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Geniuses, the mathematician Paul Halmos wrote, "are of two kinds: the ones who are just like all of us, but very much more so, and the ones who, apparently, have an extra human spark. We can all run, and some of us can run the mile in less than 4 minutes; but there is nothing that most of us can do that compares with the creation of the Great G-minor Fugue." Nash's genius was of that mysterious variety more often associated with music and art than with the oldest of all sciences: It wasn't merely that his mind worked faster, that his memory was more retentive, or that his power of concentration was greater. The flashes of intuition were nonrational. Like other great mathematical intuitionists -- Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann, Jules Henri Poincaré, Srinivasa Ramanujan -- Nash saw the vision first; constructing the laborious proofs long afterward. But even after he'd try to explain some astonishing result, the actual route he had taken remained a mystery to others who tried to follow his reasoning. Donald Newman, a mathematician who knew Nash at MIT in the 1950s, used to say about him that "everyone else would climb a peak by looking for a path somewhere on the mountain. Nash would climb another mountain altogether and from that distant peak would shine a searchlight back onto the first peak."
Many great scientists and philosophers, among them René Descartes, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Immanuel Kant, Thorstein Veblen, Isaac Newton, and Albert Einstein, have had similarly strange and solitary personalities. An emotionally detached, inward-looking temperament can be especially conducive to scientific creativity, psychiatrists and biographers have long observed, just as fiery fluctuations in mood may sometimes be linked to artistic expression. In The Dynamics of Creation, Anthony Storr, the British psychiatrist, contends that an individual who "fears love almost as much as he fears hatred" may turn to creative activity not only out of an impulse to experience aesthetic pleasure, or the delight of exercising an active mind, but also to defend himself against anxiety stimulated by conflicting demands for detachment and human contact. In the same vein, Jean-Paul Sartre, the French philosopher and writer, called genius "the brilliant invention of someone who is looking for a way out." Posing the question of why people often are willing to endure frustration and misery in order to create something, even in the absence of large rewards, Storr speculates:
More than any symptom, the defining characteristic of the illness is the profound feeling of incomprehensibility and inaccessibility that sufferers provoke in other people. Psychiatrists describe the person's sense of being separated by a "gulf which defies description" from individuals who seem "totally strange, puzzling, inconceivable, uncanny and incapable of empathy, even to the point of being sinister and frightening." For Nash, the onset of the illness dramatically intensified a pre-existing feeling, on the part of many who knew him, that he was essentially disconnected from them and deeply unknowable. As Storr writes:
However melancholy a depressive may be, the observer generally feels there is some possibility of emotional contact. The schizoid person, on the other hand, appears withdrawn and inaccessible. His remoteness from human contact makes his state of mind less humanly comprehensible, since his feelings are not communicated. If such a person becomes psychotic (schizophrenic) this lack of connection with people and the external world becomes more obvious; with the result that the sufferer's behavior and utterances appear inconsequential and unpredictable.
The New York Times Reads like a fine novel.
book by nina sankovitch

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Sandra Warfield - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Sandra Warfield (June 8, 1921 – June 29, 2009) was an American operatic mezzo-soprano who performed with New York City's Metropolitan Opera from the 1950s through the 1970s.
She was born in Kansas City, Missouri on June 8, 1921, as Flora Jean Bornstein and studied music there at the Kansas City Conservatory of Music (which later became a division of the University of Missouri–Kansas City). She made her stage debut with the Los Angeles Civic Light Opera during the 1940s.[1] In 1950 she portrayed Prince Orlofsky in Die Fledermaus at the Chautauqua Opera.
Warfield first appeared on the stage of Metropolitan Opera in a 1953 performance of The Marriage of Figaro, the 1786 opera by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, in which she sang the role of a peasant girl.[1] She sang the role of Delilah in Camille Saint-Saëns's Samson and Delilah at a concert in Norfolk, Virginia in 1953 for which she was separately booked with tenor James McCracken, also a fellow performer at the Met, and the two were married shortly thereafter.[2] McCracken left the Met in 1957, complaining that he was not being given lead roles.[3] They moved to Europe, where they spent several years. There she performed with the Zurich Opera. They returned to the United States, and the Metropolitan Opera, in the 1960s.[1]
Her performances at the Met included Ulrica in Giuseppe Verdi's Un ballo in maschera, Berta in The Barber of Seville by Gioachino Rossini, Marcellina in The Marriage of Figaro, Maddalena in Rigoletto by Verdi and Erda in Richard Wagner's Siegfried, totaling 172 performances. She sang the role of Delilah in Samson and Delilah, with Richard Tucker performing as Samson. In her farewell performance in January 1972, Warfield performed Delilah with her husband as Samson.[1]
Following her opera retirement, Warfield began cabaret singing, at such venues as Manhattan's

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Twisted Dreams Jewelry by TwistedDreamsJewelry on Etsy
Twisted Dreams Jewelry
Announcement PLEASE NOTE: We will also be CLOSED for vacation from 6/17-6/24 so no orders will ship out during that time
Current turnaround time on most items is approximately 2 weeks due to our current order volume. Please keep in mind that each item is handmade upon ordering. If you need an item sooner, please send a message prior to ordering to ensure timely delivery.
