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Patent US5072238 - Heat transfer recording method - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsThe present invention provides a heat transfer recording apparatus for recording an image on a recording medium by selectively applying thermal energy by a recording head, comprises: conveying means for conveying a transfer medium, a recording head for selectively applying the energy to the transfer...http://www.google.com/patents/US5072238?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5072238 - Heat transfer recording methodAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS5072238 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 07/632,641Publication dateDec 10, 1991Filing dateDec 26, 1990Priority dateMar 30, 1988Fee statusPaidPublication number07632641, 632641, US 5072238 A, US 5072238A, US-A-5072238, US5072238 A, US5072238AInventorsHitoshi Kishino, Nobuyuki Kuwabara, Haruhiko Takahashi, Makoto Takamiya, Yasuyuki Tamura, Tadashi Yamamoto, Kosuke YamamotoOriginal AssigneeCanon Kabushiki KaishaExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (3), Referenced by (10), Classifications (8), Legal Events (4) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetHeat transfer recording methodUS 5072238 AAbstract The present invention provides a heat transfer recording apparatus for recording an image on a recording medium by selectively applying thermal energy by a recording head, comprises: conveying means for conveying a transfer medium, a recording head for selectively applying the energy to the transfer medium, pressing means for changing a pressing force of the recording head, tension means for changing a conveying tension on the transfer medium, peeling angle changing means for changing an angle of the transfer medium peeled from the recording medium; and control means for changing the conveying tension on the transfer medium or/and the peeling angle in response to the change in the pressing force of the recording head. The present invention further provides a heat transfer recording method for recording an image on a recording medium by selectively applying thermal energy by a recording head, wherein: when a pressing force of the recording head is increased, a tension on a transfer medium at a downstream side of the transfer medium with respect to the recording head is increased, or a tension on the transfer medium at an upstream side of the transfer medium with respect to the recording head is decreased, or a peeling angle of the transfer medium peeled from the recording medium is increased.
What is claimed is: 1. A heat transfer recording method for recording an image on a recording medium by selectively applying thermal energy to a transfer recording medium with a recording head, said transfer recording medium having a downstream side with respect to said recording head, comprising:providing an ink ribbon cassette carrying said transfer recording medium; providing tension means for controlling a tension applied to said downstream side of said transfer recording medium; varying a pressing force of said recording head; and correspondingly varying said tension applied to said downstream side of said transfer recording medium in response to said varying of said pressing force. 2. A heat transfer recording method as in claim 1 wherein said pressing force is varied to have one of a plurality of pressing force values, and said tension is varied according to a predetermined scheme to have a different tension value for each one of said plurality of pressing force values.
3. A heat transfer recording method for recording an image on a recording medium by selectively applying thermal energy to a transfer recording medium with a recording head, said transfer recording medium having a downstream side with respect to said recording head, comprising:providing a conveyance route for said recording medium; providing a carrier which can be reciprocally moved along said conveyance route; providing control means for controlling a pressing force of said recording head on said carrier; varying said pressing force; and, correspondingly varying said tension applied to said downstream side of said transfer recording medium in response to said varying of said pressing force. 4. A heat transfer recording method as in claim 3 wherein said pressing force is varied to have one of a plurality of pressing force values, and said tension is varied according to a predetermined scheme to have a different tension value for each one of said plurality of pressing force values.
5. A heat transfer recording method for recording an image on a recording medium by selectively applying thermal energy to a transfer recording medium with a recording head, said transfer recording medium having a downstream side with respect to said recording head, comprising:varying a pressing force of said recording head; correspondingly varying a tension on said downstream side of said transfer recording medium in response to said varying of said pressing force; and providing control means for controlling said tension, said control means for controlling having a setting table of values, said table of values having a plurality of different pressing force values for said recording head and a plurality of corresponding tension values, said control means for controlling varying said tension in accordance with said table based upon said pressing force. Description
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/330,266 filed Mar. 29, 1989 now abandoned.
The present invention relates to a heat transfer recording method for recording images on a recording medium and, and a heat transfer recording apparatus using such method. More particularly, it relates to a heat transfer recording method for recording images on a recording medium by transferring ink from a transfer medium including the ink to the recording medium, and a heat transfer recording apparatus for carrying out such method.
The heat transfer recording apparatus can include electronic typewriters, word processors, printers, copying machines, facsimiles and the like.
Up to date, various recording apparatuses have been developed as output means for outputting the inputted information. Among them, a typical one is a heat transfer recording apparatus.
In the heat transfer recording apparatus, an image is recorded on a recording paper by pressing an ink sheet against the recording paper by a recording head, then by selectively heating the recording head to fuse heat fusible ink coated on the ink sheet in accordance with an image pattern, thus transferring the fused ink onto the recording paper. Accordingly, the heat transfer recording apparatus has advantages that it is light-weighted, compact and noiseless, and, therefore, has been widely used as the output means of word processors, electronic typewriters and the like.
In the heat transfer recording apparatus, while it is preferable to use the recording paper having smooth surfaces such as a plain paper, it has recently been requested to record the image even on a rough (smoothless) recording paper such as a bond paper, as well as the smooth-faced plain paper, with high dignity.
In order to record the image on the rough recording paper with high dignity, it is desirable to increase the pressing force of the recording head acting on the recording paper. However, if the pressing force of the recording head is increased, when the smooth-faced plain paper is used as the recording paper, it will be difficult to correct the image erroneously recorded on the plain paper; thus, it is necessary to make the pressing force variable. In this case, however, when the pressing force of the recording head is increased in case of the rough recording paper, the moving ink sheet will slip on the recording paper and/or there will be a delay in separation of the ink sheet from the recording paper, thus worsening the dignity of the recorded image.
In this way, in the conventional heat transfer recording method, there will be a difference in dignity of the recorded image in accordance with the degree of smoothness of the used recording papers. In particular, when the smoothless recording paper such as a rough paper is used, the edge of the image transferred to and recorded on such smoothless paper will be indistinct or blurred, and, further, if the ink is heat transferable ink including wax as a main component, the image recorded on the smoothless paper will be light in color.
It has been tried to increase the density of the transferred image by using the heat transferable ink including, as a main component, resin having relatively high viscosity when fused. However, in this case, since the ink is extensible, the edge of the transferred image will be indistinct (i.e., the sharpness of the edge of the recorded image will be insufficient), thereby worsening the dignity of the image.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a heat transfer recording method and a heat transfer recording apparatus using such method, which can obtain recorded images of high dignity.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a heat transfer recording method and a heat transfer recording apparatus using such method, which can effectively record images even on a smoothless recording paper.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a heat transfer recording method and a heat transfer recording apparatus using such method, which can prevent a moving transfer medium from slipping on a recording medium and eliminate a delay in separation of the transfer medium from the recording medium.
A still further object of the present invention is to provide a heat transfer recording method and apparatus which can eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks of the conventional methods and apparatuses, and can obtain a transferred image of high dignity, regardless of the degree of smoothness of a recording medium.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a heat transfer recording method and a heat transfer recording apparatus using such method, which can eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks of the conventional methods and apparatuses, and can record images with high dignity, by setting a peeling or separating angle of a transfer medium from a recording medium and a front tension (conveying tension) of the transfer medium at optimum values.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a heat transfer recording method and a heat transfer recording apparatus using such method, which can record images with high dignity regardless of the degree of smoothness of a surface of a recording medium, by altering the conveying tension of the transfer medium and the peeling angle of the transfer with respect to a pressing force of a recording head.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a heat transfer recording method and a heat transfer recording apparatus using such method, which can make the edge of a recorded image distinct or sharp.
The other object of the present invention is to provide a heat transfer recording method and a heat transfer recording apparatus using such method, which can separate non-heated ink from heated ink moderately to keep the degree of extension of the heated ink constant, by selecting the peeling angle of the transfer medium to 40 the edge of a recorded image distinct or sharp.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will now be explained in connection with embodiments applied to a serial-type heat transfer recording apparatus with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 shows an exploded perspective view of a heat transfer recording apparatus embodying the present invention, and FIG. 2 shows a main portion of the apparatus in partially broken.
First of all, the whole construction of the apparatus will be briefly explained. As shown, an ink ribbon 2 constituting a transfer medium is housed in a cassette 1 which can be removably mounted on a carriage 3. The carriage 3 is reciprocably shifted along a carriage shaft 5 by means of a driving mechanism 4. When the carriage 3 is shifted in a direction shown by an arrow A, the ink ribbon 2 is fed out by means of a pair of rollers 6 which constitute ink ribbon conveying means. At the same time, a portion of the ink ribbon 2 is pressed against a recording medium (for example, a plain paper, a plastic sheet and the like) (referred to as "recording paper" hereinafter) 9 by means of a recording head and is heated by the recording head, thus transferring ink on the ink ribbon onto the recording paper 9 to record an image thereon. Incidentally, the recording paper 9 is supported, at its back surface, by a platen roller 8.
The pressing force that the recording head 7 presses the ink ribbon 2 and the recording paper 9 against the platen roller 8 during the recording operation can be changed by pressing means 10. Further, a tension force acting on the ink ribbon 2 being pressed can also be changed by tensioning means 11.
