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Greek Food - Ikaros Restaurant | Groupon
Up to 50% Off Greek Food at Acropolis Restaurant Acropolis Restaurant
89% of 1,590 customers recommend
Classic Greek dishes such as braised lamb, surf and turf, stuffed grape leaves, moussaka, and housemade baklava
Limit 1 per person, may buy 2 additional as gifts. Limit 1 per table. Dine-in only. Must purchase a food item. Must use promotional value in 1 visit. Not valid with any other offers or promotions.
Professional chefs generally know more than the average cook, including how to remove the poisonous glands from onions. Dine out with this Groupon.The Deal
$16 for $30 worth of Greek food
Since 1969, the Kohilas family has been at the helm of Ikaros Restaurant, which was praised in a 2011 review in the Baltimore Sun for its smart and careful food preparation just as much as its longevity. Over the years, the menu has not changed much, with chefs continuously crafting classic Greek dishes such as mousaka—a dish of eggplant, potatoes, ground beef, and béchamel sauce—as well as the more locally inspired Maryland crab cakes. Supplementing authentic eats, customers can enjoy background Greek music or occasional live music in the dining room. The Gist
“The Greek owner is SUCH a nice man and I asked him to recommend what one would have to get if visiting Greece. His recommendations were SOOOOO DELICIOUS!! I am...”
“The Greek owner is SUCH a nice man and I asked him to recommend what one would have to get if visiting Greece. His recommendations were SOOOOO DELICIOUS!! I am going back with a friend ASAP!”
DAVID C. 07/2015
“Eggplant appetizer and the main dish of lamb organ meats were outstanding!!”
Peter R. 06/2015
“The entire restaurant experience was enjoyable. The service was great, and so was the food.”
cynthia p. 06/2015
+14106333750
zoekarpouzie
"Hannah attends a Karpouzie family event #greekbaptism 👯💞"
lilianevasconcellos1,
funnyboymel,
moushy_otf,
dekes92,
"oh the greek dancing 😅😂 #greekbaptism @hlsteinauer"
jayjay0616,
grim6666,
xo_ren_nesia_,
stgrim408,
"we've got another Alvari ! Congrats to @johnnywinterisgod & phoebe #stepmom #marriedfather #baltimore #ralphandphoebe"
jdgaul,
rpdougherty,
yeswayrose,
ryanleedorsey,
christinafotios
"first dance performance 💗🎶 #turnupforpontiaka"
ericc_h,
greek_and_proud,
athinaaalex,
the_greek_stallion,
"#IkarianDiet #ikaria #greece
if you promise to eat ⬅ you can have some of ➡"
karoline_e,
migosk,
spaghettistef,
"Λουκουμάδες τώρα!!"
iah.spotter,
renatosampaiopacheco,
carine_tang,
"I was finally able to meet this little nugget! @lhsalis @supergreek @allkindsofbranding #kiltedolivefamily #mygreekwife #Greeky #Canon #CanonT5i #NoFilter #Cutie"
lhsalis,
spitballspewgin,
tylerbarton27,
iamironjess,
kathyyyy_83
"Octapus #greekfood #familytime #Baltimore #inHeaven"
m.a.r.i.a_c,
yannimets,
anthibiz,
birdonherhead,
bocaj_namziel
"Quick flick of my pops from dinner a couple weeks ago... we ate at a Greek restaurant in Baltimore that his family started going to in 1975! Still under the same ownership, our guy Xenos hooked it up with dessert on the house! #pops #ikaros #baltimore #namziels #thatswassup"
joshsroy,
thelabnr,
mark_orans,
vmartin_1,
jojotrik
"Reunited and it feels so good!!! #stnicksA&B_teams #showerofloveforKaren #great_memories"
jvas24,
dmh9295,
elenaxidaki,
rinaki_1975,
galawhat
"Murder mystery dinner date with my BFF"
mrs_smelch,
jdiehl118,
debster032,
jimjon48,
stilianos04
"#sundayfunday #yesssssssss #beer #beertime #mythos #helleniclager #greekbeer #greektown #baltimore #bmore #merica #bitcheslovebeer #beerthirty #daydrinking #yum #myFavoriteBeer"
xaros34,
bmoretitan,
sophiafinalride,
dgmwrx11,
"How Baltimore does Greek food. #Greektown #Baltimore #crabcakes"
halabarakat,
sdallaco,
samrich618,
lpasa08,
nick_politakis
"#Ikarosrestaurant #ikariandiet #bellydancing #baltimore"
spoulogian,
dimitris_mouzakis,
chris_alt,
"Good Greek beer is no myth. #Mythos #Beer #Beerstagram #LifeOnTheRoad #Greek #mygreekwife #Baltimore #KiltedOliveMarriage"
kclilpeaceofpower,
peach_e_paige,
soggycitybob,
maestro_a,
thebaltimorefoodjournal
"[This family owned and operated restaurant has been serving #TraditionalGreekCuisine & wine in the heart of #GreekTownBaltimore for generations]
#RoastedLamb #guvetzi #baklava #galaktoboureko and #GreekCoffee
#AuthenticGreekCuisine #GreekFood #foodporn #foodie #munch #nom #TraditionalCooking #GreekChefs #GreekCuisine #HandMadeDesserts #LambDish"
truechesapeake,
alexanderthegreat410,
feastingnotfasting,
turtle1957
"#ilovegreekfood
#lamb"
zeestracted,
ageha_hee,
nick_politakis,
scbchbum,
skveazey
"Shrimp giouvetsi #charmcity #baltimore #ikaros"
southernmell,
thejonesfamilyvalues,
liselott8,
kileyschiff,
frankdatank290
"Greek Feast"
dmytryszyn,
elliepinto,
flemilyeming,
art_lee_son
"#datenight #GreekMood #TeamHalfs🅰🅱 #WeStillLoveYouBeeches"
howie888,
carolann_kimberly,
rakiex20,
mbfaces325,
"Yaaasssssssss #seabass #ikaros #greekcuisine"
seulee.sl,
javierlopez288,
yscompton,
lhrybyk,
bubba82787
jayco_shah_ddh,
kroc15,
latosha_ann,
camusual,
newme1887
"Dan Thensum aka Anton @12thstpi a movie producer #MurderMysteryDinner #hilarious"
12thstpi,
_nila11_,
lookatrania,
nowyouscantleave,
"Happy new years continued!"
bella_porto13,
ljones43802,
rebeccafoxstoddard,
ziawallach
marlena_angelique
"#NoirSheDidnt with #TheMurderMysteryCompany as #SharonGawsup"
_ayojerm,
"Opaah! #saganaki #cheeseonfire"
nadia.mattanah,
"How done it"
asshole_by_choice7,
e4envy_deaf2thebs
93% of the people were positive about the Greek Food, most described it as Authentic.
83% of the people were positive about the Crab Cakes, most described it as Wonderful.
82% of the people were positive about the Lamb, most described it as Succulent.
88% of the people were positive about the Location, most described it as Beautiful.

value: This website is an American global e-commerce marketplace connecting subscribers with local merchants by offering activities, travel, goods and services in 15 countries. Based in Chicago, Groupon was launched there in November 2008, launching soon after in Boston, New York City and Toronto.


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Top 10 Rio de Janeiro Hotels Near Rio de Janeiro Oswaldo Cruz Station | Brazil | Hotels.comEnglish (United States)Book online or call 800-246-8357This call is free. 24 hours a day; 7 days a week.Hotel DealsPackages & FlightsGroupsGift CardsHelpWebsite feedbackSign in & AccountSign inCreate an accountYour bookingsTrip PlannerReview a hotelHotels.com® RewardsYour bookingsHotelsHotels in BrazilRio de Janeiro HotelsHotels near Rio de Janeiro Oswaldo Cruz Station, Rio de JaneiroHotels near Rio de Janeiro Oswaldo Cruz StationSearch hotels near Rio de Janeiro Oswaldo Cruz Station in Rio de JaneiroCity, landmark, hotel name, address or zip codeCheck inCheck out Rooms123456789+Room 1:Adults12345678Aged 18+Children01230-17Age at check in:Child 1:-?-<11234567891011121314151617Show dealsGet Secret Prices on select hotelsThese prices aren’t available to everyone.Unlock nowRecently bookedAméricas Granada Hotel3.5 starsfrom $53Copamar Hotel3 starsfrom $194H Niteroi Hotel4 starsfrom $118Hotel Biarritz2.5 starsfrom $55Transamérica Prime Barra3.5 starsfrom $67Pay now or later on most roomsFree cancellation on most roomsPrice GuaranteeMap of hotels near Rio de Janeiro Oswaldo Cruz StationHotels in Rio de Janeiro near Rio de Janeiro Oswaldo Cruz StationRio de Janeiro Oswaldo Cruz Station in the Rio de Janeiro area, Brazil
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Romantic European Restaurants in Joensuu
Search Europe›Finland›North Karelia›Joensuu›Joensuu Restaurants›Restaurant Jecika
14 Reviews #37 of 46 Restaurants in Joensuu $$ - $$$
Also show MapSatellite Map updates are paused. Zoom in to see updated info. Reset zoom Updating Map... Return to Map Get directions Kirkkokatu 25, Joensuu 80100, Finland +358 40 0187006
reviews Clear all Start your review of Restaurant Jecika Click to rate
10 helpful votes “Slendid Indian veggie food with extremely nice service”
I ordered mushroom bhajee, spinach sause and salad
They serve also some wine and beer but it is a clean quiet place to eat.
