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Patent US4127819 - Frequency discriminator apparatus - Google Patents
A frequency discriminator having a bandwidth variable from a relatively narrow range to a very wide range in which the center frequency is simultaneously tunable over an extremely wide frequency range. The discriminator is insensitive to amplitude variations of the input signal and is capable of demodulating...http://www.google.com/patents/US4127819?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US4127819 - Frequency discriminator apparatus
Publication number US4127819 A
Application number US 05/631,708
Also published as US3921085, US4263554
Publication number 05631708, 631708, US 4127819 A, US 4127819A, US-A-4127819, US4127819 A, US4127819A
Inventors William J. Keane
Original Assignee Keane William J
US 4127819 A
A frequency discriminator having a bandwidth variable from a relatively narrow range to a very wide range in which the center frequency is simultaneously tunable over an extremely wide frequency range. The discriminator is insensitive to amplitude variations of the input signal and is capable of demodulating low level signals. The frequency discriminator is particularly useful for microwave frequency applications wherein the basic discriminator element is a ferrimagnetic resonator. The frequency discriminator forms a portion of several preferred embodiments including devices for the frequency control of signal sources, frequency measurement of signal sources, demodulation of frequency modulated signals and frequency tracking control for other ferrimagnetic devices.
1. A system for providing frequency tracking between the resonant frequency of a ferrimagnetic device and the frequency of a reference signal, comprising
ferrimagnetic means, including one or more ferrimagnetic devices, including at least said first recited ferrimagnetic device,
means for generating a magnetic field to tune said ferrimagnetic means,
frequency discriminator means, said discriminator means including
(a) at least a portion of said ferrimagnetic means, said portion including at least one ferrimagnetic device,
(b) means for applying said reference signal to said portion of said ferrimagnetic means,
(c) means coupled to said portion of said ferrimagnetic means for electronically sweeping the frequency of said portion of said ferrimagnetic means over a frequency range relative to the frequency of said reference signal,
(d) detector means receiving an output from said portion of said ferrimagnetic means,
(e) timing relationship comparison means connected to said sweeping means and to the output of said detector means to generate a feedback signal, and
means receiving said feedback signal for controlling said magnetic field means to tune said ferrimagnetic means whereby said first recited ferrimagnetic device resonant frequency tracks the frequency of said reference signal.
2. The combination of claim 1 wherein said portion of said ferrimagnetic means in said discriminator comprises a band-pass filter.
20. A system for providing frequency tracking between the resonant frequency of a ferrimagnetic device and the frequency of a reference signal, comprising
means receiving said feedback signal for controlling the frequency of said reference signal to track the frequency of said reference signal to the resonant frequency of said first recited ferrimagnetic means.
21. The combination of claim 20 wherein said portion of said ferrimagnetic means in said discriminator comprises a band-pass filter.
35. A system for providing frequency tracking between the resonant frequency of a ferrimagnetic device and the frequency of a reference signal, comprising
(c) means coupled to said signal for electronically sweeping the frequency of said signal over a frequency range relative to the resonant frequency of said portion of said ferrimagnetic means,
36. A system for providing frequency tracking between the resonant frequency of a ferrimagnetic device and the frequency of a reference signal, comprising
This invention relates to frequency discriminators and their applications and particularly to a frequency discriminator having a variable bandwidth over a wide range in which the center frequency is simultaneously tunable over an extremely wide bandwidth and various devices embodying the discriminator. Although the invention is particularly useful in microwave frequency applications it is not limited to such uses. Also, while the preferred embodiments disclosed herein typically employ ferrimagnetic resonators, such as YIG (yittrium-iron-garnet), other elements having similar characteristics may be used subject to the performance characteristics of such other elements.
It is the general object of the present invention to provide a frequency discriminator whose bandwidth and center frequency can be tuned electronically. The discriminator slope will be insensitive to input signal amplitude or changes in center frequency. The linearity of the discriminator will be maintained for both wide and narrow bandwidths and the center frequency of the discriminator can be tuned over multi-octave frequency ranges. This discriminator will also be able to demodulate low level signals by using high gain amplification after crystal detection.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an exemplary YIG resonator assembly including a magnetic housing, YIG sphere and electromagnetic and air tuning coils for use in a frequency discriminator according to the present invention.
Referring first to one basic preferred embodiment of the frequency discriminator according to the present invention as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, wherein FIG. 1 shows in cross section a YIG filter 10 which is usable to the block diagram of FIG. 2. The YIG filter 10 includes a single resonator YIG sphere 12 whose center frequency is tuned by means of an electromagnet tuning coil 14 (shown in cross section) as a function of the electromagnet 14 tuning current, and a small air coil 16 which surrounds the YIG sphere 12 in the electromagnet gap 18. As explained further hereinafter, the air coil 16 is driven by a periodic waveform that displaces the resonant frequency of the YIG filter cavity by an amount on either side of the quiescent frequency proportional to the current in the coil set by bandwidth control 19. The advantages of an air coil (although the same effect is possible by scanning in a periodic waveform into the main tuning part of the electromagnet) are: the offset is zero, i.e., if there is no current in the coil 16 there is no effect on the YIG 12 resonance; the time constant is considerably smaller because the inductance of coil 16 is less and an air core coil has no magnetic time constant, consequently, the resonance can be tuned faster; and an air coil does not exhibit magnetic hysteresis or saturation, thereby insuring a linearity and slope independent of center frequency tuning.
The amplitude of the tuning current to the air coil 16 which is set by the bandwidth control 19, determines the extent that the YIG resonance is tuned off its quiescent (or Fo) value. Therefore, by varying the amplitude of the drive current in 19, the width of the resonance sweep can be readily adjusted. As explained further below, this is equivalent to varying the bandwidth of the discriminator. Typical variations of bandwidth could be ±400 MHz to as low as ± a few MHz. This capability is extremely important and is not characteristic of prior art frequency discriminators.
FREQUENCY CONTROL OF SIGNAL SOURCES
Solid state sources are available commercially to cover the frequency range from 10 MHz through 18,000 MHz. In the range below 500 MHz, these sources are typically generated by heterodyning a variable 1 to 2 GHz oscillator with a fixed frequency oscillator at about 2 GHz. The resulting output usually covers about a 100 to 1 range. Above 500 MHz this approach generates an intolerable spurious output level so that fundamental oscillators are generally preferred. The fundamental oscillators are electronically tuned over several octave ranges by either varactor or YIG devices. The current approach is to build each octave band as a stand alone module; therefore, if oscillator coverage from 500 MHz to 18,000 MHz is desired, at least 6 channels are required. Each channel has duplicate precision components to provide frequency accuracy and stability; each channel has some type of load isolation to prevent frequency pulling by load mismatches and each channel has temperature compensation built into both the oscillator and the driver. In multiband use, all channels must be kept on to minimize turn-on drift; each channel is optimized to reduce second and higher order harmonic components. The net result is that a multichannel oscillator from 10 MHz to 18 GHz is extremely expensive.
(1) WIDE CENTER FREQUENCY TUNING RANGES
It is possible with this discriminator to continuously control oscillators from 500 MHz through 40 GHz with a single device.
(2) VARIABLE DISCRIMINATOR BANDWIDTH
The wide bandwidth of ± hundreds of MHz is a capability that is unique to this tunable discriminator. The benefit is that this provides a wide capture range to pull in coarsely tuned oscillators.
(3) FAST SAMPLING SPEEDS
Because the discriminator can be scanned at up to MHz rates, the capture and control of the oscillator can be provided in microseconds.
(4) LINEARITY
In the initial capture, the linearity allows for a quick coarse correction of the oscillator to put it within a few MHz of the center frequency. The narrow bandwidth of the discriminator can then be used. Also, the loop gain is constant across the discriminator bandwidth.
(5) INSENSITIVITY TO INPUT AMPLITUDE VARIATIONS
This eliminates any need to level the oscillator output power before measuring frequency.
(6) SELECTION OF MAXIMUM INPUT SIGNAL
This feature insures that the oscillator fundamental is locked and eliminates any possible confusion over locking on harmonics of spurious signals.
FREQUENCY MEASUREMENT OF SIGNAL SOURCES
Another useful capability of the discriminator is to augment the operation of an automatic heterodyne counter by determining the exact frequency offset of the unknown input frequency relative to a harmonic comb line. In this manner, the IF bandwidth of the amplifier following the RF conversion process can be reduced. This significantly offsets two of the principal limitations of prior art heterodyne counters: the susceptibility to interference in the presence of multiple signals and the difficulty in measuring low level signals due to the wide noise bandwidths of the IF amplifiers currently in use. It also allows for the use of harmonic comb line spacing much wider than is currently possible, e.g., 500 MHz versus 100 to 200 MHz. A wider comb line spacing increases the RF comb power available from the harmonic generator at frequencies above 12 GHz and provides better isolation between adjacent comb lines. This further improves sensitivity and extends frequency measurement to much higher frequencies (e.g. to 40 GHz). At the same time, the presence of an input signal and the selection of the proper harmonic for converting it to IF can be provided by the current invention directly from the RF input signal rather than after IF processing as is currently required. A block diagram of an embodiment of the invention for improving automatic heterodyne counting is shown in FIG. 12.
DEMODULATION OF FM SIGNALS
This novel bandwidth discriminator technique provides a discriminator that makes practical low cost FM communications systems at microwave frequencies. Most microwave communication (low cost systems) use AM modulation techniques because low cost FM discriminators were not previously available. This novel discriminator brings into the microwave region all of the advantages that FM communication has over AM in the lower frequency broadcast bands.In fact, at microwave frequencies in the presence of multipath reflections and large amplitude variations in received signal level, the basic advantages of FM are even more significant.
MEASUREMENT OF TRANSMITTER DEVIATION AT MICROWAVE FREQUENCY
Important microwave measurements in the communications and signal simulations field are those of center frequency, modulation deviation and deviation linearity of a transmitter when excited by baseband information. At frequencies below about 1 GHz the input frequency is heterodyned into a conventional two cavity IF discriminator to measure deviation. However, as the maximum deviation increases it becomes more difficult to achieve this performance at an IF frequency. Therefore, measurements of deviation in microwaves are generally provided by the carrier-null technique which depends on the well known principle that at certain modulation indicies (ΔF)/(FR) the carrier energy goes to zero and all of the energy appears in the sidebands. By measuring FR (rate of modulation), knowing the appropriate value of the modulation index, the deviation (ΔF) can be accurately calculated. A major problem, however, is that a spectrum analyzer is needed to measure the carrier nulls thereby making the measurement awkward and expensive in the field. Another prior art method is to use a calibrated dispersion spectrum analyzer directly. Both approaches require an operator for interpretation and cannot provide useful outputs for automatic control.
TRACKING CONTROL FOR OTHER DEVICES
Because the wide bandwidth discriminator is so simple, so small and requires so little signal power, it is possible to include it under the same magnetic pole piece as other YIG tuned components to provide an output that tracks the filter to a given input signal.
US3434057 * May 2, 1966 Mar 18, 1969 Sylvania Electric Prod Automatic locking receiver
US3435346 * May 31, 1966 Mar 25, 1969 Sylvania Electric Prod Electronically tunable receiver
US3541444 * Aug 6, 1968 Nov 17, 1970 Us Navy Automatic microwave frequency measurement system
US3839677 * Oct 9, 1973 Oct 1, 1974 Varian Associates Tunable resonant circuits employing ferrimagnetic bodies controlled by common (main) and noncommon (auxiliary) magnetic fields
US4032859 * Sep 2, 1976 Jun 28, 1977 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy 1 to 18 ghz microwave signal generator
US4816782 * Sep 11, 1987 Mar 28, 1989 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Modulation sensitivity correction circuit for voltage-controlled oscillator
US5291081 * Nov 4, 1992 Mar 1, 1994 Kokusai Denshin Denwa Co., Ltd. Apparatus for detection of non-modulated signal and frequency acquisition
US5307516 * Sep 13, 1991 Apr 26, 1994 Nippon Hoso Kyokai Magnetostatic wave S/N enhancer and receiving apparatus of FM or PM signal using the same
US6388604 * Jun 19, 2000 May 14, 2002 Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Minister Of National Defence Circuit for LPI signal detection and suppression of conventional pulsed signals
US6727775 * Nov 29, 2001 Apr 27, 2004 Sirenza Microdevices, Inc. Ferrite crystal resonator coupling structure
US7400868 * Dec 8, 2004 Jul 15, 2008 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Automatic tuning apparatus for filter and communication instrument
US20050148309 * Dec 8, 2004 Jul 7, 2005 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Automatic tuning apparatus for filter and communication instrument
U.S. Classification 455/192.1, 331/9, 334/16, 331/96
International Classification H03D9/04, H03D3/00
Cooperative Classification H03D9/04, H03D3/00
European Classification H03D3/00, H03D9/04


