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Patent US20040084016 - Electronically controlled throttle apparatus - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsIn an electronically controlled throttle apparatus, a coil spring is shaped to extend from a U-shaped hook portion which is a joint between a first spring portion having a returning function and a second spring portion having an opening function to the other end of the second spring portion. A coating...http://www.google.com/patents/US20040084016?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US20040084016 - Electronically controlled throttle apparatusAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS20040084016 A1Publication typeApplicationApplication numberUS 10/685,577Publication dateMay 6, 2004Filing dateOct 16, 2003Priority dateOct 30, 2002Also published asDE10350452A1, US6863259, US6962325, US20050126536Publication number10685577, 685577, US 2004/0084016 A1, US 2004/084016 A1, US 20040084016 A1, US 20040084016A1, US 2004084016 A1, US 2004084016A1, US-A1-20040084016, US-A1-2004084016, US2004/0084016A1, US2004/084016A1, US20040084016 A1, US20040084016A1, US2004084016 A1, US2004084016A1InventorsKatsuya Torii, Shinsuke Miyazaki, Masato AraiOriginal AssigneeDenso CorporationExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (10), Referenced by (7), Classifications (5), Legal Events (4) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetElectronically controlled throttle apparatus
US 20040084016 A1Abstract
In an electronically controlled throttle apparatus, a coil spring is shaped to extend from a U-shaped hook portion which is a joint between a first spring portion having a returning function and a second spring portion having an opening function to the other end of the second spring portion. A coating of a lubricant is provided on a sliding contact area between the inside circumferential surface of the coil spring and the outside circumferential surface of the second spring inside circumferential guide. Thus, the sliding resistance in relative motion between the coil spring and the second spring inside circumferential guide can be significantly reduced. Images(9) Claims(6)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0011] The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description made with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings: [0012] [0012]FIG. 1 is a sectional view illustrating an electronically controlled throttle apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention; [0013] [0013]FIG. 2 is a side view illustrating a gear case in a throttle housing, a fitting flange of a driving motor, and a mechanical reduction gear in the first embodiment; [0014] [0014]FIGS. 3A and 3B are schematic views illustrating a major part of the electronically controlled throttle apparatus according to the first embodiment; [0015] [0015]FIG. 4A is a side view illustrating the coil spring, FIG. 4B is a front view illustrating the coil spring, FIG. 4C is a side view illustrating the valve gear with the opener member and the spring inside circumferential guide integrated therewith, and FIG. 4D is a front view illustrating the opener member and the spring inside circumferential guide in the first embodiment; [0016] [0016]FIG. 5 is a perspective view illustrating a major part of an electronically controlled throttle apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention; [0017] [0017]FIG. 6 is a sectional view illustrating an electronically controlled throttle apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention; [0018] [0018]FIG. 7A is a sectional view illustrating the major part of the electronically controlled throttle apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 7B is a perspective view illustrating a second guide member in the fourth embodiment; and [0019] [0019]FIGS. 8A and 8B are schematic views illustrating a major part of an electronically controlled throttle apparatus according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT [0020] The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to various embodiments. First Embodiment [0021] An electronically controlled throttle apparatus in this embodiment is an intake air control device for an internal combustion engine, and comprises a throttle housing 1 which forms an intake air passage to an internal combustion engine; a throttle valve 3 rotatably supported in the bore wall portion 2 in the throttle housing 1; a throttle valve shaft 4 which is rotated integrally with the throttle valve 3; and a driving motor 5 as an actuator which drives the throttle valve 3 to open and close the throttle bore through a mechanical reduction gear. The driving motor 5 is electronically controlled by an engine control unit (ECU). [0022] The electronically controlled throttle apparatus controls the quantity of intake air flowing into the engine based on the degree of depression of the accelerator pedal (not shown) of an automobile. The apparatus thereby controls the rotational speed of the engine. The ECU is connected with an accelerator position sensor (not shown). The accelerator position sensor converts the degree of depression of the accelerator pedal into electrical signals (accelerator position signals) and outputs its conversion result to the ECU. [0023] Further, the electronically controlled throttle apparatus is provided with a throttle position sensor. The throttle position sensor converts the opening of the throttle valve 3 into electrical signals (throttle opening signals) and outputs its conversion result to the ECU. [0024] The throttle position sensor comprises a rotor 10 fixed on the right end of the shaft 4, as viewed in relevant figures, by such a fixing means as crimping; split (substantially rectangular) permanent magnets 11 as a source of magnetic fields; split (substantially arc-shaped) yokes (magnetic substance) 12 magnetized by the permanent magnets 11; a Hall element 13 integrally placed on a sensor cover 26 so that the element is opposed to the split permanent magnets 11; terminals (not shown) made of conductive sheet metal for electrically connecting the Hall element 13 with the external ECU; and a stator 14 made of ferrous metal material (magnetic material) for concentrating magnetic flux on the Hall element 13. [0025] The split permanent magnets 11 and the split yokes 12 are secured on the inside circumferential surface of the rotor 10 which is formed by insert molding on a valve gear 43 as a component of the mechanical reduction gear with adhesive or the like. The split permanent magnets 11 are disposed between the two adjoining yokes 12. The split permanent magnets 11 in this embodiment are substantially rectangular permanent magnets whose direction of magnetization is vertical as viewed in FIG. 2. The north pole is positioned on the upper side as viewed in the figure, and the south pole is positioned on the lower side. The permanent magnets 11 are disposed so that the same poles come to the same side. [0026] The Hall element 13 is a non-contact detecting element and is disposed opposite to the inside circumference side of the permanent magnets 11. The Hall element 13 is installed so that when a magnetic field of the north pole or south pole is produced on the sensing face thereof, electromotive force will be produced in response to the magnetic field. When a magnetic field of the north pole is produced, a positive potential is produced. When a magnetic field of the south pole is produced, a negative potential is produced. [0027] The throttle housing 1 is manufactured of a metal material, for example, aluminum die-casting. The throttle body holds the throttle valve 3 in the intake air passage formed in the bore wall portion 2. The throttle housing 1 holds the throttle valve 3 so that the throttle valve 3 can be freely rotated throughout from the fully closed position to the fully open position in the direction of rotation. The throttle housing 1 is fastened and secured on the intake manifold of the engine with fasteners (not shown) such as bolts. [0028] The throttle housing 1 comprises the cylindrical bore wall portion 2 which houses the throttle valve 3 so that the throttle valve 3 can be freely opened and closed; a cylindrical shaft bearing portion (first spring inside circumferential guide) 16 which rotatably supports the right end (one end), as viewed in the figure, of the shaft 4 through a ball bearing 15; a cylindrical shaft bearing portion 18 which rotatably supports the left end (the other end), as viewed in the figure, of the shaft 4 through a dry bearing 17; and a concave gear case 19 which holds the driving motor 5 as an actuator and the mechanical reduction gear. [0029] As illustrated in FIG. 1 and FIGS. 3A and 3B, the first spring inside circumferential guide 16 is integrally formed so that the guide 16 is protruded from the outer wall face of the bore wall portion 2 in the throttle housing 1. That is, the guide 16 is so formed that the guide 16 is protruded from the cylindrical, concave bottom wall face of the gear case 19 to the right as viewed in the figures. The first spring inside circumferential guide 16 holds the inside diameter side of the first spring portion 61 of the coil spring 6. [0030] At the lower part, as viewed in the figures, of the gear case 19, a greatly concave motor housing portion (motor case portion) as compared with a gear housing portion (gear case portion) at the upper part as viewed in the figures is formed. In the center of the upper part, as viewed in the figures, of the gear case 19 of the throttle housing 1, a boss-like fully closed position stopper 21 which protrudes inward is formed. In the fully closed position stopper 21, a fully closed position stopper member (adjust screw) 23 is screwed. The fully closed position stopper member 23 has a locking portion against which a fully closed position stopper portion 22 integrally formed on the valve gear 43 is abutted when the throttle valve 3 is closed to the fully closed position. [0031] Further, on the left side, as viewed in the figures, of the gear case 19 of throttle housing 1, a boss-like intermediate position stopper (housing hook or default stopper) 24 which protrudes inward is formed. In the intermediate