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Patent US6477059 - Board connection structure, electronic device with board connection ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsIn an electronic device, a board connection structure of the present invention is provided, that electrically connects conductive parts of multiple circuit boards arranged in layers. The board connection structure reduces the positional displacement of the two circuit boards without considering the positioning...http://www.google.com/patents/US6477059?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6477059 - Board connection structure, electronic device with board connection structure and connector used thereinAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS6477059 B1Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 09/643,565Publication dateNov 5, 2002Filing dateAug 22, 2000Priority dateAug 27, 1999Fee statusPaidAlso published asDE60012834D1, DE60012834T2, EP1079466A2, EP1079466A3, EP1079466B1, US20020118516Publication number09643565, 643565, US 6477059 B1, US 6477059B1, US-B1-6477059, US6477059 B1, US6477059B1InventorsAkihisa Ono, Kazuo MiuraOriginal AssigneeSony Computer Entertainment, IncExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (10), Referenced by (8), Classifications (17), Legal Events (6) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetBoard connection structure, electronic device with board connection structure and connector used thereinUS 6477059 B1Abstract In an electronic device, a board connection structure of the present invention is provided, that electrically connects conductive parts of multiple circuit boards arranged in layers. The board connection structure reduces the positional displacement of the two circuit boards without considering the positioning precision of connectors provided on each circuit board. The board connection structure of the present invention is a board connection structure 1 which connects electrically conductive parts (13, 23) of two circuit boards (11, 21) arranged in layers. The board connection structure has a pair of connectors (31, 41) which have electrical continuity with the conductive parts (13, 23) of the two circuit boards (11, 21) arranged facing each other, and a flexible wiring board 51 which is electrically connected with each of the pair of connectors (31, 41) and ensures electrical continuity between the connectors (31, 41). The connectors (31, 41) are of non-ZIF type and ensure electrical connection and physical anchoring by inserting the flexible wiring board 51 into insertion holes formed in the connectors.
What is claimed is: 1. A board connection structure that electrically connects conductive parts of at least two circuit boards that are arranged in layers, comprising:
a pair of connectors configured so as to have electrical continuity with the conductive parts of said at least two circuit boards and arranged facing each other; and a flexible wiring board electrically connected with each of said pair of connectors and which ensures electrical continuity between said pair of connectors, wherein said flexible wiring board is inserted into both of said pair of connectors so as to ensure electrical connection and physical anchoring therebetween; wherein at least one of said pair of connectors is a through-type connector which said flexible wiring board pierces when inserted, and on a circuit board surface on which said through-type connector is provided, holes are formed into which said flexible wiring board can be inserted from a surface opposite a mounting surface of said through-type connector. 2. The board connection structure as described in claim 1, wherein each of said connectors includes:
a case of non-conductive material in which an opening is formed into which the flexible wiring board is inserted, and a metal contact part that is provided inside said case to make contact with a conductive part formed on said flexible wiring board, said metal contact part having at least one claw that resists pulling-out force of said inserted flexible wiring board. 3. The board connection structure as described in claim 1, wherein said flexible wiring board is constituted of a flexible base material and has electrodes formed on one of a front surface and a back surface of the flexible base material.
4. An electronic device comprising a board connection structure that electrically connects conductive parts of at least two circuit boards arranged in layers wherein said board connection structure includes a pair of connectors configured to so as to have electrical continuity with the conductive parts of said at least two circuit boards and arranged facing each other; and a flexible wiring board electrically connected with each of said pair of connectors and which ensures electrical continuity between said pair of connectors, said flexible wiring board being inserted into both of said pair of connectors so as to ensure electrical connection and physical anchoring therebetween;
wherein at least one of said pair of connectors is a through-type connector which said flexible wiring board pierces when inserted, and on a circuit board surface on which said through-type connector is provided, holes are formed into which said flexible wiring board can be inserted from a surface opposite a mounting surface of said through-type connector. 5. The electronic device as described in claim 4, wherein each of said connectors includes:
a case of non-conductive material, in which an opening is formed into which the flexible wiring board is inserted, and a metal contact part that is provided inside said case to make contact with a conductive part formed on said flexible wiring board, said metal contact part having at least one claw that resists a pulling-out force of said inserted flexible wiring board. 6. The electronic device as described in claim 4, wherein, said flexible wiring board is constituted of a flexible base material and has electrodes formed on one of a front surface and a back surface of the flexible base material.
at least two circuit boards having rigidity; a flexible wiring board; and connectors mounted facing each other respectively on said at least two circuit boards and electrically and mechanically connecting said flexible wiring board with said circuit boards, wherein said at least two circuit boards are connected to each other electrically by said flexible wiring board, thus increasing the degree of freedom concerning relative positions of said circuit boards and improving packability thereof into a cabinet of the electronic device; wherein at least one of said pair of connectors is a through-type connector which said flexible wiring board pierces when inserted, and on a circuit board surface on which said through-type connector is provided, holes are formed into which said flexible wiring board can be inserted from a surface opposite a mounting surface of said through-type connector. 8. A electronic device according to claim 7, wherein
an insertion opening is formed in each of said connectors, said flexible wiring board being inserted into said insertion opening and a sloping surface is formed around said insertion opening to guide insertion of said flexible wiring board into said connectors in assembling of the electronic device at the time of manufacture. 9. An electronic device according to claim 7, wherein
said connectors are of non-ZIF type and electrically and mechanically connect said circuit boards and said flexible wiring board to each other. 10. An electronic device comprising;
multiple circuit boards having rigidity; a flexible wiring board; and connectors that electrically and mechanically connect said flexible wiring board with said circuit boards, said connectors being respectively mounted on said multiple circuit boards, wherein holes are formed in said multiple circuit boards, which are aligned in position with said connectors for receiving said flexible wiring board therethrough, from a surface opposite a mounting surface of said through-type connector, and said multiple circuit boards are connected together electrically via said flexible wiring board,such that connectors mounted on at least two of said multiple circuit boards face each other. 11. An electronic device comprising:
a flexible wiring board; multiple through-type connectors that are connected electrically and mechanically with said flexible wiring board; and multiple circuit boards that each mount one of said multiple through-type connectors and in which through-holes are formed aligned in position on said connectors for receiving said flexible wiring board therethrough, from a surface opposite a mounting surface of said through-type connector, and wherein said multiple circuit boards are combined in layers with respect to said flexible wiring board using said through-holes, such that connectors mounted on at least two of said multiple circuit boards face each other. Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a board connection structure that mutually connects multiple circuit boards that are arranged in layers, an electronic device equipped with the board connection structure, and a connector used in the board connection structure.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Multiple circuit boards on which various circuit elements are mounted, are arranged in layers in audiovisual equipment, computers, and other electronic devices. Arranging multiple circuit boards in this laminated way improves efficiency with which components are packed inside such electronic devices and makes them smaller.
In making electrical connections between the conductive parts on circuit boards where multiple circuit boards are arranged in layers, so-called board-to-board connectors have been employed, in which a plug is provided on one circuit board, a receptacle is provided on another circuit board, and the plug and receptacle are joined by a direct mechanical connection (Japanese patent application Laid-Open No. 59-148289, 1984).
However, in such conventional board connection structure, the relative position of two circuit boards is uniquely determined by the mechanical connection between the plug and the receptacle because of rigidity of the boards themselves. Thus if positional displacement of two circuit boards is set smaller in order to improve their packability inside the housing of an electronic device, the problem arises that one must attach the plug and receptacle precisely positioned on each circuit board. In particular, as electronic devices are given more sophisticated functions to perform and circuit boards are made larger, the precision with which plugs and receptacles are attached to circuit boards greatly affects the positional displacement of the circuit boards they connect.
Since the plug and the receptacle are fitted together mechanically by making the connection with such a board-to-board connector, it is difficult to adjust the distance between laminated circuit boards to fit the dimensions of the housing of the electronic device, which puts limits on how small the electronic device may be made. A further problem is that in connecting together the circuit boards with such board-to-board connector, the plug and the receptacle must be fitted together while checking them from the side, which makes the assembly work more complicated during manufacturing.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of this invention to provide, in a board connection structure by which electrical connection is made between the conductive parts of multiple circuit boards arranged in layers, a board connection structure that reduces a positional displacement between the two circuit boards without considering the positioning precision of the connectors provided on each circuit board, to provide an electronic device that can be made smaller by reducing the positional displacement of circuit boards, and to provide a connector that makes it easy to connect multiple circuit boards.
In order to achieve the above objects, a board connection structure of the present invention is a board connection structure in which conductive parts of at least two circuit boards arranged in layers are electrically connected. The board connection structure includes a pair of connectors having electrical continuity with the conductive parts of the circuit boards arranged facing each other, and a flexible wiring board that is electrically connected to each of the connectors of the pair and ensures electrical continuity between said pair of connectors. The connector is arranged such that inserting said flexible wiring board therebetween ensures an electrical connection and a physical anchoring in the structure.
Here, one can use as a connector a so-called non-ZIF (non-zero insert force) type. For example, one can use a connector that has a non-conductive case in which an opening is formed into which a flexible wiring board is inserted, and a metal contact part which is provided inside the case, is formed on the flexible wiring board has a claw part for resisting the pullout force of the inserted flexible wiring board.
As the flexible wiring board one can use the board on which FFC (flat flex cable) or other electrodes are formed on the front surface and/or back surface of the flexible board made of PET (polyethylene terephthalate), etc.
With the present invention, a pair of connectors are connected via the flexible wiring board, making it possible to absorb the shift of mounting position of connectors on a circuit board and to house electronic devices in a housing with reduced positional displacement of the circuit boards.
Connection via the flexible wiring board makes it possible to adjust the distance between the two circuit boards, thereby making it possible to reduce the size of electronic devices using the board connection structure of this invention.
