text:
Patent US5892710 - Method and circuitry for storing discrete amounts of charge in a single ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA method and circuitry for programming a memory cell to one of at least three amounts of charge. The amount of charge placed in the memory cell is increased by increasing the voltage level of a programming pulse applied to the memory cell....http://www.google.com/patents/US5892710?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5892710 - Method and circuitry for storing discrete amounts of charge in a single memory elementAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS5892710 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 08/910,866Publication dateApr 6, 1999Filing dateAug 13, 1997Priority dateJan 21, 1994Fee statusPaidAlso published asDE69521882D1, DE69521882T2, EP0740837A1, EP0740837B1, US5440505, US5566125, US6091618, WO1995020225A1Publication number08910866, 910866, US 5892710 A, US 5892710A, US-A-5892710, US5892710 A, US5892710AInventorsAlbert Fazio, Gregory E. Atwood, James Q. MiOriginal AssigneeIntel CorporationExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (58), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (67), Classifications (16), Legal Events (5) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetMethod and circuitry for storing discrete amounts of charge in a single memory element
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2006Saifun Semiconductors Ltd.Method for operating a memory deviceUS7085164Nov 29, 2004Aug 1, 2006Micron Technology, Inc.Programming methods for multi-level flash EEPROMsUS7136304Oct 29, 2003Nov 14, 2006Saifun Semiconductor LtdMethod, system and circuit for programming a non-volatile memory arrayUS7178004Sep 3, 2003Feb 13, 2007Yan PolanskyMemory array programming circuit and a method for using the circuitUS7184313Jun 17, 2005Feb 27, 2007Saifun Semiconductors Ltd.Method circuit and system for compensating for temperature induced margin loss in non-volatile memory cellsUS7190620Jan 6, 2005Mar 13, 2007Saifun Semiconductors Ltd.Method for operating a memory deviceUS7220634Dec 16, 2003May 22, 2007Micron Technology, Inc.NROM memory cell, memory array, related devices and methodsUS7238599Mar 9, 2006Jul 3, 2007Micron Technology, Inc.Multi-state NROM deviceUS7269071Feb 2, 2006Sep 11, 2007Micron Technology, Inc.NROM memory cell, memory array, related devices and methodsUS7269072Feb 2, 2006Sep 11, 2007Micron Technology, Inc.NROM memory cell, memory array, related devices and methodsUS7301804Feb 2, 2006Nov 27, 2007Micro Technology, Inc.NROM memory cell, memory array, related devices and methodsUS7307878 *Aug 29, 2005Dec 11, 2007Spansion LlcFlash memory device having improved program rateUS7342830Jan 17, 2006Mar 11, 2008Spansion LlcProgram and program verify operations for flash memoryUS7349259Dec 22, 2005Mar 25, 2008Kabushiki Kaisha ToshibaSemiconductor memory deviceUS7366025Jun 10, 2004Apr 29, 2008Saifun Semiconductors Ltd.Reduced power programming of non-volatile cellsUS7371642Mar 9, 2006May 13, 2008Micron Technology, Inc.Multi-state NROM deviceUS7433228Sep 20, 2005Oct 7, 2008Spansion LlcMulti-bit flash memory device having improved program rateUS7453724Oct 31, 2007Nov 18, 2008Spansion, LlcFlash memory device having improved program rateUS7512009Apr 27, 2006Mar 31, 2009Saifun Semiconductors Ltd.Method for programming a reference cellUS7535048Feb 2, 2006May 19, 2009Micron 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2010Jan 24, 2012Round Rock Research, LlcProgramming methods for multi-level memory devicesUS8154922May 3, 2011Apr 10, 2012Kabushiki Kaisha ToshibaSemiconductor memory deviceUS8358543Sep 20, 2005Jan 22, 2013Spansion LlcFlash memory programming with data dependent control of source linesUS8391074Jun 18, 2012Mar 5, 2013Kabushiki Kaisha ToshibaSemiconductor memory device and data write method thereofUS8441056Jun 8, 2010May 14, 2013Micron Technology, Inc.NROM memory cell, memory array, related devices and methodsUS8462564Apr 20, 2011Jun 11, 2013Spansion LlcFlash memory programming power reductionUS8681562 *Mar 18, 2011Mar 25, 2014Micron Technology, Inc.Memories and methods of programming memoriesUS8787093Feb 6, 2013Jul 22, 2014Kabushiki Kaisha ToshibaSemiconductor memory device and data write method thereofUS8958247Mar 1, 2013Feb 17, 2015Kabushiki Kaisha ToshibaSemiconductor memory deviceUS20120176843 *Mar 18, 2011Jul 12, 2012Pranav KalavadeMemories and methods of programming memories* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification365/185.03, 365/185.22, 365/185.24International ClassificationG11C16/02, G11C17/00, G11C11/56, G11C27/00Cooperative ClassificationG11C27/005, G11C11/5621, G11C11/565, G11C11/5628, G11C2211/5621European ClassificationG11C11/56E, G11C11/56D2, G11C27/00F, G11C11/56DLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionSep 30, 2010FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 12Sep 29, 2006FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Jul 6, 2004CCCertificate of correctionOct 23, 2002REMIMaintenance fee reminder mailedSep 30, 2002FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services

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American Life Histories: Manuscripts from the Federal Writers' Project, 1936 to 1940, [Mrs. Ollie Sisco] (wpalh3.33050505/), Texas, McLennan County | Library of Congress
Results: 1-5 of 5 | Refined by: Part of: American Life Histories: Manuscripts from the Federal Writers' Project, 1936 to 1940 Remove Look Inside: [Mrs. Ollie Sisco] (wpalh3.33050505/) Remove Location: Texas Remove Location: McLennan County Remove
Image 1 of [Mrs. Ollie Sisco] 1 [White Pioneer?] FOLKLORE Mrs. Ada Davis, P. W. McLennan County, Texas. District No. 8 [S.700?] 240 No. of words 1000 File No. 240 Page No. 1 Reference Mrs. Ollie Sisco, Waco,...