Recommended, I will definetely go again! :-)
Helpful? Thank Antu S Report Aino R
Me and my sister decided to try Jecika on new years eve, even tho the reviews we have read about the place are very mixed, some very positive and some exactly the opposite. When we got to Jecika we were the only people in there. The food itself was tasty and enjoyable, but there was no music playing and more...
More Helpful? Thank Aino R Report slpasay
21 helpful votes “Typical Indian food, expensive drinks”
We stopped here for a quick snack so we didn't get to try a large part of the menu. We just had some samosas. While those were not that expensive (for Scandinavia) the beer prices were really high. While it would be good to try more of the menu if we stayed in Joensuu again, we would reconsider ordering the...
More Helpful? Thank slpasay Report jmspence99
Level Contributor 4 reviews 6 helpful votes “Microwaved Paska”
I visited Jecika tonight and was the only one in the restaurant. I ordered chicken marsala and asked for naan bread. The guy said the naan bread would take 15 min so I passed. However, after 5 min I heard the famous microwave bing! I should have ordered the naan bread at least something would have been fresh! I really...
More Helpful? Thank jmspence99 Report MrsM-7
65 helpful votes “Bad lunch!”
Not a good lunch!
They have a lunch buffee for 8€. Unfortunately the food is mostly tasteless and sauces taste like water and chili. The day I went there they had also "Finnish" meatballs. Just awful! Definetely not home made. Pakoras were cold, chewy and tasteless. I remember the food being pretty good some years ago. What has happened???
Thank MrsM-7 Report velluto
25 helpful votes “very very nice!”
Jecika is right in the very center of Joensuu, just where Cumulus hotel is. Don't expect a luxuriant New-York-like Indian restaurant: Jecika is simply furnished. However the food is really nice and genuine, and fairly priced. The owner is absolutely helpful and smiling and all together it makes a very pleasant dining experience. No doubts best place where to eat...
Thank velluto Report Traveller007Finland
53 helpful votes “Truly Indian food In Northern Karelia”
Jecika is an exceptionally good place. It is the only Indian restaurant in town, but still they are able to provide real Indian-taste food. The menu is quite wide and also Indian drinks available. We had a tasty Tandoori-Chicken and were very satisfied to the service and reasonably priced food.
I can recommend this anyone who is willing to taste...
Thank Traveller007Finland Report vasavapr
127 helpful votes “Good Indian food in Joensuu”
The restaurant menu was very impressive as it had quite many verity of Indian food on offer. The food is moderately priced. You can also order Indian beverages with your meal. Given the fact that its the only Indian restaurant in town, it still serves good Indian food. I mean there is no fooling around about food.
Thank vasavapr Report Updating list... Travelers who viewed Restaurant Jecika also viewed
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Reservations, Buffet, Seating, Waitstaff, Serves Alcohol, Full Bar, Accepts Mastercard, Accepts Visa, Digital Payments
Questions? Get answers from Restaurant Jecika staff and past visitors.
Posting guidelines Get notified about new answers to your questions. Ask Typical questions asked: Do you have gluten-free options? Is there a dress code? Do you allow dogs on the outdoor patio? Near Restaurant Jecika Top-rated Attractions Nearby 39 Reviews Sculpture Susi Kosiomatkalla

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Amazon.co.uk: Loren W. Christensen - 3 Stars & Up: Books Amazon Try Prime Your Amazon.co.uk Today's Deals Gift Cards Sell Help Shop by Department Hello. Sign in Your Account Try Prime Basket Wish List Search Books All Departments Amazon Instant Video Apps & Games Baby Beauty Books Car & Motorbike CDs & Vinyl Classical Clothing Computers & Accessories Digital Music DIY & Tools DVD & Blu-ray Electronics & Photo Garden & Outdoors Gift Cards Grocery Health & Personal Care Jewellery Kindle Store Kitchen & Home Large Appliances Lighting LOVEFiLM by Post Luggage Musical Instruments & DJ PC & Video Games Pet Supplies Shoes & Bags Software Sports & Outdoors Stationery & Office Supplies Toys & Games VHS Watches Books
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Solo Training: The Martial Artist's Guide to Building the Core for Stronger, Faster and More Effective Grappling...
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Format Hardcover Paperback Audiobooks Kindle Books Author Loren W. Christensen Wim Demeere Rory Miller Language English Delivery Option (What's this?) Free Delivery by Amazon Avg. Customer Review Clear 4 Stars & Up& Up 3 Stars & Up& Up 2 Stars & Up& Up 1 Star & Up& Up Price Under £5 £5 - £10 £10 - £20 £20 - £50 £ to £ International Shipping (What's this?) AmazonGlobal Eligible Availability Include Out of Stock Unlimited One-Day Delivery and more Prime members enjoy unlimited One-Day Delivery and exclusive access to movies, TV shows and Kindle books. > Get Started There's a problem loading this menu at the moment. Learn more about Amazon Prime. Amazon Instant Video

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Michael Frazier II gets hot, No. 3 Florida beats Missouri 68-58 for 14th straight win | Fox News
Michael Frazier II gets hot, No. 3 Florida beats Missouri 68-58 for 14th straight win
Missouri guard Jordan Clarkson tries to get past Florida guard Scottie Wilbekin, right, during the first half of an NCAA college basketball game Tuesday, Feb. 4, 2014, in Gainesville, Fla. (AP Photo/Phil Sandlin) (The Associated Press)
Florida forward Dorian Finney-Smith (10) tries to get the ball to the basket as Missouri forward Tony Criswell (2) defends during the first half of an NCAA college basketball game Tuesday, Feb. 4, 2014, in Gainesville, Fla. (AP Photo/Phil Sandlin) (The Associated Press)
Patric Young's driving layup with 4:10 remaining gave the Gators (20-2, 9-0 Southeastern Conference) a 58-48 lead.
Donovan's current team has some issues — shaky free throw shooting and few long-range threats outside Frazier — but the addition of Walker could increase Florida's chances of making another deep run in the NCAA tournament.
Walker, who drew ooh's and aah's with every move during pregame warm-ups, entered the game to a standing ovation with 11:28 remaining in the first half. His first few minutes on the court gave Florida fans even more to celebrate.
Walker had two thunderous dunks in the final 2:07 of the half, finishing alley-oops from fellow freshman Kasey Hill. The second one had the O'Connell Center rocking — but just briefly.

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text:
Patent US5175521 - Miniature dynamically tunable microwave and millimeter wave device - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsA miniature, electrostatically actuated, variable impedance circuit element which is operably tunable in response to control signals. With integrated circuit, thin film processing a fixed circuit member is fabricated on a substrate and a movable circuit member is fabricated over the substrate and is...http://www.google.com/patents/US5175521?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5175521 - Miniature dynamically tunable microwave and millimeter wave deviceAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS5175521 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 07/708,530Publication dateDec 29, 1992Filing dateMay 31, 1991Priority dateMay 31, 1991Fee statusPaidAlso published asDE69223682D1, DE69223682T2, EP0516166A2, EP0516166A3, EP0516166B1Publication number07708530, 708530, US 5175521 A, US 5175521A, US-A-5175521, US5175521 A, US5175521AInventorsLawrence E. LarsonOriginal AssigneeHughes Aircraft CompanyExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (6), Referenced by (30), Classifications (20), Legal Events (7) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetMiniature dynamically tunable microwave and millimeter wave device
US 5175521 AAbstract
A miniature, electrostatically actuated, variable impedance circuit element which is operably tunable in response to control signals. With integrated circuit, thin film processing a fixed circuit member is fabricated on a substrate and a movable circuit member is fabricated over the substrate and is movable relative to the fixed circuit member in response to electrostatic fields produced at armature tabs when the control signals are selectively applied to rows of control electrodes. Embodiments include a variable capacitor and a variable ring resonator.
1. A miniature, electrostatically actuated, tunable circuit comprising:a substrate having a first circuit member disposed at one surface thereof; a second circuit member disposed above said substrate, said second circuit member being movable relative to said first circuit member; and control means fabricated on said substrate and being operable to selectively receive control signals for producing electrostatic fields which are coupled to said second circuit member, the electrostatic fields being operable to selectively move said second circuit member relative to said first circuit member and operably tune said tunable circuit. 2. The miniature, electrostatically actuated, tunable circuit of claim 1 in which said control mean is disposed with an air gap that is sufficiently narrow such that the control means will induce an image charge on said second circuit member to enhance electrostatic attraction.
