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Cheap Flights to Maracay, Venezuela | Expedia
Flights to Maracay, Venezuela from $267.00FlightsHotelsPackage Deals (Flight + Hotel)Search Flights Please correct the errors below.RoundtripOne wayMultiple destinationsLeaving fromGoing toDepartingReturningAdults (18+)123456Children (0 - 17)0123456Flight 1Flying fromFlying toDepartingFlight 2Flying fromFlying toDepartingFlight 3Flying fromFlying toDepartingFlight 4Flying fromFlying toDepartingFlight 5Flying fromFlying toDepartingAdults (18+)123456Children (0 - 17)0123456Child 1 Age <1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Child 2 Age <1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Child 3 Age <1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Child 4 Age <1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Child 5 Age <1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Child 6 Age <1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Children under 2 must either sit in laps or in seats.In lapIn seat Advanced options Advanced optionsNonstopRefundable flightPreferred airline No preference Aegean American Airlines airberlin Air Canada Azul Air France Air India Aeromexico La Compagnie Aerolineas Argentinas Alaska Airlines Royal Air Maroc JetBlue Airways Avianca Finnair Alitalia British Airways Seaborne Airlines Flybe Royal Brunei Airlines Air Botswana EVA Airways Air Baltic Caribbean Airlines Air China Airlines of Papua New Guinea China Airlines Copa Cathay Pacific China Southern Airlines Condor Delta Senegal Airlines TAAG Angola Airlines Norwegian Air Shuttle Aer Lingus Emirates Ellinair Air Dolomiti Tame Ethiopian Airlines Etihad Regional Eurowings Frontier Airlines Etihad Airways Icelandair Fiji Airways GOL Linhas Aereas Inteligentes Firefly Garuda Indonesia Gulf Air AirAsia with baggage Sky Airlines Hawaiian Airlines Niki Hainan Airlines Hong Kong Airlines Uzbekistan Airways Iberia Solomon Airlines Meridiana fly Azerbaijan Airlines Tigerair Taiwan without bag LATAM Airlines Brasil Japan Airlines Adria Airways Air Serbia interCaribbean Airways Air Astana Korean Air KLM Air Malta Kenya Airways PenAir Cayman Airways LATAM Airlines Group Luxair Lufthansa Liat LOT-Polish Airlines LATAM Airlines Peru LACSA Swiss International Air Lines EL AL Israel Airlines Air Madagascar Middle East Airlines Xiamen Airlines Malaysia Airlines Air Mauritius COMAIR LTD. Egyptair Thomas Cook Airlines China Eastern Airlines All Nippon Airways Spirit Airlines Air New Zealand Boliviana De Aviacion Air Onix Czech Airlines MIAT-Mongolian Airlines Proflight Zambia Austrian Airlines Pascan Aviation Peruvian Airlines Asiana Airlines Porter Airlines Pakistan International Airlines Philippine Airlines Plus Ultra Lineas Aereas S. A. PrecisionAir Surinam Airways Qantas Airways Qatar Airways Aserca Airlines Lao Airlines Nepal Airlines Royal Jordanian Tarom-Romanian Air Transport SATA International-Azores Airlines S.A. South African Airways Shandong Airlines XL Airways SAS Brussels Airlines Singapore Airlines Corsair Aeroflot-Russian Airlines Saudi Arabian Airlines TACA Airlines Jetairfly Thai Airways International Tradewind Aviation Turkish Airlines Air Tahiti Nui TAP Portugal easyJet Air Transat Ural Airlines United Vistara SriLankan Airlines Transaero Airlines Vision Airlines Utair Aviation Air Europa Virgin Australia VivaAerobus Vietnam Airlines TACV-Cabo Verde Airlines LC Peru Virgin Atlantic Aeromar Airlines Virgin America Windward Island Airways International WestJet WOW air Oman Air LATAM Airlines Ecuador Volaris Great Lakes Airlines Pegasus Asia Tigerair Australia with Bag Tigerair Singapore with Bag Tigerair Taiwan Air Burkina AeroGal Maya Island Air Air Choice One Silver Airways Boutique Air LATAM Airlines Argentina Interjet Germanwings Cemair Sun Air Express Ravn Alaska Insel Air International PAN AM World Airways Dominicana Insel Air Aruba Myanmar Airways International Pacific Coastal Airlines Cape Air Tropic Air Air Moldova Avior Airlines Jet Airways Southern Airways Preferred class First Class Business Economy Premium Economy Search Search 400 airlines and 282,000
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Expedia.com • Flights • South America • Venezuela • Valencia • Flights to Maracay
Flights to Maracay, current page
Cheap Tickets to Maracay
" MIA Miami to VLN Valencia $660.66 "MIAMiamitoVLNValencia$660.66 MIA Miami to VLN Valencia $660.66" JFK New York to VLN Valencia $870.43 "JFKNew YorktoVLNValencia$870.43 JFK New York to VLN Valencia $870.43" GUA Guatemala City to VLN Valencia $807.30 "GUAGuatemala CitytoVLNValencia$807.30 GUA Guatemala City to VLN Valencia $807.30" PTY Panama City to VLN Valencia $460.23 "PTYPanama CitytoVLNValencia$460.23 PTY Panama City to VLN Valencia $460.23" CUR Willemstad to VLN Valencia $267.00 "CURWillemstadtoVLNValencia$267.00 CUR Willemstad to VLN Valencia $267.00" BOG Bogota to VLN Valencia $537.89 "BOGBogotatoVLNValencia$537.89 BOG Bogota to VLN Valencia $537.89" MEX Mexico City to VLN Valencia $1,117.59 "MEXMexico CitytoVLNValencia$1,117.59 MEX Mexico City to VLN Valencia $1,117.59" MCO Orlando to VLN Valencia $904.46 "MCOOrlandotoVLNValencia$904.46 MCO Orlando to VLN Valencia $904.46" IAH Houston to VLN Valencia $1,678.06 "IAHHoustontoVLNValencia$1,678.06 IAH Houston to VLN Valencia $1,678.06" FLL Fort Lauderdale to VLN Valencia $1,283.36 "FLLFort LauderdaletoVLNValencia$1,283.36 FLL Fort Lauderdale to VLN Valencia $1,283.36 Load More Deals
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Amazon.com: Ziplinq ZIP-PWR-NB Retractable Universal Notebook Power Cord (56 Inches, Black): Electronics
A great replacement power cable for Playstation 2 and XBox's
Easily extends to over 5' just by pulling both ends. Simply pull again and it quickly retracts back into its housing
This item: Ziplinq ZIP-PWR-NB Retractable Universal Notebook Power Cord (56 Inches, Black) $9.99
BESTEK 3 Prong retractable hp cord power laptop charger cable adapter laptop connector ac cable computer  $7.99
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BESTEK 2 Prong retractable hp cord power laptop charger cable adapter laptop  4.2 out of 5 stars (40)
BESTEK 3 Prong retractable hp cord power laptop charger cable adapter laptop  4.4 out of 5 stars (52)
Micro USB Retractable Cable - Ideal for Any Micro USB Powered Device Including  4.0 out of 5 stars (304)
Ziplinq Retractable CAT6 Gigabit Network Cable (5 feet) 3.5 out of 5 stars (17)
Premium High Speed HDMI Retractable Cable, 1.3 meters (4.25 feet) - Supports  4.6 out of 5 stars (26)
B005DWR4A4,B005DWU0VO,B007Z419BI,B0050SPZKW,B0006J1EUA,B0063L9UJW,B005NGA0ZG,B000N4M31M,B004C4XR00,B004OGXY72,B00DR8LA6U,B00GTGETFG,B00B3UQZ6E,B0018MEBNG,B00E39GCP6,B00H0FK2A6,B002BPFLCY,B001P05K9K,B00AE5BF5K,B005NGA1G4,B001HTOLR6,B007PJ4Q4A,B000BSLS0W,B006GQJO18,B001IWOBE0,B003A4HSIA,B000BX8AOY,B0002JFOIW,B003YKX6WM,B0000AZK08,B000FBK3QK,B000HZDF8W,B000M4PYKA,B0093LVK9C
Model: ZIP-PWR-NB
ASIN: B0009T035E
Item model number: ZIP-PWR-NB
Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #37,739 in Electronics (See Top 100 in Electronics)
ZipLinq's quality retractable 5' three-prong extension cords allow you to easily extend computer and other peripherals power cables. These quality cables provide the perfect solution for when power outlets are not conveniently located nearby.