Twisted Dreams Jewelry started as a hobby and has now grown into something bigger than I imagined. Thank you to all of my loyal customers for allowing me to continue to create! Looking for something specific, but don't see it in our shop? Send us a convo! We love custom order requests!
Be sure to follow Twisted Dreams Jewelry on Facebook to stay updated on our newest pieces and current promotions.
www.facebook.com/TwistedDreamsJewelry
We do offer discounts on larger orders. Please use the code below at checkout...
20% off orders of $200 or more - code is TAKE20
15% off orders of $150 or more - code is TAKE15
10% off orders of $100 or more - code is TAKE10
5% off orders of $50 or more - code is TAKE5
**Please note - this applies to your total invoice before shipping costs
PLEASE NOTE: We will also be CLOSED for vacation from 6/17-6/24 so no orders will ship out during that time
Kids Essential Oil Diffuser Necklace
Personalized Charm Necklace - First Communion, Baptism, Confirmation
Firefighter's Charm Bracelet
Caged Lava Rock Essential Oil Diffuser Necklace
Grandmother's Birthstone Charm Bangle
Police Officer Memorial Hand-stamped Charm Bangle
Hocus Pocus Inspired Hand-stamped Charm Necklace - I put a Spell on you
Harry Potter Inspired Hand-stamped Charm Necklace
Defy Gravity Hand-stamped Charm Necklace
MOM Memorial Hand-stamped Charm Jewelry
DAD Memorial Hand-stamped Charm Keychain or Bangle
Beach Babe Charm Bangle
Firefighter Love Charm Bangle
Firefighter Paracord Keychain
Football Lover's Charm Bracelet
Amber Marie on May 3, 2017
Beautifully made! Just as depicted. Great shop and purchase.
Infertility, Pregnacy Loss, Infant Loss Awareness Paracord Bracelet
donabagee on Apr 19, 2017
This is a beautiful piece, the quality is great and it looks even better then in the picture. I will be making more purchases from Twisted Dreams Jewelry in the future. I highly recommend them.
EMS Paracord Keychain
Chris Dugan on Mar 6, 2017
Hand-Stamped Discs for one of my favorite and most popular pieces - all ready for stain and polish!
One of our most popular items this time of year! Only three more left in stock to ship in time for Christmas! Shop online at TwistedDreamsJewelry.etsy.com
Great gift idea for the holiday season! Shop all of our adjustable charm bangles at TwistedDreamsJewelry.etsy.com
Santa Holiday Adjustable Charm Bangle
Twisted Dreams Jewelry started as a hobby and through the interest of my friends of family is now growing into something bigger than I imagined. Because I have been so blessed in my life, it is important to me that a charity benefits from my work.
Cancer is a disease that hits close to home for me. I have watched friends and family battle this disease, lost far too many loved ones, and had a few close calls with it myself. Because of this, I have decided that a portion of all sales from Twisted Dreams Jewelry will be donated to The American Cancer Society through my Relay for Life team, Shooting for the Cure. More information on our team can be found at http://main.acsevents.org/goto/ShootingForTheCure2016

value: This website is an American e-commerce company focused on handmade or vintage items and craft supplies.


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BBC News - Peugeot and Changan Automotive finalise joint venture
Peugeot and Changan Automotive finalise joint venture
French car giant Peugeot Citroen has become the latest major carmaker to team up with Changan Automotive after sealing a deal to build cars in China.
The 50:50 joint venture will produce 200,000 vehicles initially in Shenzhen, southern China, starting in the second half of 2012.
It will involve an initial investment of 8.4bn yuan ($1.2bn; £815m).
Changan, China's fourth largest carmaker, already has joint ventures with Ford, Volvo, Mazda and Suzuki.
An initial agreement between the new partners was signed in May.