Next, the construction of each of the constructural elements will be fully explained. First of all, the cassette 1 is constituted by an upper cover 1b and a lower case 1a within which the ink ribbon 2 constituting the transfer medium is received. The ink ribbon 2 comprises a base film and a heat transferable (for example, heat fusible, thermoplastic, or heat sublimable) ink layer. The ink ribbon 2 is wound around a feeding core 1c in the cassette 1 and extends from the feeding core 1c to pass through an aperture (not shown) formed in the lower case 1a so as to be exposed, and then is wound around a take-up core 1d.
The carriage 3 is connected to a belt 4C extending between pulleys 4a and 4b, so that, when a carriage motor 4d connected to the pulley 4a is energized, the carriage 3 is reciprocably shifted along the carriage shaft 5.
When the carriage 3 is shifted in the direction A, the ink ribbon 2 is gradually fed out from the feeding core 1c, by shifting the ink ribbon by means of the pair of conveying rollers 6 in a direction shown by an arrow B, and by shifting the recording head 7 while pressing the ink ribbon 2 against the recording paper 9.
Further, within the carriage 3, a winding motor 3a, and a take-up shaft 3c connected to the winding motor through a friction clutch 3b are arranged in place in such a manner that, only when the recording is effected, i.e., only when the carriage 3 is shifted in the direction A, the take-up shaft 3c is rotated in a direction shown by an arrow I in synchronous with the movement of the carriage 3. The friction clutch 3b is so selected that, when a torque of a predetermined value or more is applied to the clutch, it does not transmit a rotational force of the motor 3a to the take-up shaft 3c. When the cassette 1 is mounted on the carriage 3, the take-up core 1d is fitted onto the take-up shaft 3c, whereby the ink ribbon 2 is wound around the take-up core 1d by the same amount as that fed out from the feeding core 1c, by driving the motor 3a.
Further, the carriage 3 is provided at its front surface with an aperture 3d in a position corresponding to the aforementioned aperture of the lower case 1a of the cassette 1, and the recording head 7 is positioned in front of the aperture 3d for rocking movement in the directions shown by an arrow C.
The recording head 7 is constituted as a thermal head having a plurality of heating elements 7a arranged in a row and selectively energized in response to an image signal. When the recording operation is effected, the recording head 7 is lowered and at the same time is pressed, with the interposition of the ink ribbon, against the recording paper 9 supported by the platen roller 8, at a predetermined pressing force by means of the pressing means 10.
Next, the construction of the pressing means 10 will be fully explained. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a bent arm 10a is rotatably supported by a shaft 10b at its bent portion. The bent arm 10a has one end 10a.sub.1 supporting the recording head 7 thereon, and the other end 10a.sub.2 connected to one end of a tension spring 19d, the other end of which is connected to a pressure variable arm 10c.
The pressure variable arm 10c has one end rotatably mounted on the shaft 10b, and the other end abutted against an outer periphery of an eccentric cam 10e by means of a tension spring 10f.
Accordingly, when the cam 10e is rotated, the spring 10d is pulled, thus changing the pressing force of the recording head 7 against the ink ribbon 2 in response to the pulling force of the spring. In the illustrated embodiment, it is so constructed that the pressing force of the recording head can be changed at plural stages by rotating the eccentric cam 10e steppingly.
Further, the ink ribbon 2 is so tensioned that the tension on the ink ribbon at the downstream side from the recording head 7, i.e., at the take-up side with respect to the recording head (referred to as "front tension" hereinafter) can be changed by the tensioning means 11. The tensioning means 11 comprises a tension arm 11a rotatably supported by a shaft 11b and having one end provided with a ribbon guide roller 11c rotatably supported thereon and the other end connected to a tension spring 11d. The ink ribbon 2 is guided by a guide roller 12 rotatably mounted on the lower case 1a and the guide roller 11c on the tension arm 11a, and passes through between the paired rollers 6 and then reaches the take-up core 1d.
Accordingly, the ink ribbon 2 is pulled in an upward direction (FIG. 2) by the force of the tension spring 11d, thereby applying the tension to the ink ribbon.
Further, a magnet 11e is fixed to the tension arm 11a, which magnet 11e cooperates with a hall element 11f fixed to the lower case 1a in confronting relation to the magnet. With this arrangement, a distance between the magnet 11e and the hall element 11f, and, accordingly the inclination of the tension arm 11a can be detected.
Next, an operation for changing or altering the front tension in the above mechanism will be explained. For example, when it is desired to increase the front tension, the rotational speed of the paired rollers 6 is increased temporarily, whereby the amount of ribbon conveyed by the pair of rollers 6 is greater than the amount of ribbon fed from the feeding core 1c caused by the movement of the carriage 3 and the like. As a result, the tension arm 11a is rotated in a clockwise direction shown by an arrow E (FIG. 2) to increase the tension force of the spring 11d, thereby increasing the tension acting on the ink ribbon 2. On the other hand, when it is desired to decrease the front tension, conversely to the above, the rotational speed of the paired rollers 6 is decreased temporarily. As a result, the tension arm 11a is rotated in an anti-clockwise direction shown by an arrow F (FIG. 2), thereby decreasing the tension acting on the ink ribbon 2.
Further, by detecting the inclination of the tension arm 11a by means of the hall element 11f and by controlling the rotational speed of the paired rollers 6 on the basis of the detected result to maintain or hold the tension arm 11a in a position corresponding to a predetermined set tension value, it is possible to maintain the front tension acting on the ink ribbon 2 to the set tension value.
Next, a control system for controlling the above-mentioned mechanisms will be explained. As shown in FIG. 3, the control system comprises a control unit 20 including a CPU 20a such as a microprocessor, a ROM 20b storing a control program for the CPU 20a and other various data, and a RAM 20c for storing various data temporarily and being used as a work area for the CPU 20a, an interface 21, an operation panel 22, a motor driver 26 for driving various motors (winding motor 3a, carriage motor 4d, conveying motor 23 for driving the paired rollers 6, cam motor 24 for driving the eccentric cam 10e, platen motor 25 for driving the platen roller 8), a head driver 27 for driving the recording head, and the hall element 11f.
The control unit 20 receives various informations (for example, density of image, pressing force of the recording head, the number of papers to be recorded, size of paper to be recorded) from the operation panel 22 through the interface 21, and also receives an image signal from an external or outer equipment 28. Further, the control unit 20 outputs various motor ON, OFF signals for driving the respective motors and the image signal through the interface 21, thereby driving various elements by these signals. And, the control unit further controls to change the front tension of the ink ribbon 2 in correspondence to the pressing force of the recording head 7.
In the illustrated embodiment, the pressing force of the recording head 7 can be changed at plural stages as mentioned below, and the control unit 20 has a following setting table for setting the front tension according to the various pressing force as mentioned below:
______________________________________Head Pressure (gf)           Front Tension (gf)______________________________________ 400             80 600            100 800            1201000            1401200            1601400            180______________________________________
Incidentally, in case of the above-mentioned set tension value, a tension of the ink ribbon at an upstream side with respect to the recording head 7 (referred to as "back tension" hereinafter) is selected to have a constant value of 40 gf.
Next, a heat transfer recording method using the above-mentioned heat transfer recording apparatus will be explained with reference to a flow chart shown in FIG. 4.
First of all, in order to set recording conditions such as the density of image, the pressing force of the recording head 7 (head pressure) is set in accordance with the degree of smoothness of the recording paper 9 by the operation panel 22. The pressing force of the recording head is so set that the head pressure will be high in case of low smoothness of the recording paper and will be low in case of high smoothness of the recording paper (step S1).
Next, in steps S2 to S4, in accordance with the set head pressure, the conveying motor 23 is driven by the signal from the control unit 20, thus controlling the front tension of the ink ribbon 2. More particularly, when the head pressure is set to the low value, the front tension is controlled to be small (S3), whereas, when the head pressure is set to the high value, the front tension is controlled to be great (S4).
Next, going to a step S5, where a recording start signal is inputted by a recording start switch on the operation panel 22 and the like. As a result, the sequence goes to steps S6, S7, and so on to perform the recording operation.
More particularly, in the step S6, the platen motor 25 is driven to rotate the platen roller 8, thus feeding the recording paper 9. In the next step S7, the cam motor 24 is driven to rotate the eccentric cam 10e to effect a head-down so that the recording head 7 presses against the ink ribbon 2 with the set head pressure. Then, in steps S8 to S10, the carriage motor 4d is driven to shift the carriage 3 in the direction A (FIG. 2), and the conveying motor 23 and the winding motor 3a are also driven to wind up the ink ribbon 2 fed from the feeding core 1c onto the take-up core 1d. In synchronous with this, the recording head 7 is selectively heated in response to the image signal to heat the ink on the ribbon 2 selectively and to transfer the heated ink onto the recording paper 9, thus recording the image on the latter. In this case, in order to maintain the front tension of the ink ribbon to a tension value corresponding to the set head pressure, the rotational speed of the paired rollers 6 is controlled by the signal from the hall element 11f, thereby maintaining the tension arm 11a to a predetermined position.
Next, going to a step S11, where it is judged whether the recording of one line is completed or not. If completed, the sequence goes to steps S12 to S15, where the cam motor 24 is driven to effect a head-up of the recording head 7 (S12), and at the same time, the conveying motor 23 and the winding motor 3a are stopped (S13). And, the carriage motor 4d is reversedly driven to return the carriage 3 to a home position (S14), and further, the platen motor 25 is driven to convey the recording paper 9 by one line in a direction shown by an arrow D in FIG. 1 (S15).
