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Kitchen utensil - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Food utensil)
An exhibit of a batterie de cuisine, from the beginning of the 20th century, at the Musée Cernuschi in Paris.
A partially overlapping category of tools is that of eating utensils, which are tools used for eating (c.f. the more general category of tableware). Some utensils are both kitchen utensils and eating utensils. Cutlery (i.e. knives and other cutting implements) can be used for both food preparation in a kitchen and as eating utensils when dining. Other cutlery such as forks and spoons are both kitchen and eating utensils.
1.1 Copper
1.2 Iron
1.3 Earthenware and enamelware
1.4 Aluminium
2 Diversity and utility
2.2 19th century growth
2.3 "Labour-saving" utensils generating more labour
Benjamin Thompson noted at the start of the 18th century that kitchen utensils were commonly made of copper, with various efforts made to prevent the copper from reacting with food (particularly its acidic contents) at the temperatures used for cooking, including tinning, enamelling, and varnishing. He observed that iron had been used as a substitute, and that some utensils were made of earthenware.[1] By the turn of the 20th century, Maria Parloa noted that kitchen utensils were made of (tinned or enamelled) iron and steel, copper, nickel, silver, tin, clay, earthenware, and aluminium.[2] The latter, aluminium, became a popular material for kitchen utensils in the 20th century.[3]
Copper has good thermal conductivity and copper utensils are both durable and attractive in appearance. However, they are also comparatively heavier than utensils made of other materials, require scrupulous cleaning to remove poisonous tarnish compounds, and are not suitable for acidic foods.[4]
Iron is more prone to rusting than (tinned) copper. Cast iron kitchen utensils, in particular, are however less prone to rust if, instead of being scoured to a shine after use, they are simply washed with detergent and water and wiped clean with a cloth, allowing the utensil to form a coat of (already corroded iron and other) material that then acts to prevent further corrosion (a process known as seasoning). Furthermore, if an iron utensil is solely used for frying or cooking with fat or oil, corrosion can be reduced by never heating water with it, never using it to cook with water, and when washing it with water to dry it immediately afterwards, removing all water. Since oil and water are immiscible, since oils and fats are more covalent compounds, and since it is ionic compounds such as water that promote corrosion, eliminating as much contact with water reduces corrosion.[5] For some iron kitchen utensils, water is a particular problem, since it is very difficult to dry them fully. In particular, iron egg-beaters or ice cream freezers are tricky to dry, and the consequent rust if left wet will roughen them and possibly clog them completely. When storing iron utensils for long periods, van Rensselaer recommended coating them in non-salted (since salt is also an ionic compound) fat or paraffin.[6]
Iron utensils have little problem with high cooking temperatures, are simple to clean as they become smooth with long use, are durable and comparatively strong (i.e. not as prone to breaking as, say, earthenware), and hold heat well. However, as noted, they rust comparatively easily.[6]
Earthenware and enamelware[edit]
Earthenware utensils suffer from brittleness when subjected to rapid large changes in temperature, as commonly occur in cooking, and the glazing of earthenware often contains lead, which is poisonous. Thompson noted that as a consequence of this the use of such glazed earthenware was prohibited by law in some countries from use in cooking, or even from use for storing acidic foods.[7] Van Rensselaer proposed in 1919 that one test for lead content in earthenware was to let a beaten egg stand in the utensil for a few minutes and watch to see whether it became discoloured, which is a sign that lead might be present.[8]
In addition to their problems with thermal shock, enamelware utensils require careful handling, as careful as for glassware, because they are prone to chipping. But enamel utensils are not affected by acidic foods, are durable, and are easily cleaned. However, they cannot be used with strong alkalis.[8]
Earthenware, porcelain, and pottery utensils can be used for both cooking and serving food, and so thereby save on washing-up of two separate sets of utensils. They are durable, and (van Rensselaer notes) "excellent for slow, even cooking in even heat, such as slow baking". However, they are comparatively unsuitable for cooking using a direct heat, such as a cooking over a flame.[9]
James Frank Breazeale in 1918 opined that aluminium "is without doubt the best material for kitchen utensils", noting that it is "as far superior to enamelled ware as enamelled ware is to the old-time iron or tin". He qualified his recommendation for replacing worn out tin or enamelled utensils with aluminium ones by noting that "old-fashioned black iron frying pans and muffin rings, polished on the inside or worn smooth by long usage, are, however, superior to aluminium ones".[10]
Aluminium's advantages over other materials for kitchen utensils is its good thermal conductivity (which is approximately an order of magnitude greater than that of steel), the fact that it is largely non-reactive with foodstuffs at low and high temperatures, its low toxicity, and the fact that its corrosion products are white and so (unlike the dark corrosion products of, say, iron) do not discolour food that they happen to be mixed into during cooking.[3] However, its disadvantages are that it is easily discoloured, can be dissolved by acidic foods (to a comparatively small extent), and reacts to alkaline soaps if they are used for cleaning a utensil.[11]
An exhibit of Israeli Defence Forces kitchen utensils at the Batey ha-Osef Museum in Tel Av

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text: Shah Rukh Khan's daughter Suhana Khan is currently celebrating her final year in college. She will be graduating from Ardingly college in Sussex, London this year and mom Gauri Khan took some out from her busy schedule and recently flew off to the country to be a part of her daughter's celebration. And together, the mother-daughter duo have set the internet on fire with their sizzling pictures which have now gone viral....

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Temperature sensing RGB LED nightlight, that looks like a mushroom growing out of a piece of wood : arduino
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Temperature sensing RGB LED nightlight, that looks like a mushroom growing out of a piece of wood (psychicorigami.com)
submitted 5 years ago by lilspikey
[–]lilspikey[S] 1 point2 points3 points 5 years ago (3 children)
Took quite a while to finish (over a year) in the end. Had started using PICAxe chips, then shelved project before starting again using an Arduino Pro Mini.
[–]jetpacktuxedo 1 point2 points3 points 5 years ago (2 children)
It looks pretty cool. I actually just ordered a temperature/humidity sensor last week, and I have a strand of RGB LEDs. I was thinking about doing something similar.
[–]lilspikey[S] 1 point2 points3 points 5 years ago (1 child)
Make sure you give the sensor plenty of breathing room. Mine works ok initially, but slightly warms up over time - should have put it further from rest of circuitry and put more space around it. I can live with that behaviour though, as I normally only want to know the temperature when I turn on the nightlight.
I would actually really like to get the cables long enough to have the sensor outside and the arduino/LEDs inside so that I can see the outside temp.
π Rendered by PID 82890 on app-770 at 2018-01-16 17:56:58.381436+00:00 running 1d1d5ed country code: US.

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Marilyn & Main Chenille Tassel Chunky Knit Infinity Scarf (Navy) at Amazon Women’s Clothing store:
Marilyn & Main Chenille Tassel Chunky Knit Cowl Infinity Scarf
$14.99 $12.99 $15.38 In Stock.
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Women's BEST SELLING Soft to the Touch, Warm Knit Infinity Scarf. Tassel Fringe Edges. Can be Worn as Infinity or Shawl. 28" x 14". 100% Acrylic. Imported.
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10.5 x 6.4 x 2.8 inches; 5.6 ounces
Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #34,144 in Clothing (See Top 100 in Clothing) Average Customer Review:
on February 10, 2015Color Name: Mustard
This scarf is a must have. It is extremely soft and very light. It is big enough that it covers my entire neck front and back. It is very pretty with the tassel design. The only reason I didnt give 5 stars is because the photo makes it appear as a bright yellow but it is definitely a mustard color. It is still a very nice color and provides a nice pop of color to any outfit. I just thought it would be a more brighter yellow. Overall, I love it and would buy from this seller again. I wish they had more colors.
on November 30, 2014Color Name: Dark Grey
on November 26, 2014Color Name: Mocha
on December 10, 2014Color Name: Navy

