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Patent US20060077651 - EL display device and electronic device - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA cover member is adhered onto a substrate on which an EL element is formed with a filler as an adhesive. Further, a sealing member is provided so as to cover a side surface (an exposing surface) of the filler, and a frame member is adhered using the sealing member. With this structure, the EL element...http://www.google.com/patents/US20060077651?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US20060077651 - EL display device and electronic deviceAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS20060077651 A1Publication typeApplicationApplication numberUS 11/271,921Publication dateApr 13, 2006Filing dateNov 14, 2005Priority dateFeb 15, 2001Also published asUS7222981Publication number11271921, 271921, US 2006/0077651 A1, US 2006/077651 A1, US 20060077651 A1, US 20060077651A1, US 2006077651 A1, US 2006077651A1, US-A1-20060077651, US-A1-2006077651, US2006/0077651A1, US2006/077651A1, US20060077651 A1, US20060077651A1, US2006077651 A1, US2006077651A1InventorsShunpei Yamazaki, Yasuyuki Arai, Mayumi MizukamiOriginal AssigneeSemiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManReferenced by (8), Classifications (4), Legal Events (2) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetEL display device and electronic deviceUS 20060077651 A1Abstract A cover member is adhered onto a substrate on which an EL element is formed with a filler as an adhesive. Further, a sealing member is provided so as to cover a side surface (an exposing surface) of the filler, and a frame member is adhered using the sealing member. With this structure, the EL element is completely sealed by the filler, and shut from moisture and the like from the outside. Thus, deterioration of an EL layer due to oxidization can be prevented. Images(10) Claims(20)
1. An EL display device comprising: a substrate; an EL element formed over the substrate; a transparent cover member provided with a color filter; a filler for adhering said substrate to said cover member; a sealing member for covering a side surface of said filler; a frame member adhered with said sealing member; wherein said color filter is disposed between said substrate and said transparent cover member. 2. The EL display device according to claim 1 wherein said transparent covering member is a glass substrate. 3. The EL display device according to claim 1 wherein said transparent covering member is a plastic substrate. 4. The EL display deice according to claim 1 wherein said filler contains a draying agent therein. 5. The EL display device according to claim 1 wherein said EL element emits white light. 6. An EL display device comprising: a substrate; an EL element formed over the substrate; a transparent cover member provided with a color filter and a light shielding film; a filler for adhering said substrate to said cover member; a sealing member for covering a side surface of said filler; a frame member adhered with said sealing member; wherein said color filter is disposed between said substrate and said transparent cover member. 7. The EL display device according to claim 6 wherein said transparent covering member is a glass substrate. 8. The EL display device according to claim 6 wherein said transparent covering member is a plastic substrate. 9. The EL display deice according to claim 6 wherein said filler contains a draying agent therein. 10. The EL display deice according to claim 6 wherein said light shielding film comprises a resin which contains black pigment or carbon. 11. An EL display device comprising: a substrate; an EL element formed over the substrate; a thin film transistor electrically connected to said EL element; a transparent cover member provided with a color filter; a filler for adhering said substrate to said cover member; a sealing member for covering a side surface of said filler; a frame member adhered with said sealing member; wherein said color filter is disposed between said substrate and said transparent cover member. 12. The EL display device according to claim 11 wherein said transparent covering member is a glass substrate. 13. The EL display device according to claim 11 wherein said transparent covering member is a plastic substrate. 14. The EL display deice according to claim 11 wherein said filler contains a draying agent therein. 15. The EL display device according to claim 11 wherein said EL element emits white light. 16. An EL display device comprising: a substrate; an EL element formed over the substrate; a thin film transistor electrically connected to said EL element; a transparent cover member provided with a color filter and a light shielding film; a filler for adhering said substrate to said cover member; a sealing member for covering a side surface of said filler; a frame member adhered with said sealing member; wherein said color filter is disposed between said substrate and said transparent cover member. 17. The EL display device according to claim 16 wherein said transparent covering member is a glass substrate. 18. The EL display device according to claim 16 wherein said transparent covering member is a plastic substrate. 19. The EL display deice according to claim 16 wherein said filler contains a draying agent therein. 20. The EL display deice according to claim 16 wherein said light shielding film comprises a resin which contains black pigment or carbon.
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION This application is a continuation application of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/783,426, filed on Feb. 15, 2001, now allowed. This application claims priority to this application and this application is incorporated by reference.
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an EL (electroluminescence) display device and an electronic device using the display device, and more specifically, relates to a technique for preventing deterioration of an EL element. PRIOR ART In recent years, development of a display device using an EL element as a self-light emitting element that utilizes an EL phenomenon of an organic material (EL display device) is being progressed. The EL display device is a self-light emitting type, and thus, does not need a back light unlike a liquid crystal display device. Further, the EL display device has a wide viewing angle, and therefore, is promising as a display portion of a portable device used outdoors. SUMMARY In one general aspect, an EL display device includes a substrate on which an EL element is formed, a cover member, a filler for adhering said substrate on which the EL element is formed to said cover member, a sealing member for covering a side surface of said filler, and a frame member adhered with said sealing member. In another general aspect, an EL display device includes an active matrix substrate on which a TFT and an EL element electrically connected with the TFT are formed, a cover member, a filler for adhering said active matrix substrate to said cover member, a sealing member for covering a side surface of said filler, and a frame member adhered with said sealing member. In another general aspect, an EL display device includes a substrate on which an EL element composed of an anode arranged in a stripe, a cathode arranged in a stripe so as to be perpendicular to said anode, and an EL layer formed between said anode and said cathode, a cover member, a filler for adhering said substrate on which the EL element is formed to said cover member, a sealing member for covering a side surface of said filler, and a frame member adhered with said sealing member. Implementations of the EL display devices may include one or more the following features. For example, the EL display devices may include a drying agent in the filler. The drying agent may include barium oxide. The drying agent may have a granular shape with an average diameter of 100 μm�, and a density of 1�102 to 1�105 atoms/cm3. The cover member may be provided with a light shielding film or color filter. An electronic device and/or a portable telephone may include the EL display devices in a display portion thereof. An object of the present invention is to provide an EL display device with high reliability. Further, another object of the present invention is to provide an electronic device using such an EL display device with high reliability as its display portion.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1A is a side view of an EL display device without a sealing structure. FIG. 1B is a side view of the EL display device of FIG. 1B with a sealing structure. FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional side view of the EL display device of FIG. 1B taken along section lines A-A′. FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional side view of the EL display device of FIG. 1B taken along section lines B-B′. FIG. 3 is a cross-section side view of an EL display device. FIG. 4 is a plan view of a bonding apparatus of a double vacuum system. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional side view of an EL display device in which a PVF film is used as a cover member. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional side view of a simple matrix EL display device having a cover member. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional side view of a simple matrix EL display device. FIG. 8A is a perspective view of an EL display. FIG. 8B is a perspective view of an EL display implemented in a video camera. FIG. 8C is a perspective view of an EL display implemented as a head mounted display. FIG. 8D is a perspective view of an EL display implemented in a DVD playback device. FIG. 8E is a perspective view of an EL display implemented in a device with a camera and a display portion. FIG. 8F is a perspective view of an EL display implemented in a portable computer. FIG. 9A is a perspective view of a portable telephone in which the EL display has been incorporated. FIG. 9B is a perspective view of a car audio system in which the EL display has been incorporated.