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ios - Correct management of addObserverForName:object:queue:usingBlock: - Stack Overflow
8 I'm still new to blocks in objective-c and wondering if I have this psuedo code correct. I'm not sure if it's enough to just remove the observer or if i have to call removeObserver:name:object:
-(void) scan {
id scanComplete = [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserverForName:@"ScanComplete"
object:scanner
usingBlock:^(NSNotification *notification){
[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] removeObserver:scanComplete];
[scanner startScan];
Update: I'm receiving intermittent EXC_BAD_ACCESS from this block, so this can't be right.
ios objective-c xcode cocoa objective-c-blocks share|improve this question edited Mar 25 '13 at 7:43
asked Dec 29 '10 at 1:09
Declare the scanComplete variable before defining the block itself.
The reason why you need to do this is because you're trying to access a variable that doesn't exist within the block at the time of definition since the variable itself has not been assigned yet.
What is EXC_BAD_ACCESS? Well, it's an exception that is thrown when you try to access a reference that doesn't exist. So that is exactly the case in your example.
So if you declare the variable before the block itself, then it should work:
__block id scanComplete;
scanComplete = [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserverForName:@"ScanComplete"
answered Dec 29 '10 at 4:16
You need __block id scanComplete;, or it will be copied into the block and you will be leaking observers.
In the world of ARC, the comment on using __block to avoid capture no longer holds true. What does hold true, is that the __block qualifier fixes a fundamental problem: when the block is defined, addObserverForName:... has not returned yet, so the value that is captured is nil at best (when running under ARC, because of its implicit auto-nil on variable declaration), or undefined, trading one BAD_ACCESS for completely undefined behavior, at worst…
Removing the observer by referring to a local variable from inside the block was always skanky. Store the returned observer token (here, scanComplete) as an instance variable; under ARC this should be a __weak instance variable to prevent a retain cycle on self.
@matt Why? What's skanky about wanting to completely localize the scope of all the moving parts involved with block-based notifications?
[scanner release]; should be outside the block
You should not unregister in the register block. Instead, store the token returned from addObserverForName (in this case, your scanComplete) as an instance variable or in a collection that is an instance variable, and unregister later when you're about to go out of existence (e.g. in dealloc). What I do is keep an NSMutableSet called observers. So:
id ob = [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter]
addObserverForName:@"whatever" object:nil queue:nil
[self->observers addObject:ob];
for (id ob in self->observers)
[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] removeObserver:ob];
self->observers = nil;
answered Nov 23 '11 at 18:56
61.8k1393163
If you want a one-shot notification, I don't see why you shouldn't be able unregister in the block itself.
The scope of the block doesn't have permission to release the scanner object. If you're not using garbage collection, removing the release and making the scanner autorelease ([[[Scanner alloc] init] autorelease]) should do the trick.
You should also be able to safely move the call to removeObserver outside of the block.
For the case of EXC_BAD_ACCESS: Entering bt in the console window after the application crashes will give you a backtrace, and should inform you where the error occurred.
share|improve this answer answered Dec 29 '10 at 9:21
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A Handbook for New Stoics: How to Thrive in a World Out of Your Control-52 Week-by-Week Lessons by Massimo Pigliucci, Gregory Lopez |, Paperback | Barnes & Noble® B&N Top 100 NY Times Bestsellers
A Handbook for New Stoics: How to Thrive in a World Out of Your Control-52 Week-by-Week Lessons
by Massimo Pigliucci, Gregory LopezMassimo Pigliucci
13 New & Used Starting at $8.11
English 1615195335
In 52 pithy and practicable lessons, Pigliucci (How to Be a Stoic), professor of philosophy at City College of New York, and Lopez, host of Stoic Camp New York, explain how lessons plucked from an ancient Greco-Roman philosophy can reshape one’s sense of self. The authors rest their thesis on two Stoic tenets: that cultivating character (not material wealth, achievement, or the actions of others) leads to a satisfying, virtuous life, and that focus should be placed on what is in one’s control, not on what is outside one’s influence. They then offer lessons that can be practiced over the course of a week or on an ad-hoc basis. The authors recommend readers take another’s perspective, strengthen oneself through “mild self-deprivation” such as fasting or exposure to elements, imagine future adversity, and start practicing minimalism. Each chapter contains a short, real-world example of how the skill or lesson in question is beneficial, and then a commentary on how the Stoics interpreted the concept. For instance, in “Cut out busyness,” they write, “The first question a Stoic would ask of someone who is too busy is whether they have their priorities straight.” This successful blend of knowledge and action items will entice readers looking for thoughtful prompts for self-reflection. (June)
In 52 pithy and practicable lessons, Pigliucci and Lopez explain how lessons plucked from an ancient Greco-Roman philosophy can reshape one’s sense of self. . . .This successful blend of knowledge and action items will entice readers looking for thoughtful prompts for self-reflection.”—Publishers Weekly
book by gail vaz-oxlade