BESTEK 2 Prong retractable hp cord power laptop charger cable adapter laptop connector ac cable computer  4.2 out of 5 stars (40)
BESTEK 3 Prong retractable hp cord power laptop charger cable adapter laptop connector ac cable computer  4.4 out of 5 stars (52)
SF Cable, 2 Prong Right Angle Plug Adapter, USA IEC 60320-C7 receptacle to NEMA 1-15P 4.8 out of 5 stars (35)
Ziotek Notebook Power Cord, C7 Figure-eight Plug, 1ft. 4.0 out of 5 stars (31)
See all 33 customer reviews It seems sturdy and well built.GrahamIn both cases, the connection of the cord to the PC-side adapter is a bit loose and bare wire (!!!!!)SteveAnnoyingly, it died just two days after the return window expired.Ian Abrams
15 of 15 people found the following review helpfulGood travel laptop cable
I bought this to help reduce my cable clutter when I'm traveling. I'm pretty pleased with the result. It is fairly chunky, the retractor hub is 2 1/4" in diameter and 3/4" thick, but it still takes up less space than my old cable, with less mess. It seems sturdy and well built.It replaces the laptop AC cable, i.e the cable from the wall AC outlet to the laptop's power transformer. (It doesn't replace the transformer!) At the transformer end, it supports the standard two prong "Figure Eight" connector and includes an adapter for the three prong "Mickey Mouse" connector. These are the two most common laptop power connectors.
11 of 11 people found the following review helpfulWorks well...until it fails
Bought this unit about a 10 months ago. I stowed it in my bag attached to my laptop's power brick. Unwittingly, over time, as it jostled around in my bag, that caused the edge of the spool casing to rub against part of the cord (right at the base of the plug) and it severed one of the wires, rendering it useless. It worked really well before this, but I would have hoped it'd be a bit less prone to damaging itself (such as by the wire guides having rounded corners instead of sharp(ish) ones). I'll buy another one, but only because it's so cheap and I haven't found a substitute that looks markedly better. So, 3 stars...not bad, but not great.Update: Bought a second one...same exact failure within 1 year, and I haven't really even used it very much. Changing my rating to 2 stars since these should be advertised as "disposable" cords.
First, this is a great product idea...But I ordered a couple and both have now exhibited a pretty bad problem. In both cases, the connection of the cord to the PC-side adapter is a bit loose and bare wire (!!!!!) starts to show. This does not happen on the wall-plug side. This happened to one of the cables after only a couple of days of very gentle use. I figured it was just a bad sample. Then my 2nd cable did exactly the same thing. If you have one of these, you should check it...
4 of 4 people found the following review helpfulZiplink Retractable Notebook Power Cord
This is an excellent item for those who travel with their notebook or if you just want to reduce clutter. Stores well in a laptop bag. No problems using this cord outside of the United States with 220v power, however a plug/outlet adapter will needed.
Concur with other reviewer. Cord jacket is separating from plug exposing bare wires after only a few months of light use. Will see if manufacturer stands by their warranty.
J. S. Rux
The more I read on the review sections the more I get the feeling that the competitors come to trash their rivals products.I have about 8 varieties of Zip-Linq products and after over a year of heavy use, they are doing their job without any problems whatsoever.When I read "Great product idea, but" I start wondering if the Acme Coyote is writing a review for a competing product. The reel is plastic. Don't use it to hold up a car whilst changing a tyre. Don't toss it in the bottom of your back pack and then cram a 10 pound laptop on top of it. And for God's sake don't chew on the wires. I mean this thing has the same wires that would be on a power brick or USB. You need to have a little kindness toward the gadget, but I find them amazingly durable and as a man with OCD, clean, neat and tidy (without nasty wear and tear making my computer look ugly) is of the utmost importance.Buy them, you will be happy.
3 of 3 people found the following review helpfulJust a fluke?
I bought two of these and one worked for about a week, then surprisingly jammed up. It wouldn't come out of the spool. I must have pulled too hard because the whole thing exploded, with the two plastic halves of the spool and the coiled up spring flying across the room. A bit funny and embarrasing in front of a customer... The second one has worked fine.
2 of 2 people found the following review helpfulWorked great-- for a while
After using this for about five weeks, it suddenly failed-- as in, it retracts fine but no longer conducts electricity.Annoyingly, it died just two days after the return window expired.I'll try another one-- it's very convenient and the price is right.
Would like to see additional reinforcement
Functions well and allows variable lengths of cord as needed. I had a similar design in the past and the cord became frayed near the connectors.
Well, it worked for one day. I bought it from another website, not from Amazon, but I have virtually nowhere to complain about this thing.
Ziplinq is Great
Ziplinq stopped producing their retractable power cords. It is difficult to find one. The unit which I got was an European version.
I've purchased this before, liked it and ordered another one just like it. I know it's the same entry, because Amazon says, "You ordered this on ..." blah blah blah.
Published 8 months ago by DaxRunner
The product delivered is not the one described and pictured. there is an additional adapter from European to US electrical plug which doesn't hold tight and the retracting is not...
Published 9 months ago by Gary Bachman
Very helpful space saver
This retractable cord makes it easy to pack my laptop into my computer bag. Instead of the usual routine of trying to coil up the cord and seeing if I can get it into a little...
Caution: European Model
This is the European model of the familiar Ziplinq in that rather than having a U.S. plug it has a European plug with a U.S. adapter. Fine, if you're a world traveler.
Published 22 months ago by James A. Thompson
If I could of rated it no stars, I would of done it
Bought several of these, and the first one broke on its initial use. The second one did not last much longer. Great idea but terrible implementation.
Published 23 months ago by TAJordan
European power cord with substandard adapter
The product is a retractable power cord for a notebook computer. Unfortuntely, although the product is offered on the US website, no mention is made that the plug is a european...
Weak power cord - damaged after little use.
I loved this at first, but soon became hazard. As others have stated, my power cord also developed exposed wires with occasional use.
Published on February 14, 2012 by KikiT

type: global

value: This website is an American multinational technology company which focuses on e-commerce, cloud computing, digital streaming, and artificial intelligence.


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Opinion | Jared Kushner’s Middle East Development Project - The New York Times
Opinion|Jared Kushner’s Middle East Development Project
Jared Kushner’s Middle East Development Project
His conference in Bahrain hears of big dream plans divorced from reality.
Jared Kushner speaking Tuesday to the "Peace to Prosperity" conference in Manama, Bahrain.CreditCreditReuters
The slick promotional publication, titled “Peace to Prosperity,” described a $50 billion investment surge in the Palestinian economy over the next decade, like a fantastical New York real estate promotion. Palestinians certainly could use the investment and jobs in their economically depressed communities, where unemployment last year was 31 percent.
The publication touted what was supposed to be an economic foundation for peace between Israel and the Palestinians, presented at a conference in Bahrain this week by Jared Kushner, presidential son-in-law, senior adviser and, formerly, New York real estate developer.
Mr. Kushner invited participants to “imagine a new reality in the Middle East.”
But except for its patronizing tone, there’s little new about the plan, which relies heavily on the construction of much-needed infrastructure projects that are retreads of proposals the World Bank, the United States and others made in previous failed peace efforts.
The most ambitious undertaking would be a $5 billion transportation corridor from the West Bank to Gaza that could link the two Palestinian territories with a major road and possibly a modern rail line. To facilitate the flow of Palestinian people and goods with Israel, Egypt, Jordan and other countries in the region, facilities at key border crossings would be upgraded, new cargo terminals would be built, old ones would be refurbished and new security technology would be installed.
Although it deals only in generalities, the plan also envisions investing in upgrades to Palestinian electric grids, the Gaza Power Plant and renewable energy facilities. In an effort to double the water supply in five years, new desalinization and wastewater treatment facilities, wells and distribution networks would be built. Financial incentives would encourage private Palestinian businesses to expand the limited existing digital capabilities by developing high-speed telecommunications services.
Other proposals focus on expanding educational opportunities, jobs, housing, tourism and the rule of law.
While tantalizing, the plan as it stands is, to be gentle, unrealistic.
Israel controls the economic life of the Palestinian territories, meaning none of the proposals are possible without its concurrence. Yet the plan makes no demands on Israel and its prime minister, Benjamin Netanyahu. Gulf states, along with European nations and private investors, are expected to help finance the plan, but there have been no actual commitments, and the idea that the Arabs would bankroll a peace plan that sidesteps a Palestinian state is unlikely.
Making the whole initiative even more surreal, it arrives after the administration in which Mr. Kushner serves sharply cut funds for programs that support Palestinian schools and health care.
The fact that officials of the Israeli and the Palestinian governments, whose futures are most at stake, were absent from the two-day conference in Bahrain, and that many Arab and European countries sent only lower-level representatives, underscores the broad international discomfort with Mr. Kushner’s economic proposals and the promised plan for resolving Israel-Palestinian political issues that is supposed to follow it.
Team Trump is betting that dangling lucrative investments will cause Palestinians to abandon their aspirations for an independent state, a goal the United States supported as part of a negotiated peace since 2002, until President Trump voiced a more fluid view. If it were that easy it would have happened years ago.
Palestinian leaders, who halted contact with Washington months ago, rejected Mr. Kushner’s economic blueprint out of hand. Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, allies with Israel against Iran, were supportive but made clear that the plan needed to be combined with a political solution.
The one truly enthusiastic cadre appeared to be billionaire investors who, seemingly for the first time, were seeing economic potential in a long-ignored part of the world. Many of them expressed such eagerness about eventually underwriting projects promoted by the plan that Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin said, “It’s going to be like a hot I.P.O.”
