Figure5:Annualandseasonalmeanmassfluxtrends(units:10 9 kg s −1 decade −1 )at70 hPafromtheCCMs’ensemblemeanduring1960–2000 (blue boxes) and 2001–2050 (red boxes): (a) tropical upwelling; (b) SH downwelling; (c) NH downwelling.