position stopper 24, an intermediate stop member (adjust screw) 25 having a locking portion is screwed. The locking portion holds or locks the throttle valve 3 in a predetermined position if current supply to the driving motor 5 is interrupted for some reason. At this time, biasing forces different in direction from the first and second spring portions 61 and 62 of the coil spring 6 are utilized. This predetermined position (intermediate stop position) is an intermediate position between the fully closed position and the fully open position. On the inside circumferential portion of the gear case 19 on the opposite side to the intermediate position stopper 24, a boss-like fully open position stopper 29 which protrudes inward is formed. The fully open position stopper 29 is constructed so that when the throttle valve 3 is opened up to the fully open position, a fully open position stopper portion (not shown) integrally formed on the valve gear 43 is a butted against the stopper 29. [0032] Further, on the open side of the gear case 19 of the throttle housing 1, the sensor cover 26 is installed for closing the open side of the gear case 19. The sensor cover 26 is made of thermoplastic resin which electrically insulates one terminal of the above-mentioned throttle position sensor from another. The sensor cover 26 has a fitted portion to be fitted to a fitting portion formed on the open side of the gear case 19 and is assembled onto the open-side end of the gear case 19 with rivets and screws (not shown). In this embodiment, as illustrated in FIGS. 3A and 3B, a first locking portion 27 for locking one end of the first spring portion 61 of the coil spring 6 is integrally formed on the outer wall face of the bore wall portion 2 in the throttle housing 1. That is, the first locking portion 27 is formed on the cylindrical, concave bottom wall face of the gear case 19. [0033] The throttle valve 3 is made of a metal material or resin material and is formed substantially in disk shape. The throttle valve 3 is a butterfly-type rotary valve which controls the quantity of intake air taken into an engine. The throttle valve 3 is inserted into a valve insertion hole (not shown) formed in the shaft 4 and fastened and secured on the shaft 4 with fasteners 28, such as fastening screws. The shaft 4 has a valve holding portion for holding the throttle valve 3 and is formed of a metal material in round bar shape. Both sides of the valve holding portion are rotatably or slidably supported by the second spring inside circumferential guide 16 and the shaft bearing portion 18. At the right end, as viewed in the figures, of the shaft 4, the valve gear 43, one of the components of the mechanical reduction gear, and the rotor 10, one of the components of the throttle position sensor, are installed. [0034] The driving motor 5 is integrally connected with energizing terminals for motor encased in the gear case 19 and the sensor cover 26, and is a driving source which is actuated when power is applied thereto. The driving motor 5 comprises a field comprising a yoke 31 and the like made of ferrous metal material (magnetic material) having a plurality of permanent magnets 30 held on the inside circumferential surface thereof; a bearing case 32 fixed on the right end, as viewed in the figure, of the yoke 31 by such a fixing means as crimping; an armature rotatably supported in the yoke 31 and the bearing case 32; and a brush 33 for supplying the armature with current. [0035] The armature is a rotor (stator) which comprises a shaft 36 whose left end, as viewed in the figure, is rotatably supported in the bearing holding portion of the yoke 31 through a thrust bearing 34 and whose right side, as viewed in the figure, is rotatably supported in the bearing holding portion of the bearing case 32 through a ball bearing 35; an armature core 38 which is secured on the circumferential surface of the shaft 36 and has an armature coil 37 wound around the outside circumferential surface thereon; a commutator 39 electrically connected with the armature coil 37; and the like. Brushes 33 are slidably held in a brush holder fixed in the bearing case 32. Each brush 33 is constantly pressed by the coil spring (not shown) so that the brush 33 will be in sliding contact with the outside circumferential surface of the commutator 39. [0036] The reduction gear is used to reduce the rotational speed of the driving motor 5 so that a predetermined reduction ratio will be obtained. The reduction gear comprises a pinion 41 fixed on the circumferential surface of the shaft 36 of the driving motor 5; an intermediate reduction gear 42 rotated in engagement with the pinion 41; and the valve gear 43 rotated in engagement with the intermediate reduction gear 42. The reduction gear is a valve driving means which rotatably drives the throttle valve 3 and the shaft 4 thereof. The pinion 41 is a motor gear which is integrally formed of metal material in predetermined shape and is rotated integrally with the shaft 36 of the driving motor 5. [0037] The intermediate reduction gear 42 is formed of resin material in predetermined shape by integral molding. It is rotatably fit onto a support shaft 44 which constitutes the center of rotation. Further, the intermediate reduction gear 42 is provided with a larger-diameter gear 45 to be engaged with the pinion 41 and a smaller-diameter gear 46 to be engaged with the valve gear 43. The pinion 41 and the intermediate reduction gear 42 are a torque transmitting means for transmitting the torque of the driving motor 5 to the valve gear 43. One end (right end as viewed in the figure) of the support shaft 44 in the axial direction is fit into a concave portion formed in the inner wall face of the sensor cover 26. The other end (left end as viewed in the figure) is press-fit into a concave portion formed in the outer wall face of the bore wall portion 2 in the throttle housing 1 and secured there. [0038] The valve gear 43 in this embodiment is formed of resin material in predetermined substantially annular shape by integral molding. On the outside circumferential surface of the valve gear 43, a geared portion 51 to be engaged with the smaller-diameter gear 46 of the intermediate reduction gear 42 is integrally formed. On the outside circumferential portion of the valve gear 43, the fully closed position stopper portion 22 is integrally formed. When the throttle valve 3 is fully closed, the fully closed position stopper portion 22 is locked as a locked portion by the fully closed position stopper member 23. [0039] In the electronically controlled throttle apparatus in this embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 1 and FIGS. 3A and 3B, the one coil spring 6 is installed between the outer wall face (right end face as viewed in the figures) of the bore wall portion 2 in the throttle housing 1 and the left end face, as viewed in the figure, of the valve gear 43. That is, the coil spring 6 is installed between the cylindrical, concave bottom wall face of the gear case 19 and the left end face of the valve gear 43. In the coil spring 6, the joint (midway portion) between the first spring portion 61 having the returning function and the second spring portion 62 having the opening function is bent substantially in the reverse U-shape. Thus, a U-shaped hook portion 63 to be held by the intermediate stop member 25 is formed there. Both the ends of the coil spring 6 are wound in different directions. [0040] Further, on the bore wall portion-side face (left side end face as viewed in the figures) of the valve gear 43, as illustrated in FIG. 1 and FIGS. 3A and 3B, an opener member 52 and a second spring inside circumferential guide 53 are formed by integral molding. The opener member 52 is in round bar shape and rotated integrally with the shaft 4 of the throttle valve 3. The second spring inside circumferential guide 53 is in cylindrical shape and holds the inside diameter side of the second spring portion 62 of the coil spring 6. The opener member 52 and the second spring inside circumferential guide 53 are so formed that they are protruded to the left in the axial direction as viewed in the figures. On the inside diameter side of the second spring inside circumferential guide 53, the rotor 10 made of ferrous metal material (magnetic material) is formed by insert molding. [0041] On the opener member 52, a second locking portion 54 and an engaging portion 55 are formed by integral molding. The second locking portion 54 locks the other end of the second spring portion 62 of the coil spring 6. The engaging portion 55 diseangageably engages with the U-shaped hook portion 63 which is a joint between the first spring portion 61 and the second spring portion 62. In proximity to the engaging portion 55, a plurality of lateral displacement prevention guides 56 are formed by integral molding. These guides 56 arrest the further movement of the U-shaped hook portion 63 of the coil spring 6 in the axial direction (horizontal direction as viewed in the figures). [0042] As illustrated in FIG. 1 and FIGS. 3A and 3B, the second spring inside circumferential guide 53 is disposed on substantially the same axis as the first spring inside circumferential guide 16 which holds the inside diameter side of the first spring portion 61 of the coil spring 6. The second spring inside circumferential guide 53 is disposed so that it has substantially the same outside diameter as the first spring inside circumferential guide 16. Further, the second spring inside circumferential guide 53 is disposed opposite to the first spring inside circumferential guide 16. Thus, the second spring inside circumferential guide 53 holds the inside diameter side portion of the coil spring 6 extending from the first spring portion 61 in proximity to the U-shaped hook portion 63 of the coil spring 6 to the area in proximity to the other end of the second spring portion 62. [0043] The coil spring 6 in this embodiment is one coil spring. In this spring, the first spring portion 61 and the second spring portion 62 are integrated with each other, and one end of the first spring portion 61 and the other end of the second spring portion 62 are wound in different directions. At the joint between the first