Mr. Kushner is right when he says the “old way hasn’t really worked.” However, by presenting a plan that ignores Palestinians’ aspirations for statehood and their demands for ending Israeli occupation of Palestinian territories, he is making success even less likely. “If we are going to fail,” he has said, “we don’t want to fail doing it the same way it’s been done in the past.”
What happens next is anybody’s guess. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo admitted in a recent closed-door meeting with Jewish leaders that the plan may be “unexecutable.” But if Mr. Kushner can mobilize powerful investors and international businesses as cheerleaders for Mideast peace, he could make a real contribution.
More Times coverage of the Kushner economic plan
A version of this article appears in print on , Section A, Page 22 of the New York edition with the headline: Mr. Kushner’s Mideast Development Project. Order Reprints | Today’s Paper | Subscribe

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text: Slovenia Beginning ResearchEdit This Page	From FamilySearch Wiki	Revision as of 14:47, 22 October 2010 by Claudiaj64 (Talk | contribs)

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Rainwater Harvesting Tickets, Tue, Jun 18, 2019 at 2:00 PM | Eventbrite
Dunedin Community Forum MLK Center
Martin Luther King, Jr. Recreation Center, Dunedin
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Have questions about Rainwater Harvesting ? Contact UF/IFAS Extension, Urban Horticulture

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Words that start with chartaceou | Words starting with chartaceou
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/words-that-start-with-chartaceou
Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary 10,374,227,319 visitors served
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Sales Specialist Flooring Jobs, Employment in Spring, TX | Indeed.com
Sales Specialist Flooring jobs in Spring, TX
Sales Specialist Flooring jobs nationwide
- 18,419 reviews
View all Lowe's Inc. jobs in Cypress, TX - Cypress jobsSalary Search: Sales Specialist salaries in Cypress, TXLearn more about working at Lowe's Inc.Lowe's Inc. questions about work, benefits, interviews and hiring process:How are the working hours?Why did you leave your job at Lowe's?Related forums: Lowe's
Keep sales tools in mint condition. Cooperate with fellow sales reps, agents, and management. Maintain ready access to all sales & design tools....
View all Mohawk Industries jobs in Houston, TX - Houston jobsSalary Search: Designer salaries in Houston, TXLearn more about working at Mohawk IndustriesMohawk Industries questions about work, benefits, interviews and hiring process:what questions are asked in interview?What day do you get paid on ?Related forums: Mohawk Industries - Houston, Texas
View all The Home Depot jobs in Spring, TX - Spring jobsSalary Search: Customer Service Representative salaries in Spring, TXLearn more about working at The Home DepotThe Home Depot questions about work, benefits, interviews and hiring process:What benefits does the company provide?How long does it take to get hired from start to finish? What are the st...Related forums: - The Home Depot - Spring, Texas
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Read Full Obituary for Rochelle Sutton
Read Full Obituary for Leonard Bernstein
Norman Walpuff
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Corinne Strumpf-Belfer
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Sign Guest Book Esther Nussdorf Long Branch Esther Nussdorf was born in New York City, and died Tuesday, July 15, 2014. She lived in Brooklyn until 1943 when she married Arthur Nussdorf who manufactured Army uniforms at that time. He later was owner of Century...
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Edith Stess
Sign Guest Book Edith Stess AGE: 82 • Red Bank Edith Stess, 82, of Red Bank died Saturday, July 5 at Riverview Medical Center, Red Bank surrounded by family and friends. She was born in Red Bank and lived locally her entire life. Edith was a graduate of Red...
Read Full Obituary for Edith Stess
Edith Stess, 82, of Red Bank, N.J., died Saturday, July 5, at Riverview Medical Center, Red Bank, surrounded by family and friends. Services will be on Tuesday at 1:30 p.m. at Congregation B'nai Israel, 171 Ridge Rd., Rumson, N.J. Shiva will be...
ELAINE WOLSTEIN
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Joseph Conger (1787-1861) - Find A Grave Memorial
17 Nov 1861 (aged 74)
100008090 · View Source
Mary Ann Stafford Conger
1786 – unknown (m. 1807)
Patty Conger Farnham
Emily Conger Burr
Stafford Conger
Find A Grave Memorial 100008090
Find A Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com : accessed ), memorial page for Joseph Conger (3 Jan 1787–17 Nov 1861), Find A Grave Memorial no. 100008090, citing West Bangor Cemetery, Bangor, Franklin County, New York, USA ; Maintained by Laurie LaPage (contributor 47617896) .

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1111426678 - Calculus: Early Transcendentals 7e Hybrid by James Stewart - AbeBooks
1111426678 - Calculus: Early Transcendentals 7e Hybrid by James Stewart
About this Item: n/a. Paperback. Condition: Fair. Seller Inventory # G1111426678I5N00
About this Item: n/a. PAPERBACK. Condition: Good. 1111426678 Item in good condition. Textbooks may not include supplemental items i.e. CDs, access codes etc. Seller Inventory # Z1111426678Z3
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CALCULUS,EARLY TRANS.,HYBRID ED.-TEXT
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nine eagles xtra 300 | eBay
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text:
Tha5thelement comments on [Official]Daily Feedback Thread, 27 Dec 12jump to contentmy subredditsannouncementsArtAskRedditaskscienceawwblogbookscreepydataisbeautifulDIYDocumentariesEarthPornexplainlikeimfiveFitnessfoodfunnyFuturologygadgetsgamingGetMotivatedgifshistoryIAmAInternetIsBeautifulJokesLifeProTipslistentothismildlyinterestingmoviesMusicnewsnosleepnottheonionOldSchoolCoolpersonalfinancephilosophyphotoshopbattlespicsscienceShowerthoughtsspacesportstelevisiontifutodayilearnedTwoXChromosomesUpliftingNewsvideosworldnewsWritingPromptsedit subscriptionsfront-all-random | gadgets-sports-gaming-pics-worldnews-videos-AskReddit-aww-Music-funny-news-movies-books-history-food-philosophy-television-Jokes-Art-DIY-space-Documentaries-Fitness-askscience-nottheonion-todayilearned-personalfinance-gifs-listentothis-IAmA-TwoXChromosomes-creepy-nosleep-GetMotivated-WritingPrompts-LifeProTips-EarthPorn-explainlikeimfive-Showerthoughts-Futurology-photoshopbattles-mildlyinteresting-dataisbeautiful-tifu-OldSchoolCool-UpliftingNews-InternetIsBeautiful-sciencemore »reddit.com makinghiphopcommentsrelatedwant to join? sign in or create an account in seconds|Englishlimit my search to /r/makinghiphopuse the following search parameters to narrow your results:subreddit:subredditfind submissions in "subreddit"author:usernamefind submissions by "username"site:example.comfind submissions from "example.com"url:textsearch for "text" in urlselftext:textsearch for "text" in self post contentsself:yes (or self:no)include (or exclude) self postsnsfw:yes (or nsfw:no)include (or exclude) results marked as NSFWe.g. subreddit:aww site:imgur.com dogsee the search faq for details.advanced search: by author, subreddit...this post was submitted on 26 Dec 20127 points (90% upvoted)shortlink: remember mereset passwordloginSubmit a new linkSubmit a new text postmakinghiphopsubscribeunsubscribe19,829 readers~16 users here now
created by ScumbagRedditora community for 3 yearsmessage the moderatorsMODERATORSScumbagRedditorwhatnikProducercambionichttps://www.youtube.com/nsfhiphopTha5thelementsoundcloud.com/Tha5thElementOfficialcesarjuliussoundcloud.com/badtouchSooWooMastersoundcloud.com/BIGOsSoulkailmanhttps://soundcloud.com/itsambessaVsxsoundcloud.com/badministratorArtrwjbachmansoundcloud.com/js_beats...and 1 more »discussions in /r/makinghiphop<>X9 points · 31 comments [Official] Collab Call, 02 Jun 20155 points · 68 comments [Official] Daily Feedback Thread, 02 Jun 201510 points · 9 comments [BEAT TAPE] mcgirk - Palace of the Sun3 points · 4 comments Can anyone explain the DJ/mixtape relationship?· 4 comments [GHH] VOL. 13 VOTING3 points · 1 comment [Mixtape] Powata - Chief Hunter Jack13 points · 6 comments [Beat Tape] Sputch - Diggin' Deeper1 points AL-X In Wonderland EP21 points · 6 comments [Resource] /U/Jaelgoco posted this Rhodes pack for Ableton only so I modified it into Kontakt 5 format for others.3 points · 1 comment New Producers to MHH- Head to SampleBattles sub for extra practice and competition678[Official]Daily Feedback Thread, 27 Dec 12 (self.makinghiphop)submitted 2 years ago by Vsxsoundcloud.com/badministrator128 commentssharecancelsorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onloading...sorted by: besttopnewhotcontroversialoldrandomq&ayou are viewing a single comment's thread.view the rest of the comments →[–]Tha5thelementsoundcloud.com/Tha5thElementOfficial 0 points1 point2 points 2 years ago (0 children)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onAs always, your sampling made my ears nut. The only way I could see this one improving would be if you could work in a bit more of the vocal portions to create a quick rise and drop (like on this track on the 4th or 8th bars. Idk, i could hear that if on this track. This beat be dope tho, props. permalinkembedsaveparentgive goldaboutblogaboutvaluesteamsource codeadvertisejobshelpsite rulesFAQwikireddiquettetransparencycontact usapps & toolsAlien Blue iOS appreddit AMA appmobile betabuttons<3reddit goldreddit storeredditgiftsreddit.tvradio redditUse of this site constitutes acceptance of our User Agreement and Privacy Policy {Genitive}. © 2015 reddit inc. All rights reserved.REDDIT and the ALIEN Logo are registered trademarks of reddit inc.create a new accountusername:password:verify password:email: (optional)remember meget the best of reddit emailed to you once a week. learn morecreate accountsign inusername:password:remember mereset passwordsign inWe care about your privacy, and we never spam. By creating an account, you agree to reddit's User Agreement and Privacy Policy. We're proud of them, and you should read them.English [en]العربية [ar]Беларуская мова [be]български език [bg]Bosanski [bs]català [ca]česky [cs]dansk [da]Deutsch [de]Ελληνικά [el]English (Australia) [en-au]English (Canadian) [en-ca]English (Great Britain) [en-gb]English [en-us]Esperanto [eo]español [es]español [es-ar]eesti keel [et]Euskara [eu]فارسی [fa]suomi [fi]français [fr]Gàidhlig [gd]עברית [he]मानक हिन्दी [hi]hrvatski [hr]Magyar [hu]Հայերեն լեզու [hy]Bahasa Indonesia [id]íslenska [is]italiano (Italy) [it]日本語 [ja]ಕನ್ನಡ [kn_IN]한국어 [ko]Latin [la]1337 [leet]LOL [lol]lietuvių kalba [lt]latviešu valoda [lv]Nederlands [nl]Nynorsk [nn]Norsk [no]Arrrrrrrr! [pir]polski [pl]português [pt] (*)português [pt-pt]português brasileiro [pt_BR]română [ro]русский [ru]slovenčina [sk]slovenščina [sl]српски језик [sr]Srpski [sr-la]Svenska [sv]தமிழ் [ta]ภาษาไทย [th]Türkçe [tr]українська мова [uk]Tiếng Việt [vi]中文 [zh] (*) incomplete volunteer to translateπ Rendered by PID 5379 on app-91 at 2015-06-02 08:42:02.699669+00:00 running 70a985c country code: US.