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Amazon.co.uk:Customer Reviews: Speedo Women's Essential Endurance+ Medalist Swimsuit - Black, 34"
Amazon.co.uk Today's Deals Warehouse Deals Outlet Subscribe & Save Vouchers Amazon Family Amazon Prime Amazon Video Amazon Student Mobile Apps Amazon Pickup Locations Amazon Assistant Made in Italy Speedo Women's Essential Endurance+ Medalist Swimsuit - Black, 34"
Customer Reviews4.2 out of 5 stars3514.2 out of 5 stars5 star2114 star673 star362 star151 star22Speedo Women's Essential Endurance+ Medalist Swimsuit - Black, 34"bySpeedoSize: 34 inch|Colour: Black|ChangePrice:£11.99+ Free shipping with Amazon PrimeYour rating(Clear)Rate this itemYour rating
Top positive reviewSee all 278 positive reviews› 58 people found this helpful5.0 out of 5 starsGreat swimsuit for a reasonable priceByEllyBlueon 14 March 2014I'd looked at swimsuits in the shops because my old one had gone rotten, but I was not prepared to pay the silly prices some retailers wanted, and in the budget shops, the quality didn't seem to be great. I should just have stayed at home and looked on Amazon. This Speedo costume is excellent for me to plough up and down my local pool doing lengths, and it is claimed that the Endurance fabric is designed to prevent it going rotten so quickly. I will report back after a few months - but so far so good! I like the style of the swimsuit with the cross over back which means i'm not worrying about the shoulder straps slipping down, and the leg cut is just right, and not too high. The only thing that troubled me before buying online was uncertainty about sizes. I bought size 36 inch chest (I actually measure 35) and I'm a 10-12 in tops and trousers, and only 5 foot 2 inches tall. The fit for me is good, although I suspect if you are taller, you may find this swimsuit is cut a little short in the body. I would probably recommend going up a size if you are of average or above height. If you go to the Speedo website, there is a size chart there to help you decide.Am definitely pleased that I ordered this.UPDATE After a year of use swimming three times a week, I am pleased to report that this swimsuit is still going strong. I am about to order another colour for a bit of variety, but this one has lasted pretty well.
Top critical reviewSee all 73 critical reviews› 5 people found this helpful2.0 out of 5 starsShort in bodyBywendy goodwinon 22 June 2013I found this had no bust support and was very short in the body also has no lining over bust area
All reviewersVerified purchase onlyAll reviewersAll stars5 star only4 star only3 star only2 star only1 star onlyAll positiveAll criticalAll starsAll formatsSize: 34 inch | Colour: BlackAll formatsSearchThere was a problem filtering reviews right now. Please try again later.5.0 out of 5 starsGreat swimsuit for a reasonable priceByEllyBlueTOP 500 REVIEWERVINE VOICEon 14 March 2014Size: 36 inch|Colour: Navy|Verified PurchaseI'd looked at swimsuits in the shops because my old one had gone rotten, but I was not prepared to pay the silly prices some retailers wanted, and in the budget shops, the quality didn't seem to be great. I should just have stayed at home and looked on Amazon. This Speedo costume is excellent for me to plough up and down my local pool doing lengths, and it is claimed that the Endurance fabric is designed to prevent it going rotten so quickly. I will report back after a few months - but so far so good! I like the style of the swimsuit with the cross over back which means i'm not worrying about the shoulder straps slipping down, and the leg cut is just right, and not too high. The only thing that troubled me before buying online was uncertainty about sizes. I bought size 36 inch chest (I actually measure 35) and I'm a 10-12 in tops and trousers, and only 5 foot 2 inches tall. The fit for me is good, although I suspect if you are taller, you may find this swimsuit is cut a little short in the body. I would probably recommend going up a size if you are of average or above height. If you go to the Speedo website, there is a size chart there to help you decide.Am definitely pleased that I ordered this.UPDATE After a year of use swimming three times a week, I am pleased to report that this swimsuit is still going strong. I am about to order another colour for a bit of variety, but this one has lasted pretty well.11 comment|58 people found this helpful. Was this review helpful to you?YesNoReport abusePlease write at least one wordYou must purchase at least one item from Amazon to post a commentA problem occurred while submitting your comment. Please try again later.Sign in and comment
There was a problem loading the comments at the moment. Please try again later.5.0 out of 5 starsSwimming costumeByKate Bon 8 September 2010Size: 38 inch|Colour: BlackBrilliant, trying to find a proper swimming costume was turning into a nightmare for me. Then I found this, good price, exactly what i was looking for and arrived quickly. Thanks.0Comment|22 people found this helpful. Was this review helpful to you?YesNoReport abusePlease write at least one wordYou must purchase at least one item from Amazon to post a commentA problem occurred while submitting your comment. Please try again later.Sign in and comment
There was a problem loading the comments at the moment. Please try again later.5.0 out of 5 starsexcellent value for moneyByponcallon 29 August 2013Size: 36 inch|Colour: USA Red|Verified PurchaseI bought this swimsuit because I have one in black and I am fed up of wearing it (it just won't wear out out!)I have had the black one for over 5 years, so I hope this one lasts as long.I swim every week, so it gets plenty of wear. This one is a nice fit,has a double layer at the front and is a lovely bright red colour. I would recommend this swimsuit as it is chlorine resistant so won't go baggy. I ordered a 36" and I am a size 12-14 and it fit perfectly.33 comments|35 people found this helpful. Was this review helpful to you?YesNoReport abusePlease write at least one wordYou must purchase at least one item from Amazon to post a commentA problem occurred while submitting your comment. Please try again later.Sign in and comment
There was a problem loading the comments at the moment. Please try again later.5.0 out of 5 starsSpeedo SwimsuitBysusan denise crosbyon 13 August 2013Size: 40 inch|Colour: Black|Verified PurchaseA favourite of mine for many years. You feel completely free of costume when in the water and allows for super arm movements both front and back-stroke.0Comment|6 people found this helpful. Was this review helpful to you?YesNoReport abusePlease write at least one wordYou must purchase at least one item from Amazon to post a commentA problem occurred while submitting your comment. Please try again later.Sign in and comment
There was a problem loading the comments at the moment. Please try again later.4.0 out of 5 starsGood purchaseByCazzy Jon 19 April 2013Size: 36 inch|Colour: Black|Verified PurchaseWell made swimming costume. Went for a 34" to start with but was a little short in the body (i'm 5'6") but the next size up is a good fit. Its well made, dries quickly, which is useful and is comfortable when in use.0Comment|5 people found this helpful. Was this review helpful to you?YesNoReport abusePlease write at least one wordYou must purchase at least one item from Amazon to post a commentA problem occurred while submitting your comment. Please try again later.Sign in and comment
There was a problem loading the comments at the moment. Please try again later.5.0 out of 5 starsExcellent swimsuitByINon 16 August 2010Size: 36 inch|Colour: BlackThis is an excellent swimsuit at a great price. Fast efficient service from supplier at a good price.0Comment|6 people found this helpful. Was this review helpful to you?YesNoReport abusePlease write at least one wordYou must purchase at least one item from Amazon to post a commentA problem occurred while submitting your comment. Please try again later.Sign in and comment
There was a problem loading the comments at the moment. Please try again later.5.0 out of 5 starsgreat swimsuitByLeanne Wilsonon 3 December 2010Size: 36 inch|Colour: BlackThe swimsuit fits well and I felt confident wearing it. I swim several times a week and the suit is keeping up with me!0Comment|5 people found this helpful. Was this review helpful to you?YesNoReport abusePlease write at least one wordYou must purchase at least one item from Amazon to post a commentA problem occurred while submitting your comment. Please try again later.Sign in and comment
There was a problem loading the comments at the moment. Please try again later.2.0 out of 5 starsShort in bodyBywendy goodwinon 22 June 2013Size: 42 inch|Colour: Navy|Verified PurchaseI found this had no bust support and was very short in the body also has no lining over bust area0Comment|5 people found this helpful. Was this review helpful to you?YesNoReport abusePlease write at least one wordYou must purchase at least one item from Amazon to post a commentA problem occurred while submitting your comment. Please try again later.Sign in and comment
There was a problem loading the comments at the moment. Please try again later.5.0 out of 5 starsGreat basic swimsuit for regular swimmers.ByJo Fordon 1 March 2015Had this costume for a few months now. Wanted a basic swimsuit for regular swimming that looks good and lasts. Great colour and nice fit. The material is light, has lots of stretch and is not sheeny like many costumes. Seems to hold up to the chlorine well. My only criticism is that as the thickness of the material is quite light and as there is no lining around the chest which compromises modesty a little. However, this hasn't been enough to deter me; I love the feel of the material and I'm intending to buy a further one in a different shade. All in all a great buy.0Comment|2 people found this helpful. Was this review helpful to you?YesNoReport abusePlease write at least one wordYou must purchase at least one item from Amazon to post a commentA problem occurred while submitting your comment. Please try again later.Sign in and comment
There was a problem loading the comments at the moment. Please try again later.5.0 out of 5 starsSpeedo Swim WearByMs J. Mayon 21 May 2009Size: 40 inch|Colour: BlackGreat to wear ans swim with. Feels good on the skin and washes well. Great quality.0Comment|8 people found this helpful. Was this review helpful to you?YesNoReport abusePlease write at least one wordYou must purchase at least one item from Amazon to post a commentA problem occurred while submitting your comment. Please try again later.Sign in and comment
Customers also viewed these itemsZoggs Cottesloe Womens PowerbackbyZoggs£12.00-£20.994.4 out of 5 stars139Speedo Women's Sports Logo Medalist SwimsuitbySpeedo£17.90-£32.944.4 out of 5 stars9Speedo Women's Monogram Muscleback SwimsuitbySpeedo£9.99-£39.794.4 out of 5 stars102Speedo Women's Sports Logo Medalist SwimsuitbySpeedo£15.00-£37.324.2 out of 5 stars23Send us feedbackHow can we make Amazon Customer Reviews better for you?Let us know here.‹ See all details for Speedo Women's Essential Endurance+ Medalist Swimsuit - Black, 34"


