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Caiib Sample Questions | Capital Requirement | Operational Risk
EXAMINATION: CAIIB
Question paper pattern for the December 2005 examination and onwards:
The examination will be conducted purely on objective mode/multiple choice questions basis-offline. There will be about 90 questions each in all the three papers viz. 1. Risk Management, 2. Financial Management and 3. General Bank Management The time alloted will be 120 minutes per paper All the papers will have two sections (under two broad categories of questions) as listed below: The pattern will cosists of the following two categories: 1. True or False Questions } 2. Fill in the blanks 3. Tick which is most appropriate 4. Small case lets 5. Big cases 6. Problems etc. } Category I } } } Category II }
Category I questions will be 50 questions for 50 marks and Category II type questions will be 40 questions carrying 50 marks. In case of General Bank Management paper questions have been put module wise, hence there will be four sections for each of the modules given in the courseware, but the broad category wise allocation of marks will be as above.
However all the questions will be given with multiple choices and the candidates are required to tick the most appropriate answers. Candidates can use calculators to calculate etc. in case of problems and wherever such calculations are called for. However to repeat, they are expected to tick only answer in the book specially supplied for the same. 1
There will be negative marking for wrong answers. Candidates are therefore advised not to resort to guessing while answering. If answers are not fully known, don’t attempt, to avoid getting negative marks. Such negative marks may affect the final outcome. Read the questions very carefuly and tick the most appropriate answers, as the questions are also based on the cases/problems. The candidates are expected to use their analytical, problem solving, decision making ability while answering such questions. So the answers should be most appropriate to the situation cited.
A FEW SAMPLE/MODEL QUESTIONS ARE GIVEN TO GET A FEEL OF THE QUESTION PAPER PATTERN. (SAMPLE IS INDICATIVE AND NOT EXHAUSTIVE) Before starting to attempt/answer the question paper, candidates should read the instructions very carefully, repeat very carefully. Please note that for candidates convenience, correct answer has been marked against the question.
SUBJECT-RISK MANAGEMENT
1. Net Interest income is a) Interest earned on advances b) Interest earned on investments c) Total interest earned on advances and investment d) Difference between interest earned and interest paid 2. Interest rate risk is a type of a) Credit risk b) Market risk c) Operational risk d) All the above 3. (b) (d)
European option can be exercised on any day at the option of the buyer on or before the expiry of the option. a) True B) False (b)
If the volatility per annum is 25% and the number of trading days per annum is 252, find the volatility per day. a) 1.58% b) 15.8% c) 158% d) 0.10 (a)
The June 1999 Basle Committee on Banking Supervision issued proposals for reform of its 1988 Capital Accord (the Basle II Proposals). These proposals contained MAINLY. I) Settlement risk management
II) Capital requirements III) Supervisory review IV) The handling of hedge funds V) Contingency plans VI) Market discipline 3
(a) I,III and VI (b) II, IV and V (c) I,IV and V (d) II, III and VI
You are working as a Middle Level Executive with ‘Modern Bank Ltd.,’ The MIS Department has submitted the following Statistics from which you are required to estimate the likely Capital Funds required by the Bank as of March, 31st, 2007 taking into account the Basel II implementation compliance. i) ii) iii) Risk-Weighted Assets for Credit Risk likely to be Rs.53,889.50 crores Capital Allocation for Market Risk to be Rs.100/- crores For Operational Risk following Data available. The bank is required to calculate Capital Charge for Operational Risk by Basic Indicator Approach. Year Gross Income 31-03-2004 2600.00 31-03-2005 3000.00 31-03-2006 3400.00 (Amount in Crore) Note: Capital Adequacy prescription applicable to Indian Banks has to be considered for calculation. Answer the following five questions based on above facts. 6. As per Reserve Bank of India directives the Minimum Capital Adequacy Ratio and minimum Tier I capital the Modern Bank is required to maintain as on 31.03.2007 should be ___________ respectively. a) b) c) d) 8% and 4% 9% and 4.5% 9% and 4.0% 12% and not specified (b)
7. The Basel Committee has defined gross income as net interest income and plus net non-interest income and has allowed each relevant national supervisor to define gross income in accordance with the prevailing accounting practices. Accordingly the Reserve Bank of India in the draft guidelines issued 4
on 11.03.2005 for implementation of the new capital adequacy framework has modified the Gross Income definition slightly. The Net Interest Income has been replaced by a) b) c) d) Net Profit Operating Profit No Changes made Interest Expended (a)
8. Based on the Gross Income given above, the likely Capital Charge for Modern Bank Ltd., as on March 31, 2007 to cover Operational Risk under Basic Indicator Approach shall be (a) (b) (c) (d) 375 crores 540 crores 450 crores 360 crores (c)
9. The Modern Bank Ltd., will require total Capital Funds for covering Credit Risk. As on March31,2007 to comply Basel II norms of Rs.________ crores. a) b) c) d) 5400 crore 4500 crores 4800 crores 4311.16 crores (a)
10. The Modern Bank Ltd., should have minimum of Rs._____ Crores as Tier I capital at the rate of minimum of _____% respectively as per RBI guidelines applicable to Indian Banks. a) b) c) d) 2250.450% 2700,4.50% 2400, 4.00% 2400,8.00% (b)
SUBJECT -FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
Based on the following information, Answer Questions 1 to 3. Sales (80% in credit) Rs.14 lakhs, Opening debtors Rs.1,80,000, Discount Rs.12,000, Bad debt Rs.27,000, Cash and Cheques received Rs.10,80,000, Cheques dishonoured Rs.7,200 (expected to realise 50% from that debtor). Closing creditors Rs.1,70,000, Purchases Rs.5 lakhs (25% in cash), Paid to creditors Rs.3,25,000, Goods returned Rs.15,000. Cost of goods sold / sales = 75% Closing stock of finished goods : Rs.1 lakh Opening stock of finished goods : Rs.0.75 lakh Assume 1 year = 360 days. 1. The inventory turnover ratio is: a. 12 b. 24 c. 36 d. None of the above The average collection period is: a. 60 days b. 59 days c. 58 days d. None of the above The average payment period is: a. 250 days b. 256 days c. 146 days d. 186 days
A firm has an opening of stock of Rs.70,000, Closing stock of Rs.90,000 and Cost of goods sold Rs.2,40,000. What the Inventory Turnover Ratio? a. 5 b. 4 c. 3 d. 2 (c)
Based on the following information, Answer Questions 5 and 6. Credit Sales Rs.3,00,000 Opening Balance of Accounts Receivable Rs.40,000 Closing Balance of Accounts Receivable Rs.60,000 Credit Purchases Rs.1,80,000 Opening Balance of Account Payable Rs.20,000 Closing Balance of Accounts Payable Rs.40,000 5. The Debtors’ Turnover Ratio is: a. 6
b. 8 c. 10 (a)
d. 12 6. The Creditors’ Turnover Ratio is: a. 8
b. 6 c. 4 (b)
d. 2 7.
