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Amazon.com: S&w M&p9 Mags
11 results for "S&w M&p9 Mags"
S&W M&P 9 Pro IDPA Competition Shooters Value Packby Blade-Tech$72.40 - $89.99PrimeSome options are Prime eligibleMore Buying Choices$72.40new(6 offers)
12FREE Shipping on eligible ordersProduct FeaturesFits S&W M&P 9 ProSports & Outdoors:See all 11 itemsGun Holster for Smith and Wesson M&P Shield 9MMby Pro-Tech$21.97$24.95
80FREE Shipping on eligible ordersProduct Description... Tech's WSB-20 holster is Custom fit for Smith and Wesson M&P Shield ...Sports & Outdoors:See all 11 itemsXGRIP S&W M&PC fits the M&P Compact Pistol 9mm/.40cal/.357. Installs instantly with no tools. Made in the U.S.A...by XGRIP, X GRIP, X-GRIP$13.18More Buying Choices$13.04new(4 offers)
204FREE Shipping on eligible ordersProduct FeaturesCompatible with factory S&W M&P 15 or 17 round magazines in 9mm, .Sports & Outdoors:See all 11 itemsOUTBAGS OB-30SC Nylon OWB Belt Gun Holster with Mag Pouch for Glock 26 / 27 / 29 / 30 / 40, Ruger SR9C / SR40C...by OutBags$16.50
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text: Patent US7637410 - Surgical instrument including a locking assembly - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign in<nobr>Advanced Patent Search</nobr>PatentsA surgical instrument including a handle portion, a body portion, an articulating tool assembly and a locking assembly is disclosed. The body portion extends distally from the handle portion and defines a first longitudinal axis. The articulating tool assembly defines a second longitudinal axis and is...http://www.google.com/patents/US7637410?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7637410 - Surgical instrument including a locking assemblyAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS7637410 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 11/544,983Publication dateDec 29, 2009Filing dateOct 6, 2006Priority dateOct 6, 2006Fee statusPaidAlso published asCA2605105A1, EP1915953A1, EP1915953B1, EP2281513A1, EP2281513B1, EP2281514A1, US20080083810Publication number11544983, 544983, US 7637410 B2, US 7637410B2, US-B2-7637410, US7637410 B2, US7637410B2InventorsStanislaw MarczykOriginal AssigneeTyco Healthcare Group LpExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (102), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (8), Classifications (13), Legal Events (3) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetSurgical instrument including a locking assemblyUS 7637410 B2Abstract A surgical instrument including a handle portion, a body portion, an articulating tool assembly and a locking assembly is disclosed. The body portion extends distally from the handle portion and defines a first longitudinal axis. The articulating tool assembly defines a second longitudinal axis and is movable from a first position where the second longitudinal axis is substantially aligned with the first longitudinal axis to at least a second position where the second longitudinal axis is at an angle to the first longitudinal axis. The locking assembly includes a pusher in mechanical cooperation with the body portion and a pivot in mechanical cooperation with the articulating tool assembly. The pusher includes a mating surface dimensioned to mate with a pivot mating surface. The pusher is distally biased towards the pivot and is forced proximally as the articulating tool assembly is moved to the second position.

type: global

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Amazon.com: Profile for gemgal
Top Reviewer Ranking: 3,677,415 (Learn More) (Learn More) - Total Helpful Votes: 5 of 10
Merdian Point Weekly Pill Box Wallet by Meridian Point
Compartments too small, April 10, 2013
You can probably fit 2-3 pills in each one, depending on the size of your pills. Some pills are just too large to fit in even as the only pill in the compartment. Otherwise, a neat and small organzied way to carry your medicine.
Train Your Dog - The Positive Gentle Method DVD ~ Nicole Wilde
Beginning and Intermediate Dog Training DVD ~ Paul Owens


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Latest News for: tax return (united states)
The notice should not be used to prepare tax returns as the estimates indicated in the notice may differ from the ultimate federal income tax characterization of distributions ... Statements in this press release that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements as defined by the United States securities laws ... UNITED STATES NORTH AMERICA NEW YORK....
He's asking lawmakers to renew part of a temporary 1 percent state sales tax whose expiration is the main driver of the hole in next year's budget ... But it remains uncertain if enough members of the House's competing factions will broker an agreement to reach the two-thirds vote required to pass a tax ... Louisiana has a 5 percent state sales tax rate that drops to 4 percent on July 1, when the new budget year begins....
He called it the state's last chance to "adequately fund our priorities." ... State lawmakers kicked off their fourth legislative session this year Monday afternoon, with frustration simmering about disputes that cratered two prior sessions on taxes ... The Democratic governor is asking lawmakers to renew part of a temporary 1 percent state sales tax whose expiration is the main driver of the budget hole....
State lawmakers kicked off their fourth legislative session this year Monday afternoon, with frustration simmering about disputes that cratered two prior sessions on taxes. The tax debate centers ... The Democratic governor is asking lawmakers to renew part of a temporary 1 percent state sales tax whose expiration is the main driver of the budget hole....
UNITED NATIONS ... The Small Arms Survey says 393 million of the civilian-held firearms, 46 percent, are in the United States, which is "more than those held by civilians in the other top 25 countries combined." "American civilians buy an average of 14 million new firearms every year, and that means the United States is an overwhelming presence on civilian markets," the report's author, Aaron Karp, said at a news conference....
Secondly, to attract young professionals to stay or return, we need to have more high-paying jobs that are career-oriented ... It costs $7 million to build the 32 units at Conway Pines; that’s $220,000 per unit! We’re only able to rent at those “affordable” prices because much of the money to build it came from local, state, and federal governments ... Tax breaks for long-term housing rentals ... Lower the ridiculous taxes in the Conway area!....
With a 529 plan, you're allowed to make after-tax contributions into an account that you own, naming your child as beneficiary. You can invest the money you contribute, and the income and gains in those investments don't get taxed while the money's in the account ... In addition, some states add tax incentives of their own, such as deductions on your state income tax return....
immigration policy that separates children from parents illegally crossing from Mexico into the United States resulting in their arrests ... "This is not a position that he has specifically against the United States ... "In the United States, I am deeply concerned by recently adopted policies which punish children for their parents' actions," he said in Geneva, home of the council....
That’s why, in returning to the polls for the revote, voters should accept the proposed 3.7 percent increase in the tax levy, allow the district to provide the services and programs offered under the trimmed-down budget, and continue to work with school board members, school administrators, state legislators and one another to ensure students get the best possible education for the lowest possible cost....

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Jules Reid, McPherson Gown | Swank | Pinterest
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Study Guide to DSM-IV by Michael A Fauman - New, Rare & Used Books Online at Alibris Marketplace
Study Guide to DSM-IV	by
Michael A Fauman
This book interprets updated DSM IV diagnoses through extensive case studies, clinical vignettes, and questions and answers. For clinicians at all ...
This book interprets updated DSM IV diagnoses through extensive case studies, clinical vignettes, and questions and answers. For clinicians at all levels of practice and expertise, the study guide to the DSM IV is a useful companion that helps bring DSM IV into everyday patient situations.
Study Guide to DSM-IV – Trade paperback
by Michael A Fauman
ISBN: 0880486961
ISBN-13: 9780880486965
Dsm-IV Casebook: A Learning Companion to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition
Professor Robert L Spitzer, Miriam Gibbon, Andrew E Skodol
Title: Study Guide to Dsm-IV
9780880486965
Publisher: American Psychiatric Pub, Inc
Description: Good. 0880486961 Some visible wear, and minimal interior marks....
Good. 0880486961 Some visible wear, and minimal interior marks. Unbeatable customer service, and we usually ship the same or next day. Over one million satisfied customers!
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text:
Thue ( watermill ) UPDATED 2018: 11 Bedroom Watermill in Vendee with Grill and Balcony - TripAdvisor
11 Bedroom Watermill with Grill and Balcony
Thue is an 18th century converted Water Mill set in six acres of private land, located in the Vendee region of Western France. Recently converted into The Mill and The Wheelhouse which can be interconnected giving a very large 11 bedroom property, or rented individually. Both are large properties, the Wheelhouse with 4 bedrooms and the Mill with 7. Each has a private heated pool. Thue is only a 10 minute walk from L'Hermenault, a small farming village. It is ideally situated, combining easy access from Cross Channel Ferry Ports and the fabulous climate found South of the Loire Valley. Facilities include fully equipped kitchens, large lounge areas, two heated swimming pools and large private garden areas surrounded by woodland. The grounds comprise 6 Acres of garden and woods with shallow...Thue is an 18th century converted Water Mill set in six acres of private land, located in the Vendee region of Western France. Recently converted into The Mill and The Wheelhouse which can be interconnected giving a very large 11 bedroom property, or rented individually. Both are large properties, the Wheelhouse with 4 bedrooms and the Mill with 7. Each has a private heated pool. Thue is only a 10 minute walk from L'Hermenault, a small farming village. It is ideally situated, combining easy access from Cross Channel Ferry Ports and the fabulous climate found South of the Loire Valley. Facilities include fully equipped kitchens, large lounge areas, two heated swimming pools and large private garden areas surrounded by woodland. The grounds comprise 6 Acres of garden and woods with shallow stream, cycle track through wooded area, 8m Diameter round pool and a 10m x 5m oval pool, and two large BBQ areas with large fixed stone built BBQs. 3 hours easy drive from the nearest Cross Channel Ferry Port, St Malo and a 50 minute drive to beaches and the bustling fishing town of La Rochelle. Thue is secluded but within 10 minute walking distance of the quiet village of L'Hermenault, which boasts friendly local bars and shops including a fantastic bakery, butchers, post office, supermarket, bank/cask point etc.More
benhE4975VG
Thank benhE4975VG
aniram_12 lancs, uk
Many thanks to Pete and Steve for renting us their property. There were 19 of us all together (12 adults and 7 kids) spread across the Wheelhouse and Mill and quite frankly you could have fit in another 15 or so easily. Unfortunately we were...More
Thank aniram_12
Keiran14 Manchester, United Kingdom
The perfect setting for a wonderful holiday Oui oui! Bon bon!