text:
Human development and learning [by] Lester D. Crow and Alice Crow. (Book, 1956) [WorldCat.org]
I thought you might be interested in this item at http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1036353 Title: Human development and learning [by] Lester D. Crow and Alice Crow. Author: Lester D Crow; Alice Crow Publisher: New York, American Book Co. [©1956] ISBN/ISSN: 0882752529 9780882752525 OCLC:1036353
Human development and learning [by] Lester D. Crow and Alice Crow.
Lester D Crow; Alice Crow
New York, American Book Co. [©1956]
Crow, Lester Donald, 1897-
Human development and learning.
New York, American Book Co. [1956]
(OCoLC)623496252
Find more information about: Lester D Crow Alice Crow
0882752529 9780882752525
Add tags for "Human development and learning [by] Lester D. Crow and Alice Crow.". Be the first.
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Rock Revolution Jeans | eBay
Rock Revolution Jeans
Rock Revolution studded crop capri jeans Size 28
User ID masterworld.acercatepueblo (Feedback score 2762)
Rock Revolution Womens BOOT Cut Blue Jeans Size 9 stitched pockets embellished
Bottom of leg hem when laid flat is 9 " on one side (boot cut?. slight flare?). faint red stain on left front pocket. overall soft, faded, good looking jeans with much wear left. waist when laid flat ...
ROCK REVOLUTION Womens jeans Juniors sz 9 Wide Leg Flare handcrafted denim low R
Great pair of jeans, don't miss out!
NWT Womens ROCK REVOLUTION stretch jeggings jeans, 28
Blue color, stretch. 9" rise. 5" leg opening across. 14" waist across.
Women's ROCK REVOLUTION, Size 5, Hippie Style, Flared Jeans, Stretchy Material
MATERIALS: 76% Cotton, 23% Polyester, 1% Spandex. CONDITION: These Jeans are in Great Condition. PATTERN AND COLOR: (Color May Vary in Photos) Dark Blue. SIZE: 5.
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Stretch denim blue jeans. Rock Revolution. Rise ~8.5. across ankle opening ~ 11.75.
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text:
Nicobar bulbul - Wikipedia
(Redirected from Nicobar Bulbul)
"Hypsipetes virescens" redirects here. This may also (erroneously) refer to the Sunda bulbul (Ixos virescens); see below for details.
I. virescens (but see text)
Hypsipetes nicobariensis Moore, 1854 (but see text)
Ixocincla virescens Blyth, 1845
Found only on the Nicobar Islands of India, the Nicobar bulbul is a songbird species in the bulbul family (Pycnonotidae). Its scientific name is Ixos virescens as long as Ixos is recognized as a distinct genus.[1]
Some sources merge Ixos into Hypsipetes, probably based on the major taxonomic error committed in the Sibley taxonomy, where I. virescens – the type species of Ixos – was placed in Hypsipetes. In these works, H. virescens refers to the Sunda bulbul (properly I. virescens), whose senior homonym was already established by Coenraad Jacob Temminck in 1825, whereas Edward Blyth gave the specific name virescens to the Nicobar bulbul only in 1845. Thus, the Nicobar bulbul is often known under the junior synonym Hypsipetes nicobariensis, although this name is not legitimate: it would properly be Ixos nicobariensis if the genera are merged, because Hypsipetes was established after Ixos.[2]
2 Distribution, ecology and status
2.1 Factors affecting decline
This 20 cm-long bulbul is a rather drab, nondescript species without a crest. Its wings, back and tail are dull dusky green; the face is lighter, and the throat and underside are yellowish-white. The most prominent feature is a sooty-brown cap reaching down to eye height.[3]
It produces chattering calls, similar to those of the black bulbul (H. leucocephalus).[3]
It is endemic to the Nicobar Islands of India, where it only occurs in the central group, namely Bompoka, Camorta, Katchall, Nancowry, Teressa, Tillanchong and Trinkat; a supposed 19th century record from Pilo Milo in the southern group is nowadays generally dismissed.[4]
Its natural habitats are subtropical and tropical moist lowland primary and secondary forest. It also visits plantations, rural gardens, and occasionally urban areas and grassland. Restricted to a few islands, it is threatened with extinction in the long-term future. In the early 1990s already, though the species was still found on every major island in its range, only single birds or families were usually seen except on Katchall and Teressa. Only in some places on the former it was still as common then as it used to be 100 years ago. At present, it manages to hold its own, but only barely, and habitat loss may have been severe enough to accelerate its decline to dangerous proportions. With altogether a few thousand adult birds remaining, it is classified as Near Threatened by the IUCN.[3]
Factors affecting decline[edit]
Several factors have contributed to this species' decline. For one thing, habitat destruction such as logging for rubber plantations has encroached upon the native forest, and while more sustainable forest uses by humans are tolerated well enough, monocultures are of little use to this island endemic and are utilized only infrequently. An increasing human population has resulted in much clear-cutting in the mid-late 20th century, and expansion of military installations in these frontier islands has also resulted in considerable habitat destruction.[4]
Also, the Andaman red-whiskered bulbul (Pycnonotus jocosus whistleri) was introduced to Camorta by the British; it was later brought to other islands in the Nancowry group by locals, who, like many people elsewhere, consider the red-whiskered bulbul a popular pet. The two bulbuls presumably compete for food, nesting locations and other resources, and if the human-assisted P. j. whistleri is not actually displacing H. virescens, being well-established on Katchall, Nancowry, Teressa and Trinkat it is certainly keeping the Nicobar bulbul's population lower than it could be. On the other hand, there is no reason to suppose that the native species is an inferior competitor; rather the two bulbuls' populations soon seem to reach an equilibrium: on Katchall the red-whiskered bulbul was established in the 1910s or so already, and this has not prevented healthy Nicobar bulbul stocks from persisting on that island to our time.[4]
The Nicobar Islands were hit hard by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, and the central group was perhaps most severely affected, with at least hundreds, maybe thousands of its inhabitants dead. On Katchall there was perhaps the highest loss of life in the entire Nicobars, but this was to catastrophic destruction of settled areas and much of the island's interior forest was not affected. Trinkat was literally torn into three pieces, while on Camorta flooding was extreme in the northern part only. Nancowry on the other hand suffered rather little damage overall. On Teressa, the low-lying plains suffered extensive flooding, bisecting the island in fact, but the remaining forest fragments are mostly confined to the hills and were spared. Bompoka and Tillanchong, though small, are quite steep and consequently were not much affected. Though the effect of the Nicobar bulbul's population on Trinkat for example might have been devastating, the tsunami is not known to have significantly harmed the overall stocks of the species.[5]
^ a b c BLI (2009)
^ a b c Sankaran (1998), BLI (2008, 2009)
^ Isles (2005), BLI (2009), NRSC (2009)
BirdLife International (2008). "Hypsipetes nicobariensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 6 June 2009. BirdLife International (BLI) (2009): Nicobar Bulbul Species Factsheet. Retrieved 2009-JUN-06.
Isles (2005): Satellite pictures of Tsunami 2004 from India's satellites. Version of 2005-SEP-04. Retrieved 2009-JUN-06.
National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC) (2009): Tsunami case Studies: Nadaman/Nicobar Islands. Version of January 2009. Retrieved 2009-JUN-06.
Sankaran, R. (1998): An annotated list of the endemic avifauna of the Nicobar islands. Forktail 13: 17-22. PDF fulltext
Image andaman bird watching at andamanbirdwatching.com
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nicobar_bulbul&oldid=748805264"	Categories: IUCN Red List near threatened speciesIxosBulbulsBirds of the Nicobar IslandsBirds described in 1845Hidden categories: Articles with 'species' microformats	Navigation menu
CebuanoCymraegEspañolEuskaraMagyarNederlandsPortuguêsSuomiSvenskaTiếng ViệtWinaray	Edit links	This page was last edited on 10 November 2016, at 14:04.