Contributor: Davis, Ada - Sisco, Mrs. Ollie
Image 2 of [Mrs. Ollie Sisco] 2 Mr. Yowell remembers the gold carriage in which Maximilian rode on special occasions. C. M. Yowell vividly remembers the elaborate costumes worn by the nobles during Maximilian's reign, and the magnificent...
Image 3 of [Mrs. Ollie Sisco] 3 In January, 1868, a few families started for Texas. They drove six mules to each wagon. They were paid forty dollars to bring the corpse of a soldier some distance out...
Image 4 of [Mrs. Ollie Sisco] 4 with a big white and red cob in front of school because he called the teacher a liar. Later in '71 or '72 Yowell moved up on the hill in East...
Image 5 of [Mrs. Ollie Sisco] 5 got their mail at Waco. This farm joined his father's place.
Sisco, Mrs. Ollie 5
French Control Over Mexico 5

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Talk:Bioecological model/GA2 - Wikipedia
Talk:Bioecological model/GA2
< Talk:Bioecological model
Reviewer: Delldot (talk · contribs) 17:21, 18 January 2013 (UTC)
Hi, thanks for improving the article, I can see you've worked hard on it. It is a good start, but I'm going to fail this GA nom again unfortunately. The concerns brought up in the prior GA review and by other commenters have not fully been addressed. Namely:
The language is too jargony and difficult to understand for someone who has no special knowledge of the field (our main readership). For example:
Based on the interactions of proposed elements of the PPCT model, appropriate statistical analyses of PPCT data would likely include explorations of mediation and moderation effects, as well as multilevel modeling of data to account for the nesting of different components of the model. That should be rewritten into plain English.
Define (or better, replace) terms like 'bidirectional influences' and 'situational and proximal causes' in the text.
Simplify wording: He focused on predicting a pattern of associations among ecological, genetic, and cognitive variables as a function of proximal processes.
Explain what these are in the text, don't just link: "ecological validity and ecological experiments"
A major concern is that there are still citations needed:
There are no citations for the paragraph beginning, The development of ecological systems theory arose because Bronfenbrenner noted a lack of focus.
Citation needed for the paragraph about Lewin's life space beginning with the sentence The life space that contains all the events in the past, present...
Images needed. Perhaps a diagram to illustrate the four ecological systems, or other charts or illustrations to illustrate.
In general, I think the article needs a major copy edit, rewriting a lot of it so it's more clearly explained and easier for a layperson to understand.
If at any point you're interested in working on the article, whether or not for the purpose of GA status, I'm happy to help however you need. Also let me know if you need any clarification or explanation about anything here or on Wikipedia. Thanks again for improving the article. delldot ∇. 17:29, 18 January 2013 (UTC)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Bioecological_model/GA2&oldid=533719110"
This page was last edited on 18 January 2013, at 17:29.

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Bbq Smoker Pits in Houston, Texas with Reviews - YP.comStart your search by typing in the business name below.
Where?My current locationSearchSign In•JoinFind People•Advertise With UsHomeHouston, TXBbq Smoker PitsHouston, TX Bbq Smoker PitsAbout Search ResultsAbout Search ResultsYP - The Real Yellow PagesSM - helps you find the right local businesses to meet your specific needs. Search results are sorted by a combination of factors to give you a set of choices in response to your search criteria. These factors are similar to those you might use to determine which business to select from a local Yellow Pages directory, including proximity to where you are searching, expertise in the specific services or products you need, and comprehensive business information to help evaluate a business's suitability for you. “Preferred” listings, or those with featured website buttons, indicate YP advertisers who directly provide information about their businesses to help consumers make more informed buying decisions. YP advertisers receive higher placement in the default ordering of search results and may appear in sponsored listings on the top, side, or bottom of the search results page.Sort:DefaultDefaultDistanceRatingName (A - Z)Sponsored LinksAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your other collection!Error when adding to other collectionThis business was removed from the other collection1. BBQ Pits by Klose1355 Judiway StHouston, TX 77018(800) 487-7487Restaurant Equipment & Supply-Wholesale...WebsiteProductsFrom Business: David KLOSE is world champion BBQ PIT master WHO has been building barbecue smokers for over 30 years. ALL pits are custom built with ONE welder PER PIT using the highest quality materials available. American made for the american WAY of cooking.Add to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your food collection!Error when adding to food collectionThis business was removed from the food collection2. Lyndon's Pit BBQ13165 Northwest FwyHouston, TX 77040(713) 690-2112RestaurantsWebsiteMenuAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your home collection!Error when adding to home collectionThis business was removed from the home collection3. Texas Original BBQ Pits623 North Loop WHouston, TX 77008(281) 501-0448Barbecue Grills & SuppliesWebsiteAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your food collection!Error when adding to food collectionThis business was removed from the food collection4. Burn's Old Fashioned Pit BBQ - CLOSED(4)6314 Antoine DrHouston, TX 77091(832) 767-0342Barbecue RestaurantsRestaurantsI eat there sometimes three times a week. Excellent. Best ever. I can't get the tast out of my mouth. Except for recently. The last two times I have been there, there is definitley a change in the tast. I love the Southern style sausage's, I couldnt get a enough off, but that's all over wi…Add to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your food collection!Error when adding to food collectionThis business was removed from the food collection5. Smokey's Texas Pit BBQ - CLOSED(1)7820 Almeda RdHouston, TX 77054(713) 797-0887Barbecue RestaurantsRestaurantsvery good food and decent proportionsAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your food collection!Error when adding to food collectionThis business was removed from the food collection6. Lockn’Rod Real Pit BBQ3231 N Main StStafford, TX 77477(832) 409-1718PizzaCaterersAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your food collection!Error when adding to food collectionThis business was removed from the food collection7. Pit BBQ Supply5621 S Main StCrosby, TX 77532(281) 328-2716Barbecue RestaurantsRestaurantsAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your food collection!Error when adding to food collectionThis business was removed from the food collection8. Pit