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Patent US4161206 - Electromagnetic casting apparatus and process - Google Patents
An apparatus and process for casting metals wherein the molten metal is contained and formed into a desired shape by the application of an electromagnetic field. A control system is utilized to minimize variations in the gap between the molten metal and an inductor which applies the magnetic field. The...http://www.google.com/patents/US4161206?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US4161206 - Electromagnetic casting apparatus and process
Publication number US4161206 A
Application number US 05/905,889
Also published as CA1115769A, CA1115769A1, DE2853792A1, DE2853792C2
Publication number 05905889, 905889, US 4161206 A, US 4161206A, US-A-4161206, US4161206 A, US4161206A
Inventors John C. Yarwood, Ik Y. Yun, Derek E. Tyler, Peter J. Kindlmann
US 4161206 A
An apparatus and process for casting metals wherein the molten metal is contained and formed into a desired shape by the application of an electromagnetic field. A control system is utilized to minimize variations in the gap between the molten metal and an inductor which applies the magnetic field. The gap or an electrical parameter related thereto is sensed and used to control the current to the inductor.
1. In a process for casting metals comprising:
electromagnetically containing and forming molten metal into a desired shape, said electromagnetic containing and forming including the steps of providing an inductor for applying a magnetic field to said molten metal; applying an alternating current to said inductor to generate said magnetic field, said inductor in operation being spaced from said molten metal by a gap extending from the surface of the molten metal to the opposing surface of the inductor; and minimizing variations in said gap during said casting process by electrically sensing variations in said gap and responsive thereto controlling the magnitude of said current applied to said inductor so as to minimize said gap variations; the improvement wherein said step of electrically sensing variations in said gap comprises:
determining an electrical parameter corresponding about to the reactance or inductance of said inductor which varies with the magnitude of said gap and responsive to the determining of said electrical parameter, generating an error signal the magnitude of which is a function of the difference between the value of said determined electrical parameter and a predetermined value thereof; and
wherein said step of controlling the magnitude of said current comprises:
controlling the current applied to said inductor in response to said error signal so as to drive said error signal towards zero.
2. A process as in claim 1 wherein said step of determining said electrical parameter value comprises sensing the voltage and current in said inductor and providing signals corresponding thereto.
3. A process as in claim 1 wherein said electrical parameter comprises the reactance of said inductor.
4. A process as in claim 1 wherein said electrical parameter comprises the inductance of said inductor.
5. A process as in claim 2 wherein said electrical parameter comprises reactance and wherein said step of determining said electrical parameter comprises operating upon said voltage signal to generate a phase sensitive voltage signal corresponding to the magnitude of said voltage 90° out of phase to said current signal and dividing said phase sensitive voltage signal by said current signal for generating an output signal corresponding about to said reactance.
6. A process as in claim 2 wherein said electrical parameter comprises inductance and wherein said step of determining said electrical parameter comprises operating upon said voltage signal and generating a phase sensitive voltage signal corresponding to the magnitude of said voltage signal 90° out of phase to said current signal; and first dividing said phase sensitive voltage signal by said current signal for generating an output signal corresponding about to the reactance of said inductor; sensing the frequency of the current in said inductor and generating a signal corresponding thereto and secondly dividing said reactance signal by said frequency signal to generate a signal corresponding about to said inductance of said inductor.
7. A process as in claim 5 further including extracting the fundamental frequency of said voltage and current signals prior to said dividing step.
8. A process as in claim 6 further including extracting the fundamental frequency of said voltage and current signals prior to said first dividing step.
9. A process as in claim 2 wherein said step of determining said electrical parameter includes generating a 0° phase reference signal and a 90° phase reference signal and responsive to said 0° phase reference signal and said current signal generating a voltage signal corresponding to said current in said inductor thereof and responsive to said 90° phase reference signal and said sensed voltage signal generating a phase sensitive voltage signal corresponding to the voltage in said inductor 90° out of phase to the current.
10. A process as in claim 9 wherein said voltage signal corresponding to said current in said inductor and said phase sensitive voltage signal corresponding to the voltage in said inductor 90° out of phase to the current are generated at the fundamental frequency of said voltage and current signals.
11. A process as in claim 10 further including dividing said voltage signal corresponding to said current into said phase sensitive voltage signal to generate an output signal corresponding about to the reactance of said inductor.
12. A process as in claim 11 further including sensing the frequency of the current applied to said inductor and generating a signal corresponding thereto and dividing said reactance signal by said frequency signal to generate a signal corresponding about to the inductance of said inductor.
13. A process as in claim 12 wherein said step of generating said error signal comprises generating a predetermined voltage signal and comparing said reactance signal to said predetermined voltage signal to generate said error signal in correspondence with the difference therebetween.
14. A process as in claim 12 wherein said step of generating said error signal comprises generating a predetermined voltage signal and comparing said inductance signal to said predetermined voltage signal to generate said error signal in correspondence with the difference therebetween.
15. In a process for casting metals comprising:
electromagnetically containing and forming molten metal into a desired shape, said electromagnetic containing and forming including the steps of providing an inductor for applying a magnetic field to said molten metal and applying an alternating current to said inductor to generate said magnetic field, said inductor in operation being spaced from said molten metal by a gap extending from the surface of the molten metal to the opposing surface of the inductor, the improvement wherein said process further comprises:
sensing the magnitude of said gap, said sensing step comprising determining an electrical parameter corresponding about to the reactance or inductance of said inductor;
responsive to said sensing step generating an error signal the magnitude of which is a function of the difference between said sensed gap magnitude and a predetermined gap magnitude; and
responsive to said error signal controlling the current applied to said inductor so as to return said gap to said predetermined value.
16. A process as in claim 15 wherein said gap sensing step comprises sensing the voltage and current in said inductor and providing signals corresponding thereto.
17. A process as in claim 16 wherein said determining step includes converting said current and voltage signals into signals corresponding to the frequency of said current in said inductor, the RMS voltage, the RMS current and the true power applied to said inductor and calculating from said frequency, RMS voltage, RMS current and true power signals said electrical parameter of said inductor which varies with the magnitude of said gap.
18. A process as in claim 17 wherein said calculating step comprises calculating the inductance of said inductor and then calculating the magnitude of said gap and wherein said step of generating said error signal comprises comparing said calculated gap magnitude to a proprogrammed gap magnitude and generating a preprogrammed error signal in response to the difference between the calculated gap magnitude and the preprogrammed gap magnitude.
The electromagnetic casting apparatus comprises a three part mold consisting of a water cooled inductor, a nonmagnetic screen and a manifold for applying cooling water to the ingot. Such an apparatus is exemplified in U.S. Pat. No. 3,467,166 to Getselev et al. Containment of the molten metal is achieved without direct contact between the molten metal and any component of the mold. Solidification of the molten metal is achieved by direct application of water from the cooling manifold to the ingot shell.
The non-magnetic screen is utilized to properly shape the magnetic field for containing the molten metal as exemplified in U.S. Pat. No. 3,605,865 to Getselev. A variety of approaches with respect to non-magnetic screens are exemplified as well in the Karlson U.S. Pat. No. 3,735,799 and in U.S.Pat. No. 3,985,179 to Goodrich et al. Goodrich et al. U.S. Pat. No. 3,985,179 describes the use of a shaped inductor to shape the field. Similarly, a variety of inductor designs are set forth in the aforenoted patents and in U.S. Pat. No. 3,741,280 to Kozheurov et al.