type: global

value: This website is an American bookseller. It is a Fortune 1000 company and the bookseller with the largest number of retail outlets in the United States.


text:
Roadshows - definition of roadshows by The Free Dictionary
https://www.thefreedictionary.com/roadshows
Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary 11,317,050,783 visitors served
The roadshows provide information focused on key issues such as advancement, detailing, supply enlisted community health, supply initiatives, career planning, career navigator, retention, special programs, separations, and retirement.
Fiji : Minister KOYA leads 2016 tourism Fiji roadshow in India
As movie roadshows hit their stride in the decades after the Second World War, they became what the author calls a "type" of film, often characterized by epic storytelling, widescreen presentation, a running time that justified an intermission, the sale of souvenir programs, and symphonic musical scores in surround stereo.
The sources further said that another roadshow for Rahul being planned for February 5 has been shelved as most of the party candidates would have their own roadshows on the last day of the campaigning and it would not be wise to organise a roadshow for Rahul Gandhi.
Antiques Roadshow series editor, Simon Shaw, said: "We love meeting our viewers at Antiques Roadshows and so many people tell us how much they enjoy the experience of meeting Fiona and the experts and seeing how the show is made.
Summary: Allied Telesis has teamed up with its authorised distributor, Specialist Computer Distribution (SCD) to conduct a series of roadshows for its channel partners, starting August 19th, 2014.
Etisalat, the UAE's leading telecom operator, has launched extensive roadshows across Abu Dhabi and Dubai to promote the slew of recently-introduced flexible and convenient data packages for prepaid and postpaid customers.
TENNIS Wales is launching a series of roadshows across South Wales to help those involved in the sport to provide the best possible service to club members and others.
Some 300 investors attended the roadshows in Chicago, Los Angeles and Boston, a 31 percent increase from last year's attendance, officials said.
US investors bullish on PH-Cuisia
This reference compiles info on US roadshows of longer films, often held at only one theater in a region for months at a time.
Movie roadshows; a history and filmography of reserved-seat limited showings, 1911-1973

value: This website is an American online dictionary and encyclopedia that aggregates information from various sources.