Wait a minute! Why can’t I simply choose, say, z to be really large (z=1,000,000 say) and thereby make p as large as I want? A You can’t because a) that would make p too large b) z has a negative coefficient in the first constraint c) it would violate the first contraint d) it would violate the second constraint (d)
To solve a standard maximization problem using the simplex method, we take the following steps: which are jumbled. Mark the correct order of steps. Step 1: Determine which variable to bring into solution. Step 2: Determine which variable to replace 7
Step 3: Formulate problem in terms of an objective function and a set of constraints Step 4: Update remaining Row values. Compute new z Step 5: Calculate new row values for entering variable and insert into new tableau. Step 6: Set up initial Tableau with slack variables Step 7: If there is no positive (c-z) value found, the solution is optimum. If there is a positive value, then iterate again (repeat earlier three steps). Choose the correct sequence of steps. a) 3,5,4,5,7,1,2 b) 3,6,2,1,5,4,7 c) 3,6,2,1,4,5,7 d) 3,6,1,2,5,4,7 Based on the following information, Answer Questions 9 to 10. MEMBER OF AN INFLUENTIAL ORGANISATION overdraws his accounts at the following banks: the India Integrity Bank, Citizens’ Trust Cooperative Bank, and Prudent Money Investment Bank and uses his organisations allocated Funds. There are no penalties for these withdrawals since the overdrafts are subsidized by organisation. Ethics Committee of the organisation tends to let slide irregular banking activities of this sort, provided they are not flagrant. At the moment a total overdraft of up to Rs.10,000/- will be overlooked. Ramani’s underlying sense of guilt makes him feel funny about writing overdrafts for banks whose names include expressions like “integrity” and “citizens’ trust” and “Prudent”. The effect of this is that his bad cheque writing for the first two banks combined amounts to no more than one-quarter of the total. On the other hand, the financial officers at India Integrity Bank are eager to please Ramani due to his influential position, so they would like him to overdraw his account by as much as possible. Find the amount he should draw from each bank in order to avoid investigation by the ethics committee of the organisation and overdraw his account at India Integrity by as much as his sense of guilt will allow. 9. Rs................................. from India Integrity Bank. a) Rs.2,500/b) Rs.30,000/c) Rs.25,000/d) Rs.35,000/8 (a) (d)
Rs................................ from Prudent Money Investment Bank a) Rs.7,500/b) Rs.10,000/c) Rs.12,500/d) Rs.15,000/(a)
Radhika oil Mill is planning for its cash to be maintained during the month of August. The manager has analysed the daily cash outgo for the month of June. Ten longest daily cash outflows are as follows: June (Rs. in ‘000s) Date 3rd 7th 10th 12th 40 35 48 15th 16th 18th 22th 23 68 42 33 26th 58 28th 29
Cash 55 Outflow
It is expected that the pattern of cash outflows in the month of June but the magnitude of cash outflows will be 20% more. If the finance manager desires sufficient cash to cover payments of 4 peak days during the month than the safety level of cash to be maintained in the month of AUGUST would a) Rs.1,72,400 b) Rs.2,06,880 c) Rs.2,29,000 d) Rs.2,74,800 12. (d)
Which of the following is not a motive for the companies to hold cash? a) Transaction motive b) Precautionary motive c) Lack of proper synchronization between cash inflows and outflows d) Capital investments (d)
VaR menas: a) Valume of Business at Risk b) Value at Risk c) Volume on Risk d) Value as Risk 9 (b)
In an inflationary trend, the pricing of the bank products are: a) Decreasing trend b) Constant c) Increasing trend d) No relevance (c)
Credit Risk Assessment of the borrowal units is for: a) Assessing the repayment capacity b) To fix the pricing of the product c) To review the units performance d) None of the above (b)
Pricing is equals to: a) Cost of the product b) Break Even Point of the firm c) Function of Risk rating d) All of the above (c)
Based on the following information, Answer Questions 17 to 20. The following are the data on a capital project being evaluated by the management of X Ltd., Project M Annual cost saving Useful life I.R.R. Profitability Index (PI) NPV Cost of Capital Cost of Project Salvage value Rs.40,000 4 yeas 15% 1,064 ? ? ? 0
Considering the following table of discount factor: Discount factor 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 17. 15% 0.869 0.756 0.658 0.572 14% 0.877 0.769 0.675 0.592 13% 0.885 0.783 0.693 0.613 12% 0.893 0.797 0.712 0.636
The Pay back period of Project of Project M is: a) 2 year 11 months b) 2 years 9 months c) 2 years 12 months d) None of the above (a)
What is the cost of capital of Project M a) 12% b) 14% c) 16% d) 18% (a)
Project-M NPV is: a) 7,211 b) 7,309 c) 8,014 d) 8,020 (b)
Cost of Project M is: a) 1,14,600 b) 1,14,200 c) 1,14,860 d) 1,14,940 (b)
SUBJECT : GENERAL BANK MANAGEMENT
INSTRUCTIONS: 1. The question paper will have four sections: Section 1: International Banking Section 2: Human Resources Management Section 3: Technology Management Section 4: Marketing Management 2. Each section will have questions in the following pattern: Question 1: Five statements will be given with multiple-choice answers. Candidates are required to tick the answer, which is True or False. Question 2: This will be five concepts/ definitions with multiple-choice answers. Candidates are required to tick the answer which is most appropriate. Question 3: Five small cases will be given along with the issue involved therein with multiple choice answers. Candidates are required to tick answer, which is considered to be the most appropriate. Question 4: One real life situation will be narrated and five issues will be raised thereon with multiple choice answers. Candidates are required to tick the answers, which are considered to be the most appropriate.
SECTION 1: INTERNATIONAL BANKING-SAMPLE QUESTIONS
1. Which of the following statement is correct? (a) Foreign Exchange markets are localized markets. (b) Foreign Exchange markets operate within a country’s time zone. 12
(c) Foreign Exchange markets are dynamic and round the clock markets. (d) Foreign Exchange markets are used only for trade related transactions. (c)
Certain statement has been given below. Answer the question as directed
2. Which of the following definitions is most correct? UCPDC 500 is : (a) Set of rules applicable to CC transactions (b) Set of rule having 500 articles. (c) Set of rules framed by ICC governing LC business globally . (d) Set of universally applicable rules governing LC business in India only. (c)
Read the following situation carefully and tick the answer which is considered most appropriate on the issue raised there in. 3. If market quotes USD/INR as 43.61/63, at what rate can you buy USD at the given quote: (a) 43.61 (b) 43.62 (c) 43.63 (d) None of the above. (c)
4. A correspondent in Japan wants to fund his Vostro account for Rs 10.00 million. At USD/INR at 63.56/57 and JPY at 109.60/70, how much JPY should the correspondent pay into your Nostro account with him, assuming no margins are loaded: (a) 91157.70 (b) 251636 (c) 229515 (d) 251762 (d)
Read the following situation carefully and tick the answer which is considered most appropriate on the issues raised therein. In January 2000, Mr Lobo, a resident of Mumbai, was offered a job in Muscat by a construction company, as Sr. Civil Engineer on a 2 year job contract. He left India on 15.2.2000, after completing Visa formalities and joined the company in Muscat on 18.2.2000. His family joined him in May 2000. He worked with the company till March 2002, and returned back to India bag and baggage. In May 2002, he joined a large construction company in Mumbai, which also undertook large construction projects at overseas centers. He was posted at one of the local construction sites initially, but in October 2003, he was deputed 13
to a Hotel construction site in Moscow, by his employers. He stayed in Moscow for a year, and returned in November 2004 on completion of the project work. On returning India, he resigned from the company to go to Riyadh for taking up another job. He left for Riyadh in December 2004 and got a job with a large company immediately and continues to be there until now. He had following accounts in India: (a) (b) A Savings bank account with XYZ Bank opened in 1998. A Savings Bank account with XYZ Bank opened in 2000, from the monies sent from Muscat, used for payment of monthly sustenance to his old parents in India, A Term Deposit with a Foreign Bank in India , made out of funds he received by selling his ancestral property in Goa. A Term deposit account with an ABC Bank, for USD 5000.00, sent from Muscat, when he received his annual bonus.
Answer the following questions based on the above facts5. What do we call the savings account of Mr. Lobo with XYZ Bank between the period March 2000 and March 2002. (a) (b) (c) (d) 6. Ordinary savings account Resident Rupee account Non resident Ordinary Rupee account Non resident External Rupee Account.
What do we call the savings account of Mr. Lobo with XYZ Bank, opened in 2000, until March 2002. (a) (b) (c) (d) NRNR Account NRO savings account NRE savings account FCNR savings account
What was the status of Mr. Lobo, during May 2002 and May 2003 (a) (b) (c) (d) Non resident Indian Returning resident Indian Temporary resident Indian Resident Indian 14
What do we call the Term deposit account of Mr. Lobo with the foreign bank during his stay in India:. (a) (b) (c) (d) NRO account NRE account Ordinary resident term deposit account Domestic term deposit account.