Next, going to a step S16, where the step judges whether the recording of one page is completed or not. If no, the sequence returns to the step S7, thus performing the recording of the next line and so on in the same manner as the processes mentioned above. On the other hand, if yes, the sequence goes to a step S17, where it is judged whether there is a next page to be recorded or not. If yes, the sequence returns to the step S6, thus repeating the recording operation similar to that mentioned above, whereas, if no, the recording operation is completed.
As mentioned above, if the smoothness of the surface of the recording paper 9 is low, the transferability of the ink to the recording paper is increased by setting the head pressure to the high value, and at the same time, the ink ribbon 2 is prevented from slipping with respect to the recording paper 9 by increasing the front tension of the ink ribbon 2. In this way, it is possible to record the image with high quality even on the smoothless recording paper.
Incidentally, in the smoothless recording paper, even if the recording is effected with the high head pressure, the erroneously recorded image can be easily corrected.
When the recording paper 9 having the high surface smoothness is used, the correction of the erroneous image will often be difficult if the image is recorded on such paper with high head pressure. However, as in the illustrated embodiment, by performing the recording for such smooth-faced recording paper with low head pressure, the erroneous image can be easily corrected, and the image having high quality can be obtained.
Next, an embodiment wherein a peeling angle of the ink ribbon 2 with respect to the recording paper 9 is changed in accordance with the change in the head pressure of the recording head 7 will be explained. Incidentally, in this embodiment, the same elements as those in the previous embodiment will be designated by the same reference numerals, and the explanation therefor may be referred to the previous embodiment.
In FIG. 5, a peeling angle changing means 13 for changing or altering the peeling angle θ of the ink ribbon 2 is provided within the carriage 3. The peeling angle changing means 13 comprises a peeling angle changing bent arm 13a rotatably mounted on a shaft 13b at its bent portion and having one end 13.sub.a1 abutted against an eccentric cam 13c. Therefore, when a cam motor (not shown) connected to the cam 13c is driven to rotate the eccentric cam 13c, the bent arm 13a is also rotated to follow the outer periphery of the cam.
Further, a guide roller 13d is rotatably supported on the other end of the bent arm 13a, which guide roller protrudes into the cassette 1 through a curved elongated slot 1e formed in the lower case 1a of the cassette 1, so that the guide roller 13d guides the ink ribbon 2 after passed the recording head 7.
Accordingly, if the bent arm 13a is rotated in an anti-clockwise direction shown by an arrow G in FIG. 5, the peeling angle θ of the ink ribbon 2 with respect to the recording paper 9 will be great or increased, whereas, if the bent arm is rotated in a clockwise direction H, the peeling angle θ will be small or decreased.
Incidentally, the end 13a.sub.1 of the peeling angle changing bent arm 13a is always biased toward the eccentric cam 13c to abut thereagainst, by means of a tension spring 13e extending between the bent arm 13a and a fixed point of the carriage 3.
Similar to the previous embodiment, the head pressure of the recording head 7 can be changed at plural stages through the operation panel. In this case, the control unit controls the rotation of the above-mentioned cam motor to change the peeling angle θ in accordance with the head pressure.
More particularly, if the head pressure is set to the high value, the bent arm 13a is controlled to be rotated in the direction H, thus decreasing the peeling angle θ. Whereas, if the head pressure is set to the low value, the bent arm 13a is controlled to be rotated in the direction G, thus increasing the peeling angle θ.
In this embodiment, the control unit includes a setting table for setting the front tension and the peeling angle in accordance with the head pressure as shown below:
______________________________________Head Pressure        Front Tension                    Peeling Angle(gf)         (gf)        θ______________________________________ 400          80         45 600         100         42 800         120         381000         140         361200         160         341400         180         33______________________________________ (Back Tension = 40 gf = Constant)
Accordingly, in the recording operation, when the recording paper 9 having the low surface smoothness is used, if the head pressure is set to the high value, the front tension of the ink ribbon 2 will be increased, and the peeling angle θ will be decreased. As mentioned above, when the head pressure is set to the low value and the peeling angle θ is set to be small, it is possible to obtain the recorded image having high quality even for the recording paper 9 having the low surface smoothness.
When the peeling angle θ is set to be small, it is desirable to set such peeling angle in a range that there is no delay in separation of the ink ribbon 2 from the recording paper 9.
Further, regarding the recording paper 9 having the high surface smoothness, if the head pressure is set to the low value, the front tension of the ink ribbon 2 will be decreased and the peeling angle θ will be increased. With respect to the recording paper 9 having the high surface smoothness, even if the head pressure is set to the low value, the quality of the recorded image is not worsened, but, on the contrary, the transferred image can be easily corrected. Further, by increasing the peeling angle θ, the delay in separation of the ink ribbon 2 from the recording paper 9 can be effectively eliminated, thus preventing the reduction of the image quality.
In the illustrated embodiment, while the tension of the ink ribbon 2 was controlled by controlling the front tension thereof, the tension of the ink ribbon may be controlled by controlling the back tension thereof.
That is to say, regarding the tension of the ink ribbon 2 in accordance with the head pressure, if the back tension is greater than the front tension when the head pressure is increased, the ink ribbon 2 will not be slipped on the recording paper. Accordingly, instead of the fact that the front tension is changed as in the case of the previous embodiment, by so controlling that the back tension is decreased when the head pressure is set to the high value and by so controlling that the back tension is increased when the head pressure is set to the low value, the same effect can be obtained.
Incidentally, in order to change the back tension, the tensioning means 11 and the pair of rollers 6 shown in the first or previous embodiment may be arranged at the upstream side of the ink ribbon 2 with respect to the recording head 7.
Further, in this second embodiment, while both of the front tension and the peeling angle were changed in accordance with the change in the head pressure, only the peeling angle, or only the front tension or the back tension may be changed in accordance with the change in the head pressure.
As mentioned above, according to this second embodiment, since the head pressure that the recording head presses against the transfer medium (ink ribbon) can be changed and at the same time, at least either of the conveying tension or the peeling angle of the transfer medium can also be changed in accordance with the change in the head pressure, it is possible to obtain the recorded image having high quality and easy correction, regardless of the degree of the surface smoothness of the recording paper.
Next, a further embodiment will be explained.
FIG. 6 shows an exploded perspective view of a heat transfer recording apparatus for carrying out a heat transfer recording method according to this embodiment, FIG. 7 shows a cross-section of the transfer medium (ink ribbon), FIG. 8A shows a recording portion in an inoperative position and FIG. 8B shows the recording portion in an operative position.
First of all, the whole construction of the apparatus will be briefly explained, for example, with reference to FIG. 6. An ink ribbon 32 constituting a transfer medium is housed in a cassette 1 which can be removably mounted on a carriage 3. The carriage 3 is reciprocably shifted along a carriage shaft 5 by means of a driving mechanism 4. When the carriage 3 is shifted in a direction shown by an arrow A, the ink ribbon 32 is fed out by means of a pair of rollers 6 which constitute ink ribbon conveying means. At the same time, a portion of the ink ribbon 32 is pressed against a recording medium (for example, a plain paper, a plastic sheet and the like) (referred to as "recording paper" hereinafter) 9 by means of a recording head 7 and is heated by the recording head, thus transferring ink on the ink ribbon onto the recording paper 9 to record an image thereon. Incidentally, the recording paper 9 is supported, at its back surface, by a platen roller 38.
Next, the construction of each of the constructural elements will be fully explained. Incidentally, in this embodiment, the same elements as those in the first embodiment will be designated by the same reference numerals, and the explanation therefor may be referred to the first embodiment.
The ink ribbon 32 comprises a base film and a heat transferable (for example, heat fusible, thermoplastic, or heat sublimable) ink layer. Preferably, the ink includes resin, and more preferably includes ionomer resin. Incidentally, the ionomer resin comprises a main chain of hydrocarbon, and side chains of carboxyl group partially or wholly neutralized by metallic ion or fourth grade ammonium ion. In this embodiment, among such ionomer resins, an ionomer resin obtained by neutralizing copolymer comprising α-olefin such as ethylene, propylene and the like and α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid with metallic ion is used. The content of the ionomer resin in the heat transferable ink is preferably 5-70%.