We hired out Thue and The Millhouse for a week in a group of 20 even though the property could easily sleep more. This meant we had access to an abundance of facilities including good kitchen space and a wonderful garden, perfect if you are...More
Thank Keiran14
La Rochelle (www.larochelle.fr/english/index.php) (http://www.larochelle-tourisme.com/en/) is France's 2nd largest boat building port and the historic Vieux Port remains largely unchanged. A daily fish market can be found in the old town until 12:00 midday. The port is very attractive and waterside cafes and restaurants offer arelaxing break. The seafood platters are their speciality and are excellent especially for large groups, where a single huge dish of shellfish is produced. The new marina holds Europe's largest aquarium which is open 365 days a year and has a large selection of fish from highly coloured tropical types to eels and sharks. £4. Futuroscope (www.futuroscope.com/eng/index.php) is situated near Poitiers, it combines latest cinematic developments with the entertainment and...
Cross Channel Ports to use are St Malo, Caen, Le Havre or Cherbourg. St Malo is the easiest and involves only a short drive of some three hours on good roads. The drive from Calais can take up to seven hours. The best route generally is to get onto the N137 as soon as possible, heading south signposted Nantes then La Rochelle until you reach the village of St Hermine Flying with Ryanair or Flybe is very quick, easy and usually cheap, though prices vary a lot. La Rochelle is the best airport to use as it is only 45 minute drive, Poitiers is a lttle further and takes about an hour.

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text:
Feedback rating: 21,608
63,589 results found
2012/2013 Football League: Regulations Of The League - Extracts For The Informat
AU $4.68	+AU $4.68 postage	17/11/1993 Northern Ireland v Republic Of Ireland [At W
AU $4.68	+AU $3.11 postage	27/12/1990 Swindon Town: News Release 'New Chairman For Swindon Town Football Cl
AU $4.68	+AU $7.81 postage	29/10/2011 Swindon Town v Bradford City - Menu For Game, Full Colour, Possibly f
AU $4.68	+AU $7.81 postage	20/10/1990 Swindon Town v West Ham United - Kick Off Programme For Game, Present
AU $4.68	+AU $7.81 postage	20/10/1995 Wolverhampton Wanderers U21 v Nottingham For
AU $4.68	+AU $2.33 postage	01/10/1956 Theatre Programme: Alexandra Birmingham - The School For Wives (Folde
AU $4.68	+AU $4.68 postage	02/05/2002 Football Writers Association: Menu For The Footballer Of Year Dinner
AU $7.81	+AU $4.68 postage	1991/1992 Swindon Town: Rates Card For Seasons Advertising, 4 Pages
AU $4.68	+AU $7.81 postage	1996/1997 Swindon Town: Executive Box Receipt For Seasons Hire
AU $4.68	+AU $7.81 postage	1995/1996 Swindon Town: Executive Box Receipt For Seasons Hire
AU $4.68	+AU $7.81 postage	18/07/1997 Derby County: The Official Programme For The Opening Of Pride Park St
AU $6.24	+AU $4.68 postage	1994/1995 Swindon Town: Executive Box Receipt For Seasons Hire
AU $4.68	+AU $7.81 postage	1993/1994 Swindon Town: Executive Box Receipt For Seasons Hire
AU $4.68	+AU $7.81 postage	Apr-1996 Aston Villa: Claret & Blue..Just For You! Official Magazine - No.19, Vi
AU $6.24	+AU $4.68 postage	circa 93/94 Swindon Town: Directors Box Pass For KJ Chapman [Credit Card Style,
AU $6.24	+AU $7.81 postage	Apr-1994 Aston Villa: Claret & Blue..Just For You! Official Magazine - No.07, Fa
AU $6.24	+AU $4.68 postage	Feb-1996 Aston Villa: Claret & Blue..Just For You! Official Magazine - No.17, Fo
AU $4.68	+AU $4.68 postage	Apr-1995 Aston Villa: Claret & Blue..Just For You! Official Magazine - No.13, Vi
AU $4.68	+AU $4.68 postage	1991/1992 Swindon Town: Directors Box Ticket For Season, With Three Parts Still
AU $4.68	+AU $7.81 postage	Mar-1997 Aston Villa: Claret & Blue..Just For You! Official Magazine - No.26, Ma
AU $4.68	+AU $4.68 postage	Nov-1996 Aston Villa: Claret & Blue..Just For You! Official Magazine - No.23, As
AU $4.68	+AU $4.68 postage	Summer-94 Aston Villa: Claret & Blue..Just For You! Official Magazine - No.08, H
AU $4.68	+AU $4.68 postage	Jan-1997 Aston Villa: Claret & Blue..Just For You! Official Magazine - No.24, Sp
AU $4.68	+AU $4.68 postage	Mar-1996 Aston Villa: Claret & Blue..Just For You! Official Magazine - No.18, Se
AU $4.68	+AU $4.68 postage	Apr-1999 Aston Villa: Claret & Blue..Just For You! Official Magazine - Issue 38,
AU $4.68	+AU $4.68 postage	Sep-1995 Aston Villa: Claret & Blue..Just For You! Official Magazine - No.14, Sa
AU $4.68	+AU $4.68 postage	Dec-1995 Aston Villa: Claret & Blue..Just For You! Official Magazine - No.16, Fo
AU $4.68	+AU $4.68 postage	Sep-1998 Aston Villa: Claret & Blue..Just For You! Official Magazine - Issue 34,
AU $4.68	+AU $4.68 postage	Sep-1996 Aston Villa: Claret & Blue..Just For You! Official Magazine - No.21, Ba
AU $4.68	+AU $4.68 postage	Nov-1993 Aston Villa: Claret & Blue..Just For You! Official Magazine - No.03, Sw
AU $4.68	+AU $4.68 postage	Oct-1996 Aston Villa: Claret & Blue..Just For You! Official Magazine - No.22, Eu
AU $4.68	+AU $4.68 postage	May-1998 Aston Villa: Claret & Blue..Just For You! Official Magazine - Issue 33,
AU $4.68	+AU $4.68 postage	Feb-1994 Aston Villa: Claret & Blue..Just For You! Official Magazine - No.05, St
AU $4.68	+AU $4.68 postage	Mar-1995 Aston Villa: Claret & Blue..Just For You! Official Magazine - No.12, Ia
AU $4.68	+AU $4.68 postage	Nov-1995 Aston Villa: Claret & Blue..Just For You! Official Magazine - No.15, Ma
AU $4.68	+AU $4.68 postage	Jun-1996 Aston Villa: Claret & Blue..Just For You! Official Magazine - No.20, Fo
AU $4.68	+AU $4.68 postage	Jan-1999 Aston Villa: Claret & Blue..Just For You! Official Magazine - Issue 36,
AU $4.68	+AU $4.68 postage	Feb-1997 Aston Villa: Claret & Blue..Just For You! Official Magazine - No.25, Wh
AU $4.68	+AU $4.68 postage	Jan-1995 Aston Villa: Claret & Blue..Just For You! Official Magazine - No.11, Br
AU $4.68	+AU $4.68 postage	Mar-1994 Aston Villa: Claret & Blue..Just For You! Official Magazine - No.06, We
AU $6.24	+AU $4.68 postage	20/05/2004 Football Writers Association: Menu For The Footballer Of Year Dinner
AU $7.81	+AU $4.68 postage	Sep/Oct 97 Aston Villa: Claret & Blue..Just For You! Official Magazine - No.28,
AU $4.68	+AU $4.68 postage	circa 1990's Celtic: Hoops Magazine, No.3, The Magazine For The Members Of The H
AU $6.24	+AU $4.68 postage	May-1999 Aston Villa: Claret & Blue..Just For You! Official Magazine - Issue 39,
AU $4.68	+AU $4.68 postage	1994/1995 Swindon Town: Business Opportunities For The Season, A4, fold Out Styl
AU $4.68	+AU $7.81 postage	13/05/2010 Football Writers Association: Menu For The Footballer Of Year Dinner
AU $7.81	+AU $4.68 postage	circa 2000's Stoke City: Ground Safety Stewards Aide-Memoir, For Sector 4 Positi
AU $4.68	+AU $4.68 postage	1986/1987 Norwich City: Price List Brochure [4 Pages] For Season & Match Tickets
AU $4.68	+AU $4.68 postage	17/10/1995 St Cuthbert Wanderers v Clyde [Opening Of Floodlights] (4 Pages, Fold
AU $6.24	+AU $4.68 postage	Page 1 of 1272

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Pei-Jing Rong28
Hui Ben20
Xin-Yan Gao12
Liang Li12
32Pei-Jing Rong
20Hui Ben
19Wei He
15Xiang-Hong Jing
Yu-qing Li, Bing Zhu, Peijing Rong, Hui Ben, Yan-hua Li
AIM To investigate the acupuncture-modulated gastric motility and its underlying neural mechanism. METHODS Intragastric pressure and/or waves of gastric contraction in rats were recorded by… (More)
[Studies on polysaccharide of Rheum palmatum L].