What do we call the deposit of Mr. Lobo made in US Dollars, when opened? (a) (b) (c) (d) NRE USD account Foreign Currency Resident account Foreign Currency Non- Resident account Non –Resident Foreign currency account
Documents Similar To Caiib Sample Questions

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Presto Products Collection - Walmart.com
Electrode, Comp-701332494, DC-prod-dfw03, ENV-prod-a, PROF-PROD, VER-20.0.17-EBF, SHA-4910456e606ca1d8e8baccbe01eef196e98107d2, CID-59633dda-07d-1713013aaa2e9a, Generated: Tue, 31 Mar 2020 10:12:07 GMT
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Electrode, Comp-709400232, DC-prod-dfw04, ENV-topic-seo-prod, PROF-PROD, VER-20.1.4-20200319_050413.e4bb977ba, SHA-b39aa6d15e7b03c4f0d45263cf4895e9f7496249, CID-9456bcbd-787-1713017ca88f6a, Generated: Tue, 31 Mar 2020 10:16:38 GMT


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9780750685146: Introduction to Emergency Management - New & Used Books & Textbooks at Alibris Marketplace
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Caistor, Lincolnshire Genealogy Genealogy - FamilySearch Wiki
Caistor, Lincolnshire Genealogy
Revision as of 17:30, 23 July 2012 by Jamiekay (talk | contribs) (added info and links)
Caistor St Peter & st Paul Lincolnshire.jpg
"CAISTOR, or Castor (St. Peter and St. Paul), a market-town and parish, and the head of a union, partly in the N. division of the wapentake of Walshcroft, but chiefly in the S. division of the wapentake of Yarborough, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 23 miles (N. N. E.) from Lincoln, and 153 (N.) from London; comprising the chapelries of Holton-le-Moor and Clixby, and the hamlets of Audleby, Fonaby, and Hundon; and containing 1988 inhabitants. There are places of worship for Independents and Methodists."[1]
The digitisation of parish records for the county now offers images via the Lincs to the past website (July 2011). Use advanced search terms at Search Lincs to the past to search for available images for parish registers and other records for this parish with images. Advance search terms Caistor Par 1 will identify available images.
Link to the Family History Library Catalogue showing the film numbers in their collection Caistor
Retrieved from "https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/index.php?title=Caistor,_Lincolnshire_Genealogy&oldid=1067018"

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Remaining to be seen - definition of remaining to be seen by The Free Dictionary
https://www.thefreedictionary.com/remaining+to+be+seen
Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary 11,991,651,512 visitors served
(redirected from remaining to be seen)

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Šime Zekan - Semantic Scholar
Šime Zekan
Vedrana Skerk14
Josip Begovac12
Leo Markovinović8
Pietro L Vernazza7
Joaquim Gascon7
18Vedrana Skerk
11Alemka Markotić
9Josip Begovac
8Emanuela Marras
8Vittorio Magri
Varicella zoster infection in renal transplant recipients: prevalence, complications and outcome.
Zeljka Mustapic, Nikolina Basic-Jukic, +5 authors Šime Zekan
Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is an important pathogen after renal transplantation. In the present study, we examined the prevalence, clinical presentation and outcome of VZV infections in renal… (More)
The role of unusual pathogens in prostatitis syndrome.
Vedrana Škerk, Ivan Krhen, +6 authors Vladimira Kruzić
A total of 1442 patients with symptoms of chronic prostatitis were examined over a 4-year period at the Outpatient Department for Urogenital Infections, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases… (More)
Unsafe Sexual Behavior Among HIV-Infected Patients in Croatia, 2006: Prevalence and Associated Factors
Šime Zekan, Thomas E. Novotny, Josip Begovac
Information about risky sexual behavior among people living with HIV/AIDS is important to prevent the spread of the disease. Using an anonymous, self-administrated questionnaire, we surveyed 185… (More)
Azithromycin: 4.5- or 6.0-gram dose in the treatment of patients with chronic prostatitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis--a randomized study.
Vedrana Škerk, Ivan Krhen, +7 authors Slavko Schoenwald
Journal of chemotherapy
Bilateral brachial neuritis secondary to varicella reactivation in an HIV-positive man.
Patricia H. McNamara, Barry Kiely, Šime Zekan, Jillian Redmond, Fiona Mulcahy
We present the case of a 48-year-old HIV-positive man, who developed acute onset of pain in both upper limbs associated with proximal weakness and distal paraesthesia. Eight weeks prior to this… (More)
Etiology of chronic prostatitis syndrome in patients treated at the university hospital for infectious diseases "Dr. Fran Mihaljević" from 2003 to 2005.
Vedrana Škerk, Vjeran Cajić, +5 authors Arijana Tambić Andragević
A total of 835 patients with symptoms of chronic prostatitis syndrome and no evidence of structural or functional lower genitourinary tract abnormalities were examined in a three year period at the… (More)
Cardiovascular markers of inflammation and serum lipid levels in HIV-infected patients with undetectable viraemia
Klaudija Višković, Snježana Židovec Lepej, +6 authors Josip Begovac
Patients successfully treated for HIV infection still have an increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, which might be related not only to traditional risks, but also to inflammation… (More)
Cardiovascular markers of inflammation and serum lipid levels in HIV-infected patients with undetectable viraemia.
Klaudija Višković, Snježana Židovec-Lepej, +5 authors Josip Begovac
INTRODUCTION Successfully treated HIV-infected patients may still have an increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, which might be related not only to traditional risks, but also to… (More)
Cardiovascular markers of inflammation and serum lipid levels in HIV-infected patients with undetectable viremia
Mycobacterium setense Infection in Humans
María Jesús Pinazo Delgado, José Muñoz Gutierrez, +8 authors Brustenga
tions, 3) low levels of platelets (<100 × 109/L) and 4) increased capillary permeability (5). Our patient fulfi lled all 4 criteria. Few cases of reported DHF fulfi ll criterion 3 due to the short… (More)

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http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/uk-17569345/fuel-driver-hours-rules-relaxed-by-government
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/uk-17561084/fuel-strike-threat-action-ruled-out-over-easter
The government is no longer urging drivers to top-up their petrol tanks following Unite's announcement.
