text:
Patent US6435171 - Air-fuel ratio control apparatus - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsThe present invention increases the frequency of the LAF sensor deterioration determination in the case that air-fuel ratio control is being carried out while the deterioration of the LAF sensor is being monitored. When the monitor conditions are no longer satisfied during the deterioration determination...http://www.google.com/patents/US6435171?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6435171 - Air-fuel ratio control apparatusAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS6435171 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 09/736,400Publication dateAug 20, 2002Filing dateDec 15, 2000Priority dateDec 20, 1999Fee statusLapsedAlso published asUS20010003981Publication number09736400, 736400, US 6435171 B2, US 6435171B2, US-B2-6435171, US6435171 B2, US6435171B2InventorsShinichi Kitajima, Atsushi Matsubara, Asao Ukai, Hideyuki TakahashiOriginal AssigneeHonda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki KaishaExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (5), Classifications (13), Legal Events (5) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetAir-fuel ratio control apparatus
US 6435171 B2Abstract
The present invention increases the frequency of the LAF sensor deterioration determination in the case that air-fuel ratio control is being carried out while the deterioration of the LAF sensor is being monitored. When the monitor conditions are no longer satisfied during the deterioration determination of the LAF sensor (as shown in (a) and (b) of FIG. 6), the LAF prohibition timer is operated (as shown in (c) of FIG. 6), and switching to a lean burn is prohibited for a predetermined time interval (for example, 7 seconds), and in addition, after the LAF sensor deterioration determination has completed, after passage of a time interval shorter than this predetermined time interval (for example, 2 seconds) (as shown in figures (c) and (d) of FIG. 6), a lean burn is permitted. Thereby, in the case that monitor conditions are no longer satisfied during monitoring, because the lean burn is prohibited, unlike conventional technology, there is no immediate switch to a lean burn, and therefore, the frequency of the deterioration determination of the LAF sensor can be increased.
What is claimed is: 1. An air-fuel ratio control apparatus comprising:
an air-fuel ratio detection device, provided in the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine, and outputs a signal approximately proportional to the concentration of oxygen in the exhaust; a lean operating determination device for determining whether the operating state of the internal combustion engine is in a predetermined lean fuel mixture region; a lean fuel mixture control device for controlling the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture supplied to the internal combustion engine so as to be a leaner air-fuel ratio than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio when it is determined by the lean fuel mixture region determination device that the operating state of the internal combustion engine is in the lean fuel mixture region; a check operating region determination device for determining whether or not the operating state of the internal combustion engine is in a predetermined region; a malfunction check device for checking for a malfunction of the air-fuel ratio detection device based on the output of the air-fuel ratio detection device when the operating state of the internal combustion engine is in the check region; and a malfunction check interruption device for interrupting the malfunction check when the check operation region determination device determines during an malfunction check by the malfunction check device that the operating state of the internal combustion engine is not in the check region and for prohibiting at the same time the lean fuel mixture control for a predetermined period of time. 2. An air-fuel ratio control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the air-fuel control device further comprises:
a three-way catalyst disposed downstream of said air fuel ratio detection device; an oxygen sensor disposed downstream of said three-way catalyst for outputting a lean or rich signal in response to the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas; wherein, said malfunction check device detects the malfunction of the air-fuel ratio detection device when the output of said oxygen sensor changes between the lean and the rich signals. 3. An air-fuel ratio control apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said malfunction of the air-fuel ratio detection device is detected by detecting a plurality of outputs of said malfunction check device and by using an average value of said plurality of outputs.
4. An air-fuel ratio control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, when it is determined by said check operating region determination device that the operating state of the internal combustion engine is not in the predetermined region, and if said checking operation by said malfunction check device is completed, said malfunction check interruption device does not execute a prohibition operation of the lean fuel mixture control.
5. An air-fuel ratio control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said check operating region determination device further determines whether or not the driving condition of the vehicle in which said internal combustion engine is installed is under predetermined check conditions.
6. An air-fuel ratio control method comprising the steps of:
detecting an air-fuel ratio by use of an air-fuel ratio detection device, provided in the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine for outputting a signal approximately proportional to the concentration of oxygen in the exhaust; determining whether the operating state of the internal combustion engine is in a predetermined lean fuel mixture region by use of a lean operating zone determination device; controlling the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture supplied to the internal combustion engine so as to be a leaner air-fuel ratio than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio by use of a lean fuel mixture control device when the operating state of the internal combustion engine is determined to be in the lean fuel mixture region by said lean fuel mixture region determination device, determining whether the operating state of the internal combustion engine is in a predetermined region by use of a check operating region determination device; checking a malfunction of the air-fuel ratio detection device by use of a malfunction check device based on the output of the air-fuel ratio detection device when the operating state of the internal combustion engine is in the check region; and interrupting a malfunction check during the malfunction check by said malfunction check device by use of a malfunction check interruption device when it is determined by the check operation region determination device that the operating state of the internal combustion engine is not in the check region and at the same time prohibiting the lean fuel mixture control for a predetermined period of time. 7. A computer readable recording medium including a program for an air-fuel ratio control method which comprises the steps of:
detecting an air-fuel ratio by use of an air-fuel ratio detection device, provided in the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine for outputting a signal approximately proportional to the concentration of oxygen in the exhaust; determining whether the operating state of the internal combustion engine is in a predetermined lean fuel mixture region by use of a lean operating zone determination device; controlling the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture supplied to the internal combustion engine so as to be a leaner air-fuel ratio than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio by use of a lean fuel mixture control device when the operating state of the internal combustion engine is determined to be in the lean fuel mixture region by said lean fuel mixture region determination device, determining whether the operating state of the internal combustion engine is in a predetermined region by use of a check operating region determination device; checking a malfunction of the air-fuel ratio detection device by use of a malfunction check device based on the output of the air-fuel ratio detection device when the operating state of the internal combustion engine is in the check region; and interrupting a malfunction check during the malfunction check by said malfunction check device by use of a malfunction check interruption device when it is determined by the check operation region determination device that the operating state of the internal combustion engine is not in the check region and prohibiting at the same time the lean fuel mixture control for a predetermined period of time.
The present invention relates to an air-fuel ratio control apparatus that controls the air-fuel ratio of an air-fuel mixture supplied to an internal combustion engine, and in particular relates to an air-fuel control apparatus that carries out the detection of malfunctions of an air-fuel ratio detection sensor that detects the air-fuel ratio in the exhaust of the internal combustion engine.
Conventionally, as a method for detecting damage to an air-fuel ratio sensor (hereinbelow, referred to as the LAF sensor) that is provided in the exhaust system of the engine and outputs a signal roughly proportional to the oxygen concentration in the exhaust, the change in the output properties of the LAF sensor are monitored and damage or deterioration of the LAF sensor is detected based on the output of the air-fuel ratio (Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication, No. Hei 8-338290).
However, the sensor deterioration determination processing that determines the deterioration of the above-described LAF sensor must be carried out when the running conditions of the internal combustion engine satisfy predetermined conditions (hereinbelow, referred to as the monitor conditions). Therefore, even during the interval in which the sensor deterioration determination process is carried out, when the running conditions of the internal combustion engine do not satisfy the monitor conditions, the sensor deterioration determination processing must be temporarily suspended until the running conditions again satisfy the monitor conditions.
In particular, during the sensor deterioration determination processing, in the case that the air-fuel ratio must be controlled so as to be in proximity to a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio and the determination processing suspends and moves to a lean fuel mixture zone, the frequency of carrying out the deterioration determination processing of the sensor is reduced because of the time taken until the control of the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio is carried out again. Furthermore, output fluctuation during the switching between the lean fuel mixture and the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio occurs, and the drivability deteriorates.
The present invention solves the above-described problems, and has the object of providing an air-fuel ratio control apparatus that carries out efficient deterioration detection processing of the air-fuel ratio sensor.
Specifically, in the interval during which the deterioration determination processing of the above air-fuel ratio sensor is carried out, in the case that the running conditions of the internal combustion engine no longer satisfy the conditions allowing the carrying out of this deterioration detecting processing, switching to the lean fuel mixture is prohibited.
In order to attain the above object, the air-fuel ratio control apparatus according to the present invention is characterized in providing an air-fuel ratio detection device that is (the LAF sensor 17) provided in the exhaust system (the exhaust duct 16, the three way catalysts 19, 20, etc.) of an internal combustion engine, and outputs a signal approximately proportional to the concentration of oxygen in the exhaust, a lean fuel mixture zone determination device (in the embodiment, provided in the ECU 5) that determines whether or not the internal combustion engine is in the lean fuel mixture zone based on the running state of the internal combustion engine, a lean fuel mixture control device (in the embodiment, provided in the ECU 5) that controls the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture supplied to the internal combustion engine so as to be a leaner air-fuel ratio than the stoichiometeric air-fuel ratio when the internal combustion engine is determined to be in the lean fuel mixture zone by the lean fuel mixture zone determination device, a check zone determination device (in the embodiment, step S572 to step S584) that determines whether or not the internal combustion engine is the check zone, a malfunction check device (in the embodiment, step S521 to step S541) that checks for a malfunction of the air-fuel ratio detection device based on the output of the air-fuel ratio detection device, and a malfunction check termination device (in the embodiment, step S11 to step S17) that, during an malfunction check by the malfunction check device, terminates the malfunction check when the check zone determination device determines that the internal combustion engine is not in the check zone and at the same time prohibits this lean fuel mixture control for a predetermined time interval.
FIG. 1 is a structural drawing of the engine and the control apparatus including the air-fuel ratio control apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the processing in which the monitor conditions are determined.
FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the LAF sensor deterioration processing.
FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the continuation of the LAF sensor deterioration processing.
FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the lean burn prohibition processing.
FIG. 6A to 6D are timing charts showing the lean burn prohibition processing.
Below, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be explained referring to the figures.
FIG. 1 is a drawing showing the structure of the engine and control apparatus that includes the air-fuel ratio control apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.