3. The miniature, electrostatically actuated, tunable circuit of claim 1 in which said control means includes a plurality of separate control electrodes distributed on at least one side of said second circuit member.
4. The miniature, electrostatically actuated, tunable circuit of claim 3 in which said separate control electrodes are distributed alongside of said second circuit member and are operable to move said second circuit member linearly to operably tune said turnable circuit.
5. The miniature, electrostatically actuated, tunable circuit of claim 4 in which said first and said second circuit member includes a plurality of spaced apart finger members in which said finger member of said first circuit member interdigitally mate with said finger members of said second circuit member to effect the capacitance of said tunable circuit.
6. The miniature, electrostatically actuated, tunable circuit of claim 5 in which said finger members are parallel to each other and have planar side walls.
7. The miniature, electrostatically actuated, tunable circuit of claim 4 in which said first circuit member includes a first segment of a ring and said second circuit member includes a second segment of a ring that compliments said first segment, said second segment being operable to slide along a surface of said first segment of a ring to form a closed ring which is operable as a ring resonator.
8. The miniature, electrostatically actuated, tunable circuit of claim 7 in which said first and said second segments of a ring have individual linear portions that are in sliding contact with each other.
9. The miniature, electrostatically actuated, tunable circuit of claim 2 in which said second circuit member includes at least one tab projecting from a side wall thereof, said tab being operably electrostatically attracted by the electrostatic fields produced by said control electrodes.
10. The miniature, electrostatically actuated, tunable circuit of claim 1 in which said first and said second circuit members have a rectangular cross section.
11. The miniature, electrostatically actuated, tunable circuit of claim 9 in which said first and said second circuit members have a rectangular cross section.
12. The miniature, electrostatically actuated, tunable circuit of claim 1 in which said first and said second circuit members are fabricated of thin films.
13. The miniature, electrostatically actuated, tunable circuit of claim 1 in which said control means are fabricated of thin films.
14. The miniature, electrostatically actuated, tunable circuit of claim 1 in which said substrate is a material from the group consisting of gallium-arsenide, indium phosphide, and sapphire.
15. The miniature, electrostatically actuated, tunable circuit of claim 1 in which said first and said second circuit members each comprise a layer of gold.
16. The miniature, electrostatically actuated, tunable circuit of claim 1 in which said control means comprises a layer of gold.
17. The miniature, electrostatically actuated, tunable circuit of claim 1 in which said first and said second circuit members and said control means comprise a thin layer of titanium and gold and a thicker layer of gold.
18. A miniature, electrostatically actuated, circuit element comprising:a substrate having a first circuit element fixed thereto; a second circuit element having a surface member and which is movable relative to said first circuit element; and control means including control electrodes each having planar faces that are disposed in parallel planes and which match said surface member with an air gap there between and to allow said second circuit element to move through the region beside said control electrodes and to operably effect electrostatic attraction between said control electrodes and an image charge on said surface member in response to a control signal applied to said control electrode. Description
This invention relates generally to tunable electronics and more particularly to miniature dynamic tunable devices of a type that can be fabricated on integrated circuit substrates.
With integrated circuit technology, size and space are a serious constraint on circuit designers. For example, very small dimensioned, thin film transmission lines and circuit elements are fabricated directly onto the surface of a dielectric substrate. Very often these circuit elements have different characteristic impedances than the circuit elements to which they are coupled. It has been difficult to utilize tunable circuit elements for impedance matching because of the small dimensions involved and the density of circuit elements. Thus, such circuit elements have typically been tuned to a fixed impedance match.
Unfortunately, the circuit device impedances change with normal variations in the processed integrated circuit. Consequently, the impedance match can be lost. As a result of the fixed nature of the typical circuit elements, the resulting operating flexibility and performance of the integrated circuit is undesirably affected.
These challenges have often been met by the use of active semiconductor devices for circuit tuning purposes. The use of active semiconductor devices for such tuning is described by I. Bahl and P. Bhartia in Microwave Solid-State Circuit Design, John Wiley & Sons (1988), pages 373 through 422. While these types of devices are characterized by their small sizes, they do present other challenges to the circuit designer. For example, they typically introduce significant losses and have limited ranges and power handling capabilities.
With the advent of micro-machining it has been shown that it is feasible to fabricate mechanical and electromechanical devices using thin film integrated circuit technology. Some specific examples are the levers, gears, sliders, and springs referred to in U.S. Pat. No. 4,740,410, issued on Apr. 26, 1988, to R. S. Muller et al., and entitled Micro Mechanical Elements and Methods for Their Fabrication. In addition, electro-mechanical devices such as rotatable motors and linear motors are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,754,185, issued on Jun. 28, 1988 to K. J. Gabriel et al., and entitled Micro-Electrostatic Motor.
In meeting the challenges mentioned above, the present invention is embodied in micro-machined, electrostatically actuated, dynamically tunable circuit devices fabricated on a dielectric substrate of a integrated circuit chip by the use of integrated circuit processing technology. Specifically, the tunable circuits include a fixed circuit member fabricated on the surface of the substrate. In addition, a movable circuit member is fabricated on the substrate such that it can be electro-mechanically moved relative to the fixed circuit member. The relative movement between these members affects the impedance of the tunable circuit and thereby tunes it to the associated circuit elements to which it is coupled. Various embodiments include, for example, a variable capacitor and a tunable ring resonator.
There are numerous advantages to such dynamically tunable devices. Among them are that they can be batch fabricated on an integrated circuit chip utilizing the same integrated circuit processing techniques that the associated integrated circuits are fabricated with. Thus, at the same time that integrated circuits are being fabricated, miniature dynamically tunable devices can be fabricated that take up very little space on the wafer, add very little weight, and are easily replicated. Moreover, the tunable devices can be positioned closer to the associated circuit elements than would be the case if the tunable devices were positioned off of the wafer, thereby reducing long line effects. In addition, the tunable devices have a wide dynamic range in the microwave and millimeter wave bands and exhibit very little power loss when performing the tuning. Furthermore, the tunable devices can be dynamically tuned electro-mechanically on the wafer with very low power control signals. The tunable devices are also radiation hardened.
By fabricating such dynamically tunable devices in place on the integrated circuit it is now possible to tune the circuit after fabrication, thereby enhancing the circuit yield of good circuits and thus lowering the manufacturing costs. In addition, the described devices are believed to have wider dynamic ranges and lower insertion losses at microwave and millimeter wave band operation than other known tunable devices.
FIG. 1 is a top plan view of a interdigitated variable capacitor including a fixed member and a movable mating member that is operably translated along a linear path by electrostatic forces to vary the capacitance of the capacitor;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross sectional view of the variable capacitor of FIG. 1 taken along the plane 2--2, illustrating the relationship between an armature tab on the movable member and a control stator;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross sectional view of the variable capacitor of FIG. 1 taken along the plane 3--3, illustrating the relationship between the movable member, the substrate, and a retaining member.
FIG. 4 is a top plan view of a variable ring resonator having a fixed ring segment formed on the substrate and a movable ring segment that is operably translated linearly to effectively vary the length of the ring resonator and thus tune it to a selected frequency band;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross sectional view of the ring resonator of FIG. 4 taken along the plane 5--5, illustrating the relationship between the movable circuit member, the fixed circuit member and a retaining member; and
FIG. 6 is an enlarged cross sectional view of the ring resonator of FIG. 4 taken along the plane 6--6, illustrating the relationship between the movable member, an output line and control electrodes.
Referring now to the drawings in more detail, as illustrated in the top plan view (not to scale) of FIG. 1, a dynamically tunable variable impedance device configured as a variable capacitor 10 is fabricated on the surface of a substrate 12 utilizing, for example, thin film integrated circuit manufacturing techniques such as the photoresist, masking, deposition, plating, selective etching, and chemical milling techniques described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/608,139, filed on Nov. 1, 1991, by Lawrence E. Larson, and entitled Micro-Machined Switch & Method Of Fabrication. Of course, other techniques could also be used to fabricate the tunable device.
Hereinafter when the term "thin film" is used it should be understood to mean films typically deposited by plating, sputtering, evaporation, or vapor deposition and having a typical thickness, by way of example but not limitation, of less than about 10 microns.
The substrate 12 is made of a dielectric and has a smooth, flat surface 14. Preferably the substrate is made of gallium-arsenide since it is an excellent dielectric for microwave and millimeter wave applications, and semiconductor devices and passive circuit components can be fabricated on it. It is believed that other materials such as, for example, silicon, sapphire, or indium-phosphide would be appropriate for certain applications.
An electrical conductor 16 is fabricated on the surface 14 of the substrate 12 using photoresist, masking, selective etching, and thin film metalization processes.