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11:36 61-53Beno Udrih misses 16-foot jumper
11:36Marcus Camby defensive rebound61-53 11:21Nicolas Batum makes 7-foot jumper (Marcus Camby assists)63-53 11:02 63-53Beno Udrih misses 21-foot jumper
11:00Marcus Camby defensive rebound63-53 10:37Andre Miller misses 22-foot jumper63-53 10:37 63-53Samuel Dalembert defensive rebound
10:32 63-55Marcus Thornton makes 5-foot running jumper (Beno Udrih assists)
10:08Marcus Camby misses 7-foot jumper63-55 10:07 63-55Samuel Dalembert defensive rebound
10:00 63-57Marcus Thornton makes driving layup (Beno Udrih assists)
9:44 63-57DeMarcus Cousins personal foul (Marcus Camby draws the foul)
9:37LaMarcus Aldridge makes 20-foot jumper (Andre Miller assists)65-57 9:25 65-57Marcus Thornton misses 23-foot three point jumper
9:23 65-57DeMarcus Cousins offensive rebound
9:23Andre Miller shooting foul (DeMarcus Cousins draws the foul)65-57 9:23 65-57DeMarcus Cousins misses free throw 1 of 2
9:23 65-57DeMarcus Cousins misses free throw 2 of 2
9:22Marcus Camby defensive rebound65-57 9:07LaMarcus Aldridge misses 14-foot jumper65-57 9:07Portland defensive team rebound65-57 9:07Marcus Camby loose ball foul (Samuel Dalembert draws the foul)65-57 8:48 65-59DeMarcus Cousins makes 17-foot jumper
8:29LaMarcus Aldridge lost ball (Marcus Thornton steals)65-59 8:29Andre Miller personal foul (Marcus Thornton draws the foul)65-59 8:07 65-59DeMarcus Cousins misses 4-foot jumper
8:03Marcus Camby defensive rebound65-59 8:00Wesley Matthews makes layup (Nicolas Batum assists)67-59 7:50 67-61DeMarcus Cousins makes layup
7:24Andre Miller misses 21-foot jumper67-61 7:22 67-61Samuel Dalembert defensive rebound
7:03 67-63DeMarcus Cousins makes 4-foot jumper
6:45 67-63Marcus Thornton illegal defense foul
6:45Andre Miller makes technical free throw68-63 6:35LaMarcus Aldridge misses 13-foot jumper68-63 6:35Marcus Camby offensive rebound68-63 6:35Marcus Camby misses tip shot68-63 6:33 68-63DeMarcus Cousins defensive rebound
6:26 68-63Marcus Thornton bad pass (Nicolas Batum steals)
6:24Nicolas Batum traveling68-63 6:22Marcus Camby kicked ball68-63 6:07 68-65DeMarcus Cousins makes 19-foot jumper
5:52Wesley Matthews bad pass (Marcus Thornton steals)68-65 5:47 68-65Samuel Dalembert out of bounds lost ball turnover
5:28Wesley Matthews makes driving layup70-65 5:09 70-65Omri Casspi misses 14-foot jumper
5:07 70-65DeMarcus Cousins offensive rebound
5:07 70-65Nicolas Batum blocks DeMarcus Cousins's layup
5:05Wesley Matthews defensive rebound70-65 4:52Nicolas Batum misses 25-foot three point jumper70-65 4:50LaMarcus Aldridge offensive rebound70-65 4:46Wesley Matthews offensive foul (Beno Udrih draws the foul)70-65 4:46Wesley Matthews turnover70-65 4:46Gerald Wallace enters the game for Marcus Camby70-65 4:28 70-67Marcus Thornton makes 3-foot jumper (Samuel Dalembert assists)
4:13Andre Miller makes 4-foot jumper (Wesley Matthews assists)72-67 3:49 72-67Beno Udrih misses 18-foot jumper
3:31Gerald Wallace offensive charge (Beno Udrih draws the foul)72-67 3:31Gerald Wallace turnover72-67 3:13 72-67DeMarcus Cousins lost ball (Wesley Matthews steals)
3:13 72-67DeMarcus Cousins personal foul (Andre Miller draws the foul)
3:13 72-67Jason Thompson enters the game for DeMarcus Cousins
2:54Nicolas Batum makes 23-foot three point jumper (LaMarcus Aldridge assists)75-67 2:35 75-67Omri Casspi misses 23-foot three point jumper
2:34Andre Miller defensive rebound75-67 2:31Andre Miller bad pass75-67 2:15 75-69Samuel Dalembert makes dunk
2:02Gerald Wallace makes 8-foot jumper77-69 1:46Nicolas Batum personal foul (Jason Thompson draws the foul)77-69 1:44 77-69Jason Thompson offensive charge (Gerald Wallace draws the foul)
1:44 77-69Jason Thompson turnover
1:24Andre Miller bad pass (Beno Udrih steals)77-69 1:20 77-71Beno Udrih makes 13-foot running jumper
1:05Patrick Mills enters the game for LaMarcus Aldridge77-71 1:05Jarron Collins enters the game for Andre Miller77-71 1:05 77-71Pooh Jeter enters the game for Samuel Dalembert
1:05 77-71DeMarcus Cousins enters the game for Beno Udrih
1:04Patrick Mills makes layup (Wesley Matthews assists)79-71 0:45 79-73Omri Casspi makes 20-foot jumper (Pooh Jeter assists)
0:36Patrick Mills misses 15-foot jumper79-73 0:35 79-73Marcus Thornton defensive rebound
0:27 79-73Omri Casspi lost ball (Patrick Mills steals)
0:03Gerald Wallace misses 25-foot three point jumper79-73 0:01Jarron Collins offensive rebound79-73 0:00Jarron Collins misses 19-foot jumper79-73 0:00Portland offensive team rebound79-73 0:00End of the 3rd Quarter

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Talk:Mprotect - Wikipedia
Talk:Mprotect
this is pranav from COEP. Please help in improving this article. Pranav Manghat (talk) 06:42, 20 September 2011 (UTC)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Mprotect&oldid=451458427"	Categories: Redirect-Class Computing articlesNA-importance Computing articlesAll Computing articlesIndia Education Program student projects, 2011 Q3India Education Program student projects	Navigation menu
This page was last edited on 20 September 2011, at 06:43.

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Patent US5453461 - Biologically active polymers - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsThe present invention relates to novel, biologically active polymers, methods for their preparation and their use for biochemical identification reactions and/or for further reaction with biologically active molecules such as, for example, proteins or nucleic acids....http://www.google.com/patents/US5453461?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5453461 - Biologically active polymersAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS5453461 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 08/131,368Publication dateSep 26, 1995Filing dateOct 4, 1993Priority dateOct 9, 1992Fee statusLapsedAlso published asDE4322884A1, EP0591807A2, EP0591807A3Publication number08131368, 131368, US 5453461 A, US 5453461A, US-A-5453461, US5453461 A, US5453461AInventorsLudger Heiliger, Eberhard Kuckert, Antonious Lobberding, Wolfgang SpringerOriginal AssigneeBayer AktiengesellschaftExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (13), Referenced by (16), Classifications (28), Legal Events (4) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetBiologically active polymersUS 5453461 AAbstract The present invention relates to novel, biologically active polymers, methods for their preparation and their use for biochemical identification reactions and/or for further reaction with biologically active molecules such as, for example, proteins or nucleic acids.
We claim: 1. A biologically active water-soluble polymer of the general formula (I) P--(A).sub.q wherein P represents a polymer component having an average molecular weight of 1,000 to 1,000,000 which is linear, branched or cross-linked, the monomer units for the polymer component being selected from the group consisting of acrylic, methacrylic, vinyl or styryl units or mixtures thereof, and wherein the monomer units optionally contain chelating agents or ionic or non-ionic water-solubilizing groups, and A is a biologically active moiety selected from the group consisting of biotin, digoxigenin, digoxin, digitoxigenin, digitoxin and oligonucleotides having 1 to 80 nucleotide units, and q is the number 1 or 2and wherein A and P are bonded by an amide, urea, ester, ether, or urethane group. 2. A biologically active polymer according to claim 1, wherein the monomer units are obtained from:i) compounds corresponding to formula (II) ##STR38## in which Z represents hydrogen, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl, --CO--OR.sup.2, --CO-- NR.sup.3 R.sup.4 or --OOCR.sup.5 group and R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 independently of each other, represent hydrogen or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl,and ii) styrene, α-methyl styrene or compounds corresponding to formula (III) ##STR39## in which R.sup.6 represents hydrogen or methyl, R.sup.7 represents CH.sub.2 or SO.sub.2, m is zero or 1 and X represents halogen, SO.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 -halogen, OMe, SO--CH.sub.3 or methyl, where Me represents an equivalent of a metal,and wherein at least one of the monomers contains an attached dye. 3. A biologically active polymer according to claim 2, comprising the following units as the monomer units: ##STR40## and wherein A is biotin.