text: Patent US6222761 - Method for minimizing program disturb in a memory cell - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA method of applying voltages to a memory cell, such as a P-channel EEPROM cell, and in particular to applying voltages to the cell during an erase operation of the cell is described. The method recognizes that during an erase, memory cells sharing deselected word lines are susceptible to a type of program...http://www.google.com/patents/US6222761?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6222761 - Method for minimizing program disturb in a memory cellAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS6222761 B1Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 09/617,281Publication dateApr 24, 2001Filing dateJul 17, 2000Priority dateJul 17, 2000Fee statusPaidAlso published asUS20020006059Publication number09617281, 617281, US 6222761 B1, US 6222761B1, US-B1-6222761, US6222761 B1, US6222761B1InventorsDonald S. Gerber, Kent Hewitt, Jeffrey A. ShieldsOriginal AssigneeMicrochip Technology IncorporatedExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (6), Referenced by (12), Classifications (8), Legal Events (5) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetMethod for minimizing program disturb in a memory cellUS 6222761 B1Abstract A method of applying voltages to a memory cell, such as a P-channel EEPROM cell, and in particular to applying voltages to the cell during an erase operation of the cell is described. The method recognizes that during an erase, memory cells sharing deselected word lines are susceptible to a type of program disturb which is subtle and gradually causes corruption and loss of data over many programming cycles. The method of the present invention applies a voltage to deselected word lines, which is lower in magnitude than a programming voltage. This reduces the rate at which program disturb occurs, markedly increasing the number of programming cycles to which the deselected cells may be subjected before becoming susceptible to loss of data. The endurance of the memory array is thus significantly extended.

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Ruder Michael in Redwood City, California with Reviews & Ratings - YP.comFind People•Advertise With UsBrowseFind PeopleFeatured CollectionsRestaurantsAutomotiveHome ImprovementHealth & WellnessAttorneysPeople Searched For...PlumbersRoofing ContractorsElectriciansMobile Home ParksEmployment AgenciesTree ServiceSelf Storage24 Hour LaundromatsLimousine ServicePsychologistsChinese RestaurantsRv ParksProcess ServersAutomobile SalvageMotelsCollection AgenciesWater HeatersAttorneysEscort ServiceLighting FixturesJewelersBail BondsVeterinariansAre you alocal business owner?Advertise with YPor call 888-367-2194What do you want to find?Search by business name, or keywordnearWhere? Address, ZIP Code, or NeighborhoodMy current locationSearchSign In•JoinHomeRedwood City, CARuder MichaelRedwood City Ruder MichaelSort:DefaultDefaultDistanceRatingName (A - Z)FiltersFiltersMore NeighborhoodsAlum RockBushrodCambrianCarltonCentral OaklandCentral San JoseDowntown LafayetteDowntown San Francisco-Union SquareDowntown San LeandroDowntown San MateoEdenvaleEl Camino Real Gateway CorridorFruitdaleGrant-Sylvan ParkHighland ParkLaurel Heights-Jordan ParkLower Pacific HeightsNorth Burlingame-Rollins RoadNorth OaklandNortheast San FranciscoNorthwest San FranciscoPacific HeightsParnassus HeightsPill HillRedwood VillageSouth of MarketSoutheast San FranciscoSouthgateSouthwest San FranciscoWest Los GatosDoneClear AllMore CategoriesLaser Vision CorrectionMental Health ServicesPhysical TherapistsPhysicians & SurgeonsPhysicians & Surgeons, Allergy & ImmunologyPhysicians & Surgeons, AnesthesiologyPhysicians & Surgeons, CardiologyPhysicians & Surgeons, Cosmetic SurgeryPhysicians & Surgeons, DermatologyPhysicians & Surgeons, Emergency MedicinePhysicians & Surgeons, Endocrinology, Diabetes & MetabolismPhysicians & Surgeons, Family Medicine & General PracticePhysicians & Surgeons, Gastroenterology (Stomach & Intestines)Physicians & Surgeons, GynecologyPhysicians & Surgeons, Internal MedicinePhysicians & Surgeons, NeurologyPhysicians & Surgeons, Obstetrics And GynecologyPhysicians & Surgeons, OncologyPhysicians & Surgeons, OphthalmologyPhysicians & Surgeons, OrthopedicsPhysicians & Surgeons, PediatricsPhysicians & Surgeons, Plastic & ReconstructivePhysicians & Surgeons, PsychiatryPhysicians & Surgeons, Public HealthPhysicians & Surgeons, RadiologyPhysicians & Surgeons, Rheumatology (Arthritis)Physicians & Surgeons, Sports MedicinePhysicians & Surgeons, Surgery-GeneralSkin CareSports Medicine & Injuries TreatmentDoneClear AllCategoryPhysicians & SurgeonsPhysicians & Surgeons, Surgery-GeneralPhysicians & Surgeons, Family Medicine & General PracticeMore »FeaturesCouponsBook a TableMake an AppointmentBBB Rated A+/ANeighborhoodsNorthwest San FranciscoSouthwest San FranciscoParnassus HeightsMore »Sponsored LinksAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your health collection!Error when adding to health collectionThis business was removed from the health collection1. Ruder, Michael A, MD2900 Whipple Ave # 205Redwood City, CA 94062(650) 363-5262Physicians & SurgeonsWebsiteAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your health collection!Error when adding to health collectionThis business was removed from the health collection2. Ruder, Michael A, MD1950 University AveEast Palo Alto, CA 94303(650) 617-8100Physicians & SurgeonsAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your health collection!Error when adding to health collectionThis business was removed from the health collection3. Michael Papalian, MDServices2055 Woodside Rd, # 150Redwood City, CA 94061(650) 364-6060Physicians & SurgeonsSkin CareWebsiteAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your health collection!Error when adding to health collectionThis business was removed from the health collection4. 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Oholleran, Michael S: Michael S Oholleran290 Redwood Shores PkwyRedwood City, CA 94065(650) 853-2135Physicians & SurgeonsWebsiteAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your health collection!Error when adding to health collectionThis business was removed from the health collection18. George Michael Savage2600 Bridge Pkwy Proteus DiRedwood City, CA 94065(650) 637-6103Physicians & Surgeons, Surgery-GeneralAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your health collection!Error when adding to health collectionThis business was removed from the health collection19. Haberecht Michael MDRedwood City, CA 94061(650) 562-3612Physicians & SurgeonsAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your health collection!Error when adding to health collectionThis business was removed from the health collection20. Wall, Michael S, MD500 Arguello St # 100Redwood City, CA 94063(650) 851-4900Physicians & SurgeonsAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your health collection!Error when adding to health collectionThis business was removed from the health collection21. Dr. Michael Brugos & Dr. Joseph Krauss3351 El Camino Real Ste 235Atherton, CA 94027(650) 365-1533Physicians & SurgeonsOrthodontistsWebsiteAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your health collection!Error when adding to health collectionThis business was removed from the health collection22. Purkey, Michael T3351 El Camino Real # 200Atherton, CA 94027(916) 736-3408Physicians & SurgeonsAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your health collection!Error when adding to health collectionThis business was removed from the health collection23. Schneider, Michael B1225 Crane St # 205Menlo Park, CA 94025(650) 323-3001Physicians & SurgeonsWebsiteAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your health collection!Error when adding to health collectionThis business was removed from the health collection24. Patton Michael J MD825 Oak Grove Ave Ste 207Menlo Park, CA 94025(650) 323-9171Physicians & SurgeonsAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your health collection!Error when adding to health collectionThis business was removed from the health collection25. Cochran, Michael, MD885 Oak Grove AveMenlo Park, CA 94025(650) 941-6555Physicians & SurgeonsAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your health collection!Error when adding to health collectionThis business was removed from the health collection26. Wick, Michael M, MD2995 Woodside RdWoodside, CA 94062(650) 575-1479Physicians & SurgeonsAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your health collection!Error when adding to health collectionThis business was removed from the health collection27. Jacobs, Michael B, MD401 Burgess Dr # BMenlo Park, CA 94025(650) 325-9906Physicians & SurgeonsAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your health collection!Error when adding to health collectionThis business was removed from the health collection28. Michael A Maddalena MD655 Skyway Rd Ste 108San Carlos, CA 94070(650) 593-4330Physicians & SurgeonsWebsiteAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your health collection!Error when adding to health collectionThis business was removed from the health collection29. Maddalena, Michael A, MD655 Skyway Rd Ste 108San Carlos, CA 94070(650) 593-4330Physicians & SurgeonsWebsiteAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your health collection!Error when adding to health collectionThis business was removed from the health collection30. Taymor MichaelServices(1)145 N California Ave Ste 1Palo Alto, CA 94301(650) 321-7722Physicians & SurgeonsWebsiteThis guy is great with kids. They don't get scared when he(not a nurse) gives them shots. He always acts like we are deciding what to do together, n…Sponsored LinksShowing1-30
of 406results12345NextAdd a New CollectionOops! There was a problem saving the new custom collection.Please try again.Collection Name cannot be emptyUpload a Photo(optional)Remaining Characters: 100Remaining Characters: 500CancelSaveMap ViewFeatured Physicians & Surgeonsin Redwood City, CaliforniaWoods R Eugene Md2875 Middlefield Rd, Palo Alto, CA 94306(650) 328-4668Specializing in Psychiatry & PsychoanalysisDirectionsMore InfoBrauer Alan MD630 University Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94301(650) 329-8001Advanced Intergrative Psychiatry Medication & Natural AlternativesDirectionsMore InfoLiu, Susie M MD900 Welch Rd, Palo Alto, CA 94304(650) 324-8878Contact Us For InformationDirectionsMore InfoWashington Township Med Group1900 Mowry Ave, Fremont, CA 94538(510) 792-1977WebsiteDirectionsMore InfoPeninsula Diagnostic Imaging101 S San Mateo Dr, San Mateo, CA 94401(650) 343-1655Full-Field Digital Mammography Specialized In Women's Imaging Accredited By American Board Of RadiologyWebsiteDirectionsMore InfoBermudez Kenneth M MD-Cosmetic Surgery525 Spruce St, San Francisco, CA 94118(415) 463-4377WebsiteDirectionsMore InfoGregory Manteuffel MD2645 Ocean Ave, San Francisco, CA 94132(415) 841-1040Contact Us for InformationDirectionsMore InfoPulmonary Associates1720 El Camino Real, Burlingame, CA 94010(650) 697-5367Contact Us for InformationWebsiteDirectionsMore InfoAllergy Medical Group935 Reserve Dr, Roseville, CA 95678(916) 782-7758Top 1% in the Country - Solid Soutions and Lasting ReliefWebsiteDirectionsMore InfoDr. Peter J. PanagotacosSan Francisco, CA 94105(415) 326-7629A Personalized Approach By World-Renowned M.D.sWebsiteMore InfoUCSF Medical Center & UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital(1)Serving the Redwood City area.(888) 689-8273WebsiteMore InfoLaser Spine Institute(23)Serving the Redwood City area.(866) 382-7494WebsiteLocal ListingsVideoMore InfoDell'Oca Rosa L MS MDServing the Redwood City area.(650) 468-0840Contact Us For InformationMore InfoDidn't find what you were looking for?magnifying glassPlease help others by helping us do better.Suggest a BusinessAboutAbout UsSite FeedbackContact UsAdvertise with UsCareers - We're HiringCorporate BlogEngineering BlogLegal