In addition, a fixed capacitor member 20 having a plurality of spaced apart fingers 22 is also fabricated onto the surface 14 in electrical contact with the conductor 16. These fingers 22 are connected together at one end by a web 24 which in turn is connected to the conductor 16. As is best illustrated in FIG. 2, the fingers 22 are rectilinear with the side walls 26 of the fingers 22 being generally planar and disposed parallel to one another and perpendicular to the plane of the surface 14.
Structurally, the conductor 16 and the fixed capacitor member 20 are fabricated from a first thin layer 28 of titanium about 500 Angstroms thick and gold about 4500 Angstroms thick deposited on the surface 14. Titanium is used because it bonds very well to gallium arsenide. A thicker layer 30 of gold, for example, is plated on top of the layer 28. This thicker layer can, for example, be 2 to 3 microns thick and is preferably deposited by electroplating. By way of example, the width of the conductor 16 can be 100 microns, the width of the fingers 22 can be 50 microns and the length of the fingers can be from 300 to 500 microns.
A movable capacitor member 30 having a plurality of spaced apart fingers 32 is fabricated on the surface 14 of substrate 12, again using photoresist, patterned masking, selective etching, and thin film metalization processing. This movable member 30 is configured so that it is not bonded to the substrate 12 or any of the other circuit elements when all of the photoresist is removed but is free to move relative to the fixed capacitor member 20.
The spaced apart fingers 32 are connected together at one end by a web 34 which in turn is connected to an armature 36. The fingers 32 are generally rectilinear, having planar side walls 38 that are parallel to one another and perpendicular to the plane of surface 14. The bottom surface of the fingers 32 which are disposed adjacent to the surface 14 include node like bearings 40 which ride on the surface 14 in low friction contact. These bearings are fabricated with the fingers as a part of the thin film processing previously referenced. This set of fingers 32 is dimensioned generally the same as the set of fingers 22 of the fixed capacitor member 20 and are spaced apart a sufficient distance to allow the two sets of fingers to nest together in an interdigital relationship with an air gap between them. This air gap can, for example, be about 0.5 to about 1.0 micron.
It should be understood that while exemplary dimensions have been given for the fingers 22 and 32 it is possible to increase the maximum capacitance of the variable capacitor 10 by increasing the length of the fingers, by increasing the thickness of the fingers, by increasing the number of fingers, and by decreasing the width of the air gap between the fingers.
The armature 36, which also acts as a conductor, projects from the web 34 along an axis of movement that is parallel to the planes of the fingers 22 and 32. Also disposed on the bottom surface of the armature 36 are two spaced apart bearings 40 that ride on the surface 14 of the substrate in low friction contact. These bearings are spaced apart a sufficient distance and are of sufficient height to allow a conductor 42 disposed on the surfaced 14 to pass therebetween in low friction contact with the armature 36.
The conductor 42 is fabricated on the substrate 12 in the same manner that the electrical conductor 16 is, using the same thin film processing techniques.
In order to retain the movable capacitor member 30 on top of the substrate 12 and to allow its linear low friction movement along to smooth surface 14, retaining clips 48 are disposed along the outer edge of the movable capacitor member 30. As is best illustrated in FIG. 3, these clips 48 include a base 50 that is fabricated onto the surface 14 with the previously referenced thin film processing. Structurally, a base 50 including the thin layer 28 of titanium and gold and a thicker layer of gold and is attached to the surface 14. A tongue 52 also of gold is layered onto the base and is cantilevered to extend over the outer edge on the movable capacitor member 30. An air gap is formed between the surfaces of the retaining clips and the movable capacitor member 30. As a result, the movable capacitor member 30 can be linearly translated across the surface 14 with low fiction.
Linear movement of the capacitor member 30 is limited by armature tabs 60 and 62 disposed on the outer edge of the movable capacitor member 30. Structurally, these tabs 60 and 62 are generally rectilinear and have planar armature faces 64 on their outermost surfaces and planar side walls 66 and 68. These tabs 60 and 62 are positioned such that the sidewalls 66 abut one pair of the clips 48 when the variable capacitor 10 is in a maximum capacitance configuration as illustrated in FIG. 1. Conversely, when the variable capacitor 10 is moved to the right of FIG. 1 to a minimum capacitance configuration, the rightmost pair of retaining clips 48 limit linear travel of the movable capacitor member 30 when the sidewalls 68 of the armature tabs 60 and 62 abut them.
In operation, as the movable capacitor member 30 is translated linearly relative to the fixed member 20 the capacitance between the conductor 16 and the conductor 42 varies in accordance with the amount of meshing between the fingers 22 and 32. In one variable capacitor constructed with seven fingers the capacitance varied from 0.05 to 0.2 pico farads.
Linear translation of the movable capacitor member 30 is effected by electrostatic forces exerted on the armature tabs 60 and 62 by two rows of stator control electrodes 70a-70d and 72a-72d which are respectively disposed along each outer edge of the armature 36.
The two rows of stator control electrodes 70a through 70d and 72a through 72d are disposed along opposite sides of the armature 36 such that the end wall pole face 74 of each stator control electrode is displaced laterally the same distance from the faces 64 of the armature tabs 60 and 62 so that the pole faces 74 and 76 are all disposed in the same two parallel planes. The width and height of these pole faces 74 and 76 are about the same width and height as that of the armature tab face 64, and the spacing between adjacent control elements can, for example, be about the same as the width of the tabs 60 and 62. Control leads connect each of the control electrodes 70a-70d and 72a-72d to a source of control signals (not shown).
Each control electrode 70a through 70d is aligned along separate axes oriented at a right angle to the axis of movement of the armature 36 so that it is in axial alignment with a corresponding one of the control electrodes 72a through 72d respectively on the opposite side of the transmission line and, as a consequence, can be considered a pair with this other control electrode. For example, control electrodes 70a and 72a are considered a pair. As will be explained in more detail with regard to the operation of the variable capacitor, each control electrode pair operably generates an electrostatic field when control signals +A1 and -A1 et seq. of different signal levels are applied to them.
As is best illustrated in FIG. 2, each control electrode such as 70c is fabricated from the thin layer of titanium and gold 20 and the thicker layer of gold that the conductor 16 is fabricated from. The height of the control electrodes above the surface 14 is about the same as the combined thickness of the movable member 30 and the conductor 42. A flange portion 75 projects from the surface 14 of the substrate 12 and holds a control electrode 70a in a "goose neck" configuration such that the pole face 74 or 76 of each stator control electrode is displaced above the surface 14 a distance about equal to the distance that the movable capacitor member 30 is disposed above the surface 14. Consequently, the faces 74 and 76 of each control electrode will be congruent with the end walls 64 of the tabs 60 and 62 when the tabs are in axial alignment with a control electrode pair such as 70a and 72a.
In operation, pairs of control signals: +A1 and -A1; +A2 and -A2; and +A3 and -A3 are sequentially applied to the control electrode pairs 70a-72a, 70b-72b, 70c-72c, etc. In practice, the control signals +A will have a higher voltage potential than the control signals -A. These control signals set up an electrostatic field on each of the control electrodes which develop an electrostatic image charge of opposite polarities relative to each other at each end of the tabs 60 and 62. The electrostatic attraction between the fields of the control electrodes and the charges on the ends of the tabs 60 and 62 effectively translate the movable member 30 along an axis of movement. To move the capacitor member 30 from left to right relative to FIG. 1, the sequence of control signal pairs will be A1, A2, A3, and A1.
In FIG. 1, for example, the tabs 60 and 62 are in alignment with the control electrode pair 70a and 72a. Thus, with a control signal pair sequence A1, A2, A3 the armature tabs 60 and 62 will be effectively stepped to the right to a position in which their axis is in alignment with the stator control electrode pair 70c and 72c. If, however, the movable capacitor member 30 is to be stepped from the far right to the left, the sequence of control signal pairs applied to the stator control electrodes will be reversed to A1, A3, A2, A1. As a result of the electrostatic fields and attractions, the movable capacitor member 30 translates from right to left until the tabs 60 and 62 stop in alignment with the control electrode pair 70a and 72a, as illustrated in FIG. 1.
Finer tuning of the movable capacitor member 30 can also be accomplished in a number of ways. For example, a vernier effect can be attained in which the tabs 60 and 62 can be translated to a position midway between adjacent control electrode pairs. This is done by simultaneously applying two control signals pairs such as +A2 and -A2 to electrodes 70b and 72b, and control signals +A3 and -A3 to electrodes 70c and 72c. The equilibrium point for the electrostatic attraction between the control electrodes and the tabs 60 and 62 is thus between the adjacent control electrode pairs; and consequently the tabs 60 and 62 come to rest midway between these adjacent control electrodes.
Even finer tuning of the movable capacitor member 30 can be performed by selectively applying control signals +A and -A of different amplitudes to adjacent pairs of the control electrodes. As a result, the equilibrium point of the electrostatic field will positioned nearer to one of the adjacent pairs of control electrodes than the other one of the adjacent pairs. For example, if the control signals +A3 and -A3 have a higher amplitude than the control signals +A2 and -A2, the equilibrium point will be closer to the control electrodes to which the higher amplitude control signals +A3 and -A3 is applied.