5. A biologically active water-soluble polymer of the general formula (I) P--(A).sub.q wherein P represents a polymer component having an average molecular weight of 1,000 to 1,000,000 which is linear, branched or cross-linked, the polymer comprising monomer units obtained from i) compounds corresponding to formula (II) ##STR41## in which Z represents hydrogen, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl, --CO--OR.sup.2, --CO-- NR.sup.3 R.sup.4 or --OOCR.sup.5 group and R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5, independently of each other, represent hydrogen or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl,and ii) styrene, α-methyl styrene or compounds corresponding to formula (III) ##STR42## in which R.sup.6 represents hydrogen or methyl, R.sup.7 represents CH.sub.2 or SO.sub.2, m is zero or 1 and X represents halogen, SO.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 -halogen, OMe, SO-CH.sub.3 or methyl, where Me represents an equivalent of a metal, A is a biologically active moiety selected from the group consisting of biotin, digoxigenin, digoxin, digitoxigenin, digitoxin and oligonucleotides having 1 to 80 nucleotide units, and q is the number 1 or 2,and wherein A and P are bonded by an amide, urea, ester, ether or urethane group. 6. A biologically active polymer as claimed in claim 5, wherein the polymer further comprises an additional monomer selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylic acid chloride, N-hydroxy-succinimide (meth)acrylate, N-hydroxy-phthalimide (meth)acrylate, N-(meth)acryloyl benztriazole, 3- or 4- isothiocyanatophenyl (meth) acrylate, 2-isocyanatoethyl (meth)acrylate, isocyanato-isopropenylbenzene, isopropenyl-α,α-dimethyl-benzyl isocyanate, vinyloxirane, and combined (meth)acrylic acid and carbodiimides, to which additional monomer a chelating agent is covalently attached.
9. A biologically active polymer as claimed in claim 5, wherein the polymer further comprises a coumarin-containing monomer of the formula (C3) or (C4): ##STR44## in which ##STR45## where R.sup.a =H, CH.sub.3 ##STR46## where R═H, CH.sub.3
Z represents hydrogen, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl, preferably C.sub.1 -C.sub.15 -alkyl, in particular C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, --CO--OR.sup.2, --CO--NR.sup.3 R.sup.4 or --OOCR.sup.5 group and
R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5, independently of each other, represent hydrogen or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl, preferably C.sub.1 -C.sub.15 -alkyl, in particular C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl group.
R.sup.6 represents hydrogen or methyl,
R.sup.7 represents CH.sub.2 or SO.sub.2,
X represents halogen, SO.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 -halogen, OMe, SO--CH.sub.3 or methyl.
R.sup.8 represents hydrogen, SO.sub.3 H, COOH, SO.sub.3 Me or COOMe, wherein Me represents an equivalent of a metal such as for example sodium, potassium or caesium, or ammonium, and
R.sup.9 represents ##STR4## where
R.sup.10 =hydrogen or methyl.
Ionic polymers generally have an intrinsic viscosity of at least 0.1 dl/g, preferably 0.5 to 20, in particular 1-10 dl/g measured in 0.9% strength aqueous NaCl solution at 20
R.sup.a =H, CH.sub.3 ##STR8## where
R=H, CH.sub.3
These may be, for example, salts of p-styrylsulphonic acid (Na.sup.+, K.sup.+, NH.sub.4), acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylamide, methacrylamide or derivatives thereof. Suitable derivatives are e.g.: 2-acryloylamino-2-methyl-propanesulphonic acid, dialkylamino-alkyl-(meth)acrylates and dialkylamino-alkyl-(meth)acrylamides such as dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, dimethylamino-propyl acrylamide and the quaternary compounds deriving from such (meth)acrylates and (meth)acrylamides. Also suitable are, for example: N-vinylpyrrolidone, N-vinylpiperidone, N-vinylcaprolactam, N-vinylformamide, N-vinylacetamide, N-vinyl-N-methyl-acetamide and N-vinyl-O-methyl-urethane.
R.sup.31 represents an O-alkyl, N(alkyl).sub.2, NH-alkyl, NH--SO.sub.2 -alkyl, O-trimethylsilyl or NH--SO.sub.2 -aryl group,
R.sup.32 represents hydrogen, cyano, chloro, hydroxy, an alkyl or aryl group and
R.sup.33 represents phenyl or a hetero-aryl group.
Here alkyl preferably means C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl, aryl preferably means phenyl, alkylene preferably means C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkylene and hetero-aryl preferably means (benz)thiazolyl ##STR10##
R.sup.31 may also represent ##STR11## wherein X represents oxygen, a N--C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl group or (CH.sub.2).sub.n, where n may be 0 or 1.
R.sup.32 and R.sup.33 are as defined above for formula (Va).
The coumarins of formula (Va) and (Vb) preferably contain a functional group on one of the substituents R.sup.31, R.sup.32 and R.sup.33 for bonding the dye to a monomer unit or the polymer obtained therefrom. NH.sub.2 or OH groups are particularly suitable for this.
R.sup.31, R.sup.32 and R.sup.33 are defined as above for the coumarins (see formulas (Va) and (Vb)) and
R.sup.34 represents an alkyl group, preferably C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl.
R.sup.35 represents hydrogen or methyl,
R.sup.36 and R.sup.37, independently of each other, represent hydrogen or chlorine and
R.sup.38 represents an alkylene, alkyl-N-alkylene or alkylene-O-alkylene group,
wherein alkyl and alkylene may represent, for example, a C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 -alkyl or C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 -alkylene group.
R.sup.39 represents an alkyl group and
R.sup.40 and R.sup.41, independently of each other, represent hydrogen, an O-alkyl or N(alkyl).sub.2 group,
wherein each alkyl preferably represents C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 -alkyl and one of the groups R.sup.39, R.sup.40 or R.sup.41 carries a NH.sub.2 group for bonding to a monomer unit or the polymer obtained therefrom.
R.sup.42 represents hydrogen or SO.sub.3 H and
R.sup.43 and R.sup.44, independently of each other, represent an O-alkyl or N(alkyl).sub.2 group,
wherein alkyl preferably represents C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 -alkyl and one of the groups R.sup.43 or R.sup.44 carries a NH.sub.2 group for bonding to a monomer unit or the polymer obtained therefrom.
Y.sup.⊖ represents a colourless anion, e.g. Cl.sup.e, Br.sup.e, I.sup.e HSO.sub.4.sup.e, ##STR19##
X=Cl, Br, I, CH.sub.3 and
R.sup.45 to R.sup.48, independently of each other, represent an alkyl group or ##STR20## wherein alkyl preferably represents C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 -alkyl and X represents oxygen, a N--C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 -alkyl group or (CH.sub.2).sub.n, where n may be zero or 1.
.sup.⊕ NR.sup.45 R.sup.46 and/or NR.sup.47 R.sup.48, together with the aromatic rings to which they are bonded, may also form a polycyclic system, e.g. of the formula (Vi) or (Vk). ##STR21##
The units A and P in the polymers according to the invention are bonded to each other, for example, via an ester, sulphonic ester, amide, sulphonamide, urethane, thiourethane, urea, thiourea, ether, amine or sulphide group. If increased mobility of the units A and/or P is desired, groups such as, for example, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkylene, preferably C.sub.3 -C.sub.15 -alkylene, in particular C.sub.5 -C.sub.10 alkylene, C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 -arylene-C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 -alkylene, preferably phenylen- or naphthylen-C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 -alkylene, or (CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --O).sub.1 where 1=1-20, preferably 3-15, in particular 5-10, may be incorporated between the bonding groups.
Thus, for example, vinyl monomers are (co)polymerised under the usual conditions of radical polymerisation with radical chain initiators which contain the biologically active section A, i.e. at temperatures of 30 reactants, in an (inert) solvent such as, for example, dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulphoxide, (chlorinated) aromatic compounds, (chlorinated) aliphatic compounds, ethers, esters, ketones, alcohols, at atmospheric pressure or else, in the case of gaseous monomers, under excess pressure in an autoclave. If it is desired, the usual additives such as (M.sub.w controller such as, for example, dodecanethiol or n-butanethiol, cross-linkers when preparing beads such as, for example, divinylbenzene, etc.) may be added to the reaction solution.
--SO.sub.2 --, --COO--, --SO.sub.2 NH--, --CO--NH--, --NH--CO--O--, --NH--CS--O--, --NH--CO--NH--, --NH--CS--NH--, --O--, --NH--, --S--.