The ink ribbon 32 used in this embodiment has a width W of 8 mm, and comprises, as shown in FIG. 7, the base film 32a, an intermediate layer 32b laminated to the base film, a first transfer layer 32c laminated to the intermediate layer, and a second transfer layer 32d laminated to the first transfer layer, which layers constitute the heat transferable ink layer. More particularly, the ink ribbon 32 has the construction described in the Japanese Patent Application No. 62-146380 (filed on June 12, 1987); a polyester film having a thickness of 6 μm is used as the base film 32a, and the intermediate layer 32b, first transfer layer 32c and second transfer layer 32d are constituted by the following components, respectively:
______________________________________Intermediate Layer (thickness = 1.0 μm)Polyethylene oxide       80 parts(number-average molecular weight2000, oxidation 16, softening point104Surface-active agent     15 partsAmine                     5 partsIon-exchanged water      405 partsFirst Transfer Layer (thickness = 2.2 μm)Ethylene-vinyl acetate resin dispersion                    35 parts(M 16, ethylene content 80%)Vinyl acetate-ethylene resin dispersion                    30 parts(ethylene content 20%)Ethylene-methacrylate copolymer ionomer                    20 partsdispersion (ethylene content 90%,content ion: Na.sup.+)Carbon black dispersion  25 parts(carbon black/dispersant = 20/3)Second Transfer Layer (thickness = 1.2 μm)Ethylene-vinyl acetate resin dispersion                    40 parts(M 16, ethylene content 80%)Ethyl methacrylate, styrene reforming                    30 partsethylene-methacrylate copolymer ionomerdispersion (ethylene content inethylene-methacrylate copolymer90%, content ion: Na.sup.+, styrene reformingrate 50%, ethylene methacrylate reformingrate 50%)Vinyl acetate-ethylene resin dispersion                    30 parts(ethylene content 20%)______________________________________
When the carriage 3 is shifted in the direction shown by an arrow A in FIG. 8B, the ink ribbon 32 is gradually fed out from a feeding reel 1c, by shifting the ink ribbon by means of the pair of conveying rollers 6 in a direction shown by an arrow B, and by shifting the recording head 37 while pressing the ink ribbon 32 and the recording paper 9 against a platen 38.
Further, within the carriage 3, a winding motor 3a, and a take-up shaft 3c connected to the winding motor through a friction clutch 3b are arranged in place in such a manner that, only when the recording is effected (i.e., only when the carriage 3 is shifted in the direction A), the take-up shaft 3c is rotated in a direction shown by an arrow C in synchronous with the movement of the carriage 3. The friction clutch 3b is so selected that, when a torque of a predetermined value or more is applied to the clutch, it does not transmit a rotational force of the motor 3a to the take-up shaft 3c. When the cassette 1 is mounted on the carriage 3, a take-up reel 1d of a cassette 1 is fitted onto the take-up shaft 3c, whereby the ink ribbon 32 is wound around the take-up reel 1d by the same amount as that fed out from the feeding reel 1c, by driving the motor 3a.
Further, the carriage 3 is provided at its front surface with an aperture 3d in a position corresponding to an aperture (not shown) of a lower case 1a of the cassette 1, and the recording head 37 is positioned in front of the aperture 3d for rocking movement in the directions shown by an arrow D.
The recording head 37 comprises a glazing layer (not shown) formed on a base plate 37a, and a plurality of heating elements 37b arranged in a row on the glazing layer and selectively energized in response to an image signal. The row of the heating elements 37b are arranged in the vicinity of a side edge of the base plate 37a at downstream side of the moving ink ribbon with respect to the recording head (accordingly, the recording head is a so-called "edge head"). With this construction, the ink ribbon 32 heated by the heating elements 37b can be peeled from the recording paper 9 for a short time in the order of a few micro seconds after heated, thus improving the separation of the ink.
It is preferable that a distance Δx between the end of the outermost heating element 37b and the edge of the base plate 37a is set to have a value of 250 μm or less, and more preferably 150 μm or less.
In this embodiment, regarding the recording head 37, the glazing layer having a thickness of 44 μm was used, the row of heating elements had dot density of 240 dot/inch and a length of 4.65 mm, and the distance Δx from the edge of the base plate to the heating element row was 122 μm. Further, a length that the recording head 37 presses against the platen 38 was 6 mm.
When the recording operation is effected, the recording head 37 is lowered (head-down) and is pressed against the ink ribbon 32 and recording paper 9 by means of pressing means 40 to press the platen 38 with a set pressure.
The platen 38 against which the recording head 37 presses comprises a flat plate which is constituted by hard rubber having hardness of 73 degrees in this embodiment. The platen hard rubber is backed up by a platen holder 38a.
As shown in FIGS. 6 to 8, the pressing means 40 comprises a bent head arm 40a rotatably supported by a shaft 40b at its bent portion. The head arm 40a has one end 40a.sub.1 supporting the recording head 37 thereon, and the other end 40a.sub.2 connected to one end of a tension spring 40d, the other end of which is connected to a pressing arm 40c.
The pressing arm 40c has one end rotatably mounted on the shaft 40b, and the other end abutted against an outer periphery of a polygonal cam 40e by means of a tension spring 40f.
Accordingly, when the cam 40e is rotated, the head-down or head-up of the recording head 37 is effected, and if the head-down is effected, the spring 40d is pulled, whereby the recording head 37 presses against the platen 38 with a predetermined pressure. In this case, it is preferable to set the head pressure to have a value in a range between 800 gf/cm and 3500 gf/cm, and more preferably, in a range between 1100 gf/cm and 2500 gf/cm, and most preferably, in a range between 1600 gf/cm and 2500 gf/cm.
Further, the ink ribbon 32 is so tensioned that the tension Tf on the ink ribbon at the downstream side from the recording head 37, i.e., at the take-up side with respect to the recording head (referred to as "forward tension" hereinafter) can be changed by the tensioning means 11. The tensioning means 11 comprises a tension arm 11a rotatably supported by a shaft 11b and having one end provided with a rotatable roller 11c rotatably supported thereon and the other end connected to a tension spring 11d. The ink ribbon 32 is guided rollers 12a-12d rotatably mounted on the lower case 1a and the rotatable roller 11c on the tension arm 11a, and passes through between the paired rollers 6 and then reaches the take-up reel 1d.
Accordingly, the ink ribbon 32 is pulled in an upward direction (FIGS. 8A and 8B) by the force of the tension spring 11d, thereby applying the forward tension Tf to the ink ribbon.
Further, a magnet 11e is fixed to the tension arm 11a, which magnet 11e cooperates with a hall element 11f fixed to the lower case 1a in confronting relation to the magnet. With this arrangement, a distance between the magnet 11e and the hall element 11f, and, accordingly the inclination of the tension arm 11a can be detected, whereby during the recording operation the position of the tension arm 11a is maintained to constant by controlling the rotational speed of the paired rollers 6 to apply the constant forward tension Tf to the ink ribbon 32, thus preventing a delay in separation of the ink ribbon 32 from the recording paper 9.
While a value of the forward tension Tf can be set freely in accordance with a force of the spring 11d, in this embodiment, the forward tension Tf is set to have a value in the order of 35 gf-300 gf. More particularly, when a peeling angle of the ink ribbon 32 with respect to the recording paper 9 is α (degree), a width of the ink ribbon 32 is W (cm), a maximum recording width is Y (cm), the forward tension Tf is set to have a value in the following range:
(20Y)/(1-cos α)&lt;Tf&lt;350W
Further, while the peeling angle α can be changed freely by changing the position of the guide roller 12b, in this embodiment, the peeling angle α is set to have a value in the following range:
Next, a heat transfer recording method using the above-mentioned heat transfer recording apparatus will be explained.
The recording head 37 is lowered (head-down) and then is pressed against the platen 38 with the interposition of the ink ribbon 32 and recording paper 9 with a head pressure of 800 gf/cm-3500 gf/cm, and the carriage 3 is shifted in the direction A (FIG. 8B) and the ink ribbon 32 is fed out gradually in the direction B, thus performing the recording operation. In this case, the heat transferable ink is fused by the heat of the heating elements 37b heated in accordance with the image signal and is transferred to and adhered to the recording paper 9. Although this fusible ink has high viscosity because it includes the resin as the main component, since the head pressure is high such as 800 gf/cm -3500 gf/cm, fibers in the recording paper 9 are elastically deformed and the high viscous fusible ink becomes familiar with the deformed fibers, whereby the ink can adhere to the recording paper at a wider contacting area.
Accordingly, when the ink sheet 32 is peeled from the recording paper 9 by tearing the non-fused ink from the fused ink, the extension of the fused ink (such as extension of millet jelly) is minimized.
Further, since the peeling angle of the ink ribbon 32 with respect to the recording paper 9 is small such as 40 can be teared from the fused ink moderately to keep the degree of the extension of the fused ink constant, thereby improving the edge sharpness of the recorded image.
In general, if the peeling angle θ is too small, since the non-fused ink cannot be separated from the fused ink surely at the edge portion of the latter, the position of the separation will not be constant. Particularly, in case of the ink including the resin as the main component, if the position of the separation is delayed, since coagulation force of the fused ink is restored, even the ink adhered to the recording paper would be separated from the recording paper together with the non-fused ink, thus creating the break at edge of the recorded image.
Therefore, in order to prevent the creation of the break at edge of the recorded image, it is not sufficient only to apply the forward tension to the ink ribbon in the extent that the ink ribbon 32 can be separated rom the recording paper 9, but it is necessary to stabilize the position or condition of the separation. In this respect, according to the present embodiment, since the forward tension Tf is greater than 20Y/(1-cos α), the non-fused ink can be separated from the fused ink before the coagulation force of the fused ink is restored, thus preventing the break from occurring at the edge of the recorded image.