In this figure, reference numeral 1 is a DOHC straight 4 cylinder engine providing an intake air valve and exhaust valve (not illustrated) for each cylinder. The intake air duct 2 of the engine 1 communicates with the combustion chamber of each cylinder of the engine 1 via a branching part 11 (the intake air manifold). Along the intake air duct 2, a throttle valve 3 is disposed. A throttle valve opening degree (ΘTH) sensor 4 communicates with the throttle valve 3, and outputs an electronic signal, which depends on the throttle valve opening degree ΘTH, to be supplied to an electronic control unit 5 (hereinbelow, referred to as an ECU).
An assist air path 6 that bypasses the throttle valve 3 is provided on the intake air duct 2, and along this path 6, an assist air amount control valve 7 is provided. The assist air amount control valve 7 is connected to the ECU 5, and controls the amount that the valve is opened using this ECU 5.
An intake air temperature (TA) sensor 8 is installed upstream from the throttle valve 3 of the intake air duct 2, and the detection signal thereof is supplied to the ECU 5.
Between the throttle valve 3 of the intake duct 2 and the intake manifold 11, a chamber 9 is provided, and in the chamber 9 an intake air duct absolute pressure (PBA) sensor 10 is installed. The detection signal of the PBA sensor 10 is supplied to the ECU 5.
In the body of the engine 1, an engine water temperature (TW) sensor 13 is mounted, and the detection signal thereof is supplied to the ECU 5. A crankshaft angle position sensor 14 that detects the rotation angle of the crankshaft axis (not illustrated) of the engine 1 is connected to the ECU 5, and a signal that depends on the angle of rotation of the crankshaft axis is supplied to the ECU 5.
The crankshaft angle position sensor 14 comprises an air duct discrimination sensor that outputs a signal pulse (hereinbelow, referred to as the CYL signal) at a predetermined crankshaft angle position of a particular air duct of the engine 1, a TDC sensor that relates to the top dead center (TDC) at the beginning of the intake stroke of each cylinder and that outputs a TDC signal pulse at a crankshaft angle position (in a 4 cylinder engine, every crankshaft angle of 180 degrees) before a predetermined crankshaft angle, and a CRK sensor that generates one pulse (hereinbelow, referred to as a CRK signal pulse) at a constant crankshaft angle cycle (for example, a cycle of 30 degrees) that is shorter than the TDC signal pulse, and supplies the CYL signal pulse, the TDC signal pulse, and the CRK signal pulse to the ECU 5. These signal pulses are used for the timing control of the fuel injection time, the ignition time, etc., and the detection of the engine rotation speed NE.
A fuel injection valve 12 is provided on each cylinder slightly upstream from the intake valve of the intake manifold 11, and each injection valve is connected to a fuel pump (not illustrated) and an ECU 5, and the fuel injection time and the fuel ignition time (valve opening time) are controlled by the signal from the ECU 5. The ignition plug (not illustrated) of the engine 1 also connects to the ECU 5, and the ignition time ΘIG is controlled by the ECU 5.
The exhaust duct 16 is connected to the combustion chambers of the engine 1 via a branched part 15 (exhaust manifold). A wide-range air-fuel ratio sensor (hereinbelow, referred to as the LAF sensor) 17 is provided immediately downstream from where the branching part 15 meets on the exhaust duct 16. Furthermore, a three way catalyst 19 directly under the engine and a three way catalyst 20 under the carriage are provided downstream from the LAF sensor, and in addition, an oxygen concentration sensor (hereinbelow, referred to as the O2 sensor) is mounted between these three way catalysts 19 and 20. The three way catalysts 19 and 20 carry out cleaning of the HC, CO, NOx, etc, in the exhaust gas.
The LAF sensor 17 is connected to the ECU 5, outputs an electronic signal roughly proportional to the oxygen concentration (the air fuel ratio) in the exhaust gas, and supplies this electronic signal to the ECU 5. The O2 sensor 18 has the property of rapidly changing when the output crosses the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio, and this output rises to a high level when the air-fuel ration becomes richer than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio and falls to a low level when it becomes leaner. The O2 sensor 18 is connected to the ECU 5, and supplies this output to the ECU 5.
The exhaust circulation mechanism 30 is provided along the exhaust circulation path 31 connected the chamber 9 of the intake duct 2 to the exhaust duct 16, and the exhaust circulation path 31, and comprises a lift sensor 33 that detects the valve opening degree of the exhaust circulation valve 32 (the EGR valve) that controls the amount of exhaust circulation and the EGR valve 32. The throttle valve 32 is an electromagnetic valve having a solenoid connected to the ECU 5, and the valve opening degree of this valve can be linearly changed by the control signal from the ECU 5.
In the vapor fuel processing apparatus 40, the fuel tank 41 connects to the canister 45 via the conduit 42, and the canister 45 connects to the chamber 9 of the intake duct 2 via the purge path 43. The canister 45 has an absorbent that absorbs the vapor fuel generated in the fuel tank 41, and has an external air intake valve. Along the conduit 42, a two way valve 46 comprising positive and negative pressure valves is disposed, and along the purge path 43, a purge control 44, which is a duty control type electromagnetic valve, is provided. The purge control valve 44 is connected to the ECU 5, and is controlled according to a signal from the ECU 5.
The ECU 5 comprises an input circuit that corrects the voltage level by shaping the input signal wave from each sensor to a predetermined voltage and has functions such as changing an analog signal value to a digital signal value, a central processing unit (CPU), a memory circuit comprising ROM and RAM that stores each of the calculation programs executed by this CPU and the various maps and calculation results described below, and an output circuit that outputs a drive signal to each of the electromagnetic valves and ignition plugs of the fuel injection valve 12, etc.
The ECU 5 determines the various engine running states, such as the feedback control running zone and the open control running zone, depending on the output of the LAF sensor 17 and the O2 sensor 18 based on the various engine running parameter signals described below, and at the same time calculates the fuel injection time TOUT of the fuel injection valve 12 depending on the engine running state, and outputs a signal that drives the fuel injection valve 12 based on the result of this calculation.
To calculate the fuel injection time TOUT, a PID compensation coefficient KLAF, calculated by the PID control depending on the output of the LAF sensor 17, is used.
TOUT=K1�KLAF�KCMD�Ti+K2 Here, basically, Ti denotes the basic fuel amount set according to the engine rotation speed NE and the intake duct internal absolute pressure PBA. K1 denotes the compensation coefficient found depending on the running state, and K2 denotes the compensation amount found depending on the running state.
Next, in the apparatus structured as described above, the check zone determination processing that determines the running state that can carry out the deterioration determination processing of the LAF sensor 17, that is, whether or not the monitor conditions are satisfied, is explained referring to FIG. 2. Moreover, during this processing, execution by the ECU 5 or executed in the background, that is, not being executed as high priority processing.
First, step S572 in FIG. 2 determines whether or not the active flag nO2R is 1, which indicates that the O2 sensor 18 is in the active state, and when nO2R=1, determines whether or not the running state of the vehicle having the engine 1 installed is in a predetermined zone, that is, whether or not the monitor conditions of the LAF sensor are satisfied (step S573).
Specifically, it is determined whether or not the engine water temperature TW is within the range of the predetermined high and low values of TWLAFMH and TWLAFML, whether or not the intake temperature is within the range of the predetermined high and low values of TALAFMH and TALAFML, whether or not the engine rotation speed NE is within the range of the predetermined high and low values of NELAFMH and NELAFML, whether or not the intake duct internal absolute pressure PBA is within the range of the predetermined high and low values of PBLAFMH and PBLAFML, and whether or not the vehicle speed is within the range of the predetermined high and low values of VLAFMH and VLAFML, and when all of the answers are YES, it is determined that the running state is in the predetermined zone, that is, that the predetermined monitor conditions are satisfied.
In addition, in step S573, in the case that it is determined that all of the monitor conditions are satisfied, the processing proceeds to step S574, and determines whether or not the flag FCRS is 1, which indicates that the rate of change in the velocity of the vehicle is in a small cruise state, and when FCRS=1, it is determined whether or not the reset flag FKLAFRERET is 0.
As a result of the above determinations, in the case that the answer to all of steps S572 to S575 is NO, it is determined that the monitor conditions are not satisfied, the processing proceeds to step S 580, the flag FLAFPG is set to 0, and subsequently the decrement timer tmLFMCHK is set to a predetermined time TLFMCHK and started (step S581), the monitor condition flag FLFMCHK is set to 0 (step S583) are started, the decrement timer tmLFRPMS is set to a predetermined time TLFRPMS (step S586), the response deterioration determination start flag FLFRPMS is set to 0, (step S588), and this processing ends.
In contrast, in the case that all of the conditions in steps S572 to S575 are satisfied, the monitor conditions are determined to be satisfied, the processing proceeds to step S576, it is determined whether or not the monitor condition flag FLFMCHK is 1, and when FLFMCHK=1, step S577 is skipped, and the processing proceeds to step S578, whereas in the case that the monitor condition flag FLFMCHK is 0, the processing proceeds to step S577, where it is determined whether or not the target air-fuel ratio KCMD is equal to or greater than a predetermined value KCMDZML (for example, setting the value corresponding to the stoichiometric air fuel ratio, that is, to 1.0).
In step S577, in the case that it is determined that KCMD<KCMDZML, the monitor conditions are determined to be unsatisfied, the processing returns to the above step S580, and subsequently, after passing through step S581 to step S588, this processing ends.
In contrast, in step S577, if it is determined that KCMD≧KCMDZML, then the processing proceeds to step S578.
In step S578, it is determined whether or not the LAF sensor response deterioration determination end flag FLFRPEN is 1, and in the case that FLFRPEND=1, that is, in the case that the LAF sensor response deterioration determination has ended, the processing proceeds to step S580, and then after passing through steps S581 to S588, this processing ends.
In contrast, in step S578, in the case that the LAF sensor response deterioration determination end flag FLFRPEND=0, the processing proceeds to step S579, the purge cut flag FLAFPG is set to 1 and the purge is cut, that is, the purge control valve of the vapor fuel processing apparatus 40 in FIG. 1 is closed, and thereby the purge is set to 0, and there is no influence by the purge gas during the check.
Next, in step S582, it is determine whether or not the value of the timer tm LFMCHK started in step S581 is 1. In the case that it is determined that tmLFMCHK>0, the processing proceeds to step S583, and after passing through step S586 and step S588, the processing ends.
In contrast, in step S582, in the case that it is determined that tmLFMCHK=0, the processing proceeds to step S584, it is determined that the monitor conditions are satisfied, the monitor condition flag FLFMCHK is set to 1, and then in step S585, it is determined whether or not the LAF sensor deterioration identification end flag FLFSTEND is 1.
As a result, in the case that the LAF sensor deterioration flag FLFSTEND=0, that is, that LAF sensor deterioration determination has not ended, the processing proceeds to step S586, and next, after passing through step S588, this processing ends.
In contrast, in step S585, in the case that FLFSTEND=1, that is, in the case that LAF sensor deterioration determination has ended, the processing proceeds to step S587, and it is determined whether or not the value of the timer tmLFRPMS that started in step S586 is 0.
In step S587, in the case that the timer tmLFMRPMS, the processing passes through step S588, and then ends.
In contrast, in the case that timer tmLFMRPMS>0, in step S589, the LAF sensor response deterioration determination start flag FLFRPMS is set to 1, and after allowing the start of the response deterioration determination, this processing ends.
Next, the deterioration determination processing of the LAF sensor 17 will be explained referring to FIG. 3 and FIG. 4.
First, in step S521 in FIG. 3, it is determined whether or not the sensor deterioration determination end flag FLFSTEND is 1, which indicates that the LAF sensor deterioration determination has ended, and in the case that the FLFSTEND=0, that is, when the sensor deterioration determination has not yet ended, it is determined whether or not the monitor condition flag FLFMCHK is 1, which indicates that the monitor conditions are satisfied (step S522). Here, the monitor condition flag FLMCHK is the flag that is set in the check zone determination processing shown in FIG. 2.
In step S522, in the case that the monitor condition flag FLMCHK is set to 1, it is determined whether or not the amount of fluctuation DPBA4 of the intake duct negative pressure is equal to or greater than the predetermined fluctuation amount DPBLFM (step S522B). In the case that the fluctuation amount DPBA4 of the intake duct negative pressure is equal to or less that a predetermined fluctuation amount DPBLFM, it is determined whether or not the LAF sensor deterioration determination execution flag FLFSTM is 1 (step S522C). In the case that the LAF sensor deterioration execution flag FLFSTM=1, it is determined whether or not the difference between the intake duct maximum negative pressure PBCTMAX and the minimum negative pressure PBCTMIN, that is, that is the maximum value of the intake negative pressure, is equal to or less than a predetermined fluctuation amount DPBLAFG (step S522D).