Another tunable impedance device that incorporates features described above is the tunable ring resonator 100 of FIG. 4. Structurally, the ring resonator is fabricated on a substrate 102 having a smooth flat surface 104 using the integrated circuit processing techniques referenced above. Specifically, a fixed ring segment member 106, having a "U" shaped configuration, is fabricated on the surface 104 with thin films of electrically conductive material. This member is in the general configuration of a part of an oval, with the curved closed end being connected to a conductor 108. The open end terminates in two bifurcated ends 110 and 112, and the segments of the fixed ring segment leading to the ends 110 and 112 are straight.
As illustrated in cross section in FIG. 5, the straight segments have a rectilinear configuration with a smooth planar top surface 114. The fixed ring segment is fabricated of a first thin film layer 116 of titanium about 500 Angstroms thick, and gold about 4500 Angstroms thick deposited directly on the surface 104. Then a thicker layer of electrically conductive material such as gold about 2 to 3 microns thick is deposited on the layer 116. The width of the fixed member is, for example, 100 microns.
A movable ring segment 130 having a "U" shaped configuration is also fabricated over the surface 104 using the previously referenced photoresist, pattern masking, selective etching, and thin film metalization processing. An armature 132 which also acts as an electrical conductor projects from the closed end of the movable ring segment 130. The open end of the ring segment 130 terminates in two bifurcated ends 134 and 136, and the segments of the ring leading to the ends 134 and 136 are straight. Both the fixed ring segment 106 and the movable ring segment 130 are similarly dimensioned and configured so that the straight lengths of movable ring segment 130 are operably superimposed over the straight lengths of the fixed ring segment 106. In operation, the smooth lower surface 138 of ring segment 130 rides over the smooth upper surface 114 of the fixed ring segment 106 in low friction contact and effectively closes the ring.
As illustrated in FIG. 5, the movable ring segment 130 also has a rectangular cross-section and is fabricated from a thin layer of titanium and gold 140 and a thin layer of gold 142, with a total thickness of about 2 to 3 microns.
The armature 132 projects along the axis of movement of the movable ring segment 130 and operably rides over the top surface of a conductor 144 fabricated on the surface 104 of the substrate. This conductor 144 is fabricated similarly to the manner that the fixed ring segment 106 and conductor 108 is, and is similarly dimensioned. The conductor 144 also has a rectangular cross-section and a smooth flat top surface 146. As a result, the projecting armature 132 on the movable ring segment 130 rides across the surface 146 in low friction contact.
In order to maintain the spacing of the movable ring segment 130 above the substrate surface 104 and to permit low friction movement, node like bearings 150 and 152, as are best illustrated in FIG. 6, are disposed in spaced apart relationship on the lower surface of the movable ring segment 130 closest to the surface 104. These bearings are integral with the movable ring segment 130 and are fabricated with it. One pair of these bearings 152 are positioned to straddle the output conductor 144 and restrain lateral motion of the movable ring segment relative to the axis of movement while allowing for low friction contact with the conductor 144.
In order to further restrain motion of the movable ring segment 130 to a linear path and to retain the ring segment over the substrate, three pairs of clips 154 and 156 are fabricated on the substrate 102 at the outer edge of the ring segment 130 and the conductor 144 respectively. As illustrated in FIG. 5, each of the clips includes a base 158 that is fabricated on the substrate surface 104 using the previously referenced thin film process. A flange 160, preferably of gold, projects away from the base and supports one end of a tongue that in turn is cantilevered to extend over the outer edge of the movable ring segment 130. An air gap is formed between the surfaces of the clips and the movable ring segment 130 to allow non-binding, low friction movement.
The total length of linear movement is further limited by the sidewalls of the armature tabs 162 and 164 disposed on the outer edge of the armature 132. Structurally, these tabs are generally rectilinear and have a planar armature face 165 on their outermost surface. These tabs are positioned such that their side walls abut the leftmost pair of the clips 156 when the ring resonator is in its shortest circuit path length configuration, as illustrated in FIG. 4, and abut the other rightmost pair of clips 156 when the movable ring segment moves linearly to the right in FIG. 4 to a maximum path length configuration. An example of the limit on the amount of travel of the armature 132 is 300 microns. Moreover, the length of the resonator ring from the input conductor 108 to the location where the ring contacts the armature 132 can vary from between 300 and 600 microns. Of course, it should be understood that these are exemplar sizes.
Since the general electro-mechanical operation of the tunable ring resonator 100 of FIGS. 4-6 is similar to the operation of the variable capacitor 10 of FIGS. 1-3, the same structural elements are identified with the same reference characters in both sets of Figures. Thus, the operation of shortening and lengthening the resonator ring can be understood by referring to the preceding portion of this detailed description.
In general, however, pairs of control signals +A1,-A1 through +A3,-A3 are selectively applied to the control electrodes 70a-70d and 72a-72d to linearly translate the movable ring segment 130 to selected positions relative to the fixed ring segment 106, to effectively lengthen and shorten the closed circuit path of the ring resonator 100 and thus tune the ring resonator circuit.
Linear translation of the movable ring segment 130 is effected by electrostatic forces exerted on the armature tabs 162 and 164 by two rows of stator control electrodes 70a-70d and 72a-72d disposed on each side of the armature 144. Operation of the stator control electrodes is substantially the same as that of the stator control electrodes of FIGS. 1 through 3, and are thus given the same reference characters. Consequently, a detailed explanation can be had by referring back to that part of the description.
As previously stated, all of the embodiments described herein are fabricated by integrated circuit processes using the same described materials. For example, each of the conductors, the tunable circuit element, the control electrodes and the supporting structure are preferably fabricated of electrically conductive materials such as a thin layer of titanium and gold and thicker layers of gold, each patterned on the substrate using layers of photoresist patterned by masking, photoexposure, selective etching, and metalization.
Moreover, while gold is the preferred material for the structural elements, it is believed that other electrically conductive materials can be used. Accordingly it should, by way of example but not limitation, be possible to use stainless steel, doped silicon, and rhodium. Moreover, it should again be possible to use materials other than gallium arsenide for the substrate.
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designing, operating and using sameUS20070001783 *Jun 30, 2005Jan 4, 2007Markus LutzMEMS resonator array structure and method of operating and using sameUS20100078564 *Apr 1, 2010Polychromix CorporationApparatus and method providing a hand-held spectrometerDE10309155B3 *Feb 28, 2003Jul 29, 2004Daimlerchrysler AgMechanically-tunable electromagnetic resonator e.g. for variable filter, with movable element displaced within 3-dimensional recess for altering resonator characteristicsDE19935666A1 *Jul 29, 1999Feb 15, 2001Daimler Chrysler AgAnalog-Digital-Wandler f�r ein Signal im Gigahertz-Bereich, Millimeterwellenempf�nger und Bandpa�filter f�r MillimeterwellenDE19935666C2 *Jul 29, 1999Aug 29, 2002Daimler Chrysler AgAnalog-Digital-Wandler f�r ein Signal im Gigahertz-Bereich, Millimeterwellenempf�nger und Bandpa�filter f�r Millimeterwellen* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification333/235, 333/232, 333/221, 334/45, 333/246International ClassificationH01G5/14, H01P1/00, H01P7/08, H01P3/08, H02N1/00, H01P5/04, H01P1/203Cooperative ClassificationH01P5/04, H01P7/088, H02N1/004, H01P1/20336European ClassificationH02N1/00B1, H01P5/04, H01P1/203C1, H01P7/08ELegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionMay 31, 1991ASAssignmentOwner name: HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY A CORP. OF DELAWARE, CAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:LARSON, LAWRENCE E.;REEL/FRAME:005730/0814Effective date: 19910531Jan 10, 1995CCCertificate of correctionJul 29, 1996SULPSurcharge for late paymentJul 29, 1996FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Apr 30, 1998ASAssignmentOwner name: HUGHES ELECTRONICS CORPORATION, CALIFORNIAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:HE HOLDINGS INC., HUGHES ELECTRONICS FORMERLY KNOWN AS HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:009350/0366Effective date: 19971217May 22, 2000FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Jun 29, 2004FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 12RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services

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U.S. Threatens Embargo on European Steel - The Washington Post
U.S. Threatens Embargo on European Steel
By Stuart Auerbach By Stuart Auerbach October 31, 1985
U.S. Trade Representative Clayton Yeutter has raised the threat of an embargo on steel shipments from America's closest allies in Europe if they fail to set new limits on their exports to the United States by the end of the week.
Such a drastic step probably would touch off a cycle of retaliatory trade restrictions on both sides and sour U.S. relations with its Western European allies.
The administration is turning up the heat in the steel talks, which have been going on here and in Brussels for six weeks, because it sees a cutback in European imports as critical to the success of President Reagan's attempt to give the beleaguered steel industry time to become internationally competitive.