Since the physical anchoring between the two circuit boards is ensured just by inserting the flexible wiring board into the connector, the two circuit boards can be connected simply, just by inserting a flexible wiring board into the connector, which simplifies the assembly work of connecting the circuit boards together.
Also, because the connector has the claw part that resists the pulling-out force of the flexible wiring board, a board connection structure can be provided, in which insertion is easy, and it is difficult to break the connection between the connector and the flexible wiring board.
In addition, because the flexible wiring board is provided with electrodes formed on the front surface and/or back surface of a flexible board material, it is easy to manufacture flexible wiring boards using conventional wiring pattern printing, etc.
It is desirable that at least one of the aforesaid pair of connectors be a through-type connector that the flexible wiring board pierces, and that on the circuit board surface on which this through-type connector is provided, there would be formed holes into which the flexible wiring board can be inserted from the surface opposite the mounting surface of the through-type connector.
The board connection structure of the present invention can be made by a procedure such as the following:
(1) Attach a flexible wiring board to the connector mounted on the circuit board arranged at the bottom of the multiple laminated wiring boards.
(2) Insert the end of the flexible wiring board into the through-type connector provided on the laminating circuit board, pull the end of the flexible wiring board out through the pullout opening of the through-type connector and the hole in the circuit board, adjust the distance between the two circuit boards, and arrange the circuit board in optimum position. If laminating three or more circuit boards, laminate a circuit board on which through-type connectors are mounted and on which holes are formed into the flexible wiring board can be inserted, and repeat the operation of step (2).
That is, by the board connection structure of this invention, adopting a composition such as proposed in this application, circuit boards can be connected without checking from the side, which greatly reduces the assembly work during manufacturing.
Also, the electronic device of this invention is characterized in that it can have any of the aforesaid board connection structures.
The electronic device could be a notebook-type personal computer, an audiovisual device, a computer game machine, etc.
By adopting the board connection structure of the present invention, the positional displacement of laminated circuit boards can be reduced, which improves the packability of the electronic device into a housing and makes it easy to reduce the size of the electronic device. And because the work of connecting boards can be done without checking from the side, the work of assembling the electronic device can be greatly reduced.
Also, the connector of the present invention has an insertion opening into which the flexible wiring board is inserted and a pullout opening through which the flexible wiring board inserted through this insertion opening, is pulled out. It can go through the flexible wiring board.
The connector of this invention preferably ensures electrical connection and physical anchoring just by inserting the flexible wiring board.
With such a connector, by forming insertion holes for flexible wiring boards in multiple circuit boards arranged in layers and allowing the flexible wiring board to go through the connector, multiple circuit boards can be electrically connected to each other, which can greatly reduce the work of connecting the circuit boards.
A sloping surface may be formed around the insertion opening of the connector to guide in the flexible wiring board.
That is, by forming such sloping surface, the flexible wiring board is guided quickly into the inside of the connector, which makes the work of connecting the circuit boards even easier.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the board connection structure of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view in the direction perpendicular to the cross-sectional view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view in a width direction of the structure of FIG. 1, showing the structure of the flexible wiring board; and
FIG. 4 is a plan view diagrammatically showing the structure of an electronic device that adopts the board connection structure of FIGS. 1-3.
FIG. 1 shows a board connection structure of an embodiment of the invention. The board connection structure 1 has two circuit boards 11, 21 arranged in layers, a pair of connectors 31, 41 mounted on surfaces of these two circuit boards 11, 21 that face each other and a flexible wiring board 51, which is electrically connected with the pair of connectors 31, 41.
Circuit board 11 is a printed wiring board on which a copper or other conductive pattern 13 is formed on a glass epoxy board or other insulating board 12; mounted on the circuit board 11 are various circuit elements (not shown) electrically connected via conductive pattern 13.
Similarly, circuit board 21 has an insulating board 22 and a conductive pattern 23. In the part where connector 41 is provided, is formed a hole 24 that goes through the front and back surfaces of the circuit board 21.
Connector 31 is a so-called �non-ZIF� connector in which the electrical connection and physical anchoring are ensured by pushing in the flexible wiring board with the prescribed force. Specifically, connector 31 has a case 32 which is made of plastic, etc., a contact part 33 which is provided inside case 32 and ensures the electrical continuity and physical anchoring of the flexible wiring board 51, and a terminal 34 which is electrically connected with contact part 33 and is provided on the outside of case 32 and is electrically connected with conductive pattern 13.
Formed in case 32 are an insertion opening 32A into which flexible wiring board 51 is inserted, and a sloping surface 32B for guiding the flexible wiring board 51 through the insertion opening.
As shown in FIG. 2, contact part 33 consists of multiple contact elements 331 arranged along the width direction of flexible wiring board 51. Contact elements 331 consist of spring-shaped members that impel the facing contact elements 331, and pinch and hold in place the flexible wiring board 51, which is inserted inbetween by the impelling force of these spring-shaped members. Formed on the contact elements 331 are insertion-side sloping surfaces 331 A for guiding flexible wiring board 51, and claws 331B for resisting the force of flexible wiring board 51 in the pullout direction.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, connector 41 has the same structure as connector 31 in that it has a case 42, a contact part 43, and a terminal 44. Like contact part 33, the contact part 43 consists of multiple contact elements 431, and on contact elements 431 are formed insertion-side sloping surfaces 431A and claws 431B. The connector 41 is different from the connector 31 in that, besides insertion opening 42A and sloping surface 42B, formed in case 42, on the part facing insertion opening 42A is a pullout opening 42C through which the flexible wiring board 51 inserted through insertion opening 42A is pulled out.
Flexible wiring board 51 has, as shown in FIG. 2, a width dimension W that is roughly equal to insertion openings 32A, 42A of connectors 31, 41, and has, as shown in FIG. 3, a flexible base material 511 and multiple electrodes 512 formed on the front and back surfaces of the flexible board base material 511.
Board material 511 is made of PET or other flexible non-conductive material. Multiple electrodes 512 are formed along the extension direction of flexible wiring board 51 by etching or other pattern printing on board material 511.
The board connection structure 1 is adopted in a video game device 100 as shown in FIG. 4. The video game device 100, has a housing 101, a disk mounting unit 102, a reset switch 103, a power switch 104, a disk operation switch 105, and a card slot 106.
Housed inside housing 101 is the device main unit, which is constituted to include the circuit boards 11, 21, etc. An optical disk on which a video game or other application program is recorded, is mounted on disk mounting unit 102 provided on the top surface of housing 101, and the lid of disk mounting unit 102 is opened and closed by operating the disk operation switch 105.
Reset switch 103, power switch 104, and card slot 106 are electrically connected with circuit boards 11, 21. Reset switch 103 is a switch for arbitrarily interrupting and resetting an application program in progress. Power switch 104 is a switch for starting video game device 100. Card slot 106 is a part into which one inserts a RAM card 107 on which is recorded information on the game in progress, etc.
The following is the procedure for assembling video game device 100 having the board connection structure 1:
(1) Affix circuit board 11, with its surface on which connector 31 is mounted facing upward, into housing 101, insert flexible wiring board 51 into insertion opening 32A of connector 31, and ensure the electrical continuity and physical anchoring of flexible wiring board 51 and connector 31.
(2) Insert the tip end of flexible wiring board SI that is connected with connector 31 into insertion opening 42A of connector 41, and pull it out through the pullout opening 42C and hole 24 of circuit board 21.
(3) Adjust the distance between the two circuit boards 11, 21 in the range where the circuit elements on circuit boards 11, 21 do not come into contact with each other, correct the positional displacement of circuit boards 11, 21, then affix circuit board 21 to housing 11. If three or more circuit boards are to be laminated, affix circuit board 21 and a circuit board having the same kind of connector 41 and hole 24 to housing 101 by the same procedure as above.
The assembly procedure as described above has the following effects:
1. Because the pair of connectors 31, 41 are connected via flexible wiring board 51, any discrepancy in the mounting position of connectors 31, 41 on circuit boards 11, 21 can be absorbed by flexible wiring board 51, and circuit boards 11, 21 can be easily accommodated in housing 101.
2. By connecting circuit boards 11, 21 via flexible wiring board 51, the distance between the two circuit boards 11, 21 can be freely adjusted, thereby making it possible to improve the layout density of the parts of circuit boards 11, 21 etc. inside housing 101 and to reduce the size of the vide game device 100.
3. Through-type connector 41 is adopted for circuit board 21, and hole 24 is formed in circuit board 21 so as to match the pullout opening 42C of the through-type connector 41, thus making it possible to pull out the flexible wiring board 51 through the pullout opening 42C and hole 24. Therefore circuit boards 11, 21 can be connected without checking them from the side, which can greatly reduce the work of assembly during manufacturing of video game device 100.
4. Sloping surface 42B to guide flexible wiring board 51 is formed around insertion opening 42A of connector 41, thereby making it possible to quickly insert the flexible wiring board 51 into insertion opening 42A and further facilitating the operation of connecting circuit boards 11, 21.
5. Video game device 100 has various circuit boards for different applications, such as a main board, video board, and audio board, so that by adopting board connection structure 1 for each board connection, the efficiency of accommodating them within housing 101 can be improved, video game device 100 can be made smaller, and the operation of assembly can be greatly reduced.
Moreover, when connecting circuit boards 11, 21, flexible wiring board 51 may be inserted from outside of circuit board 21 in a state in which they first overlap without anchoring circuit boards 11, 21.
In this way, because it is possible to ensure the electrical connection of the two circuit boards 11, 21 by inserting flexible wiring board 51 after first securing circuit boards 11, 21 to housing 101, the assembly time of electronic devices can be further reduced.