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ruby on rails - Meaning of "test do" syntax - Stack Overflow
Meaning of “test do” syntax
I'm sorry if my question is silly because I just want to ask what does below line meaning in Ruby. (I'm reading a book about Rails as fast as possible for my course, so I don't have a firm grasp on the Ruby language.)
Here is a piece of code for unit test purpose:
test "product attributes must not be empty" do   // this line I don't know
The thing I want to ask is: At the line I don't know, the syntax test "...." do, what does it mean? Is it a function, method, class, something else?
ruby-on-rails ruby share|improve this question edited Jun 24 '12 at 16:50
You should learn Ruby before you learn Rails. If you don't understand the language the framework is built on, then you'll never be able to fully utilize the framework. And don't rush the learning process!
I'm sorry so much. I'm just has a quick tutorial about Ruby and when I change to really really big Ruby enviroment (Rails), it makes me scare :( The big problem is I don't have many times for upcoming course
This stuff is called a class macro, fancy name for a simple mechanism:
It is a class method (def self.test), that way you can use it in you class definition directly for example.
The normal way to write test cases (in Test::Unit) would be more like this:
def test_something_interesting
However, ActiveSupport (part of Rails) provides you this syntactical sugar so that you can write it like this:
This method will then define a method with the name test_something_interesting.
You can find the implementation in Rails:
share|improve this answer answered Jun 24 '12 at 17:04
Can you tell me how can I create something like that ? Thanks :)
Jun 24 '12 at 17:20
@hqt - It's called a Ruby DSL (Domain Specific Language). Basically it means you are writing code that will extended the original language with some new constructs. The best way for you to learn it is to google it.
It's a block. Somewhere in the testing framework this method is defined:
def test(description, &block)
# do something with block
I highly recommend that you pick a good Ruby book and that you read it slowly.
share|improve this answer answered Jun 24 '12 at 16:44
can you tell me a bit more please. According to some tutorial I have read. the function should be : def test(description). why you put &block to this function (although if I remember, it mean block is optional). ?
Yes, a block is the do end syntax. It could also be {}. You can read more about block here: rubylearning.com/satishtalim/ruby_blocks.html

value: This website is a question and answer website for professional and enthusiast programmers. It is the flagship site of the Stack Exchange Network, created in 2008 by Jeff Atwood and Joel Spolsky.


text:
9780875804507: Malvina, or the Heart’s Intuition - AbeBooks - Maria Wirtemberska: 0875804500
17.45 Maria Wirtemberska Malvina, or the Heart’s Intuition
ISBN 13: 9780875804507
ISBN 10: 0875804500 ISBN 13: 9780875804507
Maria Wirtemberska (1768–1854) was a Polish noblewoman and philanthropist in addition to being a writer. Ursula Phillips is a writer on Polish literature, mainly in the field of women’s writing, gender and feminism, and also a translator of literary and academic works, including The Palace by contemporary novelist Wiesław Myśliwski, historian Antoni Mączak’s Travel in Early Modern Europe, Grażyna Borkowska’s Alienated Women: A Study on Polish Women’s Fiction 1845-1916 and the recent research project Humanism in Polish Culture. She is Honorary Research Associate of the University College London School of Slavonic and East European Studies.
“The novel’s freshness and verve are faithfully rendered in Ursula Phillips’s excellent, seamless translation. Here the vocabulary of feeling hits its mark and helps make Malvina a contribution to a renewed forging of Polish identity.”
"Wirtemberska [is] one of the first figures in a now rich tradition of Polish literature written by women. Indeed, Wirtemberska's book remains interesting to this day. . . . Phillips's exceptionally careful translation . . . is original and as graceful as any alternative that comes to mind. . . . [Anyone] with an interest in the novel taking root as a genre or in the early nineteenth-century novel will appreciate this book."
1. Malvina, or the Heart's Intuition
Book Description Northern Illinois University Press, DeKalb, 2012. Soft cover. Book Condition: New. 1st Edition. A new copy of the softcover edition. The text is of course wholly unmarked, pristine, and the binding is bright and fresh in appearance. A brilliant copy. Bookseller Inventory # 018446
2. Malvina, or the Heart's Intuition
Book Description 2012. PAP. Book Condition: New. New Book. Shipped from US within 10 to 14 business days. Established seller since 2000. Bookseller Inventory # TX-9780875804507
3. Malvina, or the Heart’s Intuition Format: Paperback
Book Description University of Chicago press. Book Condition: New. Brand New. Bookseller Inventory # 0875804500
4. Malvina, or the Heart s Intuition (Paperback)
Book Description Northern Illinois University Press, United States, 2012. Paperback. Book Condition: New. Reprint. Language: English . This book usually ship within 10-15 business days and we will endeavor to dispatch orders quicker than this where possible. Brand New Book. First published in Warsaw in 1816, Malvina, or the Heart s Intuition has been largely - and unjustly - left out of the Polish literary canon. Ingeniously structured and garrulously related by a Tristram Shandy-esque narrator, Maria Wirtemberska s psychologically complex work is often considered Poland s first modern novel. This splendid translation by Ursula Phillips should restore Wirtemberska to her rightful place in the literary pantheon while providing fertile new ground for the study of the international development of the novel. The romantic story of the young widow Malvina and her mysterious lover Ludomir, Malvina combines several literary styles and influences - from the epistolary to the gothic. Nobel laureate Czeslaw Milosz argues that Malvina is quintessentially a sentimental novel - a model of the genre whose chief aspiration is to promote a change in sensibility and inspire new forces of feeling and imagination. For this reason, Wirtemberska is often considered the Polish counterpart to her English contemporary Jane Austen. A work of genuine artistic daring and sophistication, Malvina, or the Heart s Intuition has been overlooked by critics for too long, and readers have been denied the pleasure of reading one of literature s major landmarks - until now. Bookseller Inventory # BTE9780875804507
5. Malvina, or the Heart's Intuition
Book Description Northern Illinois University Press, 2012. Book Condition: New. Bookseller Inventory # TV9780875804507
6. Malvina, or the Heart?s Intuition
Book Description Northern Illinois University Press, 2012. Paperback. Book Condition: New. book. Bookseller Inventory # M0875804500
7. Malvina, or the Heart's Intuition (Paperback)
Book Description 2012. Paperback. Book Condition: New. Paperback. First published in Warsaw in 1816, "Malvina, or the Heart's Intuition "has been largely?and unjustly?ignored by the Polish literary canon. Ingeniously structured.Shipping may be from multiple locations in the US or from the UK, depending on stock availability. 201 pages. 0.340. Bookseller Inventory # 9780875804507
8. Malvina, or the Heart’s Intuition
Book Description Northern Illinois University P, 2012. Paperback. Book Condition: New. Never used!. Bookseller Inventory # P110875804500
9. Malvina, or the Heart's Intuition (Paperback)
Book Description 2012. Paperback. Book Condition: New. Paperback. First published in Warsaw in 1816, "Malvina, or the Heart's Intuition "has been largely?and unjustly?ignored by the Polish literary canon. Ingenious.Shipping may be from our Sydney, NSW warehouse or from our UK or US warehouse, depending on stock availability. 201 pages. 0.340. Bookseller Inventory # 9780875804507


text:
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text:
overview for Gaitsnipe
reddit.com Gaitsnipe
Gaitsnipe
I'm in LOVE with the shyvana changes by Moptyi in leagueoflegends
[–]Gaitsnipe 0 points1 point2 points 3 years ago (0 children)
Also, good thing that her bonus Armor and MR isn't on her R now so we don't have to wait for the ult to get more tank in jungle.