spring portion 61 and the second spring portion 62, the U-shaped hook portion 63 is formed. If power supply to the driving motor 5 is interrupted for some reason, the U-shaped hook portion 63 is held by the intermediate stop member 25. [0044] The first spring portion 61 is formed by molding a round rod of spring steel in coil shape. The first spring portion 61 is a return spring provided with a returning function. That is, it biases the throttle valve 3 through the opener member 52 in such a direction that the throttle vale 3 is returned from the fully open position to the intermediate stop position. The second spring portion 62 is formed by molding a round rod of spring steel in coil shape. The second spring portion 62 is a default spring provided with an opening function. That is, it biases the throttle valve 3 through the opener member 52 in such a direction that the throttle valve 3 is returned from the fully closed position to the intermediate stop position. [0045] On one end of the first spring portion 61, a spring body-side hook (first locked portion) 64 is formed. The spring body-side hook 64 is locked or held by the first locking portion 27 integrally formed on the outer wall face of the bore wall portion 2 in the throttle housing 1. On the other end of the second spring portion 62, a spring gear-side hook (second locked portion) 65 is formed. The spring gear-side hook 65 is locked or held by the second locking portion 54 of the opener member 52. [0046] In the electronically controlled throttle apparatus in this embodiment, as illustrated in FIGS. 4A to 4D, a lubricant 7 and 8 is applied to or a coating of a lubricant 7 and 8 is provided to a predetermined area. This area is a predetermined part of an area of sliding contact between the inside circumferential surface of the coil spring 6 extending from vicinity of the U-shaped hook portion 63 which is the joint between the first spring portion 61 and the second spring portion 62 of the coil spring 6 to the other end of the second spring portion 62 and the outside circumferential surface of the second spring inside circumferential guide 53 integrally formed on the valve gear 43. The lubricant 7 and 8 is for reducing the sliding resistance in relative motion between the inside circumferential surface of the portion of the coil spring 6 in proximity to the U-shaped hook portion 63 and the second spring portion 62 and the outside circumferential surface of the second spring inside circumferential guide 53. [0047] For the lubricant 7 and 8, it is preferable that the following one or more low-sliding resistance materials should be used: ethylene tetrafluoride resin (PTFE), fluorocarbon resin (FEP, ETFE, PVDF, PCTFE), and polyamide resin. Further, the above predetermined part may be covered with a reinforcing material, such as alamido fibers. Furthermore, any one or more lubricants of oil lubricant, semi-solid lubricant (grease), and solid lubricant may be applied to the above predetermined part. [0048] It is assumed that the throttle valve 3 is opened from the intermediate stop position when the electronically controlled throttle apparatus is normally operating. When the driver depresses the accelerator pedal, an accelerator position signal is inputted from the accelerator position sensor to the ECU. The driving motor 5 is energized by the ECU and the shaft 36 of the driving motor 5 is rotated so that the throttle valve 3 will be brought into a predetermined opening. As a result of rotation of the shaft 36, the pinion 41 is rotated counterclockwise as viewed in FIG. 2, and torque is transmitted to the larger-diameter gear 45 of the intermediate reduction gear 42. With the rotation of the larger-diameter gear 45, the smaller-diameter gear 46 is rotated about the support shaft 44 clockwise as viewed in FIG. 2. As a result, the valve gear 43 having the geared portion 51 in engagement with the smaller-diameter gear 46 is rotated. [0049] At this time, the engaging portion 55 of the opener member 52 presses the U-shaped hook portion 63 formed at the joint between the first spring portion 61 and the second spring portion 62 of the coil spring 6 against biasing force from the first spring portion 61 having the returning function. As the valve gear 43 is rotated in the open direction at this time, the spring body-side hook 64 produces biasing force. This biasing force is produced at the first spring portion 61 locked or held by the first locking portion 27 integrally formed on the outer wall face of the bore wall portion 2 in the throttle housing 1. The biasing force biases the throttle valve 3 through the opener member 52 in such a direction that the throttle valve 3 is returned from the fully open position to the intermediate stop position. [0050] As a result, the valve gear 43 is rotated about the shaft 4 counterclockwise as viewed in FIG. 2. Therefore, the shaft 4 is rotated by a predetermined rotational angle, and the throttle valve 3 is rotationally driven in such a direction that the throttle valve 3 is opened from the intermediate stop position to the fully open position (open direction). Biasing force from the second spring portion 62 having the opening function does not involve this rotation of the throttle valve 3 in the open direction. The opener member 52 is kept in a state in which the opener member 52 is sandwiched between the joint-side end of the second spring portion 62 and the spring gear-side hook 65. [0051] It is assumed next that the throttle valve 3 is conversely closed from the intermediate stop position when the electronically controlled throttle apparatus is normally operating. When the driver releases the accelerator pedal, the throttle valve 3, the shaft 4 thereof, and the valve gear 43 are rotated in the reverse direction by the reverse rotation of the driving motor 5. [0052] At this time, the second locking portion 54 of the opener member 52 presses spring gear-side hook 65 of the second spring portion 62 against biasing force from the second spring portion 62 having the opening function. As the valve gear 43 is rotated in the closing direction at this time, the spring gear-side hook 65 produces biasing force. This biasing force is produced at the second spring portion 62 locked or held by the second locking portion 54 of the opener member 52. The biasing force energizes the throttle valve 3 through the opener member 52 in such a direction that the throttle valve 3 is returned from the fully closed position to the intermediate stop position. [0053] As a result, the valve gear 43 is rotated about the shaft 4 clockwise as viewed in FIG. 2. Therefore, the shaft 4 is rotated by a predetermined rotational angle, and the throttle valve 3 is rotationally driven in such a direction that the throttle valve 3 is closed from the intermediate stop position to the fully closed position. That is, the throttle valve 3 is rotationally driven in the closing direction which is opposite to the open direction of the throttle valve 3. As a result, the fully closed position stopper portion 22 formed on the outside circumferential portion of the valve gear 43 by integral molding is abutted against the fully closed position stopper member 23. Thereby, the throttle valve 3 is held in the fully closed position. Biasing force from the first spring portion 61 having the returning function does not involve this rotation of the throttle valve 3 in the closing direction. The direction of current passed through the driving motor 5 is reversed with the intermediate stop position taken as the border. [0054] The electronically controlled throttle apparatus operates as follows, if current supply to the driving motor 5 is interrupted for some reason. At this time, with the opener member 52 sandwiched between the joint-side end of the second spring portion 62 and the spring gear-side hook 65, the engaging portion 55 of the opener member 52 is abutted against the U-shaped hook portion 63 of the coil spring 6. This is done by biasing force from the returning function of the first spring portion 61. This biasing force biases the throttle valve 3 through the opener member 52 in such a direction that the throttle valve 3 is returned from the fully open position to the intermediate stop position. [0055] Biasing force from the opening function of the second spring portion 62 also involves the above abutting action. This biasing force energizes the throttle valve 3 through the opener member 52 in such a direction that the throttle valve 3 is returned from the fully closed position to the intermediate stop position. Thus, the throttle valve 3 is held in the intermediate stop position without fail. Therefore, if current supply to the driving motor 5 is interrupted for some reason, the vehicle can be driven to a turnout. [0056] The electronically controlled throttle apparatus in this embodiment adopts a coil spring structure. This spring structure is intended to reduce the number of parts in an opener mechanism for the simplification of construction and to enhance the accuracy of the opening angle of the throttle valve 3 in the intermediate stop position. In this structure, the joint between the first spring portion 61 having the returning function and the second spring portion 62 having the opening function is bent substantially in the reverse U-shape. Thus, the U-shaped hook portion 63 which is fixed by the intermediate position stopper 24 (intermediate stop member 25) fixed on the throttle housing 1 is formed. The ends of the coil spring are wound in different directions. [0057] When the throttle valve 3 is opened from the intermediate stop position, the following operation takes place. As illustrated in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the spring body-side hook 64 on the side of the bore wall portion 2 in the throttle housing (throttle body) 1 is locked or held by the first locking portion 27 of the bore wall portion 2 in the throttle housing 1. The U-shaped hook portion 63 of the coil spring 6 is rotated together with the spring gear-side hook 65. Thus, the first spring portion 61 produces biasing force which energizes the throttle valve 3 through the opener member 52 in such a direction that the throttle valve 3 is returned from the fully open position to the