While the above described patents describe electromagnetic casting molds for casting a single strand or ingot at a time the process can be applied to the casting of more than one strand or ingot simultaneously as exemplified in U.S. Pat. No. 3,702,155. In addition to the aforenoted patents a further description of the electromagnetic casting process can be found by reference to the following articles: "Continuous Casting with Formation of Ingot by Electro-magnetic Field", by P. P. Mochalov and Z. N. Getselev, Tsvetnye Met., August, 1970, 43, pp. 62-63; "Formation of Ingot Surface during Continuous Casting", by G. A. Balakhontsev et al., Tsvetnye Met., August, 1970, 43, pp. 64-65; "Casting in an Electromagnetic Field", by Z. N. Getselev, J. of Metals, October, 1971, pp. 38-59; and "Alusuisse Experience with Electromagnetic Moulds", by H. A. Meier, G. B. Leconte and A. M. Odok, Light Metals, 1977, pp. 223-233.
It is apparent from the foregoing discussion that when one attempts to electromagnetically cast such heavy metals and alloys a greater degree of control is required to obtain the desired surface shape and condition in the resulting casting. In U.S. Pat. No. 4,014,379 to Getselev a control system is described for controlling the current flowing through the inductor responsive to deviations in the dimensions of the liquid zone (molten metal head) of the ingot from a prescribed value. In Getselev U.S. Pat. No. 4014379 the inductor voltage is controlled to regulate the inductor current in response to measured variations in the level of the surface of the liquid zone of the ingot. Control of the inductor voltage is achieved by an amplified error signal applied to the field winding of a frequency changer.
A drawback of the control system described in Getselev U.S. Pat. No. 4014379 is that only changes in the molten metal head due to fluctuation of the level of the surface of the liquid zone are taken into account. It appears that Getselev U.S. Pat. No. 4014379 has assumed that the location of the solidification front between the molten metal and the solidifying ingot shell is fixed with respect to the inductor. This is not believed to be the case in practice. Factors which tend to cause fluctuation in the vertical location of the solidification front include variations in casting speed, metal super heat, cooling water flow rate, cooling water application position, cooling water temperature and quality (impurity content) and inductor current amplitude and frequency.
An air gap d exists during casting, between the molten metal head 19 and the inductor 11. The molten metal head 19 is formed or molded into the same general shape as the inductor 11 thereby providing the desired ingot cross section. The inductor may have and desired shape including circular or rectangular as required to obtain the desired ingot C cross section.
Xi =2πfLi                                     (2)
Zi ≈√Ri 2 +(2πfLi)2 (3)
Zi =impedance (ohms);
Ri =resistance (ohms);
f=frequency (hertz) and
Li =inductance (henrys).
Variation in load cross section namely the cross section of the molten metal head 19 will result in changes in the electrical loading of the inductor 11. If a constant voltage is applied across the inductor 11 as in Getselev U.S. Pat. No. 3,895,379, the containment process balances the hydrostatic pressure of the molten metal head 19 and the magnetic pressure of the electromagnetic forces to provide inherent control characteristics. Accordingly, an increase in molten metal head will tend to overcome the magnetic pressure and result in a larger ingot section. This in turn will reduce the gap "d" or ingot-inductor separation and thereby lower the impedance "Zi " and inductance "Li " of the system. Getselev U.S. Pat. No. 3,895,379 suggests this effect is based on a change in resistance associated with the increasing size of the ingot. However, it is believed that impedance rather than resistance is the controlling property. The inductor current amplitude "Ii " and, hence, the induced current amplitude is increased thereby in accordance with the equation:
where:p1 Ii =the current;
As described above, inductance or reactance of the loaded inductor 11 are functions of the gap size "d". In the prior art approach of the Getselev U.S. Pat. No. 3,895,379 patent a constant voltage is maintained across the inductor and a corrective voltage responsive to the height of the surface of the molten metal head is employed to control the inductor current. In contrast thereto, in accordance with the present invention, an electrical property of the casting apparatus 10 which is a function of the gap "d" between the molten metal head 19 and interior surface and the inductor 11 is sensed and a signal representative thereof is generated. Responsive to the gap signal the power supply 17 output is controlled to provide an appropriate frequency, voltage and current so as to maintain the gap "d" substantially constant.
The reactance of the inductor 11 and load 19 may be sensed as in FIG. 2 by measuring the voltage across the inductor 11 90° out of phase to the current and dividing that signal by the current measured in the inductor. For a fixed frequency mode of operation the reactance will be directly proportional to the inductance, as in equation (2) above. Therefore, for a fixed frequency mode the measured reactance is a function of the gap "d" in accordance with equation (1) above. If the frequency is not fixed during operation, then it is preferably to determine the inductance of the inductor 11 and its load 19 which can be done by dividing the reactance by a factor comprising 2πf.
Filtering circuits other than a phase-locked loop circuit 30 may be used to extract the fundamental frequency component. For example, both current and voltage waveforms can be examined at 0° and 0° with respect to an arbitrary phase reference, such as may be extracted from the inverter drive circuitry of the power supply 17. These in-phase (0°) and quadrature components (90°) can then be combined vectorially to yield voltages proportional to the fundamental frequency and current through the inductor 11.
The frequency output signal "f" from the converter 40 and the voltage "V" current "I" and power "kW" signals from the AC power meter 41 are fed to an analog to digital converter 42 which converts them into an appropriate digital form. The output of the analog to digital converter is fed to a computer 43 such as a mini-computer or microprocessor as, for example, a PDP-8 with Dec Pack manufactured by Digital Equipment, Inc. The computer 43 is programmed to use the values of frequency "f", voltage "V", current "I" and power "kW" which are fed to it to compute the respective values of apparent power "kVA", phase angle "θ", impedance "Z", reactance "X", and inductance "L". The computer can be programmed to calculate these parameters using the following relationships: kVA=V·I, θ=COS-1 kW/kVA, Z=V/I, X=Z sin θ and L=X/(2πF). Each of the aforenoted relationships is well known and allows the computation of the inductance of the inductor-load in operation. After calculating the inductance the computer 43 then calculates the gap "dc " using formula (1) above. The computer 43 then compares the calculated gap "dc " to a predetermined gap setting "d" in its memory and generates a preprogrammed error signal corresponding to the difference between "d" and "dc ". The error signal is then fed to a digital to analog converter 44 to convert the error signal into analog form. One output signal of the digital to analog converter 44 is applied to a voltage controller 45 and another output signal thereof is applied to a frequency controller 46. The outputs of the voltage 45 and frequency 46 controllers are each respectively tied to the power supply 17 to feedback to the power supply the error signals for adjusting the current in the inductor to compensate for the gap variation so as to drive the variation toward zero.
While the operation of the control system 18" of FIG. 4 has been described by reference to comparison of a sensed gap magnitude to a predetermined gap magnitude for generating an error signal, it could also be operated in a fashion similar to that described by reference to FIGS. 2 and 3. For example, instead of computing the sensed gap magnitude it could merely compute sensed reactance or inductance in accordance with the above equations and compare the computed value of reactance or inductance to some preprogrammed preset value thereof and generate a perprogrammed error signal in response to the variation from the preset value. This approach would advantageously require less computation than the approach wherein the sensed gap magnitude is calculated.
The apparatus 10 of this invention can be utilized without the need to sense the top surface 23 of the liquid metal head 19. This is the case because the parameters which are used are functions of the gap spaced "d" and are not greatly affected by the height "h" of the molten metal head 19. If desired, however, for the purpose of fine tuning the apparatus 10 the upper surface 23 of the molten metal head 19 can be sensed in the same manner as in the Getselev U.S. Pat. No. 3,895,379 patent to generate a signal responsive to the height thereof, as by the use of a linear transducer 47 such as Model 350 manufactured by Trans-Tek, Inc. The output of the transducer 47 is then applied to the analog to digital converter 42 which converts the analog signal to a digital one. The digital molten metal head height signal is then compared by the computer 43 to a desired set value preprogrammed therein and an error signal corresponding to any difference therebetween is generated by the computer. The computer 43 then combines its error signal due to gap variation and its error signal due to head height variation and generates an appropriate combined error signal which is applied to control the power supply 17 in the same manner as described above.
US2123776 * Jun 8, 1934 Jul 12, 1938 Rca Corp Control of hardening of steel
US3055959 * Nov 24, 1959 Sep 25, 1962 Nat Res Corp Electrical device for induction furnaces
US4014379 * Jul 3, 1972 Mar 29, 1977 Getselev Zinovy N Method of forming ingot in process of continuous and semi-continuous casting of metals
SU537750A1 * Title not available
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U.S. Classification 164/467, 164/452, 164/503, 164/450.5
International Classification B22D27/02, B22D11/16, B22D11/01, H05B6/06, B22D11/04
Cooperative Classification B22D11/015, H05B6/067
European Classification H05B6/06F, B22D11/01A