Master BBQ842 Rayford RdSpring, TX 77386(281) 362-1111Barbecue RestaurantsWebsiteMenuAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your food collection!Error when adding to food collectionThis business was removed from the food collection9. Pit Master BBQ(1)BBB Rating: A+343 Sawdust RdSpring, TX 77380(281) 419-3644Barbecue RestaurantsCaterersWebsiteMenuOrder OnlineWaite 25 minutes no service. Told by manger to wait. Chop brisket sandwich tasted like sloppy joe. Add to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your food collection!Error when adding to food collectionThis business was removed from the food collection10. Hellfire BBQ Pits21912 Mueschke RdTomball, TX 77377(281) 255-9590Barbecue RestaurantsRestaurantsAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your food collection!Error when adding to food collectionThis business was removed from the food collection11. Lyndon's Pit Bar-B-Q(15)5320 Hollister StHouston, TX 77040(713) 690-2112Barbecue RestaurantsWebsiteAs a guy from Memphis where Porky's BBQ set the standard for pulled pork BBQ, Lyndon's, like Porky's, will make you hurt yourself. Since I live in Friendswood, I make special trips to Lyndon's just to purchase their sauce to make my own pulled pork loin. ExcellentAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your other collection!Error when adding to other collectionThis business was removed from the other collection12. Bar-B-Que Pits By Klose2216 W 34th StHouston, TX 77018(713) 686-8720Barbecue Equipment & Supplies-Wholesale...WebsiteAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your home collection!Error when adding to home collectionThis business was removed from the home collection13. Gator PitBBB Rating: A+11161 W Little York RdHouston, TX 77041(713) 896-0144Barbecue Grills & SuppliesWebsiteAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your food collection!Error when adding to food collectionThis business was removed from the food collection14. Dickey's Barbecue Pit1109 Bay Area BlvdHouston, TX 77058(281) 286-7427Barbecue RestaurantsCaterersRestaurantsWebsiteMenuOrder OnlineAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your food collection!Error when adding to food collectionThis business was removed from the food collection15. Dickey's Barbecue Pit(2)1911 Taylor StHouston, TX 77007(832) 673-0077Barbecue RestaurantsRestaurantsCaterersWebsiteMenuHave gone several times in past 6 months. Staff friendly and food always good. Management has changed in past year and food and service much improved.Add to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your food collection!Error when adding to food collectionThis business was removed from the food collection16. Dickey's Barbecue Pit6184 Highway 6 NHouston, TX 77084(281) 345-7528Barbecue RestaurantsRestaurantsCaterersWebsiteMenuOrder OnlineAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your food collection!Error when adding to food collectionThis business was removed from the food collection17. Dickey's Barbecue Pit21519 State Highway 249 Suite IHouston, TX 77070(281) 251-0440Barbecue RestaurantsRestaurantsCaterersWebsiteOrder OnlineAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your home collection!Error when adding to home collectionThis business was removed from the home collection18. Texas Original Pits227 Hambrick RdHouston, TX 77060(281) 416-4059Barbecue Grills & SuppliesRestaurantsWebsiteAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your food collection!Error when adding to food collectionThis business was removed from the food collection19. Dickey's Barbecue Pit - CLOSED(1)6383 Westheimer RdHouston, TX 77057(713) 278-0435Barbecue RestaurantsRestaurantsWebsiteThe food is really good, in fact, my hubby and I try to go at least once a week for lunch. I believe it just opened so the service is just a little slow because it appears they don't quite have their ""rhythm"" down... especially for the lunch break crowd. We appreciate good BBQ and I person…Add to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your food collection!Error when adding to food collectionThis business was removed from the food collection20. Hickory Pit(3)6601 S Rice AveBellaire, TX 77401(713) 666-0661Barbecue RestaurantsCaterersRestaurantsGot to try the Western. It's one of the best food combinations you can get. Mix the beef w/ the sausage...chopped up and spread over a warm bun. Then covered w/ their homemade suace, add beans, cheese, and chives...plus more sause, and dang! It is some good ish.Add to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your food collection!Error when adding to food collectionThis business was removed from the food collection21. Pages Barbeque Pit403 Meadow View CtFriendswood, TX 77546(281) 992-2103Barbecue RestaurantsRestaurantsAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your food collection!Error when adding to food collectionThis business was removed from the food collection22. Dickey's Barbecue Pit(1)9759 Fm 1960 Bypass Rd WHumble, TX 77338(281) 570-6297Barbecue RestaurantsRestaurantsCaterersWebsiteMenuOrdered sliced beef, got home with sliced marble fat, none of the premium beef. The orange potatoe salad was rancid! For spending nearly 50:00. You'd think you would have something worth eating. I will not recommend this place to anyone. The reason I gave it a star, is that the fatty meat …Add to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your food collection!Error when adding to food collectionThis business was removed from the food collection23. Dickey's Barbecue Pit(1)1614 Louetta RdSpring, TX 77388(281) 907-6000Barbecue RestaurantsRestaurantsCaterersWebsiteMenuOrder OnlineAvoid this place at all costs. The " owner" refused to honor the gift certificate. Really he was unconcerned about it. After auguring with him for 10 minuets he agreed to accept it however we had already decided to leave . Stay away…. There are too many places to eat to tolerate a place like th…Add to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your food collection!Error when adding to food collectionThis business was removed from the food collection24. Dickey's Barbecue Pit532 Kingwood DrKingwood, TX 77339(832) 644-6879Barbecue RestaurantsRestaurantsCaterersWebsiteMenuOrder OnlineAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your food collection!Error when adding to food collectionThis business was removed from the food collection25. Dickey's Barbecue Pit7850 W Grand Pkwy SRichmond, TX 77406(832) 847-4847Barbecue RestaurantsRestaurantsCaterersWebsiteAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your food collection!Error when adding to food collectionThis business was removed from the food collection26. Dickey's Barbecue Pit1315 W Grand Pkwy S Ste 108Katy, TX 77494(281) 347-3097Barbecue RestaurantsRestaurantsCaterersWebsiteAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your food collection!Error when adding to food collectionThis business was removed from the food collection27. Dickeys Barbecue Pit(1)28155 State Highway 249 Ste 2Tomball, TX 77375(281) 255-2775Barbecue RestaurantsWebsiteMenuOrder