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text:
Anthony Weiner the comeback kid makes TV cameo in web series Alpha House alongside Bill Murray and John Goodman
Zach, Bradford
09/1/2014 11:34
45513603
Weiner lol what a name

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text:
Back to galleryPhoto 180 of 243Previous | Next
Loading...Oklahoma City, OK- MAY 31: Tim Duncan #21 and Tony Parker #9 of the San Antonio Spurs looks on from the bench against the Oklahoma City Thunder in Game Three of the Western Conference Finals of the 2012 NBA Playoffs at Chesapeake Energy Arena on May 31, 2012 in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. NOTE TO USER: User expressly acknowledges and agrees that, by downloading and or using this photograph, User is consenting to the terms and conditions of the Getty Images License Agreement. Mandatory Copyright Notice: Copyright 2012 NBAE (Photo by Andrew D. Bernstein/NBAE via Getty Images)Back to galleryPhoto 180 of 243Previous | Next

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text:
BBB Business Profile | Your Neighborhood Computer Man
> Your Neighborhood Computer Man
Your Neighborhood Computer Man
4938 Casa Del Oso NE Albuquerque, NM 87111
BBB File Opened: 7/26/2010
Mr. Lee Geer, Owner
Customer: Mr. Lee Geer, Owner
Computer repair & service of other electronics

value: This website is a private, nonprofit organization whose self-described mission is to focus on advancing marketplace trust, consisting of 106 independently incorporated local BBB organizations in the United States and Canada, coordinated under the International Association of Better Business Bureaus  in Arlington, Virginia.The Better Business Bureau is not affiliated with any governmental agency. Businesses that affiliate with the BBB and adhere to its standards do so through industry self-regulation.


text:
Rain Drum - Traditional - Side Tables And End Tables - by Horchow
ashubbell added this to ashubbell's ideasFebruary 7, 2014like frog drum	Rain Drum
Exclusively ours. Used in festivals and ceremonies for thousands of years, the Southeast Asian rain drum is named for the unique sounds it makes when struck. Our intricately detailed reproduction makes a unique side table, or just enjoy it as decorati...	Product Specifications
Traditional Related Searches:Lawton Drum Table · Heritage Drum Table · Distressed Drum Table · Asian Traditional Tables · Drum Table Butler · Butler Drum Table	People who liked this product also liked

value: This website is an American website, online community and software for architecture; interior design and decorating; landscape design and home improvement. It was founded in 2009 and is based in Palo Alto, California.