The deal is designed to give the French carmaker a bigger share of the rapidly-growing Chinese car market, which is already the biggest in the world.
"It's a good move for Peugeot as a new venture could expand its product line and hopefully help it win more market share [in China]," said Zhang Xin at Guotai Securities.
Peugeot has an existing venture, dating back to the early 1990s, with Dongfeng Motor Group.
China is seen as an increasingly important market for global carmakers who suffered massive declines in demand in Europe and the US during the global downturn.

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Civil War Maps, 1800 to 1899, Shiloh, Fremaux, Leon Joseph, Tennessee, United States, English, Military Battles and Campaigns | Library of Congress
Results: 1-1 of 1 | Refined by: Part of: Civil War Maps Remove Date: 1800-1899 Remove Location: Shiloh Remove Contributor: Fremaux, Leon Joseph Remove Subject: Tennessee Remove Location: United States Remove Language: English Remove Part of: Military Battles and Campaigns Remove

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Expedia.com • Hotels • United States of America • Colorado • Colorado Springs Hotels • Cliff House at Pikes Peak, Colorado Springs
Get an overview of this hotelHistoric Manitou Springs hotel in Manitou Springs Historic District, near Manitou Springs Cave Dwellings Expedia Insiders' Select™ Winner 2015This hotel is one of the few selected in Manitou Springs to receive this exclusive award based on 1 million guest reviews submitted annually by Expedia travelers. +VIP Access™ HotelWe carefully hand-picked this hotel based on its dedication to service and excellent guest reviews.Expedia +gold members receive free room upgrades and +gold and +silver members get other perks upon availability at check-in. See details Location
Along with 2 restaurants, this hotel has a fitness center and a bar/lounge. Free buffet breakfast and free WiFi in public areas are also provided. Additionally, valet parking, coffee/tea in the lobby, and 24-hour room service are onsite. Room Amenities
Dining is available at one of the hotel's 2 restaurants. A bar/lounge is on site where guests can unwind with a drink. Guests can enjoy a complimentary breakfast each morning. Public areas are equipped with complimentary high-speed wired and wireless Internet access. This 3.5-star property offers access to a business center and meeting rooms. Event facilities measure 9000 square feet (810 square meters). This Victorian hotel also offers a fitness center, coffee/tea in the lobby, and complimentary newspapers in the lobby. Onsite parking is available (surcharge). Free wired high-speed Internet Conference space size (feet) - 9000 Conference space size (meters) - 810 Number of meeting rooms - 5 Number of floors - 4 Number of buildings/towers - 1 24-hour front desk Free breakfast Bar/lounge Airport transportation (surcharge) Total number of rooms - 54 Business center Coffee/tea in common areas Free newspapers in lobby Dry cleaning/laundry service Elevator/lift Express check-in Express check-out Fitness facilities Free WiFi Meeting rooms 5 Valet parking (surcharge) Porter/bellhop Luggage storage Number of restaurants - 2 Wedding services Show all hotel amenities Business Travel Amenities
Airport transportation Valet parking Free WiFi Free breakfast Business center Meeting rooms Dining room service Express check-in Express check-out Coffee in lobby Dry cleaning or laundry services Business services Family Friendly Amenities
Free wired high-speed Internet Air conditioning Free bottled water Refrigerator Coffee/tea maker Hypo-allergenic bedding available Private bathroom In-room safe Premium TV channels DVD player Free newspaper Daily housekeeping Turndown service Designer toiletries Bathrobes Free toiletries Iron/ironing board Cable TV service Flat-panel TV Free WiFi Room service (24 hours) Free cribs/infant beds Show all room amenities Where to Eat
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ui automation - When i run my android UIAutomator code, it shows error - Stack Overflow
2 When I run my android UIAutomator code, it shows following error.
I just ran the sample code given in developer.android.com
01-05 01:07:53.559: D/AndroidRuntime(5712): >>>>>> AndroidRuntime START com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit <<<<<<
01-05 01:07:53.559: D/AndroidRuntime(5712): CheckJNI is ON
01-05 01:07:53.559: E/AndroidRuntime(5712): cannot open customer xml file
01-05 01:07:53.559: E/AndroidRuntime(5712): /system/csc/customer.xml can't open file
01-05 01:07:53.564: D/AndroidRuntime(5712): readGMSProperty: start
01-05 01:07:53.564: D/AndroidRuntime(5712): readGMSProperty: already setted!!