L.sup.1 is defined as for L above, and
R represents a C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 -alkylene, preferably C.sub.3 -C.sub.15 -alkylene, particularly preferably C.sub.5 -C.sub.10 -alkylene, C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 -arylene-C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 -alkylene, preferably phenylen- or naphthylen-C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 -alkylene group or (CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --O).sub.n, where
R.sup.11 --N═N--R.sup.12                               (IX)
R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 represent a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.10 -cycloalkyl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.20 -aralkyl group or the group ##STR27## and Y represents CN, N.sub.3 or ##STR28## R.sup.13, R.sup.14 and R.sup.15, independently of each other, represent a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -cycloalkyl or, if R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 are connected, C.sub.2 -C.sub.30 -alkylene group or in addition one of the groups R.sup.13 or R.sup.14, but not both simultaneously, represents phenyl, toluyl, benzyl or phenethyl,
R.sup.16 independently represents a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -cycloalkyl or C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 -aryl group;
2) tetraaryl/alkylethanes of the general formula (X) ##STR29## in which Z represents a hydroxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl or C.sub.6 -C.sub.20 group, particularly hydroxy, methyl, ethyl, n- or iso-propyl, phenyl or naphthyl,
R.sup.17 and R.sup.18, independently of each other, represent a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -naphthyl group, in particular methyl, ethyl, n- or isopropyl, phenyl or naphthyl and
R.sup.20, R.sup.21 and R.sup.23, independently of each other, represent (CH.sub.2).sub.m --H, in which
R.sup.24 represents a phenylene, naphthylene, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -alkylene or C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -cycloalkylene group.
Y.sup.1 represents CN, N.sub.3, COOR.sup.26 and
R.sup.25 and R.sup.26, independently of each other, represent a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl group, particularly methyl, ethyl, n- or iso-propyl, or a C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -cycloalkyl group, particularly cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl.
A particularly preferred structure for the unit B mentioned under 1) has the formula (IXb) ##STR33## i.e. p is 2, R.sup.25 is CH.sub.3 and Y.sup.1 is CN.
A particularly preferred structure for the unit B mentioned under 4) corresponds to the formula (XII) with 1=0 and R.sup.24 =phenylene.
The structures of the formulas (IX) to (XII), which make up the radical-forming section, carry 1 (y in formula VII=0) or 2 (y in formula (VII)=2) reactive groups X.sup.1 (see description of formula (XIII)).
In the azo structures of the formula (IX), the R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 groups carry this/these group(s). In the structures of the formulas (IXa), (IXb), (X) and (XII), the terminal hydrogen atoms are replaced by this/these group(s). The dinitriles of the formula (XI) carry this/these group(s) symmetrically about the central bond on R.sup.20, R.sup.21 and/or R.sup.23.
X.sup.1 may be NCO, NCS, COCl, COOH, CO--O--NH-hydroxysuccinimide, OH, NH.sub.2, SH, Cl, Br or I and
with 1 or 2 equivalents of biologically active substance A in solvents which are chemically inert to the groupings mentioned under X.sup.1 such as, for example, chlorinated aliphatic compounds, ketones, nitriles, sulphoxides, sulphones etc., at temperatures between 0 40
X.sup.1 represents COCl or CONHSO.sub.2 Cl,
Compounds in which X.sup.1 represents NCO and CO--O--N-hydroxysuccinimide are preferred for use as the compound of the formula X.sup.1 --B--(X.sup.1).sub.y in the process according to the invention.
Reaction takes place preferably between 0 particularly preferably between 15 particular at ca. 20 acetonitrile are preferably used as solvent.
The linker group L is formed by reacting X.sup.1 from the formula X.sup.1 --B--(X.sup.1).sub.y with the reactive group in the biologically active unit A, for example the carboxyl group in biotin or the amino group in an oligonucleotide.
Alternatively, other per se known mono- and bifunctional initiators (AnI) may also be used for anionic polymerisation, in which termination of the propagation reaction may take place after achieving the desired molar mass using functionalisable reagents such as, for example, I.sub.2 or Br--CN, whereby the bonding to compounds with hydroxy or amino groups, which contain the biologically active section A, takes place in a polymer-analogous manner:
AnI--(M).sub.p.sup.⊖ +BR--CN→AnI--(M).sub.p --BR+CN.sup.⊖
AnI--(M).sub.p --BR+A--NH.sub.2 →P--A
EXAMPLES A) Preparation of biologically active initiators
Example 1 (Corresponding to Initiator 1) 3 mmol of biotin is stirred for 18 h under pure nitrogen with 1 mmol of 2,2'-azobis[2-methyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-propionamide] and 3 mmol of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide in 20 ml of dry dimethylformamide at room temperature. The precipitate which is produced is filtered off. 1 ml of concentrated aqueous ammonia solution is added to the filtrate. Stirring is continued for one hour at room temperature and filtering is then repeated. The filtrate is poured onto crushed ice, wherein the product according to the invention (initiator 2) is precipitated. The dried and washed precipitate is pure product according to the invention, according to analysis using thin layer chromatography in methanol/chloroform (2:1, I.sub.2 detection) and .sup.1 H NMR.
Example 2 Preparation of Oligonucleotide Initiators A solution of 6 mg (12.6 μmol) of 4,4'-azobis(N-hydroxy-succinimidyl 4-cyanopentanoate) in dimethylformamide is added to 1.5 mg (0.26 μmol) of 5'-aminolink oligonucleotide with the sequence ATCCAGTTGTGTCTTCAAC in sodium phosphate buffer (pH=7.5). The reaction mixture was stirred for 72 h at room temperature. The reaction product is isolated by preparative HPLC (high pressure liquid chromatography) on a RP 18 column with an acetonitrile gradient increasing over 30 min in 0.1M triethylammonium acetate. Yield 35% of theory.
Example 3 10 g of azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as well as 100 g of polyethylene oxide (molecular weight 400) and polyol E 400 are added to 200 ml of methylene chloride. The solution is cooled to 0 introduced (about 46 g of HCl in 3 hours) until saturation is reached. The resulting clear solution is stirred overnight at 0 poured slowly with stirring onto 200 g ice/100 g water. After stirring for 2 hours the two phases are separated in a separating funnel, the aqueous phase is subsequently extracted 3 times with methylene chloride and the combined phases are extracted by shaking with an aqueous NaHCO.sub.3 solution and water. The organic phase is dried over Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4 and evaporated in a rotary evaporator at room temperature under a high vacuum. The yield is 41.6 g, corresponding to 70.7% of theory. The .sup.14 N elementary analysis reveals a content of 3.4% nitrogen (theoretical: 3.1 %).
Example 4 COCl.sub.2 was introduced into a solution consisting of 5 g of the product from Example 1 in 50 ml of tetrahydrofuran. 5.5 g of a viscous oil remain after evaporating the solution to dryness.
Example 5: Biotinylated Starter=Initiator 2 1 g of Na.sub.2 CO.sub.3 and 1 g of biotin hydrazide are heated in 15 ml of dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) to 75 cooling the solution to 0 2 are added and the mixture is stirred overnight at room temperature. The precipitate is filtered off and the filtrate is evaporated in a rotary evaporator; the residue is taken up in chloroform, extracted by shaking with a NaHCO.sub.3 solution and water and the organic phase is dried over Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4. After evaporating off the solvent, 1.26 g of a viscous oil remains.
Example 6 Preparation of a biologically active polymer (marking polymer) from an initiator with biotin as the biologically active terminal group.
The solution is thoroughly flushed through with pure nitrogen, heated to 70 precipitated in 200 ml of methanol, filtered under suction, dried and subjected to ultra-filtration (exclusion limit 10 000 Dalton). The water-soluble, fluorescing polymer has an average molar mass of 110 000 Dalton (M.sub.n) and may be used directly for reactions with avidin or strepatavidin.
Example 7 Preparation of a marking polymer from an initiator with an oligonucleotide as the biologically active terminal group.
The polymer has an average molar mass of 500 000 (M.sub.n) and may be used directly in gene probe tests to detect DNA or RNA with the complementary sequence to that in the oligonucleotide.