Well then thank you, as you could see the only gun that I could name was Fishbones mainly because that is the most memorable to me lol.
Party Hi-Jinx. Her rocket launcher shoots beer pong balls.
Bum bum buuuuuuuuum!!! No one knows. Riot is not releasing that information yet
Actually she has three. People keep forgetting that she has her minigun, Fishbones the rocket launcher, and Pow Pow her laser pistol.
[–]Gaitsnipe 1 point2 points3 points 3 years ago (0 children)
She picked up a tan at the pool party.
For now, yes, Piltover will be in chaos. But soon, ALL OF RUNETERRA!!!
I found it utterly hilarious. Riding Fishbones like a pogostick then rocketing back to base? Hell yeah.
More than likely a mess up with the mirroring when the art was made. Either that or they changed up the tattoo location last minute.
Her minigun has cat ears.
No, Jinx is not 'C'. 'C' is a cat burglar, the best yet since Caitlyn has been unable to catch them. Jinx is the complete opposite of that, she prefers to be loud, obnoxious, noticeable, and brash. There is no relation to Caitlyn, and the only relation to Vi is the fact that Jinx loves to taunt and annoy Fathands.
More than likely she picked them up in Zaun.
It -does- mention that she is also charged with forging wanted posters XD
Darn, you're right. Absolutely a 10/10.
I'd think a mana heavy ADC, especially if you want to utilize your Fishbones Q
She does, her doctor prescribed anti-VIstamines.
I actually have a non-Jinx related question. -gasp!- Yeah yeah, I know. Anywho, I want to ask why we have given Vi, a recent champion, a sudden antagonist seemingly out of the blue? It would have made more sense to me to see this 'C' fellow that Caitlyn has been trying to hunt down rather than some super cool psycho chick for our favorite heavy-fisted gal, especially since she has been around much longer than Vi.
The normal 7300/7600 (I forget which) for all newly released champs, but for about the first two weeks. Then she'll drop to 6300 like everyone else.
'C' is not Jinx, since Jinx isn't particularly 'subtle and elusive' like 'C' is. Caitlyn was hunting them down and hasn't found them yet, the only person to avoid the sheriff's detection as of yet. Jinx is.....the extreme opposite of a cat burglar lol. **Also, she is assumed as Chaotic Neutral so she doesn't care about repercussions as long as it benefits her happiness.
Must have been a mess up with the mirroring. That was supposed to be Jinx's arm, but on her champion splash it is her right.
Better build manamune...
[–]Gaitsnipe -1 points0 points1 point 3 years ago (0 children)
I think she'd somehow make it a brussel sprout farm.
Wait, where have you seen anyone with tattoos on their left arm? o.0
π Rendered by PID 1131 on app-239 at 2017-08-19 13:25:46.747067+00:00 running e0edefd country code: US.


text:
(Redirected from Daniel Frisella)
Daniel Vincent Frisella (March 4, 1946 – January 1, 1977) was a Major League Baseball pitcher whose career was cut short when he was killed in a dune buggy accident on New Year's Day in 1977.[1]
1 Washington State University Cougars
6 Cardinals & Brewers
Washington State University Cougars[edit]
The son of a fire fighter,[2] Frisella graduated from Serra High School in San Mateo, California in 1963, and spent one year at the College of San Mateo before moving on to Washington State University.[3]
After leading the Cougars to the 1965 College World Series and being named to the All-Conference team, he was drafted by the Milwaukee Braves in the 39th round of the 1965 Major League Baseball Draft, but did not sign. In 1966, he was again named All-Conference, and led WSU to the District VIII Regional finals.[4] After which, he was drafted by the New York Mets in the third round of the June 1966 Secondary draft, and signed.[5]
After three successful relief appearances (8 innings pitched, no earned runs) for manager Wes Westrum, Frisella was added to the Mets' starting rotation. He did not fare as well as a starter. He was 1-6 in his eleven starts despite a respectable 3.82 ERA. His one win came against the Pittsburgh Pirates on August 11,[6] however, his finest performance came in a no-decision against the San Francisco Giants. Frisella allowed just two hits over nine innings while striking out seven.[7]
Following the 1969 season, Frisella played Winter ball in Venezuela. Venezuelan Baseball Hall of Famer Diego Segui, who was a forkball specialist, taught Frisella the pitch. It turned out to be Frisella's out pitch for the rest of his career,[8] as it had such impressive movement on it that he was often accused of throwing a spitter.[9]
After starting the 1970 season in triple A, Frisella joined the Mets in the beginning of July.[10] He earned his first career save in his first appearance of the season,[11] and his record stood at 4-0 with a 1.88 ERA at the end of the month. He ended the season with a 8-3 record, 3.02 ERA and 54 strikeouts in 65.2 innings pitched. Opposing batters batted just .204 against him. Despite missing half the season, his 29 relief appearances were third most on the team.
In 1971, Frisella and Tug McGraw formed a devastating righty/lefty tandem closing out Mets games.[12] Following three innings of scoreless ball pitched on the 4th of July, Frisella saw his ERA hit a season low of 1.37. He ended the season at 8-5 with a 1.99 ERA and a team leading twelve saves. Following the 1972 season, in which he went 5-8 with a 3.34 ERA and nine saves, Frisella and Gary Gentry were traded to the Atlanta Braves for Félix Millán and George Stone.[13]
Frisella's time in Atlanta did not go well. He developed arm trouble during Spring training 1973,[14] and dealt with nagging health issues throughout the season. While he led the team with eight saves, he had nine blown saves. The second of which came against his former club in his first game back at Shea Stadium. Entering the game in the eighth inning with the Braves leading 2-1, Frisella allowed both inherited base runners to score, and gave up an additional four earned runs of his own, while retiring just two batters.[15]
His role diminished substantially in 1974. After logging five saves through June, poor performance and injury limited him to just one over the remainder of the season. His last game as a Brave was also his only start as a Brave. Against the Mets at Shea, he went four innings, and gave up four earned runs in a no-decision.[16] At the Winter meetings after the season, the Braves sent Frisella to the San Diego Padres to reacquire Cito Gaston.[17]
Frisella enjoyed something of a resurgence in San Diego. Despite a subpar 1-6 record, he pitched a career high 97.2 innings in a career high 65 appearances to go along with a 3.13 ERA. He and Bill Greif, both right handers, shared closing duties, with each recorded nine saves. During Spring training 1976, Frisella was dealt to the St. Louis Cardinals for lefty pitcher Ken Reynolds and minor leaguer Bob Stewart.[18]
With Al Hrabosky already in their bullpen, the Cards had no need for a closer. Thus, Frisella became more of a right handed specialist for the Cardinals. He did well in that role, holding opposing batters to a .190 batting average, and compiling a 1.45 ERA. Two poor performances against Cincinnati's "Big Red Machine" saw his ERA balloon to 3.97 before he was sent to the Milwaukee Brewers for a player to be named later midway through the season.[19]
In his half season with the Brewers, he became manager Alex Grammas' favorite right hander out of the bullpen. He pitched 3.1 innings of one-hit ball against the California Angels to earn his first save with his new team,[20] on his way to a team leading nine. He went 5-2 with a 2.74 ERA while holding batters to a .175 batting average.
Frisella is survived by his wife, Pamela, and two sons, Jason and Daniel. Pam was pregnant with Daniel at the time of her husband's death. He was born on what would have been his father's 31st birthday.[2] His friend, James Wesley, who was driving the dune buggy, escaped with only minor injuries.
Frisella spent time with the Air National Guard during his minor league career.[21] The baseball stadium at Serra High School is named after Frisella.