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text:
SAMPLE PLAY AUDIO SAMPLE http%3A%2F%2Fsamples.audible.com%2Fbk%2Fbrll%2F002639%2Fbk_brll_002639_sample.mp3+flashcontent1FX8W9YKPFW35BSSJ2B40 Dreaming of You
4.30 (778 ratings) A prim, well-bred gentlewoman, Sara Fielding is a writer who puts pen to paper to create dreams. But now curiosity is luring her from the shelter of her country cottage into the dangerous world of Derek Craven – handsome, tough, and tenacious – and the most exciting man Sara has ever met.

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text:
BBC Sport - Manchester United: Ferguson praises Van Persie impact
 BBC Sport Home Page Football All Sport All Sport Home Football Formula 1 Cricket Rugby U Rugby L Tennis Golf Athletics BBC Sport Home Football Formula 1 Cricket Rugby Union Rugby League Tennis Golf Athletics A-Z Sports Athletics Boxing Cricket Cycling Disability Sport Football Formula 1 Gaelic Games Golf Horse Racing Motorsport Olympic Sports Rugby League Rugby Union Snooker Swimming Tennis Winter Sports Full Sports A-Z Events Glasgow 2014 World Cup 2014 Around the UK England Scotland Wales Northern Ireland Programmes Match of the Day 5 Live Sport Sport on the BBC Get Inspired All Programmes Football Premier League Results Fixtures Table Live Scores All Teams Leagues & Cups Results Fixtures Table Premier League Home More from Football Live Scores All Teams Leagues & Cups Football Home 23 April 2013
And, when asked after the Villa game where he ranks Van Persie in terms of the best signings he has made during his 26 years in charge of United, Ferguson replied: "He has made a fantastic contribution. "In terms of impact he has had as big an impact as anyone I can imagine.
The Scot added: "It was a marvellous hit, head down, over the ball, perfect timing - a magnificent strike. "Of all the great goals we've scored over the years, from David Beckham through Ole Gunnar Solskjaer, Eric Cantona, that goal has joined that.
Blackburn, Manchester United
21 March, 2010 for Blackburn v Chelsea
Cost United £16.5m in June 2011
Blackburn appearances:
Manchester United appearances:
Montenegro 2-2, European Championship qualifier, 7 October 2011
"When he gets more experience he will be able to control his team-mates and eventually he will wear the armband for England." - then Blackburn boss Sam Allardyce
Latest first Oldest first Highest rated Lowest rated Comment number 550. Posted by Shaw
on 25 Apr 2013 17:18
I just want to note that I'm saddened Wazza has lost that huge offensive drive to push past players he had before the contract issue. At this stage of his career, even though the recent assist was majestic, we could've had two strikers putting away 60-70 goals in the league per season. Count in what the others chip in with and you got a treble winning season! GGMU
on 25 Apr 2013 07:15
544 - Er, I'm not an Arsenal fan - watched RVP as a neutral at both clubs. He's one of the best strikers in the business, but an out and out finisher with very little else to his game.King Red: Exactly - he couldn't win the title with Arsenal (team not good enough) but could with Utd (team good enough). That doesn't mean he's better now. Be honest, did you rate him as highly before he moved?
Comment number 548. Posted by ShadyPinesEscapee
on 24 Apr 2013 11:43
@546:You've obviously never actually looked at a game or are just a WUM. I have to provide evidence? Why? Look at any game he plays in and you'll see how wrong you're analysis is. His game is more than just goals. 80 goals, FCB win nothing so he must be crap, is not an opinion. Then wanting evidence that's on TV every weekend for all to see is just trolling. Take in more than just the highlights
Comment number 547. Posted by Finchy
on 24 Apr 2013 10:48
I'm gutted ............. just heard that JLS are splitting up !
Comment number 546. Posted by EverySingleGoal
@545 Care 2 provide a response with evidence 2 suggest otherwise? All he does is run & waits on the shoulder of the defender. By definition, a goal hanger. The fact that he scored 80 gls last year & barca won nothin of importance shows it's all bout messi's ego rather than the good of the team.
Comment number 545. Posted by ShadyPinesEscapee
on 24 Apr 2013 10:10
@544:Messi is the definition of a goal-hanger??? Are you serious? You can't really be. This is Soulpatch territory re Paul Scholes.
Comment number 544. Posted by EverySingleGoal
on 24 Apr 2013 09:55
@539 "creativity and dictates the build up of attacks, a la Messi" - Err Messi is the definition of goal hanger. The kid @school that demanded he had 2 score nearly every goal & simply goal hanged. RVP creates a lot of goals, 4 an arsenal fan u know little about ur ex player.
Comment number 543. Posted by czerwonadupa
on 24 Apr 2013 09:45
Oh MyThe bottom line is that I want to win trophies with Arsenal,not with anybody else.I know you can win trophies in many countries and in many ways,but I want to do that in our way and in an Arsenal shirt.I’m sure I could win things at another team in another country, but would it feel like our trophy, my trophy Anything we win here will come from the heart and that’s what I want" RVP 2011
Comment number 542. Posted by King Red
on 24 Apr 2013 09:38
540.toffeeblue that didnt take long, usually its barca or real rival fans threaten us with, now BM have destroyed barca United fans are getting threatened with the mighty BM.... how bout this, stick to your own club. Are you a BM fan? Have united hammered the prem league so badly you have to pick this weeks worlds best club to get one up on us..... pathetic 539._chris seriously.... wise up
Comment number 541. Posted by King Red
on 24 Apr 2013 09:28
Who cares what the non united fans think, they have their mind clouded with anvy and anger. if we look at the reality of the situation what we have is simple. RVP 8 seasons with Arsenal, couldn't even come close to wining the title, 1 season with united and well, we all know who heading back to the emirates with a massive smile on his face and medal around his neck. feel for wenger

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text:
Internet Archive Search: collection:iacl AND subject:"Envy"
TOPIC Envy 4
0 0 Tree calf over boards with black leather label on spine Topics: Envy, Conduct of life California Digital Library
0 0 Royal blue diagonal fine-ribbed cloth over boards, blocked in black, gold and blind. Chromolithographed paper onlay on upper board Topics: Kindness, Animal welfare, Envy, Courage, Honesty, Children's stories MORE RESULTS