Shiyun Zhang, Shou-yao Zhang, L Q Wang, Bing Zhu
Two homogeneous acidic heteroglycans DHP-1 and DHP-2 were obtained from the root of Rheum palmatum, the mean molecular weights being 11 x 10(4) and 2.5 x 10(4) respectively. It was identified by TLC… (More)
Auricular acupuncture has been used for various autonomic disorders in clinical practice. It has been theorized that different auricular areas have distinct influence on autonomic functions. The… (More)
Peijing Rong, Bing Zhu, Qi-fu Huang, Xin-yan Gao, Hui Ben, Yan-hua Li
Bing Zhu, Peijing Rong, Hui Ben, Yuqing Li, Weidong Xu, Xinyan Gao
The meridian phenomena are closely associated with the neuro-muscular function. Our experiments show that meridian phenomenon, acupoint stimulation-induced generating-sensations along meridians… (More)
[Effect of moxibustion-like thermal stimulation with different temperature and covering different areas of "zhongwan" (CV 12) on discharges of neurons in medullary subnucleus reticularis dorsalis of…
Liang Li, Jin-Sheng Yang, Peijing Rong, Hui Ben, Xin-yan Gao, Bing Zhu
OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of regional thermal (moxibustion-like) stimulation on discharges of neurons in the medullary subnucleus reticularis dorsalis (SRD) and to study the best thermal… (More)

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Patent US20060030364 - Method and apparatus to improve channel quality for use in wireless ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign in<nobr>Advanced Patent Search</nobr>PatentsA technique which improves SINR in a communication system utilizing MIMO antennas is described. Transmitter and receiver components use fixed transmit and receive beamforming matrices and variable transmit and receive beamforming vectors. A method of channel conditioning using an iterative closed loop...http://www.google.com/patents/US20060030364?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US20060030364 - Method and apparatus to improve channel quality for use in wireless communications systems with multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennasAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS20060030364 A1Publication typeApplicationApplication numberUS 11/167,736Publication dateFeb 9, 2006Filing dateJun 27, 2005Priority dateAug 6, 2004Also published asUS7583982, US20090316307Publication number11167736, 167736, US 2006/0030364 A1, US 2006/030364 A1, US 20060030364 A1, US 20060030364A1, US 2006030364 A1, US 2006030364A1, US-A1-20060030364, US-A1-2006030364, US2006/0030364A1, US2006/030364A1, US20060030364 A1, US20060030364A1, US2006030364 A1, US2006030364A1InventorsRobert Lind Olesen, Jaeyoung Kwak, Aykut BultanOriginal AssigneeInterdigital Technology CorporationExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManReferenced by (28), Classifications (20), Legal Events (4) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetMethod and apparatus to improve channel quality for use in wireless communications systems with multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennasUS 20060030364 A1Abstract A technique which improves SINR in a communication system utilizing MIMO antennas is described. Transmitter and receiver components use fixed transmit and receive beamforming matrices and variable transmit and receive beamforming vectors. A method of channel conditioning using an iterative closed loop process is also described. Images(7) Claims(28)
1. A method to improve quality of a wireless communication channel in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system, comprising: processing a signal for transmission by a transmitter having a plurality of M transmit (TX) antennas including: defining a signal path for each of the M TX antennas; applying an M-size TX beamforming vector to the signal across the M signal paths; and processing the signal with a unitary matrix; and transmitting the processed signal by the plurality of M antennas, whereby the transmitted signal is selectively adjusted in direct correlation with the corresponding TX beamforming vector; receiving the transmitted signal by a receiver having a plurality of N receive (RX) antennas including: defining a signal path for each of the N RX antennas; processing the received signal with the Hermitian of the unitary matrix; and applying an N-size RX beamforming vector whereby the received signal is selectively adjusted in direct correlation with the corresponding RX beamforming vector; and conditioning the communication processing by: determining a choice beamforming vector; and continuing the processing of communicating signals by applying the choice beamforming vector. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the unitary matrix is a Butler matrix. 3. The method of claim 1 where the transmitter has stored in a memory a predefined set of M-size TX beamforming vectors further comprising: processing a set of signals for transmission by applying a different M-size TX beamforming vector of the predefined vector set across the M signal paths to each signal, and transmitting each processed signal by the plurality of M antennas; receiving each of the transmitted signals by the receiver; and the conditioning step includes: measuring a preferred characteristic of each received signal; selecting the received signal with a best characteristic from among the received signals; and identifying the TX beamforming vector that was used to produce the received signal with a best characteristic as the choice beamforming vector; and implementing in the transmitter the choice beamforming vector. 4. The method of claim 3 further comprising: monitoring selected characteristics of signals received from said transmitter after implementation of the choice beamforming vector in the transmitter; and reconditioning the channel in response to selectively defined changes in the monitored characteristics by repeating the processing, receiving, measuring, selecting and identifying steps with respect to set of stored TX beamforming vectors to re-determine the choice beamforming vector; and implementing the re-determined choice beamforming vector in the transmitter. 5. The method of claim 3 wherein the conditioning step further includes: calculating a channel matrix after implementing in the transmitter the choice beamforming vector; using the channel matrix to calculate a choice RX beamforming vector; implementing the choice RX beamforming vector in the receiver; using the channel matrix to calculate a choice TX beamforming vector; and implementing choice TX beamforming vector in the transmitter. 6. The method of claim 3 where the set of stored TX beamforming vectors are indexed wherein: the transmitting each processed signal includes transmitting an index of the TX beamforming vector that was used to produce the signal; the receiving each of the transmitted signals includes receiving the index of the TX beamforming vector that was used to produce the signal; and the conditioning step includes sending the transmitter the index of the TX beamforming vector that was identified as the choice beamforming vector to enable implementation of the choice beamforming vector in the transmitter. 7. The method of claim 6 where the receiver has stored in a memory a predefined set of N-size RX beamforming vectors further comprising: receiving with the plurality of N antennas each of a set of signals from said transmitter and processing each signal by applying a different N-size RX beamforming vector of the predefined vector set across the N signal paths to each signal; and the conditioning step includes: measuring a preferred characteristic of each processed received signal; selecting the processed received signal with a best characteristic from among the processed received signals; and identifying the RX beamforming vector that was used to produce the processed received signal with the best characteristic as a choice RX beamforming vector; and implementing in the receiver the choice RX beamforming vector. 8. The method of claim 7 wherein the receiving with the plurality of N antennas each of a set of signals from said transmitter is performed after implementation of the choice beamforming vector in the transmitter so that each received signal was produced with the choice beamforming vector. 9. The method of claim 8 further comprising: monitoring selected characteristics of signals received from said transmitter after implementation of the choice RX beamforming vector in the receiver transmitter; and reconditioning the channel in response to selectively defined changes in the monitored characteristics by: repeating the processing, receiving, measuring, selecting and identifying steps with respect to set of stored TX beamforming vectors to re-determine the choice beamforming vector; and implementing the re-determined choice beamforming vector in the transmitter; and then repeating the receiving, processing, measuring, selecting and identifying steps with respect to set of stored RX beamforming vectors to re-determine the choice RX beamforming vector and implementing the re-determined choice RX beamforming vector in the receiver. 10. The method of claim 1 where the receiver has stored in a memory a predefined set of N-size RX beamforming vectors further comprising: receiving with the plurality of N antennas each of a set of signals from said transmitter and processing each signal by applying a different N-size RX beamforming vector of the predefined vector set across the N signal paths to each signal; and the conditioning step includes: measuring a preferred characteristic of each processed received signal; selecting the processed received signal with a best characteristic from among the processed received signals; and identifying the RX beamforming vector that was used to produce the processed received signal with the best characteristic as the choice beamforming vector; and implementing in the receiver the choice beamforming vector. 11. The method of claim 10 further comprising: monitoring selected characteristics of signals received from said transmitter after implementation of the choice RX beamforming vector in the receiver; and reconditioning the channel in response to selectively defined changes in the monitored characteristics by repeating the receiving, processing, measuring, selecting and identifying steps with respect to set of stored RX beamforming vectors to re-determine the choice beamforming vector and implementing the re-determined choice beamforming vector in the receiver. 12. The method of claim 10 wherein the conditioning step further includes: calculating a channel matrix after implementing in the receiver the choice beamforming vector; using the channel matrix to calculate a choice RX beamforming vector; implementing the choice RX beamforming vector in the receiver; using the channel matrix to calculate a choice TX beamforming vector; and implementing choice TX beamforming vector in the transmitter. 13. The method of claim 1 wherein the conditioning step includes: calculating a channel matrix; using the channel matrix to calculate a choice RX beamforming vector; implementing the choice RX beamforming vector in the receiver; using the channel matrix to calculate a choice TX beamforming vector; and implementing choice TX beamforming vector in the transmitter. 