OnlineThis was the worst experience at a Dickies I have ever had. Its been a while since we had been to Dickies since our last experience wasn't all that great but we decided to give it another try because the food is usually pretty good. We walk in and order our food and they are out of potatoes (whi…Add to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your other collection!Error when adding to other collectionThis business was removed from the other collection28. Guyton's Custom Barbeque Pits6807 Manor Terrace LnRichmond, TX 77469(832) 443-5607Barbecue Equipment & Supplies-Wholesale...Add to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your home collection!Error when adding to home collectionThis business was removed from the home collection29. Texas Pit Crafters31909 Decker Industrial DrPinehurst, TX 77362(281) 356-2168Barbecue Grills & SuppliesWebsiteFrom Business: Texas Pit Crafters is a high-end manufacturer of grills, smokers/pits and outdoor kitchens. We design, engineer and manufacture virtually all our own products. The result is very high quality, long lasting products that perform exceptionally and look great. Our single focus is on customer satisfaction. We accomplish this w…Add to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your food collection!Error when adding to food collectionThis business was removed from the food collection30. The Witt Pit Barbeque2516 1st StRosenberg, TX 77471(832) 759-5182Barbecue RestaurantsRestaurantsFrom Business: Cozy family owned BBQ Joint located in Rosenberg (Southwest Houston) specializing in Texas Style Real Pit BBQ. Mouthwatering BBQ, tasty homemade sides,great service,& family vibe set us apart. We'd love to serve ya !Sponsored LinksShowing1-30
of 31results12NextMap ViewSponsoredBrown Sugar's Bar B Que(10)11030 Kingspoint Rd Ste 2, Houston, TX 77075(713) 944-6544Custom Cooking & Catering For Small & Lrg PartiesWebsiteDirectionsMore InfoLuling City Market(57)4726 Richmond Ave, Houston, TX 77027(713) 871-1903WebsiteDirectionsMore InfoDozier's Grocery(3)8222 Fm 359 Rd S, Fulshear, TX 77441(281) 769-5585WebsiteDirectionsMore InfoDidn't find what you were looking for?magnifying glassPlease help others by helping us do better.Suggest a BusinessAboutAbout UsSite FeedbackContact UsAdvertise with UsCareers - We're HiringCorporate BlogEngineering BlogLegal

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Gillette's Chief Executive, 68, Says He Will Retire in April - The New York Times
Business Day|Gillette's Chief Executive, 68, Says He Will Retire in April
Gillette's Chief Executive, 68, Says He Will Retire in April
By DANA CANEDYFEB. 19, 1999
The chairman and chief executive of the Gillette Company, Alfred M. Zeien, said yesterday that he would retire on April 15, after a year of mixed financial results.Mr. Zeien led Gillette, the world's largest maker of men's shaving systems, for eight years and was the force behind the Mach 3, Gillette's new three-blade shaver. He will be replaced by Michael C. Hawley, the company's president and chief operating officer.The company said that Mr. Zeien's decision to step down was his alone. And while analysts said they thought that Mr. Zeien, who is 68, initiated the management change, his departure comes at a time when Gillette, hurt by financial instability in some international markets, has been struggling to consistently deliver its goal of double-digit earnings growth.Gillette has long prided itself not only on the strength of its Sensor line of razors and blades but also on its global reach and consistent delivery of double-digit quarterly earnings growth. Both were factors that hurt the company last year. Continue reading the main story
Just as it was promoting the Mach 3 and rolling it out as fast as its factories would produce them, Gillette, which gets about 35 percent of its revenues from outside the United States, was suffering from weakness in many international markets, slow battery sales of its Duracell brand, and reduced revenues from blades.
Largely because of the troubles abroad, particularly in emerging markets, Gillette's profits fell nearly 20 percent in the third quarter of last year -- the company's first quarterly decline in eight years.The company, however, did rebound somewhat in the fourth quarter, when it posted a 5 percent gain in operating income, to $720 million. Since then, management has said, and reiterated in a conference call yesterday, that it expects to return to a 15 percent to 20 percent rate of earnings growth in the second half of this year.''You'll lose no sleep over investments in Gillette over the next few years,'' said Mr. Zeien, who is a 31-year veteran of the Boston-based company. He said that although there was never an ideal time to step aside, ''this is almost the best time.'' In support of that view, he ticked off a number of achievements, including the introduction of the Mach 3 seven months ago, the company's acquisition of Duracell and its having overcome what he called a ''blip'' in the third quarter.
Mr. Hawley, who will take over after the company's annual meeting on April 15, said that going forward, ''we will capitalize on the sales and profits growth opportunities to be realized, and the cost reduction benefits to be derived, from two key activities we've recently begun.'' They are an integration of the company's global operations in 1997 and a reorganization announced last year.
Mr. Hawley, 61, has worked for Gillette in various capacities for 31 years, including in finance, marketing and technical operations. He is considered one of Gillette's most experienced international managers, having worked in five countries.
Under his leadership, Mr. Hawley said, investors can be assured that Gillette will remain focused on being the leader ''in existing or new core product categories in which we choose to compete.''
As for Mr. Zeien, said Wendy Nicholson, an analyst who follows Gillette for Salomon Smith Barney, ''given Gillette's weakness in 1998, I think Al probably felt very personally compelled to stay with the company to ride them through this difficult time.''''Now that they have reported better earnings in the fourth quarter and the momentum seems to have been restored at the company, Al can leave Gillette feeling like he left a healthy business,'' Ms. Nicholson said. ''Clearly, given the historical success, he would not have left the company on a down tick.''Gillette announced the management change after the market closed. Its shares closed at $55.6875, down 81.25 cents. Continue reading the main story

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Polanco 2 Bedroom Apartment, Mexico City, Mexico - Booking.com
! We’re sorry, but this property isn’t taking reservations on our site right now. Don’t worry, you can find tons of other nearby properties right here. Polanco 2 Bedroom Apartment
Located 650 yards from Antara Polanco and 1.7 miles from National Museum of Anthropology, Polanco 2 Bedroom Apartment offers accommodation in Mexico City. Providing free private parking, the apartment is 2 miles from Chapultepec Forest. Free WiFi is offered throughout the property.