Example 8 Synthesis of monomer 1 for polymer 1:
2 g of 1,3-diamino-2-propanol-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid are dissolved in 30 ml of water and neutralised with 2.5 g of triethylamine, the water evaporated off and the residue taken up in 50 ml of acetonitrile. 0.96 g of methacrylic anhydride and 0.62 g of triethylamine were added to this and heated for 6 h at 50 concentrated by evaporation and adjusted to pH 3 with 1N hydrochloric acid. Then the mixture is concentrated by evaporation and precipitated from acetone.
The product is identified by .sup.1 H NMR from the characteristic resonance of the methacryl protons at 5.55 and 6.15 ppm. Yield: 56% of theory.
Example 9 Synthesis of monomer 2 for polymer 2:
Example 10 Synthesis of monomer 3 for polymer 3:
5 g of p-aminosalicylic acid are dissolved in dimethylacetamide, 3 g of methacrylic anhydride are added and the mixture is heated at 90 The crude solution is concentrated by evaporation and poured into water. The precipitate is filtered, rewashed with water and dried.
The product is identified by .sup.1 H NMR from the characteristic methacryl protons at 5.55 and 6.15 ppm.
Example 11 Synthesis of monomer 4 for polymer 4:
Examples 12 to 15 Preparation of polymers 1-4:
Biologically Active Substances Which Are Marked With Marking Polymers Example 16 Double Marking the Polymer/Oligonucleotide Probe To detect coupling of the oligonucleotide probe to the polymer and to compare the sensitivity of detection of the coumarin fluorescent dye bonded to the polymer, the polymer/oligonucleotide probes were double marked with conventional phosphorus.sup.32 (P.sup.32) or digoxigenin markers.
The reactive 5'-amino-oligonucleotide probe with the 19-fold nucleotide sequence 5'd ATCCAGTTGTGTCTTCAAC from example 2 was marked at the 3'end with alpha P.sup.32 -dCTP using an end-marking kit from the Boehringer Mannheim company. Alternatively, the end group was marked in a non-radioactive manner using digoxigenin-dUTP. Ca. 50% end marking was achieved after 60 minutes at 37 μl of reaction buffer (potassium cacodylate 1 mol/l; tris/HCl 125 mmol/l; beef serum albumin 1.25 mg/ml; pH 6.6; 25 oligonucleotide, 5 units of terminal transferase cobalt chloride (CoCl.sub.2); 2.5 mmol/l and 25 μCi of alpha P.sup.32 dCTP.
Using the double marked polymer/oligonucleotide probe, which enabled detection via the fluorescence of the coumarin fluorescent dye bonded to the polymer or detection via the P.sup.32 or digoxigenin bonded to the oligonucleotide, slot hybridisation was performed as described in example 17 below and liquid hybridisation was performed as described in example 18.
Example 17 Slot Blot Hybridisation Using the Polymer/Oligonucleotide Probe Hybridisation was performed by the usual method at an incubation temperature of 40 hybridisation, different substances were added. Dextrane sulphate or other polymers were used to increase the rate and extent of hybridisation. Detergents and masking reagents such as dry milk, Denhardt's solution, heparin or sodium dodecyl sulphate (called SDS in the following) were added to suppress non-specific bonding of DNA to the membrane. Denaturing agents such as urea or formamide could be used to lower the melting point of the hybrids so that lower temperatures of hybridisation could be used. In addition, non-specific bonding of gene probes to non homologous DNA on the blot could be reduced by the addition of heterologous DNA.
To prepare for hybridisation, 50-500 ng of unmarked genomic DNA from Nitrosomonas europae were initially denatured for 5 minutes at 100 C., cooled to 0 or nylon membranes using a Minifold II filtration apparatus from Schleicher and Schull and fixed at 80 were hybridised at 68 foil sachet or plastic box with at least 20 ml of hybridising solution per 100 cm.sup.2 of filter.
The solution was replaced by 2.5 ml per 100 cm.sup.2 of filter of hybridising solution to which were added 100 ng of the polymer/oligonucleotide probe from example 13. The filters were incubated for at least 6 hours at 68
The filters were than washed for 2 at least 50 ml 2 2
______________________________________Solutions:______________________________________20          3M NaCl, 0.3 M Na citrate pH 7.0Hybridisation solution 1:         5          sarcosine, Na salt; 0.02% SDS;         0.5% masking reagent         (Boehringer Mannheim) solution to         dissolve at 50-70______________________________________
______________________________________Hybridisation mix 2:        50% formamide 7         2         (100         2% polyvinylpyrrolidone,        2% beef serum albumin)        300 μg/ml of calf thymus DNAHybridisation mix 3:        6         50 μg herring sperm DNA,        beef serum albumin 0.1%Hybridisation mix 4:        5         0.01 M sodium pyrophosphate;______________________________________
Evaluation of the hybridisation test was also possible using autoradiography due to double marking of the oligonucleotide with P.sup.32 by 3'end marking using terminal transferase. In this case, the filter was fixed to a glass plate and then laid on an X-ray film and exposed for 2-5 hours. After developing the film, blackening of the slot blots was evaluated quantitatively with a Shimadzu scanner.
Example 18 Liquid Hybridisation Using Polymer/Oligonucleotide Probes Liquid hybridisations were performed as sandwich hybridisations with streptavidin coated magnetic particles from the Dynal (Hamburg) company to separate the hybridisation complex.
After heating for 10 minutes at 100 0 Mannheim) were added and hybridised for 1 hour at 68 magnetic beads were pre-treated with 1 liquid was pipetted off after separating over a magnet and the hybridisation batch was added and incubated for 1/2 hour at room temperature with slight agitation. The coupled hybridisation complex was separated with the beads, the residual liquid was pipetted off and the beads were washed once with buffer A (2 with buffer B (0.1% SSC; 0.1% SDS).
Finally 500 μl of double distilled H.sub.2 O were added and the fluorescence of the polymer/oligonucleotide in the hybridisation complex was measured in a fluorescence photometer with 375 nm excitation and 495 nm emission.
In parallel with this, the masking reaction and antibody reaction to detect hybridisation via chemiluminescence was performed. The beads loaded with DNA were treated once with 150 μl of wash-buffer (0.1M maleic acid, 0.1M NaCl, pH 7.5, 0.3% tween 20) and after separating and pipetting off the wash-buffer, 400 μl of buffer 2 (0.1M maleic acid; 0.15M NaCl; pH 7.5; 1% masking reagent (Boehringer, Mannheim) were added. After 1/2 hour of incubation at room temperature, this was separated, pipetted off and 100 μl of anti-body conjugate solution (AB 1:10 000 in buffer 2) were added and incubated for 1/2 hour at room temperature, then separated, pipetted off and treated with 400 μl of wash buffer, 2 with slight agitation. Finally the mix was separated and treated with 150 μl of buffer 3 (0.1 M tris/HCl buffer with 0.1M NaCl and 50 mM MgCl.sub.2 pH 9.5). It was then separated again and incubated with detection solution using AMPPD 1:100 in buffer 3 for 15 minutes at 37 a luminescence photometer at 477 nm (Lumacounter from Lumac).
Example 19 Hybridisation of the Polymer/Oligonucleotide Probe with Amplified DNA Due to this increase in sensitivity, direct and thus particularly simple detection via fluorescence of the polymer/oligonucleotide becomes a very good alternative as compared with the known techniques of detection such as chemiluminescence, bromochloroindolyl phosphate/nitroblue-tetrazolium dye reaction and radioactive methods.
Amplification of the target DNA was performed by the polymerase chain reaction (EP-A 200 362; 201 184) and alternatively by the hairpin amplification method (EP-A 427 074). 2 μg of genomic DNA from Nitrosomonas europae, 2 μmol of primer 1 (5'dATCCAGTTGCTTCAAC) and primer 2 (5'ACTGGCAGGCAGCAG), 2.5 units of Taq polymerase from Cetus/Perkin-Elmer and 200 μmol of dNTPS each time in a total of 100 μl of PCR buffer (50 mM KCl, 10 mM tris/HCl pH 8.3, 1.5 mM MgCl.sub.2, and 0.01% of gelatine). Amplification was performed in a PCR processor from Cetus/Perkin-Elmer.