14. The method of claim 13 further comprising: monitoring selected characteristics of signals received from said transmitter after respective implementation of the choice RX and TX beamforming vectors in the receiver and transmitter; and reconditioning the channel in response to selectively defined changes in the monitored characteristics by re-calculating the channel matrix, using the re-calculated channel matrix to re-calculate the choice RX and TX beamforming vectors, and implementing the re-calculated choice RX and TX beamforming vectors in the receiver and the transmitter, respectively. 15. The method of claim 13 wherein the calculating the choice RX and TX beamforming vectors includes increasing average SINR for sub-carriers using fixed unitary beamforming matrices B and BH at the transmitter and receiver, respectively, such that the choice RX beamforming vector ak is given by a k=μk(B H R n k B)−1 B H H k Bb k where bk is an initial TX beamforming vector, Hk is the channel matrix, Rnk is a covariance matrix of the system, and μk is a constant chosen such that ak HBHHkBbk=1; and the choice TX beamforming vector b′k is given by b′k=√{square root over (pk)}BHvk where pk is a TX power constraint for each sub-carrier, vk is an eigenvector that corresponds to a largest eigenvalue of a matrix Ψk, and Ψk=Hk H(Rn k)−1Hk. 16. The method of claim 15 wherein the channel matrix, choice RX beamforming vector and choice TX beamforming vector are calculated in the receiver, and the choice TX beamforming vector is identified to the transmitter before implementing. 17. The method of claim 15 further comprising: monitoring selected characteristics of signals received from said transmitter after respective implementation of the choice RX and TX beamforming vectors in the receiver and transmitter; and reconditioning the channel in response to selectively defined changes in the monitored characteristics including: re-calculating the choice RX and TX beamforming vectors, such that the re-calculated choice RX beamforming vector ak is given by a k=μk(B H R n k B)−1 B H H k Bb k where bk is the previously determined choice TX beamforming vector, Hk is the channel matrix, Rnk is a covariance matrix of the system, and μk is a constant chosen such that ak HBHHkBbk=1; and the re-calculated choice TX beamforming vector b′k is given by b′k=√{square root over (pk)}BHvk where pk is a TX power constraint for each sub-carrier, vk is an eigenvector that corresponds to a largest eigenvalue of a matrix Ψk, and Ψk=Hk H(Rn k)−1Hk; and implementing the re-calculated choice RX and TX beamforming vectors in the receiver and the transmitter, respectively. 18. The method of claim 15 further comprising: monitoring selected characteristics of signals received from said transmitter after respective implementation of the choice RX and TX beamforming vectors in the receiver and transmitter; and reconditioning the channel in response to selectively defined changes in the monitored characteristics by re-calculating the channel matrix, using the re-calculated channel matrix to re-calculate the choice RX and TX beamforming vectors, and implementing the re-calculated choice RX and TX beamforming vectors in the receiver and the transmitter, respectively. 19. A transmitting station for use in wireless communication with a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system, comprising: a plurality M of transmit (TX) antennas, each having an associated signal path; a processor configured to process a signal for transmission by the plurality of M antennas by applying a selectively determined M-size TX beamforming vector and a unitary matrix across the TX antenna signal paths whereby different weights are applied to the signals directed to each TX antenna for transmission in correlation with the applied TX beamforming vector; and a TX beamforming vector selection component associated with said processor configured to select the TX beamforming vector applied by the processor. 20. The transmitting station of claim 19 wherein the TX beamforming vector selection component is associated with a receiving component and is configured to change the selection of a TX beamforming vector based on information received from a receiving station that is responsive to signals transmitted from said plurality M of transmit (TX) antennas. 21. The transmitting station of claim 19 further comprising a memory for storing a plurality of indexed TX beamforming vectors associated with the TX beamforming vector selection component wherein the TX beamforming vector selection component is configured to successively select each indexed TX beamforming vector of a stored predefined vector set for application by the processor in connection with the determination and selection of a choice TX beamforming vector. 22. The transmitting station of claim 19 configured to transmit Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex signals. 23. A receiving station for use in wireless communication with a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system, comprising: a plurality N of receive (RX) antennas, each having a signal path, configured to receive signals from a multi-antenna transmitting station produced by applying a unitary matrix across transmit antenna signal paths; a processor configured to process the signals received by the N antennas by applying a Hermitian of the unitary matrix and a selected N-size RX beamforming vector, whereby different weights are applied to the signal across the N signal paths in direct correlation with the applied RX beamforming vector; and a beamforming vector selection component associated with said processor configured to select the RX beamforming vector applied by the processor. 24. The receiving station of claim 23, further comprising: a memory for storing a plurality of indexed RX beamforming vectors associated with the RX beamforming vector selection component wherein the RX beamforming vector selection component is configured to successively select each indexed RX beamforming vector of a stored predefined vector set for application by the processor in connection with the determination and selection of a choice RX beamforming vector. 25. The receiving station of claim 24 wherein the RX beamforming vector selection component includes: a measuring device for measuring a preferred characteristic of the received signal; and a comparator configured to compare measured values of the preferred characteristic to select a received signal with a best characteristic whereby the RX beamforming vector that produced the selected signal is selected as the choice RX beamforming vector. 26. The receiving station of claim 23 further comprising: a component configured to measure a preferred characteristic of received signals and identify a TX beamforming vector that produced each respective measured signal; and a comparator configured to compare measured values of the preferred characteristic and to select a received signal with a best characteristic; and a communication component configured to send information identifying TX beamforming vector that produced the selected signal having the best characteristic to the multi-antenna transmitting station that transmitted the signal. 27. The receiving station of claim 23 wherein the processor is configured to calculate a channel matrix based on a received signal and the beamforming vector selection component is configured to calculate choice RX and TX beamforming vectors based on the channel matrix, select the choice RX beamforming vector for use by the processor and to send information identifying the choice TX beamforming vector to the multi-antenna transmitting station that transmitted the received signal. 28. The receiving station of claim 23 configured to receive Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex signals.
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S) The present application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/599,542, filed Aug. 6, 2004, which is incorporated by reference as if fully set forth.
FIELD OF INVENTION The present invention relates to wireless communication systems with Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) antennas. Specifically, the invention relates to conditioning the spatial channel by using beamforming techniques. BACKGROUND Wireless communication systems are well known in the art. Generally, such systems comprise communication stations, which transmit and receive wireless communication signals between each other. Depending upon the type of system, communication stations typically are one of two types of wireless units: one type is the base station (BS), and the other is the wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), which may be mobile. The term base station (BS) as used herein includes, but is not limited to, a base station, access point, Node B, site controller, or other interfacing device in a wireless environment that provides WTRUs with wireless access to a network with which the access point is associated. The term wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) as used herein includes, but is not limited to, a user equipment, mobile station, fixed or mobile subscriber unit, pager, or any other type of device capable of operating in a wireless environment. Such WTRUs include personal communication devices, such as phones, video phones, and Internet ready phones that have network connections. In addition, WTRUs include portable personal computing devices, such as PDAs and notebook computers with wireless modems that have similar network capabilities. WTRUs that are portable or can otherwise change location are referred to as mobile units. Typically, a network of base stations is provided wherein each base station is capable of conducting concurrent wireless communications with appropriately configured WTRUs, as well as multiple appropriately configured base stations. Some WTRUs may alternatively be configured to conduct wireless communications directly between each other, i.e., without being relayed through a network via a base station. This is commonly called peer-to-peer wireless communications. Where a WTRU is configured to communicate directly with other WTRUs it may itself also be configured as and function as a base station. WTRUs can be configured for use in multiple networks, with both network and peer-to-peer communications capabilities. One type of wireless system, called a wireless local area network (WLAN), can be configured to conduct wireless communications with WTRUs equipped with WLAN modems that are also able to conduct peer-to-peer communications with similarly equipped WTRUs. Currently, WLAN modems are being integrated into many traditional communicating and computing devices by manufacturers. For example, cellular phones, personal digital assistants, and laptop computers are being built with one or more WLAN modems. Popular WLAN environments with one or more WLAN base stations, typically called access points (APs), are built according to the IEEE 802 family of standards. Access to these networks usually requires user authentication procedures. Protocols for such systems are presently being standardized in the WLAN technology area such as the framework of protocols provided in the IEEE 802 family of standards. FIG. 1 illustrates a conventional wireless communication environment in which WTRUs conduct wireless communications via a network station, in this case an AP of a WLAN. The AP is connected with other network infrastructure of the WLAN such as an Access Controller (AC). The AP is shown as conducting communications with five WTRUs. The communications are coordinated and synchronized through the AP. Such a configuration is also called a basic service set (BSS) within WLAN contexts. In the wireless cellular context, one current standard in widespread use is known as Global System for Mobile Telecommunications (GSM). This is considered as a so-called Second Generation mobile radio system standard (2G) and was followed by its revision (2.5G). General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) and Enhanced Data for GSM Evolution (EDGE) are examples of 2.5G technologies that offer relatively high speed data service on top of (2G) GSM networks. Each one of these standards sought to improve upon the prior standard with additional features and enhancements. In January 1998, the European Telecommunications Standard Institute�Special Mobile Group (ETSI SMG) agreed on a radio access scheme for Third Generation Radio Systems called Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems (UMTS). To further implement the UMTS standard, the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) was formed in December 1998. 