While other steel suppliers -- including Canada and Japan -- have cut back their shipments in response to Reagan's call for voluntary restraints 13 months ago, the European producers have increased their sales to the United States 17 percent in the first eight months of this year.
The U.S. stance is being watched closely by Congress, other domestic industries and American steel makers as a litmus test of President Reagan's aggressive new policy to reduce record trade deficits.
While Yeutter declined to specify what retaliatory action he would take against the 10-nation European Community if no agreement is reached by tomorrow, he raised the possibility of an immediate embargo because EC steel makers already have exceeded this year's quotas in some categories.
"One of the immediate issues that will have to be faced by the European steel companies is whether they are reaching the limits of their steel shipments," Yeutter said in what aides later called a deliberate reference to a possible embargo.
Sir Roy Denman, the EC ambassador in Washington, said any U.S. retaliation "would hurt" the steel talks, as well as negotiations to resolve a dispute over European restrictions on U.S. citrus fruit. The citrus quarrel degenerated briefly into a "pasta war" this summer as the United States retaliated against the citrus curbs by raising tariffs on European pasta. A truce to negotiate an end to the dispute expires tomorrow.
"Let's sweat out the next two days," said Sir Roy.
Some progress was reported yesterday in Brussels, but it appeared unlikely that an agreement would be reached by the deadline.
Yeutter acknowledged that U.S. retaliation "would change the tenor of the discussions" over steel, but added, "If this agreement is not reached by Nov. 1, we will take what action we deem to be proper, and announce it to the world." He said the United States is sticking to the Oct. 31 negotiating deadline, agreed to by both sides, even though the 1982 U.S.-EC steel pact doesn't expire until the end of the year.
"Deadlines are deadlines," Yeutter said. "I just don't like fuzzy deadlines. It's better from the negotiators' standpoint to have definite dates."
The exchange between the two officials took place over Sir Roy's dining room table Tuesday night during an on-the-record dinner he gave for Washington reporters covering trade issues.
While American steel makers play no official role in the import talks, they have been exerting pressure on the U.S. negotiators. In a September letter to Yeutter, for instance, Donald H. Trautlein, chairman of the American Iron and Steel Institute and head of Bethlehem Steel Corp., complained that Europe had "grossly and persistently violated" past restrictions on its steel shipments.
He demanded a rollback in the EC share of the U.S. market in order to achieve President Reagan's goal of limiting steel imports to 18 1/2 percent of sales here. Trautlein added that any agreement should cover all steel products, including semi-finished steel, and should be so tight, "given the past history of European violations," that there are no loopholes that would allow European producers to increase their sales.
"The time has come to make entirely proper U.S. demands and exact the requisite penalty for EC violations by very substantially reducing across the board" the European share of the American market, Trautlein said.
"Nothing less will satisfy the steel industry and, in our view, the Congress, the public and our national economic interest."

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Patent US8159335 - Controlling a user's interaction with a keyboard of a multi-application ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsMethods, apparatus, and computer program products for controlling a user's interaction with a keyboard of a multi-application electronic device such as a personal digital assistant. In one embodiment, a keyboard usage statistic for the user is determined and compared with a usage limit. Responsive to...http://www.google.com/patents/US8159335?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US8159335 - Controlling a user's interaction with a keyboard of a multi-application electronic deviceAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS8159335 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 11/371,745Publication dateApr 17, 2012Filing dateMar 9, 2006Priority dateMar 9, 2006Fee statusPaidAlso published asUS20070214393Publication number11371745, 371745, US 8159335 B2, US 8159335B2, US-B2-8159335, US8159335 B2, US8159335B2InventorsPatrick Herbert Cox, Jr.Original AssigneeInternational Business Machines CorporationExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (13), Non-Patent Citations (2), Classifications (7), Legal Events (2) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetControlling a user's interaction with a keyboard of a multi-application electronic device
US 8159335 B2Abstract
Methods, apparatus, and computer program products for controlling a user's interaction with a keyboard of a multi-application electronic device such as a personal digital assistant. In one embodiment, a keyboard usage statistic for the user is determined and compared with a usage limit. Responsive to the comparison, an input mode capability of the device may be altered by throttling keyboard input to a first application such as a text input application while permitting unlimited input to a second application such as a speech input application. Altering an input mode capability may include at least one of: disabling a keyboard function, enabling an alternate input mechanism, and instructing the user to use the alternate input mechanism.
1. A method for controlling a user's interaction with a keyboard of a multi-application electronic device, said method comprising:
determining a keyboard usage statistic for the user;
comparing the usage statistic with a usage limit; and
altering an input mode capability of the electronic device responsive to comparing the usage statistic with the usage limit by throttling keyboard input to a first application while permitting substantially unlimited input to a second application.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein throttling comprises limiting a rate at which keyboard strokes are accepted to a reduced rate that is greater than zero.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein altering an input mode capability further comprises at least one of: disabling a keyboard function and instructing the user to use the alternate input mechanism.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first application is substantially a text input application and the second application is substantially a voice input application.
5. The method of claim 1, further comprising accepting profile information entered by the user and determining the usage limit based on the profile information.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the usage statistic comprises determining a moving average of the number of keystrokes entered by the user over a specified time.
7. A computer program product for controlling a user's interaction with a keyboard of a multi-application electronic device, the computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer readable medium having computer readable program code embedded therein, the computer readable program code comprising:
computer readable program code configured to determine a keyboard usage statistic for the user;
computer readable program code configured to compare the usage statistic with a usage limit; and
computer readable program code configured to alter an input mode capability of the electronic device responsive to comparing the usage statistic with the usage limit by throttling keyboard input to a first application while permitting substantially unlimited input to a second application.
8. The computer program product of claim 7, wherein the computer readable program code configured to alter an input mode capability comprises computer readable program code configured to throttle keyboard input to a first application by limiting a rate at which keyboard strokes are accepted to a reduced rate that is greater than zero.
9. The computer program product of claim 7, wherein the computer readable program code configured to generate at least one control signal for at least one of: disabling a keyboard function and instructing the user to use the alternate input mechanism.
10. The computer program product of claim 7, wherein the first application is substantially a text input application and the second application is substantially a voice input application.
11. The computer program product of claim 7, further comprising computer readable program code configured to accept profile information provided by the user, and computer readable program code configured to determine the usage limit based on the profile information.
12. The computer program product of claim 7, wherein the computer readable program code configured to determine the usage statistic comprises computer readable program code configured to determine a moving average number of keystrokes entered by the user over a specified time.
13. A multi-application electronic device with provision for controlling a user's interaction with a keyboard of the electronic device, said electronic device comprising:
a memory operably connected to the processor and having encoded thereon program instructions, including:
program instructions for determining a keyboard usage statistic for the user;
program instructions for comparing the usage statistic with a usage limit; and
program instructions logic for altering an input mode capability of the electronic device responsive to comparing the usage statistic with the usage limit by throttling keyboard input to a first application while permitting substantially unlimited input to a second application.
14. The device of claim 13, wherein throttling comprises limiting a rate at which keyboard strokes are accepted to a reduced rate that is greater than zero.
15. The device of claim 13, wherein the program instructions for altering an input mode capability comprises program instructions for at least one of: disabling a keyboard function and instructing the user to use the alternate input mechanism.
16. The device of claim 15, wherein the alternate input mechanism recognizes voice input.
17. The device of claim 13, wherein the first application is substantially a text input application and the second application is substantially a voice input application.
18. The device of claim 13, further comprising program instructions for accepting profile information entered by the user and program instructions for determining the usage limit based on the profile information.
19. The device of claim 13, wherein the program instructions for determining the usage statistic comprises program instructions for determining a moving average of the number of keystrokes entered by the user over a specified time. Description
The invention applies to the field of electronic devices with keyboards, or equivalently keypads, and more particularly to controlling a user's interaction with the keyboard of such a device.
Someone who overuses or misuses a keyboard or keypad to enter data into an electronic device may be subject to orthopedic problems known generally as repetitive-motion or repetitive-use injuries. Such injuries reportedly may become more likely as the size of the keyboard or keypad decreases. For example, users may respond to ergonomic challenges presented by some very small keypads by entering data using only their thumbs, thereby risking inflammation of the sheath around the tendons of the thumbs if the keypad is used excessively.
Nevertheless, small electronic devices such as personal digital assistants, cellular telephones, and laptop computers have become extremely versatile, and may offer a wide variety of applications to the user. Consequently, approaches to guarding against repetitive-motion injuries developed for single-application devices such as typewriters are not necessarily suitable for modern multi-application electronic devices, since the user may interact with the multi-application device in different ways when using it for different applications.
Aspects of the invention include methods, apparatus, and computer program products for controlling a user's interaction with a keyboard or keypad of a multi-application electronic device such as a personal digital assistant, cellular telephone, or laptop computer, so as, for example, to minimize the likelihood of repetitive-motion injury, or for other purposes.