The unit fitted with a kitchen with an oven and microwave. A flat-screen TV is available. Other facilities at Polanco 2 Bedroom Apartment include an outdoor pool.
Forest of Chapultepec is 2.1 miles from Polanco 2 Bedroom Apartment, while Castillo de Chapultepec - Museo is 2.2 miles from the property. Benito Juárez Airport is 8.1 miles away.
Polanco 2 Bedroom Apartment has been welcoming Booking.com guests since 9 Dec 2016.
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Isaaya Hotel Boutique by WTC is located across from the Mexico City World Trade Center. The hotel features a restaurant and bar while guest rooms include free Wi-Fi. Most recent booking for this hotel was yesterday at 23:15
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value: This website is a Dutch online travel agency for lodging reservations & other travel products, and a subsidiary of Booking Holdings. It is headquartered in Amsterdam.The website has over 28 million listings.


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kidsline come fly with me | eBay
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Dordrecht's dreadful campaign continued on Saturday with a 2-0 defeat at fifth-place AZ Alkmaar thanks to goals from Simon Poulsen and Nemanja Gudelj, handing the last-place side its 13th loss in 18 league matches.
Saturday's other fixture saw Den Haag and Cambuur battle to a 2-2 draw as Cambuur's Bartholomew Ogbeche scored a goal in each half, including the equalizer 12 minutes from time.

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9781401896973: Exploring Life Drawing (Design Concepts) - AbeBooks - Harold B. Stone: 1401896979
Harold B. Stone Exploring Life Drawing (Design Concepts)
ISBN 13: 9781401896973
Exploring Life Drawing (Design Concepts)
ISBN 10: 1401896979 ISBN 13: 9781401896973
Harold B. Stone, whose drawings have been exhibited across the U.S., has taught drawing, painting, and art history for 25 years. In 1995 he founded the Minneapolis Drawing Workshop, an organization dedicated to exhibiting figurative drawings and paintings and presenting drawing workshops, marathons, and cooperative drawing sessions.
What is Drawing? Contour Lines. Value. Gesture. The Quick Study. Modeling. Proportion. Composing the Picture. Developing your Skills. What Comes Next?
1. Exploring Life Drawing (Design Concepts)
Book Description Cengage Learning, 2007. Condition: New. book. Seller Inventory # M1401896979
2. Exploring Life Drawing
Published by Delmar Pub (2007)
Book Description Delmar Pub, 2007. Paperback. Condition: Brand New. 1st edition. 278 pages. 10.00x8.00x0.50 inches. In Stock. Seller Inventory # zk1401896979
3. Exploring Life Drawing (Design Exploration)
Book Description Delmar Cengage Learning, 2007. Paperback. Condition: New. 1. Seller Inventory # DADAX1401896979
4. Exploring Life Drawing (Design Concepts)
Stone, Harold B.
Book Description Cengage Learning. PAPERBACK. Condition: New. 1401896979 NEW BOOK! MIGHT HAVE SOME SLIGHT SHELF WEAR! NO CD OR ACCESS CODE!!! FAST SHIPPING! GREAT CUSTOMER SERVICE! ENERGETIC TEAM! HONDY. Seller Inventory # SKU1007933
5. Exploring Life Drawing (Design Exploration)
Harold B.(Harold B. Stone) Stone
Published by Delmar Cengage Learning 2007-03-30 (2007)
Book Description Delmar Cengage Learning 2007-03-30, 2007. Paperback. Condition: New. 001. 1401896979. Seller Inventory # 624410
6. Exploring Life Drawing (Design Concepts)
Book Description Cengage Learning, 2007. Paperback. Condition: New. Never used!. Seller Inventory # P111401896979
7. Exploring Life Drawing
Stone Harold B.