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GENERAL SERVICE MEDAL NORTHERN IRELAND | eBay Skip to main contenteBayShop bycategoryEnter your search keywordAll CategoriesAdvancedDaily DealsHi, (Sign in to bid or buy)My eBayExpand My eBaySellExpand SellCommunityExpand CommunityHelp & ContactExpand Customer SupportBasket
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Carol Barnes: A super friend who made every outing fun | Daily Mail Online
Carol Barnes: A super friend who made every outing fun
Last updated at 23:01 08 March 2008
We worked for the same organisation for almost 20 years, yet Carol Barnes and I were very much friends first and colleagues second.
Carol was a highly determined reporter in her young days, first in radio, then for ITN. Being pregnant did not stop her from covering the Brixton race riots.
Another time, there she was trotting alongside Diana Spencer, soon to be Princess of Wales, and getting the first public words.
And so she moved up – to presenting the news, and eventually to the elite News At Ten team.
Friends first, colleagues second: Nicholas Owen and Carol Barnes
That first-rate professional was also a super friend, with a cheerful enthusiasm for life. Even though she had many moments of agonised grief after her daughter Clare died in a skydiving accident, it would be wrong to think they turned her introspective, gloomy or helpless.
She was always very careful to maintain her good looks and to keep fit. She swam, played tennis and was a regular at the gym. She was plucky enough to have had a pilot's licence for a few years. And she loved her golf.
That infernal game was really what drew us together. Many times she and I struggled along the fairways, wondering why we bothered. But Carol always made every outing enormous fun.
'Never mind, dear boy,' she would say as one of my drives went wonky. 'Ah, Owen the putt!' she would exclaim in the brief period a few years back when I seemed to do well.
I find it very hard to believe that I will never again find her waiting by a clubhouse, waving away as I drive up and joking in that gravelly voice about the absurdity of what we were about to attempt.
Carol was sociable, she loved her home looking out over the sea in Brighton...and she did not dwell on life's tragedies.
For a blissful period we worked alongside each other, on ITN's Lunchtime News. It was hard sometimes to keep a straight professional face – laughter was never far away.
We faced the cameras together one last time only a few weeks ago, when she interviewed me about a fallen star of our business, Ed Mitchell.
Why was she so popular? Because to the millions of television viewers she came over as friendly and down-to-earth. And that is precisely the 'Barnesy' I knew. And who I will miss so much, on screen and off.
Sports lover: Carol Barnes loved playing golf

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text:
Faith and Freedom "An inter-religious dialogue on the most fundamental questions in life. Where we agree and where we differ." Tickets, Wed, Feb 20, 2019 at 7:00 PM | Eventbrite
Faith and Freedom "An inter-religious dialogue on the most fundamental ques...
Wed, February 20, 2019, 7:00 PM – 9:00 PM MST
CALVARYPHX - NW Campus
Join 960 The Patriot and Faith Talk 1360 KPXQ for Faith and Freedom, An inter-religious dialogue on the most fundamental questions in life. Where we agree and where we differ.
The evening features a candid, entertaining, and in-depth inter-faith conversation between three nationally renowned public intellectuals: one Jewish - Dennis Prager, one Christian - Alistar Begg, one Muslim - Zuhdi Jasser, and moderated by Maricopa County Attorney - Bill Montgomery.
Dennis Prager is one of America’s most respected radio talk show hosts. He has been broadcasting on radio since 1982 and is an amazingly gifted man and moralist whose mission in life has been crystallized – to get people obsessed with what is right and wrong. He’s the founder of Prager U. He’s considered one of America’s five best speakers and is widely sought after by television shows for his opinions.
Alistair Begg serves as the senior pastor at Parkside Church near Cleveland, Ohio. He has written several books and can be heard daily on the radio program, Truth For Life, which stems from his week by week expositional Bible teaching at Parkside Church.
Zuhdi Jasser is a frequent guest on the Fox News Channel and President of the American Islamic Forum for Democracy. He is also a regular contributor to national and international media. He is an ardent advocate in Islam for freedom, liberty, and the separation of mosque and state through modern Muslim reforms against the ideology of "political Islam" or Islamism. He is author of the book, "A Battle for the Soul of Islam: An American Muslim Patriot's Fight to Save His Faith".
Bill Montgomery our Maricopa County Attorney is committed to vigorously prosecuting crimes and holding criminals accountable. He believes in the responsible application of Arizona's tough sentencing laws to ensure violent and repeat criminals are kept away from our fellow citizens and communities while seeking innovative strategies to deal with issues such as substance abuse and mental health. He is committed to partnering with law enforcement along with business and civic leaders to protect and strengthen communities, and has been an outspoken advocate for protecting children.
$100 VIP ticket - includes 6:00 pm VIP Meet & Greet Reception with photo opportunity and special speaker premiums including Dennis Prager's "Rational Bible" on audio cd, along with the book "The Hand of God" by Alistair Begg, and a Truth For Life portfolio that includes a "This One Thing I Do" Disc. These premiums are valued at over $45 making the VIP ticket the best deal in town!
Things to do in Glendale, AZ Appearance Spirituality
Faith and Freedom "An inter-religious dialogue on the most fundamental questions in life. Where we agree and where we differ." at CALVARYPHX - NW Campus
6060 West Bell Road, Glendale, AZ 85308

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text:
Duncan McLean, Duncan McLean |
Lone Star Swing by Duncan McLean, Duncan McLean |, Paperback | Barnes & Noble
Duncan McLean, Duncan McLeanDuncan McLean, Duncan McLean
High Fidelity meets Blue Highways in this gloriously offbeat quest for the true roots of Texas Swing.Using the prize money from his Somerset Maugham Award, Duncan McLean traveled from Orkney, Scotland, to Texas in search of the extraordinary mix of jazz, blues, country, and mariachi that is Western Swing.This account of his travels takes in barbed-wire
Lone Star Swing available in
High Fidelity meets Blue Highways in this gloriously offbeat quest for the true roots of Texas Swing.Using the prize money from his Somerset Maugham Award, Duncan McLean traveled from Orkney, Scotland, to Texas in search of the extraordinary mix of jazz, blues, country, and mariachi that is Western Swing.This account of his travels takes in barbed-wire museums, onion festivals, hoe-downs, ghost-towns, dead dogs, and ten thousand miles of driving through the Lone Star State. A constant soundtrack of vintage music from bands like the Texas Top Hands, The Lightcrust Doughboys, and the Modern Mountaineers cheers McLean as he tries, with great difficulty, to track down any trace of his greatest heroes: Bob Wills and the Texas Playboys.Both a quest for a musical grail and a wildly funny travelogue, Lone Star Swing captures the singular wonders of Texas and its maverick inhabitants, its staggering 100-in-the-shade heat, its mouth-blistering chilies. . . . Above all it captures the spirit of the glorious mongrel music-once incredibly popular, now all but forgotten-that he crossed the world to hear.

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text:
(Redirected from Arjun Reddy (film))
₹40—51.5 million[a]
₹500 million[4]
Arjun Reddy was released worldwide on 25 August 2017, notably clashing with Indian films Vivegam and A Gentleman.[50] In Hyderabad, 55 paid premieres were held a day before the release, surpassing the record set by Baahubali 2: The Conclusion which had 33 premiere shows.[45] Post-release, Hanumantha Rao lodged a complaint against the film, stating that it promoted sexual abuse in colleges and substance abuse in hospitals. He also asked Kalvakuntla Chandrashekhar Rao, the chief minister of Telangana, to stop the film's screening across the state.[51] A week after the film's release, D. Nagaraju from Khammam accused the film's makers of plagiarising his script and demanded compensation of ₹20 million.[52] In Vijayawada, women's organisations held a protest against the film, complaining of its "objectionable" content that could have a negative impact on young people.[53]
Arjun Reddy opened to a 100% occupancy in some areas of India, including districts of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh.[57] At the United States box office, the film debuted with earnings of US$194,051 from its premieres and of US$709,347 in two days.[58] By the end of its first weekend, it grossed US$954,677 in the US,[59] and A$111,521 in Australia. Arjun Reddy grossed ₹189.8 million globally, with a distributor share of ₹104.2 million in its first weekend. The film was declared commercially successful as it earned a profit of 73.66% for its distributors.[60] Arjun Reddy's earnings exceeded US$1 million on its fourth day of theatrical release in the US, becoming the 32nd Indian Telugu-language film to do so.[61]
Sowmya Rajendran, in her review for The News Minute, called Arjun Reddy a "great example of immersive storytelling" with a "blistering" performance from Deverakonda. She had problems with Preethi's lack of agency and her portrayal of an abusive relationship. She wrote: "What the happy ending does, however, is to validate Arjun's abusive behaviour towards Preethi, right from the time he set his eyes on her".[75] Vishnupriya Bhandaram, writing for Firstpost, said Arjun Reddy is similar to Mani Ratnam's Kaatru Veliyidai (2017) in its portrayal of an abusive relationship, writing: "Stripped off [sic] the cinematography, style and treatment, Arjun Reddy isn’t that revolutionary after all, it is still a nod to the male ego".[76]
Arjun Reddy is being remade in Tamil as Varma, which is being directed by Bala and is the cinematic debut of Vikram's son Dhruv Vikram, who is reprising the role of Deverakonda. Principal photography commenced in March 2018 at Kathmandu, Nepal.[80] The Hindi remake, which stars Shahid Kapoor as the male lead,[81] is scheduled to be released on 21 June 2019.[82]
^ "Shocking duration for Arjun Reddy". The Hans India. 12 August 2017. Retrieved 18 September 2018.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arjun_Reddy&oldid=860957655"