3GPP continues to work on a common third generational mobile radio standard. In addition to the 3GPP standards, 3GPP2 standards are being developed that use Mobile IP in a Core Network for mobility. Much of the development of wireless communication systems has been motivated by the desire to reduce communication errors, improve range and throughput, and minimize costs. Most recent advances have been made possible by exploiting diversity in the time, frequency and code dimensions of communication signals. U.S. Pat. No. 5,614,914, which issued on Mar. 25, 1997 and is assigned to the assignee of the present invention, is an example of utilizing diversity to improve wireless communications. Since the mid 1990s, the development of Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems has led to increases in throughput without increasing transmission power or bandwidth, by exploiting the spatial diversity of the wireless communication channel. Much research effort on MIMO systems has been directed towards finding methods to improve throughput or signal to noise ratio (SNR) with given wireless channel conditions. Prior research has focused on using either space time coding (STC) or so-called water-filling applications over time, frequency, and space. The present invention utilizes a different approach, improving throughput and SNR by conditioning the channel. This approach can be used independently or in combination with other methods. The improvement of spatial diversity presents a significant challenge. Increasing spatial diversity in MIMO systems may be exploited to achieve higher throughput for a given transmit power and bandwidth than Single-Input Single-Output (SISO), Single-Input Multiple-Output (SIMO) or Multiple-Input Single-Output (MISO) systems. A common technique for increasing spatial diversity is by physically relocating, moving, and/or adding antennas to the system. However this is not always possible. When it is not possible to add more antennas or adjust their positions, a typical MIMO system's ability to exploit available spatial diversity in the channel is limited to the channel condition defined by the physical configuration of the transmit and receive antennas. The inventors have recognized that is possible to improve communications in spite of such limitation and have devised the present invention for conditioning the channel. SUMMARY The present invention is characterized by method and apparatus for conditioning a MIMO communication channel by adjusting the sensitivity or individual antenna element �weight� of the antenna arrays at the transmitter and/or the receiver. In the transmitter and/or the receiver, the �weight� assigned to each antenna is determined by a �beamforming vector.� The beamforming vector allows the combined multiple antennas in each of the transmitter and the receiver to have a directional or otherwise controllable character. In the transmitter, this allows the transmit power to be directed in a preferred direction, or to be better matched to the characteristics of the channel. In the receiver, this allows the receiver sensitivity to be enhanced in a preferred direction, or enhanced for desired signals, or to be better matched to the characteristics of the channel. A transmit or receive antenna array that is better matched to the channel is one that improves the Signal Interference Noise Ratio (SINR), the Packet Error Rate (PER), or some preferred characteristic of the desired transmitted or received signals, respectively. A closed loop process is preferably used to determine and implement a choice transmit (TX) beamforming vector in the transmitter. The process can be based on a characteristic of the signal received at the receiver, such as the SINR or PER, or can be based on movement in the system. The choice TX beamforming vector can be one of a predefined set, or can be calculated in the receiver or in the transmitter using a determined channel matrix. A choice receiver (RX) beamforming vector can optionally also be implemented. The choice RX beamforming vector can be one of a predefined set, or can be calculated in the receiver or in the transmitter using the channel matrix. Also, the determination of a choice vector based on a selection of a vector from a predefined set of vectors can be implemented as an initiation set for the selection of a further choice vector calculated using the channel matrix. The determination of a choice vector can be repeated based on a selected event, such as a drop in SINR, PER or some preferred characteristic of the desired transmitted signals. As an alternative or in combination with repetition based on a preferred characteristic. The process can be repeated at a preferred rate to respond to changes in a dynamic channel, or at a rate which is adjusted according to the rate of change of the channel. Implementing the choice TX and/or RX beamforming vectors of the present invention may be combined with other techniques to improve the power efficiency of transmission, such as water filling, Minimum Mean-Square Error (MMSE), Zero Forcing (ZF) or MAXMIN techniques. It may also be combined with Adaptive Modulation Coding (AMC), whereby the modulation constellation may be adapted to the channel conditions that have been obtained by the channel conditioning method described herein. Preferably, a transmitting station is provided configured for use in wireless communication with a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system. A plurality M of transmit (TX) antennas each have an associated signal path. A processor is configured to process a signal for transmission by the plurality of M antennas by applying a selectively determined M-size TX beamforming vector and a unitary matrix across the TX antenna signal paths whereby different weights are applied to the signals directed to each TX antenna for transmission in correlation with the applied TX beamforming vector. A TX beamforming vector selection component associated with said processor is configured to select the TX beamforming vector applied by the processor. The TX beamforming vector selection component is preferably associated with a receiving component in order to change the selection of a TX beamforming vector based on information received from a receiving station that is responsive to signals transmitted from said plurality M of transmit (TX) antennas. The transmitting station may include a memory for storing a plurality of indexed TX beamforming vectors associated with the TX beamforming vector selection component. The TX beamforming vector selection component is then preferably configured to successively select each indexed TX beamforming vector of a stored predefined vector set for application by the processor in connection with the determination and selection of a choice TX beamforming vector. Preferably, a receiving station is provided configured for use in wireless communication with a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system. A plurality N of receive (RX) antennas each have a signal path. The antennas are configured to receive signals from a multi-antenna transmitting station produced by applying a unitary matrix across transmit antenna signal paths. A processor is configured to process the signals received by the N antennas by applying a Hermitian of the unitary matrix and a selected N-size RX beamforming vector, whereby different weights are applied to the signal across the N signal paths in direct correlation with the applied RX beamforming vector. A beamforming vector selection component is associated with the processor and is configured to select the RX beamforming vector applied by the processor. Preferably, the receiving station includes a memory for storing a plurality of indexed RX beamforming vectors associated with the RX beamforming vector selection component. The RX beamforming vector selection component is then configured to successively select each indexed RX beamforming vector of a stored predefined vector set for application by the processor in connection with the determination and selection of a choice RX beamforming vector. The RX beamforming vector selection component may include a measuring device and a comparator. The measuring device is preferably configured to measure a preferred characteristic of the received signal; the comparator is preferably configured to compare measured values of the preferred characteristic and to select a received signal with a best characteristic whereby the RX beamforming vector that produced the selected signal is selected as the choice RX beamforming vector. The receiving station may a component configured to measure a preferred characteristic of received signals and identify a TX beamforming vector that produced each respective measured signal as well as a comparator and a communication component. In such case the comparator is preferably configured to compare measured values of the preferred characteristic and to select a received signal with a best characteristic and the communication component is preferably configured to send information identifying TX beamforming vector that produced the selected signal having the best characteristic to the multi-antenna transmitting station that transmitted the signal. The receiving station processor can be configured to calculate a channel matrix based on a received signal. The beamforming vector selection component can then be configured to calculate choice RX and TX beamforming vectors based on the channel matrix, select the choice RX beamforming vector for use by the processor and to send information