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Properties For Sale in Ty'N-Gwndwn - Flats & Houses For Sale in Ty'N-Gwndwn - Rightmove
Properties For Sale in Ty'N-Gwndwn, Tregaron, Dyfed, Ceredigion, Mid Wales Sort:
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*** BEAUTIFUL TWO BEDROOM HOME IN PICTURESQUE LOCATION OF SIR CEREDIGION!*** Harper Brooks are proud to present to the market this two bedroom rural cottage in a tranquil town of Sir Ceredigion. Previously a farm outhouse, this property has been converted to a high standard ...
A FIVE BEDROOM FARMHOUSE WITH HEATED SWIMMING POOL, EXTENSIVE OUTBUILDINGS, STABLING, INDOOR RIDING ARENA ARRANGED AROUND A FLOODLIT YARD SET IN APPROX. 15 ACRES OF NEWLY FENCED PADDOCKS, DIRECT ACCESS TO AMAZING OUTRIDING ON THE CAMBRIAN MOUNTAINS
by Rural Scene , Wiltshire Added on 13/09/2016
Handsome Grade II Listed Country House. Substantial living accommodation. Over 3 floors & cellar. 2 reception rooms. 5 bedrooms (1 en suite). Delightful attached studio/office & gallery. Courtyard with outbuildings. Potential for conversion (STP). Idyllic landscaped gardens & ponds. P...
Brynglas, Llangeitho, Tregaron, Ceredigion
Beautifully situated 47.74 acre Small Farm/residential holding in the upper Aeron Valley just over a mile from the Village of Llangeitho *** Offering a delightful lifestyle opportunity for those seeking the rural idyll *** The farm comprises a very comfortably appointed 4 bedroomed...
Llangeitho, Ceredigion, SY25 from station
A Charming 12 Acre Smallholding commanding uninterrupted views of the Aeron Valley. Spacious 4 Bedroomed Traditional Farmhouse centrally heated with two receptions, including Feature Living room with inglenook fireplace, beamed ceiling with corner antique Oak Welsh Dresser 300 years old (thought ...
A FOUR BEDROOM FORMER FARMHOUSE WITH AN ADJOINING THREE BEDROOM BARN CONVERSION, STABLES, MANEGE AND STORES SET IN APPROX. 4.25 ACRES OF UNDULATING PADDOCKS WITH VIRTUALLY DIRECT ACCESS TO EXTENSIVE OUTRIDING
by Rural Scene , Wiltshire Added on 10/06/2016
Coming onto the market to be sold for the first time in 30 years is this substantial Welsh Long-House which dates back to the late 1600's. Occupying an elevated position in the foothills of the Cambrian Mountains and half a mile outside of the village of LLanddewi Brefi with stunning views and a...
£398,500 3 bedroom cottage for sale
*** A Diversely Appealing Property Set In 21.35 Acres *** *** Characterful Detached 3 Bedroomed Farmhouse With Orangery To Side *** *** Comprehensive Range Of Outbuildings Including Purpose Cavity Block Built Workshops Suitable For Conversion (S.T.C.) *** *** Modern Outbuildings/Lives...
£299,950 4 bedroom smallholding for sale
Maesteg, Blaenpennal, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 from station
Beautifully situated 6.7 acres smallholding, (Further land available by separate negotiation), providing a detached 4 bedroom farmhouse together with an adaptable range of outbuildings, suitable for stabling, workshop, etc, within a convenient location. Approx 10 miles from Aberystwyth, 5 miles...
Maesteg, Bronant, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion
***A delightfully situated 6.7 acre residential smallholding with a substantial 4 bedroomed family farmhouse requiring some up-dating*** *** Set within it own mature gardens with private drive and a useful range of outbuildings suitable for stabling and workshops*** ***Enjoying a delightf...
£298,500 4 bedroom cottage for sale
A characterful yet deceptively spacious 3/4 bedroomed country cottage set within approximately 2.5 acres with stables *** Excellent Equestrian facilities *** Seeking the country life - Escape to the Country *** 3/4 bedroomed Family proportioned accommodation *** Oil fired...
Tregaron, Ceredigion, SY25 from station
Y Felin, Llanddewi Brefi, Tregaron, Ceredigion
Swyddffynnon, Ystrad Meurig, Dyfed, SY25 from station
Character Three Bedroomed Country Cottage with Much Charm and a panorama of open countryside, Two Reception Rooms, Modern Fitted Kitchen and three PVCu Conservatory/Sun Lounge additions. Detached Double Garage with Sauna and small outbuildings in beautiful developed gardens much loved by the vend...
Capel Bettws Lleucu, Llwynygroes, Tregaron, Ceredigion
A detached country bungalow offering extensive accommodation, traditionally built, set within it own particularly attractive level and easily managed gardens with detached double garage workshop. The property is built by the current owners in the mid 1970's benefits from oil fired central heating...
*** Ideal Family Accommodation *** *** Spacious 3 Bedroomed Family Proportioned Accommodation *** *** Oil Fired Central Heating ** Under Floor Heating *** *** Double Glazing ** High Thermal Qualities *** *** Detached Garage ** Cottage Style Garden to Front and Rear ** Double Park...
A very attractive recently renovated detached 3/4 double bedroomed country residence with attractive garden in small rural Hamlet *** A delightful detached country cottage recently refurbished to provide extensive Family accommodation *** Completed in contemporary style *** Be...

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Incense Burner Bejeweled Zentangled | Etsy
Incense Burner - "Bejeweled" - Zentangled wood-burned image on White Birch
Materials: Wood, white birch, Swarovski crystal
Incense Burner - "Bluestar Unicorn" - wood-burned image on White Birch
Incense Burner - "Pinwheel Mandala" - wood-burned image on White Birch
Incense Burner - "Visionary" Owl - wood-burned image on White Birch - Psalm 102:6
Incense Burner - "Celtic Promise" Cross - wood-burned image on White Birch
Incense Burner - "Wisdom" Owl - wood-burned image on White Birch - Psalm 102:6
Incense Burner - "Mourning Dove" - wood-burned image on White Birch - Isaiah 38:14
Wood-burned plaque "BEE-lieve Sunflower" - wood-burned image on White Birch
Wood-burned bedside plaque "Peaceful Sleep" - Psalm 4:8 - wood-burned image on White Birch
Incense Burner - "Mandala Magic" - wood-burned incense stick holder!
BE - JEWELED!!
This one-of-a-kind piece features a uniquely hand-drawn Zentangle-type design on White Birch wood with touches of color. It is "over-jeweled" with more than 25 multi-colored swarovzki crystals.
Such a pretty, sparkling and interesting backdrop for your incense burning pleasure!
Completely and lovingly made by hand, this image is wood-burned onto white birch and measures approximately 4.5" at widest and 1/2" thick.
This piece is lightly finished to add both protection of the detailed work, as well as a little SHINE!
The hole provided holds Triloka incense wands perfectly (other thicker incense sticks may need a little cutting back) BEJEWELED comes with a couple of Triloka wands so you can begin to enjoy this piece right out of the box!
As with all P2B products, this is a one-of-a-kind piece of art, never to be repeated. THIS ONE's a BEAUTY!!!
maryjean1523 Apr 10, 2018
Beautiful...such fine detail! I bought it for a gift but might keep it for myself. I do wish you had more pendants and jewelry on your site. You are very talented!
Pendant, wood-burned "Purple Passion", 1.5" round pendant for jewelry making!
Laura G May 10, 2017
My niece loved her gift!!!!
My niece loved her gift!!!
Zentangled Tealight Candle Holder - wood-burned art, hand-made, one of a kind!
Katie Powers Mar 16, 2016
Incense Burner - "Amanda-la" - wood-burned incense stick holder!
Meet the owner of Passion2Burn
Darlene Hrbek
Wood-burned plaque "Rejoicing in the Morning" - Psalm 30:5 - wood-burned floral image on White Birch
Incense Burner Gift Set - "Orna-mental" - wood-burned stick holder and incense sticks
Incense Burner Gift Set - "Celtic Christmas Tree" - wood-burned incense stick holder and incense wands
Incense Burner - "Maroon Mandala" wood-burned and hand-painted incense stick holder
Incense Burner Gift Set - "Joy to the World" - wood-burned stick holder and incense sticks

value: This website is an American e-commerce company focused on handmade or vintage items and craft supplies.