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Bolex Cine Camera | eBay Skip to main contenteBayShop bycategoryEnter your search keywordAll CategoriesAdvancedDaily DealsHi, (Sign in to bid or buy)My eBaySellCommunityHelp & ContactBasket
25d 2h 10m Postage
riverside_retro (5089
Bolex B8L Paillard Cine Camera With 5.5mm Pizar Wide + 13.5mm Yvar Lenses VG And The 13.5mm Yvar Lenses. Pizar 5.5mm f/2 (also f/1.9) (PIZUI) Yvar 13mm f/1.9 Fix-Focus. Superb Vintage Swiss Bolex. Swiss Cine Camera. EXPOSURE METER: A photoelectric cell measures light through t...
Bid price:£33.09 9 bids
PAILLARD - BOLEX cine camera.
Looks to be in good condition nothing missing. Sold for parts. Not sure if it works. Found in my parents loft.
This came with a job lot of camera gear that I bought and is of no use to me. Possible of no use to anyone else either other than a museum but, rather than just bin it, I have listed it, just in case....
Bolex 233 Compact S - Super 8mm Cine Camera
Complete with pistol grip no lens cap but in very good condition otherwise.
Hi, Selling my vintage Bolex-Paillard 150 Super 8mm cinecam due to having too many cameras! Specifications:Bolex 150 Super. Lens: Paillard-Bolex 1,9 / 8,5 - 30 mm. Auto Exposure. 4d 8h 10m left
VINTAGE BOLEX PAILLARD E8 8MM CINE CAMERA
Vintage bolex e8 8mm cine camera, lovely display piece, this has not been tested with film, the clockwork motor is running well. Sold as seen. It's really worth your while to have a browse in my ebay ...
BOLEX S1 ZOOM REFLEX 8MM CINE CAMERA - VG CONDITION
Lens appears clear and motor runs smoothly. I have not tested automatic diaphragm setting device but battery compartment is in good condition ( see photo) Case is in good condition but no carrying str...
Great Vintage Swiss Bolex. FILM CAPACITY: 25ft daylight loading spools of double run 8mm film. When a roll runs through the camera, only half the width of film is exposed. 5d 4h 45m left
BOLEX 150 SUPER CINE CAMERA Bolex 150 super cine camera - faulty. A Paillard Bolex 150 super 8mm Cine Camera with a 8.5mm- 30mm F1.9 zoom lens. 10d 13h 57m left
Bolex Paillard P4 Cine Camera, 1960s + free quartz watch, free post
Bolex Paillard P4 Cine Camera, early 1960s vintage. In good working order, was used by a relative in 1960s. 1d 13h 0m left
Bolex Paillard L8 cine camera
This L8 is a late model dated from 1950, serial number 87775 and has a Yvar D mount lens 12.5mm 1:2,8 serial number 82092. It comes in its original white leather pouch and with the leather wrist strap...
VINTAGE BOLEX C8 STD 8mm CINE CAMERA , NEEDS some TLC Uses Standard 8mm cine film . 21d 10h 16m left
BOLEX 155 CINE CAMERA super 8
I have fitted batteries and tested working ok and taken batteries out again so (no batteries come with this camera) the battery compartment is clean. Lens= MACROZOOM 1: 1 ,9 - f = 8,5 - 30mm. Clean. 2d 10h 10m left
Classic cased BOLEX 150 SUPER 8 Super8 cine movie film camera. Tested & Working
This superb cine camera is ideal for making your first steps into the world of movie making. Please do carefully examine the photos of the actual lens for sale here. We do not use stock photos. 4d 9h 53m left
Instructions Cine CAMERA PILLARD BOLEX model H. Size 12x17cm, 24 pages - THE POSTAGE PRICE INCLUDES THE COST OF PRODUCING A COPY ON A DISC OR MEMORY STICK AND POSTING OUT.
Bolex 233 cine Camera and Eumig Mini zoom reflex for spares or repair - 3SB
Bolex 233 Compact and Eumig Mini zoom reflex for spares or repair. Two lovely vintage Cine Cameras. Age UK Solihull welcomes support from Volunteers, Donations and more.... 4d 9h 36m left
Bolex 8 cine CAMERA
Iconic Bolex 8 cine camera made in Switzerland with manual and original tan leather caseGB brit no 686360Was working when last used but have been unable to test.
Size 18x13cm 22 pages - instructions only YOU ARE BUYUING A SCANNED COPY OF AN ORIGINAL -THE POSTAGE PRICE INCLUDES THE COST OF PRODUCING A COPY ON A DISC AND POSTING OUT. 6d 8h 51m left
Below are the specs copy pasted from the Bolex site:Bolex B-8VS (1957) Here for auction is a Bolex B-8VS 8mm Cine Camera. Bolex ZOOM REFLEX hard leather case (non original but serviceable) 6d 9h 33m left
Bolex Paillard 16mm reflex cine-camera with three standard lenses+Pan-Cinor:1.2 RAN-CINOR 1:2, f17-85mm BtcS. Lenses:Pizar, f25mm, 1:1.5 N631424 H16 RX. Zoom lens made in France:Som Bertnior. Yvar f75mm, 1:2.8 N741886. Switar f10mm, 1:1,6 N 737356 H16 RX. Made in Switzerland. 3d 7h 56m left
Bolex P2 Zoom Reflex 8mm Cine Camera With Pan Cinor 9-30mm f1.9 Lens It is fitted with a Pan-Cinor zoom lens in good optical condition. There is a pinprick scratch on the front element, but this should not affect footage (all of the image passes through all of the glas...
BOLEX 525XL Super 8 (silent) Cine Camera & BOLEX Vario Lens & Photina Splicer
You are bidding on a Bolex 525XL Super8 (silent) Cine Camera with Bolex Vario lens 1:1.1 / 9-22.5 mm. Above item comes bundled with a photina splicer for super8 film (see pics). 5d 9h 32m left
Buy it now BOLEX PAILLARD B8 CINE CAMERA
1940's/1950's vintage in superb condition complete with beautiful stitched leather case and many extra bits.
Movie cine camera BOLEX 350 micro compact zoom 8-40mm 1:1,7 lens + box . F21
Movie cine camera BOLEX 350 micro compact zoom 8-40mm 1:1,7 lens + box&instructions We specialise in selling cine cameras and projectors. They are all checked to make sure they work. 1d 11h 4m left
Bolex 563 XL Sound Macro Zoom Super-8 Cine Camera A1 Condition
Bolex 563 XL Sound Macrozoom. Bolex 563 XL Sound Macrozoom. Macro focusing. Auto / Manual Zoom with 2 Speeds. Manual / Auto Exposure. Aspheron 4mm wide angle lens adapter came with the camera. 5d 13h 39m left


text:
Pyle Bass Expanding Red Rechargeable Mini Speaker for iPod/ iPhone/ MP3 - 13329457 - Overstock Shopping - Big Discounts on Pyle MP3 Speaker Systems
ITEM# 13329457
ITEM#: 13329457
A vacuum bass design provides surprising volume and bass response with this mini speaker from Pyle. This speaker plays all iPod and iPhone models and plays fully charged for up to eight hours. Plays all iPod/iPhone models and other audio devices with 3.5-mm audio jack Perfect replacement for laptop speakers Unique vacuum bass design for surprising volume and bass response Fits in your pocket for ultimate portability Built-in li-ion rechargeable batteries Frequency response 100HZ-20KHZ Battery charge time: DC 5V 200MAH-300 MAH around 2.5 hours, USB 4 hours Plays on fully charged for 8 hours Dimensions: 2 inches deep x 1.4 inches wide x 2.2 inches high Color: Red For state-specific electronic recycling and disposal information, please click here.
suefl9
initially it worked great but after 2 months of use I find I have to recharge it more often so it doesn't hold a charge for long.
Read More robin33613
Read More happyis2011
Read More tamilinm
Is this speaker compatible with iPhone5 (since it has a tiny port instead of the bigger ports from the older models)?
Hello, bearby10. Hope your day is going well. This item has a universal 3.5 MM head phone jack. Thank you for shopping with us and please feel free to contact us again with any further questions.

value: This website is an American internet retailer selling primarily furniture headquartered in Midvale, Utah, near Salt Lake City.


text: As a transport hub, Port Melbourne had numerous hotels. Early industries included a sugar refining, soap production, candle works, chemical works, rice and flour mills<