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION A structure of the present invention is explained with reference to FIG. 1. FIG. 1A shows an EL display device of the present invention in a state that a sealing structure for sealing an EL element in a sealing space is not provided. In FIG. 1A, reference numeral 101 indicates a substrate, 102 indicates a pixel portion, 103 indicates a source side driver circuit, 104 indicates a gate side driver circuit, and 105 indicates a connection wiring for electrically connecting the pixel portion 102, the source side driver circuit 103, and the gate side driver circuit 104 to a flexible printed circuit (FPC) 106. Further, the FPC is electrically connected to an external apparatus, whereby a signal from the outside can be input to the pixel portion 102, the source side driver circuit 103, and the gate side driver circuit 104. The pixel portion 102, the source side driver circuit 103, and the gate side driver circuit 104 are formed of thin film transistors (hereinafter referred to as TFTs) formed on the substrate 101. Note that TFTs having any structure may be used as the TFTS. Of course, the TFTs may adopt a known structure. FIG. 1B shows a state that the sealing structure is provided in the state of FIG. 1A. The sealing structure of the present invention includes a filler (not shown), a cover member 107, a sealing member (not shown), and a frame member 108. Here, the cross-sectional view taken along with a line A-A′ of FIG. 1B and the cross-sectional view taken along with a line B-B′ of FIG. 1B are shown in FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B, respectively. In FIGS. 2A and 2B, the same reference numerals are used for the same portions as in FIGS. 1A and 1B. As shown in FIG. 2A, the pixel portion 102 and the driver circuit 103 are formed on the substrate 101, and the pixel portion 102 is formed by a plurality of pixels each including a current control TFT 201 and a pixel electrode 202 electrically connected therewith. This pixel electrode 202 functions as an anode of an EL element. Further, an EL layer 203 is formed so as to cover the pixel electrode 202, and a cathode 204 of the EL element is formed thereon. Note that, in this specification, an element composed of an anode/an EL layer/a cathode is referred to as an EL element. In actuality, an electric current is made to flow between the anode and the cathode, and an electron and a hole are recombined in the EL layer, thereby obtaining light emission. Further, there is no particular limitation on the structure of the EL element in the present invention. Generally, a film having a large work function, for example, a transparent conductive film is used as the anode, and a film having a small work function, for example, a film containing alkali metal or alkaline-earth metals is used as the cathode. In addition, the EL layer can adopt any known structure. Note that, in this specification, the EL layer refers to a layer that provides the place for transfer, transportation, or recombination of carriers, which is located between the anode and the cathode. There may be a case where the EL layer is comprised of only a light-emitting layer that becomes the center of recombination. However, the light emitting layer in combination with an electron injecting layer, an electron transporting layer, a hole injecting layer, and a hole transporting layer is generally used. Further, there are inorganic materials and organic materials for a material forming the EL layer. The organic materials sufficed with a small driving voltage are preferable. Further, there are low molecular weight materials and high molecular weight (polymer) materials in the organic materials. The high molecular weight materials are effective in terms of high heat-resistance and easy film deposition. Incidentally, the pixel portion 102 and the driver circuit 103 are simultaneously formed. The driver circuit 103 is formed by a CMOS circuit as a base unit, in which an n-channel TFT 205 and a p-channel TFT 206 are complementarily combined, in many cases. Further, the cathode 204 also functions as a common wiring to all the pixels, and is electrically connected with the FPC 106 through the connection wiring 105. Besides, all the elements included in the pixel portion 102 and the driver circuit 103 are covered by a passivation film 207. The passivation film 207 can be omitted, but it is preferable to provide the film in order to shut the respective elements from the outside. Next, a filler 208 is provided so as to cover the EL element. This filler 208 functions also as an adhesive for adhering the cover member 107. As the filler 208, a PVC (polyvinyl chloride), an epoxy resin, a silicone resin, a PVB (polyvinyl butyral), or an EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) can be used. It is preferable that a drying agent is provided inside the filler 208, thereby being capable of maintaining a moisture absorbing effect. Further, as the cover member 107, a glass plate, an aluminum plate, a stainless plate, an FRP (fiberglass-reinforced plastics) plate, a PVF (polyvinyl fluoride) film, a mylar film, a polyester film, or an acrylic film may be used. Note that, in the case where PVB or EVA is used as the filler 208, it is preferable to use a sheet having a structure in which an aluminum foil with a thickness of several tens of μm is sandwiched by the PVF film or the mylar film. Note that the cover member 107 may need to have a light transmitting property depending on a light emission direction (light radiation direction) from the EL element. Namely, since light is radiated to the side opposite to the cover member 107 in case of FIG. 2, it does not matter what material is used for the cover member 107. However, in the case where light is radiated to the cover member 107 side, it is preferable that the cover member 107 is formed from the material having high transmissivity. Next, after the cover member 107 is adhered using the filler 208, the frame member 108 is attached so as to cover a side surface (exposing surface) of the filler 208. The frame member 108 is adhered by a sealing member (functioning as an adhesive) 209. At this time, a photo curable resin is preferably used as the sealing member 209, but a thermosetting resin may be used if the heat-resistance of the EL layer permits. Note that the sealing member 209 is preferably formed from a material that does not transmit moisture or oxygen as much as possible. Further, a drying agent may be added inside the sealing member 209. The EL element can be completely shut from the outside by sealing the EL element into the filler 208 with the above method, and the substances, which promote deterioration of the EL layer due to oxidization, such as moisture and oxygen can be prevented from permeating the EL element from the outside. Therefore, the EL display device with high reliability can be manufactured. Embodiment mode of the present invention is explained with reference to FIG. 3. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an EL display device of the present invention. Note that the basic structure is the same as FIG. 2A, and thus, the explanation is made as the need arises. In the EL display device of FIG. 3, a pixel portion 302 and a driver circuit 303 are formed by TFTs formed on a glass substrate 301. Further, a current control TFT formed in the pixel portion 302 is electrically connected with an EL element 304. Note that, instead of the glass substrate, a quartz substrate, a silicon substrate, a stainless substrate, a plastic substrate (including a plastic film), or a ceramics substrate may be used. Note that an insulating film needs to be provided on the substrate depending on the situation. Further, in this embodiment mode, an EL layer containing a light emitting layer made from a high molecular weight organic material and an anode formed from a transparent conductive film common to respective pixels are formed on a pixel electrode (cathode) connected with the current control TFT, thereby obtaining the EL element. As the high molecular weight organic material, any known material may be used, or a lamination of low molecular weight organic materials may be used. Also, any known lamination structure may be adopted. In this embodiment mode, a white color light emitting layer is formed on the cathode in accordance with Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. Hei 8-96959. As the transparent conductive film that becomes the anode, a compound of indium oxide and tin oxide, a compound of indium oxide and zinc oxide, tin oxide, or zinc oxide may be used. PVB is provided as a filler 305 on an active matrix substrate including the above structure, and barium oxide as a drying agent 306 is included in the filler 305. In addition to barium oxide, the substances described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. Hei 9-148066 may be used. Further, the addition of the drying agent is not essential in the present invention, but is preferable in order to increase the reliability more. Note that the drying agent may be added in any form. However, dispersing the drying agent with a cluster shape may be the cause of dropping brightness of an image, and thus, the drying agent is preferably dispersed with a small granular shape as much as possible. The preferable state is such that the granular-shape drying agent with an average diameter of 100 μmΦ or less is included with a density of 1�102 to 1�105 atoms/cm3. A glass substrate as a cover member 307 is provided on the filler 305. In this embodiment mode, the cover member 307 needs to have a light transmitting property. This is because light emitted from the light emitting layer transmits the cover member 307 to reach an observer in accordance with the structure of the EL element. Of course, instead of the glass substrate, a plastic substrate (including a plastic film), a quartz substrate, or a PVF film may be used as the cover member 307. Further, in this embodiment mode, the cover member 307 is provided with a light shielding film 308 and a color filter 309. A resin containing black pigment or carbon may be used for the light shielding film 308. Of course, a metal film such as a titanium film, a tantalum film, or a tungsten film may be used. Besides, a resin containing red, green, or blue pigment may be used for the color filter 309. A known method such as an ink jet method or a spin coating method may be used for a method of depositing the light shielding-film 308 and the color filter 309. In this embodiment mode, a single layer of a white color light emitting layer is used as the EL element, and the white color light emitted from the layer is color-separated by the color filter to obtain colors of red, green and blue. Thus, color display is enabled. Note that a color display method usable in the present invention may be any known method. Further, not only color display but also monochrome display with single color emission is possible. Here, a method of adhering the cover member 307 using the filler 305 is described with reference to FIG. 4. The apparatus shown in FIG. 4 is a bonding apparatus of a system called a double vacuum system. This bonding apparatus has a first vacuum chamber 401 and a second vacuum chamber 402, and each of the chambers is provided with a first exhaust means 403, a second exhaust means 404, a first leak valve 405, and a second leak valve 406. Further, the second vacuum chamber 402 is provided with a heating means 407, and the temperature inside the first vacuum chamber 401 can be raised by resistance heating. Moreover, an active matrix substrate (substrate finished through the formation of the TFT and the EL element) 408, a PVB film 409, and a cover member 410 are arranged within the second vacuum chamber 402. Next, the inside of the first vacuum chamber 401 and the second vacuum chamber 402 is exhausted to form a vacuum. Then, the inside of the second vacuum chamber 402 is heated to approximately 120� C. by the heating means 407 in this state, and thus, the PVB film 409 exhibits flowability. When the PVB film 409 shows the flowability, the leak valve 405 of the first vacuum chamber 401 is opened, and the inside of the fist vacuum chamber 401 is exposed to an atmosphere to be pressurized. When the first vacuum chamber 401 is pressurized, a diaphragm (formed of silicone, rubber or the like) that partitions the first vacuum chamber 401 and the second vacuum chamber 402 pressures the cover member 410 of the second vacuum chamber 402, and the active matrix substrate 408 and the cover member 410 are completely adhered by the filler 409. Thereafter, the second vacuum chamber 402 is returned to a room temperature, and exposed to the atmosphere by the leak valve 406. Note that the second vacuum chamber 402 may be forcedly cooled by circulating a cooling water or the like. As described above, a process of bonding the active matrix substrate to the cover member is conducted. Note that the double vacuum system is used in this embodiment mode, but a single vacuum system may also be used. Either technique is described in detail in �Solar Cell Handbook, Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan, Investigation Committee of a Solar Cell(?) ed., pp. 165-166, 1985�. In