Moreover, this invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment but also includes variations such as the following:
In the aforesaid embodiment, the pair of connectors 31, 41 are mounted on surfaces that face circuit boards 11, 21, but the invention is not limited to this. That is, the composition may be such that a through-type connector be mounted on the opposite side from the facing surface of the circuit board, a hole through which the flexible wiring board be inserted is formed in the circuit board, and when connection would be made, first the flexible wiring board would be inserted into that hole, then the flexible wiring board would be inserted into the insertion opening of the through-type connector.
Also, in the above embodiment, flexible wiring board 51 was inserted into connector 31, then the leading end of said flexible wiring board 51 was inserted into connector 41, but it is not limited to this. That is, the composition may be one in which the position of the pair of connectors be aligned, then the flexible wiring board would be inserted. In this case, it is difficult to pass the flexible wiring board through with an ordinary non-ZIF connector, so it is desirable to separately provide an anchoring structure by which the flexible wiring board is pinched and held fast by the connector into which the flexible wiring board is first inserted.
In addition, the structure and shape, etc. of the embodiment of this invention may have other structures, etc., provided that the purpose of this invention can be accomplished.
With this invention as described above, a pair of connectors on two circuit boards arranged in layers are connected via the flexible wiring board, which makes it possible to absorb by the flexible wiring board any discrepancy of mounting position of the connectors on the circuit boards, and to reduce the positional displacement of the two circuit boards and accommodate them in the housing of an electronic device, etc.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS4109298 *Jul 26, 1976Aug 22, 1978Texas Instruments IncorporatedConnector with printed wiring board structureUS4179724 *Aug 31, 1977Dec 18, 1979Bonhomme F RCabinets for electrical or electronic equipmentUS4631637 *Dec 23, 1985Dec 23, 1986Burroughs CorporationDual backplane interconnect systemUS5186638 *Aug 30, 1991Feb 16, 1993Thomas & Betts CorporationTransportation protection and insertion device for multi-conductor cablesUS5266912Aug 19, 1992Nov 30, 1993Micron Technology, Inc.Inherently impedance matched multiple integrated circuit moduleUS5335146 *Jan 29, 1992Aug 2, 1994International Business Machines CorporationHigh density packaging for device requiring large numbers of unique signals utilizing orthogonal plugging and zero insertion force connetorsUS5469335 *Nov 14, 1994Nov 21, 1995Compaq Computer CorporationPower distribution connector apparatus for back-to-back sandwiched circuit boardsUS5507651 *Aug 1, 1994Apr 16, 1996Kel CorporationConnector assembly for film circuitryDE9012859U1Sep 10, 1990Mar 28, 1991Kloeckner-Moeller Gmbh, 5300 Bonn, DeTitle not availableDE9013456U1Sep 24, 1990Feb 27, 1992Stadler, Alfons, 8000 Muenchen, DeTitle not available* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS6781795 *Jan 31, 2002Aug 24, 2004Kabushiki Kaisha ToshibaConnector for flexible printed circuit boards, head actuator provided with the same, and disk driveUS6863542 *Feb 19, 2003Mar 8, 2005Orion Electric Co., Ltd.Interconnecting structure for electrically connecting two printed circuit boardsUS7044748 *Sep 26, 2003May 16, 2006Hon Hai Precision Ind. Co., LtdElectrical device for interconnecting two printed circuit boards at a large distanceUS7462036 *Jan 15, 2008Dec 9, 2008Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., Ltd.Printed circuit board connector for back light unit and chassis using the sameUS8485831 *Jan 6, 2011Jul 16, 2013International Business Machines CorporationTall mezzanine connectorUS8550841 *Apr 14, 2010Oct 8, 2013Yazaki CorporationFlat cable connector having cable support structureUS20120034815 *Apr 14, 2010Feb 9, 2012Yazaki CorporationConnectorUS20120178273 *Jan 6, 2011Jul 12, 2012International Business Machines CorporationTall mezzanine connector* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification361/785, 361/736, 361/790, 361/803, 361/735, 439/67, 439/493, 361/792, 439/65, 361/749International ClassificationH01R107/00, H05K1/14Cooperative ClassificationH01R12/7082, H01R12/52, H05K1/144European ClassificationH05K1/14D, H01R9/09FLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionDec 27, 2011ASAssignmentEffective date: 20100401Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SONY NETWORK ENTERTAINMENT PLATFORM INC.;REEL/FRAME:027449/0108Owner name: SONY COMPUTER ENTERTAINMENT INC., JAPANDec 22, 2011ASAssignmentFree format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:SONY COMPUTER ENTERTAINMENT INC.;REEL/FRAME:027437/0369Effective date: 20100401Owner name: SONY NETWORK ENTERTAINMENT PLATFORM INC., JAPANApr 29, 2010FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8May 2, 2006FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Feb 18, 2003CCCertificate of correctionAug 22, 2000ASAssignmentOwner name: SONY COMPUTER ENTERTAINMENT INC., JAPANFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:ONO, AKIHISA;MIURA, KAZUO;REEL/FRAME:011033/0004;SIGNINGDATES FROM 20000725 TO 20000726Owner name: SONY COMPUTER ENTERTAINMENT INC. MINATO-KU 1-1, AKRotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google


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Patent US20060224150 - Temperature regulating patient return electrode and return electrode ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign in<nobr>Advanced Patent Search</nobr>PatentsA temperature regulating patient return electrode and return electrode monitoring system for use in monopolar surgery, includes a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) material disposed on its surface. The PTC material responds to local increases in temperature by increasing local resistance. This quality...http://www.google.com/patents/US20060224150?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US20060224150 - Temperature regulating patient return electrode and return electrode monitoring systemAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS20060224150 A1Publication typeApplicationApplication numberUS 11/395,683Publication dateOct 5, 2006Filing dateMar 31, 2006Priority dateMar 31, 2005Also published asCA2541037A1, EP1707151A2, EP1707151A3, EP1707151B1Publication number11395683, 395683, US 2006/0224150 A1, US 2006/224150 A1, US 20060224150 A1, US 20060224150A1, US 2006224150 A1, US 2006224150A1, US-A1-20060224150, US-A1-2006224150, US2006/0224150A1, US2006/224150A1, US20060224150 A1, US20060224150A1, US2006224150 A1, US2006224150A1InventorsGene Arts, Paul HermesOriginal AssigneeSherwood Services AgExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManReferenced by (12), Classifications (10), Legal Events (2) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetTemperature regulating patient return electrode and return electrode monitoring systemUS 20060224150 A1Abstract A temperature regulating patient return electrode and return electrode monitoring system for use in monopolar surgery, includes a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) material disposed on its surface. The PTC material responds to local increases in temperature by increasing local resistance. This quality decreases the probability of a patient burn as a result of monopolar surgery. The return electrode monitoring system includes a generator for generating current; an active electrode coupled to the generator for supplying the current to a patient; and a return electrode coupled to the generator with a surface for receiving the current from the patient and returning the current to the generator. A positive temperature coefficient (PTC) material is disposed on the return electrode for regulating the temperature over the surface of the return electrode. Images(8) Claims(27)
1. An electrosurgical return electrode for use in monopolar surgery comprising: a conductive pad having a top surface and a bottom surface, wherein a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) material is disposed on the conductive pad. 2. The electrosurgical return electrode of claim 1, wherein the PTC material coats at least one of the top surface or bottom surface. 3. The electrosurgical return electrode of claim 1, wherein the pad includes at least two layers. 4. The electrosurgical return electrode of claim 3, wherein at least one of the at least two layers is a PTC material. 5. The electrosurgical return electrode of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the top surface of the pad defines a patient contacting surface. 6. The electrosurgical return electrode of claim 5, wherein the patient contacting surface is substantially covered with the PTC material. 7. The electrosurgical return electrode of claim 5, further comprising an adhesive material disposed on the patient contacting surface. 8. The electrosurgical return electrode of claim 1, wherein the return electrode includes a plurality of pads. 9. The electrosurgical return electrode of claim 8, wherein an individual wire is coupled to each pad and is configured to determine one of a resistance and impedance between any two individual wires. 10. The electrosurgical return electrode of claim 1, wherein the PTC material is selected from the group consisting of a polymer/carbon based material, a cermet based material, a polymer material, a ceramic material, a dielectric material, and any combinations thereof. 11. The electrosurgical return electrode of claim 7, wherein the adhesive material is selected from the group consisting of a polyhesive adhesive, a water-insoluble, hydrophilic, pressure-sensitive adhesive, a Z-axis adhesive, and any combinations thereof. 12. A system for eliminating patient burns during monopolar surgery, comprising: a generator configured to generate current; an active electrode adapted to couple to the generator and being configured to supply the current to a patient; and a return electrode adapted to couple to the generator having a surface configured to receive the current from the patient and return the current to the generator, wherein a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) material is disposed on the return electrode and is configured to regulate the temperature over the surface of the return electrode. 13. The system for eliminating patient burns of claim 12, further comprising a temperature regulation device disposed in the generator configured to regulate temperature at least of the return electrode. 14. The system for eliminating patient burns of claim 12, further comprising a temperature monitoring device disposed in the generator configured to monitor temperature at the return electrode. 15. The system for eliminating patient burns of claim 14, further comprising a generator disabling device configured to disable the generator when the temperature of the return electrode reaches a predetermined value. 16. The system for eliminating patient burns of claim 12, wherein the generator includes a device configured to monitor at least one of a temperature and a contact quality of the return electrode. 17. The system for eliminating patient burns of claim 12, wherein the PTC material is configured to regulate current density at the return electrode. 18. The system for eliminating patient burns of claim 12, wherein the return electrode includes a plurality of pads. 19. The system for eliminating patient burns of claim 18, wherein an individual wire is coupled to each pad of the plurality of pads and configured to determine a parameter between any two individual wires. 20. The system for eliminating patient burns of claim 19, wherein the parameter is selected from the group consisting of power, resistance, impedance, and any combination thereof. 21. A method for eliminating patient burns while performing monopolar surgery, the method comprising the steps of: placing a return electrode with a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) material in contact with a patient; generating electrosurgical energy; and supplying the electrosurgical energy to the patient via an active electrode; wherein the PTC material on the return electrode regulates the temperature over the return electrode by responding to increases in localized temperature with a local increase in resistance, thereby spreading the temperature over the surface of the electrode. 22. An electrosurgical system comprising: a generator having at least a processor disposed therein, the electrosurgical generator being configured to supply electrosurgical energy to tissue; a supply electrode adapted to connect to the generator configured to supply the electrosurgical energy to the tissue; a return electrode adapted to connect to the generator and configured to return the electrosurgical energy to the generator, said return electrode including an impedance sensor being configured to measure impedance values between a plurality of return electrode portions and output the impedance values to the at least one processor for determination of a contact reading, the processor operable to compare the contact reading to a stored threshold reading to determine a degree of adherence of the return electrode on the patient. 23. The electrosurgical system of claim 22, wherein said processor adjusts radiofrequency energy to the patient when said contact reading reaches a threshold value. 24. The electrosurgical system of claim 22, wherein the return electrode has a PTC layer. 25. The electrosurgical system of claim 24, wherein the PTC layer is a coating, and wherein said coating is disposed over each of the return electrode portions. 26. The electrosurgical system of claim 24, wherein the PTC layer is a substantially continuous coating of parallel resistors. 27. The electrosurgical system of claim 24, further comprising a conductive adhesive layer in contact with the PTC layer, said adhesive layer configured to maintain contact between the plurality of return electrode portions and the patient.