01-05 01:07:53.564: D/AndroidRuntime(5712): readGMSProperty: end
01-05 01:07:53.589: D/dalvikvm(5712): Trying to load lib libjavacore.so 0x0
01-05 01:07:53.599: D/dalvikvm(5712): Added shared lib libjavacore.so 0x0
01-05 01:07:53.609: D/dalvikvm(5712): Trying to load lib libnativehelper.so 0x0
01-05 01:07:53.609: D/dalvikvm(5712): Added shared lib libnativehelper.so 0x0
01-05 01:07:53.664: I/dalvikvm(5712): Zip is good, but no classes.dex inside, and no valid .odex file in the same directory
01-05 01:07:53.874: D/dalvikvm(5712): Note: class Landroid/app/ActivityManagerNative; has 152 unimplemented (abstract) methods
01-05 01:07:53.924: D/AndroidRuntime(5712): Calling main entry com.android.commands.uiautomator.Launcher
01-05 01:07:53.934: D/AndroidRuntime(5712): Shutting down VM
01-05 01:07:53.934: W/dalvikvm(5712): threadid=1: thread exiting with uncaught exception (group=0x40ffa2a0)
01-05 01:07:53.939: E/UiAutomatorTestRunner(5712): uncaught exception
01-05 01:07:53.939: E/UiAutomatorTestRunner(5712): java.lang.RuntimeException: com.uia.example.my.LaunchSettings
01-05 01:07:53.939: E/UiAutomatorTestRunner(5712):  at com.android.uiautomator.testrunner.UiAutomatorTestRunner.start(UiAutomatorTestRunner.java:95)
01-05 01:07:53.939: E/UiAutomatorTestRunner(5712):  at com.android.uiautomator.testrunner.UiAutomatorTestRunner.run(UiAutomatorTestRunner.java:82)
01-05 01:07:53.939: E/UiAutomatorTestRunner(5712):  at com.android.commands.uiautomator.RunTestCommand.run(RunTestCommand.java:76)
01-05 01:07:53.939: E/UiAutomatorTestRunner(5712):  at com.android.commands.uiautomator.Launcher.main(Launcher.java:83)
01-05 01:07:53.939: E/UiAutomatorTestRunner(5712):  at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit.nativeFinishInit(Native Method)
01-05 01:07:53.939: E/UiAutomatorTestRunner(5712):  at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit.main(RuntimeInit.java:237)
01-05 01:07:53.939: E/UiAutomatorTestRunner(5712):  at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method)
01-05 01:07:53.939: E/UiAutomatorTestRunner(5712): Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: com.uia.example.my.LaunchSettings
01-05 01:07:53.939: E/UiAutomatorTestRunner(5712):  at dalvik.system.BaseDexClassLoader.findClass(BaseDexClassLoader.java:61)
01-05 01:07:53.939: E/UiAutomatorTestRunner(5712):  at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:501)
01-05 01:07:53.939: E/UiAutomatorTestRunner(5712):  at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:461)
01-05 01:07:53.939: E/UiAutomatorTestRunner(5712):  at com.android.uiautomator.testrunner.TestCaseCollector.addTestClass(TestCaseCollector.java:83)
01-05 01:07:53.939: E/UiAutomatorTestRunner(5712):  at com.android.uiautomator.testrunner.TestCaseCollector.addTestClass(TestCaseCollector.java:71)
01-05 01:07:53.939: E/UiAutomatorTestRunner(5712):  at com.android.uiautomator.testrunner.TestCaseCollector.addTestClasses(TestCaseCollector.java:52)
01-05 01:07:53.939: E/UiAutomatorTestRunner(5712):  at com.android.uiautomator.testrunner.UiAutomatorTestRunner.start(UiAutomatorTestRunner.java:92)
01-05 01:07:53.939: E/UiAutomatorTestRunner(5712):  ... 6 more
01-05 01:07:53.944: I/AndroidRuntime(5712): VM exiting with result code -1.
android ui-automation android-testing share|improve this question edited Dec 10 '12 at 9:29
How do you run it? Emulator? Version?
You need to look at the logcat output to understand wher the java.lang.RuntimeException is. Please provide log cat output.
Did you ever figure this out? I have the same problem and have tried all the answers on this page with no luck. I am trying to use the Eclipse export to create the jar file.
If you get a ClassNotFindException while running your uiautomator tests :
Some of us my get this error because their ROM puts the folder /data/dalvik-cache in read-only mode. That happened to me with Cyanogen for a S3.