In an exemplary method encompassed by the invention, a keyboard usage statistic for the user is determined; the usage statistic is compared with a usage limit; and an input mode capability of the electronic device may be altered responsive to comparing the usage statistic with the usage limit by throttling keyboard input to a first application while permitting substantially unlimited input to a second application. The first application may be, for example, a text input application and the second application may be, for example, a voice input application. Altering an input mode capability may include, for example, some combination of disabling a keyboard function, enabling an alternate input mechanism, and instructing the user to use the alternate input mechanism. In some embodiments of the invention, the usage limit may be determined based on profile information entered by the user.
An exemplary electronic device according to the invention may include logic for determining a keyboard usage statistic for the user; logic for comparing the usage statistic with a usage limit; and logic for altering an input mode capability of the electronic device responsive to comparing the usage statistic with the usage limit by throttling keyboard input to a first application while permitting substantially unlimited input to a second application. The first application may be, for example, a text input application and the second application may be, for example, a voice input application. The device may include an alternate input mechanism, and the logic for altering an input mode capability may include logic for disabling at least one keyboard function, enabling the alternate input mechanism, or instructing the user to use the alternate input mechanism, or some combination thereof. The alternate input mechanism may be, for example, a speech recognition input mechanism. The device may also include logic for accepting profile information entered by the user and determining the usage limit based on the profile information.
The invention will now be described in more detail, with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is an exemplary block diagram that shows structural aspects of the invention; and
FIG. 2 is an exemplary flowchart that shows operational aspects of the invention.
Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product on a computer readable storage medium having computer-usable program code embodied in the medium. Any suitable computer-readable medium may be utilized, including computer readable storage mediums, such as: hard disks, CD-ROMs, optical storage devices, and magnetic storage devices. Alternatively, computer readable medium may include transmission media such as those supporting the Internet or an intranet.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram that shows exemplary structural aspects of the invention. For descriptive convenience, the components of FIG. 1 are divided into three groups: applications 100, operating components 140, and control components 170.
FIG. 1 shows two applications, a first application 101 and a second application 102. Here, the term application is to be interpreted broadly. Examples of applications in this context include software application programs or code such as spreadsheets and electronic mail text editors. Also to be included within the meaning are hardware-only and part-hardware-part-software applications such as the hardware and code needed to provide, for example, cellular telephone functions. Thus, a multi-application device may provide its user with, for example, email, spreadsheet, and telephony applications. For descriptive purposes herein, the first application may be a text input application and the second application may be a voice input application, although the invention is not so limited.
The operating components 140 may include means for supporting the applications 100. For example, FIG. 1 shows operating logic 142, operating memory 144, and input/output (I/O) components 146. The I/O components 146 may include a display 150, a keyboard or keypad 152, and an alternate input mechanism 154. The alternate input mechanism 154 may be, for example, a speech recognition system, or a virtual keyboard that appears on the display 150 to enable the user to enter data with a stylus. The control components 170 may include control logic 172, and profile information memory 174.
It is important to understand that the aforementioned components may be grouped and allocated in different ways, according to different embodiments of the invention. For example, in one embodiment of the invention, a hand-held multi-application device may work with a server to provide email. In such an embodiment, elements of the applications 100 may reside in the handheld device and elements of the applications 100 may reside in the server. In one such configuration, the operating components 140 may reside in the handheld device, and the control components may reside in the server. In such cases, the operating logic 142 and the control logic 172 may be provided by separate circuitry or processors, and the operating memory 144 may be separate from the profile memory 174.
In other embodiments of the invention, the operating components 140 and control components 170 may all reside in the handheld device. In such cases, the operating logic 142 and the control logic 172 may be provided by the same circuitry or processor, and the operating memory 144 and the profile memory 174 may be integrated.
One purpose of the control logic 172 is to determine keyboard usage. Here, the term “usage statistic” and terms indicating the specific value of the usage statistic are used interchangeably. In some embodiments, the usage statistic may be based on data gathered by the operating logic 142 by monitoring keystrokes entered by the user, for example by incrementing a counter in response to each keystroke entry. The operating logic 142 may send the data gathered or a consolidated value of the usage statistic to the control logic 172. For example, the usage statistic may be an average or a moving average of the number of keystrokes entered by the user in a predetermined period of time, such as the number of keystrokes entered in the most recent thirty minutes. In the same way, burst rates, peak rates, and longer or shorter time periods may be used. More generally, those skilled in the art will recognize that a wide variety of measures may be employed as the keyboard usage statistic, once taught the invention, and that the present invention is intended to encompass all of the various measures.
The control logic 172 compares the usage statistic with a usage limit. The usage limit may be a predetermined default or factory-set value that is widely applicable to users, or may be derived from profile information entered by the user and stored in the profile memory 174. For example, the user may provide his or her age, information regarding susceptibility or past experience with repetitive-use injuries, level of skill in keyboard entry, and the like. Based on the profile information, the usage limit may be personalized approximately to the user by selecting from a plurality of usage limits that are predetermined and stored in the profile memory 174, or by determining a usage limit when needed.
If the value of the keyboard usage statistic exceeds the usage limit, the control logic 172 provides a signal that alters, or causes to be altered, an input mode capability of the electronic device, under the supervision of the operating logic 142. Thus, responsive to comparing the usage statistic with the usage limit, keyboard input to a first application may be throttled while substantially unlimited input to a second application may be permitted. For example, keyboard entry to an email editor may be throttled, whereas keyboard entry into a cellular telephone dialing system of the same electronic device may be permitted without restriction.
Input may be throttled by disabling keyboard 152 altogether for entering data into the first application, or limiting the rate at which the keyboard 152 will accept keystroke entries for the first application to a reduced but non-zero rate. In other embodiments, various functions of the keyboard may be altered. For example, the keyboard may be restricted so as to accept only entries that are numerical, to permit a multi-application device to function as a cellular telephone but not as an email editor. In embodiments of the invention that include the alternative input mechanism 154, the control logic 172 may have the capability to enable the alternate input mechanism 154 and instruct the user to use the alternate input mechanism 154, for example through the operating logic 142 and the display 150.
FIG. 2 is a flowchart that shows exemplary operational aspects of the invention, which will now be described in the context established above with reference to FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 2, profile information may be accepted (block 200) during a set-up phase, which information may be stored in the profile memory 174. The control logic 172 may then derive or otherwise determine a usage limit from the profile information (block 210); alternatively, a default value may be used for the usage limit.
Keyboard usage is monitored (block 220), preferably by the operating logic 142, for example by incrementing a counter for each keystroke entered by the user. A keyboard usage statistic is determined (block 230) from the data gathered by monitoring keyboard usage, preferably by the control logic 172, for example by computing a moving average over time of the number of keystroke entries.
The keyboard usage statistic is compared with the usage limit (block 240), preferably by the control logic 172. If the keyboard usage statistic is less than the usage limit (block 250, yes), the process returns to monitor keyboard usage (block 220). Otherwise (i.e., the keyboard usage statistic is greater than or equal to the usage limit; block 250, no), an input mode capability of the electronic device is altered (block 260), as described above with reference to FIG. 1.
Although the foregoing has described systems, methods, and computer program products for controlling a user's interaction with a keyboard of a multi-application electronic device, the description of the invention is illustrative rather than limiting, and the invention is limited only by the claims that follow.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS5305238Nov 3, 1992Apr 19, 1994Key Tronic CorporationData input monitor and indicator for managing work pace and rest periodsUS5792972 *Oct 25, 1996Aug 11, 1998Muse Technologies, Inc.Method and apparatus for controlling the tempo and volume of a MIDI file during playback through a MIDI player deviceUS5868647Jul 14, 1997Feb 9, 1999Belsole; Robert J.Apparatus and method for reducing repetitive strain injuriesUS5888173Aug 10, 1995Mar 30, 1999Singhal; Tara ChandHealth saver computer breakUS6065138 *Jan 7, 1997May 16, 2000Magnitude LlcComputer activity monitoring systemUS6142910Jun 11, 1999Nov 7, 2000Heuvelman; John A.Method and therapy software system for preventing computer operator injuriesUS6298324 *Nov 12, 1998Oct 2, 2001Microsoft CorporationSpeech recognition system with changing grammars and grammar help commandUS6581025Feb 13, 2002Jun 17, 2003Discovision AssociatesTime and work tracker for wireless devicesUS20060058049 *Aug 22, 2005Mar 16, 2006Mclaughlin Thomas JNetwork communication systemUS20060139312 *Dec 23, 2004Jun 29, 2006Microsoft CorporationPersonalization of user accessibility optionsUS20060281448 *Jun 13, 2005Dec 14, 2006Research In Motion LimitedMultiple keyboard context sensitivity for application usageUS20070078625 *Sep 30, 2005Apr 5, 2007Mark MurphyTool to facilitate safer computer usage of individual usersUS20090115730 *Jul 30, 2005May 7, 2009Sungsoo KimData input device and method thereof* Cited by examinerNon-Patent CitationsReference1 *A detailed analysis of RSIGuard's datalogger functionality, Apr. 2004.2 *RSIGuard helps you take control of repetitive strain injuries, 2000-2004.* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification340/407.1International ClassificationH04B3/36Cooperative ClassificationG06F2201/88, G06F11/3438, G06F3/023European ClassificationG06F3/023, G06F11/34CLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionApr 5, 2006ASAssignmentOwner name: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION, NEW YFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:COX, JR., PATRICK HERBERT;REEL/FRAME:017423/0025Effective date: 20060302Sep 30, 2015FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services


text:
c# - Iterate through data returned from var to get names and values of columns - Stack Overflow
I am using Linq to Entities in a method and returning specific columns of data from the method. I don't know what type I'll be returning so I rigged it to return a List. If someone knows a better way than the way I rigged it, PLEASE let me know. See the code below. After returning this data, I then need to iterate through the columns to get the column name and the value. I can see the string that the object has in it and it's JSON. It has "{ Column1 : Value1, Column2 : Value2 }". How can I iterate through to not just get the value, but get the name too...without using reflection?