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATIONS The instant patent application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/666,798 to Arts, et al., filed on Mar. 31, 2005, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
BACKGROUND 1. Technical Field The present disclosure is directed to electrosurgical apparatus and systems, and, in particular, to a temperature regulating patient return electrode and a return electrode monitoring system for use in electrosurgery. 2. Description of the Related Art During electrosurgery, a source or active electrode delivers energy, such as radio frequency energy, from an electrosurgical generator to the patient and a return electrode carries the current back to the electrosurgical generator. In monopolar electrosurgery, the source electrode is typically a hand-held instrument placed by the surgeon at the surgical site and the high current density flow at this electrode creates the desired surgical effect of cutting or coagulating tissue. The patient return electrode is placed at a remote site from the source electrode and is typically in the form of a pad adhesively adhered to the patient. The return electrode has a large patient contact surface area to minimize heating at that site since the smaller the surface area, the greater the current density and the greater the intensity of the heat. That is, the area of the return electrode that is adhered to the patient is important because it is the current density of the electrical signal that heats the tissue. A larger surface contact area is desirable to reduce heat intensity. The size of return electrodes are based on assumptions of the maximum current seen in surgery and the duty cycle (e.g., the percentage of time the generator is on) during the procedure. The first types of return electrodes were in the form of large metal plates covered with conductive jelly. Later, adhesive electrodes were developed with a single metal foil covered with conductive jelly or conductive adhesive. However, one problem with these adhesive electrodes was that if a portion peeled from the patient, the contact area of the electrode with the patient decreased, thereby increasing the current density at the adhered portion and, in turn, increasing the heat applied to the tissue. This risked burning the patient in the area under the adhered portion of the return electrode if the tissue was heated beyond the point where circulation of blood could cool the skin. To address this problem, split return electrodes and hardware circuits, generically called Return Electrode Contact Quality Monitors (RECQMs), were developed. These split electrodes consist of two separate conductive foils arranged as two halves of a single return electrode. The hardware circuit uses an AC signal between the two electrode halves to measure the impedance therebetween. This impedance measurement is indicative of how well the return electrode is adhered to the patient since the impedance between the two halves is directly related to the area of patient contact. That is, if the electrode begins to peel from the patient, the impedance increases since the contact area of the electrode decreases. Current RECQMs are designed to sense this change in impedance so that when the percentage increase in impedance exceeds a predetermined value or the measured impedance exceeds a threshold level, the electrosurgical generator is shut down to reduce the chances of burning the patient. Although monitoring circuits are effective, they do not take into account the amount of time the current is being delivered or the heat generated at the return electrode. As new surgical procedures continue to be developed that utilize higher current and higher duty cycles, increased heating of tissue under the return electrode will occur. U.S. Pat. No. 4,657,015 discloses a control device for cutting off high frequency current during electrosurgery if the heat buildup in the body tissue exceeds a predetermined value. In the '015 patent, a control electrode is affixed to the body spaced from the active electrode and separate from the neutral (i.e., return) electrode. The control electrode is designed to pick up the voltage existing on the body. The voltage signal is squared, integrated over time and compared to a reference voltage. The high frequency generator is turned off if the voltage value exceeds the reference voltage. The '015 patent does not effectively measure heating under the return electrode since the measurements are calculated by a separate control electrode. The '015 patent even states that the effective surface area of the neutral electrode is not a factor in the heat calculations. U.S. Pat. No. 4,741,334 discloses a control circuit intended to reduce burning of tissue. As in the '015 patent, a separate control electrode is provided to determine the body voltage. The control electrode is spaced from the neutral electrode (i.e., the return electrode) and functions to detect a high frequency body surface voltage. The body surface voltage is converted into DC voltage by a converter and inputted to a comparator for comparison to a reference voltage. The generator is turned off if the body voltage exceeds the reference voltage. The '015 patent also discloses a monitor circuit for testing whether the neutral electrode is in good contact with the body surface of the patient. The comparator compares the body surface voltage detected by the control electrode with a reference voltage derived from the operational voltage of the surgical device. An audible signal is produced when these voltage values reach a predetermined ratio. Similar to the '015 patent, the '334 patent requires an additional electrode, measures voltage instead of current to determine overheating, and does not factor in the amount of time the high frequency energy is being applied. SUMMARY The present disclosure provides a temperature regulating patient return electrode and return electrode temperature monitoring system. The return electrode, for use in monopolar surgery, includes a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) material on, or coating the return electrode. The PTC material responds to increases in localized temperature by increasing local resistance which in turn reduces current flow and lowers the temperature. This quality helps limit the probability of a patient suffering from a burn as a result of monopolar surgery. In several contemplated embodiments, the return electrode is a pad comprised of different layers of material. At least one of the layers is a PTC material, such as a polymer/carbon based material, a cermet based material, a polymer material, a ceramic material, a dielectric material, or any combinations thereof. Another material that can be used for the PTC material is described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,132,426, the contents of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety, and is known as �PolySwitch RTM� made by the Raychem Corporation of California. In one embodiment, a top layer of the return electrode comprises an adhesive material for coming into contact with and adhering to the patient. This layer of adhesive helps to ensure an optimal patient contacting surface area, i.e., the portion of the return electrode that is in contact with the patient. The adhesive can be made of, but is not limited to, a polyhesive adhesive, a Z-axis adhesive, or a water-insoluble, hydrophilic, pressure-sensitive adhesive, as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,699,146 and 4,750,482, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. In one aspect of the present disclosure, the return electrode monitoring system includes a generator for supplying current, a surgical instrument, a cable for transferring current from the generator to the surgical instrument, a return electrode having a PTC material for receiving the current through a patient, and a wire for returning the current from the return electrode back to the generator. A return electrode monitor (REM) may be incorporated into the system to provide temperature monitoring, current monitoring, impedance monitoring, energy monitoring, power monitoring and/or contact quality monitoring for the return electrode. The REM can be part of or attached to the generator with wires connecting the REM to the return electrode. Further, the REM can disable the generator if the temperature of the return electrode reaches or exceeds a predetermined value. In one embodiment, the return electrode is split into at least two parts. In this embodiment, the return electrodes enable various measurements (e.g., temperature, current, contact quality, impedance, etc.) to be taken between the return electrodes. In a related embodiment, the parts of the return electrode can be interlocking, thus providing an increased surface area between the return electrodes. In another embodiment, a plurality of wires is disposed on the return electrode, such that the wires form a grid or matrix pattern. This embodiment enables various measurements (e.g., temperature, current, voltage, etc.) to be calculated at various places on the return electrode by determining the resistance between any two wires. An individual wire may be coupled to each pad of the plurality of pads for determining a resistance or impedance between any two individual wires. Another embodiment of the present disclosure includes an electrosurgical system for eliminating patient burns during monopolar surgery. The system has a generator for generating current, an active electrode coupled to the generator configured to supply the current to a patient; and a return electrode coupled to the generator having a defined surface. The surface is configured to receive the current from the patient and return the current to the generator. A positive temperature coefficient (PTC) material is disposed on the return electrode which regulates the temperature over the surface of the return electrode. The PTC material may be configured to regulate a current density at the return electrode. The PTC layer may be a substantially continuous coating of parallel resistors and alternatively, the PTC layer may have at least four parallel resistors. The electrosurgical system may include a temperature regulation device disposed in the generator for regulating temperature at the return electrode. Alternatively, the electrosurgical system may include a temperature monitoring device disposed in the generator for monitoring temperature at the return electrode and/or a generator disabling device disposed in the generator for disabling the generator when the temperature of the return electrode reaches a predetermined value. A return electrode monitor may also be included for monitoring temperature and/or a contact quality of the return electrode. An individual wire may be coupled to each pad of a plurality of electrode pads and the system is configured to determine a parameter between any two individual wires. The parameter may be selected from the group consisting of power, resistance, impedance, and any combination thereof. A method for eliminating patient burns while performing monopolar surgery is also disclosed. The method includes the steps of: placing a return electrode coated with a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) material in contact with a patient; generating electrosurgical energy; and supplying the electrosurgical energy to the patient via an active electrode. The PTC material coating the return electrode regulates the temperature over the return electrode by responding to increases in localized temperature with a local increase in resistance. This spreads the temperature over the surface of the electrode. Another example of the present disclosure includes an electrosurgical generator having a processor. A supply electrode is connected to the generator and is configured to deliver radiofrequency energy to a patient. A return electrode is connected to a return of the electrosurgical generator. The return electrode has a plurality of return electrode portions and an impedance sensor measures impedance values between the return electrode portions. The sensor outputs the impedance values to the processor to determine a contact reading. The processor compares the contact reading to a stored threshold reading to determine a degree of adherence of the return electrode on the patient. The processor may be configured to adjust or interrupt radiofrequency energy to the patient when the contact reading in indicative of poor adherence of the return electrode on the patient.