In step S522D, in the case that the maximum of the intake duct negative pressure is less than a predetermined fluctuation amount DPBLAFG, it is determined whether or not the O2 sensor output (SVO2) monitor flag FSVO2LAF is 1. In the case that the O2 sensor output (SVO2) monitor flag FSVO2LAF has not been set to 1, the processing proceeds to step S527.
In contrast, when the response in step S521 or step S523 is YES, and the response of all of steps S522, S522B, S522D is NO, executing the LAF sensor deterioration determination is not appropriate, and the SVO2 monitor flag FSVO2LAF is set to 0 (step S524), the LAF sensor deterioration determination execution flag FLFSTM is set to 0 (step S525), and at the same time, the decrement timer tmLFSTM is set to a predetermined time TLFSTM (step S526 in FIG. 4), and this processing ends.
Then, in step S527, calculation of the target air-fuel ratio KCMD, which serves as the target of the feedback, is carried out, specifically, the target air-fuel ratio KCMD is calculated based on the output of the O2 sensor 18, and then in step S528, the LAF sensor deterioration determination execution flag FLFSTM is set to 1, and the processing proceeds to step S529 (refer to step S528 in FIG. 4).
Next, in step S529, after the output of O2 sensor 18 inverts from the rich to the lean fuel mixture or from the lean to the rich fuel mixture, it is determined whether or not the inversion flag FKACTT is 1, which indicates that a predetermined amount of time has passed, and when FKACTT=0, that is, when the output of the O2 sensor 18 is not inverted, in the above step S526 or step S532 described below, it is determined whether or not the value of the timer tmLFSTM is 0 (step S530). As a result, when tmLFSTM>0, and the predetermined time TLFSTM has not passed, the processing immediately ends, and when tmLFSTM=0, the SVO2 monitor flag FSVO2LAF is set to 1 (step S 531), and this processing ends.
In contrast, in step S529, when FKACTT=1 and the O2 sensor output inverts from a rich to a lean fuel mixture or from a lean to a rich fuel mixture, the decrement timer tmLFSTM is set to a predetermined time TLFSTM and started (step S532), and it is determined whether or not the value of the counter NKACT is 0 (step S533). First, NKACT=0 and the processing proceeds to step S535, this counter NKACT is incremented by 1 (step S535), and it is determined whether not this value is smaller than a predetermined value NKACTC (for example, 5) (step S536). In step S536, in the case that NKACT<NKACTC, this processing immediately ends.
Next, when the O2 sensor output inverts, in step S533, because the value of the counter NKACT becomes 1, the processing proceeds to step S534, the integrated value KACTT of the detected equivalence ratio KACT is calculated based on the output of the LAF sensor 17 by the following formula 1, and the processing proceeds to step S535.
KACTT=KACTT+KACT (1) In addition, after passing through the above-described step S535, in step S536, when the inverted count reaches a predetermined value, that is, in step S536, when NKACT=NKACTC, the processing proceeds to step S537, and the average detected equivalence ratio KACTAV is calculated by the following formula 2:
KACTAV=KACTT/(NKACT−1) (2) Thereby, the KACTAV value is calculated as the average value of the KACT value while a plurality of locations are inverted during monitoring.
After beginning detection in this manner, the average value of KACT during inversion, excluding the initial inversion, is calculated, and thus the precision of the detection is increased. Moreover, during the initial inversion there is the concern that the control is not stabilized, there is concern that a large error will occur when using this point in the calculation of the average value. Thus, this point is not used.
Next, in steps S538 and S539, it is determined whether the average value KACTAV is larger than the predetermined lower limit value of KACTAVL, or whether or not it is higher than the upper limit value KACTAVH. As a result, when KACTAVL<KACTAV<KACTAVH, it is determined that the LAF sensor 17 has not deteriorated, and the flag FLFSTNG is set to 0.
Next, in step S539A, referring to the VLFST table, the amount of deviation VLFST with respect to the average value KACTAV is calculated. Based on this calculated amount of deviation, the output of the LAF sensor 17 can be compensated using a table and the like.
Subsequently, the processing progressed to step S541, and the LAF sensor deterioration determination end flag FLFSTEND is set to 1, in step S541 A, the LAF sensor deterioration execution end flag FLFSTM is set to 0, and this processing ends.
In addition, in step S538 and step S539, when KACTAV≦KACTAVL or KACTAV≧KACTAVH, it is determined that the LAF sensor 17 is deteriorating, the flag FLFSTNG is set to 1 (step S540), and processing proceeds to the above step S539A. In the above-described manner, determination of deterioration of the LAF sensor 17 and determination of the output deviation is carried out.
Next, FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the lean burn probation processing that the air-fuel ratio control apparatus carries out while determining the deterioration of the LAF sensor 17.
In this figure, first, in step S11, it is determined whether or not the monitor condition flag FLFMCHK is 1. In the case that the monitor condition flag FLFMCHK is 0, that is, in the case that the running conditions of the engine do not satisfy the monitor conditions, the processing proceeds to step S12, where it is determined whether or not the monitor condition flag FLFMCHK is 1 before the monitor conditions were no longer satisfied.
In step S12, if the previous monitor condition flag is 1, the processing proceeds to step S13, where it is determined whether or not the LAF sensor deterioration determination end flag FLFSTEND, which was set to 1 during the LAF sensor deterioration determination end, is 1. In the case that the LAF sensor deterioration determination end flag FLFSTEND is 0, that is, in the case that the it has been determined that the LAF sensor has ended without having completed, the processing proceeds to step S14, and after the timer tmOBD2LB is set to a predetermined time DTMLFSTLB (for example, 7 seconds), in step S15, the lean burn prohibition flag FOBD2LB is set to 1, and lean burn is prohibited.
In contrast, in step S11, in the case that the monitor condition flag FLFMCHK is 1, the processing proceeds to step S18, and after the timer tmOBS2LB is set to DTMOBD2LB, which is a setting value shorter than DTMLFSTLB (for example, 2 seconds), in step S15, the lean burn prohibition flag FOBD2LB is set to 1, and a lean burn is prohibited.
In contrast, in step S12, in the case that the previous monitor condition flag FLFMCHK is not 1, or in step S13, in the case that the LAF sensor deterioration determination end flag FLFSTEND is 1, the processing proceeds to step S16, where it is determined whether or not the timer tmOBD2LB is 0, that is, whether or not the time of a timer set to 2 seconds or 7 seconds has completed. In the case that the time has completed, the processing proceeds to step S17, the lean burn prohibition flag FOBD2LB is set to 0, and at the same time the lean burn prohibition is terminated, and this processing ends.
In contrast, in step S16, if the timer tmOBD2LB is not 0, the processing proceeds to step S15, and the lean burn prohibition continues.
Next, the control of the lean burn prohibition during the deterioration determination processing of the LAF sensor 17 is explained referring to FIG. 6.
In this figure, the timing chart (a) shows the monitor condition flag FLFMCHK set to 1 in the case that the deterioration determination processing for the LAF sensor 17 can be executed. In addition, the timing chart (b) shows the LAF sensor deterioration determination end flag FLFSTEND that is set to 1 during the deterioration determination processing end of the LAF sensor 17.
In addition, the timing chart (c) shows the count value of the decrement timer tmOBD2LB set to an arbitrary value (in this embodiment 2 seconds and 7 seconds) depending on the processing state. In addition, timing chart (d) shows the lean burn prohibition flag FOBD2LB set to 1 when the lean burn is prohibited.
In the figure, at time t0, the monitor conditions of the LAF sensor are satisfied, and the output monitoring of the LAF sensor 17 is executed. At the same time, the timer tmOBD2LB is set to DTMOBD2LB (for example 2 seconds), and in addition the lean burn prohibition flag FOBD2LB is set to 1, and a lean burn is prohibited.
Next, at time t1, when the running state of the engine changes and the monitor conditions are no longer satisfied, the value of the timer tmOBD2LB is set to DTMLFSTLB (for example, 7 seconds). Then, the lean burn prohibition continues.
Next, at time t2, while the time of the timer tmOBD2LB has not completed, the running state of the engine satisfies the monitor conditions, and even if the output monitor of the LAF sensor 17 is carried out again, until the time of the timer tmOBD2LB has completed, the lean burn prohibition flag FOBD2LB continues to be set as-is, and the lean burn probation control continues to be carried out.
In addition, at time 3, when the deterioration determination processing of the LAF sensor 17 completes, and the LAF sensor deterioration determination end flag FLFSTEND is set to 0, at the same time the monitor condition flag FLFMCHK is set to 0, and in addition, in timer tmOBD2LB is set to DTMOBD2LB, which is a value smaller than the value DTMLFSTLB set in the case that the running state of the engine during the deterioration determination of the LAF sensor 17 no longer satisfies the monitor conditions. In addition, until the time of the timer tmOBD2LB is completed, the lean burn prohibition flag is set to 1, and when the time of the timer tmBD2LB is completed, it is set to 0, and the lean burn is permitted.
In this manner, when the predetermined monitor conditions are not satisfied during the deterioration determination of the sensor, control is carried out such that timer tmOBD2LB is activated, and for a predetermined time (for example, 7 seconds) switching to a lean burn is prohibited. When the deterioration determination conditions are again satisfied during this predetermined time interval, the lean burn prohibition continues. In the case that the deterioration determination of the LAF sensor 17 has completed, the lean burn permission is extended for the above-described predetermined time that is shorter than this time (for example, 2 seconds).
According to the present invention described above, in order to attain the above object, the air-fuel ratio control apparatus according to the present invention is characterized in comprising an air-fuel ratio detection device provided in the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine and outputs a signal approximately proportional to the concentration of oxygen in the exhaust, a lean fuel mixture zone determination device that determines whether or not the internal combustion engine is in the lean fuel mixture zone based on the running state of the internal combustion engine, a lean fuel mixture control device that controls the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture supplied to the internal combustion engine so as to be a leaner air-fuel mixture than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio when the internal combustion engine is determined to be in the lean fuel mixture zone by the lean fuel mixture zone determination device, a check zone determination device that determines whether or not the internal combustion engine is the check zone, an abnormal check device that checks for a malfunction of the air-fuel ratio detection device based on the output of the air-fuel ratio detection device, and a malfunction check termination device that, during an malfunction check by the malfunction check device, terminates the malfunction check when the check zone determination device determines that the internal combustion engine is not in the check zone and at the same time prohibits this lean fuel mixture control for a predetermined time interval.
In this manner, even in the case that the running conditions of the engine during the monitoring for carrying out a malfunction check of the LAF sensor no longer satisfy the monitor conditions, switching to a lean burn is prohibited for a predetermined time interval, and thus, unlike conventional technology, there is no frequent occurrence of switching from a lean burn to the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio, and the monitor execution frequency by the LAF sensor can be increased, the time for the deterioration determination processing of the LAF sensor can be shortened, and at the same time, drivability can be improved.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS5212947 *Mar 6, 1992May 25, 1993Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki KaishaFailure-detecting device for air-fuel ratio sensors of internal combustion enginesUS5235957 *Nov 5, 1992Aug 17, 1993Japan Electronic Control Systems Co., Ltd.Diagnosing device and diagnosing method in air/fuel ratio control device for internal combustion engineUS5485382 *Apr 11, 1994Jan 16, 1996Honda Giken Kogyo K.K.Oxygen sensor deterioration-detecting system for internal combustion enginesUS5610321 *Mar 24, 1995Mar 11, 1997Mazda Motor CorporationSensor failure detection system for air-to-fuel ratio control systemUS5970967 *Dec 8, 1997Oct 26, 1999Unisia Jecs CorporationMethod and apparatus for diagnosing an abnormality in a wide range air-fuel ratio sensor* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification123/688, 73/23.32International ClassificationF02D41/04, F02D41/22, F02D41/14, F02D45/00Cooperative ClassificationF02D41/1456, F02D41/1441, F02D41/222, Y02T10/40European ClassificationF02D41/22D, F02D41/14D3H4, F02D41/14D1DLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionDec 15, 2000ASAssignmentJan 27, 2006FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Mar 29, 2010REMIMaintenance fee reminder mailedAug 20, 2010LAPSLapse for failure to pay maintenance feesOct 12, 2010FPExpired due to failure to pay maintenance feeEffective date: 20100820RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services