Book Description Thomson Learning. Condition: New. pp. 256 , Illus. Seller Inventory # 6814040
8. Exploring Life Drawing (Design Concepts)
Book Description Cengage Learning, 2007. Condition: New. Brand new! Please provide a physical shipping address. Seller Inventory # 9781401896973
9. EXPLORING LIFE DRAWING (DESIGN C
Book Description Condition: New. New. Seller Inventory # S-1401896979
10. Exploring Life Drawing (Design Concepts)
Book Description Cengage Learning, 2007. Paperback. Condition: New. 1. Ships with Tracking Number! INTERNATIONAL WORLDWIDE Shipping available. Buy with confidence, excellent customer service!. Seller Inventory # 1401896979n

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jerry rice mcfarlane | eBay
Skip to main contenteBayShop by categoryEnter your search keywordAll CategoriesAntiquesArtAutomotiveBabyBooksBusiness & IndustrialCameras & PhotoCell Phones & AccessoriesClothing, Shoes & AccessoriesCoins & Paper MoneyCollectiblesComputers/Tablets & NetworkingConsumer ElectronicsCraftsDolls & BearsDVDs & MoviesEntertainment MemorabiliaGift Cards & CouponsHealth & BeautyHome & GardenJewellery & WatchesMusicMusical Instruments & GearPet SuppliesPottery & GlassReal EstateSpecialty ServicesSporting GoodsSports Mem, Cards & Fan ShopStampsTickets & ExperiencesToys & HobbiesTravelVideo Games & ConsolesEverything ElseAdvanced or register':' style="margin-right:3px">Hi -User-!'.replace(/-User-/,escape(a)))+"")}catch(b){document.write("")}})();Hi (Sign in to bid or buy) eBay Deals Sell Help & ContactCurrent language EnglishEnglishFrançais My eBayExpand My eBay Summary Bids/Offers Watch List Wish List All Lists Purchase History Selling My Collections Followed searches MessagesNotification Related: deion sanders mcfarlane joe montana mcfarlane 49ers mcfarlane barry sanders mcfarlane troy aikman mcfarlane custom mcfarlane 12 mcfarlane tom brady mcfarlane
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Patent US4515473 - Photoelastic stress sensor signal processor - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign in<nobr>Advanced Patent Search</nobr>PatentsA signal processor is arranged to process polarized light signals obtained from a stress sensor of the type having a photoelastic element that responds to stress by causing a phase difference between components of the polarized light propagating through that element. The stress sensor provides two output...http://www.google.com/patents/US4515473?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US4515473 - Photoelastic stress sensor signal processorAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS4515473 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 06/650,229Publication dateMay 7, 1985Filing dateSep 13, 1984Priority dateSep 13, 1984Fee statusPaidPublication number06650229, 650229, US 4515473 A, US 4515473A, US-A-4515473, US4515473 A, US4515473AInventorsMarc D. MermelsteinOriginal AssigneeGeo-Centers, Inc.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (5), Referenced by (41), Classifications (9), Legal Events (7) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetPhotoelastic stress sensor signal processorUS 4515473 AAbstract A signal processor is arranged to process polarized light signals obtained from a stress sensor of the type having a photoelastic element that responds to stress by causing a phase difference between components of the polarized light propagating through that element. The stress sensor provides two output beams, each of which has a different polarized component of the transmitted light. The signal processor employs a pair of photodetectors which respond to the intensities of the two polarized light beams by converting the polarized light into electrical signals. Those two electrical signals provide the inputs to a difference differentiator that provides an output proportional to the difference between the derivatives of the inputs. The two electrical output signals of the photodetectors are also applied as inputs to a multiplier whose output is related to the product of its inputs. The square root of the output of the multiplier is obtained from a square root device and is used as the divisor in a divider whose numerator is the output of the difference differentiator. The output of the divider is applied to the input of an integrator whose output is a measure of the stress imposed on the photoelastic element.
I claim: 1. In a photoelastic polarimetric stress sensor of the type having(a) a photoelastic element, (b) means for directing polarized light into the photoelastic element, (c) stress imposing means responsive to a phenomenon to be measured for stressing the photoelastic element, (d) beam splitter means for splitting the polarized light passed through the photoelastic element into a plurality of beams each of which has a different polarized component of the light transmitted through the photoelastic element, and (e) means responsive to the light intensities of the split beams for providing an output that is a measure of the stress on the photoelastic element,the improvement wherein the means responsive to the light intensities of the split beams comprises (i) a pair of photodetectors, each photodetector providing an electrical output signal in response to a different one of the split beams, (ii) a difference differentiator responsive to the outputs of the pair of photodetectors for providing an output proportional to the difference between derivatives of its inputs, (iii) a multiplier responsive to the outputs of the pair of photodetectors for providing an output related to the product of its inputs, (iv) a square rooter responsive to the output of the multiplier for providing an output that is the square root of its input, (v) a divider responsive to the output of the difference differentiator as the numerator and the output of the square rooter as the divisor for providing an output signal, and (vi) an integrator responsive to the output of the divider for providing an output signal that is a measure of the imposed stress. 2. A method of processing signals provided by a photoelastic polarimetric stress sensor of the type having(a) a photoelastic element, (b) means for directing polarized light into the photoelastic element, (c) stress imposing means responsive to a phenomenon to be measured for stressing the photoelastic element, (d) beam splitter means for splitting the polarized light passed through the photoelastic element into a plurality of beams each of which has a different polarized component of the light transmitted through the photoelastic element, and (e) a pair of photodetectors, each photodetector providing an electrical output signal in response to a different one of the split beams,the method comprising the steps of (i) differentiating the outputs of the photodetectors and obtaining the difference between those derivatives, (ii) multiplying the outputs of the photodetectors and obtaining an output related to the product thereof, (iii) obtaining the square root of the multiplied output, (iv) dividing the difference obtained in the first step by the square root of the multiplied output, and (v) integrating the resultant of the preceding division. Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates in general to the processing of signals. More particularly, the invention pertains to the processing of signals, provided by a photoelastic polarimetric stress sensor, in a manner that reduces signal fading due to environmental changes, provides greater linear dynamic range than prior signal processing arrangements, and produces an output that is virtually free of noise originating from fluctuations in the light intensity of the polarized light directed into the photoelastic element of the stress sensor.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Photoelastic polarimetric stress sensing systems require signal processing in order to transform the optical signals provided by the stress sensor into an electrical signal that is proportional to the amplitude of the stress imposed on the stress sensor by the phenomenon of interest. Prior signal processing arrangements are subject to signal fading under changing environmental conditions, have a small linear dynamic range, and are adversely affected by fluctuations in the intensity of the polarized light provided by the light source of the sensing system. To deal with those undesired limitations, some prior signal processors have employed feedback to the photoelastic element to compensate for changing environmental conditions while other prior signal processors have utilized four or more optical outputs derived from the stress sensor.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION The principal object of the invention is to provide a signal processor for photoelastic polarimetric stress sensors that gives improved results over prior signal processors. More particularly, an object of the invention is to provide constant sensor sensitivity over an extended range so as to reduce the sensor sensitivity dependence on environmental conditions while allowing the instrument to operate over a broader range. Another object of the invention is to provide a signal processor that is insensitive to effects arising from fluctuations in the light provided by the light source of the polarimetric instrument.