However, if the forward tension Tf is too great, not only the ink ribbon 32 itself would be teared, but also the image would readily be deteriorated. The cause of such degradation deterioration of the image is considered that the ink ribbon 32 slips with respect to the recording paper 9 when the forward tension Tf is increased too much. That is to say, while it is necessary to adjust a tension Tb at an upstream side of the ink ribbon 32 with respect to the recording head 7 (referred to as "back tension" hereinafter) at an optimum value with respect to the forward tension, when the forward tension Tf is increased, if the back tension Tb is also increased correspondingly, the value of the tensions Tf, Tb will be remarkably larger than the friction force between the surface of the ink ribbon 32 and the surface of the recording paper 9, thus unstabilizing the relative movement between the ink ribbon and the recording paper. Further, in the recording potion, there are a static friction force between the ink surface of the ink ribbon 32 and the recording paper 9, and a dynamic friction force between the base film 32a of the ink ribbon 32 and the recording head 7; however, it is very difficult to completely control such friction forces, because they change in accordance with the surrounding temperature and/or moisture, the kind of the recording paper, and/or the recording pattern.
In this respect, according to this embodiment, since the forward tension Tf is set to have the value smaller than 350W, the inconvenience such as the tearing of the ink ribbon and the deterioration of the image can be eliminated.
Next, the test data obtained from the test recording operations performed by using the aforementioned heat transfer recording apparatus and by changing the forward tension Tf and the peeling angle α of the ink ribbon 32 will be shown.
(1) As to the minimum forward tension
A bond paper (Beck smoothness 2.5 sec.) and a heat transferable paper (Beck smoothness 80 sec.) were used as the recording paper 9, and the recording was effected with the head pressure of 1167 g/cm (700 gf).
FIG. 9 shows a value of the minimum forward tension Tf necessary to prevent the occurrence of the break at the edge of the image. In this case, a longitudinal line having a length of 4.65 mm and a width of 210 μm was used as the recording pattern. It was found that the break at the image edge was most apt to be occurred, when the image (longitudinal line) having such maximum permissible width W was recorded.
In comparison with the bond paper and the heat transferable paper, the break at the image edge was readily occurred in case of the heat transferable paper than in case of the bond paper, but the values of the necessary forward tension Tf were substantially the same in both cases.
In the area or range of the forward tension above a solid line shown in FIG. 9, there was no occurrence of the break at the image, but in the range below the solid line it was ascertained that the break was occurred at the image.
Further, when the length of the longitudinal line as the recording pattern was about a half of the above value, i.e., 2.33 mm, in comparison with in case of the maximum permissible width W, the minimum forward tension Tf necessary to prevent the occurrence of the break at the image became about a half. Further, when the length of the above longitudinal line corresponded to the maximum permissible width W, i.e., 4.65 mm, the value of the forward tension necessary to cause the separation seemingly at the edge of the recording head 37 was about 70% of the value shown by the solid line in FIG. 9.
As apparent from the graph of FIG. 9, with respect to the relation between the maximum permissible width Y (0.465 cm) and the peeling angle α, the solid line substantially coincides with a chain-dot line (Tf=20Y/(1-cos α). Incidentally, when the forward tension Tf exceeds 300 gf, since the ink ribbon 32 was often teared, it was difficult to measure the forward tension.
(2) As to the peeling angle
FIG. 10 is a graph showing subjective appreciation regarding the sharpness S of the edge of the image obtained from the recording result performed by changing the peeling angle α while maintaining the forward tension Tf and back tension Tb constant.
In this test, the recording was effected, with the forward tension Tf of 280 gf, by changing the back tension Tb within the range below 200 gf. It was found that the optimum image was obtained when the back tension Tb was 150 gf (forward tension =280 gf).
When the above-mentioned bond paper was used as the recording paper 9, as shown in the graph, it was found that the sharpness S of the image edge was suddenly worsened when the peeling angle α exceeded 40
Incidentally, when the above-mentioned heat transferable paper was used as the recording paper 9, it was found that the sharpness S of the image edge was not substantially different at any peeling angle α, except that when the peeling angle α exceeded 50 slightly worsened.
(3) As to the maximum forward tension
FIG. 11 is a graph showing subjective appreciation regarding the image quality obtained from the recording result performed with respect to the above-mentioned bond paper and heat transferable paper, by changing the forward tension Tf while maintaining the peeling angle αconstant (=30
Incidentally, the back tension Tb was set to a value that when the forward tension was changed the optimum image was obtained for the changed forward tension.
First of all, when the ink ribbon having a width of 8 mm was used, it was found that the narrower lines in the image were blotted when the forward tension exceeded 300 gf, thus worsening the image quality and increasing the dispersion of the image quality. Further, when the forward tension exceeded 300 gf, it was ascertained that the ink ribbon 32 was often teared.
Next, when the ink ribbon having a width of 6.35 mm was used, it was found that the image was deteriorated and the ink ribbon 32 was often teared, when the forward tension exceeded 250 gf.
From the result mentioned above, it was found that it was preferable that the forward tension Tf was set to have the value of 350W or less regarding the width W (cm) of the ink ribbon.
(4)Total appreciation
Arranging the results of the above tests (1)-(3), FIG. 12 is obtained.
In FIG. 12, the hatched area shows an area which can obtain good image quality. From this, it will be found that the good image quality can be obtained when the peeling angle α and the forward tension Tf are set to values as mentioned above.
If the forward tension Tf is set to have a value in a range narrower than the above range, for example, (30Y)/(1-cos α)<Tf<300W, latitude be allowed with respect to the vibration of the apparatus and the like, thus providing the image of high quality.
As mentioned above, according to this embodiment, by performing the recording operation with the condition that the peeling angle and the forward tension are set in a predetermined range, respectively, it is possible to obtain the good transferred image even as to the smoothless recording paper.
Incidentally, in the aforementioned example, while the recording with the head pressure of 1167 gf/cm (700 gf) was explained, it was found that if the head pressure was set to a higher value, for example, 1600 gf/cm, the similar effect could be obtained.
Further, conversely, if the head pressure was set to a lower value, for example, about 583 gf/cm (350 gf), while the image quality was slightly worsened as a whole, as shown by the hatched area in FIG. 12, the good image could be obtained in comparison with the other areas.
In addition, when the head pressure was set to a value of 800 gf or more, the good image could be obtained in the hatched area of FIG. 12.
Furthermore, while it is preferable to use the ink including the resin as the main component for the heat transferable ink, the resin component of the ink is not limited to the above-mentioned ones, but other resin such as acrylic resin, low-molecular weight polyester resin, urethane resin, styrene-acrylic resin, polyamide resin and the like can be used.
Incidentally, in the above-mentioned embodiment, while an example of the recording head having a plurality of heating elements was explained, the present invention is not limited to this example, but, a supply heating head which can be electrically connected to electrodes embedded in the ribbon may be used as the recording head. As a heating method, a laser heating method, supply heating method and the like may be used.
As mentioned above, according to this embodiment, since the recording is effected with the condition that the peeling angle of the ink ribbon with respect to the recording paper and the forward tension are set values in the predetermined ranges, it is possible to obtain the recorded image having the good sharpness of the edge thereof even as to the smoothless recording paper, as well as the smooth-faced recording paper.
