Figure 1: Trends (color fill; units: 10 −2 mms −1 decade −1 ) and climatologies (contours; units: 10 −3 mm s −1 ) of annual mean 𝑤 ∗ derived from the CCMs’ ensemble mean over the periods (a) 1960–2000 and (b) 2001–2050. The contour interval for the climatological 𝑤 ∗ is 0.2 × 10 −3 mm s −1 . Solid and dashed lines represent positive and negative contours, respectively. Stippled regions show the trends significant at the 90% level.