text:
The A-Team: The Complete Series by Arnold Laven, Bernard McEveety, Bruce Kessler, Christian Nyby II |Arnold Laven, Bernard McEveety, Bruce Kessler, Christian Nyby II | 25192068133 | DVD | Barnes & Noble® B&N's Biggest Books Book Awards Book Graph Books by Author Books by Series Collectible Editions Coming Soon Coupons & Deals Discover Categories New Releases NY Times Bestsellers The Paperback Store Signed Books
6 New & Used from $150.00

type: global

value: This website is an American bookseller. It is a Fortune 1000 company and the bookseller with the largest number of retail outlets in the United States.


text: We found 0 results for "" Check your spelling or use different keywords and try again. If you are searching for help information, please select "Help" from the list of departments and try the search again. Some products available in stores may not be listed online — contact your local store to see if they carry what you are looking for. Walmart Sterling 45415 Dulles Crossing Plz Sterling, VA 20166 Ph. (571) 434-9434 Find another store Showing 0 of 0 results Compute- app-5482506-5-59261538, DC- prod-dfw2, ENV- prod-a, Ver- 32.0.1, SHA- 218663fd569ac9bf392b2c78e3a7f424c761bb61, Log- c873f383-716a-152d2bcd648000 Site Information Be the first to save! Email Address Sign up Privacy policy

value: This website is an American multinational retail corporation that operates a chain of hypermarkets , discount department stores, and grocery stores from the United States, headquartered in Bentonville, Arkansas.


text:
Gold-Plated Baby I.D. Bracelets | Groupon Goods
18K Gold-Plated Baby I.D. Bracelet. Multiple Chain Styles Available. Free Returns.
Gold-Plated Baby I.D. Bracelets
I.D. bracelets designed for babies and kids
Figaro, gucci, rolo, or curb chains
Dimensions: 152mm x 2mm x 5.5m
The item was exactly the way it was described! And it shipped at a decent time
Mercedes G. Verified Purchaser
Its great i.d. bracelet, I just wish shipping was shipped in fewer days.

value: This website is an American global e-commerce marketplace connecting subscribers with local merchants by offering activities, travel, goods and services in 15 countries. Based in Chicago, Groupon was launched there in November 2008, launching soon after in Boston, New York City and Toronto.


text: Sorry, no products matched "" Check your spelling Use different keywords and try again Contact your local store Compute- app-4983975-3-77778961, DC- prod-dfw1, ENV- prod-a, Ver- 44.0.0, SHA- 4ccde6630b54173e13bf9646401e57ff2c4cccd4, Log- bf37c6b-78fe-1562e8d164a000 Site Information Be the first to save! Email Address Sign up Privacy Policy Stay connected Mobile apps Help Feedback MoneyCenter Privacy & Security CA Privacy Rights Terms of Use Financial services Walmart MoneyCenter Walmart Credit Card Apply Now Manage Card Account Product Care Plans Walmart Pay Get to know us About Walmart.com Corporate Suppliers Marketplace Careers @WalmartLabs Walmart.com Terms of Use About Our Ads Affiliate Program CA Privacy Rights Privacy & Security Customer service Returns Policy Product Recalls Int’l Customers Tax Exempt Program Contact Us Feedback Store Pickup In the spotlight Expand Baby Cribs Strollers Diapers Baby Feeding Car Seats Expand Electronics Cut the Cable Computers TVs iPads & Tablets Expand Fitness Exercise Machines Vitamins Ellipticals Treadmills Fitbit Expand Keep Cool Air Conditioners Fans Swimming Pools Pool Toys Expand International Sites Argentina Brazil Canada Chile China Japan Mexico United Kingdom © Walmart Stores, Inc. To ensure we’re able to help you as best we can, please include your reference number: Ref:


text:
Amazon.co.uk Best Sellers: The most popular items in Network Algorithms
Best Sellers in Network Algorithms
1.High Performance Datacenter Networks:...by Dennis Abts
Paperback �24.99 �19.99 18 used & new from �19.31
2.Network Flows: Theory, Algorithms, an...by Ravindra K. Ahuja
1.0 out of 5 stars (1)Paperback �56.99 �55.53 13 used & new from �49.91
3.Network Routing: Algorithms, Protocol...by Deepankar Medhi
Hardcover �61.99 �52.79 35 used & new from �42.19
4.Advanced Algorithms for Neural Networ...by Timothy Masters
15 used & new from �13.26
5.Fundamentals of Neural Networks: Arch...by Laurene V. Fausett
4.5 out of 5 stars (2)Paperback �63.99 �61.99 22 used & new from �15.47
6.Pattern Recognition Using Neural Netw...by Carl G. Looney
Hardcover �68.00 16 used & new from �13.99
7.Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic and Gene...by S. Rajashekaran
5.0 out of 5 stars (1)Paperback �16.50 36 used & new from �8.20
8.Computationally Efficient Model Predi...by Maciej Lawrynczuk
Hardcover �90.00 �74.96 7 new from �67.44
9.Distributed Control of Robotic Networ...by Francesco Bullo
Hardcover �41.95 �38.43 32 used & new from �23.19
10.Neural Networks: Algorithms, Applicat...by James A. Freeman
17 used & new from �1.08
11.Algorithmic Cryptanalysis (Chapman &...by Antoine Joux
1.0 out of 5 stars (1)Hardcover �58.99 32 used & new from �48.85
12.Nonlinear Workbook: Chaos, Fractals,...by Willi-Hans Steeb
1.0 out of 5 stars (1)Paperback �54.00 �53.87 33 used & new from �33.00
13.Algorithmic Cryptanalysis (Chapman &...by ANTOINE
1.0 out of 5 stars (1)Kindle Edition �41.29 14.Secure Networking: Cryptography, Prot...by Charlie Kaufman
3.6 out of 5 stars (5)Textbook Binding
21 used & new from �1.33
15.Algorithms for Network Programmingby Jeff L. Kennington
15 used & new from �92.46
16.Linear Network Optimization: Algorith...by D P Bertsekas
Paperback �27.95 �27.08 31 used & new from �18.93
17.Fundamentals of Neural Networks: Arch...by Laurene V. Fausett
18.Intelligent Optimisation Techniques:...by Duc Pham
Paperback �72.00 �71.97 22 used & new from �62.79
19.Algorithmics of Large and Complex Net...by J�rgen Lerner
Paperback �49.99 7 used & new from �49.99
20.Introduction to Networks and Algorithmsby Alan Dolan
15 used & new from �59.23
About Best Sellers in Network Algorithms These lists, updated hourly, contain bestselling items.
Subscribe to: Best Sellers > Network Algorithms
Pattern Matching & Recognition
More to Explore in Network Algorithms
Most Wished For›See More Computationally Efficient M...Hardcover �74.96 Network Flows: Theory, Algo...Paperback �55.53 Fundamentals of Neural Netw...Paperback �61.99 Most Gifted›See More Network Routing: Algorithms...Hardcover �52.79 Nonlinear Workbook: Chaos,...Paperback �53.87 Pattern Recognition Using N...Hardcover �68.00 Get to Know UsCareersInvestor RelationsPress ReleasesAmazon and Our PlanetAmazon in the CommunityMake Money with UsSell on AmazonAssociates ProgrammeFulfilment by AmazonAdvertise Your ProductsIndependently Publish with Us›See allLet Us Help YouTrack Packages or View OrdersDelivery Rates & PoliciesAmazon PrimeReturns Are EasyManage Your KindleHelp

value: This website is an American multinational technology company which focuses on e-commerce, cloud computing, digital streaming, and artificial intelligence.


text:
High frequency stimulation of the subthalamic ... [Exp Brain Res. 2008] - PubMed - NCBI
Display Settings:AbstractFormatSummarySummary (text)AbstractAbstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListApplySend to:Choose DestinationFileClipboardCollectionsE-mailOrderMy BibliographyCitation managerFormatSummary (text)Abstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListCSVCreate File1 selected item: 17962928FormatSummarySummary (text)AbstractAbstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListMeSH and Other DataE-mailSubjectAdditional textE-mail"SPAM" filtering software noticeAdd to ClipboardAdd to CollectionsOrder articlesAdd to My BibliographyGenerate a file for use with external citation management software.Create File
Exp Brain Res. 2008 Mar;185(3):497-507. Epub 2007 Oct 26.High frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus modulates neurotransmission in limbic brain regions of the rat.Winter C, Lemke C, Sohr R, Meissner W, Harnack D, Juckel G, Morgenstern R, Kupsch A.Author information Department of Neurology, Charité Campus Virchow, Berlin, Germany. christine.winter@charite.deAbstractDespite the benefit high frequency stimulation (HFS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has on motor symptoms of Parkinson's Disease (PD), accumulating data also suggest effects of STN-HFS on non-motor behavior. This may be related to the involvement of the STN in the limbic basal ganglia-thalamocortical loops. In the present study we investigated the effect of acute STN-HFS on neurotransmission in associated structures of these pathways, i.e. the nucleus accumbens (NAc) core and shell as well as the ventral tegmental area (VTA) using in vivo microdialysis. Experiments were performed in anaesthetized naive rats and rats selectively lesioned in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) or VTA. We demonstrate that: 1. STN-HFS leads to an increase in DA in the NAc, 2., these effects are more pronounced in the NAc shell than in the NAc core, 3. STN-HFS leads to a decrease in GABA in the VTA, 4. preceding lesion of the SNc does not seem to affect the effect of STN-HFS on accumbal DA transmission whereas 5. preceding lesion of the VTA seems to prohibit further detection of DA in the NAc. We conclude that STN-HFS significantly affects neurotransmission in the limbic system, which might contribute to explain the non-motor effects of STN-HFS.PMID: 17962928 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Publication Types, MeSH TermsPublication TypesComparative StudyResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tMeSH TermsAnimalsDeep Brain Stimulation/methods*Limbic System/physiology*MaleRatsRats, WistarSubthalamic Nucleus/physiology*Synaptic Transmission/physiology*LinkOut - more resourcesFull Text SourcesSpringerEBSCOProQuestOther Literature SourcesCOS Scholar Universe

value: This website is part of the United States National Library of Medicine , a branch of the National Institutes of Health . It is approved and funded by the government of the United States.


text:
Patent US20050282175 - Image processing method and system for microfluidic devices - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA method for processing an image of a microfluidic device. The method includes receiving a first image of a microfluidic device. The first image corresponds to a first state. Additionally, the method includes receiving a second image of the microfluidic device. The second image corresponds to a second...http://www.google.com/patents/US20050282175?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US20050282175 - Image processing method and system for microfluidic devicesAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS20050282175 A1Publication typeApplicationApplication numberUS 10/902,494Publication dateDec 22, 2005Filing dateJul 28, 2004Priority dateJul 28, 2003Also published asCA2532530A1, EP1667829A2, EP1667829A4, US7583853, US7792345, US20100119154, WO2005011947A2, WO2005011947A3, WO2005011947A9Publication number10902494, 902494, US 2005/0282175 A1, US 2005/282175 A1, US 20050282175 A1, US 20050282175A1, US 2005282175 A1, US 2005282175A1, US-A1-20050282175, US-A1-2005282175, US2005/0282175A1, US2005/282175A1, US20050282175 A1, US20050282175A1, US2005282175 A1, US2005282175A1InventorsColin Taylor, Gang Sun, Simant DubeOriginal AssigneeFluidigm CorporationExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (77), Referenced by (19), Classifications (24), Legal Events (4) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetImage processing method and system for microfluidic devices
US 20050282175 A1Abstract
A method for processing an image of a microfluidic device. The method includes receiving a first image of a microfluidic device. The first image corresponds to a first state. Additionally, the method includes receiving a second image of the microfluidic device. The second image corresponds to a second state. Moreover, the method includes transforming the first image and the second image into a third coordinate space. Also, the method includes obtaining a third image based on at least information associated with the transformed first image and the transformed second image, and processing the third image to obtain information associated with the first state and the second state. Images(24) Claims(82)
1. A method for processing an image of a microfluidic device, the method comprising: receiving a first image of a microfluidic device, the first image corresponding to a first state; receiving a second image of the microfluidic device, the second image corresponding to a second state; transforming the first image into a third coordinate space, the transforming using at least a first fiducial on the first image; transforming the second image into the third coordinate space, the transforming using at least a second fiducial on the second image; obtaining a third image based on at least information associated with the transformed first image and the transformed second image; processing the third image to obtain information associated with the first state and the second state. 2. The method of claim 1, the method further comprising: locating the at least a first fiducial on the first image; locating the at least a second fiducial on the second image. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein the transforming the first image into a third coordinate space comprises: associating the at least a first fiducial to at least a third fiducial in the third coordinate space; performing a first transformation to the first image based on at least information associated with the at least a first fiducial and the at least a third fiducial. 4. The method of claim 3 wherein the performing a first transformation comprises: estimating the first transformation based on at least information associated with the at least a first fiducial and the at least a third fiducial; converting the first image into the third coordinate space, the converting using the first transformation. 5. The method of claim 4 wherein the transforming the second image into the third coordinate space comprises: associating the at least a second fiducial to the at least a third fiducial in the third coordinate space; performing a second transformation to the second image based on at least information associated with the at least a second fiducial and the at least a third fiducial. 6. The method of claim 5 wherein the performing a second transformation comprises: estimating the second transformation based on at least information associated with the at least a second fiducial and the at least a third fiducial; converting the second image into the third coordinate space, the converting using the second transformation. 7. The method of claim 1 wherein the obtaining a third image comprises: obtaining a difference between the first image and the second image. 8. The method of claim 7 wherein the obtaining a third image further comprises: masking at least a first part of the first image, the at least a first part free from information associated with the first state; masking at least a second part of the second image, the at least a second part free from information associated with the second state. 9. The method of claim 8 wherein the at least a second part corresponds to the at least a first part, the at least a second part based on at least information associated with a change of a feature from the first image to the second image.

value: This website is a search engine provided by Google. Handling over 3.5 billion searches per day, it has a 92% share of the global search engine market.