In that case type, in bash :
rerun your tests and that should work. As dalvik-cache is locked for apps, uiautomator can't ask dalvik to unzip the jar of your tests and dalvik won't find the its classes. share|improve this answer answered Dec 10 '12 at 17:21
See if removing the @UiThreadTest annotation or removing the runOnUiThread() call or re-factoring your tests work. But without a logcat, difficult to understand where it's coming from. share|improve this answer answered Dec 7 '12 at 23:20
I solved this error by using"ant build" to create my jar.If u use export in eclipse to create a jar file, there might be some errors in the resulting class file, hence the above class not found error.
Not the answer you're looking for?	Browse other questions tagged android ui-automation android-testing or ask your own question.	asked
android device is not visible for run eclipse

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Extraction of uranium from aqueous solution by phosphonic acid-imbedded polyurethane foam. - PubMed - NCBI
Format: AbstractFormatSummarySummary (text)AbstractAbstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListApplySend toChoose DestinationFileClipboardCollectionsE-mailOrderMy BibliographyCitation managerFormatSummary (text)Abstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListCSVCreate File1 selected item: 18966928FormatSummarySummary (text)AbstractAbstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListMeSH and Other DataE-mailSubjectAdditional textE-mailDidn't get the message? Find out why...Add to ClipboardAdd to CollectionsOrder articlesAdd to My BibliographyGenerate a file for use with external citation management software.Create File
See comment in PubMed Commons belowTalanta. 1997 Oct;44(10):1865-71. doi: 10.1016/S0039-9140(97)00082-9.Extraction of uranium from aqueous solution by phosphonic acid-imbedded polyurethane foam.Katragadda S1, Gesser HD, Chow A.Author information1Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.AbstractPhenylphosphonic acid was imbedded into the matrix of the polyurethane foam during the fabrication process of the polymer. The extraction of uranium by phosphonic acid-imbedded polyurethane foam and blank polyurethane (i.e., foam without phosphonic acid functional groups) was investigated. Phosphonic acid-imbedded foam showed superior extractability of uranium from solutions with pH=7.0+/-1.5 over a wide range of temperature.PMID: 18966928 DOI: 10.1016/S0039-9140(97)00082-9 ShareLinkOut - more resourcesFull Text SourcesElsevier ScienceOther Literature SourcesCOS Scholar UniversePubMed Commons home

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text:
Houlihan's - Concord, CA | Groupon
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385 Sun Valley Mall,
If fine food and refreshing beverages are on your to-do list, check out Houlihan's in Concord. Al fresco eating options are also available at Houlihan's, which presents a lovely patio seating area for warmer months.

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BE CONFIDENT - NEW PAPERBACK BOOK | eBay
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Be Book - Hebrews
Excellent study of the book of Hebrews, which in very important to learning the early development of the church. These Be Books are wonderful studies of the Bible.
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Patent US4184833 - Pelletizing apparatus - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsA knife adjustment system including a normally non-rotatable quill threadably attached to a hub outwardly extending from the face of an extrusion die at a point proximal said face in order to insure that the operating temperatures of such quill and hub at the connection location are generally equal....http://www.google.com/patents/US4184833?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US4184833 - Pelletizing apparatusAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS4184833 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 05/845,413Publication dateJan 22, 1980Filing dateOct 25, 1977Priority dateOct 25, 1977Publication number05845413, 845413, US 4184833 A, US 4184833A, US-A-4184833, US4184833 A, US4184833AInventorsWalter Buchan, Gomer E. Kropa, Edward J. WiniarskiOriginal AssigneeLeesona CorporationExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (10), Referenced by (17), Classifications (6) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetPelletizing apparatus
US 4184833 AAbstract
A knife adjustment system including a normally non-rotatable quill threadably attached to a hub outwardly extending from the face of an extrusion die at a point proximal said face in order to insure that the operating temperatures of such quill and hub at the connection location are generally equal. Adjustment means for threadably rotating the quill with respect to the hub so as to in turn adjust the spacing of cutter knives with regard to the die face in the form of a planetary gear system located at that end of the hub distal from the die face is further included. The knives are fixed to a knife carrier and in turn supported for rotation about the quill.