this way, the active matrix substrate and the cover member 307 are bonded to each other by the filler 305. Then, a frame member 310 is adhered by the sealing member 309 to completely cover the end surface of the filler 305. In this embodiment mode, an ultraviolet ray curing epoxy resin is used as the sealing member 309, and a stainless material is attached as the frame member 310. The EL display device as shown in FIG. 3 is thus completed. Since moisture and oxygen do not permeate such an EL display device from the outside, deterioration of the EL layer can be prevented, and the life of the EL element is long. That is, the EL display device has very high reliability. EMBODIMENTS Embodiment 1 In this embodiment, an example of using a PVF film as a cover member is shown in FIG. 5. In FIG. 5, reference numeral 501 indicates a light transmitting substrate (a plastic substrate in this embodiment), 502 indicates a pixel portion, 503 indicates a driver circuit, and the respective portions are formed of TFTs. Besides, an EL element 504 is formed in the pixel portion 502, and image display is performed. A cover member 507 is bonded onto an active matrix substrate finished through the formation of the EL element (or a passivation film thereon) through a filler 505 added with a drying agent 506. The bonding apparatus shown in FIG. 4 may be used in this bonding process. This cover member 507 has a structure in which PVF films 507 a and 507 b sandwich an aluminum foil 507 c. The aluminum foil 507 c is provided in order to increase moisture-resistance. Thereafter, a sealing member 508 made of an ultraviolet ray curing resin is used to attach a frame member 509. In this embodiment, a stainless material is used as the frame member 509. Finally, an FPC 510 is attached to complete an EL display device. Embodiment 2 In this embodiment, an example of implementing the present invention in a simple matrix EL display device is shown in FIG. 6. In FIG. 6, reference numeral 601 indicates a plastic substrate, and reference numeral 602 indicates a cathode with a lamination structure of an aluminum film and a lithium fluoride film (the lithium fluoride film corresponds to the portion contacting an EL layer). In this embodiment, the cathode 602 is formed by an evaporation method. Note that, although not shown in FIG. 6, a plurality of cathodes is arranged in stripe in a direction perpendicular to the paper. An EL layer (only a light emitting layer) 603 formed of a high molecular weight organic material is formed on the cathode 602 by a printing method. In this embodiment, PVK (polyvinyl carbazole), Bu-PBD (2-(4′-tert-butylphenyl)-5-(4″-biphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole), coumarin 6, DCM1 (4-dicyanomethylene-2-methyl-6-p-dimethylaminostyryl-4H-pyran), TPB (tetraphenylbutadiene), and nile red are dissolved into 1,2-dichloromethane. The resultant is transferred onto the cathode 602 by the printing method, and then is burned to form the EL layer 603 emitting white light. Note that, in this embodiment, the EL layer 603 takes a single layer structure of only the light emitting layer described above. However, an electron injecting layer, an electron transporting layer, a hole transporting layer, a hole injecting layer, an electron inhibiting layer, or a hole element layer may be provided if necessary. After the EL layer 603 is formed, an anode 604 made of a transparent conductive film is formed. In this embodiment, a compound of indium oxide and zinc oxide is formed as the transparent conductive film by the evaporation method. Note that, although not shown in FIG. 6, a plurality of anodes are arranged in stripe such that the direction perpendicular to the paper is a longitudinal direction and that the anode is perpendicular to the cathodes. Further, although not shown in the figure, a wiring line of the anode 604 is drawn out to the portion where an FPC is attached later so as to be applied with a predetermined voltage. After the anode 604 is formed, a silicon nitride film of 100 nm thickness is formed as a passivation film 605. This is a protective film for not making the EL layer 603 be exposed to an atmosphere in the later adhesion of a cover member and the like. As described above, an EL element is formed on the substrate 601. Next, a plastic plate is prepared as a cover member 606, and a light shielding film 607 and a color filter 608 are formed on the surface of the cover member 606. A resin containing carbon is used for the light shielding film 607, and a resin containing pigment corresponding to RGB is used for the color filter 608. An ink jet method, a spin coating method, or a printing method may be used for a film deposition method. Further, since the light emitted from the EL element transmits the cover member 606 to enter observer's eyes with the structure in this embodiment, the cover member 606 has light transmitting property. The plastic plate is used in this embodiment, but a light transmitting substrate such as a glass plate, a PVF film (or a light transmitting film) may be used. When the cover member 606 is prepared in this way, the cover member 606 is bonded through a filler 610 added with a drying agent 609. In a bonding process, the bonding apparatus shown in FIG. 4 may be used. Thereafter, a frame member 612 is attached by using a sealing member 611 made of an ultraviolet ray curing resin. In this embodiment, a stainless material is used as the frame member 612. Finally, an FPC 613 is attached to complete an EL display device. Embodiment 3 In this embodiment, an example of implementing the present invention in a simple matrix EL display device is shown in FIG. 7. In FIG. 7, reference numeral 701 indicates a glass substrate, and reference numeral 702 indicates an anode made of a transparent conductive film. In this embodiment, a compound of indium oxide and tin oxide is formed by a sputtering method. Note that, although not shown in FIG. 7, a plurality of anodes is arranged in stripe in a direction perpendicular to the paper. An insulating film (a silicon nitride film in this embodiment) 703 is formed on the anode 702 by photolithography, and a spacer 704 made of resin such as acrylic or polyimide is formed on the insulating film 703. The spacer 704 is formed so as to have an upside-down triangle shape. In order to obtain the upside-down triangle shape, the resin film that becomes the spacer may be provided with a lamination structure, and the film with a faster etching rate may be used for the lower layers. Further, the spacers 704 are formed in stripe with the direction perpendicular to the paper being a longitudinal direction. After the spacer 704 is formed, an EL layer 705 and a cathode 706 are formed in succession without breaking a vacuum by an evaporation method. As the EL layer 705, a structure is adopted, in which CuPc (copper phthalocyanine) of 30 nm thickness, TPD (triphenylamine derivative) of 50 nm thickness, and Alq (tris-8-aluminum quinolinolate complex) of 50 nm thickness are laminated from the anode side. However, the layer thickness is not limited to this. Further, an MgAg (an alloy co-evaporated with the ratio of Mg:Ag=10:1) electrode of 120 nm thickness is used as the cathode 706. Thus, an EL element emitting-green light is formed. Being evaporated using a shadow mask, the EL layer 705 and the cathode 706 can be selectively formed without forming them in unnecessary portions. Further, since the separation of pixels 707 is conducted by the spacer 704 in a pixel portion, the pixels 707 can be integrated with high density. Of course, the EL layers 705 and the cathodes 706 are formed in stripe along the spacers 704 with the direction perpendicular to the paper being the longitudinal direction. Further, with this structure, the cathode 706 is arranged so as to be perpendicular to the anode 702. After the completion through the formation of the cathode 706 without breaking the vacuum, an electrode made of an aluminum film is formed as a protective electrode 708 without further breaking the vacuum. The protective electrode 708 functions as a conductor for uniformly applying a voltage to the cathode 706 while functioning as a protective film for preventing oxidization of the cathode 706. Note that, although not shown in the figure, the protective electrode 708 is electrically connected with the cathode so as to apply the same voltage to all the cathodes, and is drawn out to the portion where an FPC is attached later so as to be applied with a predetermined voltage. As described above, an EL element is formed on the substrate 601. Next, a cover member 711 is bonded by means of a filler 710 added with a drying agent 709. The bonding apparatus shown in FIG. 4 may be used in this bonding process. Then, a frame member 713 is attached using a sealing member 712 made of an ultraviolet ray curing resin. In this embodiment, a stainless material is used as the frame member 713. Finally, an FPC 714 is attached to complete an EL display device. Note that, since the light emitted from the EL element is radiated to the side opposite to the cover member 711 with the structure of this embodiment, the cover member 711 may have light transmitting property or light shielding property. In this embodiment, a glass plate is used as the cover member 711. However, a plastic plate, a light transmitting substrate such as a PVF film (or a light transmitting film), a ceramics plate, a film in which an aluminum foil is sandwiched by a PVF film, and the like may also be used. Embodiment 4 An EL display device formed by implementing the present invention is of a self light emitting type, and thus, it is excellent in visibility in the light in comparison with a liquid crystal display device, and also has a wide viewing angle. Therefore, the EL display device can be used as a display portion of various electronic devices. For example, the EL display device of the present invention may be used as a display portion of an EL display (a display incorporated with the EL display device in its casing) having a screen size of a 30 inch diagonal or larger (typically a 40 inch diagonal or larger) in order to watch TV broadcasting and the like with a large screen. Note that the EL display includes all displays for displaying information such as a display for a personal computer, a display for receiving TV broadcasting, and a display for displaying an advertisement. Besides, the EL display device of the present invention may be used as a display portion of various electronic devices. As such electronic devices according to the present invention, a video camera, a digital camera, a goggle type display (a head mounted display), a car navigation system, a sound playback device (a car audio system, an audio component stereo or the like), a notebook personal computer, a game machine, a portable information terminal (a mobile computer, a portable telephone, a portable game machine, an electronic book or the like), an image playback device equipped with a recording medium (specifically, a device which plays a recording medium such as a compact disk (CD), a laser disk (LD), or a digital video disk (DVD) and is equipped with a display that displays the image) and the like can be given. Particularly, a wideness of a viewing angle is regarded as important in the portable information terminal that is often seen from an oblique direction, and thus, the EL display device is desirably used. Specific examples of those electronic devices are shown in FIG. 8. FIG. 8A shows an EL display, which contains a casing 2001, a support stand 2002, a display portion 2003 and the like. The present invention can be applied to the display portion 2003. Since the EL display is of a self