Here's an example of the method I'm calling off to:
public static List<object> GetDataSource(string QueryName)
switch (QueryName)
case "FirstQuery":
var s = (from x in myEntity.TableName
Column1 = x.FirstColumn,
Column2 = x.SecondColumn
return s.Cast<object>().ToList();
c# linq entity-framework linq-to-entities share|improve this question edited Oct 9 '09 at 21:11
asked Oct 9 '09 at 16:22
Anonymous types are local scoped. You cannot use them outside the method they were defined in (besides resorting to a horrible grotty hack). Why not just define some domain class that will represent your data in a strongly typed manner:
public static IEnumerable<Table> GetDataSource(string QueryName)
return from x in myEntity.TableName
return Enumerable.Empty<Table>();
share|improve this answer answered Oct 9 '09 at 16:30
Well I want to be able to return different types, so if I have a case "SecondQuery", I would need to be able to return class Table2 as well. Then there's still the issue of getting the column names by iterating through the returned data that I can't do without reflection.
I managed to implement the way you needed. It worked for me:
public int Column2 { get; set; }}
public static IEnumerable<T> GetDataSource<T>()
if (typeof(T) == typeof(Table))
IQueryable<Table> query = from x in myEntity.Table1
Column1 = x.TheColumn1,
Column2 = x.TheColumn2
return query.ToList().Cast<T>();
if (typeof(T) == typeof(Table2))
IQueryable<Table2> query = from x in myEntity.Table2
select new Table2
TestColumn1 = x.TheColumn123,
TestColumn2 = x.TheColumn321
I haven't used the QueryName parameter, but you can always add it if there is more then one data sources that can IEnumerable.
share|improve this answer answered Oct 10 '09 at 9:56
2,6801531
Well this definitely looks better than my rigged List<object> return type, but with my GetDataSource I didn't need to know which type I would be returning. In this case, I'll have to call off to the method with the type (which I don't know), e.g. "GetDataSource<Table2>();". All I know ahead of time is the query name that I want to call. Also, how could I retrieve the column names (the properties of the Table classes) without using reflection? I'm probably just making this way too complicated, but I'm not sure how to simplify it.
Oct 10 '09 at 19:31
Hmm,to retrieve the property names form an object without reflection, not possible I believe. Although I don't have information about how your project is organized, even if you accomplish that I think that code will be difficult to read, track, change in future. From my point of view (actually Martin Fowler's in book Refactoring)for each method should be obvious what it does just by looking at it's name. So, if possible, I would create one method for each data source (QueryName) you have, without using one method and "hacks" to get results from that method.
Oct 11 '09 at 14:33
The QueryName is stored in a string on the database or in xml or something. I can only retrieve it as a string. How can I dynamically declare call GetDataSource, sending that string QueryName as the Type? Basically, this: GetDataSource<"QueryName">(); If I could get that your example code would work for me. I'd still need to use reflection, but it would really be a fairly minor performance hit.
getting two column values from same table depending on the condition

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text:
United States' telegraph--extra : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive
United States' telegraph--extra
[archiveorg unitedstatestele01wash width=560 height=384 frameborder=0 webkitallowfullscreen=true mozallowfullscreen=true]
Graphic Violence Graphic Sexual Content Spam, Scam or Fraud Broken or Empty Data textsUnited States' telegraph--extra Published 1828
Topics Campaign literature, 1828 -- Democratic. [from old catalog], United States -- Politics and government 1825-1829 Scanningcenter capitolhillMediatype textsIdentifier-bib 00118954452Identifier unitedstatestele01washImagecount 520Ppi 300Camera Canon 5DOperator scanner-quinnisha-smith@...Scanner scribe10.capitolhill.archive.orgScandate 20080505192415Identifier-access http://www.archive.org/details/unitedstatestele01washIdentifier-ark ark:/13960/t00006s0kSponsordate 20080531Filesxml Wed Aug 19 4:14:40 UTC 2009Backup_location ia903601_33
Publisher Washington, Green & Jarvis
Call number 9138908
United States' telegraph--extra Apr 30, 2008
An argument on the powers, duties, and conduct of the Hon. John C. Calhoun, a vice president of the United States, and president of the Senate Apr 30, 2008
Fendall, Philip Ricard, 1794-1868; Miscellaneous Pamphlet Collection (Library of Congress) DLC
Proceedings and address of the New-Jersey state convention, assembled at Trenton, on the eighth day of January, 1828, which nominated Andrew Jackson for president, John C. Calhoun for vice-president, of the United States Apr 23, 2008
Democratic party. New Jersey
Vol 2: "A mirror for the pretended Democracy," from the National intelligencer of Oct. 1, 1840: to which is added, a report on executive patronage, made to the Senate of the United States, May 4, 1826 May 7, 2008
United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Executive Patronage; Miscellaneous Pamphlet Collection (Library of Congress) DLC
The political mirror; or, Review of Jacksonism .. Apr 30, 2008

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Greg Stewart (ice hockey) - Wikipedia
Greg Stewart (ice hockey)
246th overall, 2004
Gregory John Stewart (born May 21, 1986) is a professional ice hockey left winger. Stewart was born in Kitchener, Ontario.
Stewart was drafted in the eighth round, 246th overall in the 2004 NHL Entry Draft by the Montreal Canadiens from the Peterborough Petes of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). On May 30, 2006, Greg signed a three-year entry level contract with the Canadiens.[1] Stewart made his professional debut in the 2006–07 playing the full season with the Cincinnati Cyclones of the ECHL.
In the 2007–08, Stewart was assigned to AHL affiliate, the Hamilton Bulldogs, for the majority of the year posting 10 goals in 69 games. On April 2, 2008, he was recalled from the Bulldogs and played his first NHL game on April 5, 2008, in the last game of the regular season against the Toronto Maple Leafs.[2]
Demoted after 5 games with the Canadiens to the Bulldogs in the 2009–10 season. Appearing in 45 games with the Bulldogs for 10 points, Stewart was then loaned to the Chicago Wolves in exchange for Michael Vernace on March 10, 2010.[3]
On July 16, 2010, Stewart signed as a free agent with the Edmonton Oilers to a one-year contract.[4] Stewart played his first pre-season game for Edmonton on September 21, 2010. He scored the game-winning goal, as the Oilers defeated the Vancouver Canucks 3-2.[5]
He is the cousin of Cam Stewart, the former Boston Bruins, Florida Panthers and Minnesota Wild forward.
^ "Canadiens sign Lacasse and Stewart". Montreal Canadiens. 2006-05-30. Retrieved 2010-07-17. ^ "Canadiens finish season with win to set up first round with Bruins". CBS Sports. 2008-04-05. Retrieved 2010-07-19. ^ "Wolves get Stewart, Bulldogs add Vernace". The AHL. 2010-03-10. Retrieved 2010-03-10. ^ "Oilers sign free agent Winger Stewart to one-year deal". The Sports Network. 2010-07-16. Retrieved 2010-07-19. ^ "Oilers edge Canucks 3-2". External links[edit]
Greg Stewart career statistics at The Internet Hockey Database
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Greg_Stewart_(ice_hockey)&oldid=733405158"	Categories: 1986 birthsLiving peopleCanadian ice hockey defencemenBelfast Giants playersChicago Wolves playersCincinnati Cyclones (ECHL) playersHamilton Bulldogs (AHL) playersIce hockey people from OntarioSportspeople from Kitchener, OntarioMontreal Canadiens draft picksMontreal Canadiens playersOklahoma City Barons playersPeterborough Petes (ice hockey) playersElite Ice Hockey League players	Navigation menu
DeutschFrançais	Edit links	This page was last edited on 7 August 2016, at 15:55.

value: This website is the English-language edition of the free online encyclopedia Wikipedia. It was founded on 15 January 2001 as Wikipedia's first edition and, as of October 2021, has the most articles of any edition, at 6,412,521.