1. An apparatus for cutting material strands as they emerge from a melt extruder having a plurality of extrusion openings generally radially extending about the fact thereof comprising a stationary cylindrical hub outwardly extending from said face, a hollow generally stationary quill positioned over and attached to said hub at a location proximal to said extruder face by means of a mutual thread engagement, a knife carrier rotatably supported on said quill, said knife carrier having at least one knife mounted thereon and adapted for opposed positioning with respect to said extruder face and in the path of said openings so as to cut materials as it emerges therefrom upon rotation about said quill, and quill adjusting means supported by said hub and positioned at that end of said hub distal from said extruder face for rotating said quill about said mutual thread engagement with said hub to longitudinally move said quill with respect to said hub thereby adjusting the longitudinal spacing between said knife and said extruder face.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, said hub positioned generally centrally of said openings.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, said hub projecting outwardly of said quill at said distal end thereof and forming a hub extension thereat, said quill adjusting means supported by said hub extension.
4. An apparatus for cutting material strands as they emerge from a melt extruder having a plurality of extrusion openings generally radially extending about the face thereof comprising a stationary cylindrical hub outwardly extending from said face, a hollow generally stationary quill positioned over and attached to said hub at a location proximal to said extruder face by means of a mutual thread engagement, a knife carrier rotatably supported on said quill, said knife carrier having at least one knife mounted thereon and adapted for opposed positioning with respect to said extruder face and in the path of said openings so as to cut material as it emerges therefrom upon rotation about said quill, quill adjusting means positioned at that end of said hub distal from said extruder face for threadably rotating said quill with respect to said hub to longitudinally move said quill with respect to said hub thereby adjusting the spacing between said knife and said extruder face, said hub positioned generally centrally of said openings, said quill adjusting means including a ring gear positioned about an inner periphery of said quill and having spaced planet gears engaged therewith and a sun gear rotatably supported about said hub whereby rotation of said sun gear in either direction threadably rotates said quill with respect to said hub in the same direction.
5. An apparatus for cutting material strands as they emerge from a melt extruder having a plurality of extrusion openings generally radially extending about the face thereof comprising a stationary cylindrical hub outwardly extending from said face, a hollow generally stationary quill positioned over and attached to said hub at a location proximal to said extruder face by means of a mutual thread engagement, a knife carrier rotatably supported on said quill, said knife carrier having at least one knife mounted thereon and adapted for opposed positioning with respect to said extruder face and in the path of said openings so as to cut material as it emerges therefrom upon rotation about said quill, quill adjusting means positioned at that end of said hub distal from said extruder face for threadably rotating said quill with respect to said hub to longitudinally move said quill with respect to said hub thereby adjusting the spacing between said knife and said extruder face, said hub positioned generally centrally of said openings, said hub projecting outwardly of said quill at said distal end thereof and forming a hub extension thereat, said quill adjusting means supported by said hub extension, said quill adjusting means including a ring gear positioned about an inner periphery of said quill and having spaced planet gears engaged therewith and a sun gear rotatably supported about said hub extension whereby rotation of said sun gear in either direction threadably rotates said quill with respect to said hub in the same direction.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, said sun gear including an outwardly projecting extension in turn connected to the central hub of a hand wheel, said hand wheel supported by said hub extension for adjustment rotation thereabout.
7. The apparatus of claim 5, said planet gears and said ring gear being adapted for relatively longitudinal movement with respect to each other.
This invention relates to knife adjustment means and particularly such a construction utilized in combination with means for forming thermoplastic pellets wherein strands of thermoplastic material are extruded into an enclosed chamber whereupon they are cut into discrete particles or pellets by rotating knives. The invention is particularly directed to a novel adjustment mechanism for moving the knives towards and away from the face of the die in such a manner that the desired gap therebetween is substantially unaffected by temperature changes within the knife supporting structure.
Pelletizing apparatus including those having knife adjustment systems of this general type are known and include that shown in U.S. Application Ser. No. 748,235 filed Dec. 6, 1976, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,099,900, directed to a novel pellet cooling system and assigned to the assignee of the present invention. Such adjustment system and those systems similar thereto generally move that portion of the apparatus upon which the knives are supported freely towards and away from the normally heated face of the extrusion die from some adjustment point conveniently remote therefrom. Accordingly, when such adjustment is initially made as upon startup of the machine, heat buildup at those portions of the knife supporting structure proximal to the face of the heated die may expand at a different rate than portions thereof located more remote from the heat source and subsequently cause changes in the knife gap or spacing. Generally this change of spacing is away from the die face and requires an inward adjustment during operation which can as upon cooling during shut off cause a knife shift against the die and scoring of the die face upon a subsequent start up. Such mechanisms also require readjustment during operation.
Accordingly, it is a primary object of the present invention to provide a novel adjustment mechanism for an extrusion apparatus of the aforementioned type in which relative heat changes in the various areas thereof does not adversely affect the knife adjustment setting.