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The above and other aspects, features, and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent in light of the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which: FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a monopolar electrosurgical system; FIG. 2 is a top plan view of a temperature regulating return electrode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; FIGS. 3 and 3 a are cross-sectional views of a temperature regulating return electrode according to embodiments of the present disclosure; FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a monopolar electrosurgical system including a return electrode monitor (REM); FIG. 5 is a temperature regulating return electrode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; FIG. 5A is a temperature regulating return electrode according to another embodiment of the present disclosure; FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram of a return electrode monitoring system; FIG. 7 is an example of a resistance versus temperature graph for a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) material; and FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of a return electrode with a PTC material and an adhesive layer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION Embodiments of the presently disclosed temperature regulating patient return electrode and return electrode monitoring system will be described herein below with reference to the accompanying drawing figures wherein like reference numerals identify similar or identical elements. In the following description, well-known functions or constructions are not described in detail to avoid obscuring the disclosure in unnecessary detail. Referring initially to FIG. 1, a schematic illustration of a monopolar electrosurgical system 10 is shown. A surgical instrument (e.g., an active electrode) for treating tissue at the surgical site is designated by reference number 12. Electrosurgical energy is supplied to instrument 12 by generator 14 via cable 16 to cut, coagulate, etc. tissue. A return electrode, designated by reference numeral 50, is shown placed under a patient 20 to return the energy from the patient 20 back to the generator 14 via a wire 18. FIGS. 2, 3 and 3 a illustrate various embodiments of return electrode 50 for use in monopolar electrosurgery. Generally, the return electrode 50 is a pad having a top surface and a bottom surface configured to receive current during monopolar electrosurgery. While FIG. 2 depicts the return electrode 50 in a general rectangular shape, it is within the scope of the disclosure for the return electrode 50 to have any regular or irregular shape. Although electrosurgical references to �monopolar electrosurgery� and �bipolar electrosurgery� are made in the context of the application, one should appreciate that these references are simply exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure and form no limitation on the present disclosure. In fact, the present disclosure may extend to and encompass any surgery or diagnostic practices using radiofrequency energy. Generally, the area of the return electrode 50 that is in contact with the patient 20 affects the current density of the signal that heats the tissue. The smaller the contact area the return electrode 50 has with the patient 20, the greater the current density and the greater and more concentrated the heating of tissue. Conversely, the greater the contact area of the return electrode 50, the smaller the current density and the less heating of the tissue. Further, the greater the heating of the tissue, the greater the probability of possibly burning the tissue. Although many other safeguards may be present in the electrosurgical generator to prevent and minimize such risks, it is important to either ensure a relative high amount of contact area between the return electrode 50 and the patient 20, or otherwise maintain a relatively low current density on the return electrode 50. While there are various methods of maintaining a relatively low current density (including, inter alia, the use of electrosurgical return electrode monitors (REMs), such as the one described in commonly-owned U.S. Pat. No. 6,565,559, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety), the present disclosure ensures the return electrode 50 maintains a low current density by distributing the temperature created by the current over the surface of the return electrode 50. Current density at the return electrode 50 is reduced via a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) material 56 disposed on the return electrode 50. As best illustrated in FIG. 3, return electrode 50 includes a conductive body 54 coated with a PTC material 56. It is also within the scope of this disclosure for the return electrode 50 to be comprised of several layers, one or more of which layer being a PTC material 56. The PTC material 56 can be made of, inter alia, polymer/carbon based material, a cermet based material, a polymer material, a ceramic material, a dielectric material, or any combinations thereof, or still alternatively can be made from a polymer/carbon material. An example of such material that can be used for the PTC material is described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,132,426, the contents of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety, and is known as �PolySwitch RTM� made by the Raychem Corporation of California. The PTC material 56 acts to distribute the temperature created by the current over the surface of the return electrode 50 to minimize the risk of patient burns. The PTC material 56 regulates the temperature over the area of the return electrode 50 by responding to increases in temperature with an increase in resistance in localized areas. The increase in resistance reduces the current in the localized area, thus causing the current to conduct more in the areas with lower resistance or lower temperature. Further, as current is applied through the PTC material 56 of return electrode 50, power is dissipated and the temperature is increased. The increase in temperature increases the resistance and limits the current, thus reducing the heating effect. This results in a return electrode 50 with a temperature that is substantially uniform throughout its entire surface and with varying levels of resistance. Consequently, there are no localized �hot spots,� which c an cause patient burns. As the overall temperature increases, consequently increasing the resistance, an REM (return electrode monitoring) circuit can detect and measure such increases and turn off an RF supply when a predetermined temperature has been exceeded. In one embodiment, an adhesive layer 58 may be disposed on the PTC material 56 of return electrode 50, as illustrated in FIG. 3A. The adhesive layer 58 can be made of, but is not limited to, a polyhesive adhesive, a Z-axis adhesive or a water-insoluble, hydrophilic, pressure-sensitive adhesive. The function of the adhesive layer 58 is to ensure an optimal surface contact area between the return electrode 50 and the patient 20 and thus to further limit the possibility and any risks of a patient burn. Return electrode 50 may be also split into a plurality of parts, depicted as two parts 50 a and 50 b in FIG. 5. This embodiment enables various measurements (e.g., temperature, current, contact quality, impedance, etc.) to be taken between the return electrodes 50 a and 50 b. Wires 18 a and 18 b return energy from each part 50 a and 50 b, respectively, of return electrode 50 back to generator 14. Wires 18 a and 18 b can be combined to form a single cable 18 (as illustrated in FIG. 5) or wires 18 a and 18 b can remain as individual wires (not shown) to return energy from return electrode 50 back to generator 14. A split return electrode 50 may be connected to an REM via multiple REM wires (not shown), each being connected to a part, e.g., 50 a or 50 b, of return electrode 50. Referring now to FIG. 4, a schematic illustration of a monopolar electrosurgical system including a return electrode monitor (REM) is shown. In addition to regulating the temperature across the surface of the return electrode 50, the return electrode 50 with the PTC material 56 also acts as a thermistor or monitor for the temperature. This may be accomplished by using an REM circuit 60. The REM circuit 60 has a synchronous detector that supplies an interrogation current sine wave of about 140 kHz across both return electrodes 50 a and 50 b of the return electrode 50 and the patient 20. The REM circuit 60 is isolated from the patient 20 via a transformer. The impedance in the return electrode 50 is reflected back from the patient 20 to the REM circuit 60 via wire 18. The relationship between temperature and impedance can be linear or non-linear. By measuring the resistance across the two return electrodes 50 a and 50 b, the REM circuit 60 is able to monitor the overall temperature at the return electrode 50 and the contact quality of the return electrode 50. The relationship between temperature and resistance can also be linear or non-linear (an illustration of a non-linear relationship is depicted in FIG. 7). In this embodiment, the generator 14 would be disabled when the total increase in resistance or temperature of the return electrode 50 reaches a predetermined value. Alternatively, there may be several threshold values, such that when a first threshold is exceeded, the output power of the generator is reduced and, when a subsequent second threshold value is exceeded, the generator 14 is shutdown. This embodiment can be adapted to provide temperature regulation (achievable utilizing a PTC coating), temperature monitoring, current monitoring and contact quality monitoring for the return electrode 50, thus greatly reducing the probability of a patient burn. In one embodiment, a plurality of wires 18 a-18 f may be disposed on the return electrode 50, such that the wires are spaced to substantially form a grid or matrix pattern, as illustrated in FIG. 5A. In this embodiment, several measurements can be calculated at various places on the return electrode 50 by determining the resistance between any two wires, e.g., wires 18 a and 18 b. Each square portion 50 a, 50 b, etc. of return electrode 50 may have a wire 18 coupled to it, but only wires 18 a-18 f are shown for clarity. This embodiment can also be adapted to provide temperature regulation, temperature monitoring, current monitoring and contact quality monitoring for the return electrode 50, thus greatly reducing the probability of a patient burn. Now referring to FIG. 6, a schematic view of an electrosurgical generator 14 incorporating an REM circuit is shown. The electrosurgical generator 14 includes a microprocessor 26, an RF output stage 24 for generating an output voltage and output current for transmission to the surgical instrument 12, and an impedance sensor 40 for measuring the impedance between the split pads 50 a and 50 b of the return electrode 50 to determine the degree of adherence of the return electrode 50. The REM circuit measures the total resistance of the return electrode 50. When the overall temperature on either or both return electrodes 50 a or 50 b is increased, the PTC coating increases the resistance. The REM circuit measures the temperature increase and thus inhibits the output of the generator 14. The REM circuit also measures the resistance and inhibits the output of the generator 14 if the patient impedance increases due to the return electrode 50 becoming partially or completely removed from the patient 20. The return electrode 50 with a PTC layer 56 is schematically illustrated in FIG. 8. The PTC layer 56 is shown placed over each of the two return electrodes 50 a and 50 b. The PTC material 56 is a layer of a continuous coating of parallel resistors, illustrated as four resistors per return electrode 50 for clarity. A conductive adhesive layer 58 is shown above the PTC material 56 and is configured to maintain contact between the return electrode 50 and the patient 20 and for conducting RF energy back to the generator 14. The return electrodes 50 a and 50 b enable the patient impedance to be measured. The patient impedance is in a series connection with the two return electrodes 50 a and 50 b and the PTC material 56. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 6 with a split return electrode 50, an impedance sensor 40 may form part of the return electrode circuit. The impedance sensor 40 measures the impedance between the return electrodes 50 a and 50 b to determine the degree of adherence of the return electrode 50. That is, if a portion of the return electrode 50 becomes detached from the patient 20, the impedance will increase. The impedance sensor 40 transmits a signal indicative of the measured impedance to an input port of the microprocessor 26. An algorithm stored in a memory or in the microprocessor 26 factors in the impedance measurement when determining whether to adjust or terminate a power supply. While several embodiments of the disclosure have been shown in the drawings, it is not intended that the disclosure be limited thereto, as it is intended that the disclosure be as broad in scope as the art will allow and that the specification be read likewise. Therefore, the above description should not be construed as limiting, but merely as exemplifications of preferred embodiments. Referenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS7909819 *Sep 1, 2006Mar 22, 2011Applied Medical Resources CorporationMonopolar electrosurgical return electrodeUS8172835Jun 24, 2008May 8, 2012Cutera, Inc.Subcutaneous electric field distribution system and methodsUS8211097Feb 13, 2009Jul 3, 2012Cutera, Inc.Optimizing RF power spatial distribution using frequency controlUS8382749 *Jul 17, 2012Feb 26, 2013Covidien LpTemperature monitoring return electrodeUS8454591Apr 6, 2012Jun 4, 2013Cutera, Inc.Subcutaneous electric field distribution system and methodsUS8562599May 25, 2012Oct 22, 2013Cutera, Inc.Treatment apparatus with frequency controlled treatment depthEP1920725A2Nov 7, 2007May 14, 2008Covidien AGIn-line vessel sealer and dividerEP1977710A1 *Apr 2, 2008Oct 8, 2008Tyco Healthcare Group, LPSystem and method for providing even heat distribution and cooling return padsEP1977711A2 *Apr 2, 2008Oct 8, 2008Tyco Healthcare Group, LPSystem and method for providing even heat distribution and cooling return padsEP1994905A1 *May 6, 2008Nov 26, 2008Covidien AGCapacitive electrosurgical return pad with contact quality monitoringEP2371317A1 *Apr 2, 2008Oct 5, 2011Tyco Healthcare Group, LPSystem and method for providing even heat distribution and cooling return padsWO2011094041A1 *Jan 6, 2011Aug 4, 2011Medtronic Ablation Frontiers LlcPatient return electrode detection for ablation system* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification606/32International ClassificationA61B18/16Cooperative ClassificationA61B2018/00791, A61B2017/00084, A61B18/16, A61B2017/00026, A61B18/1233, A61N1/0408, A61N1/0492European ClassificationA61B18/16Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionJun 9, 2014ASAssignmentFree format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:SHERWOOD SERVICES AG;REEL/FRAME:033054/0976Effective date: 20070309Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:COVIDIEN AG;REEL/FRAME:033054/0992Owner name: TYCO HEALTHCARE GROUP AG, SWITZERLANDOwner name: COVIDIEN AG, SWITZERLANDFree format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:TYCO HEALTHCARE GROUP AG;REEL/FRAME:033055/0011Effective date: 20081215Mar 31, 2006ASAssignmentOwner name: SHERWOOD SERVICES AG, SWITZERLANDFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:ARTS, GENE H.;HERMES, PAUL;REEL/FRAME:017757/0509;SIGNING DATES FROM 20060328 TO 20060331RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google

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The effect of carbon monoxide inhalation on pulse oximetry and transcutaneous PO2. - PubMed - NCBI
AbstractFormatSummarySummary (text)AbstractAbstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListApplySend to:Choose DestinationFileClipboardCollectionsE-mailOrderMy BibliographyCitation managerFormatSummary (text)Abstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListCSVCreate File1 selected item: 3578881FormatSummarySummary (text)AbstractAbstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListMeSH and Other DataE-mailSubjectAdditional textE-mailDidn't get the message? Find out why...Add to ClipboardAdd to CollectionsOrder articlesAdd to My BibliographyGenerate a file for use with external citation management software.Create File
See comment in PubMed Commons belowAnesthesiology. 1987 May;66(5):677-9.The effect of carbon monoxide inhalation on pulse oximetry and transcutaneous PO2.Barker SJ, Tremper KK.AbstractFive dogs were anesthetized, intubated, and ventilated with various mixtures of oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon monoxide. Each dog was monitored with arterial and pulmonary artery catheters, a transcutaneous PO2 analyzer, and two pulse oximeters. An IL-282 Co-oximeter was used to periodically measure arterial oxyhemoglobin (O2Hb) and carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) as percentages of the total hemoglobin. The PaO2, PaCO2, and pHa were measured in the same blood specimens using standard electrodes. When the inspired oxygen concentration was reduced in the absence of COHb, the pulse oximeter saturation (SpO2) estimated O2Hb with reasonable accuracy. COHb levels were then varied slowly from 0-75% in each dog. As the COHb level increased and oxyhemoglobin decreased, both pulse oximeters continued to read an oxygen saturation of greater than 90%, while the actual O2Hb fell below 30%. In the presence of COHb, the SpO2 is approximately the sum of COHb and O2Hb, and, thus, may seriously overestimate O2Hb. The pulse oximeter, as the sole indicator of blood oxygenation, should, therefore, be used with caution in patients with recent carbon monoxide exposure. On the other hand, transcutaneous PO2 falls linearly as COHb increases, and reaches about one-fifth of its initial value at the highest COHb levels despite the maintenance of constant arterial PO2.Comment inCarboxyhemoglobin and pulse oximetry. [Anesthesiology. 1990]PMID: 3578881 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] ShareMeSH Terms, SubstancesMeSH TermsAnimalsBlood Gas Monitoring, Transcutaneous*Carbon Monoxide/pharmacology*Carboxyhemoglobin/analysisDogsOximetry*Oxyhemoglobins/analysisSubstancesOxyhemoglobinsCarbon MonoxideCarboxyhemoglobinLinkOut - more resourcesFull Text SourcesSilverchair Information SystemsOvid Technologies, Inc.Other Literature SourcesCOS Scholar UniverseAccess more work from the authors - ResearchGateMolecular Biology DatabasesCARBON MONOXIDE - HSDBPubMed Commons home

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Lawyer of man who confessed to Norway killings says client claims he is part of international network and may be insane
Mark Townsend and Helen Pidd in Oslo
Tue 26 Jul 2011 08.54 EDT First published on Tue 26 Jul 2011 08.54 EDT
The lawyer defending Anders Behring Breivik, the suspect behind Norway's terror attacks, said on Tuesday he had concluded his client was most likely "insane" and he was baffled that he had asked him to represent him.
Geir Lippestad, a member of the Labour party whose youth wing (AUF) Breivik targeted, killing more than 60 during a massacre on Utøya island, said he would cease representing him if the suspect refused to agree to psychological tests.
Describing Brievik as a "very cold" person, Lippestad added: "This whole case has indicated that he is insane." He said defending the man who had confessed to carrying out the attacks was a job that had to be done to preserve the integrity of the Norwegian legal system, but did not understand why the killer had chosen him.
Speaking to reporters, Lippestad also said Breivik had shared more details on his connections to far-right cells including a number outside the country.
The focus continues to intensify on links between UK far-right groups and Brievik with London, the city where the suspect launched his organisation to "save Europe from Muslim takeover".
Lipestad added: "He talks about two cells in Norway, but several cells abroad." Noregian police sources, however, have cast doubt on such claims.
It was also established that Monday's court appearance was closed to the public and media over police concerns Breivik would attempt to send signals to other cells.
Meanwhile, Norway's justice minister, Knut Storberget, has attempted to quell criticism of the police operation following the attacks, praising their work as "fantastic". Within hours, Breivik's lawyer had revealed that the suspect was surprised that he wasn't stopped earlier during the two attacks.
As prosecutors indicated they were exploring the possibility of charging Breivik with crimes against humanity – which carries a sentence of 30 years compared to the current maximum of 21 – the inquest into a series of failings dominated much of the debate in Norway.
Among a set of unanswered concerns are why the Norwegian intelligence arm placed Breivik on a watch list after buying fertiliser in Poland that may have been used to build the Oslo bomb but then took no action.
Such was the device's ferocity that Storberget revealed that employees from his department remain missing in the ruins of the capital's government building. Further north at the scene of Friday's massacre, police said that 50 officers continue to comb the nearby waters for victims.
With the current death toll likely to grow, an official list confirming the majority of identities could be released by police shortly. Police say they have been averaging 20 postmortems a day since the attacks. Brievik's lawyer said his client was neither aware of the number he had killed or the strength of public revulsion following the atrocities.
Lippestad said that the suspect had asked him how many he had killed. The lawyer also added that the 32-year-old hated anyone who did not share extremist views.
As Norway waits for confirmation of those who died, attention continues to focus upon how Breivik, despite saying he had been planning the attacks since 2009, managed to evade Norway's security agencies and carry out the twin attacks.
It has emerged that as long ago as 2006 security concerns were raised that the main street running through the centre of Norway's government district, where the device was detonated, should be closed.