As mentioned above, the heat transfer recording method and apparatus according to the present invention can provide a recorded image of high quality.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a heat transfer recording apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a view, partially broken, of a main portion of the apparatus of FIG. 1;
FIGS. 4A and 4B are flow charts for executing a recording operation;
FIG. 5 is a view, partially broken of a main portion of a heat transfer recording apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view of a heat transfer recording apparatus according to a further embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a sectional view of an ink ribbon showing the construction thereof;
FIGS. 8A and 8B are view, partially broken, of recording portions of the apparatus;
FIG. 9 is a graph showing a relation between a peeling angle and a minimum forward tension;
FIG. 10 is a graph showing a relation between a peeling angle and the degree of sharpness of an image edge;
FIG. 11 is a graph showing a relation between the forward tension and image quality; and
FIG. 12 a graph showing total valuation appraisal of a transferred image.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS4617577 *Sep 15, 1983Oct 14, 1986Ricoh Company, Ltd.Thermal-image-transfer recording apparatusUS4641151 *Dec 26, 1985Feb 3, 1987Victor Company Of Japan, LimitedThermal transfer recording apparatusUS4750007 *Aug 1, 1986Jun 7, 1988Canon Kabushiki KaishaInk sheet cassette and image recording apparatus using the same* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS5451984 *Feb 11, 1993Sep 19, 1995Canon Kabushiki KaishaThermal transfer recording method and thermal transfer recording device by use of said methodUS5846003 *May 5, 1997Dec 8, 1998Fujitsu Takamisawa Component LimitedThermal printer having an elastic print head supportUS6493018Apr 8, 1999Dec 10, 2002Gerber Scientific Products, Inc.Wide format thermal printerUS6648527 *Apr 30, 2001Nov 18, 2003Heiwa Tokei Manufacturing Co., Ltd.Mechanism for adjusting tension of an inked ribbon of a printerUS6749981 *Mar 22, 2002Jun 15, 2004Konica CorporationInk sheet, recording medium and recording method for laser thermal transfer recordingUS7085014 *Jun 6, 2001Aug 1, 2006International Business Machines CorporationMethod, apparatus and article of manufacture using media roughness as a print parameterUS7791627 *Apr 21, 2006Sep 7, 2010Citizen Holdings Co., Ltd.PrinterUS20120103081 *Oct 31, 2011May 3, 2012Yoshinori HoshinoDevice for peel testDE19514598A1 *Apr 20, 1995Oct 24, 1996Esselte Meto Int GmbhDruckerEP1345775A2 *Nov 30, 2001Sep 24, 2003Impress SystemsOptical security device printing system* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification347/198, 400/234, 400/618, 347/219, 400/120.17International ClassificationB41J2/325Cooperative ClassificationB41J2/325European ClassificationB41J2/325Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionMay 20, 2003FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 12Apr 28, 1999FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Apr 21, 1995FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Oct 12, 1993CCCertificate of correctionRotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google


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Building Security Awareness in .NET Assemblies : Part 3 - Learn to break Strong Name .NET Assemblies - CodeProject 11,192,563 members (54,446 online)
Also please do keep on writing them like tihs. It is much better to read up on your opinions as they are changing. Too often understanding doesn't come because we do not understand the history behind it. Last Visit: 31-Dec-99 19:00 Last Update: 1-Feb-15 0:43Refresh123 Next »
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Select item 182509991.[Nephron-sparing surgery].Becker F, Siemer S, Rotering J, Suttmann H, Stöckle M.Urologe A. 2008 Feb;47(2):215-22; quiz 223. doi: 10.1007/s00120-008-1651-3. Review. German. PMID: 18250999 Similar articles Select item 114358132.Nephron sparing surgery for renal tumors: indications, techniques and outcomes.Uzzo RG, Novick AC.J Urol. 2001 Jul;166(1):6-18. Review.PMID: 11435813 Similar articles Select item 200949603.Imperative and elective indications for nephron-sparing surgery for renal tumors: long-term oncological follow-up.Roos FC, Pahernik S, Brenner W, Thüroff JW.Aktuelle Urol. 2010 Jan;41 Suppl 1:S70-6. doi: 10.1055/s-0029-1224649.PMID: 20094960 Similar articles Select item 152855644.Nephron-sparing surgery--strategies for partial nephrectomy in renal cell carcinoma.Ljungberg B.Scand J Surg. 2004;93(2):126-31. Review.PMID: 15285564 Similar articles Select item 173660965.Nephron-sparing surgery for renal cell carcinoma in the solitary kidney.Berdjis N, Hakenberg OW, Novotny V, Manseck A, Oehlschläger S, Wirth MP.Scand J Urol Nephrol. 2007;41(1):10-3.PMID: 17366096 Similar articles Select item 197586556.Minimally invasive nephron sparing management for renal tumors in solitary kidneys.Turna B, Kaouk JH, Frota R, Stein RJ, Kamoi K, Gill IS, Novick AC.J Urol. 2009 Nov;182(5):2150-7. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2009.07.066.PMID: 19758655 Similar articles Select item 179974237.Elective nephron sparing surgery for renal cell carcinoma larger than 4 cm.Pahernik S, Roos F, Röhrig B, Wiesner C, Thüroff JW.J Urol. 2008 Jan;179(1):71-4; discussion 74.PMID: 17997423 Similar articles Select item 125379348.Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy and minimally invasive nephron-sparing surgery.Phelan MW, Perry KT, Gore J, Schulam PG.Curr Urol Rep. 2003 Feb;4(1):13-20. Review.PMID: 12537934 Similar articles Select item 177074289.Renal function outcomes in patients treated with nephron sparing surgery for bilateral Wilms tumor.Giel DW, Williams MA, Jones DP, Davidoff AM, Dome JS.J Urol. 2007 Oct;178(4 Pt 2):1786-9; discussion 1789-90.PMID: 17707428 Similar articles Select item 1240242110.[Recent advances in nephron-sparing surgery for renal cell carcinoma].Igarashi T, Tobe T, Ito H.Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 2002 Oct;29(10):1726-31. Review. Japanese. PMID: 12402421 Similar articles Select item 2358840611.Partial nephrectomy--contemporary indications, techniques and outcomes.Leslie S, Goh AC, Gill IS.Nat Rev Urol. 2013 May;10(5):275-83. doi: 10.1038/nrurol.2013.69. Review.PMID: 23588406 Similar articles Select item 1269647612.[The role of nephron sparing surgery for renal cancer].Meyer G, Mullerad M, Nativ O.Harefuah. 2003 Mar;142(3):208-11, 237. Review. Hebrew. PMID: 12696476 Similar articles Select item 1867026813.Minimally invasive nephron-sparing surgery.Berger A, Crouzet S, Canes D, Haber GP, Gill IS.Curr Opin Urol. 2008 Sep;18(5):462-6. doi: 10.1097/MOU.0b013e32830a4f10. Review.PMID: 18670268 Similar articles Select item 1853380114.Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma: a minimally invasive means to nephron preservation.Blitstein J, Ghavamian R.Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2008 Jun;8(6):921-7. doi: 10.1586/14737140.8.6.921. Review.PMID: 18533801 Similar articles Select item 1901292915.Long-term outcomes after nephron sparing surgery for renal cell carcinoma larger than 4 cm.Peycelon M, Hupertan V, Comperat E, Renard-Penna R, Vaessen C, Conort P, Bitker MO, Chartier-Kastler E, Richard F, Rouprêt M.J Urol. 2009 Jan;181(1):35-41. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2008.09.025.PMID: 19012929 Similar articles Select item 1648066616.Open partial nephrectomy for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma.Shuch B, Lam JS, Belldegrun AS.Curr Urol Rep. 2006 Jan;7(1):31-8. Review.PMID: 16480666 Similar articles Select item 1849666517.[Imperative nephron-sparing surgery for cases of solitary kidney/bilateral tumors: long-term results].Roos FC, Pahernik S, Elsässer A, Victor A, Brenner W, Thüroff JW.Urologe A. 2008 Jul;47(7):818-23. doi: 10.1007/s00120-008-1712-7. Review. German. PMID: 18496665 Similar articles Select item 1916801118.[Nephron sparing surgery for renal tumors on a solitary kidney: oncological outcomes and long-term functional evolution].Pignot G, Galiano M, Hajage D, Rouprêt M, Pasqui F, Chartier-Kastler E, Bitker MO, Richard F.Prog Urol. 2009 Feb;19(2):94-100. doi: 10.1016/j.purol.2008.10.007. French. PMID: 19168011 Similar articles Select item 1295375519.Minimally invasive nephron-sparing surgery.Gill IS.Urol Clin North Am. 2003 Aug;30(3):551-79. Review.PMID: 12953755 Similar articles Select item 1822195720.Analysis of repeat nephron sparing surgery as a treatment option in patients with a solid mass in a renal remnant.Magera JS Jr, Frank I, Lohse CM, Leibovich BC, Cheville JC, Blute ML.J Urol. 2008 Mar;179(3):853-6. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2007.10.049.PMID: 18221957 Similar articles Per page: 20Items per page5102050100200

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Longue Vue by Julien Bidet-Emeriau 368 views
Energy Muse Coin Bracelets: The Adv... by guardiannecklace 290 views
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Presented on the 5th meeting of the multilateral school partnership Our TRESAURES in Spain (Feb, 2012)
LOCAL TREASURES THROUGH OUR STUDENTS' EYES, The Art of Graffiti – It is well known that Zagreb is a very old Central European city. But the city with a tradition of almost one thousand years is also known as a city of art. However, besides numerous museums and galleries, there are literally countless examples of an indeed magnificent work of graffiti in our town. And even though graffiti tend to be misunderstood and treated as a sort of vandalism, we would not completely agree. It is true though that the development of graffiti art took place in art galleries and colleges as well as "on the street" or "underground" through movements that classify artists by their relationship to their social and economic contexts, which is why, in most countries, graffiti art still remains illegal. Nevertheless, in our city, Zagreb, graffiti artists can be found with various materials and techniques and many examples of modern graffiti can be noticed on railway trains and subways thus making Zagreb world famous for its understanding of New York City Subway graffiti as the main source of modern graffiti.
1. Theme 6 LOCAL TREASURESTHROUGH OUR EYES The Art of Graffiti Private Economics High School INOVA
2. Treasure Private Economics High School INOVA
3. Zagreb Private Economics High School INOVA
4. The... Private Economics High School INOVA
5. ...Art... Private Economics High School INOVA
6. ...of... Private Economics High School INOVA
7. ...Graffiti Private Economics High School INOVA
8. Methods… Private Economics High School INOVA
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10. ...Production… Private Economics High School INOVA
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Energy Muse Coin Bracelets: The Advisable Healing Necklace from Energy Muse
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Children with rare genetic disorder have constant seizures | Daily Mail Online
'The biggest struggle is not knowing what they are going through': Mother's heartache at watching her daughters suffer through hundreds of seizures a DAY due to extremely rare condition
A mother has revealed what it is like watching her daughters live with SynGAP
The genetic condition means the girls have hundreds of seizures every day
Danielle Williams from Melbourne has two daughters, Jaeli and Dali with it
There are only 150 people in the world diagnosed with the rare genetic disorder
Published: 01:41 EST, 1 April 2017 | Updated: 01:41 EST, 1 April 2017
A mother has revealed how devastating it can be watching her two young daughters flinch through hundreds of seizures a day without knowing if it is causing them pain – or how to stop it.
Melbourne mother Danielle Williams, 40, and her husband Danny, 43, have two daughters – they both have a rare genetic condition called SynGAP – which affects just 150 people in the world.
The two girls, Jaeli, seven, and Dali, five, are non-verbal, intellectually disabled, have 'some autistic qualities' and suffer through hundreds of seizures every day.
