Fig 5. TRAM0076 promotes gene expression by unfolding 5 0 UTR structures. ( A ). Molecular beacons of the 5 0 UTR oligodeoxynucleotide fragments from MMP0127 (UTR0127), MMP1515 (UTR1515) and MMP1697 (UTR1697) were constructed by FITC and BHQ1 labeling at the 5 0 and 3 0 termini, respectively. Unfolding by TRAM0076 and E . coli CspA and CspE were determined using the same procedure as in Fig 2C. ( B ). RNA structures in the 5 0 UTRs were predicted by Mfold. The arrows specified bases substituted in the 5 0 UTR of MMP1515 to abolish the hairpin structure and to construct UTR1515MT. ( C ). Each of the 5 0 UTRs from MMP0127 , MMP1515 and MMP1697 was fused upstream of the mCherry ORF to construct a 5 0 UTR-mCherry reporter system (upper) and then transformed into the Δ 0076 mutant and parental S0001 strain of M . maripaludis . At the early-, middle- and late-exponential growth