The Utøya massacre has also exposed the country's lack of emergency air response, forcing officers to drive to the island as the killings went on. The one helicopter available to Norwegian special forces was 42 miles away and, according to local reports, could not be flown in time due to Norway's "holiday season".
The setbacks meant armed teams took more than an hour to reach Utøya island. Norwegian media have also carried claims that ambulances on the way to the island to help the wounded were held up as police attempted to secure the area.
Amid a flurry of fresh claims that pointed to links between the suspect and the English Defence League, further details on the pan-European nature of the attacks emerged with reports that Breivik travelled to Karlstad in Sweden, to pick up 150kg of aluminium to apparently give the Oslo device more power.
On Tuesday, a Danish businessman revealed that he had discussed methods of creating explosions with Breivik. In an interview with the Danish newspaper Ekstra Bladet, Glenn Jensen said he had met the gunman several times over the past five or six years.
Jensen, who ran a construction company and had legitimate knowledge of demolitions, said the conversation did not seem abnormal because "men and boys are interested in gunpowder and bullets and fast cars".
Further details on how Breivik may have funded the attacks have also surfaced. One local claim suggested Breivik was initially intent on raising money on the stock market to establish a European anti-Islam group, before later helping fund the attacks by applying for 25 different credit cards.
Breivik has admitted to carrying out last Friday's attacks but has pleaded not guilty, explaining to Oslo prosecutors that he "is happy" with the death toll.
His one regret, it seems, is not being able to kill the former prime minister Gro Harlem Brundtland. The former PM gave a talk to young people gathered on Utøya Island but had left before Breivik arrived on a ferry, dressed as a policeman. Brundtland has dismissed being one of Breivik's principal targets as unimportant.
She said: "The image of this tragedy for me is the wonderful young people I spoke to in the hall [on Utøya]."
She said she had met seven young girls, all planning to stand for the first time in elections in autumn. "They asked for advice and I told them to be themselves," she said. "Now one of those girls has disappeared."
On Monday, Brundtland led thousands on a candleliit vigil through the centre of Oslo as the city expressed a compelling defiance that it would not be cowed by extremism. Urged to carry a rose to express their solidarity, by midnight the city was smothered in piles of the flowers with car windscreens, including police vans, covered in wreaths.

value: This website is a British news and media website owned by the Guardian Media Group. It contains nearly all of the content of the newspapers The Guardian and The Observer, as well as a substantial body of web-only work produced by its own staff, including a rolling news service.


text:
Umbrellas Better Homes & Gardens Patio Umbrellas - Walmart.com
Generated at Tue, 23 Apr 2019 09:37:11 GMT
Electrode, Comp-406229938, DC-prod-cdc02, ENV-prod-a, PROF-PROD, VER-18.4.5-rc-1, SHA-1d465de19fada6e2cc82b85d39c4dfa2e170a853, CID-843682fd-e76-16a498e6bb225e, Generated: Tue, 23 Apr 2019 09:37:11 GMT
© 2019 Walmart. All Rights Reserved. To ensure we are able to help you as best we can, please include your reference number: DJV5XS2ZTH
Electrode, Comp-406233865, DC-prod-cdc03, ENV-prod-a, PROF-PROD, VER-18.4.5-rc-1, SHA-1d465de19fada6e2cc82b85d39c4dfa2e170a853, CID-927aa5a1-0f2-16a498e6bae4a9, Generated: Tue, 23 Apr 2019 09:37:11 GMT
Electrode, Comp-457408085, DC-prod-cdc6, ENV-prod-a, PROF-PROD, VER-8.12.1, SHA-b3cb8446fe3e1573f103f187f35f1a357ce9b788, CID-a1126ada-3a0-16a498e6ba62a8, Generated: Tue, 23 Apr 2019 09:37:11 GMT

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text:
great flicks on Pinterest
15 Pins 316 Followers Follow Board
Captain Phillips (2013) Directed by Paul Greengrass. Starring: Tom Hanks, Barkhad Abdi, Barkhad Abdirahman and Catherine Keener.
The Book Thief by Markus Zusak: Margaret A Edwards Award for lifetime achievement 2014
Wicked! :) great play!
That day, she was amazed to discover that when he was saying "As you wish", what he meant was, "I love you." And even more amazing was the day she realized she truly loved him back. (William Goldman's The Princess Bride)
Hook - Dustin Hoffman was fantastic.....loved the food fights with the lost boys......
Just keep swimming, swimming, swimming, what do we do, we swim..
"A dream is a wish your heart makes/when you're fast asleep/in dreams you lose your heartaches/whatever you wish for, you keep
people.setonhill.edu
Mary Poppins! - (and the love for this one has carried on to my daughter!)

value: This website is an image sharing and social media service designed to enable saving and discovery of information  on the internet using images, and on a smaller scale, animated GIFs and videos, in the form of pinboards. The site was created by Ben Silbermann, Paul Sciarra, and Evan Sharp, and had over 478 million global monthly active users as of March 2021.


text:
Patent US7099924 - Remote administration function in a telecommunication system - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsIn a telecommunication system having a remote administration function, a virtual terminal having the properties of a terminal with administration authorization is defined. The data stream to and from the virtual terminal being diverted to a remote computer connected to the telecommunication system....http://www.google.com/patents/US7099924?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7099924 - Remote administration function in a telecommunication systemAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS7099924 B1Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 09/272,075Publication dateAug 29, 2006Filing dateMar 18, 1999Priority dateMar 18, 1998Fee statusPaidAlso published asDE19811841A1, DE19811841C2, EP0944223A2, EP0944223A3, EP0944223B1Publication number09272075, 272075, US 7099924 B1, US 7099924B1, US-B1-7099924, US7099924 B1, US7099924B1InventorsAndreas Henniger, Frank Schnapka, J�rgen SchwartzeOriginal AssigneeSiemens AktiengesellschaftExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (16), Referenced by (3), Classifications (8), Legal Events (5) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetRemote administration function in a telecommunication system
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS5329570 *Dec 3, 1992Jul 12, 1994At&T Bell LaboratoriesCopy protection of software for use in a private branch exchange switchUS5568487 *Nov 28, 1994Oct 22, 1996Bull, S.A.Process for automatic conversion for porting telecommunications applications from the TCP/IP network to the OSI-CO network, and module used in this processUS5689550 *Aug 8, 1994Nov 18, 1997Voice-Tel Enterprises, Inc.Interface enabling voice messaging systems to interact with communications networksUS5740365May 23, 1995Apr 14, 1998Siemens AktiengesellschaftPersonal service computer directly connected to communication systems having program structure for generating administration and maintenance instructions and communicating those instructions to respective communication systemUS5870454 *Apr 1, 1997Feb 9, 1999Telefonaktiebolaget L M EricssonTelecommunications speech/text conversion and message delivery systemUS5889845 *Nov 1, 1996Mar 30, 1999Data Race, Inc.System and method for providing a remote user with a virtual presence to an officeUS5933778 *Jun 4, 1996Aug 3, 1999At&T Wireless Services Inc.Method and apparatus for providing telecommunication services based on a subscriber profile updated by a personal information managerUS6052456 *Dec 23, 1997Apr 18, 2000Alcatel Usa Sourcing, L.P.Graphical shelf navigator for a telecommunications switch management systemUS6185290 *Jan 4, 2000Feb 6, 2001Murex Securities, Ltd.One number, intelligent call processing systemUS6199160 *Apr 6, 1994Mar 6, 2001International Business Machines CorporationComputer system and method for performing multiple tasksUS6249571 *Oct 30, 1998Jun 19, 2001North Coast Logic, Inc.Telemanagement system with modular features and database synchronizationUS6327355 *Jan 29, 1999Dec 4, 2001Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ)Use of platform-independent code for supporting services in an intelligent networkUS6587124 *Mar 22, 1999Jul 1, 2003Virtual Access Ireland Ltd.Apparatus and method for generating configuration data for a device to access a serviceUS6601065 *Dec 21, 2000Jul 29, 2003Cisco Technology, Inc.Method and apparatus for accessing a database through a networkDE4441357A1Nov 21, 1994Aug 17, 1995Siemens Ag AlbisVerfahren zum �bermitteln von Daten zwischen FernmeldenebenstellenanlagenEP0644483A1Sep 14, 1993Mar 22, 1995International Business Machines CorporationComputer system and method for performing multiple tasks* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS20040139189 *Jan 7, 2004Jul 15, 2004Nokia CorporationProtocol based terminal authoritiesUS20060047746 *Aug 16, 2005Mar 2, 2006Freeny Charles CSplit personal computer systemUS20060069657 *Nov 16, 2005Mar 30, 2006Freeny Charles C JrMultiple customer and multiple location PC service provider system* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification709/217, 709/224, 709/220, 709/201International ClassificationH04M3/22, G06F15/16Cooperative ClassificationH04M3/22European ClassificationH04M3/22Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionApr 28, 2005ASAssignmentOwner name: SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, GERMANYFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:HENNIGER, ANDREAS;SCHNAPKA, FRANK;SCHWARTZE, JURGEN;REEL/FRAME:016501/0396;SIGNING DATES FROM 19990419 TO 19990525Feb 18, 2010FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Sep 14, 2012ASAssignmentOwner name: SIEMENS ENTERPRISE COMMUNICATIONS GMBH & CO. KG, GFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT;REEL/FRAME:028967/0427Effective date: 20120523Feb 24, 2014FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Jun 13, 2014ASAssignmentOwner name: UNIFY GMBH & CO. KG, GERMANYFree format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:SIEMENS ENTERPRISE COMMUNICATIONS GMBH & CO. KG;REEL/FRAME:033156/0114Effective date: 20131021RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services


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Related Articles by Review for PubMed (Select 14680175) - PubMed - NCBI
Format: SummarySort by: LinkFormatSummarySummary (text)AbstractAbstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListSort byLinkPublication DateFirst AuthorLast AuthorJournalTitleApplySend toChoose DestinationFileClipboardCollectionsE-mailOrderMy BibliographyCitation managerFormatSummary (text)Abstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListCSVSort byLinkPublication DateFirst AuthorLast AuthorJournalTitleCreate FileRelated Articles by Review for PubMed (Select 14680175)FormatSummarySummary (text)AbstractAbstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListMeSH and Other DataSort byLinkPublication DateFirst AuthorLast AuthorJournalTitleE-mailSubjectAdditional textE-mailDidn't get the message? Find out why...Add to ClipboardAdd to CollectionsOrder articlesAdd to My BibliographyGenerate a file for use with external citation management software.Create File
Select item 146801751.Uniqueness and wavelength optimization in continuous-wave multispectral diffuse optical tomography.Corlu A, Durduran T, Choe R, Schweiger M, Hillman EM, Arridge SR, Yodh AG.Opt Lett. 2003 Dec 1;28(23):2339-41.PMID: 14680175 Similar articles Select item 169297682.[Progress in tissue optical imaging].Luo QM, Zeng SQ, Li PC, Gong H.Zhongguo Yi Liao Qi Xie Za Zhi. 2006 May;30(3):157-62. Review. Chinese. PMID: 16929768 Similar articles Select item 184352923.[The theory and research of near-infrared optical tomography].Li W, Qian Z, Wang H.Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi. 2008 Feb;25(1):208-11. Review. Chinese. PMID: 18435292 Similar articles Select item 111911074.Developments toward diagnostic breast cancer imaging using near-infrared optical measurements and fluorescent contrast agents.Hawrysz DJ, Sevick-Muraca EM.Neoplasia. 2000 Sep-Oct;2(5):388-417. Review.PMID: 11191107 Free PMC ArticleSimilar articles Supplemental Content


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Restaurant has some decent cuisines to offer - Review of Ibis Birmingham Airport - NEC - TripAdvisor
Restaurant has some decent cuisines to offer - Review of Ibis Birmingham Airport - NEC
“The room was good the bathroom "pod" a bit...”