Danielle Williams, 40, and her husband Danny, 43, have two daughters who suffer from hundreds of seizures a day
The two girls, Jaeli, seven, and Dali have two daughters – they both have a rare genetic condition called SynGAP
Mrs Williams spoke with Daily mail Australia about her young daughters who she described as loving and cuddly children – but admits life at home is hard
Mrs Williams spoke to Daily Mail Australia about her young daughters who she described as loving and cuddly children – but admits life at home is hard.
'I think the biggest struggle for me is not knowing what they are going through and when they are in pain,' she said.
But there are many other complications as well – including her daughters' compulsions to 'pick up and eat things from the ground' - known as Pica - and the lack of sleep in the family home.
'Jaeli only sleeps four hours at the most when we put her to bed at night.
'Then when she wakes up she will be up every two hours with seizure activity.
'She will come and wake us up everytime she has one.
'With her seizures sleep deprivation is a big trigger – but then you have these seizures which keep her up all night – it is a painful cycle.'
'I think the biggest struggle for me is not knowing what they are going through and when they are in pain,' she said
Jaeli, pictured, has trouble sleeping at night because of her seizure activity
Dali, pictured, will often wake up at 4am but otherwise sleeps all the way through the night
Her younger daughter 'sleeps until four or five each morning' and 'mostly sleeps through' unlike her older sister.
The family have tried different kinds of sleep medication but they make Jaeli's seizures worse the next day.
'The seizures aren't the type of Grand Mal seizures most people think of.
'They don't drop to the floor and start shaking,' she said. 'Mostly their eyes just flutter – it interrupts what they are doing at the time – it is high-frequency brain activity.
The family have tried different kinds of sleep medication but they make Jaeli's seizures worse the next day
'They did go through a stage where they would drop or have kick backs but that doesn't happen very often now,' she said
'They did go through a stage where they would drop or have kick backs but that doesn't happen very often now,' she said.
Jaelie can now go to school without a helmet on – because her seizures are less violent with new medication.
The family only recently found out the girls had SynGAP after going through dozens of tests and false-diagnoses.
'It is so rare and was only discovered in 2009 – that people don't get tested for it.
'We were relieved to find out in the end – we didn't realise we would be but it gives us something to anchor to,' she said.
The girls have autistic qualities, need to wear nappies and have intellectual disabilities
But they are cheeky and cuddly, according to their mother, here with Jaeli
One of the girls' many symptoms include their need to eat things off the ground.
Jaeli likes things made from rubber, plastic and metal – her younger sister Dali loves picking things out of the garden.
'Dali will mostly eat rocks and earthy things – we always find what they eat in their nappies,' she said.
It is Jaeli's love for plastic and metal – especially balloons and rubber gloves that concerns the mother most.
'When she is around balloons we have to watch her really carefully,' she said. 'She will pop the balloons and then quickly eat them.
The children's parents were relieved to find out what was causing their symptoms
Only 150 people in the world live with the genetic condition - and little is known about it
The children also have Pica - a disorder which makes them need to eat certain things off the ground - like rocks or metal
'I think it is something her brain tells her she has to do – it isn't even a choice for her.
'I remember a phone call from the school one time, the school nurse was trying to build up to a catastrophic story and then she told me Jaeli had eaten a glove.
'I told her not to worry – she has eaten things way worse than that, once she ate a balloon which was still a little bit inflated – it came out a little bit inflated.'
The mother explained how the girls' younger years were hardest – and described her scariest moment with each child.
'The scariest moment with Dali (the youngest) was when I saw her eyes flutter for the first time as she had her first seizure – because I knew what she was in for,' she said.
Dali, pictured, eats rocks and has to have to core cut from her apple or she will eat that too
the young girls have up to 50 seizures an hour - and have since they were one year old
'With Jaeli I didn't notice the fluttering because I didn't know any better – and we only picked up that there was something wrong at 15 months.
'But with Dali we knew by the time she was a year old.'
The most terrifying experience she had with her eldest was actually a phase. A self-harming phase when the now seven year old was just a toddler.
'She would wake up screaming her lungs out in the middle of the night and we wouldn't be able to stop her or cam her down.
'She would be slamming her head against the wall and at one stage she even pulled half of her hair out.
'She would also bite her self – and attack us if we tried to stop her.'
Jaeli used to slam her head against the wall and self harm in the middle of the night as a toddler
The sisters watching television in their school uniforms
Dali is cheekier than her older sister who usually lets the youngster get away with ecverything
She soon grew out of what her mother has labelled the 'psychotic rabid-dog like' behaviour and her younger sister never went through it.
'It is common in children with SynGAP to do that,' she said.
The mother has reached out to families online who have children with the same genetic condition and says it is comforting knowing her family isn't alone.
The mother admitted to the Daily Mail that until recent media activity highlighting her girls' disabilities the people she worked with knew nothing.
The mother has reached out to families online who have children with the same genetic condition and says it is comforting knowing her family isn't alone
The two sisters with matching disguise glasses complete with eyebrows
'I have been with the business for five years and have had people coming up to me saying they didn't realise I was going through that at home,' Mrs Williams said
'I have been with the business for five years and have had people coming up to me saying they didn't realise I was going through that at home.
'I guess in some ways I was coming out of the closet – I had been keeping it a secret because I didn't want to be seen as the same mum I was at home when I was at work,' she said.
There is no cure for SynGAP but the mother is trying to raise awareness for the disorder as well as funds to help researchers look in to it.
'I guess in some ways I was coming out of the closet – I had been keeping it a secret because I didn't want to be seen as the same mum I was at home when I was at work,' she said
There is no cure for SynGAP but the mother is trying to raise awareness for the disorder as well as funds to help researchers look in to it
The mother describes her youngest child as wild and fun and her eldest as sweet ant caring and says they're great non-verbal communicators
'What really scares us is not knowing what lies ahead. What will their life expectancy be, how will their teenage years be, who will look after them when we are gone.'
The mother describes her youngest child as wild and fun and her eldest as sweet ant caring and says they're great non-verbal communicators.
She hopes more awareness and funding will allow scientists to unlock some of the many mysteries surrounding the condition.
She hopes more awareness and funding will allow scientists to unlock some of the many mysteries surrounding the condition
The girls playing in a wheel chair during a medical visit
The girls with their father before their diagnosis - and before Dali showed any symptoms
everydayhero: SynGAP research
Children with rare genetic disorder have constant seizures

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Refurbished GoPro HERO 5 Black Waterproof Action 4K Ultra HD Camera Touch Screen 660960100860 | eBay
C $171.150 bids
GoPro Hero5 Black AND Karma Grip!
C $110.121 bid
Details about Refurbished GoPro HERO 5 Black Waterproof Action 4K Ultra HD Camera Touch Screen
beargears (3211 )
“Refurbished condition, small/minor scratch on body (visible). With manufacture warranty (must use ”
Last updated on Sep 17, 2019 15:59:56 EDT View all revisions
“Refurbished condition, small/minor scratch on body (visible). With manufacture warranty (must use water resistant case in water)! Camera and Charging cable only, no box, no other accessories”
Excludes: Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Bhutan, Kyrgyzstan, China, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, India, Nepal, Armenia, Mongolia, Azerbaijan Republic, Georgia, Afghanistan, Vietnam, Laos, Malaysia, Western Sahara, Central African Republic, Saint Helena, Tanzania, Uganda, Djibouti, Sierra Leone, Lesotho, Ghana, Mozambique, Congo, Republic of the, Congo, Democratic Republic of the, Rwanda, Chad, Liberia, Guinea, Libya, Mayotte, Seychelles, Ethiopia, Malawi, Senegal, Comoros, Tunisia, Botswana, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon Republic, Nigeria, Mauritania, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Swaziland, Algeria, Madagascar, Cape Verde Islands, Zimbabwe, Angola, Burundi, Mauritius, Cameroon, Togo, Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast), Eritrea, Mali, Gambia, Niger, Burkina Faso, Morocco, Somalia, Zambia, Benin, Namibia, Albania, Andorra, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, San Marino, Serbia, Svalbard and Jan Mayen, Vatican City State, Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), Suriname, Guyana, Argentina, Ecuador, Chile, Peru, Venezuela, Brazil, Colombia, Panama, Virgin Islands (U.S.), Jamaica, British Virgin Islands, Trinidad and Tobago, Puerto Rico, Haiti, El Salvador, Guatemala, Netherlands Antilles, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Dominican Republic, Costa Rica, Anguilla, Honduras, Greenland, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Micronesia, Wallis and Futuna, Kiribati, Western Samoa, Vanuatu, American Samoa, Nauru, New Caledonia, Niue, Solomon Islands, Cook Islands, Tuvalu, French Polynesia, Guam, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Marshall Islands, Tonga, Palau, Turkey, Yemen, Iraq, Lebanon
Works perfectly thank you so much!!
Works well no problems thank you
Item as described. I will probably purchase another one soon.
AMAZING Product. Super Fast Shipping. Wonderful Seller. Thank You.
Arrived 1 day early.....Nice!
got here fast and works great. took it underwater, no problems. thanks.
Great!!!! A++++
LCD stopped working just after warranty period, but seller accepted return!