Using the batches, first of all an initial melting of DNA was performed for 2 min 30 sec. at 94 94 40 C., per cycle. After 35 cycles there was a final 20 minute extension at 72
The amplified DNA was denatured for 5 minutes at 100 the batches were immediately cooled to 0 20 or nylon membranes using a Minifold II filtration apparatus from Schleicher and Schu ll. The DNA on the filters was fixed for 2 hours at 80
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text:
Poul Kristensen - Semantic Scholar
P Hjorth19
Siddharth Ramachandran13
S Palsbo9
K Sørrig9
U Dietl7
30Erik Jeppesen
28Jens Peder Jensen
28Torben L. Lauridsen
24Martin Søndergaard
19P Hjorth
E. Jeppesen, J. P. Jensen, +4 authors K. Olrik
H. S. Jensen, P. Kristensen, E. Jeppesen, A. Skytthe
Analysis of Danish lakes showed that both mean winter and mean summer concentrations of lake water total phosphorus in the trophogenic zone correlated negatively with the total iron to total phosphorus ratio (Fe:P) in surface sediments. No correlation was found between the water total phosphorus concentration and either the sediment phosphorus concentration… (More)
Phytoplankton biomass reduction after planktivorous fish reduction in a shallow, eutrophic lake: a combined effect of reduced internal P-loading and increased zooplankton grazing
M. Søndergaard, E. Jeppesen, E. Mortensen, E. Dall, P. Kristensen, O. Sortkjær
No recovery was recorded in the shallow and eutrophic Lake Væng, Denmark, after a sewage diversion in 1981, due to an internal phosphorus loading and a dominance of planktivorous fish. In order to improve lake water quality by means of biomanipulation, a total of 2.5 tons of bream (Abramis brama) and roach (Rutilus rutilus) was removed during 1986 and the… (More)
Nenad Bozinovic, Poul Kristensen, Siddharth Ramachandran
We demonstrate propagation of light possessing orbital angular momentum over record fiber-lengths (~km) with minimal cross-talk (<;20-dB). This yields a novel degree of freedom for encoding information in fibers for quantum or classical communication links.
Nenad Bozinovic, Yang Yue, +5 authors Siddharth Ramachandran
Internet data traffic capacity is rapidly reaching limits imposed by optical fiber nonlinear effects. Having almost exhausted available degrees of freedom to orthogonally multiplex data, the possibility is now being explored of using spatial modes of fibers to enhance data capacity. We demonstrate the viability of using the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of… (More)
Siddharth Ramachandran, Poul Kristensen, Man F Yan
Beams with polarization singularities have attracted immense recent attention in a wide array of scientific and technological disciplines. We demonstrate a class of optical fibers in which these beams can be generated and propagated over long lengths with unprecedented stability, even in the presence of strong bend perturbations. This opens the door to… (More)
Fish manipulation as a lake restoration tool in shallow, eutrophic temperate lakes 1: cross-analysis of three Danish case-studies
E. Jeppesen, M. Søndergaard, +9 authors E. Dall
The use of fish manipulation as a tool for lake restoration in eutrophic lakes has been investigated since 1986 in three shallow, eutrophic Danish lakes. The lakes differ with respect to nutrient loading and nutrient levels (130–1000 µg P l−1, 1–6 mg N l−1). A 50% removal of planktivorous fish in the less eutrophic cyanobacteria-diatom dominated Lake Væng… (More)
N Nyholm, P Kristensen
An international ring test involving 14 laboratories was organized on behalf of the Commission of the European Economic Communities (EEC) with the purpose of evaluating two proposed screening methods for assessment of biodegradability in seawater: (a) a shake flask die-away test based primarily on analysis of dissolved organic carbon and (b) a closed bottle… (More)
P Crouzet ( Ifen, J Leonard, +9 authors J H Schultz Grafisk
Legal notice Neither the European Community, the European Environment Agency, nor any person or company acting on their behalf is responsible for the use which may be made of the information in this publication. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the official opinions of the European Community, its institutions, or the international… (More)
Complex mode amplitude measurement for a six-mode optical fiber.
We propose a measurement protocol and parameter estimation algorithm to recover the powers and relative phases of each of the vector modes present at the output of an optical fiber that supports the HE₁₁, TE₀₁, HE₂₁, and TM₀₁ modes. The measurements consist of polarization filtered near-field intensity images that are easily implemented with standard… (More)


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Ambrose Martin - Wikipedia
Ambrose Martin was one of the first settlers of the early colonial town of Concord, Massachusetts. While living there, he was fined 10 pounds, a large sum for the time, for speaking out against the Puritan church covenant, stating that it was "a stinking carrion and a human invention,"[1] thus being part of one of the first recorded instances of the censure of free speech in colonial America, a freedom that later became a pillar of the United States Constitution.[2][3] Martin had been unable to pay the fine in cash, so authorities seized a cow from his property and sold it for 20 pounds. The difference of 10 pounds was due to Martin, but he refused to accept it, maintaining he be repaid either the entire sum of the fine or nothing at all.
Years later, when Martin and his family became financially distressed, a petition was drafted and delivered to Governor John Endecott in 1643 to return to Martin the amount of his fine. The petition was written by Reverend Peter Bulkley, and signed by Reverend John Jones and thirteen heads of families: Richard Griffin, Simon Willard, Robert Merriam, Thomas Wheeler, George Wheeler, Robert Fletcher, Luke Potter, Joseph Wheeler, Thomas Foxe, William Busse, Henry Farwell, James Hosmer, and John Graves.[4] On April 5, 1644, Endecott answered the petition, stating that the whole sum of 20 pounds would not be returned, however Martin was still entitled to the difference of 10 pounds, which he never claimed.[5]
^ Alice Morse Earle, The Sabbath in Puritan New England, 1891"[1]", January 13, 2011.
^ Charles Hosmer Walcott, Concord in the colonial period: being a history of the town of Concord, 1884, "[2]", January 11, 2011.
^ Arthur Bernon Tourtellot, Lexington and Concord: The Beginning of the War of the American Revolution, 1959, "[3]", January 11, 2011.
^ Lemuel Shattuck, A history of the town of Concord, Middlesex County, Massachusetts: from its earliest settlement to 1832 : and of the adjoining towns, Bedford, Acton, Lincoln, and Carlisle, containing various notices of county and state history not before published, 1835, "[4]", January 13, 2011.
^ Allen French, Old Concord, 1915"[5]", January 13, 2011.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ambrose_Martin&oldid=741819956"	Categories: American PuritansPeople from Concord, MassachusettsNew England PuritanismHidden categories: Year of birth unknownYear of death unknown	Navigation menu
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Letter from Alexander Graham Bell to Mabel Hubbard Bell, November 10, 1876 | Library of Congress
Letter from Alexander Graham Bell to Mabel Hubbard Bell, November 10, 1876
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http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/magbell.03500214
Bell, Alexander Graham, Mabel Hubbard Bell, and Gertrude Mccurdy Hubbard. Letter from Alexander Graham Bell to Mabel Hubbard Bell, November 10, 1876. 1876. Manuscript/Mixed Material. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/magbell.03500214/. (Accessed July 26, 2017.)
Bell, A. G., Bell, M. H. & Hubbard, G. M. (1876) Letter from Alexander Graham Bell to Mabel Hubbard Bell, November 10, 1876. [Manuscript/Mixed Material] Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/magbell.03500214/.
Bell, Alexander Graham, Mabel Hubbard Bell, and Gertrude Mccurdy Hubbard. Letter from Alexander Graham Bell to Mabel Hubbard Bell, November 10, 1876. 1876. Manuscript/Mixed Material. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, <https://www.loc.gov/item/magbell.03500214/>.
Letter from Alexander Graham Bell to Gertrude McCurdy Hubbard, November 14, 1876
Letter from Alexander Graham Bell to Gertrude McCurdy Hubbard, November 13, 1876
1886-07-18

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