“The room was basic but sufficient, and given that...”
“All was perfect until the restaurant”
“Bar/restaurant area is well laid out and the food...”
“And we got a great deal of parking at APH in Hams...”
“The desk staff were polite enough but I'd done...”
“Restaurant offered food at better prices than in...”
Search Europe›United Kingdom (UK)›England›West Midlands›Birmingham›Birmingham Hotels›Ibis Birmingham Airport - NEC
“Good place if you have morning flight to take”
See the most recent reviews ashtiw
7 helpful votes “Good place if you have morning flight to take”
Stayed at the hotel because I had to take morning flight out of Birmingham. Strategically located (Opposite to the international terminal used by Lufthansa). Restaurant has some decent cuisines to offer. Many brands of low alcohol beverage available on tap as well as in bottles. Complementary wafer at the bar counter. Room door is not sound proof and you can hear people checked-in late night and walking/chatting by your door. Wi-fi was poor and did not connect. Shower glass door bulky on flimsy hinges (felt risky). Good breakfast. Some of the staff members were new; had some issues during check-in/out. OK for money paid (already had low expectations because stayed earlier at Novotel next door).
Room Tip: Check if you can get room away from common passage
Helpful? Thank ashtiw Report Ask ashtiw about Ibis Birmingham Airport - NEC
Thank you for taking the time to write a review about your recent visit at Ibis Birmingham Airport. I was delighted to hear that you enjoyed our restaurant and breakfast facilities, however at the same time I was very disappointed to hear about your issue with WIFI.We have 100% WIFI cover all over the hotel, which is normally a very fast and reliable connection. I can only apologies if this system was not sufficiently effective on this occasion.I was also very sorry to hear of the disturbance you experienced as the result of the inconsiderate behavior of other guests in the hotel. We do encourage our guest to be respectful and considerate of each other, though you will appreciate that it is not always possible to control the behavior of others.Thank you once again for your feedback, which is invaluable in our efforts to assess and continually improve upon the quality of our service. I hope we will have a pleasure of welcoming you back to Ibis Birmingham Airport in the near future. Kind regards,Carlos VieiraGeneral Manager
Traveler tips help you choose the right room. Room tips (199) 1,758 reviews sorted by:
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This was our second stay at the Ibis for our annual visit to Horse of the Year Show at NEC, and once again no complaints at all! Rooms are clean, beds are very comfortable, good shower, and it's really easy and quick getting to and from the NEC. Check in and out were easy and quick, and if you keep the window closed there's NO noise from the airport (our room was right beside the Skyrail, and we couldn't hear it at all). We didn't eat at the hotel, so can't comment on the restaurant. Would we stay again? ... We've already booked for next year!
Helpful? Thank Toberelf Report Ask Toberelf about Ibis Birmingham Airport - NEC
This review is the subjective opinion of a TripAdvisor member and not of TripAdvisor LLC. Toberelf has 1 more review of Ibis Birmingham Airport - NEC “Comfortable, clean and efficient”
Thank you for your great feedback. We are all working very hard to provide our guest with the best service and it is very rewarding and motivational when we learn that our efforts have been recognised. We looking forward to welcoming you back again at Ibis Birmingham Airport. Kind regards,Carlos VieiraGeneral Manager
16 helpful votes “Good Location. Service could be much improved”
Helpful? Thank grizzly147 Report Ask grizzly147 about Ibis Birmingham Airport - NEC
I’m sorry to hear that you didn’t find the service at our hotel up to your expectations. We pride ourselves on our staff training, so this is something I will be looking into personally. I hope we will have the pleasure of welcoming you back to Ibis in the future.Kind regards,Carlos VieiraGeneral Manager
39 helpful votes “Very handy to aiport!”
Best decision we made was to stay at Ibis Hotel when leaving on early morning AerLingus flight to New York. The hotel was easy to find when entering the airport and it was only a five minutes walk to our terminal which was just as well since we had lots of luggage. It meant we could arrive before the crowds and then go have a coffee somewhere. The hotel room was compact but comfortable and had ensuite and was very quiet considering the location!Staff are friendly and helpful and there is a small restaurant on premises which served breakfast from very early in morning. We made the mistake of paying in advance so we could just leave early but then had to return to buy internet and phone time as these were not included.
Helpful? Thank arrietty01 Report Ask arrietty01 about Ibis Birmingham Airport - NEC
Thank you for taking the time to tell us about your recent stay at the Ibis Birmingham Airport. I was really pleased to hear how convenient you found our location and dining facilities. I hope we can welcome you back in the near future.Best regards,Carlos VieiraGeneral Manager
270 helpful votes “High Standard Hotel Ideally Located for Airport”
Helpful? Thank JBG1 Report Ask JBG1 about Ibis Birmingham Airport - NEC
This review is the subjective opinion of a TripAdvisor member and not of TripAdvisor LLC. JBG1 has 1 more review of Ibis Birmingham Airport - NEC “Good Value for £49 a room”
It was pleasure to have you as our guest. We would like to take this opportunity to thank you for your positive comments and we hope to see you again soon at Ibis Birmingham Airport. Kind regards,Carlos VieiraGeneral Manager
Level Contributor 2 reviews 5 helpful votes “Great place for an airport trip”
Stayed here after arriving back on a midnight charter flight. Was still a warm and helpful welcome despite it being the middle of the night.Was pretty nice for an Ibis hotel - the decor seemed less bare and industrial than some of the one's I've stayed in. The bathroom was the usual Ibis fare. All clean and lovely.The bed was REALLY comfortable - and just what I needed after a long flight. All in all a great place to stay at a very reasonable price.The worst bit about the place was how badly signposted it was from the airport - it took a bit of discovery (and going the wrong way round the building) to find the place. This is a bit annoying considering this must be the main way that that people come to the place. But that is probably the airport's issue, more than the hotel itself (though would have been nice to have directions from the airport on the hotel's website).
Thank JP M Report Ask JP M about Ibis Birmingham Airport - NEC
Thank you for posting your thoughts on here, we really value your feedback. I look forward to welcoming you back at Ibis Birmingham Airport.Kind regards,Carlos VieiraGeneral Manager
33 helpful votes “Staying at the Ibis”
We stayed at the Ibis Hotel at Birmingham Airport for two nights, one before flying and one on return.The hotel is very close to the Airport and so convenient. Just 3 mins walk. The rooms are small but comfortable and very clean. The 'pod' bathrooms are clean and functional if a littlesmall. The breakfast was excellent and reasonably priced. The beds and duvets were snugand overall it was a good choice for us.Tip:- If you are arriving by train - take the monorail to the airport - just a few minutes awayand you pass the hotel on your left. This is easier than walking to the hotel via various car parks.
Helpful? Thank june j Report Ask june j about Ibis Birmingham Airport - NEC
This review is the subjective opinion of a TripAdvisor member and not of TripAdvisor LLC. june j has 1 more review of Ibis Birmingham Airport - NEC “A stop over at Birmingham Airport”
Thank you for choosing Ibis Birmingham Airport for your recent stay. We have read your comments about the hotel and we greatly appreciate that you took the time to write them, as our guests’ satisfaction is our main priority. Best regards,Carlos VieiraGeneral Manager
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Explore similar hotels Novotel Birmingham Airport 2,304 ReviewsShow Prices 0.1 miles Hotel ibis budget Birmingham Airport 1,617 ReviewsShow Prices 0.0 miles Ibis Styles Birmingham Airport NEC 1,376 ReviewsShow Prices 0.2 miles See all Birmingham hotels Browse nearby

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