THE INVENTION The invention resides in a signal processor for a polarimetric stress sensor system of the kind having a photoelastic element which responds to stress by causing a phase difference proportional to the stress to occur between components of polarized light propagating through the photoelastic element. The signal processor utilizes two signals obtained from a pair of photodetectors that respond to the intensities of two light beams. Each of the two beams has a different component of the polarized light that passed through the photoelastic element. The photodetectors respond to the polarized light beams by providing two electrical signals. Those two electrical signals are applied to the inputs of a difference differentiator that provides an output proportional to the derivative of the difference of the inputs. The two photodetector output signals are also applied as inputs to a multiplier whose output is related to the product of its inputs. The square root of the output of the multiplier is used as the divisor in a divider whose numerator is the output of the difference differentiator. The output of the divider is integrated to obtain a voltage signal that is a measure of the stress imposed on the photoelastic element.
THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 shows the scheme of a photoelastic stress sensor system of the type in which the invention is employed.
FIG. 2 shows the scheme of the preferred embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 shows the sensitivity of the preferred embodiment of the invention as a function of phase delay.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the linear dynamic range of the preferred embodiment of the invention as a function of useful operating range.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Referring now to FIG. 1, there is shown the scheme of a photoelastic polarimetric stress sensor instrument of the type in which the invention is employed. In that type of instrument, the photoelastic sensing element may be located in a sensing module 200 which is connected to an electro-optical module 100 by optical fibers that provide light transmission lines between the sensing module and the electro-optical module. It is not necessary to have the instrument divided into two modules but it is convenient to have the "active sensing element" in a separate unit and, consequently, the typical instrument is here described as being so arranged.
The electro-optical module 100 contains a source of light 101 which usually is a laser that provides a beam of light. The light beam is focused by a lens 102 upon the input end of an optical fiber 150 that transmits the light to module 200 where a lens 201 collimates the emergent light into a beam that is directed through a polarizer 202 which polarizes the light along two orthogonal axes. The polarized light is then passed through a quarter wave plate 203 and emerges as circularly polarized light. In essence the quarter wave plate introduces a biasing phase delay of 90� between the two orthogonal components of the electric field vector. The circularly polarized light is focused by a lens 204 upon the input end of a photoelastic element. In some instruments, the polarizer 202, quarter wave plate 203, and lens 204 may be situated in the electro-optical module and the optical fiber 150 is then employed to transmit the circularly polarized light to the sensing module 200.
For purposes of illustration, the photoelastic element is here depicted as a single mode optical fiber 205. To enable that fiber to be stressed, the fiber is wound upon a drum 213. The drum imposes stress on the fiber 205 in response to a phenomenon to be measured. For example, the drum may expand or retract in response to changes in pressure. As another example, the drum may be magnetostrictive so as to respond to the presence of a magnetic field.
It should be understood that other kinds of photoelastic elements can be used and that the means for imposing stress on the photoelastic element will, in general, depend upon the kind of photoelastic element that is employed.
A single mode optical fiber is a convenient photoelastic element because in its unstressed condition, polarized light is transmitted through the fiber without any change in polarization. When the single mode optical fiber is stressed, the fiber exhibits birefringence which introduces a phase delay between two orthogonally polarized components of the light propagating in the fiber. The polarized light passing through the fiber 205 undergoes a total phase delay Γ equal to the stress-induced birefringence times the stressed lenght L of the fiber.
The light emerging from the output end of photoelastic element 205 is collimated by a lens 206 and the X and Y polarized components of that light are separated by a beam splitter 207. The beam splitter can be a Glan-Thompson prism which directs one polarized component to the lens 208 and directs the other polarized component to the lens 209. Other beam splitting arrangements may be used but those other arrangements usually entail some loss of light intensity in transmitting the light to the lenses. The X polarized component is focused by lens 208 onto the input end of an optical fiber 210 which transmits that light to a photodetector 103 in the electro-optical module 100. The Y polarized component of the light is focused by lens 209 onto the input end of an optical fiber 211 which transmits that light to another photodetector 104 in the electro-optical module. It is obvious that the separation of the X and Y polarized light components could have been accomplished in the electro-optical module rather than in the sensing module by using a single optical fiber to transmit the light output of the photoelastic element 205 to the electro-optical module.
The intensities Ix and Iy of the light propagating in fibers 210 and 211 are given by
Ix =1/2Io [1+COS Γ]
Iy =1/2Io [1-COS Γ]
where Io is the intensity of the light emerging from the photoelastic element 205. The total phase delay is equal to the sum of three components: Γ=π/2+Γo +Γ1. The quarter wave plate 203 provides the preferred phase delay bias of 90�. Γo is the slowly varying phase delay produced by changes in ambient conditions, such as a change in temperature or a change in atmospheric pressure, etc. Phase delay brought about by ambient conditions can result in a loss of sensitivity of the sensor instrument. The third component, Γ1, is the phase delay brought about by the phenomenon of interest. The intensities of the light output from fibers 210 and 211 may be more explicitly written as:
Ix =1/2Io [1-sin Γo cos Γ1 -cos Γo sin 64 1 ]
Iy =1/2Io [1+sin Γo cos Γ1 +cos Γo sin Γ1 ]
The light propagating in fibers 210 and 211 (of intensities Ix and Iy) are transmitted by those fibers to the photodetectors 103 and 104 which convert the light into electrical signals. Those electrical signals are processed by the signal processor 105 in a manner that transforms the optical outputs Ix and Iy into an electrical signal proportional to the amplitude of the signal field. The signal processor of the invention, in performing the optical to electrical transformation, acts to greatly reduce distortion originating from three sources. The sources of distortion are: (1) signal fading due to environmentally-induced changes in the phase delay Γo, (2) non-linear response to large signal amplitudes, and (3) noise associated with fluctuations in the light intensity Io.
Referring now to FIG. 2, there is shown the preferred embodiment of the improved signal processing arrangement for providing an output that is virtually free of noise arising from fluctuations in the light intensity of the polarized light directed into the photoelastic element. That improved arrangement reduces signal fading due to environmentally induced changes in the phase delay Γo and provides greater linear dynamic range than "prior art" signal processing arrangments.