identifying choice TX beamforming vector to the multi-antenna transmitting station that transmitted the received signal. Both transmitting stations and receiving stations constructed to implement the invention can advantageously be to communicate Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex signals. Other objects and advantages will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art based upon the following description of presently preferred embodiments of the invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING(S) FIG. 1 is a system overview diagram illustrating conventional wireless communication in a wireless local area network (WLAN). FIG. 2 is block diagram illustrating a CDMA transmitter which uses the present invention. FIG. 3 is block diagram illustrating a CDMA receiver which uses the present invention. FIGS. 4-6 are flow diagrams of channel conditioning processes according to the present invention. TABLE OF ACRONYMS AMC Adaptive Modulation Coding AP Access Point ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit BS Base Station DFT Discrete Fourier Transform FFT Fast Fourier Transform IFFT Inverse Fast Fourier Transform IID Independent Identically Distributed MIMO Multiple Input-Multiple Output MISO Multiple Input Single Output MMSE Minimum Mean-Square Error OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex PER Packet Error Rate QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation RX Receive, Receiver SIMO Single Input Multiple Output SINR Signal Interference Noise Ratio SISO Single Input Single Output SNR Signal to Noise Ratio STA Station TX Transmit, Transmitter WLAN Wireless Local Area Network WMAN Wireless Metropolitan Area Network ZF Zero Forcing DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The communication channel is conditioned through the use and improvement of an orthogonal beam space. The orthogonal beam space is obtained by preconditioning the channel with a unitary matrix, and is modified by using beamforming vectors. The unitary matrix can be a Butler matrix, equivalent to a discrete Fourier transform (DFT). Under certain circumstances a Hadamard transform may replace the Butler matrix. Referring to FIG. 1, a portion of a conventional communication system 10 is shown in which an access point (AP) 12 provides communication services to a plurality of wireless transmit/receive units (WTRUs) 14. The AP communicates with a broader network (not shown), thereby providing additional network services to the WTRUs, such as access to the Internet or a telephone network. Referring to FIG. 2, a code division multiple access (CDMA) transmitter with multiple antennas 20 is shown, in which the present invention is used. A serial binary data stream s in the transmitter is divided into a plurality of parallel streams of data in a serial/parallel processor S/P at 21, each stream to be transmitted on a different subcarrier. Each of the parallel data streams is modulated at 22 using quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), and each sub-carrier is modified at 23 according to a transmit beamforming vector. Next, a pilot signal is inserted at 24 into the data stream, and the combined data-pilot signal is processed at 25 using an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT). A cyclic prefix is added at 26. Finally the signal is processed at 27 using a using a unitary matrix, such as a Butler matrix, to produce a number M of orthogonal carriers equal to the number of transmit antennas. Each of the carriers is then transmitted via a separate antenna at 28. The transmitted signals in the physical environment comprise a beam space (k) 29. Referring to FIG. 3, the inverse process is shown, performed at a CDMA receiver with multiple antennas 30, in which the present invention is used. Transmitted signals are received from the beam space (k) 29 via N separate receive antennas at 32. A unitary matrix such as the Hermitian of a Butler matrix is applied to the received signals at 33, and then the cyclic prefix is removed at 34. A fast Fourier transform is applied to the signals at 35, and the pilot signal is removed at 36. Each subcarrier is modified according to a receive beamforming vector at 37, and the QAM is demapped at 38 to recover the original parallel signals. Finally, the parallel signals are combined in a parallel to serial processor P/S at 39, whereby the original serial signal s is reconstructed. Referring to FIG. 4, a process 40 of improving a MIMO communication channel is illustrated, according to a first embodiment of the present invention where a choice vector is selected from a predefined set of vectors. A set of preferred beam patterns are designed for the system. Each beam pattern has a corresponding transmit (TX) beamforming vector that determines the weights applied to each of the transmitter antennas. The set of TX beamforming vectors corresponding to each beam are indexed and stored in a non-volatile memory in the transmitter. In step 42 the transmitter uses the set of indexed TX beamforming vectors to send a signal containing the beam index via each of a set of directional beams, which the receiver receives using a beam pattern which may be omnidirectional. The receiver measures the SINR of each received signal and identifies the beam index of the signal with the best SINR, step 44, as the manner to select a choice TX vector for implementation. The receiver feeds the beam index of the chosen vector back to the transmitter, step 46. The transmitter receives the index and reconfigures itself to use the selected choice TX beamforming vector, which is then used for communications. The number of TX beamforming vectors in the set can be related to the number of TX antennas used. Alternatively, a preferred number, such as five or six, can be used to provide enhanced performance without undue complexity. The first embodiment of choice vector determination can similarly be applied to the determination of a choice RX beamforming vector. For example, the transmitter can use a beam pattern, which may be omnidirectional, to transmit a signal, and the receiver can be configured with a set of RX beamforming vectors stored in a non-volatile memory. In a preferred implementation, the receiver uses each RX beamforming vector in the set to receive the signal, measures the SINR of the signal using each vector, and identifies and implements the vector giving the best SINR as a choice RX vector. The choice RX beamforming vector is then used for communications. The number of RX beamforming vectors in the set can be related to the number of RX antennas used. Alternatively, a preferred number, such as five or six, can be used to provide enhanced performance without undue complexity. The first embodiment of choice vector determination can also be implemented as a combination of the selection of both a choice TX beamforming vector and a choice RX beamforming vector. For example, both the transmitter and the receiver can be configured with sets of beamforming vectors stored in respective memories. In a preferred implementation, the receiver uses a beam pattern which may be omnidirectional while the transmitter sweeps through its beam set, the receiver identifies the TX beam index resulting in the best SINR, and feeds it back to the transmitter which implements the associated TX beamforming vector. The transmitter then sends a signal while the receiver sweeps through its beam set, and identifies and implements the RX beamforming vector giving the best SINR. Alternatively, the receiver can sweep through its set of vectors before the transmitter sweeps through its set. The number of TX and RX beamforming vectors in each set can be related to the number of TX and RX antennas used, respectively. Alternatively, a preferred number of each which results in enhanced performance without undue complexity, such as five or six, can be used. The determination of a choice vector in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention can be implemented in a recursive manner for continued conditioning of the channel. In one example, referring to FIG. 5, a process 50 of improving and maintaining a MIMO communication channel is illustrated based on utilization of the first embodiment in a repetitive manner. For example, a preferred set of indexed TX beamforming vectors are stored in the transmitter and used to send a signal which the receiver receives using an omnidirectional or other beam pattern, step 52. The receiver measures the SINR of each received signal and identifies the beam index of the signal with the best SINR, and feeds it back to the transmitter, which implements the associated vector and uses it for communications, step 54. As an alternative to steps 52 and 54, a process such as described with respect to the selection of a choice RX beamforming vector or a combination of selection of both choice TX and RX beamforming vectors such as described above may be used. Thereafter, the receiver continues to monitor the SINR or other characteristic of the received communication signals. If the SINR or other preferred characteristic drops below a desired threshold, step 56, the receiver initiates a channel reconditioning process by prompting, step 58, the transmitter to send another conditioning signal and sweep through its beamforming vectors. The TX beamforming vector resulting in the best received SINR is selected as the choice vector and implemented, step 52. If the SINR or other characteristic of the received signal changes frequently, the process can be repeated based on changes in the SINR, at a preferred rate or a combination of such triggers. Where alternatives are initially used for steps 52 and 54, such as when a combination of selection of both choice TX and RX beamforming vectors is implemented for those steps, such alternative steps are preferably triggered for reconditioning. According to a second embodiment of the present invention, a preferred TX beamforming vector which may be omnidirectional is used to send a signal, which is received by a receiver using a preferred RX beamforming vector which may be omnidirectional. The receiver calculates a channel matrix using techniques which are known in the prior art. Using the channel matrix, choice TX and/or RX beamforming vectors are determined as described in detail below. The receiver preferably implements the choice RX beamforming vector, and sends to the transmitter the choice TX beamforming vector, which the transmitter implements for further communications. This type of channel conditioning may also optionally be coupled with its own reconditioning process as explained in connection with FIG. 6. Referring to FIG. 6, a process 60 of improving and maintaining a MIMO communication channel is illustrated. A preferred TX beamforming vector is used to send a signal, step 61, which is received by a receiver using a preferred RX beamforming vector. The preferred TX beamforming vector used to send a signal in step 61 may be determined through implementation of the first embodiment as an initiation process or other desired manner. The receiver calculates a channel matrix, step 62. The receiver then determines choice TX and RX beamforming vectors