intermediate stop position. [0058] At this time, the first spring inside circumferential guide 16 integrally formed on the bore wall portion 2 in the throttle housing 1 which guide 16 presses the inside diameter portion of the first spring portion 61 of the coil spring 6 does not make large relative motion relative to the inside circumferential surface of the first spring portion 61 of the coil spring 6. At this time, the U-shaped hook portion 63 of the coil spring 6, the engaging portion 55 of the opener member 52 and a plurality of lateral displacement prevention guides 56 formed integrally with the valve gear 43 move integrally with one another. Therefore, relative motion does not occur between the U-shaped hook portion 63 and the opener member 52. [0059] When the throttle valve 3 is closed from the intermediate stop position, the following operation takes place. As illustrated in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the U-shaped hook portion 63 of the coil spring 6 is fixed by the locking portion of the intermediate stop member (housing hook) 25 fixed in the throttle housing 1. The opener member 52 is rotated together with the spring gear-side hook 65. Thus, the second spring portion 62 produces biasing force which energizes the throttle valve 3 through the opener member 52 in such a direction that the throttle valve 3 is returned from the fully closed position to the intermediate stop position. [0060] At this time, the second spring inside circumferential guide 53 which is integrally formed on the valve gear 43 which presses the inside diameter portion of the second spring portion 62 of the coil spring 6 makes large relative motion relative to the inside circumferential surface of the second spring portion 62 of the coil spring 6. At this time, relative motion also takes place between the U-shaped hook portion 63 of the coil spring 6 and the engaging portion 55 of the opener member 52 integrally formed on the valve gear 43. Further, relative motion also takes place between the U-shaped hook portion 63 and a plurality of lateral displacement prevention guides 56. As a result, sliding resistance is increased. [0061] Therefore, when the throttle valve 3 is closed from the intermediate stop position, relative motion takes place between the outside circumferential surface of the second spring inside circumferential guide 53 integrally formed on the valve gear 43 and the inside circumferential surface of the second spring portion 62 of the coil spring 6. Thus, throttle valve may become in operative due to great sliding resistance in the relative motion. [0062] To cope with this, in the electronically controlled throttle apparatus in this embodiment, a lubricant 7 and 8 is applied to or a coating of a lubricant 7 and 8 is provided to a predetermined area. As illustrated in FIGS. 4A to 4D, this area is a predetermined part of an area of sliding contact between the inside circumferential surface of the coil spring 6 extending from the vicinity of the U-shaped hook portion 63 of the coil spring 6 to the other end of the second spring portion 62 and the outside circumferential surface of the second spring inside circumferential guide 53 integrally formed on the valve gear 43. [0063] The lubricant 7 and 8 is for reducing the sliding resistance in relative motion between the inside circumferential surface of the coil spring 6 and the outside circumferential surface of the second spring inside circumferential guide 53. Thus, sliding resistance in relative motion between the outside circumferential surface of the second spring inside circumferential guide 53 and the inside circumferential surface of the coil spring 6 can be significantly reduced. [0064] A lubricant may be applied to a predetermined part of an area of sliding contact between the inside circumferential surface of the coil spring 6 in proximity to the U-shaped hook portion 63 and the outside circumferential surface of the second spring inside circumferential guide 53. This lubricant is for reducing the sliding resistance in relative motion between the U-shaped hook portion 63 of the coil spring 6 and the outside circumferential surface of the second spring inside circumferential guide 53. Further, a lubricant may be applied to a predetermine part of an area of sliding contact between the U-shaped hook portion 63 and the engaging portion 55 of the opener member 52. This lubricant is for reducing the sliding resistance in relative motion between the U-shaped hook portion 63 and the engaging portion 55. [0065] Furthermore, a lubricant may be applied to a predetermined part of an area of sliding contact between the U-shaped hook portion 63 and the lateral displacement prevention guides 56 of the opener member 52. This lubricant is for reducing the sliding resistance in relative motion between the U-shaped hook portion 63 and the lateral displacement prevention guides 56. Thus, the throttle valve 3, the shaft 4, and the valve gear 43 can be smoothly operated. [0066] As a result, the following effects are produced: the number of parts can be reduced to simplify the construction, and further the accuracy of the opening angle of the throttle valve 3 in the intermediate stop position can be enhanced. In addition, the inoperativeness of the throttle valve 3, the shaft 4, or the valve gear 43 which may occur when the throttle valve 3 is closed from the intermediate stop position can be significantly reduced. Further, the durability of the coil spring 6 and the second spring inside circumferential guide 53 on the side of the valve gear 43 can be significantly enhanced. Second Embodiment [0067] In the second embodiment, one coil spring 6 is installed on the valve gear 43 on the side opposite the throttle valve 3. In the coil spring 6, the joint (midway portion) between the first spring portion 61 having the returning function and the second spring portion 62 having the opening function is bent substantially in the reverse U-shape. Thus, a U-shaped hook portion 63 to be held by the intermediate stop member 25 is formed there. Both ends of the coil spring 6 are wound in different directions. [0068] The spring body-side hook (first locked portion) 64 of the first spring portion 61 is locked or held by the first locking portion 71 integrally formed on the throttle housing 1. The spring gear-side hook (second locked portion) 65 of the second spring portion 62 is locked or held by the second locking portion 72 of the opener member 52 of the valve gear 43. [0069] The first spring inside circumferential guide 73 on the throttle housing 1 side holds the inside diameter side of the first spring portion 61 of the coil spring 6. The second spring inside circumferential guide 74 on the valve gear 43 side holds the inside diameter side of the coil spring 6 extending from the first spring portion 61 in proximity to the U-shaped hook portion 63 of the coil spring 6 to the vicinity of the other end of the second spring portion 62. [0070] In the electronically controlled throttle apparatus in the second embodiment as well, the same effects as in the first embodiment can be produced by taking appropriate measures. Such measures include a coating of a low-sliding resistance member provided to a predetermined area. This predetermined area is a predetermine part of an area of sliding contact between the inside circumferential surface of the coil spring 6 in proximity to the U-shaped hook portion 63 and the second spring portion 62 and the outside circumferential surface of the second spring inside circumferential guide 74 integrally formed on the valve gear 43. This low-sliding resistance member (e.g. PTFE, such lubricant as grease) is for reducing the sliding resistance in relative motion between the inside circumferential surface of the coil spring 6 and the outside circumferential surface of the second spring inside circumferential guide 74. Alternatively, the predetermined part may be covered with a reinforcing material, such as alamido fibers. The predetermined part may be integrally formed of a low-sliding resistance material. [0071] As in the first embodiment, a lubricant may be applied to a predetermined part of an area of sliding contact between the inside circumferential surface of the coil spring 6 in proximity to the U-shaped hook portion 63 and the outside circumferential surface of the second spring inside circumferential guide 74. This lubricant is for reducing the sliding resistance in relative motion between the inside circumferential surface of the U-shaped hook portion 63 of the coil spring 6 and the outside circumferential surface of the second spring inside circumferential guide 74. [0072] Further, a lubricant may be applied to a predetermined part of an area of sliding contact between the U-shaped hook portion 63 and the engaging portion 55 of the opener member 52. This lubricant is for reducing the sliding resistance in relative motion between the U-shaped hook portion 63 and the engaging portion 55 of the opener member 52. Furthermore, a lubricant may be applied to a predetermined part of an area of sliding contact between the U-shaped hook portion 63 and the lateral displacement prevention guides 56 of the opener member 52. This lubricant is for reducing the sliding resistance in relative motion between the U-shaped hook portion 63 and the lateral displacement prevention guides 56. Third Embodiment [0073] On the bore wall portion-side face (left side end face as viewed in the figure) of the valve gear 43 in this embodiment, the opener member 52 and the second spring inside circumferential guide are formed by integral molding. The opener member 52 is in round bar shape and rotated integrally with the shaft 4 of the throttle valve 3. The second spring inside circumferential guide is in cylindrical shape and holds the inside diameter side of the second spring portion 62 of the coil spring 6. The opener member 52 and the second spring inside circumferential guide are so formed that they are protruded to the left as viewed in the figure. In general, the valve gear 43 made of metal material with the rotor 10 formed by insert molding is formed in predetermined shape by integral molding. To ensure the strength, the valve gear 43 is formed of heat-resistant resin, such