light emitting type, it does not need a back light. Thus, the display portion that is thinner than a liquid crystal display can be obtained. FIG. 8B shows a video camera, which contains a main body 2101, a display portion 2102, a sound input portion 2103, operation switches 2104, a battery 2105, an image receiving portion 2106 and the like. The EL display device of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 2102. FIG. 8C shows a portion (right side) of a head mounted EL display, which contains a main body 2201, signal cables 2202, a head fixing band 2203, a display portion 2204, an optical system 2205, an EL display device 2206 and the like. The present invention can be applied to the EL display device 2206. FIG. 8D shows an image playback device equipped with a recording medium (specifically, a DVD playback device), which contains a main body 2301, a recording medium (such as a CD, an LD, or a DVD) 2302, operation switches 2303, a display portion (a) 2304, a display portion (b) 2305 and the like. The display portion (a) is mainly used for displaying image information. The display portion (b) is mainly used for displaying character information. The present invention can be applied to the display portion (a) and the display portion (b). Note that the image playback device equipped with the recording medium may include devices such as CD playback devices and game machines. FIG. 8E shows a portable (mobile) computer, which contains a main body 2401, a camera portion 2402, an image receiving portion 2403, an operation switch 2404, a display portion 2405 and the like. The EL display device of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 2405. FIG. 8F shows a personal computer, which contains a main body 2501, a casing 2502, a display portion 2503, a keyboard 2504 and the like. The EL display device of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 2503. Note that, if emission brightness of an EL material is increased in future, it becomes possible to expand and project light including output image information by a lens or the like to be used in a front or rear type projector. Further, the above electronic device displays information distributed through an electronic communication line such as the Internet or a CATV (cable television) in many cases, and in particular, an opportunity of displaying moving image information has been increasing. The response speed of the EL material is very high, and thus, an EL display device is preferable for moving image display. However, if the contour between pixels is blurred, then the entire moving image is also blurred. Therefore, it is very effective to use the EL display device of the present invention, which makes the contour between pixels clear, as a display portion of an electronic device. Furthermore, in the EL display device, light emitting portions consume electric power, and thus, it is desirable that information is displayed such that the light emitting portions are reduced as much as possible. Therefore, in the case where the EL display device is used for a display portion, which is mainly used for displaying character information, such as that of the portable information terminal, particularly, the portable telephone, or the sound playback device, the EL display device is desirably driven such that character information is formed in the light emitting portions with non-light emitting portions as a background. FIG. 9A shows a portable telephone, which contains a main body 2601, a sound output portion 2602, a sound input portion 2603, a display portion 2604, operation switches 2605, and an antenna 2606. The EL display device of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 2604. Note that white characters are displayed on a black background in the display portion 2604, and thus, power consumption of the portable telephone can be suppressed. Further, FIG. 9B shows a sound playback device, specifically, a car audio system, which contains a main body 2701, a display portion 2702, and operation switches 2703 and 2704. The EL display device of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 2702. Further, an audio system for loading on a car is shown in this embodiment, but the car audio system may be used for a portable sound playback device. Note that white characters are displayed on a black background in the display portion 2702, and thus, the power consumption can be suppressed. This is particularly effective in the portable sound playback device. As described above, the applicable range of the present invention is extremely wide, and it is possible to apply the present invention to electronic devices in all fields. Further, the electronic device of this embodiment may use the EL display device with any constitution shown in Embodiments 1 to 7. EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION The deterioration of the EL element portion of the EL display device can be effectively suppressed by implementing the present invention. Therefore, the EL display device with high reliability can be obtained. Further, such an EL display device with high reliability is used as the display portion of the electronic device, whereby the reliability of the electronic device can be enhanced. Referenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS7342251 *Aug 12, 2005Mar 11, 2008Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd.Method of manufacturing an electro-optical deviceUS7786958Sep 20, 2000Aug 31, 2010Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd.EL display device and electronic deviceUS8029162 *May 3, 2007Oct 4, 2011Dialight CorporationEmbedded LED light sourceUS8227800Dec 8, 2008Jul 24, 2012Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies AlternativesDevice comprising an organic component and an encapsulation layer with a moisture-reactive materialUS8328375 *Sep 26, 2007Dec 11, 2012Osram Opto Semiconductors GmbhOrganic lighting device and lighting equipmentUS8436790Aug 27, 2010May 7, 2013Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd.EL display device and electronic deviceUS20100157585 *Sep 26, 2007Jun 24, 2010Karsten DiekmannOrganic Lighting Device and Lighting EquipmentWO2009101299A1 *Dec 8, 2008Aug 20, 2009Commissariat Energie AtomiqueDevice comprising an organic component and an encapsulation layer with a moisture-reactive material* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification362/84International ClassificationF21V9/16Cooperative ClassificationH01L51/5237European ClassificationH01L51/52CLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionOct 28, 2010FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Nov 14, 2005ASAssignmentOwner name: SEMICONDUCTOR ENERGY LABORATORY CO., LTD., JAPANFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:YAMAZAKI, SHUNPEI;ARAI, YASUYUKI;MIZUKAMI, MAYUMI;REEL/FRAME:017236/0413;SIGNING DATES FROM 20010703 TO 20010704RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google


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Patent US4729476 - Easy open shrinkable laminate - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsAn easily opened package suitable for food products such as ring sausage and the like includes a first web with a sealant layer of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer and an ionomer, and a second web including a sealant layer of an ionomer. A resulting package exhibits good self-welding characteristics...http://www.google.com/patents/US4729476?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US4729476 - Easy open shrinkable laminateAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS4729476 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 06/912,674Publication dateMar 8, 1988Filing dateSep 25, 1986Priority dateFeb 21, 1985Fee statusPaidPublication number06912674, 912674, US 4729476 A, US 4729476A, US-A-4729476, US4729476 A, US4729476AInventorsCedric M. Lulham, George D. Wofford, John G. Bradfute, Steven G. FriedrichOriginal AssigneeW.R. Grace & Co., Cryovac Div.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (29), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (23), Classifications (22), Legal Events (5) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetEasy open shrinkable laminate
US 4729476 AAbstract
An easily opened package suitable for food products such as ring sausage and the like includes a first web with a sealant layer of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer and an ionomer, and a second web including a sealant layer of an ionomer. A resulting package exhibits good self-welding characteristics and seal strength, and an easily peelable seal.
1. An easily peelable thermoplastic package comprising:(a) a first web including a sealant layer comprising a blend of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer and an ionomer; (b) a second web including a sealant layer consisting of an ionomer, and which can include minor amounts of an anti-block agent; and (c) the first and second webs adhering at their contiguous surfaces and enclosing an article. 2. A package according to claim 1 wherein the first web comprises:(a) a first layer of polypropylene; (b) a second or tie layer; (c) a third layer of a blend of linear low density polyethylene and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer; (d) a fourth or tie layer; (e) a fifth or barrier layer of ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer; (f) a sixth or tie layer; (g) a seventh layer of a blend of linear low density polyethylene and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer; and (h) an eighth or sealant layer of a blend of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer and a zinc ionomer. 3. A package according to claim 1 wherein the second web comprises:(a) a first layer of nylon; (b) a second layer of an adhesive; (c) a third layer of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer; and (d) a fourth or sealant layer of a zinc ionomer. 4. A package according to claim 1 wherein the second web comprises:(a) a first layer of polypropylene; (b) a second or tie layer; (c) a third layer of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer; (d) a fourth or tie layer; (e) a fifth layer of ethylene vinyl alcohol; (f) a sixth or tie layer; (g) a seventh layer of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer; and (h) an eighth or sealant layer of a zinc ionomer. 5. An easily peelable package according to claim 1 wherein the first or forming web comprises:(a) a first or outer layer of polypropylene; (b) a second layer of polypropylene; (c) a third or tie layer; (d) a fourth or barrier layer of ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer; (e) a fifth or tie layer; (f) a sixth layer of polypropylene; (g) a seventh or tie layer; (h) an eighth or sealant layer of a blend of between about 50 and 99% by weight of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, and between about 50 and 1% by weight of an ionomer. 6. An easily peelable package, as in claim 1, wherein the first or forming web comprises:(a) a first or outer layer of polypropylene; (b) a second layer of ethylene propylene copolymer; (c) a third or tie layer; (d) a fourth or barrier layer of ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer; (e) a fifth or tie layer; (f) a sixth layer of ethylene propylene copolymer; (g) a seventh or tie layer; (h) an eighth or sealant layer of a blend of between about 50 and 99% by weight of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, and between about 50 and 1% by weight of an ionomer. 7. The package according to claim 1 wherein the sealant layer of the second web has between about 2% and 4% by weight of the sealant layer of an anti-block agent.