In the improved signal processor the output signals Vx and Vy from photodetectors 103 and 104 are applied to the inputs of a difference differentiator 107 having an operational amplifier 115 whose output is fed back through a resistor R1 and capacitor C1 to its non-inverting input while its inverting input is connected to ground through resistor R2 and capacitor C2. The differentiator typically differentiates frequencies between 0 and 10.0 KHz while attenuating higher input frequencies. The frequency regime can be chosen to suit the needs of the sensor. The difference differentiator provides an output equal to Vx -Vy. That is, the difference differentiator produces an output proportional to the difference between the derivatives Vx and Vy.
The Vx and Vy output signals of the photodetectors 103 and 104 also provide the inputs to a multiplier 108 which can be a conventional unit. The output of the multiplier 108 is given by Vx Vy /VRef where VRef is a reference voltage, preferably of 10 volts. The output of the multiplier is fed to a square root device 109 whose output is the square root √Vx Vy of its input. The square rooter can be any of the suitable conventional electronic devices which are now readily available.
The √Vx Vy output of the square rooter is utilized as the divisor in the divider 110. The numerator for the divider is supplied by the Vx -Vy output of the difference differentiator. The output of the divider 110 is fed to the input of an integrator 111. For purposes of illustration the integrator is shown as a conventional device having an operational amplifier 116 arranged to perform integration. In that arrangement, the feedback capacitor C3 is shunted by a large resistance R3 in order to limit any offset voltage contribution to integrator's output. Hence, the output of integrator 111 is a voltage proportional to the amplitude of the phenomenon-induced phase delay Γ (t) and that integrated output is a measure of the stress imposed on the photoelastic element 205.
The photodetectors 103 and 104 convert the light intensities Ix, Iy and Io to voltages Vx, Vy, and Vo, respectively. Those quantities are then related by:
Vx =1/2Vo [1-sin Γo cos Γ1 -cos Γo sin Γ1 ]
Vy =1/2Vo [1+sin Γo cos Γ1 +cos Γo sin Γ1 ]
Conventional signal processors attempt to obtain a voltage proportional to the phenomenon-induced stress by constructing the difference voltage ΔV:
ΔV=Vo [ sin Γo cos Γ1 +cos Γo sin Γ1 ]
In order to obtain a voltage that is linearly proportional to the phenomenon-induced phase delay Γ1, it is generally required that the phenomenon-induced phase delay be small, i.e. Γ1 (t)<1. The difference voltage may then be written as
ΔV=Vo [ sin Γo +cos Γo Γ1 (t)]
The voltage proportional to the signal is given by:
ΔV=Vo cos Γo Γ1 (t)
Two problems are evident:
(1) the voltage response ΔV is dependent upon Γo so that the signal voltage is subject to fading under changing environmental conditions, and
(2) the linear dynamic range of the sensor is limited by the requirement that the signal-induced phase delay Γ1 (t) be small.
The signal processor here disclosed significantly reduces the signal fading problem while extending the linear dynamic range.
The phase delay Γ(t) attributed to the phenomenon imposed stress on the photoelastic element is given by: ##EQU1##
More explicitly this may be rewritten as ##EQU2## where Vref is a reference voltage determined by the analogue electronics. It is seen that this equation is not explicitly dependent upon the phase delay Γo which is subject to environmentally-induced changes. Rather, it is limited by the requirement that ε, given by:
ε=cos Γo cos Γ1 -sin Γo sin Γ1 remain non-zero.
The phenomenon-induced phase delay is represented by
Γ1 (t)=Γ1 � cos wt
where Γ1 � is the phase delay amplitude that is proportional to the signal field amplitude and w is the signal frequency. The quantity ε will be in the limited region given by: ##EQU3## Hence, constant and maximum signal detection sensitivity is obtained for all valuse of Γo outside the specified phase delay range. This provides enhanced sensor stability against changing environmental conditions. FIG. 2 shows the sensitivity μ of the signal processor as a function of phase delay Γo. This result is shown in a manner that facilitates comparison with the sensitivity of the unprocessed signal. Even for small signals, it is evident that the disclosed signal processor provides constant maximum sensitivity outside singular points in the neighborhood of nπ/2. This greatly improves the signal fading immunity for the polarimetric sensor without the inclusion of active feedback elements or additional optical outputs.
The linear dynamic range of the signal processor is a measure of the range over which the amplitude of the signal-induced phase delay Γ1 � can vary without introducing non-linearities in the signal processing. The small signal approximation required for conventional signal processing, limits the maximum value of Γ1 � to approximately 0.1 radians. The disclosed signal processor extends the dynamic range at the expense of some reduction in permissible operating range for Γo. Hence, there is a trade-off between operating point and linear dynamic range. FIG. 3 illustrates the linear dynamic range (or maximum value for Γ1 �) as a function of the percentage of useful operating point range. For example, a maximum phase delay amplitude of π/4 corresponds to the availability of 50% of the operating point range for Γo and represents an approximate order of magnitude increase in linear dynmic range.
Although the invention has been described as a signal processor comprised of electronic apparatus such as an integrator, divider, multiplier, etc., it is evident to those knowledgeable of the computer art that the functions of the electronic apparatus can be performed by a computer under the control of a program that causes the computer to perform the functions of the apparatus or equivalents of those functions. It is, therefore, intended that the invention not be limited to the embodiment here illustrated and described. Rather, it is intended that the invention be construed in accordance with the appended claims.
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ClassificationG01L1/24B2, G01B11/18Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionDec 7, 2005ASAssignmentOwner name: SCIENCE APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION, CAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:GEO-CENTERS, INC;REEL/FRAME:016862/0268Effective date: 20051007Feb 18, 1997SULPSurcharge for late paymentFeb 18, 1997FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 12Dec 10, 1996REMIMaintenance fee reminder mailedOct 14, 1992FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Oct 17, 1988FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Sep 13, 1984ASAssignmentOwner name: GEO-CENTERS, INC., 320 NEEDHAM ST., NEWTON UPPER FFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:MERMELSTEIN, MARC D.;REEL/FRAME:004311/0702Effective date: 19840904RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google


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