as poly (phenylene sulfide) (PPS), or heat-resistant reinforced resin, such as poly (butylene terephthalate) (PBT), reinforced with glass fibers. [0074] The second spring inside circumferential guide in this embodiment comprises a first guide member 57, cylindrical in shape, which is protruded from the bore wall portion-side face (left side end face as viewed in the figure) of the valve gear 43 to the other end (to the left as viewed in the figure) in the axial direction and further has the rotor 10 formed by insert molding on the inside circumferential portion thereof; a second guide member 58, cylindrical in shape, which covers the entire outside circumferential portion of the first guide member 57; and the like. [0075] The second guide member 58 is integrally formed of a material which allows reduction in sliding resistance in relative motion between the inside circumferential surface of the coil spring 6 and the outside circumferential surface of the second guide member 58. The materials usable for the second guide member 58 include non-reinforced resins which are not reinforced with glass fibers, resin materials having a lubricating function mixed with ethylene tetrafluoride resin (PTFE) or fluorocarbon resin (FEP, ETFE, PVDF, PCTFE), and resin materials such as phenolic resin (PF). [0076] The first guide member 57 formed on the valve gear 43 by integral molding is molded from the same heat-resistant reinforced resin reinforced with glass fibers as for the valve gear 43. Therefore, glass fibers are contained in the outside circumferential portion (surface layer) of the first guide member 57. As a result, when the outside circumferential surface of the first guide member 57 and the inside circumferential surface of the coil spring 6 are brought into direct sliding contact with each other, a problem may arise. The sliding resistance in relative motion between the outside circumferential surface of the first guide member 57 and the inside circumferential surface of the coil spring 6 is increased. [0077] To cope with this, the second guide member 58 formed of heat-resistant reinforced resin is formed on the outside circumferential surface of the first guide member 57 by integral molding. Thus, the sliding resistance in relative motion between the outside circumferential surface of the second spring inside circumferential guide 53 and the inside circumferential surface of the coil spring 6 can be significantly reduced. As a result, the same effects as in the first embodiment can be produced. Fourth Embodiment [0078] In this embodiment, the second guide member 58, cylindrical in shape, which is molded separately from the valve gear 43 is fit onto the outside circumferential surface of the first guide member 57, cylindrical in shape, formed on the left side end face, as viewed in the figures, of the valve gear 43 by integral molding. Thus, the shape of the valve gear 43 can be simplified, and the structure of the second guide member can be implemented with ease. As a result, productivity can be enhanced. Fifth Embodiment [0079] As shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B, the second spring inside circumferential guide (guide member) 53 is formed on the bore wall portion-side face (left side end face as viewed in the figures) of the valve gear 43 by integral molding so that the guide 53 is protruded to the left as viewed in the figures in the axial direction. In this embodiment, on the outside circumferential portion of the second spring inside circumferential guide (guide member) 53, projected portions 59 and recessed portions 60 are integrally formed. The projected portions 59 and recessed portions 60 alternate at equal intervals in the circumferential direction (like a gear wheel). [0080] Thus, the area of contact between the outside circumferential surface of the second spring inside circumferential guide 53 and the inside circumferential surface of the second spring portion 62 of the coil spring 6 is reduced. Also, the area of contact between the outside circumferential surface of the second spring inside circumferential guide 53 and the inside circumferential surface of the coil spring 6 in proximity to the U-shaped hook portion 63 is reduced. Therefore, the sliding resistance in relative motion between the inside circumferential surface of the coil spring 6 and the outside circumferential surface of the second spring inside circumferential guide 53 can be significantly reduced. As a result, the same effects as in the first embodiment can be produced. [0081] The fifth embodiment is advantageous in that not only the sliding resistance between the coil spring 6 and the guide member 53 is reduced by the recessed portions 60 but also wear powders produced by the sliding contact between the coil spring 6 and the guide member 53 are discharged through the recessed portions 60. Other Embodiments [0082] In the third to the fifth embodiments, it is preferred to apply a lubricant at an area of sliding contact between the coil spring 6 and the guide member 58. [0083] In the above embodiments, a lubricant 7 and 8 or a low-sliding resistance member is applied to or a coating thereof is given to a predetermined part of an area of sliding contact between the inside circumferential surface of the second spring portion 62 of the coil spring 6 and the outside circumferential surface of the second spring inside circumferential guide 53 or 74 integrally formed on the valve gear 43. This lubricant or member is for reducing the sliding resistance in relative motion between the inside circumferential surface of the coil spring 6 and the outside circumferential surface of the second spring inside circumferential guide 53 or 74. [0084] Alternatively, a lubricant may be applied to the entire coil spring 6 (for example, both the inside diameter portion and the outside diameter portion thereof). This lubricant is for reducing the sliding resistance in relative motion between the inside circumferential surface of the coil spring 6 and the outside circumferential surface of the second spring inside circumferential guide 53 or 74. [0085] For lubricant, a coating, grease, or the like of ethylene tetrafluoride resin (PTFE) is easy to handle and is favorable. Alternatively, a thin film material impregnated with the lubricant may be placed at the above predetermined part. The coil spring 6 or the second spring inside circumferential guide 53 or 74 itself may be formed of a low-sliding resistance material (PTFE, reinforcing material such as alamido fiber). This material is for reducing the sliding resistance in relative motion between the inside circumferential surface of the coil spring 6 and the outside circumferential surface of the second spring inside circumferential guide 53 or 74. [0086] In the above embodiments, a Hall element 13 is used as a non-contact detecting element. Alternatively, a Hall IC, a magnetic resistance element, or the like may be used as a non-contact detecting element. In the above embodiments, split permanent magnets 11 are used as a source of magnetic fields. Alternatively, a cylindrical permanent magnet may be used as a source of magnetic fields. [0087] Other variations and modifications are also possible without departing from the spirit of the invention. Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS3704635 *Jun 1, 1971Dec 5, 1972Eshelman Phillip VThrottle return spring redundancy systemUS4625943 *Nov 5, 1984Dec 2, 1986Dr. Ing. H.C.F. Porsche AktiengesellschaftPivotal closing memberUS4873957 *Feb 17, 1988Oct 17, 1989Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki KaishaThrottle valve control apparatusUS4880207 *Mar 1, 1988Nov 14, 1989Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki KaishaIntake throttle valve return device of engineUS5492097 *Sep 30, 1994Feb 20, 1996General Motors CorporationThrottle body default actuationUS5509396 *Apr 12, 1994Apr 23, 1996Hitachi, Ltd. And Hitachi Automotive Engineering Co., Ltd.Throttle valve actuating apparatus for use in internal combustion engineUS5685521 *Apr 8, 1996Nov 11, 1997Hadsys, Inc.Throttle valve control deviceUS5762044 *Mar 2, 1995Jun 9, 1998Ford Motor CompanyThrottle valve return mechanism for engine throttle valveUS6173939 *Nov 10, 1999Jan 16, 2001Ford Global Technologies, Inc.Electronic throttle control system with two-spring failsafe mechanismUS20030078923 *May 31, 2001Apr 24, 2003Douglas VossGeneralized method for modeling complex ordered check constraints in a relational database system* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS6912994 *Oct 14, 2003Jul 5, 2005Denso CorporationElectronically controlled throttle control apparatusUS7503309 *May 15, 2007Mar 17, 2009Denso CorporationThrottle control apparatusUS8746209 *May 19, 2011Jun 10, 2014Denso CorporationThrottle apparatus for internal combustion engineUS20040129253 *Oct 14, 2003Jul 8, 2004Naomi OzekiElectronically controlled throttle control apparatusUS20080011269 *May 15, 2007Jan 17, 2008Denso CorporationThrottle control apparatusUS20110283970 *Nov 24, 2011Aisan Kogyo Kabushiki KaishaThrottle apparatus for internal combustion engineWO2011037287A1 *Sep 25, 2009Mar 31, 2011Korea Polytechnic University Industrial Academic FoundationFail safety actuator* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification123/399International ClassificationF02D9/02, F02D11/10Cooperative ClassificationF02D11/10European ClassificationF02D11/10Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionOct 16, 2003ASAssignmentOwner name: DENSO CORPORATION, JAPANFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:TORII, KATSUYA;MIYAZAKI, SHINSUKE;ARAI, MASATO;REEL/FRAME:014617/0517Effective date: 20031002Sep 15, 2008REMIMaintenance fee reminder mailedMar 8, 2009LAPSLapse for failure to pay maintenance feesApr 28, 2009FPExpired due to failure to pay maintenance feeEffective date: 20090308RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services


text:
High School Debut 1 (Paperback) - Overstock Shopping - Great Deals on Comics and Graphic Novels
Great Place High School (Paperback)
Seiho Boys' High School 2 (Paperback)

type: global

value: This website is an American internet retailer selling primarily furniture headquartered in Midvale, Utah, near Salt Lake City.