which vectors are implemented, respectively in the transmitter and receiver, step 64. Thereafter, the receiver continues to monitor the SINR or other characteristic of the received communication signals. If the SINR or other preferred characteristic drops below a desired threshold, step 66, the receiver reconditions the channel by recalculating RX and TX beamforming vectors to redefine the choice vectors, the receiver implements the redefined choice RX beamforming vector, and sends to the transmitter the redefined choice TX beamforming vector, which the transmitter implements. If the SINR or other characteristic of the received signal changes frequently, the process can be repeated based on changes in the SINR, at a preferred rate or a combination of such triggers. Optionally, as indicated step 68 illustrated in phantom, a new channel matrix can be calculated before determining the new RX and TX beamforming vectors. Optional step 68 can be set up to be triggered when a lower threshold is exceeded in step 66 or if the reconditioning through the repetition of step 64 does not produce a significant improvement to the monitored characteristic. A more complete description of the calculation of choice transmit and receive beamforming vectors according to the second embodiment of the present invention is as follows. Consider a MIMO-OFDM system in which the transmitter 20 with M transmit antennas in an array, transmits to the receiver 30 with N receive antennas in an array. Preferably, the distance between antennas for both the transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX) sides is very close, such as one or one half of a wavelength, and the antennas are preferably correlated. In general, a correlated MIMO system degrades the performance and the capacity. To avoid performance and capacity degradation, a beam-space (fixed) beamforming matrix, such as butler matrix or DFT beamforming matrix 27, is implemented on the TX side and its Hermitian 33 is implemented as a beamforming matrix on the RX side. To control the directionality of the beam-space beamforming matrices, beamforming vectors controlling the sub-carrier weights are applied by processing circuitry 23 on the TX side and by processing circuitry 37 on the RX sides in an effort to improve received SINR. Instead of generating only one beam direction using element space beamforming, by using beam space beamforming multiple independent beams or channels in beam space can be generated. This diagonalizes the channel matrix in the time domain, as well as the channel matrices for each carrier in the frequency domain, since the Butler matrix or DFT beamforming matrix are unitary matrices. Because of this, the invented system increases the capacity and the performance of the system, and the receiver structure is also made very simple. Assume a K sub-carrier OFDM modulation. The signal sk(n), 1≦k≦K, denotes the information symbol transmitted at the kth sub-carrier during the nth OFDM symbol. The signals sk(n) are preferably modeled as zero-mean independent identically distributed (i.i.d.) random variables belonging to a fixed finite signal constellation set with normalized energy, namely, E└|sk(n)|2┘=1, where E denotes the expectation operator. At the transmitter, the modulated symbol for each sub-carrier is multiplied by an independent M�1 transmit beamforming vector, bk=[b1 k b2 k . . . bM k]T. Next, an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) is applied to those signals, and a cyclic prefix is added for each antenna. Next, a Butler matrix B or other fixed-beamforming matrix is applied in the time domain. The Butler matrix B is a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) matrix. Then, the signal is transmitted, and passes through a multipath fading channel in space. At the receiver, the Hermitian of the Butler or other fixed-beamforming matrix, BH, is applied. Then, the cyclic prefix is removed, and a fast Fourier transform (FFT) applied. Although in the real system the fixed beamforming matrices B and BH are applied in the time domain, the matrices are common to all sub-carriers, and thus applying the matrices in the time domain is equivalent to applying the matrices for each sub-carrier in the frequency domain. Therefore, in this formulation B and BH are treated as though they were applied in the frequency domain. Thus, the received signal in each sub-carrier can be represented (dropping the time index for simplicity) as y k =B H H k Bb k s k +B H n k, 1≦k≦K, (1) where the channel matrix Hk is an M�N matrix, and the channel for each sub-carrier is a flat fading channel. The vector nk denotes the noise vector of the kth sub-carrier in the frequency domain. Next, apply the RX beamforming vector to this signal. The result is r k = a _ k H  y _ k = a _ k H  B H  H k  B  b _ k  s k + a _ k H  B H  n _ k . ( 2 ) Represent the covariance matrix of the system as Rn k. Assume that the channel matrix Hk and the covariance matrix Rn k are available in both the transmitter side TX and the receiver side RX. The TX and RX beamforming vectors can then be jointly improved to define the choice vectors as follows. The problem is to increase the average SINR for each sub-carrier, with fixed beamforming matrices at both the TX and RX sides, and can be stated mathematically as Γ k = E  [ | a _ k H  B H  H k  B  b _ k  s k  | 2 ] E  [ | a _ k H  B H  n _ k  | 2 ] = | a _ k H  B H  H k  B  b _ k  | 2 a _ k H  B H  R n k  B  a _ k . ( 3 ) where Γk is the SINR. The optimum RX beamforming vector is given by a k=μk(B H R n k B)−1 B H H k Bb k, (4) where μk is an arbitrary real constant, and does not affect the value of SINR. μk is a kind of a normalization factor used to make ak HBHHkBbk=1. With the optimal ak thus calculated, the SINR Γk can then be written as Γk =b k H B H H k H(R n k)−1 H k Bb k. (5) To find the optimum TX beamforming vector bk, define the matrix Ψk as Ψk =H k H(R n k)−1 H k. (6) Since Rn k is a Hermitian and is an invertible matrix, Ψk can be decomposed as Ψk =U kΛk U k H, (7) where Uk is an unitary matrix whose columns are the eigenvectors of Ψk, and Λk is a diagonal matrix that contains the corresponding eigenvalues, λk,m, 1≦m≦M. Then, Γ k = ( U k H  B  b _ k ) H  Λ k  ( U k H  B  b _ k ) = b _ k ′ H  Λ k  b _ k ′ = ∑ m = 1 M   λ k , m   b k , m ′  2  ,   where    b _ k ′ = U k H  B  b _ k .  ( 8 ) The TX power constraint for each sub-carrier is |bk|2=pk and it becomes, with b′k, |b′ k|2=(U k H Bb k)H(U k H Bb k)=|b k|2 =p k, (9) since Uk and B are unitary matrices. To maximize the SINR, the vector b′k can be shown to be given by b _ k ′ = p k  [ 0 ⋯ 0 1 ︸ the    lth   element 0 ⋯ 0 ] T   where     l = arg   max m = 1 , �  , M  { λ k , m } . ( 10 ) Then, the optimum TX beamforming vector bk is given by b k =B H U k b′ k =√{square root over (p k )}B H v k, (11) where vk is the eigenvector of the matrix Ψk that corresponds to the largest eigenvalue. The SINR then becomes Γ k = ( p k  B H  v _ k ) H  Ψ k  ( p k  B H  v _ k ) ,  = p k  λ k , l  ( 12 ) since B is a unitary matrix. Here, λk,l is the largest eigenvalue of the matrix Ψk. Therefore, this value is the maximum achievable SINR value with the power constraint |bk|2=pk. After the channel matrix has been found and the choice transmit and receive beamforming vectors have been determined and implemented, it is possible to further improve the power efficiency of the transmitter by using known power optimization techniques. Such power optimization techniques can include waterfilling, minimum mean-square error (MMSE), zero forcing (ZF) or so-called MAXMIN techniques, which can also be applied to the other embodiments of the invention. An example follows. First, using the known channel information, estimate the optimal transmit power within the limit of the total available transmit power, pk, for each sub-carrier. Using the Γk and the largest eigenvalue for each sub-carrier, λk,l, the estimate can be defined as maximizing the equation K ∑ k = 1 K   1 Γ k = K ∑ k = 1 K   1 λ k , l  p k   subject   to     ∑ k = 1 K   b _ k  2 = ∑ k = 1 K  p k = P , ( 13 ) where P is the total transmit power and pk is transmit power for each sub-carrier k. The solution is p k = P ∑ k = 1 K  λ k , l - 1 / 2  1 λ k , l . ( 14 ) The process of decoding the data symbols will next be described. It is assumed that the system is operating in a frequency-selective Rayleigh fading environment and that the communication channel remains constant during a packet transmission. Suppose that the channel impulse response has L resolved paths and that the correlated channel matrix for the qth path is denoted by G(q). Then, the discrete-time MIMO baseband signal model after BH can be represented by z ^ _  ( τ ) = ∑ q = 0 Q  B H   G  ( q )  B  x ^ _  ( τ - q ) + B H  n _  ( τ )  = ∑ q = 0 Q  B H   G  ( q )  B  x ^ _  ( τ - q ) + v ^ _  ( τ ) ( 15 ) where {circumflex over (x)}(T) represents a time domain OFDM symbol after applying each carrier's TX beamforming vector, and n(τ) represents additive white Gaussian noise at the τ sample, with N independently and identically distributed (i.i.d.) zero-mean complex Gaussian noise with the correlation matrix σn 2IN. Since the matrix B is a unitary matrix, the transformed noise v(τ) also has i.i.d. zero-mean complex Gaussian noise with the correlation matrix σn 2IN. To deal with the frequency selective channel, OFDM is applied, utilizing Nc subcarriers per antenna transmission. To combat Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI), a Cyclic Prefix (CP) of Ng samples is added to the OFDM symbols. When Q≦Ng+1, ISI does not occur on a MIMO OFDM symbol basis, and he ath received MIMO OFDM symbol after removal of CP is given as z(a)=Cx(a)+v(a) (16) where C is an effective channel matrix and is a KN�KM block circulant matrix with N�M block matrices. The block circulant matrix can be defined with the first block column and the first block column is defined as C 1 = [ B H  G  ( 0 )  B ⋮ B H  G  ( Q - 1 )  B 0 N  ( K - Q ) � M ] ( 17 ) where 0N(K−Q)�M is the N(K−Q)�M all zeros matrix. Let x(i, a) denote the symbol vector transmitted on the kth subcarrier of the ath MIMO OFDM symbol. Then, the transmitted block of samples in the time-domain becomes x _ ′  ( a ) = ( F - 1 ⊗ I M )  [ x _ 0  ( a ) ⋮ ⋮ x _ K - 1  ( a ) ] = ( F - 1 ⊗ I M )  x _  ( a ) ( 18 ) where {circle around (x)} denotes Kronecker product, F is the K�K Fourier matrix and In represents the n�n dimensional identity matrix. By taking FFT (fast Fourier transform) at the receiver, the frequency domain MIMO OFDM baseband signal model can be represented by y _  ( a ) = ( F ⊗ I N )  x _ ′  ( a ) = ( F ⊗ I N )  ( C  ( F - 1 ⊗ I M )  x _  ( a ) + v _  ( a ) ) = H ^  x _  ( a ) + n _ f  ( a ) ( 19 ) where nf(a) represents the frequency domain noise with i.i.d zero-mean complex Gaussian with (�)σn 2 per dimension and Ĥ is a block diagonal matrix, given by H ^ = [ H ^ 0 0 ⋰ ⋰ 0 H ^ K - 1 ] ( 20 ) where each diagonal block is given as H ^ k = ∑ q = 0 Q - 1  B H  G  ( q )  B   exp  ( - j2π  ql K ) ( 21 ) from Eq. (1). For subcarrier k, the symbol can be written as y k(a)=Ĥ k x k(a)+n k f(a) (22) This is a flat fading signal model per subcarrier. After applying the RX beamforming