text:
Patent US8055654 - List search method for mobile terminal - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign in<nobr>Advanced Patent Search</nobr>PatentsA list search method for a mobile terminal is disclosed. The list search method includes displaying list items of a list requested by a user, and placing a cursor on one of the displayed list items in a visually identifiable manner, inputting at least one numeric key during display of the list and moving...http://www.google.com/patents/US8055654?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US8055654 - List search method for mobile terminalAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS8055654 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 11/903,657Publication dateNov 8, 2011Filing dateSep 24, 2007Priority dateOct 9, 2006Also published asUS20080086462Publication number11903657, 903657, US 8055654 B2, US 8055654B2, US-B2-8055654, US8055654 B2, US8055654B2InventorsSe Youp ChuOriginal AssigneeSamsung Electronics Co., Ltd.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (11), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (4), Classifications (9), Legal Events (2) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetList search method for mobile terminalUS 8055654 B2Abstract A list search method for a mobile terminal is disclosed. The list search method includes displaying list items of a list requested by a user, and placing a cursor on one of the displayed list items in a visually identifiable manner, inputting at least one numeric key during display of the list and moving the cursor by a skip interval to a list item of the list, wherein the skip interval is associated with the at least one input numeric key. In one aspect, the user can move the cursor in a list by a skip interval by inputting a numeric key, which is translated to a skip interval or the numeric value can itself be used as a skip interval.
1. A list search method for a mobile terminal, comprising the steps of:
displaying a list of list items requested by a user, and placing a cursor on one of the displayed list items;
inputting at least one numeric key during display of the list; and
moving the cursor along the list according to a selected skip interval corresponding to the at least one input numeric key to a target list item of the list, and placing the cursor on the target list item;
wherein the step of moving the cursor comprises the steps of:
generating the skip interval using the numeric value of the at least one input numeric key;
checking whether a target list item to which the cursor is to be moved using the skip interval is present in the list; and
moving the cursor to the target list item, if a target list item to which the cursor is to be moved using the skip interval is present in the list; and
wherein an input time duration of the most recently input numeric key is longer than or equal to a preset time duration.
2. The list search method of claim 1, wherein the step of moving the cursor comprises the steps of:
extracting the skip interval corresponding to the at least one numeric key value of the input numeric key from a skip interval table;
moving the cursor to the target list item, if a target list item to which the cursor is to be moved using the skip interval is present in the list.
3. The list search method of claim 2, wherein the skip interval is settable and changeable by the user.
4. The list search method of claim 1, wherein each list item of the list is related to a content file containing audio or video material.
5. The list search method of claim 1, wherein the step of moving the cursor step comprises the steps:
determining the skip interval using the numeric value of the at least one input numeric key;
inputting a direction key indicating a direction of cursor movement.
7. The list search method of claim 6, wherein the direction key corresponds to a volume adjustment key.
8. The list search method of claim 7, wherein the step of moving the cursor step comprises:
generating the directional skip interval using numeric and direction key values of the input numeric and direction keys;
checking whether a target list item to which the cursor is to be moved using the directional skip interval is present in the list; and
moving the cursor to the target list item, if a target list item to which the cursor is to be moved using the directional skip interval is present in the list.
9. An apparatus for searching a list of list items, comprising:
determining a skip interval in response to at least one numeric key input; and
moving the cursor along the list according to a selected the skip interval corresponding to the at least one input numeric key to a target list item of the list, and placing the cursor on the target list item;
wherein the step of moving the cursor comprises the stem of:
checking whether the target list item to which the cursor is to be moved using the skip interval is present in the list; and
moving the cursor to the target list item, if a target list item to which the cursor is to be moved using the skip interval is present in the list;
10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the step of determining the skip interval comprises the step of:
extracting the skip interval corresponding to the at least one numeric key value of the input numeric key from a skip interval table.
11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein elements with the skip interval are settable and changeable by the user.
12. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein each list item of the list is related to a content file containing audio and/or video material.
13. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the step of determining the skip interval comprises the step of:
generating the skip interval as the numeric value of the at least one input numeric key.
14. The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising the step of:
15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the step of wherein the step of determining the skip interval comprises the step of:
generating the skip interval as the numeric and direction values of the associated input numeric and direction keys.
16. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the direction key corresponds to a volume adjustment key. Description
CLAIMS OF PRIORITY This application claims the benefit of the earlier filing date, pursuant to 35 USC 119, to that patent application entitled �LIST SEARCH METHOD FOR MOBILE TERMINAL,� filed in the Korean Intellectual Property Office on Oct. 9, 2006 and assigned Serial No. 2006-0097820, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention relates generally to a mobile terminals and, more particularly, to a list search method for a mobile terminal wherein a user can quickly search a list of items to find and execute a desired item.
With rapid advances in communication technologies, an advanced mobile terminal can support not only conventional call and short message processing but also various supplementary functions related to, for example, video telephony, electronic scheduling, storage of audio and video data, Internet browsing, entertainment, and digital content replay.
To select on of the functions, various lists of list items associated with, for example, digital content are used in a mobile terminal. To select a desired list item in a particular list, the user may have to scroll up and down the screen using up and down direction keys until the cursor is placed on the desired list item.
In a conventional list search method, whenever a direction key is pressed, the cursor moves to the next item in the corresponding direction. When a direction key is kept continuously pressed, the cursor repeatedly moves in the corresponding direction until the direction key is released.
However, in a conventional list search method, if a large number of list items are contained in a list and a list item to be found is present at the end of the list, the user is inconvenienced by having to keep the down arrow key pressed until the cursor moves to the end of the list. In addition, a significant period of time may be required for the user to find a desired list item in a long list.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a list search method for a mobile terminal enabling the user to quickly search a list having numerous list items for a desired list item.
In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a list search method for a mobile terminal, including displaying list items of a list requested by a user, and placing a cursor on one of the displayed list items in a visually identifiable manner, wherein the list item on which the cursor is placed is Visually distinguished from the remaining list items inputting at least one numeric key during display of the list and moving the cursor by a skip interval to a list item of the list, wherein the skip interval is associated with the at least one input numeric key.
FIG. 1 illustrates a configuration of a mobile terminal capable of using a list search method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating a list search method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate screen representations of a music list processed by the method of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 illustrates a skip interval table for the method of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating a list search method according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention; and
FIG. 6 is a flow chart illustrating a list search method according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference symbols identify the same or corresponding elements in the drawings. For the purposes of clarity and simplicity, detailed descriptions of constructions or processes known in the art may be omitted to avoid obscuring the invention in unnecessary detail.
In the description, the term �list� refers to any list of items, such as a call list of calls recently made and received, a menu of menu items, and a play list of content files. The term �content� refers to digital contents such as data, information or knowledge that are composed of electronically processed symbols, characters, sounds, or still or moving images. A content file can be used in a mobile terminal though an information and communication network.
FIG. 1 illustrates a configuration of a mobile terminal capable of using a list search method of the present invention.
Referring to FIG. 1, the mobile terminal 100 includes a wireless communication unit 130, audio processor 140, key input unit 160, display unit 150, memory unit 170, and control unit 190.
The wireless communication unit 130 performs wireless data transmission and reception operations for the mobile terminal 100. The wireless communication unit 130 may include a radio frequency (RF) transmitter for upconverting the frequency and amplifying of a signal to be transmitted, and an RF receiver for low-noise amplifying a received signal and downconverting the frequency of the received signal. The wireless communication unit 130 sends data received through a wireless channel to the control unit 190, and transmits data from the control unit 190 through a wireless channel.
The audio processor 140 may include a coder/decoder (codec). The codec may have a data codec for processing packet data and the like, and an audio codec for processing an audio signal such as a voice signal. During call processing, the audio processor 140 converts a digital audio signal from the control unit 190 into an analog signal through the audio codec to reproduce the analog signal through a speaker, and converts an analog audio signal from a microphone into a digital audio signal through the audio codec to provide the digital audio signal to the control unit 190.
The key input unit 160 receives a key signal from the user to control operations of the mobile terminal 100, and sends the received key signal to the control unit 190. The key input unit 160 includes control keys (not shown) for operation control of the mobile terminal 100, a plurality of numeric keys 162 for inputting numerals, direction keys 164, and an �execute� key 166.
The direction keys 164 are used to specify the search direction (forward or backward direction) in a list. The direction keys 164 may be the volume up and down keys, up and down arrow keys, alphanumeric keys labeled �*� and �#�, or a pair of soft keys.
The �execute� key 166 is used to execute a selected list item or a function associated with the selected list item in a list. The execute key may, for example, be the �Ok� key.
The display unit 150 displays an image signal from the control unit 190 on a screen. The display unit 150 may include a panel of liquid crystal display (LCD) devices, an LCD controller, and a video memory for storing video data. If the panel has a touch screen capability, the display unit 150 can also act as an input means.