Did not receive what was advertised even after contacting seller
The camera only works with battery.
by mrwacky2003 Aug 13, 2019
by zac.gol Jun 18, 2019
by gruposinai03 Jun 27, 2019
by larrybolton73 Aug 29, 2019
My camera is light weight without the plastic cover. It has zoom functions. I mount it on one of my r/c planes, and it's a lot of fun. The mic picks up too much noise for what I use it for. Over all I recommend it.
by gistguy Aug 21, 2019
Refurbished equals like new. Great action camera.
Although they were merely tossed into a box with none of the original packaging, wrapping or paraphernalia of a new camera, the "refurbishment" was evident as all components looked "as new" and had protective film on several surfaces. The battery had a charge, and with the installation of a memory card, it instantly came alive and produced photos and videos as well as a new camera. This is HERO5black number 2 for me, and I'm a big fan.

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Factors that raised the rating for Uinta Realty Inc include:
1 Customer Review on Uinta Realty Inc
BBB knows of no government actions involving the marketplace conduct of Uinta Realty Inc.
BBB has nothing to report concerning Uinta Realty Inc's advertising at this time.
Business incorporated 01/01/1976 in WY

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by Pot IncorporatedVancouver, BC, CA · 80 photos	Container Gardening Magazine, 2012 Edition
Last summer the Fine folks at Fine Gardening photographed all of our container designs for the this years annual edition of Container Gardening Magazine. With the help of Josh McCullough from www.phytophoto.com we supplied nearly all of the content for the issue. It's on shelves now...
added by eileenfox101 to eileenfox101's Ideas (10 days ago)containeradded by cmr121 to cmr121's ideas (13 days ago)Erin?added by easyspirit to easyspirit's Ideas (3 weeks ago)Likeadded by riannajoy to Outdoor entry (3 weeks ago)Bright flowersadded by rsri to Back Yard (5 weeks ago)Back Yard potsadded by hwjacelon to hwjacelon's Ideas (8 weeks ago)Plantsadded by Esther Kim to esther_kim's Ideas (2 months ago)Potadded by mdaiuto to mdaiuto's ideas (2 months ago)coloursadded by caratracy to caratracy's ideas (3 months ago)Potting ideasadded by tachavic to tachavic's Favorites (7 months ago)Love the plantersadded by irose to irose's ideas (7 months ago)like green and yellow plantadded by bojanazrinski to bojanazrinski's ideas (8 months ago)cgadded by llgerken to RV garden (12 months ago)Texture, coloradded by cherylg70 to cherylg70's Favorites (12 months ago)Potsadded by dkinda to dkinda's ideas (12 months ago)great containeradded by Mid Century Mosaics to Deck (12 months ago)Container with red	browse over 1,000,000 home design photos on houzz	Photos in Container Gardening Magazine Project.	People who liked this photo also liked:
container design · green and yellow · bright flowers · Vancouver Front Yard Designers	About Houzz

value: This website is an American website, online community and software for architecture; interior design and decorating; landscape design and home improvement. It was founded in 2009 and is based in Palo Alto, California.


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Frequent 'unsafe' Questions - Stack Overflow
7,02164072
I've now spent way too ...
c# arrays unsafe value-type asked Apr 8 '11 at 2:59
c# debugging unsafe asked Jul 14 '13 at 17:19
1,9801922
7,44449133233
4,1741539
26.7k1070131
c# pointers unsafe asked Nov 8 '12 at 22:41
EDIT: You can use unsafe code... you just have to manually edit the proj file.
Why or why does C# on WP8 not support unsafe code when I can use native C++ code on the phone(I did not expect this)? I ...
c# windows-phone-8 unsafe c++-cx asked Jan 21 '13 at 4:02
c# performance image-processing image-manipulation unsafe asked Apr 11 '09 at 18:10
public unsafe static T[] Create<T>(T* ptr, int length)
c# arrays unsafe asked Jun 12 '09 at 8:44
4,40511025
1,863724
As .NET doesn't use C style nulls to end a string how can I keep the allocated string but change the length of it by using unsafe code?
As I understand .NET using a 20 bytes header for every string, ...
c# .net string unsafe asked Nov 18 '11 at 1:07
We've been using some code copied verbatim from Joe Duffy's "Concurrent Programming on Windows" (page 149) in production for over a year. The code (below) is used in our Asp.Net web ...
c# overflow stackoverflow unsafe uint asked Mar 14 '11 at 19:09
Right know in my code I have structure declared as like this, with fixed this 16, know at compile time. struct CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFOEX
c# arrays pinvoke unsafe asked Aug 28 '13 at 14:37
I came across the following code on msdn:
c# fixed unsafe asked Nov 11 '11 at 14:11
6,70222350
static int iField = 42;
static void Test(ref int arg)
fixed(void* pField = &iField)
c# unsafe asked Jul 29 '11 at 8:24
1 2 next recently active unsafe questions feed
unsafe about » Related Tags
layoutkind.explicit × 2
object writeablebitmap compiler-options more related tags

value: This website is a question and answer website for professional and enthusiast programmers. It is the flagship site of the Stack Exchange Network, created in 2008 by Jeff Atwood and Joel Spolsky.


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Real Housewives' Kelly Bensimon and boyfriend Alejandro Lorenzo go jogging in NYC | Daily Mail Online
Kelly Bensimon flexes her toned physique in clingy workout gear while jogging with boyfriend Alejandro Lorenzo By
10:23 EDT, 11 August 2014
Kelly Bensimon and her handsome beau Alejandro Lorenzo must be the fittest couple in New York City.The 46-year-old former reality star proved that point as she and Alejandro teamed up for a heart-pumping trot through the Soho neighbourhood on Sunday.Kelly's skimpy outfit consisted of black athletic shorts and tank top over another white shirt, and put on fabulous display those toned and tanned arms and legs. Couples workout: Kelly Bensimon displayed her fabulously toned arms and legs while jogging with boyfriend Alejandro Lorenzo in NY's Soho area on Sunday
The former model cast a smile now and then at Alejandro, who matched her look in long black shorts, a black Nike tank top, black baseball cap and black trainers.Kelly had no trouble keeping up with her bearded fellow, who flexed his lean and muscular biceps as they jogged down the side of the street.The pair have been dating since spring and heating up the Big Apple with their demonstrative displays of affection. Perfect match: The former Real Housewives Of NYC was clad in tight-fitting workout gear and Alejandro copied that look in black shorts and shirt
Happy: Kelly and Alejandro seemed to be enjoying each other's company immensely Run and chat: Alejandro had no trouble running and talking at the same time with this fitness enthusiast
On July 31, Kelly and Lorenzo couldn't seem to keep their hands off each other as they enjoyed dinner at Felix with friends.The pair kissed and hugged throughout the meal, and Kelly beamed a huge smile when Lorenzo graciously poured a bottled drink into her glass.Later on Sunday, Kelly was spotted taking her other love - her dog Fluffy - for a walk. Dog walk: Kelly devoted time to her other love, her little white dog Fluffy, later in the day while looking amazing in denim cut-offs and white blouse
Look into my eyes: The entrepreneur showed that she has a way with animals
Kelly had by then changed into a pair of denim cut-offs that once again showed off her lean limbs along with a white, loosely fitted blouse and sandals.Hoop earrings added a Bohemian touch to the casual ensemble and on her wrist was an elegant watch.Kelly began her career as a model in NYC, appearing in magazines such as Elle, Cosmopolitan and Harper's Bazaar, and was once the face of cosmetics company Clarins.Besides a famous stint on Real Housewives Of New York City, Kelly has written several books on subjects from fashion style to bikinis, and formerly had a regular column in Page Six.The mother-of-two - who divorced Gilles Bensimon in 2007 after a 10-year marriage - is also a fitness enthusiast who never skips a day without a strenuous workout. Easy breezy: Kelly enjoyed her relaxing Sunday afternoon while looking stylish in hoop earrings and carrying her Chanel handbag


text:
Building Security Awareness in .NET Assemblies : Part 3 - Learn to break Strong Name .NET Assemblies - CodeProject 11,924,995 members (59,190 online)
Is there any ways to avoid this up. I want to make sure that .NET assembly really secure, because first I think if I write .NET assembly it will be secured. Last Visit: 31-Dec-99 19:00 Last Update: 26-Nov-15 12:29Refresh1


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Larry Cordle America Where Have You Gone Lyrics | eBay Please enable JavaScript Our new search experience requires JavaScript to be enabled. Please enable JavaScript on your browser, then try again.
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Real Estate Marketing Associate Jobs, Employment in Little Rock, AR | Indeed.com
Real Estate Marketing Associate jobs in Little Rock, AR
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Real Estate License. (Accredited Residential Manager) from Institute of Real Estate Management. All day - to - day marketing and advertising is the Client...
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Aspen Square Management, one of the nation's largest privately held real estate investment and property management firms, is seeking a Part Time Leasing &...
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Sales/Leasing Associate - Awesome Opportunity!!
This involves marketing efforts both inside and outside of the property. We are currently seeking Sales/Leasing Associate applicants for our mobile home parks...
View all Riverstone Communities jobs in Little Rock, AR - Little Rock jobsSalary Search: Leasing Associate salaries in Little Rock, ARLearn more about working at Riverstone CommunitiesRiverstone Communities questions about work, benefits, interviews and hiring process:What is the most stressful part about working at Riverstone Communities?What tips or advice would you give to someone interviewing at Riverstone...Related forums: Little Rock, Arkansas - Riverstone Communities
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