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Book Quality Inn & Suites, Mooresville from $80/night - Hotels.comEnglish (United States)Book online or call 800-246-8357This call is free. 24 hours a day; 7 days a week.HotelsHotel DealsPackages & FlightsGroupsGift CardsHelpWebsite feedbackSign in & AccountSign inCreate an accountYour bookingsReview a hotelHotels.com® RewardsYour bookingsJump toOverviewRoom choicesMapReviewsHotel informationLowest price: $80Book NowHotelsUnited States of America HotelsNorth Carolina HotelsMooresville HotelsQuality Inn & SuitesAll hotels in Mooresville, North Carolina, United States of America1 room, 2 adultsDestination, hotel, landmark or addressCheck inCheck out Rooms123456789+Room 1:Adults12345678Aged 18+Children01230-17Age at check in:Child 1:-?-<11234567891011121314151617SearchYou can collect Hotels.com® Rewards nights hereQuality Inn & Suites, Mooresville2.5 stars138 Norman Station Blvd, Exit 36, I-77, Mooresville, NC, 28115, United States of AmericaLowest price$80Price GuaranteePrice Guarantee on hotel bookings. If you find a better price on exactly the same stay, we’ll either match it or give you a coupon. Click below for details.Jump to:OverviewRoom choicesMapReviewsHotel informationLobbyLobbyLobbyLobbyLobbyGuestroomGuestroomGuestroomGuestroomGuestroomGuestroomGuestroomGuestroomGuestroomGuestroomGuestroomGuestroomGuestroomGuestroomGuestroomGuestroomPoolBreakfast AreaRestaurantRestaurantRestaurantRestaurantRestaurantExteriorExterior[1/31]Flag this image1 - Quality Inn & Suites, Mooresville2 - Quality Inn & Suites, Mooresville, Lobby3 - Quality Inn & Suites, Mooresville, Lobby4 - Quality Inn & Suites, Mooresville, Lobby5 - Quality Inn & Suites, Mooresville, Lobby6 - Quality Inn & Suites, Mooresville, Lobby7 - Quality Inn & Suites, Mooresville, Guestroom8 - Quality Inn & Suites, Mooresville, Guestroom9 - Quality Inn & Suites, Mooresville, Guestroom10 - Quality Inn & Suites, Mooresville, Guestroom11 - Quality Inn & Suites, Mooresville, Guestroom12 - Quality Inn & Suites, Mooresville, Guestroom13 - Quality Inn & Suites, Mooresville, Guestroom14 - Quality Inn & Suites, Mooresville, Guestroom15 - Quality Inn & Suites, Mooresville, Guestroom16 - Quality Inn & Suites, Mooresville, Guestroom17 - Quality Inn & Suites, Mooresville, Guestroom18 - Quality Inn & Suites, Mooresville, Guestroom19 - Quality Inn & Suites, Mooresville, Guestroom20 - Quality Inn & Suites, Mooresville, Guestroom21 - Quality Inn & Suites, Mooresville, Guestroom22 - Quality Inn & Suites, Mooresville, Guestroom23 - Quality Inn & Suites, Mooresville, Pool24 - Quality Inn & Suites, Mooresville, Breakfast Area25 - Quality Inn & Suites, Mooresville, Restaurant26 - Quality Inn & Suites, Mooresville, Restaurant27 - Quality Inn & Suites, Mooresville, Restaurant28 - Quality Inn & Suites, Mooresville, Restaurant29 - Quality Inn & Suites, Mooresville, Restaurant30 - Quality Inn & Suites, Mooresville, Exterior31 - Quality Inn & Suites, Mooresville, ExteriorNo-frills Mooresville guestrooms with balconies Free buffet breakfast, free WiFi, and free parking Main amenities74 guestroomsSeasonal outdoor poolAir conditioningFront desk safeLaundry serviceMeeting roomsFor familiesCribs/infant beds (surcharge)Rollaway/extra beds (surcharge)MicrowaveRefrigeratorConnecting/adjoining rooms availableLaundry facilitiesWhat’s aroundIn Lake NormanNorth Carolina Auto Racing Hall of Fame (0.8 mi / 1.3 km)NC Auto Racing Hall of Fame (0.8 mi / 1.3 km)George Pappas' Victory Lanes (1.1 mi / 1.7 km)Benchwarmers Sports Complex (1.3 mi / 2 km)Memory Lane Museum (1.7 mi / 2.8 km)See mapGood3.4 / 5RoomRoom is all rightLocationGreat location122See all 122 Hotels.com reviewsTripAdvisor Traveller Rating: 3From 74 reviewsTripAdvisor Traveller RatingEmailSaveShareHotels.com® RewardsBook this hotel and collect nights after your stayQuality Inn & Suites, Mooresville from $80Destination, hotel, landmark or addressCheck inCheck out Rooms123456789+Room 1:Adults12345678Aged 18+Children01230-17Age at check in:Child 1:-?-<11234567891011121314151617Check availability Standard Room, 1 King Bed, SmokingStandard Room, 1 King Bed, Non SmokingStandard Room, 2 Double BedsStandard Double Room, 2 Double Beds, SmokingCheck availability More great choicesSee all hotels in MooresvilleList viewMap viewSee all hotels in MooresvilleAt a glanceKey factsHotel sizeThis hotel has 74 roomsThis hotel is arranged over 2 floorsArriving/leavingCheck-in time 3 PM-midnightCheck-out time is 11 AMRequired at check inCredit card or cash deposit required
Free WiFi in roomsTransportationParkingFree self parkingSee mapAlso known asQuality Inn MooresvilleQuality MooresvillePoliciesThe property has connecting/adjoining rooms, which are subject to availability and can be requested by contacting the property using the number on the booking confirmation. Optional extrasRollaway beds are available for USD 10 per nightCribs/Infant beds are available for USD 10 per nightNearby Two Star Mooresville hotelsHampton Inn Suites Mooresville2.5 starsOutstanding4.6 / 5From $99TownePlace Suites by Marriott Mooresville2.5 starsExcellent4.5 / 5From $99Candlewood Suites Mooresville2.5 starsExcellent4.5 / 5From $85Microtel Inn by Wyndham Cornelius/Lake Norman2 starsFair2.2 / 5From $55See more Two Star Mooresville hotelsIn the hotelFood and drinkFree buffet breakfastThings to doOutdoor seasonal poolPersonal motorized watercraft on siteGolfing nearbyWorking awayMeeting roomsServicesDry cleaning/laundry serviceLaundry facilitiesFacilitiesNumber of buildings/towers - 1Safe-deposit box at front deskIn the roomHome comfortsIn-room climate control (air conditioning)Air conditioningCoffee/tea makerIron/ironing boardThings to enjoyBalconyFreshen upHair dryerBe entertainedPay movies Cable TV channels Stay connectedDeskFree WiFiFree local callsFood and drinkRefrigeratorMicrowaveMoreWeekly housekeeping providedConnecting/adjoining rooms availableTop Mooresville hotelsAffordable Corporate Suites2 starsOutstanding5.0 / 5From $79Hampton Inn Lincolnton2.5 starsOutstanding4.8 / 5From $127Drury Inn & Suites Charlotte Northlake3 starsOutstanding4.7 / 5From $95Hampton Inn & Suites Huntersville2.5 starsOutstanding4.7 / 5From $119Recently reviewed hotels in MooresvilleSleep Inn2 starsExcellent4.1 / 5From $66"Walk to everything nice area quiet. Close to highway "Dec 24, 2016Country Inn & Suites- Charlotte Airport2.5 starsGood3.4 / 5From $67"perfect for what we needed. free shuttle to the airport was great. staff was friendly and room was clean."Dec 20, 2016Hilton Garden Inn Charlotte-Concord3 starsOutstanding4.6 / 5From $119"Check-in was quick and the front desk staff are friendly and eager to please. They have complimentary water, tea, and coffee arranged nicely in the lobby. Our room was nice and…"Dec 20, 2016Home2 Suites by Hilton Charlotte University Research Park3 starsExcellent4.3 / 5"I enjoyed the hotel. It is fresh, clean and convenient. It has great amenities, a very good breakfast and friendly staff. The only downside is traffic noice and I'd recommend…"Dec 12, 2016Nearby hotelsHoliday Inn Express Hotel & Suites Mooresville - Lake Norman2.5 starsExcellent4.2 / 5From $90Fairfield Inn by Marriott Charlotte Mooresville2.5 starsExcellent4.3 / 5From $79Days Inn Mooresville Lake Norman2 starsFair2.7 / 5From $65Baymont Inn & Suites Mooresville2 starsGood3.2 / 5From $85Also popular with travelers from the USASee all hotels in MooresvilleList viewMap viewSee all hotels in MooresvilleQuality Inn & Suites, Mooresville’s small printAlso known asQuality Inn MooresvilleQuality MooresvillePoliciesThe property has connecting/adjoining rooms, which are subject to availability and can be requested by contacting the property using the number on the booking confirmation. Optional extrasRollaway beds are available for USD 10 per nightCribs/Infant beds are available for USD 10 per nightWe have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.Recent reviewsGood 3.4 /5 from 122 reviewsQuality Inn & Suites, MooresvilleGood3.0 / 5Convenience and valueGood value for the price. lots of restaurants close by. We just walked across the street for supper.Oct 29, 2016Genuine Hotels.com guest reviewA Traveler, us1 night business tripQuality Inn & Suites, MooresvilleGood3.0 / 5room entry problemsAug 18, 2016Genuine Hotels.com guest reviewRandolph, us3 night family tripQuality Inn & Suites, MooresvilleOutstanding5.0 / 5MahvaellousVery convenient location. Fair price for clean comfortable room and breakfast the next morning.Jul 3, 2016Genuine Hotels.com guest reviewphil, us1 night romance tripQuality Inn & Suites, MooresvilleOutstanding5.0 / 5quick one-night getawaybasic economy motel, but very clean and good service. free breakfast, but can't comment because we slept through that. only about a ten minute drive from queen's landing on lake norman, where there are dinner cruises on a riverboat or yacht. bed was comfortable.Jul 14, 2016Genuine Hotels.com guest reviewLinda, us1 night trip with friendsQuality Inn & Suites, MooresvillePoor1.0 / 5Gross do not stay hereChecked in and immediately checked out once we saw the room. This hotel was so dirty we could not even stay there. There was a booger on the wall and black mold in the shower, who knows what the bed was like. One word..GROSSMay 27, 2016Genuine Hotels.com guest reviewTimothy, us1 night family tripSee all reviewsQuality Inn & Suites, MooresvilleIs the description of this hotel not correct? Tell usChoose one of the following to unlock Secret Prices and pay less on select hotels.EmailSign up for our latest offersHotels.com appDownload the app and book on the goHotels.com® RewardsJoin now to collect 10 nights, get 1 free*Top DestinationsHotels in New York, New YorkHotels in Las Vegas, NevadaHotels in Chicago, IllinoisHotels in San Francisco, CaliforniaHotels in Washington, District of ColumbiaHotels in Boston, MassachusettsHotels in San Diego, CaliforniaHotels in Orlando, FloridaHotels in London, United KingdomHotels in New Orleans, LouisianaHotels in Los Angeles, CaliforniaHotels in San Antonio, TexasHotels in Paris, FranceHotels in Seattle, WashingtonHotels in Atlanta, GeorgiaHotels in Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaHotels in Austin, TexasHotels in Atlantic City, New JerseyHotels in Rome, ItalyHotels in Myrtle Beach, South CarolinaHotels in Dallas, TexasHotels in Houston, TexasHotels in Denver, ColoradoHotels in Miami, FloridaSupport & FAQsYour bookingsFAQsContact usWebsite feedbackReview a hotelFor Suppliers, Affiliates and the MediaAdd HotelAffiliate with usPrivate LabelPromote with UsTravel AgentsPress OfficeUser Terms and Privacy PolicyTerms & ConditionsPrivacy PolicyCookie PolicyAbout our adsAbout UsJobsTravel GuidesTop 50 CitiesAll countriesAll hotelsSite index© 2017 Hotels.com, L.P. 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Amazon.co.uk: harlequinn55's review of Fairytale Food: Enchanting recipes to brin...