^ "Frisella was 'Heck of a Guy'". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. January 4, 1977. pp. 1 & 3. ^ a b "Former Italian / American Mets Pitcher: Danny Frisella (1967-1972)". Centerfield Maz. March 3, 2014. ^ "Washington State University Baseball Players Who Made it to the Major Leagues". Baseball Almanac. Archived from the original on 2012-11-03. ^ "Division I Baseball Championship Results" (PDF). NCAA Division I Baseball Record Book. NCAA. pp. 9–17. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 17, 2012. ^ "Frisella Picked". The Spokesman-Review. June 8, 1966. ^ "New York Mets 3, Pittsburgh Pirates 2". Baseball-Reference.com. August 11, 1967. ^ "San Francisco Giants 2, New York Mets 1". Baseball-Reference.com. September 25, 1967. ^ "Frisella Uses His Fork". Spokane Daily Chronicle. June 3, 1970. ^ "Frisella Doesn't Worry". The Palm Beach Post. May 26, 1971. p. C2. ^ "Mets Recall Dan Frisella". Montreal Gazette. June 26, 1970. p. 13. ^ "New York Mets 5, Philadelphia Phillies 4". Baseball-Reference.com. July 5, 1970. ^ Down, Fred (September 15, 1970). "Frisella Mets Big Man". The Hour (newspaper). p. 16. ^ "Braves Get Gentry, Frisella From Mets". Rome News-Tribune. November 2, 1972. p. 8A. ^ Carpenter, Gary (February 3, 1974). "Braves Seeking Pitching, Defense in 1974". TimesDaily. p. 39. ^ "New York Mets 7, Atlanta Braves 2". Baseball-Reference.com. May 7, 1973. ^ "New York Mets 6, Atlanta Braves 5". Baseball-Reference.com. August 31, 1974. ^ "Once Gone, Gaston is Back With Braves Now". Lewiston Evening Journal. November 8, 1974. p. 18. ^ "Messersmith Tries Angels, but His Offer is Rejected". St. Petersburg Times. April 9, 1976. p. 3C. ^ "Frisella Traded". Florence Times Tri Cities Daily. June 6, 1976. p. 10. ^ "Milwaukee Brewers 8, California Angels 2". Baseball-Reference.com. June 14, 1976. ^ "Mets Hang On to Beat Bucs". Kentucky New Era. August 9, 1967. p. 6. External links[edit]
Career statistics and player information from MLB, or ESPN, or Baseball-Reference, or Fangraphs, or The Baseball Cube, or Baseball-Reference (Minors), or Baseball Almanac, or Baseball Gauge, or Estadisticas Beisbol profesional Venezolano (Venezuelan Professional Baseball League), or Retrosheet, or Ultimate Mets Database
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Patent US7842089 - Intervertebral disc prosthesis - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsThe invention relates to an intervertebral disc prosthesis comprising two half-shells (7, 10) clasping a compression pad. According to the invention, the central part of one (10) of the two half-shells comprises a shaft (14) which faces the other half-shell (7), while the central part of said second...http://www.google.com/patents/US7842089?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7842089 - Intervertebral disc prosthesisAdvanced Patent SearchTry the new Google Patents, with machine-classified Google Scholar results, and Japanese and South Korean patents.Publication numberUS7842089 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 10/583,316PCT numberPCT/FR2004/003295Publication dateNov 30, 2010Filing dateDec 17, 2004Priority dateDec 22, 2003Fee statusPaidAlso published asEP1696837A1, EP1696837B1, US20070276495, WO2005065595A1Publication number10583316, 583316, PCT/2004/3295, PCT/FR/2004/003295, PCT/FR/2004/03295, PCT/FR/4/003295, PCT/FR/4/03295, PCT/FR2004/003295, PCT/FR2004/03295, PCT/FR2004003295, PCT/FR200403295, PCT/FR4/003295, PCT/FR4/03295, PCT/FR4003295, PCT/FR403295, US 7842089 B2, US 7842089B2, US-B2-7842089, US7842089 B2, US7842089B2InventorsAlain AaronOriginal AssigneeFournitures Hospitalieres Industrie-F.H. IndustrieExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (8), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (9), Classifications (19), Legal Events (2) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetIntervertebral disc prosthesis
US 7842089 B2Abstract
The invention relates to an intervertebral disc prosthesis comprising two half-shells (7, 10) clasping a compression pad. According to the invention, the central part of one (10) of the two half-shells comprises a shaft (14) which faces the other half-shell (7), while the central part of said second half-shell (7) comprises a stud (13) which faces the first half-shell, said stud having a smaller cross-section than that of the shaft and being inserted therein. The sum of the lengths of the shaft (14) and the stud (13) is greater than the distance between the two half-shells (7, 10), the aforementioned compression pad being disposed between the two half-shells in the space between the shaft and the stud.
two plate-shaped or cup-shaped rigid half-shells, each of the half shells being configured to be fixed to one of two vertebrae adjacent to an intervertebral disc to be replaced, the two rigid half-shells being disposed on respective sides of a compression pad and affixed thereto; and
a first of said two half shells comprising, in a central zone thereof, a hollow shaft oriented toward a second of said two half shells, the second half-shell comprising, in a central zone thereof, a stud oriented toward the first half-shell and penetrating into the hollow shaft, the compression pad including a core portion operatively engaged between and in contact with the hollow shaft and the stud, and an outer ring portion disposed outwardly of the core portion and of the hollow shaft, wherein the outer ring portion comprises a first surface and a second surface opposed to the first surface, the first and second surfaces of the outer ring portion being respectively affixed to inner surfaces of the two half-shells.
2. The prosthesis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer ring portion of the compression pad is harder than the core portion of the compression pad.
3. The prosthesis as claimed in claim 2, wherein the outer ring portion is made of a polycarbonate urethane type material.
4. The prosthesis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the core portion is cup-shaped.
5. The prosthesis as claimed in claim 1, wherein said compression pad includes another portion disposed between a free end of the hollow shaft and the second half-shell.
6. The prosthesis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hollow shaft and the stud define an interior space between them, and wherein the core portion fills the interior space defined between the hollow shaft and the stud.
7. The prosthesis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer ring portion has a Shore A hardness of between 60 and 100.
8. The prosthesis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the core portion has a Shore A hardness of between 25 and 30.
9. The prosthesis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the core portion is made of a two-component silicone elastomer crosslinked at ambient temperature, and an encapsulating copolymer whose blowing agent is isobutane.
10. The prosthesis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the two half-shells are made of a titanium-based alloy.
11. The prosthesis as claimed in claim 1, wherein each half-shell comprises, on an outer face, pointed portions intended to promote its primary fixation to a vertebra.
12. The prosthesis as claimed in claim 1, wherein each half-shell comprises, on an inner face, lugs for attachment of the compression pad.
13. The prosthesis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stud is threadedly engaged in a through-hole in the second half-shell.
14. The prosthesis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stud and the shaft have trapezoidal cross sections.
15. The prosthesis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stud and the shaft have non-circular cross sections.
16. The prosthesis as claimed in claim 1, wherein outer surfaces of the half-shells comprise a coating for secondary osseous fixation.
17. The prosthesis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compressible pad is also secured to the hollow shaft and the stud.
a first of said two half shells comprising, in a central zone thereof, a hollow shaft oriented toward a second of said two half shells, the second half-shell comprising, in a central zone thereof, a stud oriented toward the first half-shell and penetrating into the hollow shaft, the compression pad including a core portion operatively engaged between and in contact with the hollow shaft and the stud and an outer ring portion disposed outwardly of the core portion and of the hollow shaft, wherein the outer ring portion comprises a first surface and a second surface opposed to the first surface, the first and second surfaces of the outer ring portion being respectively affixed to inner surfaces of the two half-shells, wherein the core portion of the compression pad comprises a first material and the outer ring portion of the compression pad comprises a second material, the second material being harder than the first material and being a polycarbonate urethane type material.
19. The prosthesis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first and second surfaces of the outer ring portion are respectively affixed to inner surfaces of the two half-shells via a mechanical fastener.
20. The prosthesis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the central zones of the two half shells are each defined by perimetric extents that are closer to a relative midpoint of each respective half shell than any edge of each respective half shell. Description
The present invention relates to a prosthesis designed to replace a damaged intervertebral disc of the spinal column.
It has an application in the field of orthopedic surgery.
The spinal column is composed of a set of superposed vertebrae that are connected to one another by fibro-cartilaginous discs called intervertebral discs. These intervertebral discs play a fundamental role in the statics and dynamics of the spinal column: they ensure the mobility of the vertebrae relative to one another.
These intervertebral discs are often subject to disorders associated with compression of the vertebrae, a herniated disc, a displacement of the vertebrae, or arthritic intervertebral degeneration. These disorders are very often the cause of pain or of functional problems that do not respond to medical treatment; in some cases, they can even be debilitating.
The method used to manage patients afflicted by these disorders generally involves a surgical intervention. Several surgical techniques are presently known.
The first technique involves simple excision of the disc; the damaged zone of the intervertebral disc is simply removed, which in turn suppresses the normal biomechanics of the disc. The two vertebrae adjacent to this disc then have reduced mobility relative to one another. In addition, such excision does not provide a definitive remedy to the patient's pain, since the damage to the disc may continue to worsen.
The second surgical technique involves intervertebral arthrodesis, by which the two vertebrae adjacent to the damaged disc are fused. This method does indeed provide a definitive remedy that blocks the development of the arthrosis, that is to say the degeneration of the disc. The main disadvantage of this method is that it suppresses all mobility of the disc.