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 703,645 filed on Feb. 21, 1985, now abandoned.
Also of interest is U.S. Pat. No. 4,178,401 issued to Alan S. Weinberg et al. This reference discloses a self-welding packaging film in which the inner or self-welding layer is a blend of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers with differing melt flow indices. Blends of ionomer of low melt flow with ethylene vinly acetate copolymers with high melt flow are also disclosed, but these latter blends show poor self-weldability. An easily peelable heat seal is not shown.
The present invention relates to an easily opened package comprising a first web including a sealant layer of a blend of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer and an ionomer; a second web including a sealant layer of an ionomer; the first and second webs being self-welded at their contiguous surfaces and enclosing a food product.
"Easily peelable" and like terminology is used herein to refer to a package, and specifically heat-sealed and self-welded area of a package, which are readily peelable without tearing or rupturing the packaging materials which may result in premature destruction of the package and inadvertent contamination of the contents of the package. An easily peelable package is one which can be peeled without resort to a knife or other implement to tear open the package.
Referring to the drawings, package 10 has a first web 12 which is a forming web produced by thermoforming or other suitable techniques well known in the art. Suitable thermoforming methods, for example, include a vacuum forming or plug-assist vacuum forming method. In a vacuum forming method, the first web is heated e.g. by a contact heater and a vacuum is applied beneath the web causing the web to be pushed by atmospheric pressure down into a pre-formed mold. In a plug-assist vacuum forming method, after the first or forming web has been heated and sealed across a mold cavity, a plug shape similar to the mold shape impinges on the forming web and, upon the application of vacuum, the forming web transfers to the mold surface.
The laminate of the first or forming web 12 includes a sealant layer comprising a blend or an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer and an ionomer. The ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer contains preferably between about 6% and 20% vinyl acetate by weight. The ionomer is preferably a zinc ionomer, such as Surlyn 1705 available from DuPont Company, but may be a sodium ionomer as well. The ratio or ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) to the ionomer may be from about 50% EVA/50% ionomer to about 99% EVA/1% ionomer.
The laminate forming the second, substantially non-formng web 16 likewise includes a sealant surface of an ionomer, and preferably a zinc ionomer such as Surlyn 1702, also available from DuPont Company. The ionomers of the first and second webs may optionally be identical. This ionomer layer on the second web is preferably a relatively thin layer. More preferably the sealant layer has a thickness of between about 0.2 and 0.5 mils, and most preferably about 0.3 mils. The second web also includes a layer adjacent to the ionomer layer of an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer. A preferable EVA contains between about 2.5% and about 6% vinyl acetate by weight. The ionomer layer and immediately adjacent EVA layer are preferably coextruded.
The easy-open mechanism according to the present invention works as follows. The first and second webs during thermoforming or like process, are self-welded at their contiguous surfaces and enclose the product, such as a ring sausage or other food product. This self-welding occurs under relatively low temperture conditions. Subsequently, a fusion seal is formed at or near the periphery of the package at relatively high temperatures, i.e. at temperatures higher than those involved in the self-welding step.
Two mechanisms control the easy peelability of the resulting package. (See FIGS. 4-6). The first concerns the adhesion between the sealing layer 24 of the first web 12 and the sealing layer 26 of the second web 16. At the relatively low temperatures encountered during self welding, the first and second webs are firmly adhered to each other at their contiguous surfaces. Upon application of a relatively high temperature in the peripheral area of the package, the sealant layers 24 and 26 of the first and second webs fuse to each other. Thus the EVA/ionomer blend of the first or forming web becomes fused to the ionomer of the second web in the fusion seal area. The second mechanism of interest is the bond between the sealing layer 26 of the second or non-forming blend, and the immediately adjacent EVA layer 28. When the sealing layer 26 is kept relatively thin, preferably between 0.2 and 0.5 mils, and more preferably about 0.3 mils, the bond between sealing layer 26 and the adjacent EVA layer 28 is sufficiently strong to maintain package integrity and avoid delamination during the distribution cycle, yet provide a "tear out" layer when it is desired to open the package. This is made possible because the bond between sealant layer 26 and adjacent EVA layer 28 is weaker in the fusion seal area of the package than the adhesion between sealant layer 26 and sealant layer 24 of the first or forming web. When it is desired to open the package, peeling of the package beginning at the external flap 20 results in the pulling apart of the first and second webs at the interface between sealing layers 24 and 26 up to the point where the fusion seal is encountered. Beginning at this point, and as peeling proceeds, where the first and second webs are fused together, the sealant layer 26 delaminates from the immediately adjacent EVA layer 28 only in the heat-sealed area. Upon further peeling, this delamination results in a "tear-out" as illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6. After the package undergoes delamination in the fusion seal area, with continued peeling the package will resume opening in the first mode described above, i.e. between the sealant layers 24 and 26 of the first and second web, so that for example in the self-weld area 18 between the product and the fusion seal (See FIG. 1), peeling of the first and second web will once again be controlled by the incompatible sealant surfaces 24 and 26 of the first and second web respectively.
The second or non-forming web preferably comprises a first layer of nylon, a second layer of an adhesive, a third layer of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, and a fourth or sealant layer of an ionomer. The second or non-forming web may also include a layer or vinylidene chloride/vinyl chloride copolymer.
In the preferred embodiments, the first or forming web has a first layer of polypropylene. A suitable polypropylene is available from Northern Petrochemical Co. and marketed as Norchem NPP 2085GW. The second layer is an adhesive and may be a terionomer such as an ethylene vinyl acetate-based proprietary resin available from DuPont as CXA E162. The third layer is a blend of preferably about 40% linear low density polyethylene such as DOWLEX 2045 available from Dow Chemical Co. The other part of the blend of the third layer is preferably about 60% of an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, more preferably an EVA of about 9% vinyl acetate content, such as LD-318.92 EVA resin available from Exxon Chemical. The fourth or adhesive layer is preferably an adhesive such as that used in the second layer. The fifth or barrier layer is ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer. A suitable example is EVAL EC-F101 available from EVAL Company of America. The sixth or adhesive layer is preferably the same as that utilized in the second and fourth layers. The seventh layer is a blend of linear low density polyethylene and ethylene vinyl acetate preferably similar to the blend utilized in the third layer. The eighth or sealant layer is a blend of ethylene vinyl acetate and an ionomer. The ethylene vinyl acetate component of the sealant layer of this first or forming web is present preferably from about 50% to about 99% of the sealant layer by weight. Conversely, the ionomer is present in a range preferably from about 1% to about 50% by weight of the total weight of the sealant layer. More preferably, the ethylene vinyl acetate component of the sealant layer of the first or forming web is present in the amount of between about 90 and 95% of the total weight of the sealant layer, and conversely, the ionomer is present in the range preferably from about 5 to 10% by weight of the total weight of the sealant layer. Surprisingly, a forming web with 95% EVA and 5% of a zinc ionomer was found to have considerably stronger seal strength than samples with 90% EVA and 10% ionomer. The ionomer is more preferably a zinc ionomer. A suitable example is Surlyn 1705 available from DuPont Company.
Example 1 is one of the preferred easy open laminates in accordance with the present invention. The laminate used as a forming web comprised a first layer of polypropylene (NPP 8080 from Northern Petrochemical Company); a second adhesive layer (CXA E152 from DuPont); a blend of 40% linear low density polyethylene (DOWLEX 2045) and 60% ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (LD-318.92 EVA resin with 9% vinyl acetate content); a fourth or barrier layer of ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVAL EC-F101); another adhesive alyer as in the second layer; another blend layer as in the third layer; and a sealant layer comprising a blend of 90% ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (3130SB from DuPont with a 9% vinyl acetate content) and 10% ionomer (Surlyn 1705).
Laminate was placed on a thermoforming machine and the forming temperature was varied from 70� to 90� C. The sealing range was varied from 90� to 110� C. A non-forming web used in conjunction with the forming web comprised a first layer of a cast nylon 6 with one side coated with saran; an adhesive layer of Korolam adhesive 880X301; a third layer of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer with a 3.5% vinyl acetate content (PE204-CS95); and a sealant layer of 98% ionomer (Surlyn 1702) and about 2% of an anti-block agent (Conpol 8750).