The memory unit 170 includes a program memory section and a data memory section. The program memory section stores programs for controlling the overall operation of the mobile terminal 100, and the data memory section stores data resulting from execution of the programs. In particular, the memory unit 170 stores a skip interval that is input by the user while list searching, or stores a skip interval table from which a particular skip interval is extracted. The skip interval and skip interval table more fully described in connection with FIG. 2.
The control unit 190 controls the overall operation of the mobile terminal 100. In particular, when a user-requested list is displayed on the display unit 150, the control unit 190 moves the cursor along the list on the basis of the key value of a numeric key 162 input by the user.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating a list search method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate screen representations of a music list processed by the method of FIG. 2. In the method, the user can rapidly move the cursor to a target list item using a numeric key, unlike a conventional cursor movement approach using a direction key. Referring to FIGS. 1 to 3B, the list search method is described as follows.
When the user of the mobile terminal 100 selects a particular list for display (S12), the control unit 190 displays list items of the selected list (S13). The list may be any list such as a recent call list. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 3A, a name list of audio files (MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3 (MP3) files) may be displayed.
During display of the selected list, the control unit 190 places the cursor on a current list item (for example, the first list item) to sharply distinguish the current list item from remaining list items (S14). For sharp distinction, the current list item, on which the cursor is placed, can be changed in background and character color, be blinked, or be scrolled to the left and right. Although, at the start of list display, the cursor is normally placed on the first list item, the cursor may also be placed on a list item that has been selected before.
After placement of the cursor, when the user inputs a key (S15), the control unit 190 determines whether the input key is a numeric key 162 (S16). If the input key is not a numeric key 162, the control unit 190 performs a function associated with the input key (S161). For example, if the input key is a direction key 164, the control unit 190 moves the cursor to the next or previous list item in a conventional manner.
However, if the input key is a numeric key 162, the control unit 190 extracts a skip interval corresponding to the key value of the input key from a skip interval table (illustrated in FIG. 4) (S17).
Referring to FIG. 4, a skip interval table includes numeric fields and skip-interval fields. A numeric field is used to store a numeric value corresponding to a numeric key value. The key input unit 160 of the mobile terminal 100 includes normally ten numeric keys 162 labeled �0� to �9�, and ten numeric fields are present in the skip interval table.
A skip-interval field is used to store a skip interval for cursor movement corresponding to a numeric key value. In the skip interval table of FIG. 4, skip intervals takes numeric values of 5 to 50 at an interval of 5 units. For example, numeric key values of �1� and �2� correspond respectively to skip intervals of �5� and �10�. Further, a numeric key value of �0� corresponds to a skip interval of �50�, the user can move the cursor to the next 50th list item with a single numeric key input. The user may also set individual skip intervals if necessary. Accordingly, the skip interval table is suitable for translating the numeric value into a skip interval value
Returning to FIG. 2, after extraction of the skip interval corresponding to the input key value, the control unit 190 checks the validity of the skip interval (S18). That is, the possibility of cursor movement from the current list item to a list item on which the cursor is to be moved is checked. For example, in the case of a list of 43 list items, if the user inputs a numeric key �0�, the corresponding skip interval is 50. However, the next 50th list item is nonexistent in the list, and the skip interval of 50 is not valid for the list of 43 list items. For another example, in the case when a list has 100 list items and the current list item is the 90th list item, if the user inputs a numeric key �3�, the corresponding skip interval is 15. However, the next 15th list item is nonexistent in the list, and the skip interval of 15 is not valid with respect to the current list item (or the position of the cursor). As would be recognized from the examples provided herein, the reference to the skip interval as being valid is determined by determining whether a position determined by the combination of the skip interval and the current position are within a list range.
If the skip interval is not valid, the control unit 190 outputs a message indicating input of an inappropriate numeric key through the display unit 150, and returns to step S15 for new key input.
If the skip interval is valid, the control unit 190 moves the cursor by the skip interval (for example, by 10) in the forward direction, and places the cursor on the corresponding list item, as illustrated in FIG. 3B (S19).
In placement of the cursor on a list item, if the user inputs the �execute� key 166, the list item is selected for execution and the control unit 190 performs a function associated with the selected list item (S21). If the user inputs a key other than the �execute� key 166, the control unit 190 returns to step S15 for continued cursor movement.
FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating a list search method according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIGS. 1 and 5, the list search method is described as follows.
When the user of the mobile terminal 100 selects a particular list for display (S32), the control unit 190 displays list items of the selected list (S33), and places the cursor on a current list item (for example, the first list item) (S34).
When the user inputs a key (S35), the control unit 190 determines whether the input key is a numeric key 162 (S36). If the input key is not a numeric key 162, the control unit 190 performs a function associated with the input key (S361). If the input key is a numeric key 162, the control unit 190 temporarily stores the input numeric key value (S37), and determines whether pressing of the most recently input numeric key is sustained for a preset time duration (for example, 2 seconds) (S38). If the most recently input numeric key is pressed and immediately released, the control unit 190 expects input of a next numeric key from the user, receives a numeric key from the user (S381), and temporarily stores the corresponding numeric key value (S37). That is, all input numeric key values are temporarily stored in sequence.
If pressing of the most recently input numeric key is sustained for the preset time duration, the control unit 190 expects end of numeric key input from the user, and generates a skip interval using the at least one stored numeric key value (S39). For example, if the user successively inputs numeric keys �5� and �6� with an extended period of pressing of the numeric key of �6�, the control unit 190 generates a skip interval of �56�.
After determination of the skip interval, based on the input value, the control unit 190 checks the validity of the skip interval (S40). If the skip interval is not valid, the control unit 190 outputs a message indicating input of an inappropriate numeric key through the display unit 150, and returns to step S35 for new key input. If the skip interval is valid, the control unit 190 moves the cursor by the skip interval in the forward direction, and places the cursor on the corresponding list item (S41).
In placement of the cursor on a list item, if the user inputs the �execute� key 166 (S42), the list item is selected for execution and the control unit 190 performs a function associated with the selected list item (S43). If the user inputs a key other than the �execute� key 166, the control unit 190 returns to step S35.
FIG. 6 is a flow chart illustrating a list search method according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIGS. 1 and 6, the list search method is described as follows.
When the user of the mobile terminal 100 selects a particular list for display (S62), the control unit 190 displays list items of the selected list (S63), and places the cursor on a current list item (for example, the first list item) (S64).
When the user inputs a key (S65), the control unit 190 determines whether the input key is a numeric key 162 (S66). If the input key is not a numeric key 162, the control unit 190 performs a function associated with the input key (S661). If the input key is a numeric key 162, the control unit 190 temporarily stores the input numeric key value (S67), and determines whether a direction key 164 is input (S68). If a direction key 164 is not input, the control unit 190 receives a numeric key from the user (S681), and temporarily stores the corresponding numeric key value (S67). That is, all input numeric key values are temporarily stored in sequence.
If a direction key 164 is input, the control unit 190 expects end of numeric key input from the user, and generates a directional skip interval using the at least one stored numeric key value and the input direction key value (up or down) (S69). For example, if the user successively inputs numeric keys �5� and �6�, and the �up� key, the control unit 190 generates a directional skip interval of �−56�, which indicates cursor movement in the backward direction.
After generation of the directional skip interval, the control unit 190 checks the validity of the directional skip interval (S70). If the directional skip interval is not valid, the control unit 190 outputs a message indicating input of an inappropriate numeric key through the display unit 150, and returns to step S65 for new key input. If the directional skip interval is valid, the control unit 190 moves the cursor by the directional skip interval in the forward or backward direction depending upon the sign of the directional skip interval, and places the cursor on the corresponding list item (S71).
In placement of the cursor on a list item, if the user inputs the �execute� key 166 (S72), the list item is selected for execution and the control unit 190 performs a function associated with the selected list item (S73). If the user inputs a key other than the �execute� key 166, the control unit 190 returns to step S65.
As apparent from the above description, the present invention provides a list search method for a mobile terminal wherein the cursor can be moved in a list by a skip interval at one time and the skip interval corresponds to an input numeric key value or to a value directly input by the user. As a result, the user can rapidly and easily move the cursor in a long list for selection and execution of a desired list item.
While exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described in this specification, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes or modifications of the embodiments are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. For example, although, in the description, list items of a list are scrolled up or down, the present invention may also be applied to a list whose list items are scrolled left or right. In addition, although the description is focused on a mobile terminal, the present invention may also be applied to any electronic apparatus that can display a list of list items and input numeric values from a user.
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text:
Frances Duryea Buckland (1846-1913) - Find A Grave Memorial
Frances Duryea Buckland
Birth 1846 Perry, Wyoming County, New York, USA
Death 12 Dec 1913 Perry, Wyoming County, New York, USA
Burial Prospect Hill Cemetery Perry Center, Wyoming County, New York, USA
Memorial ID 110331418
Aged 67 years 23 days
(Silver Springs, NY, Signal, December 18, 1913)
The funeral of Mrs. Frances A. Buckland, widow of Romain P. Buckland, was held from her late residence in Perry Sunday. She was born in the town of Perry in 1846 and had always lived in town. One son, Carl W. Buckland of Perry, survives.
Romain Palmer Buckland
Earle C Buckland*
Carl W. Buckland*
Allie L Buckland*
Find A Grave Memorial 110331418
Find A Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com : accessed ), memorial page for Frances Duryea Buckland (1846–12 Dec 1913), Find A Grave Memorial no. 110331418, citing Prospect Hill Cemetery, Perry Center, Wyoming County, New York, USA ; Maintained by Jim and Elizabeth (contributor 47230507) .
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