text:
Neurotic Owl by neuroticowl on Etsy
Announcement I make stuff. You want stuff. Buy my stuff!
I WILL BE UNABLE TO SHIP ORDERS BETWEEN 10/1/15 AND 10/10/15. Digital orders will process as usual.
I make stuff. You want stuff. Buy my stuff!
Blue Paper Doll (Black and White)
Violet Va-Voom Paper Dolls
Zombie Couture Paper Dolls
Moon kitten mask
Annika, Underhill Paper Doll
Eliza Rickman Paper Dolls
caristrawberri on Jan 24, 2019
Got my friend the tarot deck for Christmas because he's a fan of owls and he absolutely loves it!
Sara on Nov 6, 2015
Very rapid delivery. Beautiful workmanship.
Iridescent spiral necklace
Beautiful necklace, even prettier than the picture. I get compliments when I wear it. Very prompt delivery
Silver purse pendants
Deborah on Mar 31, 2015
Absolutely beautiful craftsmanship! Packaged perfectly and arrived on time!! Must say...even prettier than the photo! Love it!
Iridescent mini-fringe necklace
cute & shiny! love these!
Nerdy, cute and stylish. Couldn't ask for better. Thanks!
Beautifully made! Love the illustration and the craftsmanship. Shipped promptly. I'm completely satisfied. The necklace looks even better in person! Would definitely buy from this artist again. A++++ Fabulous.
Rackham Necklace
Bamf Snikt Earrings
About neuroticowl
I make things. Most are shiny.
I start with a blank piece of plastic and an idea. Each piece is hand-drawn, shrunk, lacquered, and finished with a copper back and bezel.
I make shrinky dink jewelry when I'm not working as a theatrical costumer or making ridiculous hats.
I'm an individual artist working out of my apartment here in Houston, TX. I blame the decidedly whimsical tilt of my work entirely on Jim Henson and Brian Froud -- I first saw 'Labyrinth' when I was eight, and I grew up wanting to make something as intrinsically beautiful as Hoggle. I hope I'm getting closer! Everything you see is hand made and one of a kind.
Returns or exchanges must be within thirty days of receipt, and are only acceptable in the case of shipping damage. Of course, I'll be packing everything veeery carefully to avoid that!
I accept check, money order, or PayPal. A completed order means that I receive payment within three days, and if you pay with check, nothing will ship until it clears.
I use USPS unless otherwise requested.
Items will ship within 5 days after your order is completed; if there is any delay, I'll contact you.

value: This website is an American e-commerce company focused on handmade or vintage items and craft supplies.


text:
Peggy King 5
George Gobel 2
George Liberace 1
Jeffrey Huner 1
1 1 A very funny show! Unfortunately, my usual DVD ripper wouldn't rip it properly (the results were horrifying!) so I had to use a far inferior ripper that makes it have too much compression. But George Gobel is funny, Faye Emerson is his guest, and Peggy King sings a song. ( 1 reviews ) Topics: Classic TV, Television, Comedy, The George Gobel Show, Peggy King Classic TV uploaded by HappySwordsman
''The George Gobel Show'' - 23 April 1955
1 0 Popular comedy from the 1950s. Topics: Classic TV, Television, 1950s, George Gobel, The George Gobel Show, Comedy Classic TV uploaded by HappySwordsman
''The George Gobel Show'' - ?? Thanksgiving
0 1 Popular entertainment of the 1950s, with a comedy sketch about a yearbook, a song called "Love and Marriage" sung by Peggy King, and a serious thanksgiving song sung by George Gobel. There's also politically incorrect jokes about smoking. Please note that a short section of this episode is missing, and additionally my usual DVD ripper wouldn't rip the disc, so I had to use a different (and inferior) ripper. This copy does, however, contain two original commercials, which are fun. ( 1 reviews ) Topics: Classic TV, Television, The George Gobel Show, 1950s, Comedy, Live television, Peggy King Classic TV uploaded by HappySwordsman
2 0 Popular entertainment from the mid-1950s, with comedy and music. Topics: Classic TV, Television, Comedy, The George Gobel Show, Peggy King, George Liberace Classic TV uploaded by HappySwordsman
2 1 An episode of the popular NBC comedy series "The George Gobel Show". This is the first episode of the show. His guests are Peggy King and Fred MacMurray (who is told by Gobel to do NOTHING during the episode, since he is their guest). Complete with original commercials. ( 1 reviews ) Topics: Classic TV, Television, 1950s, 50s, Fifties, Comedy, Variety Series, Variety Show, Popular, NBC,... MORE RESULTS

value: This website is an American digital library with the stated mission of "universal access to all knowledge". It provides free public access to collections of digitized materials, including websites, software applications/games, music, movies/videos, moving images, and millions of books.


text:
Upper Deck Rickey Henderson Lot Baseball Cards for sale | eBay
Upper Deck Rickey Henderson Lot Baseball Cards
LOT OF 120 RICKEY HENDERSON 1999 MIXED CARDS W/ TOPPS CHROME VICTORY ULTRA UD +
YESSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS YOU WILL GET ALL THE CARDS ABOVE.
LOT OF 140 RICKEY HENDERSON 1991 UPPER DECK MIXED LOT WITH 75 BASE CARDS #444, AND 65 WITH LOU BROCK VARIATION WITH THE DATE ON THE FRONT CARDS #636.
RICKEY HENDERSON Topps & UD-Donruss Baseball Card lot of 7
7 Card Rickey Henderson lot! 2005 Donruss # 148. Great additions to your collection !
1994 UD COLLECTORS CHOICE RICKEY HENDERSON SILVER SCRIPTS LOT OF 8 CARDS #131
Ending Saturday at 6:16PM PST5d 1hProduct: LotPlayer: Rickey HendersonSeason: 1994
LOT OF 188 RICKEY HENDERSON 1991 UPPER DECK FINAL EDITION ALL STAR CARDS #86F 5
LOT OF 184 RICKEY HENDERSON 1992 UPPER DECK CARDS #155 OAKLAND A'S
LOT OF 166 RICKEY HENDERSON 1989 UPPER DECK CARDS #210 NEW YORK YANKEES LOT #2
LOT OF 166 RICKEY HENDERSON 1989 UPPER DECK CARDS #210 LOT #2. YESSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS YOU WILL GET ALL THE CARDS ABOVE.
LOT OF 170 RICKEY HENDERSON 1991 UPPER DECK FINAL EDITION ALL STAR CARDS #86F 6
LOT OF 183 RICKEY HENDERSON 1991 UPPER DECK FINAL EDITION ALL STAR CARDS #86F 7
Ending Saturday at 6:22PM PST5d 1hProduct: LotPlayer: Rickey HendersonSeason: 1993
LOT OF 107 RICKEY HENDERSON 1993 UPPER DECK SP CARDS #40 OAKLAND A'S LOT #2
LOT OF 107 RICKEY HENDERSON 1993 UD SP CARDS #40 LOT #2. YESSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS YOU WILL GET ALL THE CARDS ABOVE.
1993 UPPER DECK RICKEY HENDERSON LIMITED EDITION GRAND SLAM HOLOGRAM LOT OF 5
Ending Saturday at 6:39PM PST5d 1hProduct: LotPlayer: Rickey HendersonSeason: 1993
1994 UPPER DECK RICKEY HENDERSON DENNY'S LIMITED EDITION HOLOGRAM LOT OF 4 CARDS
Ending Saturday at 9:29PM PST5d 4hProduct: LotPlayer: Rickey HendersonSeason: 1994
New Listing6 Rickey Henderson 1993 Upper Deck #136 Lot Oakland Athletics Baseball Cards
This is for 6 Rickey Henderson 1993 Upper Deck #136, Oakland Athletics, very good condition.
Ending Nov 21 at 5:52PM PST9dProduct: LotLeague: Major LeaguePlayer: Rickey Henderson
Rickey Henderson Lot of 6 Baseball Cards Upper Deck Oakland A’s Lou Brock
Ending Tuesday at 1:09PM PST20h 11mProduct: LotLeague: Major LeaguePlayer: Rickey Henderson
LOT OF 161 RICKEY HENDERSON 1992 UPPER DECK MIXED LOT GRAND THEFT CHECKLIST
LOT OF 161 RICKEY HENDERSON 1992 UD MIXED LOT WITH 51 CHECKLIST CARDS #90, 27 DIAMOND SKILLS CHECKLIST WITH JOSE CANSECO CARDS #640 AND 83 GRAND THEFT CARDS #762 FOR A TOTAL OF 161 CARDS.
1993 UPPER DECK RICKEY HENDERSON GALLERY HEROES HOLOGRAM LOT OF 2 CARDS #29
Ending Thursday at 1:05PM PST2d 20hProduct: LotPlayer: Rickey HendersonSeason: 1993
Over (325) 1991 Upper Deck Rickey Henderson #444 Avg Nm/Mt BV $81
Over (325) 1991 Upper Deck Rickey Henderson Trading Card #444 Grades An Average of Nm/Mt and Has An Estimated Book Value of $81 A Fine Addition To Any Collection! .
Upper Deck 2003 First Pitch lot 50 cards Stars Rickey Henderson Jeter Sosa Ichi
You get 50 cards featuring Stars and season highlights see pictures of cards Will be listing many cards and memorabilia from large collection every week. I combine shipping on multiple orders please wait for invoice.
Player: Rickey HendersonSeason: 2003
1991 Upper Deck Rickey Henderson Lou Brock Stolen Base Leaders "939" #636- Lot 3
1991 Upper Deck Stolen Base Leaders #636.
Lot of 50 Rickey Henderson 86F baseball - same card 1991 Upper Deck
Player: Rickey HendersonSeason: 1991
New Listing1992 UPPER DECK RICKEY HENDERSON & JOSE CANSECO #640 CHECKLIST 3EACH +333JOSE CA
1992 UPPER DECK #640 RICKEY HENDERSON & JOSE CANSECO CHECKLIST 4EACH, #333 JOSE CANSECO.
Lot of 15 1994 Upper Deck #60 Rickey Henderson Oakland Athletics Baseball Card
Lot Of 6 (Six) Rickey Henderson Lou Brock Cards Stolen Base Upperdeck
Three 1991 Upperdeck #444 Rickey Henderson Three 1991 Upperdeck #636 Rickey Henderson/Lou Brock Cards are mint and sharp!
Ending Nov 18 at 9:42AM PST5d 16hProduct: LotPlayer: Rickey HendersonSeries: Upper Deck
1 x 1997 Upper Deck Collectors Choice Rickey Henderson**Padres*** Lots available
Rickey Henderson. 1997 Upper Deck Collectors Choice. I am liquidating my sports card collection that has been accumulated over the course of decades. Quantity: 1. Condition Opinion: Nm - NrMt.
(2) 1994 UD Upper Deck #60 RICKEY HENDERSON card lot {OAKLAND A's} Yankees
Then only. 50 per lot. Excludes lots of 6 . (excludes lots of 6 ). in lower 48 states. then only. 50 per card item/lot. there is no dust, or smudges etc. .
1992 UPPER DECK RICKEY HENDERSON #90 LOT OF 5
(2) 1990 Upper Deck Lot Rickey Henderson #334in Nr-Mt Condition.
(2) 1990 Upper Deck Lot Rickey Henderson #334 in Nr-Mt Condition.
Rickey Henderson .50 Store 1990 Upper Deck - #334 - Lot of 100 Nm/Mt
Lot of 100 Nm/Mt.
(2) 1993 Upper Deck Lot Rickey Henderson #136
(2) 1993 Upper Deck Lot Rickey Henderson #136 in Nr-Mt Condition.
12 card lot Old Baseball cards 1991 Silver Slugger Sandberg Fielder Henderson
This auction is for a bunch of old baseball cards from the 1991 Upper Deck "Silver Slugger" series. Lance Parrish Dave Parker Rickey Henderson Cecil Fielder Julio Franco Barry Larkin Benito Santiago x2 Darryl Strawberry x2 Ryne Sandberg x2 Baseball card lot. All the big stars! MVPs! Hall of Famers! Buyer adds $2.22 for shipping and handling. Be sure to check out my other auctions for more amazing stuff Check out my other auctions for some amazing deals! I HAVE AN AMAZING SALE GOING ON RIGHT NOW.
Ending Nov 18 at 2:23PM PST5d 21hProduct: LotLeague: Major LeaguePlayer: Rickey Henderson
1 x 1996 Topps Laser #44 Rickey Henderson**Padres*** Lots available
Rickey Henderson. I am liquidating my sports card collection that has been accumulated over the course of decades.
Rickey Henderson. Card # 261. I am liquidating my sports card collection that has been accumulated over the course of decades.
1990 Upper Deck Baseball Record Rickey Henderson Oakland A's Legend Mint Lot MLB
Ending Friday at 2:05PM PST3d 21hFrom CanadaProduct: LotLeague: Major LeaguePlayer: Rickey Henderson
Upper Deck Ken Griffey Jr Lot Baseball Cards
Upper Deck Derek Jeter Lot Baseball Cards
Upper Deck Lot Alex Rodriguez Baseball Trading Cards