A further object of the present invention is the incorporation into such equipment of a novel knife adjustment mechanism such that adjustment thereof may take place at a convenient location distal from the operating extrusion die face and in such a manner that rotational operator adjustment movement is translated to similar movement relative to the die face.
A still further object of the present invention is the provision of a knife support and adjustment means wherein such is assembled with the extrusion die at a point proximate the heated face thereof whereby expansion movements between the die and knife support are equalized.
The above objects are substantially met by the provision of an apparatus for cutting material strands as they emerge from a melt extruder having a plurality of extrusion openings generally radially extending about the face thereof. The extruder further includes a stationary cylindrical hub outwardly extending from said face. Thereon a hollow generally stationary quill is positioned over and attached to the hub at a location proximal to the extruder face by means of a mutual thread engagement. A knife carrier is rotatably supported on the quill, said knife carrier having at least one knife mounted thereon and adapted for opposed positioning with respect to said extruder face and in the path of said openings so as to cut material as it emerges therefrom upon rotation about said quill. Quill adjusting means are positioned at that end of the hub distal from said extruder face for threadably rotating said quill with respect to said hub to longitudinally move said quill with respect to said hub thereby adjusting the spacing between said knife and said extruder face.
In the drawing which illustrates the best mode presently contemplated by carrying out the present invention:
FIG. 1 is a side sectional view with an apparatus embodying the present invention shown disposed in operational positioning at the front face of an extrusion die;
FIG. 2 is an end sectional view taken along the line 2--2 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a partial perspective view showing a portion of the device of the present invention; and
FIG. 4 is a partial side sectional view on an enlarged scale showing in particular the manner in which the hub and quill are assembled.
Referring to the drawing and in particular FIG. 1 thereof, the construction of the extruder and cutting means with which the cutter adjustment means 10 of the present invention is adapted for cooperation is best shown as including a die 12 having a plurality of extrusion openings 14 circumferentially spaced about the face 16 of such a die and through which strands of thermoplastic resin material are adapted to be extruded. Thereafter, such strands are cut into discrete pellets by the action of rotating knives 18 passing across the face 16 of such die 12 at those points from which the strand emerges from the extrusion openings 14. The pellets may then pass into a cage structure 26 in which coolant fluid is circulated so as to cool, prevent the pellets from sticking to each other, and subsequently removing them for additional classification and packaging operations.
The knives 18 may be fixed in position relative to the face 16 of the die by means of a circular flange or ring 20 of a knife carrier 22 by means of bolts 24. The knife carrier 22 in turn may be provided with coolant introduction means 26 including a slinger 27 and is adapted for rotation about a generally stationary hollow cylindrical quill 28. The knife carrier 22 is supported upon the quill 28 by means of a plurality of bearings 30 suitably positioned therebetween by known retaining and locking devices such as the retainer 32 and the lock nut 34.
The quill 28 is supported upon a stationary hub 36 in a manner which will hereinafter be more fully explained. The hub 36 is generally cylindrical in shape and outwardly extends from the face of the die and is connected thereto by means of bolts 38 as by means of a connecting flange 40. Accordingly, the die 12, the hub 36, the quill 28 and coolant cage 26 are stationary with respect to the knife carrier 22 which in turn is adapted to rotate about the quill 28 so as to effect the above referrec to cutting action of the strands as they emerge from the extrusion openings 14. The hub is positioned generally centrally of the series of die openings which position, in addition to the radial center, may include a somewhat eccentric mounting with respect thereto so that the knives sweep across the die face eccentrically and accordingly utilize a greater length of blade surface in order to achieve longer wear.
The hub may be in part insulated from the extrusion die 12 as by the introduction of insulation 42 therebetween and may be further internally cooled by means of the introduction of a coolant to an interior bore 44 thereof by means of an inwardly extending conduit 46. Regardless of such attempts however to cool the hub, heat passing from the extrusion die and especially upon startup invariably passes to the hub 36 and the knife carrier 22 and causes a relative expansion therebetween with prior art adjustment systems where the quill is separated from the hub in those areas proximal to the heated die face. In such cases the heat from the die face, in order to equalize the temperature between the hub and knife carrier 22, must travel outwardly along the hub to a remote connection point and then return the full extent of the knife carrier thus making it difficult to immediately equalize any temperature expansion and often cause several adjustments to be caused prior to meeting steady state operations. Also, adjustment means remote from the heat source necessarily means that heat growth will be multiplied by the length of such hub and often may reach unacceptable magnitudes. The present invention eliminates such effects and furthermore assures that the quill and hub work as a unit by rotatably interconnecting such members by means of screw threads at a point proximal the front face of the die. Accordingly, not only do the quill and hub move together as a unit by such connection, but heat passes directly therethrough and more quickly achieves the temperatures present in steady state operation. Furthermore, the effective length of the hub at which temperature growth of the hub can effect the adjustment means is materially shortened and thus such effect minimized.