A similar combination of materials was used as shown in Example 1. The materials were identical in all respects except that the sealant layer of the forming web comprised a blend of 95% ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer and 5% ionomer.
A laminate structure was tested which included the following formulation:
A laminate was tested and comprised a first or outer layer or polypropylene homopolymer (NPP 2085 GW); a second layer of ethylene propylene copolymer (NPP 3303 GK) available from Northern Petrochemical Company; a third or tie layer as in previous Examples; a fourth or barrier layer as in previous Examples; a fifth or tie layer as in previous Examples; a sixth layer of ethylene propylene copolymer as in the second layer; a seventh tie layer; and a sealant layer as in previous Examples for the forming web.
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Grace & Co.-Conn.Process for producing an easily opened packageUS6361843Jun 29, 2000Mar 26, 2002Baxter International Inc.Multilayered polymer structure for medical productsUS6476137Apr 9, 1999Nov 5, 2002Cryovac, Inc.Ternary polymer blend, the film containing it, and the easy-to-open package made therewithUS6630237Feb 5, 2001Oct 7, 2003Cryovac, Inc.Peelably sealed packagingUS7314669 *Feb 5, 2003Jan 1, 2008Pechiney Emballage Flexible EuropeEasy peel film structuresUS7527839Aug 21, 2003May 5, 2009Curwood, Inc.Easy open heat-shrinkable packagingUS7604828Oct 20, 2009Conagra Foods Rdm, Inc.Easy-open sausage packageUS7681732Jun 13, 2008Mar 23, 2010Cryovac, Inc.Laminated lidstockUS20030077466 *Oct 19, 2001Apr 24, 2003Smith Sidney T.Multilayered polymer structureUS20030152669 *Jan 18, 2002Aug 14, 2003Parimal VadharSelf venting peelable microwaveable vacuum skin packageUS20040151932 *Feb 5, 2003Aug 5, 2004Deane GallowayEasy peel film structuresUS20040166262 *Aug 21, 2003Aug 26, 2004Busche David A.Easy open heat-shrinkable packagingUS20050100251 *Oct 23, 2003May 12, 2005Havens Marvin R.Articles with radiation cured adhesive as alternative to heat sealsUS20060246185 *May 2, 2005Nov 2, 2006Conagra Foods Packaged Foods Co., Inc.Easy-open sausage packageUS20080063821 *Nov 14, 2007Mar 13, 2008Pechiney Emballage Flexible EuropeEasy Peel Film StructuresUS20090178945 *Jul 16, 2009Moehlenbrock Andrew WLaminated lidstockWO2002062575A2 *Jan 29, 2002Aug 15, 2002Cryovac IncPeelably sealed packagingWO2004071754A2 *Feb 4, 2004Aug 26, 2004Pechiney Emballage Flexible EuEasy peel film structuresWO2011019503A1Jul 28, 2010Feb 17, 2011Cryovac, Inc.Easy open and reclosable package with discrete tape and die-cut webWO2011019511A2Jul 29, 2010Feb 17, 2011Cryovac, Inc.Easy open and reclosable package with discrete laminate with die-cutWO2012103418A1Jan 27, 2012Aug 2, 2012Cryovac, Inc.Easy open and reclosable package with discrete strip and die-cut web* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification206/484.2, 206/524.2, 428/521, 428/349International ClassificationB32B27/32, A22C13/00, B65D75/58, B65D75/32, B65D75/26Cooperative ClassificationY10T428/31931, B65D75/32, A22C13/0013, A22C2013/0036, Y10T428/2826, B65D75/26, B32B27/32, B65D75/5855, A22C2013/0059, A22C2013/0086European ClassificationB32B27/32, A22C13/00D, B65D75/58FLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionSep 5, 1989ASAssignmentOwner name: W.R. GRACE & CO.-CONN, A CORP. OF CTFree format text: MERGER;ASSIGNORS:W.R. GRACE & CO.;GRACE MERGER CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:005169/0141Effective date: 19880525Aug 28, 1991FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Aug 21, 1995FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Aug 17, 1998ASAssignmentOwner name: CRYOVAC, INC., SOUTH CAROLINAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:W.R. GRACE & CO.-CONN.;REEL/FRAME:009405/0001Effective date: 19980814Aug 31, 1999FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 12RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services

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9781403707505: The Three Little Kittens: Best Loved Stories - AbeBooks: 1403707502
The Three Little Kittens: Best Loved Stories
ISBN 13: 9781403707505
ISBN 10: 1403707502 ISBN 13: 9781403707505
This is a new book, hardcover, only listed as used due to no option to list new. Classic tale we all loved. Your child will want it read over and over again. Ships regular mail in 1-2 business days unless otherwise requested by the buyer.
1. The Three Little Kittens: Best Loved Stories
Book Description Dalmation Press, 2004. Condition: Good. 0th Edition. Ships from the UK. Shows some signs of wear, and may have some markings on the inside. Seller Inventory # GRP94978299
2. Three Little Kittens : Best Loved Stories Collection
Book Description Dalmatian Press. Hardcover. Condition: As New. An apparently unread copy in perfect condition. Dust cover is intact; pages are clean and are not marred by notes or folds of any kind. At ThriftBooks, our motto is: Read More, Spend Less. Seller Inventory # G1403707502I2N00
3. The Three Little Kittens: Best Loved Stories
Book Description Dalmation Press. Hardcover. Condition: VERY GOOD. Light rubbing wear to cover, spine and page edges. Very minimal writing or notations in margins not affecting the text. Possible clean ex-library copy, with their stickers and or stamp(s). Seller Inventory # 2813120638
4. The Three Little Kittens: Best Loved Stories
Book Description Dalmation Press. Hardcover. Condition: LIKE NEW. Like new, very light shelf wear. Seller Inventory # 2884762051
5. The Three Little Kittens: Best Loved Stories
Book Description Dalmation Press. Hardcover. Condition: VERY GOOD. Light rubbing wear to cover, spine and page edges. Very minimal writing or notations in margins not affecting the text. Possible clean ex-library copy, with their stickers and or stamp(s). Seller Inventory # 2901010584
6. The Three Little Kittens: Best Loved Stories
Book Description Dalmation Press. Hardcover. Condition: VERY GOOD. Light rubbing wear to cover, spine and page edges. Very minimal writing or notations in margins not affecting the text. Possible clean ex-library copy, with their stickers and or stamp(s). Seller Inventory # 2930829266
7. The Three Little Kittens: Best Loved Stories
Book Description Dalmation Press. Hardcover. Condition: VERY GOOD. Light rubbing wear to cover, spine and page edges. Very minimal writing or notations in margins not affecting the text. Possible clean ex-library copy, with their stickers and or stamp(s). Seller Inventory # 2935271425
8. Three Little Kittens & Other Stories
Book Description Dalmatian Press. Hardcover. Condition: Good. HARDCOVER Legendary independent bookstore online since 1994. Reliable customer service and no-hassle return policy. Childrens>Fairy Tales>Anthologies. Book: USED, Good. Bookseller Inventory # 01978140370750500. Seller Inventory # 01978140370750500

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Essex M25 Essex - One lane closed on M25 anticlockwise between J27 M11 and J26, A121 (Waltham Abbey), because of a broken down vehicle.
Greenford A4127 Greater London - A4127 Greenford Road in Greenford blocked southbound at the Cowgate Road junction, because of an accident. Diversion in operation - for bus routes 92, 95, 105 and E6.
City Of London A10 City Of London - One lane closed on A10 Gracechurch Street at the Fenchurch Street junction, because of a broken down bus.
Dollis Hill A5 London - Traffic light failure on A5 Edgware Road in Dollis Hill at the Dollis Hill Lane junction.
Hounslow A4 Greater London - Queuing traffic on A4 in both directions in Hounslow at Henlys roundabout.
Hounslow A312 Greater London - One lane closed, slow traffic and no right turn is allowed on A312 The Parkway in both directions in Hounslow at the A30 Great South-West Road junction, because of a traffic light failure. Diversion in operation - for bus route 423, for safety.

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text: Patent US6779659 - Hub for holding disc-shaped item of recorded media - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA hub for holding a disc-shaped item of recorded media includes a plurality of holding arms that engage the central opening of the disc-shaped item of recorded media to hold the item in a holding position. The hub also includes lifting arms that engage the inner lower edge of the disc-shaped item of...http://www.google.com/patents/US6779659?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6779659 - Hub for holding disc-shaped item of recorded mediaAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS6779659 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 10/272,682Publication dateAug 24, 2004Filing dateOct 17, 2002Priority dateNov 30, 2001Fee statusLapsedAlso published asUS20030102232Publication number10272682, 272682, US 6779659 B2, US 6779659B2, US-B2-6779659, US6779659 B2, US6779659B2InventorsRonald M. Marsilio, Dennis D. Belden, Jr.Original AssigneeNexpak CorporationExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (26), Referenced by (4), Classifications (6), Legal Events (7) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetHub for holding disc-shaped item of recorded mediaUS 6779659 B2Abstract A hub for holding a disc-shaped item of recorded media includes a plurality of holding arms that engage the central opening of the disc-shaped item of recorded media to hold the item in a holding position. The hub also includes lifting arms that engage the inner lower edge of the disc-shaped item of recorded media to force the item upwardly with respect to the holding arms. The holding arms and lifting arms extend from opposite portions of a base member which may be in the form of a circular outer wall.