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Monopoly for the people: three strange days at the urbanism 'idea camp' | Cities | The Guardian
Monopoly for the people: three strange days at the urbanism 'idea camp'
The common language at the European Cultural Foundation’s second annual Idea Camp – featuring 50 ‘idea makers’ from 23 countries who gathered in Stockholm to chase prizes of €10,000 – was English. Unofficially, it was urbanese
Tue 29 Sep 2015 06.40 EDT Last modified on Fri 11 May 2018 08.13 EDT
To succeed at Commonsopoly, a twist on Monopoly showcased at the ECF’s Idea Camp 2015, ‘you only win if you all win together’. Photograph: Julio Albarrán/ECF
In the Stockholm suburb of Botkyrka, where 1970s towerblocks bathe in damp Swedish autumn air, and misty forests surround the peaceful lake of Albysjön, lies the former estate of telephone tycoon Lars Magnus Ericsson. He was a farmer’s son, and once he was done with telephones he moved back to the country to return to his first love, bovine innovation. After his death the buildings fell into disuse and in the 1990s were bought by the local municipality for one krone, and turned into a “creative cluster” home to a series of arts institutions, collectively known as Subtopia.
For three long days last week this peculiar Swedish suburb – where substantial unemployment resides amidst allotments and gently awe-inspiring natural beauty – was home to the European Cultural Foundation’s (ECF’s) second annual Idea Camp, hosting 50 people called “idea makers” from 23 countries. The proposals – each with the goal to “Build the City” – have been selected by the ECF from 400 entries, and over three long days their multinational proposers are encouraged to develop their ideas via collaboration, discussion and a toolkit straight out of Blue Peter. If they can escape death by a thousand Post-it notes, the idea makers have the chance of winning one of 25 ECF research and development grants of up to €10,000 a piece. But it’s not about the destination, it’s the journey that matters – albeit a journey taking place inside Subtopia’s huge windowless warehouse, Hangaren, the largest circus space in Sweden.

value: This website is a British news and media website owned by the Guardian Media Group. It contains nearly all of the content of the newspapers The Guardian and The Observer, as well as a substantial body of web-only work produced by its own staff, including a rolling news service.


text:
Leadership Academy: Effective Communication Registration, Thu, Oct 19, 2017 at 9:00 AM | Eventbrite
Leadership Academy: Effective Communication
Thursday, October 19, 2017 from 9:00 AM to 12:00 PM (PDT)
Sales End 1d 9h 54m
$79.00 per ticket, per attendee. The HR Business Partner Discount is designated for clients with pre-existing contracts with Sierra HR Partners. Non-HRBP's that select the discounted ticket rates will be billed for additional ticket costs. An RSVP is a commitment to pay. No refunds or cancellations; however, substitutions from within your organization will be accepted.
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Share Leadership Academy: Effective Communication
You are invited to attend our "Effective Communication" seminar on Thursday, October 19, 2017. Join us, to learn how to improve essential communication and listening skills. This seminar provides an interactive overview of four basic communication styles, as well as principles from Stephen Covey’s Habit 5: Seek First to Understand, Then to be Understood.
Determine communication style tendencies and how to adapt
Who needs to know? R.A.C.I. - Who's Responsible, Accountable, Consulted, and Informed
Understand how presumptions, assumptions, and unspoken messages impact communication
Learn to ‘diagnose before prescribing’
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Understand autobiographical responses and how they interfere with effective listening
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Have questions about Leadership Academy: Effective Communication ? Contact Sierra HR Partners, Inc.


text:
9780970498007: Secrets of the Best Data Warehouses in the World - AbeBooks - Rob Armstrong; Tom Coffing; Rolf Hanusa: 0970498004
Rob Armstrong; Tom Coffing; Rolf Hanusa Secrets of the Best Data Warehouses in the World
ISBN 13: 9780970498007
Rob Armstrong; Tom Coffing; Rolf Hanusa
ISBN 10: 0970498004 ISBN 13: 9780970498007
Publisher: Coffing Data Warehousing, 2000
This book is a fundamental guide for executives and decision makers involved in a data warehouse. This easy to read manual puts the business user and the IT staff on the same page for data warehousing. It gives you the six foundations and principles to follow that are essential secrets at the largest and best data warehouses in the world. It also gives you the red flags and warning signs to beware of when implementing a data warehouse.
Rolf Hanusa, Tom Coffing, and Rob Armstrong, have designed, implemented, consulted, and trained at the largest and most successful data warehouses in the world. Rolf Hanusa is one of the key leaders in building the SBC data warehouse, which is the largest data warehouse in the world. Tom Coffing is Vice President of Coffing Data Warehousing and has trained and consulted at over 50 major warehouse sites. Rob Armstrong help build the first Terabyte data warehouse. Rob's been involved in all aspects of the industry from developing code for relational database sytems, to leading implementations for some of the most succesful data warehouses in the world.
'...first common sense book I've read about data warehousing and applying computers to business....c -- Tracy Austin, VP, IT Development Harrah's Entertainment, Inc.
“Excerpts from the book were incorporated into our Company's Global Decision Support Strategy... -- Kevin Bubeck, Data Warehouse Program Manager Coca-Cola USA
1. Secrets of the Best Data Warehouses in the World
Armstrong, Rob, Coffing, Tom, Hanusa, Ro
Published by Coffing Data Warehousing (2000)
Book Description Coffing Data Warehousing, 2000. Paperback. Book Condition: New. Never used!. Bookseller Inventory # P110970498004
2. Secrets of the Best Data Warehouses in the World
Book Description Coffing Data Warehousing, 2000. Paperback. Book Condition: New. book. Bookseller Inventory # M0970498004
3. Secrets of the Best Data Warehouses in the World
Armstrong, Rob; Coffing, Tom; Hanusa, Rolf
Published by Coffing Data Warehousing
Book Description Coffing Data Warehousing. PAPERBACK. Book Condition: New. 0970498004 New Condition. Bookseller Inventory # NEW7.2087385

value: This website is an e-commerce global online marketplace with seven websites that offer books, fine art, and collectables from sellers in over 50 countries. Launched in 1996, it specialises in used, rare and out-of-print books.