value: This website is an American multinational e-commerce corporation based in San Jose, California, that facilitates consumer-to-consumer and business-to-consumer sales through its website.


text:
The Alhambra Court: Facsimile Edition of Original 1854 Guide by Owen Jones | 9781105003639 | NOOK Book (eBook) | Barnes & Noble
The Alhambra Court: Facsimile Edition of Original 1854 Guide
After the Great Exhibition in 1851, the famous Crystal Palace was dismantled, then moved to Sydenham. The glasshouse was expanded and set within a beautiful 200 acre, fountain-filled pleasure park. It re-opened in 1854. Education and entertainment combined at Crystal Palace. The Crystal Palace Company published a series of guides - official handbooks - describing the…
After the Great Exhibition in 1851, the famous Crystal Palace was dismantled, then moved to Sydenham. The glasshouse was expanded and set within a beautiful 200 acre, fountain-filled pleasure park. It re-opened in 1854. Education and entertainment combined at Crystal Palace. The Crystal Palace Company published a series of guides - official handbooks - describing the park's themed courts, special features, and sculpture galleries. These helped visitors interpret key features. They also provided background information. The effect was to add an air of authenticity to the visitor's experience and to justify the intricate attention to detail (and its expense). More than a dozen guides were produced. Facsimile of 1854 original edition. Complete. This guide also includes Pasqual De Gayangos, "An Historical Notice of the Kings of Granada, From the Conquest of that City by the Arabs to the Expulsion of the Moors," and Anonymous, "The Flight from Granada".
9781105003639


text:
https://www.houzz.com/pro/emberfire/ copied to clipboard
72 Followers134 Following
8 Reviews for Ember Fireplaces
pameladicola22 reviewed Ember Fireplaces
South Plainfield Fireplace Sales & Installation · South Old Bridge Fireplace Sales & Installation · Old Bridge Fireplace Sales & Installation · Cranford Fireplace Sales & Installation · Hillside Fireplace Sales & Installation · Somerset Fireplace Sales & Installation · Carteret Fireplace Sales & Installation · North Plainfield Fireplace Sales & Installation · Summit Fireplace Sales & Installation · Roselle Fireplace Sales & Installation
Edison Garage Door Sales · Edison Glass & Shower Door Dealers · Edison Handyman · Edison Hardwood Flooring Dealers · Edison Hot Tub & Spa Dealers · Edison Kitchen & Bath Fixtures · Edison Lighting · Edison Paint & Wall Coverings · Edison Siding & Exteriors · Edison Solar Energy Systems

value: This website is an American website, online community and software for architecture; interior design and decorating; landscape design and home improvement. It was founded in 2009 and is based in Palo Alto, California.


text:
Does use of cell saver decrease ... [Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann. 2013] - PubMed - NCBI
Display Settings:AbstractFormatSummarySummary (text)AbstractAbstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListApplySend to:Choose DestinationFileClipboardCollectionsE-mailOrderMy BibliographyCitation managerFormatSummary (text)Abstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListCSVCreate File1 selected item: 23430418FormatSummarySummary (text)AbstractAbstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListMeSH and Other DataE-mailSubjectAdditional textE-mail"SPAM" filtering software noticeAdd to ClipboardAdd to CollectionsOrder articlesAdd to My BibliographyGenerate a file for use with external citation management software.Create File
Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann. 2013 Feb;21(1):37-42. doi: 10.1177/0218492312446838.Does use of cell saver decrease the inflammatory response in cardiac surgery?Prieto MA, Guash S, Mendez JC, Munoz C, Planas A, Reyes G.SourceDepartment of Anesthesiology, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain.AbstractBACKGROUND: The role of a cell-saver device in the inflammatory response to cardiac surgery has not been well documented. We hypothesized that the use of a cell saver may reduce proinflammatory cytokine concentrations in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.METHODS: 57 patients presenting for first-time nonemergency cardiac surgery were prospectively randomized to control or cell salvage groups. Blood samples for inflammatory marker assays were collected from the arterial line on induction of anesthesia, at the end of cardiopulmonary bypass, 1 h after surgery, and 24 h after surgery. Plasma proinflammatory cytokines were analyzed using a sandwich solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS: The highest cytokine levels were observed 1 h after surgery. When comparing serum interleukin levels in both patient groups during the different perioperative periods, we found a higher interleukin-8 concentration 24 h after the procedure, and higher concentrations of the p40 subunit of interleukin-12 at 1 h and 24 h postoperatively. The concentrations of interleukin-6 and p40 were greater in blood stored by the cardiotomy suction system than in blood processed by the cell saver (p = 0.01 in both cases). The interleukin-8 concentration was higher in the blood processed by the cell saver (p = 0.03). No significant differences were observed in interleukin-1 and interferon gamma levels in blood from both systems. Clinical outcomes were similar in both groups.CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that cell salvage in low-risk patients undergoing their first elective cardiac procedure does not decrease the inflammatory response after surgery.PMID: 23430418 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Publication Types, MeSH Terms, SubstancesPublication TypesRandomized Controlled TrialMeSH TermsAgedBiological Markers/bloodBlood Transfusion, Autologous*/adverse effectsCardiac Surgical Procedures/adverse effects*Cardiopulmonary Bypass/adverse effects*Chi-Square DistributionEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayFemaleHumansInflammation/bloodInflammation/immunologyInflammation/prevention & control*Inflammation Mediators/blood*Interferon-gamma/bloodInterleukin-12 Subunit p40/bloodInterleukin-6/bloodInterleukin-8/bloodMaleMiddle AgedOperative Blood Salvage*/adverse effectsProspective StudiesRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsSpainSurgical Procedures, ElectiveTime FactorsTreatment OutcomeSubstancesBiological MarkersIFNG protein, humanIL12B protein, humanIL6 protein, humanIL8 protein, humanInflammation MediatorsInterleukin-12 Subunit p40Interleukin-6Interleukin-8Interferon-gammaLinkOut - more resourcesFull Text SourcesHighWireMedicalHeart Surgery - MedlinePlus Health InformationMiscellaneousNCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program