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Jose Ramirez homers twice; Indians roll to 9-3 win - Cleveland - Scout
Jesse Johnson/USA TODAY Sports Jose Ramirez homers twice; Indians roll to 9-3 winJohn Alfes06/17/2017Jose Ramirez became just the ninth player in Indians history to homer from both sides of the plate in a 9-3 victory over the first-place Twins.CLEVELAND – The Indians are beginning to piece together a winning formula over their last three games.
"There was some really good things early," said manager Terry Francona to reporters. "We did a good job of getting the line moving (and) keeping it moving."
"It's super important and I feel good because we're winning," Ramirez said through the team's translator, Anna Bolton. "That's what we want to do. We want to win. I feel good and we're doing well."
"They were two good pitches and I made great swings on them," said Ramirez about his pair of blasts. "I'm just focusing on playing the game day-by-day. I'm putting in the work in my free time. Thank God I'm getting good results."
"There was some traffic with Ryan," Francona said. "There was a lot of hits. To his credit, he throws strikes, he doesn't beat himself and he got it far enough where we felt like we could turn it to the bullpen and still be ready for the second game."
"It's awesome," said Merritt. "Being able to get some experience last year, it just always helps with your confidence."
"[The bullpen is] reliable (where) we didn't have to get guys warming up," Francona said. "The Twins can come back in a hurry. They throw strikes and there's value in just the fact that they're reliable. They give up a hit, it's not like they're going to come unglued."
John Alfes has covered the Indians for IBI since August of 2016. Follow him on Twitter @JohnAlfes for breaking news and in-depth coverage all season long. Share on Facebook Share on TwitterTrending on ScoutIndians reinstate Allen from paternity listSeries Preview 6/23-6/25: Indians vs. TwinsFrancona's Thoughts: June 23 vs. TwinsLas Vegas World Championships Venue AnnouncedInjury Updates: Brantley, Salazar, GuyerIndians Baseball Insider Top StoriesAround the Farm: June 23, 2017The bats were alive and well for the Scrappers and RubberDucks on Friday as both would take the win in their respective games thanks in large part to career nights by outfielders…by Jake DunganIndians Baseball Insider4:00 AMBehind the Box Score: Gonzalez comes up shortErik Gonzalez could not please 31,725 feverish fans at Progressive Field on Friday, striking out twice with the bases loaded vs. rookie Adalberto Mejia.by John AlfesIndians Baseball InsiderYesterday at 9:00 PMMissed opportunities doom Indians in 5-0 lossMissed opportunities and one debacle of an inning spelled out a 5-0 loss for the Indians in their series opener against the Twins at Progressive Field.by John AlfesIndians Baseball InsiderYesterday at 8:00 PMFrancona's Thoughts: June 23 vs. TwinsManager Terry Francona talked about Jose Ramirez, Cody Allen, Edwin Encarnacion, Danny Salazar and Michael Brantley prior to Friday's game against the Twins.by John AlfesIndians Baseball InsiderYesterday at 3:00 PMBreaking NewsInjury Updates: Brantley, Salazar, GuyerThe Indians are hoping to downsize their disabled list in the coming weeks with Michael Brantley (right ankle sprain), Danny Salazar (right shoulder soreness) and Brandon Guyer …by John AlfesIndians Baseball InsiderYesterday at 2:45 PMBreaking NewsIndians reinstate Allen from paternity listThe Indians reinstated their second player from the paternity list in as many weeks on Friday, welcoming Cody Allen back to a nine-man bullpen.by John AlfesIndians Baseball InsiderYesterday at 2:10 PMFour Thoughts: Get Rich QuickRichie Shaffer is doing everything on his part to earn a promotion to Cleveland. The question is can they find a spot for him if they choose to call him up? The IBI's Jake Dungan…by Jake DunganIndians Baseball InsiderYesterday at 12:00 PMBreaking NewsTribe signs Clement, three other top 10 picksThe Indians had a productive day on Thursday, signing INF Ernie Clement (fourth round), RHP Eli Morgan (eighth round), RHP James Karinchak (ninth round), INF Jesse Berardi (10th…by John AlfesIndians Baseball InsiderYesterday at 11:40 AMSeries Preview 6/23-6/25: Indians vs. TwinsFor the second time in as many weeks, the Indians and Twins will meet for a weekend series as they continue to battle for positioning atop the AL Central division ladder.by John AlfesIndians Baseball InsiderYesterday at 10:30 AMSmoke Signals 10.19: Yes Way, Jose!Things are really looking up for the Indians this week as they continue plow through the opposition having won eight of their last nine games. Jake is rejoined by Tony Lastoria to…by Jake DunganIndians Baseball InsiderYesterday at 8:00 AMClips Report: Merryweather Scuffles AgainThe Clippers were handed a tough 5-3 loss as starter Julian Merryweather struggled for the second straight start. Veteran catcher Erik Kratz went deep again for the third straight…by Matthew FoutIndians Baseball InsiderYesterday at 7:00 AMAround The Farm: June 22, 2017Abraham Almonte continued to swing a hot bat on Thursday night in Columbus, while Luigi Rodriguez and Emmanuel Tapia enjoyed three RBI games for Akron and Lake County, respectfully…by Arthur KinneyIndians Baseball InsiderYesterday at 4:46 AMLoad More

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Auto & Tires Motorcycle and ATV ATV All ATV Accessories Carlisle Ultimax Pro Drive Belt Fits 2008 Polaris Super Sport 0.0 stars 0.0 stars Write a review Write a review ratings Q&A By: Carlisle About this item For high performance sleds, the top choice is the top-cog Ultimax ProThe unique double cog design of our Ultimax Pro belt dissapates heat andaids flexibilityCooler running belts - over 10 degrees cooler than flat-top designs -mean better perf Read more… $94.38 $94.38 + FREE shipping Sold & Shipped by Perf-Moto Faster shipping options available at checkout Pickup not available from this seller Loading options... Sold & Shipped by Perf-Moto Qty: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Add to Cart
Add to List Add to Registry Shipping See delivery options FREE pickup Not available FREE shipping from this seller Close Shipping Shipping options from Perf-Moto Find We don't recognize that location. Check your information and try again. Type Arrives Cost Standard Data unavailable Free per order You’ll see exact shipping costs and arrival dates when you check out. Pickup not available Close Pickup This item is not available for pickup or at any of the Walmarts within 50 miles of your location. Add to List Add to Registry Faster shipping options available at checkout Pickup not available from this seller Check out these related products $94.38 Carlisle Ultimax Pro Drive Belt Fits 06-07 Polaris Super Sport ShippingPass $94.38 Carlisle Ultimax Pro Drive Belt Fits 06-07 Polaris Super Sport M10 ShippingPass $94.38 Carlisle Ultimax Pro Drive Belt Fits 06-07 Polaris Super Sport Edge ShippingPass $94.38 Carlisle Ultimax Pro Drive Belt Fits 01-05 Polaris Indy Super Sport ShippingPass $91.06 Carlisle Ultimax Pro Drive Belt Fits 97-00 Polaris Indy Super Sport ShippingPass $115.04 Carlisle Ultimax XS Drive Belt Fits 06-08 Polaris Super Sport ShippingPass $91.06 Carlisle Ultimax Pro Drive Belt Fits 1989 Polaris Indy Sport ShippingPass $91.06 Carlisle Ultimax Pro Drive Belt Fits 83-90 Polaris Star ShippingPass $89.89 Carlisle Ultimax Pro Drive Belt Fits 93-95 Polaris Starlite ShippingPass $79.49 Carlisle Ultimax Pro Drive Belt Fits 1978 Polaris SS340 ShippingPass $79.49 Carlisle Ultimax Pro Drive Belt Fits 72-73 Polaris Mustang ShippingPass $79.49 Carlisle Ultimax Pro Drive Belt Fits 79-82 Polaris Gemini ShippingPass $94.38 Carlisle Ultimax Pro Drive Belt Fits 2004 Polaris Indy Sport Touring ShippingPass $94.38 Carlisle Ultimax Pro Drive Belt Fits 2008 Polaris 600 IQ LX ShippingPass $91.06 Carlisle Ultimax Pro Drive Belt Fits 00-03 Polaris Indy Sport Touring ShippingPass $115.04 Carlisle Ultimax XS Drive Belt Fits 2008 Polaris IQ Cruiser ShippingPass $115.04 Carlisle Ultimax XS Drive Belt Fits 2008 Polaris 600 RMK ShippingPass $56.60 Carlisle Ultimax Max Drive Belt Fits 97-00 Polaris Indy Super Sport ShippingPass $56.60 Carlisle Ultimax Max Drive Belt Fits 94-96 Polaris Indy Super Sport ShippingPass $91.06 Carlisle Ultimax Pro Drive Belt Fits 98-00 Polaris 700 XC ShippingPass $91.06 Carlisle Ultimax Pro Drive Belt Fits 93-98 Polaris Indy Storm ShippingPass About this item Customer reviews Item recommendations Policies Back to top About this item Important Made in USA Origin Disclaimer: For certain items sold by Walmart on Walmart.com, the displayed country of origin
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Selected value does not exist in the list boster_s27-Dec-10 7:44 I tried to use it in GridView Edit Mode. I had a dropdown list for categories and another one for products. I could only edit products belonging to the first category. When I tried to edit other products I was gettin an error 'DataBoundDropDownList2' has a SelectedValue which is invalid because it does not exist in the list of items.
source code Brad Oyler1-May-09 9:55 wheres the full source code?