Turning again to the drawing and particularly FIG. 4 thereof, it may be seen that outwardly directed threads 48 are provided radially about the hub 36 and are in turn adapted to mesh with similar threads 50 provided at inner peripheral portions of the quill 28. These cooperative screw threads 48, 50 span a relatively short longitudinal extent along the hub 36 and the extent of threads 50 are flanked at either side thereof by a recess 52 in order to permit the quill 28 to longitudinally travel with respect to the hub 36 upon its relative adjustment rotation therewith and are prevented from inward over travel by means of the relative distance between the outer face of the die 12 and the ring 20 which is less than the space between the inner surface of threads 50 and a shoulder 53 so that metal to metal contact between ring 20 and the die will occur prior to the threads contacting the shoulder 53 so as to prevent damage to the threads 50. Also one or more land areas 54 in direct contact with the hub 36 and supported thereby may be provided for stability and support. The remaining interior portions of the quill 28 are recessed as at 56 in order that frictional contact between the quill 28 and hub 36 is relatively low so that the force required to overcome such is also relatively low and that the movement of the quill 28 with respect to the hub 36 can be easily accomplished by the adjustment means 66.
The adjustment means 66 includes an adapter 58 supportedly received about a hub extension 60 of reduced diameter projecting outwardly of the quill 28 at that end thereof remote from the die face. The adapter is in turn attached as by means of bolts 62 to a hub 64 of an adjustment wheel 66. The forward end of the adapter 58 is provided with a sun gear 68 in turn contacting a plurality of planet gears 70. In addition, the remote end of the quill 28 is provided with a ring gear 72 about the inner periphery thereof. The ring gear is in turn adapted to mesh with the planet gears 70. A lock nut 74 serves to secure the adjustment wheel 66 to the hub extension 60 by abutting contact with the hub 64 thereof and also places a load on threads 50 to prevent any possible backlash from thread machining inaccuracies and the like. The planet gears 70 are aligned between the ring gear 72 and the sun gear 68 by means of longitudinally extending shafts 76 disposed at one end thereof into the hub 36 and at the other end thereof into a bearing ring 78 which abuts the terminal portion of the quill 28 in bearing contact.
An indicator ring 80 having delineated marking and lock ring 82 are also provided. The bearing ring further includes a pointing element 84 so that the relative rotation of the quill with respect to the hub 36 and consequently the amount of longitudinal travel of the knives 18 with respect to the die face 16 may be observed from reference to the marking on the indicator ring 80. The relative relationship of such rings is retained by means of a positioning pin 77 in a known manner. Additionally a belt drive 86 having upwardly extending timing gears 88 is connected to the knife carrier 22 by any suitable means such as the bolts 90 shown and serves by means of a timing belt (not shown) to rotate the knife carrier with respect to the quill 28.
Accordingly it should be clear that rotational movement of the crank 66 causes rotation of the sun gear 68 which in turn rotates the planet gears 70 and in turn the ring gear 72. Such action enables the same adjustment rotation as transmitted to the adjusting wheel 66 to be translated to the quill 28 and accordingly cause such to move longitudinally in and out with respect to the hub 36. Heat transmitted by the extrusion die is accordingly more equally and more quickly distributed to those moving parts of the device which may affect the adjustment between the knives 18 and the extrusion face 16. Additionally, the quill 28 and the hub 36 are positively connected by means of the cooperating screw threads 48, 50 at a location proximal to the major heat source and accordingly enables the expansion caused by heat transmitted thereto to occur in tandem and accordingly their joint effects upon the knife spacing nullified. Also most of the heat growth or expansion that does take place within the hub, occurs to the right that is outward of the threaded connection between the hub and quill and therefore doesn't effect the adjustment of the knives with respect to the die face. Such hub growth outward of the threaded connection is taken up by permitting relative longitudinal movement between the planet gear 70 and the ring gear 72. Thus the hub may freely move relative to the quill 28 during periods of temperature equalization as upon startup and shut down.
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