is well documented, but the Western Schism and dissident movements condemned as heresies presented a significant challenge to traditional power structures in the Western Church. Humanist scholars began to emphasise human dignity, and Early Renaissance architects and artists revived several elements of classical culture in Italy. During the last medieval century, naval expeditions in search for new trade routes introduced the Age of Discovery.

== Terminology and periodisation ==

The Middle Ages is the second of the three major periods in the most enduring scheme of analysing European history: antiquity, the Middle Ages and the modern era. The Italian Leonardo Bruni (d. 1444) was the first to use tripartite periodisation in 1442, and it became standard with the German historian Christoph Cellarius (d. 1707). The adjective "medieval", pertaining to the Middle Ages, derives from medium aevum ("middle age"), a Neo-Latin term first recorded in 1604. It is also spelt "mediaeval" or "mediæval".
It customarily spans the period between c.��500 and 1500, but its start and end years are arbitrary. A common starting point, first used by Bruni, is 476: the year the last Western Roman Emperor was deposed. As an alternative, the conversion of the Roman emperor Constantine the Great (r.��306–337) to Christianity is cited. There is no universally-agreed-upon end date; the most frequently-used dates include 1453 (the fall of Constantinople), 1492 (Christopher Columbus's first voyage to the Americas), and 1517 (the beginning of the Protestant Reformation).
Europe, according to historian Miri Rubin, "did not live to a single rhythm over this period". ChristianisationJewish communities were expelled from England in 1290 and from France in 1306. Although some were allowed back into France, most were not, and many Jews emigrated eastwards, settling in Poland and Hungary. The Jews were expelled from Spain in 1492, and dispersed to Turkey, France, Italy, and Holland. The rise of banking in Italy during the 13th century continued throughout the 14th century, fuelled partly by the increasing warfare of the period and the needs of the papacy to move money between kingdoms. Many banking firms loaned money to royalty, at great risk, as some were bankrupted when kings defaulted on their loans.[AE]In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period (also spelt mediaeval or mediæval) lasted from approximately 500 to 1500 AD. It is the second of the three traditional divisions of Western history: antiquity, medieval, and modern. Major developments include the economic predominance of agriculture, exploitation of the peasantry, slow inter-regional communication, the importance of personal relationships in power structures, and the weakness of state administration. The period is sometimes subdivided into the Early, High, and Late Middle Ages, and the early medieval period is alternatively referred to as the Dark Ages.
Population decline, counterurbanisation, the collapse of centralised authority, the mass migration of tribes (mainly Germanic peoples), and Christianisation, which had begun in late antiquity, continued into the Early Middle Ages. The movement of peoples led to the disintegration of the Western Roman Empire and the rise of new kingdoms. In the post-Roman world, taxation declined, the army was financed through land grants,Chivalry and the ethos of courtly love developed in royal and noble courts. This culture was expressed in the vernacular languages rather than Latin, and comprised poems, stories, legends, and popular songs spread by troubadours, or wandering minstrels. Often the stories were written down in the chansons de geste, or "songs of great deeds", such as The Song of Roland or The Song of Hildebrand. Secular and religious histories were also produced. Geoffrey of Monmouth (d. c. 1155) composed his Historia Regum Britanniae, a collection of stories and legends about Arthur. Other works were more clearly history, such as Otto von Freising's (d. 1158) Gesta Friderici Imperatoris detailing the deeds of Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, or William of Malmesbury's (d. c. 1143) Gesta Regum on the kings of England. the mass migration of tribes (mainly Germanic peoples), and Christianisation, which had begun in late antiquity, continued into the Early Middle Ages. The movement of peoples led to the disintegration of the Western Roman Empire and the rise of new kingdoms. In the post-Roman world, taxation declined, the army was financed through land grants, and the blending

Liam Garrigan

. After attending Endsleigh Primary School and St Mary's, Garrigan studied at Wyke Sixth Form College, where he focused on theatre studies, history and English literature, while continuing acting classes at Northern Theatre, as well as giving performances at the National Theatre and the Edinburgh Festival. During his time at Wyke, he began working on audition pieces for drama school,Liam Thomas Garrigan (born 17 October 1981) is an English theatre and television actor. As a youth he attended classes at Kingston upon Hull's Northern Stage Company and was a student at Wyke College, Kingston upon Hull. His first television role was as Nic Yorke in the BBC continuing drama series Holby City. He is best known for his roles as Ian Al - Harazi on the Fox series 24: Live Another Day and King Arthur in the ABC series Once Upon a Time and Transformers: The Last Knight.6), the film Transformers: The Last Knight (2017), and as Thomas Jopson on AMC's The Terror (2018). He also provides the voice for Captain Kurt in the role-playing game GreedFall.

== Career ==
Garrigan was sent to musical theatre classes by his mother at an early age. He was five years old when he played a munchkin in Northern Theatre's production of The Wizard of Oz, and he later began, at age seven, to have one-on-one acting lessons with Northern Theatre's founder Richard Green. After attending Endsleigh Primary School and St Mary's, Garrigan studied at Wyke Sixth Form College, where he focused on theatre studies, history and English literature, while continuing acting classes at Northern Theatre, as well as giving performances at the National Theatre and the Edinburgh Festival. During his time at Wyke, he began working on audition pieces for drama school, with his eventual admission into the Guildhall School of Music and Drama, where he trained to be a professional actor.
He has appeared in BBC TV dramas Holby City, Doctors, The Chase and ITV1's Agatha Christie's Marple. He also portrayed Alfred in the Starz TV miniseries The Pillars of the Earth. He appeared in Ultimate Force as Corporal Edward Dwyer during the third series. He also starred in the 2008 and 2010 seasons of Irish drama series, RTÉ's Raw. In January 2011, Garrigan starred in the second series of BBC One's wartime drama serial Land Girls. From 2012 to

Question: In the television series Once Upon a Time, who portrays the mythical character from Historia Regum Britanniae?

Question: What legendary figure was featured in the Historia Regum Britanniae?

Answer: Arthur

Question: who plays #1 in once upon a time

Answer: Liam Thomas Garrigan

Answer: Liam Thomas Garrigan

Who plays the legendary figure featured in Historia Regum Britanniae in the show Once Upon a Time?