text:
For 2001-2003 Lexus LS430 Brake Master Cylinder 39543RN 2002 | eBay
2001 2002 2003 Lexus LS430 OEM POWER BRAKE BOOSTER ASSEMBLY 44610-50280
Brake Master Cylinder M838RN for P42 P32 P30 2004 2003 2002 1999 2000 2001 2005
For 2001-2006 BMW 325xi Brake Master Cylinder Grommet ATE 85237RN 2002 2003 2004
Brake Master Cylinder Y554RN for Suburban 1500 Silverado HD Avalanche Tahoe 2002
For 1999-2002 Kia Sportage Brake Master Cylinder 23584RN 2000 2001
autopartsgeek (71290 )
Details about For 2001-2003 Lexus LS430 Brake Master Cylinder 39543RN 2002
For 1998-2003 Mercedes ML320 Brake Master Cylinder 75358ZS 2002 2000 2001 1999
For 1999-2012 Isuzu NPR HD Brake Master Cylinder Centric 19452PW 2002 2005 2000
For 1939-1940 Ford Standard Brake Master Cylinder Dorman 12958MH
For 1978-1979 Toyota Celica Brake Master Cylinder Dorman 68538WY
For 1966 Pontiac GTO Brake Master Cylinder Dorman 34995WM
For 1975-1976 GMC P35 Brake Master Cylinder Dorman 96965NQ
For 2002-2003 Toyota Camry Brake Master Cylinder Dorman 74894FZ
For 1967-1969 Chevrolet Impala Brake Master Cylinder Dorman 23377YN 1968
For 1999-2001 Honda CRV Brake Master Cylinder Dorman 64868KG 2000
For 1999-2001 Honda CRV Brake Master Cylinder Centric 11648RF 2000
For 1997-2004 Mitsubishi Montero Sport Brake Master Cylinder Centric 83292QD
392398731933
Last updated on Jan 31, 2020 20:15:35 PST View all revisions
Years: 2001 2002 2003 Part Number: 39543RN
Application: Lexus LS430 Brake Master Cylinder Warranty: 12 Month Warranty
Product Name: Brake Master Cylinder Notes: ADVICS Original Equipment Manufacturer -- Advics OE
CS-SKU: 400:39543RN


text:
In addition to an indoor pool, Wyndham Grand Salzburg Conference Centre provides a sauna and a fitness center. The hotel offers a restaurant. A bar/lounge is on site where guests can unwind with a drink. A computer station is located on site and wireless Internet access is complimentary. This 4-star property offers access to a 24-hour business center, limo/town car service, and meeting rooms. Event facilities measuring 1750 square feet (163 square meters) include a conference center. This business-friendly hotel also offers spa services, tour/ticket assistance, and multilingual staff. 24-hour front desk Free newspapers in lobby Bar/lounge Conference space Dry cleaning/laundry service Elevator/lift Breakfast available (surcharge) Fitness facilities Tours/ticket assistance Computer station Total number of rooms - 262 Laundry facilities Number of floors - 6 Meeting rooms 16 Luggage storage Restaurant Safe-deposit box at front desk Conference space size (feet) - 1750 Spa services on site Indoor pool Television in common areas Concierge services Free WiFi Limo or Town Car service available Multilingual staff Porter/bellhop Conference space size (meters) - 163 Number of meeting rooms - 14 24-hour business center Conference center Sauna Number of buildings/towers - 1 Show all hotel amenities
Air conditioning Phone Minibar Coffee/tea maker Private bathroom Hair dryer Shower/tub combination Hypo-allergenic bedding available In-room climate control (air conditioning) Daily housekeeping Free toiletries Room service (24 hours) Free cribs/infant beds Connecting/adjoining rooms available Desk Iron/ironing board In-room safe Blackout drapes/curtains Flat-panel TV Free WiFi Show all room amenities

value: This website is an online travel agency owned by Expedia Group, an American online travel shopping company based in Seattle.


text:
NWT VERA BRADLEY VILLAGER TWIRLY PINK TOTE BAG PURSE SHOULDER BAG RETIRED NWT | eBay Please enable JavaScript Our new search experience requires JavaScript to be enabled. Please enable JavaScript on your browser, then try again.
View: Gallery view NWT VERA BRADLEY VILLAGER TWIRLY PINK TOTE BAG PU...: NWT VERA BRADLEY VILLAGER TWIRLY PINK TOTE BAG PURSE SHOULDER BAG RETIRED NWT0 results. You may also like
Vera Bradley Twirly Birds Pink Vera Tote Bag Retired
New VERA BRADLEY Twirly Birds Pink Retired Medium Size Tote Shoulder Bag Purse
NWOT Vera Bradley Pinwheel Pink Villager Shoulder Bag - RARE retired in 2009
Vera Bradley TWIRLY BIRDS PINK Flipster HIPSTER Shoulder CROSSBODY Purse BAG NWT
Vera Bradley Twirly Bird Pink Handbag Crossbody Purse Tote Shoulder Bag 4 pocket
Vera Bradley Villager Tote Bag Purse PIROUETTE PINK NWT Retired Ships Free
Vera Bradley, Capri Melon Villager Tote Shoulder Bag Retired Pink -NWT!
VERA BRADLEY RETIRED GREENFIELD VILLAGER SHOULDER TOTE BAG
Vera Bradley TWIRLY BIRDS NAVY TURN LOCK WALLET for PURSE Tote BACKPACK Bag NWT


text:
Advanced Signal Processing: Theory and Implementation for Sonar, Radar, and Non-Invasive Medical Diagnostic Systems / Edition 2 by Stergios Stergiopoulos | 9781420062380 | Hardcover | Barnes & Noble
Discover the Applicability, Benefits, and Potential of New Technologies As advances in algorithms and computer technology have bolstered the digital signal processing capabilities of real-time sonar, radar, and non-invasive medical diagnostics systems, cutting-edge military and defense research has established conceptual similarities in these areas. Now…
Table of ContentsSignal Processing Concept Similarities among Sonar, Radar and Noninvasive Medical Diagnostic Systems, S. Stergiopoulos Section I Generic Topics on Signal Processing Adaptive Systems for Signal Process, S. Haykin Advanced Beamformers, S. Stergiopoulos Advanced Applications of Volume Visualization Methods in Medicine, G. Sakas, G. Karangelis and A. Pommert Medical Image Registration and Fusion Techniques: A Review, G. K. Matsopoulos Segmentation, Registration and Fusion of Medical Images, M. Erdt Acoustic Diffraction Computed Tomography Imaging, S. Stergiopoulos, W. A. Younis, J. Grodski and D. Havelock A Review on Face and Gait Recognition: System, Data and Algorithms, Haiping Lu, Jie Wang and K. N. Plataniotis Section II Sonar and Radar System Applications Detection Paradigms for Radar, B. Balaji, M. K. McDonald, and A. Damini Sonar Systems, G. Clifford Carter, S. K. Mehta and B. E. McTaggart Theory and Implementation of Advanced Signal Processing for Active and Passive Sonar Systems, S. Stergiopoulos and G. Edelson Section III Medical Diagnostic System Applications Digital 3D/4D Ultrasound Imaging Technology, S. Stergiopoulos Magnetic Resonance Tomography—Imaging with a Nonlinear System, A. Oppelt Organ Motion Effects in Medical CT Imaging Applications, I. Cunningham, S. Stergiopoulos and A. Dhanantwari Cardiac Motion Effects in MultiSlice Medical CT Imaging Applications, S. Stergiopoulos and W. A. Younis NonInvasive Monitoring of Vital Signs and Traumatic Brain Injuries, S. Stergiopoulos, A. Freibert, J. Zhang and D. Hatzinakos Examination of Contrast Agents in Medical Imaging using Physiologically Constrained Deconvolution, R. Z. Stodilka, B. Lewden, M. Jerosch-Herold, E. Sabondjian, and F.S. Prato Arterial Spin Labeling: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technique for Measuring Cerebral Perfusion, K. St. Lawrence, D. G. Owen and F. S. Prato Computer Aided Diagnosis in Mammography with Emphasis on Automatic Detection of Microcalcifications, Y. Man Ro, S. Ho Jin and K. N. PlataniotisRead More


text:
This group's content is available only to members - The New York City (NYC) Gnostic School (Brooklyn, NY) | Meetup
Gnostics 682
The New York City Gnostic School, Richard
Gnostic · Meditation · Astral Projection · Kabbalah
https://www.facebook.com/NYCGnosticSchool
The NYC Gnostic School is a place where people interested in Gnosis can meet and learn more about topics such as Kabbalah, Tantra, Esoteric Psychology, Meditation, Astral Projection, Dream Yoga, Ancient scriptures and more through our live weekly lectures.
We have experienced Gnostic instructors who have taught all over the world. Come and listen to a lecture and share your thoughts and feelings related to the teachings.
Explore the ancient wisdom of Gnosis and Gnosticism by visiting these websites:
Learn more about Gnosis by going to http://www.gnosticteachings.org/
Here's a link to some great introductory topics: http://gnosticteachings.org/the-teachings-o...
Buy related books, incense, and more at http://gnosticteachings.org/store.html
To listen to free Gnostic lectures visit http://gnosticteachings.org/radio.html
You can study a variety of free online courses at http://gnosticteachings.org/courses.html
Or read books about Gnosis, the root knowledge of all sciences, philosophies, religions, and arts. Learn the practical means to nourish and grow the best qualities of the human being, while acquiring personal experience of the Divine. The books are available worldwide in print, ebook, and online editions. Learn more here: http://gnosticteachings.org/books.html
Like us on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/NYCGnosticSchool
The NYC Gnostic School
JOIN US IN GREENPOINT, BROOKLYN FOR: LIVE LECTURES: Most Saturdays at 2pm (check the calendar. Please note that in August there are no classes- Summer break).
GROUP MEDITATION: Saturdays at 3:45pm (check the calendar. Please note that in August there are no classes- Summer break).
Free lectures, ebooks, audio lectures and more.
The Gnostic Store
Gnostic books, music, posters, and videos.
Provides books, websites, videos, and retreats.
4,337 Conscious Lovers

value: This website is a service used to organize online groups that host in-person and virtual events for people with similar interests. It was founded in 2002 by Chairman Scott Heiferman and four co-founders.


text:
Words that end in yllon | Words ending in yllon
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/words-that-end-in-yllon
Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary 10,211,890,968 visitors served
Words that end in yllon
Found 2 words that end in yllon. Browse our Scrabble Word Finder, Words With Friends cheat dictionary, and WordHub word solver to find words that end with yllon. Or use our Unscramble word solver to find your best possible play! Related: Words containing yllon
13-letter words that end in yllon12-letter words that end in yllonSee also
13-letter words that end in yllon
12-letter words that end in yllon
Words that end in hyllon
Words that end in llon
Words that end in ullon

value: This website is an American online dictionary and encyclopedia that aggregates information from various sources.