Gorgeous boook, 7 Feb. 2014
By harlequinn55
Really lovely book with gorgeous illustrations and easy to follow recipes, I was worried it would be a small book but it is a good size and full to busting with good recipes :D
Gorgeous boook
Top Reviewer Ranking: 734,927

value: This website is an American multinational technology company which focuses on e-commerce, cloud computing, digital streaming, and artificial intelligence.


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Hellmann's with Olive Oil Mayonnaise Dressing, 30 oz - Walmart.com
Average rating:3.7983out of5stars, based on119reviews119 reviews
Walmart # 9278757
I did not realize that your Hellmann's Mayonnaise with olive oil contained soybean oil when I purchased it. Aside from soy being a terrible oil, the tuna salad made with it became very runny after a few hours. I threw the jar away...a complete waste of money. Prior to this purchase, I have always enjoyed your products.
tedechef, May 30, 2018
More soy than olive oil
I find it difficult to read labels in a store, so I bought the Olive Oil Dressing. I was so disappointed to see soy in it, and more of that than the olive oil, even though the label touts the olive oil. I'll throw mine out since I'm not supposed to eat soy.
goldenmargaret, May 26, 2018
Exactly how little olive oil?
So what are we talking about here? A pound of GMO soybean oil and a teaspoon of olive oil? Be honest with your labels!
a002074t, April 24, 2018
Priceworthy?
Hellmanns has always been a top quality Mayo...no after taste...many have an oily aftertaste after it has been eaten. It combines well with other ingredients, and stays that way....will not "oil" up on you if the dish has been sitting for any length of time. The Olive Oil gives it a much smoother taste.....I, personally, prefer Olive oil over most, if not all othe oils for cooking. I have fried fresh fish in it, and it was fantastic. Olive oil has a high burn point...meaning it will not burn up as fast, plus, for all of you health nuts, it is much better for you, compaired to corn, or other cheaper oils. I always try things before I voice my opinion, as should you. It makes great tuna salad as well as nice deviled eggs. Thanks for your time..ChefBill
ChefBill, November 14, 2008
Hellmans Mayonnaise with extra virgin olive oil
i am 73 and have had hellmans mayo all my life...there was nothing better until i tried the mayo with extra virgin olive...not only is it healthier but it is smoother and has such a great taste...i recommend this highly to all mayo lovers
laurawhitetail, September 2, 2011

value: This website is an American multinational retail corporation that operates a chain of hypermarkets , discount department stores, and grocery stores from the United States, headquartered in Bentonville, Arkansas.


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Union Calvary in Civil War by Stephen Z. Starr | 9780807132937 | Paperback | Barnes & Noble
Stephen Z. StarrStephen Z. Starr
ISBN-10: 0807132934
ISBN-13: 9780807132937
With this volume Stephen Z. Starr brings to a triumphant conclusion his prize-winning trilogy on the history of the Union cavalry.The War in the West provides accounts of the cavalry's role in the Vicksburg Campaign, the conquest of central Tennessee, Sherman's Atlanta Campaign, the March to the Sea, and the campaign of the Carolinas. Starr never neglects the
With this volume Stephen Z. Starr brings to a triumphant conclusion his prize-winning trilogy on the history of the Union cavalry.The War in the West provides accounts of the cavalry's role in the Vicksburg Campaign, the conquest of central Tennessee, Sherman's Atlanta Campaign, the March to the Sea, and the campaign of the Carolinas. Starr never neglects the numerous difficulties the cavalry faced: equipment shortages, inadequate weapons, unsuitable organization, and inept use of the cavalry by many members of the Union high command. And he never ignores the cavalry's own contributions to its failures. He convincingly demonstrates that in the end, in the battle of Nashville and in the Selma Campaign, the Union cavalry proved enormously effective. With this final volume Starr's objective remains "the portrayal of the life and campaigns of the Union cavalry as they were experienced and fought by its troopers and officers."
Table of ContentsPreface xiiiCome in Your War Array 1Let Slip the Dogs of War 27Fire Answers Fire 50To War and Arms I Fly 73Steed Threatens Steed 102The Weapons of War Perished 125Waving Banners and Glittering Steel 153'Twas a Famous Victory 180Be Ye Men of Valour 205Feats of Broil and Battle 227Clouds of Dust...in All Directions 250The Battle to the Strong 275All the Business of War 306Amidst the Ranks of War 332The Flinty and Steel Couch of War 358War Is Cruelty 391Tipped with a Line of Steel 415And Charge with All Thy Chivalry 447The Valley of the Shadow 474Once More unto the Breach 503Swifter than Eagles, Stronger than Lions 527All Thy Banners Wave 556Now the Battle Day Is Past 569Epilogue 589The Mutiny of the 15th Pennsylvania 595Addenda to Bibliography 603Index 607

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Location of Bensley, Virginia
Coordinates: 37°26′56″N 77°26′44″W / 37.44889°N 77.44556°W / 37.44889; -77.44556Coordinates: 37°26′56″N 77°26′44″W / 37.44889°N 77.44556°W / 37.44889; -77.44556
51-06728[1]
1867584[2]
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 2.9 square miles (7.5 km2), of which 2.9 square miles (7.4 km2) is land and 0.02 square miles (0.06 km2), or 0.81%, is water.
In the CDP, the population was spread out with 25.5% under the age of 18, 11.0% from 18 to 24, 32.5% from 25 to 44, 21.8% from 45 to 64, and 9.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.8 males.
^ "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (DP-1): Bensley CDP, Virginia". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Archived from the original on September 11, 2013. Retrieved November 29, 2011.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bensley,_Virginia&oldid=855929396"
This page was last edited on 21 August 2018, at 19:34 (UTC).

value: This website is the English-language edition of the free online encyclopedia Wikipedia. It was founded on 15 January 2001 as Wikipedia's first edition and, as of October 2021, has the most articles of any edition, at 6,412,521.


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Hotel Akash Deep (India/Kolkata (Calcutta), Asia) - Hotel Reviews - TripAdvisor
#78 of 264 B&Bs / Inns in Kolkata (Calcutta) 48, Circus Avenue, Kolkata (Calcutta) 700017, India Hotel amenities
21 more photos Hotel & grounds (12)View album Bathroom (3)View album View from room (3)View album View All Photos Professional photosTraveler photos (21)View Map
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13 helpful votes “Good suite for its price”
Stayed at this hotel for 3 nights in August 2013.Its centrally located. A convinient place to stay in Kolkata. The food is average. The staff are well mannered. A good place for business travellers.The bathrooms were a bit grimy though. The suite was comfortable and made entertaining guests possible.
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85 helpful votes “Good location,lousy management”
This is a small hotel near Park Circus. Though reserved earliar,proper recording was not there at reception at the time of check-in. As rooms were available,problem was not there. Credit card was accepted for advance at the time of checkin but at the time of check out,machine was not working. though rooms were clean with all basic amenities, seperate beds...
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54 helpful votes “Simple and Quiet Place - Good Experience.”
Located ideally in the Park Circus vicinity, this small hotel was recommended by a friend. Our two nights stay was a satisfying experience. Staff was very helpful, though the front desk could have been a bit more friendly. Rooms are small but overall amenities were adequate and the working breakfast was of a reasonable spread. Appeared to be more business...
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Lobby is neat, though narrow, Rooms r spacious, freshly painted and well maintained. clean toilets n bathrooms with clean towels. room service is available. buffet breakfast is free and finger-licking, though less variety. they even got airport pick-up n drop taxi at reasonable rate. its located on the main road exactly at the circle where the flyover ends, but not...
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Level Contributor 1 review “moderate hotel at park circus”
we booked two rooms in this hotel for two days while travelling on a business trip. The locality of the hotel is good as it is in park circus. The check-in was smooth.
Among the two room, in one room the water was flowing from the AC, even we informed to them but there is no response from the hotel...