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Shop Uttermost Albinus 1-Light Aged Ivory Table Lamp - Free Shipping Today - Overstock.com - 9721373
I'd seen these lamps in a nice lighting store so was very happy to find them on overstock. They are heavy and really attractive. Make a great accent.
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Hand-Knotted Crenshaw Wool/ Viscose Area Rug - 9' x 13'
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text:
Patent US8032222 - Device for electrically and mechanically stimulating a compartment in a body - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Advanced Patent Search | Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA device is provided for stimulating select body tissues and organs from within a compartment in a body. The device includes a tube having a distal end, a proximal end and a plurality of lumens. At least one distendable element is located along and coupled to the tube in closer proximity to the distal...http://www.google.com/patents/US8032222?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US8032222 - Device for electrically and mechanically stimulating a compartment in a bodyPublication numberUS8032222 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 12/141,675Publication dateOct 4, 2011Filing dateJun 18, 2008Priority dateJun 19, 2007Also published asUS8275460, US20080319504, US20110313330, WO2008156796A2, WO2008156796A3Publication number12141675, 141675, US 8032222 B2, US 8032222B2, US-B2-8032222, US8032222 B2, US8032222B2InventorsMichael K. H. Loushin, Keith J. Leland, Jaydeep Yeshwant KokateOriginal AssigneeLoushin Michael K H, Leland Keith J, Jaydeep Yeshwant KokateExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (28), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (4), Classifications (8) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetDevice for electrically and mechanically stimulating a compartment in a bodyUS 8032222 B2Abstract A device is provided for stimulating select body tissues and organs from within a compartment in a body. The device includes a tube having a distal end, a proximal end and a plurality of lumens. At least one distendable element is located along and coupled to the tube in closer proximity to the distal end than to the proximal end. Each distendable element is configured to expand against the compartment into a first position and contract within the compartment into a second position. At least one electrical component is in association with each of the distendable elements and configured to activate and deactivate electrical stimulation to the select body tissues and organs. The expansion and contraction of each distendable element and the activation and deactivation of each electrical component in the compartment is repeated over a period of time.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS3411507Apr 1, 1964Nov 19, 1968Medtronic IncMethod of gastrointestinal stimulation with electrical pulsesUS3911930Mar 1, 1974Oct 14, 1975Stimulation TechMethod and structure of preventing and treating ileus, and reducing acute pain by electrical pulse stimulationUS4329994Jun 18, 1980May 18, 1982American Hospital Supply CorporationMultilumen catheterUS5292344Jul 10, 1992Mar 8, 1994Douglas Donald DPercutaneously placed electrical gastrointestinal pacemaker stimulatory system, sensing system, and pH monitoring system, with optional delivery portUS5690691May 8, 1996Nov 25, 1997The Center For Innovative TechnologyGastro-intestinal pacemaker having phased multi-point stimulationUS5861014Apr 30, 1997Jan 19, 1999Medtronic, Inc.Method and apparatus for sensing a stimulating gastrointestinal tract on-demandUS5995872Oct 1, 1998Nov 30, 1999Medtronic, Inc.Method and apparatus for electrical stimulation of the gastrointestinal tractUS6115635Mar 31, 1999Sep 5, 2000Medtronic, Inc.Method and apparatus for electrical stimulation of the gastrointestinal tractUS6425877May 6, 1999Jul 30, 2002Novasys Medical, Inc.Treatment of tissue in the digestive circulatory respiratory urinary and reproductive systemsUS6477423Nov 15, 2000Nov 5, 2002Transneuronix, Inc.Medical device for use in laparoscopic surgeryUS6491663Apr 6, 2000Dec 10, 2002Jerome H. LemelsonMedical devices using electrosensitive gelsUS6500174 *Nov 5, 1999Dec 31, 2002Atrionix, Inc.Circumferential ablation device assembly and methods of use and manufacture providing an ablative circumferential band along an expandable memberUS6832114Nov 6, 2001Dec 14, 2004Advanced Bionics CorporationSystems and methods for modulation of pancreatic endocrine secretion and treatment of diabetesUS6865416Oct 1, 2001Mar 8, 2005Genetronics, Inc.Electrically induced vessel vasodilationUS6895279Sep 14, 2001May 17, 2005Alfred E. Mann Institute For Biomedical Engineering At The University Of Southern CaliforniaMethod and apparatus to treat disorders of gastrointestinal peristalsisUS7150745Jan 9, 2004Dec 19, 2006Barrx Medical, Inc.Devices and methods for treatment of luminal tissueUS20020188289 *Jun 6, 2001Dec 12, 2002Scimed Life Systems, Inc.Conductive expandable electrode body and method of manufacturing the sameUS20030055465Oct 29, 2002Mar 20, 2003Shlomo Ben-HaimSmooth muscle controllerUS20050096514Nov 1, 2003May 5, 2005Medtronic, Inc.Gastric activity notificationUS20050124920Feb 21, 2003Jun 9, 2005Hans GregersenMethod and apparatus for investigating force-deformation properties in muscles in walls of bodily hollow systemsUS20050149142Jan 30, 2004Jul 7, 2005Starkebaum Warren L.Gastric stimulation responsive to sensing feedbackUS20050222638Mar 28, 2005Oct 6, 2005Steve FoleySensor based gastrointestinal electrical stimulation for the treatment of obesity or motility disordersUS20050240239Jun 29, 2005Oct 27, 2005Boveja Birinder RMethod and system for gastric ablation and gastric pacing to provide therapy for obesity, motility disorders, or to induce weight lossUS20060069413Nov 16, 2005Mar 30, 2006Imran Mir ARadially expandable gastrointestinal stimulation deviceUS20070016262Apr 11, 2006Jan 18, 2007Betastim, Ltd.Gi and pancreatic device for treating obesity and diabetesUS20070250020Apr 19, 2006Oct 25, 2007Steven KimDevices and methods for treatment of obesityUS20070293885May 25, 2007Dec 20, 2007Binmoeller Kenneth FMethods and devices to curb appetite and/or to reduce food intakeUS20080097468 *Sep 7, 2007Apr 24, 2008Adams Ronald DSystems for performing gynecological procedures with closed visualization lumen* Cited by examinerNon-Patent CitationsReference1Search Report and Written Opinion dated Jan. 15, 2009 from International application No. PCT/US2008/007614, filed Jun. 19, 2008.Referenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS8386010 *Oct 1, 2009Feb 26, 2013Covidien LpSurgical tissue monitoring systemUS8543211 *Jul 22, 2009Sep 24, 2013ElectroCore, LLCMethods and apparatus for deep brain stimulationUS20100010564 *Jul 22, 2009Jan 14, 2010Electrocore, Inc.Methods and apparatus for deep brain stimulationUS20100137738 *Oct 1, 2009Jun 3, 2010Robert BeetelSurgical tissue monitoring system* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification607/40International ClassificationA61N1/00Cooperative ClassificationA61N1/0517, A61N1/36017, A61N1/36021, A61N1/36007European ClassificationA61N1/36B, A61N1/05ERotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google


text:
How to create a sound on off button with ActionListener class?
AutoHotKey (AHK) How to crop text in a Gui Button

value: This website is a question and answer website for professional and enthusiast programmers. It is the flagship site of the Stack Exchange Network, created in 2008 by Jeff Atwood and Joel Spolsky.


text:
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Starting at $2.85	If Grace Is True: Why God Will Save Every Person
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Words that start with glenalm | Words starting with glenalm
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/words-that-start-with-glenalm
Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary 10,529,726,892 visitors served
Found 1 words that start with glenalm. Browse our Scrabble Word Finder, Words With Friends cheat dictionary, and WordHub word solver to find words starting with glenalm. Or use our Unscramble word solver to find your best possible play! Related: Words containing glenalm
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value: This website is an American online dictionary and encyclopedia that aggregates information from various sources.


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HC hikes Best Bakery witnesses' compensation to Rs 3 lakh | mumbai | Hindustan Times
Updated: Jul 10, 2012 16:40 IST
Terming as "inadequate" the Rs 2000 compensation given by Gujarat government to four key witnesses in the post-Godhra 'Best Bakery' riots case, the Bombay high court today hiked it to Rs 3 lakh, considering their "ordeal".The high court had yesterday heavily relied upon the testimonies of the four employees of the bakery, who had received grievous injuries during the riots, to uphold life sentence to four accused in the case in which five others were acquitted for want of evidence."Compensation given to these witnesses is inadequate taking into consideration the ordeal they have undergone. Hence we direct Gujarat government to deposit compensation of Rs three lakh each to these four eyewitnesses," a division bench of justices VM Kanade and PD Kode ordered.Noting that a number of witnesses had turned hostile in the case, the court said it was high time that the state government developed a mechanism for providing protection to witnesses.Relying on statements of four injured eyewitnesses--Tufil Ahmed Siddiqui, Raees Khan, Shahzad Khan Pathan and Shailun Khan Pathan-- the court had upheld the conviction and life sentence awarded to the four accused - Sanjay Thakkar, Bahadur Singh Chauhan, Sanabhai Baria and Dinesh Rajbhar.It had, however, reversed the conviction of five other accused - Rajubhai Baria, Pankaj Gosavi, Jagdish Rajput, Suresh alias Lalo Devjibhai Vasava and Shailesh Tadvi- after observing that no witnesses identified them as part of the mob that attacked Best Bakery and no specific role was attributed to them.On March 1, 2002, two days after the carnage in which 59 kar sevaks were burnt alive in Sabarmati Express at Godhra, a mob had attacked Best Bakery in Vadodara, looting and burning it down and killing 14 people. The mob targeted the Muslims taking shelter inside, including the Sheikh family which ran the bakery. Three Hindu workers employed at the bakery were also killed.Apart from these four eyewitnesses, the bench also ordered a compensation of Rs 3 lakh to key prosecution witness Yasmeen Shaikh. more from mumbai

value: This website is an Indian English-language daily newspaper introduced and founded in 1924 by Sunder Singh Lyallpuri, founder-father of the Akali movement and the Shiromani Akali Dal in the Punjab Province. It played integral roles in the Indian independence movement as a nationalist daily.


text:
Secrets of Male and Female Working ...
Adopt healthy habits for working at...
by Dean Lok
Health Inequalities- The Social Dis...
Student Movement for Real Change
Health, Hygiene & Sanitation Workshops- Kenya

From September to December 2008, SMRC worked with the community to conduct a series of four 10-day workshops with 160 participants from the Kayafungo. Health facilitators from the Muthaa Community Development Foundation (MCDF) led the workshops.

Topics included:
Personal hygiene
Common
Nutrition
Watertreatment.
Latrine Construction
Wastewaterdisposal.
Ecological alternatives in sanitation
FirstAid.
Trainer of Trainers

Workshop participants are now Community Health Trainers and have the responsibility to train others in the community and in the schools on better health practices.

Emily Karechio, the lead health facilitator from MCDF, lectures women on household water filtration techniques.

Workshop participants observe how to build a standard latrine.

Community Health Trainer Program
During our Community Health Trainer (CHT) program in February 2009, selected CHTs from each sub-location trained pupils in every school where we installed hand-washing stations.

The CHTs explained to the students the reasons they should wash their hands, how often to do it, and the best technique to ensure effectiveness.

Dean Lok
T BASSO (2)

value: This website is an American hosting service, now owned by Scribd, for professional content including presentations, infographics, documents, and videos. Users can upload files privately or publicly in PowerPoint, Word, PDF, or OpenDocument format.


text:
Bumper Book of Humphrey's Tiny Tales 2 by Betty G. Birney 9780571310517 9780571310517 | eBay
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value: This website is an American multinational e-commerce corporation based in San Jose, California, that facilitates consumer-to-consumer and business-to-consumer sales through its website.