The third technique, and presently the most common one, involves intervertebral arthroplastic surgery to replace the damaged disc by a prosthesis. Numerous types of prosthetic discs are known and are described in the work entitled “The Artificial Disc” edited by Mario Brock, H. Mickael Mayer and Klaus Weigel and published by Springer Verlag, 1991.
According to this work, the known prosthetic discs can be classed in two main categories:
The prostheses for which the fibrous part of the natural disc is preserved and used as a shell for the prosthesis. The inner core of the natural disc is then replaced either by a polymerizing product injected into the shell, or by elastic components introduced into the shell, or by a pouch inserted into the shell and inflated by means of a liquid or a polymer. Such a prosthesis is described in particular in the documents U.S. Pat. No. 4,772,287 and EP-A-0 277 282. The main difficulty in producing such a prosthesis lies in the fact that it is necessary to recover the geometry and compression resistance of the natural disc. In addition, such a prosthesis cannot be considered as a definitive remedy for the patient, since the preserved fibrous part of the disc may continue to deteriorate. The completely artificial prostheses which replace a natural disc that has been completely removed. A first technique for producing these completely artificial prostheses consists in introducing a sliding articulation between the two vertebrae. This articulation can be in direct contact with the vertebral plates; it can also consist of a ball centered as described in the document FR-A-2 372 622. Such a prosthesis with a centered ball has the disadvantage that the displacement of one vertebra relative to another causes friction in the area of the ball. This friction can produce irritation quite quickly and, after a certain length of time, can generate migrating pieces of debris caused by wear. This debris can produce a foreign-body reaction which, if it occurs in contact with the vertebral canal, can be the source of neurological problems.
A second technique for producing completely artificial prostheses consists in using a deformable architecture which is rigidly connected to the adjacent vertebral plates. Such a prosthesis is described, for example, in the document FR-A-2 124 815. This prosthesis consists more precisely of an element simulating the shape of an intervertebral disc and made of an elastomer material of the silicone type. Its disadvantage is that it provides only limited mobility of the adjacent vertebrae, its ability to deform being relatively limited. In addition, this prosthesis does not prohibit the radial expansion of the elastomer material under the stresses that are exerted on the prosthesis, and this is manifested in a risk of herniation to the vertebral canal.
Document FR 2 709 949 concerns an intervertebral disc prosthesis comprising two half-shells in the form of cups which are each fixed to one of the two vertebrae adjacent to the vertebral disc that is to be replaced, and between them is arranged a compression pad made of at least two materials, the pad being surrounded by a strap.
Such a prosthesis has the disadvantage of a lack of reliability on account of the risks of separation of the pad and the cups under the effect of the shearing forces that are exerted between the pad and the cups, in particular when the prosthesis is in an inclined position relative to the horizontal, under the conditions of use.
The rubbing of the pad against the strap can generate wear particles which lead to neurological disorders. In addition, the separation of the pad from the cups also leads to a risk of displacement of this pad, which can come into conflict with vital parts.
The technical problem on which the invention is based is that of producing an intervertebral disc prosthesis which is of a simple design and compact structure and which is perfectly safe to use, particularly by avoiding risks of separation of different component parts of the prosthesis, especially under the effect of shearing stresses.
To this end, the intervertebral disc prosthesis to which the invention relates, comprising two rigid half-shells in the form of cups or plates which are each intended to be fixed to one of the two vertebrae adjacent to the intervertebral disc to be replaced, the two half-shells enclosing a compression pad made of at least two materials of different hardness, is characterized in that one of the two half-shells comprises, in its central zone, a shaft which is oriented toward the other half-shell, the second half-shell comprising, in its central zone, a stud whose cross section is smaller than that of the shaft and which is oriented toward the first half-shell and is engaged in the shaft of the latter, the sum of the lengths of the shaft and of the stud being greater than the distance between the two half-shells, the compression pad being disposed between the two half-shells, including within the volume situated between the shaft and the stud.
This structure allows the prosthesis to perfectly withstand the shearing stresses, since these are no longer absorbed, as is usually the case, solely by the interfaces between the compression pad and the cups, with subsequent risk of separation, but also by compression between the central stud and the wall of the shaft. In addition, it should be noted that in the event of tearing at the interface between the pad and one of the two half-shells, safety is afforded by the fact that the pairing of stud and shaft will limit the relative displacement of the two rigid half-shells.
Advantageously, the volumes disposed outside and inside the shaft, respectively, are filled with compressible materials of different hardness, the compressible material situated outside the shaft being harder than the material situated inside the shaft. This is because the material situated outside the shaft has to absorb the compression forces due in particular to the weight of the body and the rotation forces during movements of the body. This material scarcely deforms under high loads. By contrast, the material situated inside the shaft has a lesser hardness and is slightly compressible in volume, with a reduced deformation under a reduced load.
Advantageously, the compressible material situated outside the shaft has a Shore A hardness of between 60 and 100, and preferably of 80, while the compressible material situated inside the shaft has a Shore A hardness of between 25 and 30, and preferably of 28.
According to one embodiment of this prosthesis, the compressible material situated outside the shaft is a synthetic material of the polycarbonate urethane type, and the compressible material situated inside the shaft can in particular be formed by a mixture of two-component silicone elastomer, crosslinking at ambient temperature, and of an encapsulating copolymer whose blowing agent is isobutane. It should be noted that polyurethane has excellent biostability properties. The two half-shells or plates are made of a titanium-based alloy, and they each comprise, on their outer face, points intended to promote their fixation to a vertebra, and, on their inner face, lugs for attachment of the compression pad.
According to an advantageous characteristic of the invention, the stud projecting from a half-shell is fixed by being screwed into a through-hole in the latter.
A method for producing this prosthesis involves placing the two half-shells in a mold, with the stud withdrawn, injecting the material of greater hardness into the volume outside the shaft, pouring the material of lesser hardness into the volume inside the shaft via the opening which is formed in the half-shell and is intended to receive the stud, and then fixing the stud in place by screwing.
The opening formed in the outer half-shell is occluded by the stud, which is fixed by screwing before the end of crosslinking of the elastomer, which thus ensures it is impossible for the screw to come loose within the human body. It should also be noted that the outer material adheres to the titanium plate, ensuring sufficient leaktightness to permit pouring of the material situated inside the shaft, without loss of material.
The invention will in any case be fully understood from the following description in which reference is made to the attached diagrammatic drawings which show, as non-limiting examples, two embodiments of this prosthesis.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a portion of the spinal column including a prosthesis according to the invention.
FIG. 2 is a view in transverse section, and on an enlarged scale, of this prosthesis along the line II-II in FIG. 3.
FIG. 3 is a plan view of this prosthesis.
FIG. 4 is a view thereof in transverse section through another plane.
FIGS. 5 and 6 are two views of this prosthesis under shearing stresses, in a case in which it is functioning normally and in a case involving tearing of an interface, respectively.
FIG. 7 is a view, similar to FIG. 2, of another prosthesis.
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of this prosthesis along the line VIII-VIII in FIG. 7.
FIG. 1 of the attached drawing shows a segment of the spinal column, more specifically illustrating four vertebrae 2, the three upper vertebrae being connected by two intervertebral discs 3, and the two lower vertebrae being connected by an intervertebral prosthesis 4. This figure also shows the vertebral canal 5 filled with spinal cord, and the spinous processes 6.
FIG. 3 shows an intervertebral prosthesis in a front view. In this figure, a plate 7 can be seen which is a constituent part of the prosthesis and which is made of titanium alloy and has a substantially rectilinear side 8, and a curved side 9 with a toothing. This toothing makes it easier for the practitioner to maneuver the prosthesis when fitting it in place.
The prosthesis is better illustrated in FIG. 2. This prosthesis comprises an upper plate 7 and a lower plate 10 which are made of a titanium-based alloy. The upper plate 7 comprises, at its center, an internally threaded opening 12 allowing a threaded cylindrical stud 13 to be fitted by screwing. The plate 10 for its part comprises, in its central zone, a shaft 14 of circular cross section projecting toward the plate 7. The cumulative length of the stud 13 and of the shaft 14 is greater than the distance between the two plates 7 and 10. A pad of compressible material is disposed between the two plates 7 and 10. This pad, made in two parts, comprises a first material 15 disposed outside the shaft 14 and made of a harder compressible material than a compressible material 16 disposed inside the shaft, filling the space between it and the stud 13.
As can be seen from FIGS. 2 through 4, the plates 7 and 10 comprise, on their outer faces, points 17 which are intended to promote fixation to the vertebrae against which the plates are in contact. In addition, as is shown in FIG. 4, the plates 7 and 10 comprise, on their inner faces, that is to say on their faces directed toward one another, lugs 18 which promote attachment of the compressible damping material 15.
It should be noted that the compressible material 15 can be a synthetic material of the polyurethane type, while the material 16 can be formed by a mixture of two-component silicone elastomer, crosslinking at ambient temperature, and of an encapsulating copolymer whose blowing agent is isobutane.