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25 helpful votes “Low Cost Budget hotel at Park Circus”
I stayed in this hotel in Kolkata, India for 3 nights for my business trip. My colleague booked this hotel for me. Its a very low cost cheap hotel in one of the main location near to Park Street. Breakfast included with rooms. Rooms are big in size with LED TV & WiFi Internet. There are 4/5 items available in...
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371 helpful votes “Good for Budgeted peoples.”
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Report VinodYelemmi has 1 more review of Hotel Akash Deep
1 review 2 helpful votes “It was worth the money”
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21 helpful votes “Average budget hotel”
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49 helpful votes “Budget hotel for Business travellers”
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Updating list... Questions? Get answers from hotel staff and past guests. Ask a question Explore similar hotels The Astor Hotel Kolkata 136 ReviewsShow Prices 0.8 miles Astoria Hotel 95 ReviewsShow Prices 1.0 miles Hotel 233 Park Street 126 ReviewsShow Prices 0.1 miles See all Kolkata (Calcutta) hotels Browse nearby
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Business Center with Internet Access Children Activities (Kid / Family Friendly) Room Service Dry Cleaning Laundry Service Concierge Additional Information about Hotel Akash Deep
Address: 48, Circus Avenue, Kolkata (Calcutta) 700017, India Location:
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(Redirected from Reset sequence)
In computer science, more precisely, in the theory of deterministic finite automata (DFA), a synchronizing word or reset sequence is a word in the input alphabet of the DFA which sends any state of the DFA to one and the same state.[1] That is, if an ensemble of copies of the DFA are each started in different states, and all of the copies process the synchronizing word at the same speed, they will all end up reaching the same state as each other, at the same time as each other. Not every DFA has a synchronizing word; for instance, a DFA with two states, one for words of even length and one for words of odd length, can never be synchronized.
4 Related - Transformation Semigroups
Given a DFA, the problem of determining if it has a synchronizing word can be solved in polynomial time[2] using a theorem due to Černý. A simple approach considers the power set of states of the DFA, and builds a directed graph where nodes belong to the power set, and a directed edge describes the action of the transition function. A path from in the graph to a singleton state shows the existence of a synchronizing word. This algorithm is exponential in the number of states. A polynomial algorithm results however, due to a theorem of Černý which exploits the substructure of the problem, and shows that a synchronizing word exists if and only if every pair of states has a synchronizing word.
If a DFA has a synchronizing word, must it have one of length at most (n − 1)2?
The problem of estimating the length of synchronizing words has a long history and was posed independently by several authors, but it is commonly known as the Černý conjecture. In 1964 Jan Černý conjectured that (n − 1)2 is the upper bound for the length of the shortest synchronizing word for any n-state complete DFA (a DFA with complete state transition graph).[1][3] If this is true, it would be tight: in his 1964 paper, Černý exhibited a class of automata (indexed by the number n of states) for which the shortest reset words have this length. The best upper bound known is (n 3 - n)/6, far from the lower bound.[4] For n-state DFAs over a k-letter input alphabet, an algorithm by David Eppstein finds a synchronizing word of length at most 11n3/48 + O(n2), and runs in time complexity O(n3+kn2). This algorithm does not always find the shortest possible synchronizing word for a given automaton; as Eppstein also shows, the problem of finding the shortest synchronizing word is NP-complete. However, for a special class of automata in which all state transitions preserve the cyclic order of the states, he describes a different algorithm with time O(kn2) that always finds the shortest synchronizing word, proves that these automata always have a synchronizing word of length at most (n − 1)2 (the bound given in Černý's conjecture), and exhibits examples of automata with this special form whose shortest synchronizing word has length exactly (n − 1)2.[2]
Related - Transformation Semigroups[edit]
A transformation semigroup is synchronizing if it contains an element of rank 1.[7] A DFA corresponds to a transformation semigroup with a distinguished generator set.
^ a b Eppstein, David (1990), "Reset Sequences for Monotonic Automata" (PDF), SIAM Journal on Computing, 19 (3): 500–510, doi:10.1137/0219033. ^ Černý, J. (1964), "Poznámka k homogénnym experimentom s konečnými automatami" (PDF), Matematicko-fyzikálny Časopis Slovenskej Akadémie Vied, 14: 208–216 (in Slovak).
^ http://arxiv.org/abs/1104.2409v7 Trahtman at one point thought he had proven a better bound of n(7n2+6n−16)/48, but this proof turned out to be incorrect and the paper has been retracted, leaving the best-known bound to be (n^3 - n)/6
^ Adler, R. L.; Weiss, B. (1970), "Similarity of automorphisms of the torus", Memoires of the American Mathematical Society, 98 .
^ Trahtman, Avraham (2007). "The road coloring problem". arXiv:0709.0099 . .
Jürgensen, H. (2008). "Synchronization". Information and Computation. 206 (9–10): 1033–1044. doi:10.1016/j.ic.2008.03.005. Volkov, Mikhail V. (2008), "Synchronizing Automata and the Černý Conjecture", Proc. 2nd Int'l. Conf. Language and Automata Theory and Applications (LATA 2008) (PDF), LNCS, 5196, Springer-Verlag, pp. 11–27 Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Synchronizing_word&oldid=756113534"	Categories: Finite automata	Navigation menu
EspañolעבריתPortuguêsРусский	Edit links	This page was last edited on 22 December 2016, at 02:31.


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Gov pardons conviction for illegal who was 9/11 volunteer | Daily Mail Online
Illegal immigrant father who volunteered doing hazmat removal at Ground Zero after 9/11 is pardoned by New York Governor Andrew Cuomo for decades old drug conviction in hopes of staving off his deportation
Carlos Cardona, 48, volunteered his time at Ground Zero and suffers severe lung conditions as a result
He was 21 when he was arrested on minor drug charge, and has lived crime free since according to NY Gov Cuomo
In February days after an order by the Trump administration, Cardona was detained and has since not been released
Cardona has a wife and daughter and owns a constrution company in New York
Published: 19:46 EDT, 21 June 2017 | Updated: 20:00 EDT, 21 June 2017
An illegal immigrant with a decades old drug conviction, who volunteered his time doing hazmat removal at ground zero, has been granted a pardon for his conviction by New York Governor Andrew Cuomo.
Carlos Cardona entered the US illegally in 1986 through the Mexico boarder from Colombia.
In 1990, when he was 21-years-old he was arrested for the attempted sale of a controlled substance, but Cuomo says Cardona has lived crime free since.
Cardona, now 48, was detained on February 28th, just days after the Trump administration issued a memorandum that said the removal of undocumented immigrants convicted of a crime was a priority.
Carlos Cardona has been granted a pardon by NY Gov Andrew Cuomo for decades old drug conviction in hopes of staving off his deportation
The massive removal of debris at the ground zero site (pictured) was largely aided by volunteer workers
NY Gov Andrew Cuomo said Cardona has lived a crime free life since 1990
'In the more than 30 years since Carlos Cardona has lived in this country, he has built a family and given back to his community, including in the aftermath of 9/11, when he assisted with ground zero recovery efforts at the expense of his own health,' Governor Cuomo said in an emailed statement to The New York Times.
'It is my hope this action will not only reunite Mr. Cardona with his wife and daughter, but also sends a message about the values of fairness and equality that New York was founded upon.'
Without the Democratic Governor's action, Cardona would likely be deported.
'Cardona was detained at a check-in at Federal Plaza in Lower Manhattan as a result of his 1990 arrest.
'From there he was moved to the Hudson Correctional Facility in Kearny, NJ. He has been there since.
Since 2013, the governor has granted seven pardons explicitly to remove the threat of deportation, according to his office. Cardona's pardon is the first since the president's new priorities were issued.
Alphonso David, the governor's attorney, speaking to the Times said Cardoza was fast-tracked partly because returning to him Colombia would put him at risk.
Not only would deporting him prevent Cardoza from getting the treatment he needs for ground zero related illnesses, but two of his brothers, one a police officer, were murdered in Colombia by gang members.
Ground Zero recovery worker held by ICE for deportation to... Trump CANCELS Obama's policy to let millions of illegals...
A lawyer for Carodna, Rajesh Barua said his client was a volunteer after the World Trade Center attacks, sifting through and clearing out the rubble at ground zero. The time he spent in the debris resulted in a severe lung condition from which he still suffers.
Baura also said: 'As a young man Mr. Cardona briefly fell in with a rough crowd, and in 1990 he pleaded guilty to selling a small amount of cocaine to an undercover officer, a crime for which he spent 45 days in jail.'
That conviction stopped Cardona from obtaining legal status over the 31 years he has lived New York City, although he is married to a United States citizen.
After he missed a court date for an immigration hearing in 2001, an order was issued for his deportation by the Department of Homeland Security's department of Immigration and Customs Enforcement.
The governor's pardon does not automatically nullify the deportation order for Mr. Cardona, said Barua, who must now petition ICE to drop the order. But with his record newly expunged, he said, there should be no grounds to continue the removal.
Gov pardons conviction for illegal who was 9/11 volunteer

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