vector, the signal becomes r k =T k s k +n k r. (23) If we use all available beamforming vectors for all eigenvalues, λk,m, 1≦m≦M, in transmission and reception, namely use beamforming matrices for transmission and reception, the effective channel with TX and RX beamforming, Tk, becomes a diagonal matrix. Then, the data detection is easily done by the inverse matrix of this diagonal matrix. However, if the maximal SNR transmission and reception is used as described above, the effective channel, Tk, becomes just a scalar. Therefore, the data detection is simply done by a scalar equalizer. Therefore, the invention significantly reduces the complexity of the receiver structure. Although the features and elements of the present invention are described in the preferred embodiments in particular combinations, each feature or element can be used alone without the other features and elements of the preferred embodiments or in various combinations with or without other features and elements of the present invention. Preferably, the circuitry implementing the various transmitter and receiver processes and functions described above are incorporated in a single processor which may be an integrated circuit, such as an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), with an interface component for interfacing with a source or consumer of serial data and another interface component for interfacing with multiple antennas. However, the circuitry may also be readily implemented using multiple separate integrated circuits and/or discrete components. The foregoing description makes references to specific transmitter and receiver configurations as examples only and not as limitations. Other variations and modifications consistent with the invention will be recognized by those of skill in the art. Referenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS7469152 *Nov 22, 2005Dec 23, 2008The Regents Of The University Of CaliforniaMethod and apparatus for an adaptive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communications systemsUS7583982 *Jun 27, 2005Sep 1, 2009Interdigital Technology CorporationMethod and apparatus to improve channel quality for use in wireless communications systems with multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennasUS7599714 *Sep 30, 2005Oct 6, 2009Alcatel-Lucent Usa Inc.Increasing the range of access point cells for a given throughput in a downlink of a wireless local area networkUS7656965Dec 29, 2005Feb 2, 2010Celeno Communications (Israel) Ltd.Method of secure WLAN communicationUS7672400Dec 29, 2005Mar 2, 2010Celeno Communications (Israel) Ltd.Method of secure WLAN communicationUS7751353Mar 23, 2006Jul 6, 2010Celeno Communications (Israel) Ltd.Device, system and method of securing wireless communicationUS7826555 *Aug 24, 2006Nov 2, 2010Panasonic CorporationMIMO-OFDM transmission device and MIMO-OFDM transmission methodUS7904117 *Aug 12, 2005Mar 8, 2011SibeamWireless communication device using adaptive beamformingUS7974359 *Dec 22, 2004Jul 5, 2011Qualcomm IncorporatedMethods and apparatus for mitigating multi-antenna correlation effect in communication systemsUS8005165Jul 20, 2010Aug 23, 2011Panasonic CorporationMIMO-OFDM transmission device, MIMO-OFDM transmission method, reception apparatus and reception methodUS8040856 *Sep 28, 2007Oct 18, 2011Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.System and method for wireless communication of uncompressed high definition video data using a beamforming acquisition protocolUS8098746 *Jun 14, 2007Jan 17, 2012Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.Apparatus and method for transmitting/receiving data in a closed-loop multi-antenna systemUS8184052 *Sep 18, 2009May 22, 2012Marvell International Ltd.Digital beamforming scheme for phased-array antennasUS8259599 *Feb 13, 2008Sep 4, 2012Qualcomm IncorporatedSystems and methods for distributed beamforming based on carrier-to-caused interferenceUS8284866Jun 28, 2011Oct 9, 2012Panasonic CorporationOFDM transmission signal generation apparatus and method, and OFDM reception data generation apparatus and methodUS8417191 *Mar 17, 2008Apr 9, 2013Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.Method and system for beamforming communication in high throughput wireless communication systemsUS8446317May 17, 2012May 21, 2013Marvell International Ltd.Beamforming scheme for phased-array antennasUS8532078Apr 6, 2011Sep 10, 2013Celeno Communications Ltd.Method, apparatus and system of spatial division multiple access communication in a wireless local area networkUS8565146 *Feb 26, 2009Oct 22, 2013Qualcomm IncorporatedMethod and apparatus for supporting data transmission in a multi-carrier communication systemUS8611462Jun 22, 2007Dec 17, 2013Lg Electronics Inc.Data transfer method using phase-shift based precoding and transmitter implementing the sameUS8625718Sep 5, 2012Jan 7, 2014Panasonic CorporationTransmission apparatus, transmission method, reception apparatus, and reception methodUS8670504 *Mar 9, 2007Mar 11, 2014Qualcomm IncorporatedBeamspace-time coding based on channel quality feedbackUS20080144737 *Mar 9, 2007Jun 19, 2008Qualcomm IncorporatedBeamspace-time coding based on channel quality feedbackUS20090201903 *Feb 13, 2008Aug 13, 2009Qualcomm IncorporatedSystems and methods for distributed beamforming based on carrier-to-caused interferenceUS20090233556 *Mar 17, 2008Sep 17, 2009Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.Method and system for beamforming communication in high throughput wireless communication systemsUS20100118802 *Jun 12, 2009May 13, 2010Qualcomm IncorporatedMethod and apparatus for directional association in a wireless communications systemEP2073471A1 *Dec 20, 2007Jun 24, 2009Sony CorporationImproved selection criterion for quantized precoded spatial multiplexing MIMOWO2007074453A2 *Dec 27, 2006Jul 5, 2007Celeno Comm LtdA method of secure wlan communication* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification455/562.1International ClassificationH04M1/00Cooperative ClassificationH04L25/0204, H04L25/0228, H04L2025/03414, H04L25/0248, H04L5/0023, H04B7/0617, H04L1/0026, H04L2025/03802, H04L2025/03426, H04L25/03343, H04L25/021European ClassificationH04L25/02C2, H04L1/00A9B, H04B7/06C1B, H04L25/03B9, H04L25/02C11A5, H04L25/02C1, H04L5/00A3CLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionJan 30, 2013FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Sep 14, 2010CCCertificate of correctionFeb 9, 2010CCCertificate of correctionMay 24, 2006ASAssignmentOwner name: INTERDIGITAL TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION, DELAWAREFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:OLESEN, ROBERT LIND;KWAK, JAEYOUNG;BULTAN, AYKUT;REEL/FRAME:017668/0271Effective date: 20060414RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google


text:
Vintage Corduroy Argile School-College Bag Travel Shoulder
Vintage Green & Yellow Corduroy Argile School-College Bag with Faux Brown Leather Trim | Travel | Shoulder Bag | Diaper Bag
Large Roomy North-South Main Compartment
Exterior has Two Small Snap Pockets
Comfortable Double Strap Drop 11.5"
This bag has 2 minor flaws. The fabric on the front bottom right exterior strap has pulled away from the stitching.
I'm sure this can be repaired with some material glue.
On the back of the bag, there is a small frayed hole.
(Imperfections are shown on last picture. If more pics are needed, please just let me know)
Overall a Great Retro Bag that can be used for School, Travel,
Baby, Or best of all Everyday.
Materials: Corduroy, Cotton, PVC Trim
Argile Bag

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ENTIRE BRIGADE TO WATCH PITT GAME - Navy - Scout
ENTIRE BRIGADE TO WATCH PITT GAMEGoMids.com Staff10/04/2007GoMids.com has confirmed through USNA officials that the Brigade of Midshipmen will be in Alumni Hall on Wednesday, Oct. 10th at 8 p.m. to watch the Navy/Pitt game on ESPN. Also, up to 200 mids will travel to the game as part of a movement order. David Ausiello is working on getting answers to several questions regarding what would appear to be a course change from USNA administrators.Keep checking GoMids.com for the latest details as David Ausiello heads to <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" />Annapolis to get more details about this Navy sports story. Share on Facebook Share on TwitterTrending on ScoutRecruits react to VanGorder firingPentagon "Arsenal Plane" Could be B-52, C-130AP Top 25 Poll: Week 5Les Miles, Cam Cameron fired at LSUCoaches Poll: Week 5Head to Head: Navy at Tulane Full StoryGoMids.com Top StoriesNavy Football ResetIt feels like the 2016 football season has just started, yet we are already (without a bowl game) a quarter of the way through the schedule.by Steve WrightGoMids.comThursday at 1:35 PMNavy Report Card: TulaneThe Navy Midshipmen (3-0) continued their unbeaten start to the season with a 21-14 win over the Tulane Green Wave (1-2) in New Orleans.by Steve WrightGoMids.comTuesday at 1:38 PMNavy: Attrition to Aspiration to ExcellenceIt is a distinction which always needs to be brought back to the surface in discussions of sports and the people who play them: Competing well and performing well, while not…by Matt ZemekGoMids.comMonday at 8:21 AMHighlights: Navy 21, Tulane 14Navy rallied to defeat Tulane 21-14 on Saturday in New Orleans. Look inside for video highlights from the game.by GoMids.com StaffGoMids.com09/18/2016Navy "ranked" 40th in PollThe 3-0 Navy Midshipmen received 10 votes in this week's Coaches Top 25 Poll. If there were a top 50 the Mids would be ranked 40th. by StaffScout09/18/2016Head to Head: Navy at TulaneThe Navy Midshipmen (2-0) will meet the Tulane Green Wave (1-1) at Yulman Stadium in New Orleans, Louisiana, this Saturday.by Steve WrightGoMids.com09/16/2016Three Keys: Navy at TulaneThe Navy Midshipmen (2-0) travel to New Orleans to face Tulane (1-1) looking for their first win in the city since 1994. The win would also mean the Mids would be starting 3-0 in…by Steve WrightGoMids.com09/15/2016The Spirit of 2008The season is still very young. Navy faces several severe challenges. Storms do lie ahead for these gridiron sailors. Yet, the way Saturday's game against the University of…by Matt ZemekGoMids.com09/12/2016Highlights: Navy beats Connecticut 28-24Navy defeated Connecticut 28-24 on Saturday in Annapolis. Look inside for game highlights courtesy of the American Athletic Conference.by GoMids.com StaffGoMids.com09/10/2016Navy downs Connecticut 28-24Quarterback Will Worth scored two touchdowns as the Navy Midshipmen improved to 2-0 with a tough 28-24 victory over Connecticut on Saturday.by GoMids.com StaffGoMids.com09/10/2016Three Keys Revisited: Navy at TulaneThe Navy Midshipmen (2-0) continued their unbeaten start to the season when they traveled to New Orleans and beat the Tulane Green Wave (1-2) by a 21-14 scoreline.by Steve WrightGoMids.comMonday at 12:36 PMTulane: First LookThe Navy Midshipmen (2-0) snuck past UConn on Saturday and now must face a Tulane (1-1) team that brings a different set of challenges. This is the conference opener for the Green…by Steve WrightGoMids.com09/14/2016Load More

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