THANK YOU!!! Member 238286813-Mar-09 6:31 Very nice code, i was looking for it for a few days, i am using AJAX Cascading Drop Down but it doesnt work with FormView and it also requires a lot of hand coding.
Adds the items twice BDheepa14-Nov-07 5:55 Awesome piece of code. I am using this dropdown in a gridview edit template. But I find that the items get added twice.
} Re: Adds the items twice Akash Kava14-Nov-07 12:03 In that case you can remove Exception clause statements and make it completely empty and try it.
Re: Adds the items twice BDheepa15-Nov-07 3:45 Thats what I did and it works, thanks. further explanation please? rixion9-Oct-07 11:37 I'm hopeful your solution will work and I'm anxious to try it out. Could you please give an example of how one replaces an "<asp:dropdownlist ..." statement with your datadropdownlist component? As soon as possible please, this issue is a show-stopper for a new application being developped.
Rix Re: further explanation please? Akash Kava13-Oct-07 6:49 Well you have to make your control inside a namespace, in your web.config in pages section you have to add a controls section and add a new namespace and a tag prefix, like..
Re: further explanation please? Jalle19-Apr-12 12:09 could we have some sample of using this control, please?
Finally an elegant solution CoolfinPartnership29-Aug-07 5:13 Hi, great piece of code - solves a tricky problem.
Re: Finally an elegant solution Akash Kava29-Aug-07 7:58 Hi,
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New York Jets CB Darrelle Revis responds to Randy Moss remarks
Revis stands by Moss 'slouch' statementNew England Patriots2141dRich CiminiChapman looks like a game-changer in Cubs debut5hJesse Rogers1 Related Better late than never, Cubs' offense busts out againWhat's in store at the 98th PGA?10hBob Harig3 Related In Tiger's absence, enjoy the parity party PGA Championship top 25 rankings Round 1 and 2 tee times for the PGA ChampionshipSources: Fitzpatrick, Jets agree on 1-year dealNew York Jets4hRich CiminiWin-now Jets make the right move by ending Ryan Fitzpatrick madness9hRich CiminiChapman sizzles in 'fun,' non-save Cubs debutChicago Cubs3hJesse RogersFive things we learned Wednesday: The Astros will catch the Rangers6hDavid SchoenfieldCardinals lose season's best showdown but bounce back to win7hMark SaxonWhat would it take to trade for Chris Sale?22hJim BowdenMLB Trade Deadline Daily: Mystery team emerges as Lucroy talks intensify10hRams grant QB Foles' request to be releasedLos Angeles Rams55mCowboys face stiff fine for 3 suspended playersDallas Cowboys17hAdam SchefterManning, Megatron highlight 2016 NFL all-retirement team23hJeremy FowlerMcCoy says Buccaneers are now Winston's teamTampa Bay Buccaneers14hJenna LaineLong: Bears out to quiet 'league-wide disrespect'Chicago Bears14hJeff DickersonHistoric contract in hand, Von Miller is 'ready to go play football'12hJeff LegwoldWhat it's like to retire from the NFL15hMatt BowenCalifornia to celebrate Marshawn Lynch cart ride with bobblehead15hKevin GemmellAt 41, Alex Rodriguez is handling being benched maturely6hAndrew MarchandNo aces to deal: Where are the starting pitchers at this trade deadline?11hJayson StarkAdrian Peterson reveals secret identity via TwitterMinnesota Vikings15hDetroit Tigers play an odd, violent version of rock-paper-scissorsDetroit Tigers13hJackson AlexanderWho are the 12 hottest coordinators in college football?LSU Tigers22hAdam RittenbergBiggest boom-or-bust fantasy QBs to watch18hKC JoynerRanking A-10 venues: Dayton, VCU not fun for opponentsDayton Flyers20hMyron MedcalfThe tragic life of Cyril Walker21hJason SobelPockrass: Symbolism surrounds the mystery of Earnhardt Jr.'s return11hBob PockrassWho CFB coaches want their kids to play forOklahoma SoonersChris LowNBPA to fund health insurance for retired playersLA Clippers10hDelle Donne still reigns in DelawareChicago Sky6hVicki L. FriedmanInvestigation in Ezekiel Elliott case underwayDallas Cowboys17hAustin WardEddie's ready: Packers tired of talking about Lacy's weight2dRob DemovskyTroubled waters: Sketchy conditions not new20hPaolo Bandini, Special to ESPN.comChina's star swimmer Sun Yang is ready to defend gold in Rio21hXin Wan, ESPN ChinaDarrelle Revis responds to Randy MossFacebookTwitterPinterestEmailcommentSep 17, 2010Rich CiminiESPN Staff Writer CloseLongtime Jets beat writer for New York Daily News
Syracuse University graduateFollow on TwitterFacebookTwitterPinterestEmailprintcommentFLORHAM PARK, N.J. -- Darrelle Revis, preparing for the arrival of the "Slouch," is planning to be in Randy Moss' face all day Sunday. He's already in his head.Revis dominated Moss in both meetings last season, prompting the New England Patriots' wide receiver to remark Tuesday that he "prided [his] offseason on staying off Revis Island." When Revis heard that comment, he smiled, taking it as a psychological victory."Obviously, if he's speaking that ... I'm sure it was on his mind in the offseason," the Jets' star cornerback said Wednesday.It will be a must-see showdown at the New Meadowlands Stadium, a battle between arguably the two best players at their respective positions. What makes it juicier is the history between them.Revis held Moss to nine catches for 58 yards and one touchdown last season in two meetings, yet Moss refused to give props to Revis, claiming it wasn't an open and shutdown case of man-to-man coverage.Moss said Revis received plenty of safety help. Revis dismissed that notion, calling Moss a "slouch" during a TV interview last January in which he was playing a word-association game.Reminded of that quote, Revis refused to back away from it."When I played him the first game last year, I called him a slouch for a reason, because that game, he played like a slouch. That's the simple point," said Revis, adding that he still has great respect for Moss.For the record, Revis doesn't think Moss played like a slouch in the second meeting. He scored on a 4-yard reception in that game, a blowout win for the Patriots, but it came on a quick snap, quick pass that was indefensible, according to Revis.Here they go again. Asked to describe his chances of shutting down Moss again, Revis said matter-of-factly, "I like them a lot. I'm a very confident player. I've covered this guy before ... I just need to focus on my game plan and do what I do best."The wild card Sunday could be Revis' conditioning, coming off a 36-day holdout. Coach Rex Ryan was concerned enough to limit Revis' role in Monday night's 10-9 loss to the Baltimore Ravens. Instead of having him shadow the Ravens' top receiver, Anquan Boldin, Ryan confined Revis to the left side, reducing the amount of running.The strategy backfired. Revis didn't allow any completions, but the Ravens picked on Antonio Cromartie and rookie Kyle Wilson. As a result, Boldin finished with 107 receiving yards, forcing Ryan to second-guess himself.On Sunday, the Jets won't get too cute with Revis. They will let him do what he usually does, mark the opponents' top receiver. That means Revis versus Moss, man to man, according to Ryan."It ought to be a great one," Ryan said. "There is only one corner in the league that would dare to go against Randy Moss one-on-one, and that's Darrelle. That's the only one that should try to compete."Moss apparently is fired up for the meeting. In an ESPN SportsCenter interview Tuesday, he said, "We're coming to the Meadowlands on Sunday, man, so you got 60 minutes of this 'Slouch.'"The rivalry has made a 180-degree turn. A year ago, it was Revis who felt disrespected. Now Moss is doing the chirping, issuing a challenge."I guess that's what he's been worrying about all offseason, staying off Revis Island," Revis said. "I'm sure he's going to come well-prepared Sunday, and I'm sure he's going to have some tricks up his sleeve."Rich Cimini covers the Jets for ESPNNewYork.com. Follow him on Twitter.More from ESPNNewYork.com »

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