FIGS. 5 and 6 show the prosthesis during its functioning, and in particular in the case of inclined functioning, which is normal on account of the location of certain prostheses. It will be seen from FIG. 5 that there is, on the one hand, a shearing movement between the compressible materials and the plates, but also a phenomenon of compression of the material 16 between the shaft 14 and the stud 13. This compression effect makes it possible to limit the effects of the shearing, and in particular to avoid separation between the compressible material 15 and one or other of the plates.
FIG. 6 shows the extreme case of tearing of the interface between the compressible material 15 and the upper plate 7. It is interesting to note that even in this extreme hypothetical situation, total separation of the various components does not occur, because the stud 13 comes to bear against the shaft 14, with interposition of a certain amount of material, which thus avoids any risk to the patient.
FIGS. 7 and 8 show an alternative embodiment of this prosthesis in which the same elements are designated by the same references as before. In this case, the stud 13 and the shaft 14 have a trapezoidal cross section, in longitudinal section, the cross section of the stud diminishing toward its free end. In addition, seen in transverse section, the stud 13 and the shaft 14 have a non-circular cross section, for example in the shape of an ellipse, in order to prevent a relative rotation of the two half-shells 7, 10 or of the compressible material 15.
In all cases, it is advantageous for the outer surfaces of the half-shells to comprise a coating of hydroxyapatite or creation of micro-porosities.
As will be evident from the above, the invention affords a considerable improvement to the existing technology by making available an intervertebral prosthesis of simple and compact structure which, in view of its structure, can be made with materials and in particular with plates of reduced thickness, while at the same time having excellent stability and excellent reliability.
It will be appreciated that the invention is not limited to the embodiments of this intervertebral prosthesis that have been described above by way of example, and that instead it encompasses all variants thereof. In particular, the compressible materials could be different, the stud of the upper plate could be non-removable, or the plates could have a cup shape instead of a plane shape, without thereby departing from the scope of the invention.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS4759769 *Jun 22, 1987Jul 26, 1988Health & Research Services Inc.Artificial spinal discUS5674294 *Sep 14, 1994Oct 7, 1997Commissariat A L'energie AtomiqueIntervertebral disk prosthesisUS6582468 *Dec 9, 1999Jun 24, 2003Spryker SpineIntervertebral disc prosthesis with compressible bodyUS20030074067 *Nov 14, 2002Apr 17, 2003Errico Joseph P.Artificial intervertebral disc having a captured ball and socket joint with a solid ball and compression locking postUS20040193273 *Mar 31, 2003Sep 30, 2004Shih-Shing HuangVividly simulated prosthetic intervertebral discFR2709949A1 Title not availableFR2723841A1 Title not availableFR2734148A1 Title not available* Cited by examinerNon-Patent CitationsReference1 *Barrans, Jr., Richard E.; "Liquids, Solids, and Compressibility"; Sep. 30, 2002.2International Search Report; PCT/FR2004/003295; May 6, 2005.* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS8172902 *Jul 16, 2009May 8, 2012Spinemedica, LlcSpinal interbody spacersUS8182536 *Feb 1, 2006May 22, 2012Synthes Usa, LlcTotal disc replacement deviceUS8956412 *Jun 22, 2007Feb 17, 2015Axiomed, LLCArtificial discUS9060871Jan 6, 2012Jun 23, 2015DePuy Synthes Products, Inc.Total disc replacement deviceUS20080319548 *Jun 22, 2007Dec 25, 2008Axiomed Spine CorporationArtificial discUS20090076613 *Jul 25, 2008Mar 19, 2009Lutz BiedermannIntervertebral disc prosthesisUS20100016970 *Jul 16, 2009Jan 21, 2010John KapitanSpinal interbody spacersUS20100036497 *Feb 1, 2006Feb 11, 2010Beat LechmannTotal disc replacement deviceUS20150045890 *Apr 25, 2012Feb 12, 2015Universite Lille 1 Sciences Et TechnologiesIntervertebral disc prosthesis made from thermoplastic material having graduated mechanical properties* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification623/17.16International ClassificationA61F2/00, A61F2/30, A61F2/44Cooperative ClassificationA61F2002/30016, A61F2002/30354, A61F2220/0025, A61F2002/443, A61F2310/00796, A61F2220/0033, A61F2310/00023, A61F2250/0019, A61F2/442, A61F2002/30841, A61F2002/30014, A61F2002/30563, A61F2002/30507, A61F2250/0018European ClassificationA61F2/44DLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionFeb 28, 2007ASAssignmentOwner name: FOURNITURES HOSPITALIERES INDUSTRIE-F.H. INDUSTRIEFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:AARON, ALAIN;REEL/FRAME:018976/0994Effective date: 20070117Apr 15, 2014FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services

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City View Motel, Hobart, Australia - Booking.com
City View Motel, Hobart (Australia) deals
30 Tasman Highway, Montagu Bay, 7018 Hobart, Australia – Show map
Good 7.8 265 reviews
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Staff very friendly location was great & views amazing
Very out dated No water in the shower Shower curtain rail was falling off
Simple breakfast supplies would be helpful, but overall great location, friendly staff. Clean linen. A bit dated. Value for money. Lovely city and river view.
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Bed was very comfortable! Location was really easy to get to from the airport and it took us no time at all to get to the CBD.
view, comfortable bed, facilities, friendly staff, close to city but not in the city, shower,
Recommend the Italian restaurant Venezia Italia on the east Derwent highway for a great meal. Open when most everything else isn't!
This property is 12 minutes walk from the beach. Step back in time with the 1960s architecture and ambience of City View Motel, which is located in Montagu Bay, a popular yachting spot across the river from Hobart CBD (Central Business District), Tasmania’s capital.
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Room facilities: Tea/Coffee Maker, Shower, Bath, TV, Telephone, Hairdryer, Wake Up Service/Alarm Clock, Iron, Radio, Refrigerator, Desk, Ironing Facilities, Free toiletries, Toilet, Bathroom, Heating, Bath or Shower, Carpeted, View, Alarm clock, Towels/Sheets (extra fee), Wardrobe/Closet, City view, Towels, Linen, Toilet paper, Trash cans
Just booked in Hobart: 4 properties like City View Motel were just booked on our site
Eastlands Shopping Centre 0.4 miles
Botanical Gardens 1.7 miles
Hobart Aquatic Centre 1.8 miles
Baha'i Centre of Learning for Tasmania 1.9 miles
Federation Concert Hall 1.9 miles
TasTAFE 2.1 miles
Magistrates Court 2.1 miles
Franklin Wharf 2.1 miles
Maritime Museum of Tasmania 2.1 miles
Parliament Square 2.3 miles
University of Tasmania 3.4 miles
Cascades Female Factory 3.9 miles
Cascade Brewery 4.3 miles
Derwent Entertainment Centre 4.8 miles
Museum of Old and New Art - MONA 6.2 miles
Kingborough Sports Centre 8.2 miles
Eastland Shopping Complex Supermarket 0.3 miles
Eastland Shopping Complex Cafe/bar 0.3 miles
Bellerive Market Market 0.6 miles
Bellerive Village Restaurant 0.6 miles
Derwent River 0.3 miles
Mt Wellington Mountain 19.3 miles
Hobart International Airport 7.4 miles
“Staff very very good. View good.”
“Friendly staff, good location, spacious room, comfortable bed, good heating”
“clean room very friendly staff view over city was great and close to shopping center”
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Travelodge Hotel Hobart has a location score of 8.5
Show reviews from: All reviewers Families (41) Couples (134) Groups of friends (32) Solo travellers (58) Business travellers (20) Show reviews from: All review scores Superb: 9+ (62) Good: 7 – 9 (143) Okay: 5 – 7 (49) Poor: 3 – 5 (9) Very poor: 1 – 3 (2)
10 “bed was great and the room very clean staff were great could not be happier thanks CITY VIEW”
10 “Staff very friendly location was great & views amazing”
6.3 “Very out dated No water in the shower Shower curtain rail was falling off”
7.1 “Simple breakfast supplies would be helpful, but overall great location, friendly staff. Clean linen. A bit dated. Value for money. Lovely city and river view.”
10 “Everything...quiet, comfy,heat pump in room, five minute walk to shops, will be definately staying here again”
8.8 “Comfortable, spacious, fantastic view and nice retro feel with very helpful staff. Nature reserve at the rear of the property is great for a bushland walk and at dusk is full of wallabies, an amazing sight for anyone from overseas or interstate.”
8.8 “Nice area, walking distance to a shopping mall, good view of the city and waterfront.”
7.1 “Bed was very comfortable! Location was really easy to get to from the airport and it took us no time at all to get to the CBD.”
7.9 “view, comfortable bed, facilities, friendly staff, close to city but not in the city, shower,”
7.5 “Recommend the Italian restaurant Venezia Italia on the east Derwent highway for a great meal. Open when most everything else isn't!”
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Hobart International Airport (HBA) 7.4 miles
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