text:
Patent US6646442 - Voltage detection device for a battery package - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsTo detect terminal voltages in a battery package including high and low potential groups connected in series, a positive terminal of one battery module in the high potential group outputting the highest potential is connected through a resistor to a junction point connected to a negative terminal of...http://www.google.com/patents/US6646442?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6646442 - Voltage detection device for a battery packageAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS6646442 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 10/128,241Publication dateNov 11, 2003Filing dateApr 24, 2002Priority dateApr 26, 2001Fee statusPaidAlso published asUS20020158634Publication number10128241, 128241, US 6646442 B2, US 6646442B2, US-B2-6646442, US6646442 B2, US6646442B2InventorsTomoya KatohOriginal AssigneeDenso CorporationExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (6), Referenced by (9), Classifications (17), Legal Events (3) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetVoltage detection device for a battery packageUS 6646442 B2Abstract To detect terminal voltages in a battery package including high and low potential groups connected in series, a positive terminal of one battery module in the high potential group outputting the highest potential is connected through a resistor to a junction point connected to a negative terminal of another battery module in the low potential group outputting the lowest potential through another resistor having the same resistance. Other positive and negative terminals of pairs of module battery outputting successive lower voltage potentials in the high potential group and successive higher voltage potentials in the low potential group are connected to junction points through resistors, respectively. Voltages at junction points, differences in voltage potential between the successive two junction points, or differences in potential between the junction points and a middle potential at the junction between the high and low groups is measured. Battery module voltages or variation are calculated.
What is claimed is: 1. A voltage detection device for a battery package including high and low voltage groups of battery modules connected in series, said high and low voltage groups including N of said battery modules connected in series, respectively, a positive terminal of the Lth battery module in said high voltage group outputting the highest voltage potential in said battery package when L=1, a negative terminal of the Lth battery module in said low voltage group outputting the lowest voltage potential in said battery package when wherein L=1, 1≦L≦N;
N junction points; 2N current limiting resistive elements, a positive terminal of said Lth battery module in said high voltage group being connected to the Lth junction point through one of said current limiting resistive elements, a negative terminal of said Lth battery module in said low voltage group being connected to said Lth junction point through another one of said current limiting resistive elements; and voltage detection means for detecting and outputting voltage potentials at said N junction points. 2. The voltage detection device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising N voltage difference detection circuits for detecting and outputting voltage differences between said Lth and (L+1)th junction points, respectively, wherein said Nth voltage difference detection circuit detects a voltage difference between said Nth junction point and a connection point between said high and low voltage groups of battery modules.
3. The voltage detection device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising potential difference detection means for detecting and outputting potential differences between voltage potentials at said N junction points and a reference voltage at a connection point between said high and low voltage groups of battery modules.
4. The voltage detection device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising data processing means for calculating output voltages of said 2N battery modules from said detected voltage potentials, respectively.
5. The voltage detection device as claimed in claim 2, further comprising data processing means for calculating output voltages of said 2N battery modules from outputs of said N voltage difference detection circuits, respectively.
6. The voltage detection device as claimed in claim 3, further comprising data processing means for calculating output voltages of said 2N battery modules from said detected potential differences, respectively.
7. The voltage detection device as claimed in claim 5, wherein said data processing means calculates variations in said output voltages of said 2N battery modules, respectively.
8. The voltage detection device as claimed in claim 6, wherein said data processing means calculates variations in said output voltages of said 2N battery modules, respectively.
9. A voltage detection device for a battery package including high and low voltage groups of battery modules connected in series, said high and low voltage groups including N of said battery modules connected in series, respectively, a positive terminal of the Lth battery module in said high voltage group outputting the highest voltage potential in said battery package when L=1, a negative terminal of the Lth battery module in said low voltage group outputting the lowest voltage potential in said battery package when wherein L=1, 1≦L≦N;
N junction points; 2N current limiting resistive elements, a positive terminal of said Lth battery module in said high voltage group being connected to the Lth junction point through one of said current limiting resistive elements, a negative terminal of said Lth battery module in said low voltage group being connected to said Lth junction point through another one of said current limiting resistive elements; and voltage detection and operation means for detecting voltage potentials at said N junction points and for obtaining and outputting conditional data of said battery modules from said detected voltage potentials. 10. The voltage detection device as claimed in claim 9, wherein said voltage detection and operation means comprises N voltage difference detection circuits for detecting voltage differences between said Lth and (L+1)th junction points, respectively, wherein said Nth voltage difference detection circuit detects a voltage difference between said Nth junction point and a connection point between said high and low voltage groups of battery modules to obtain said conditional data from said voltage differences.
11. The voltage detection device as claimed in claim 9, wherein said voltage detection and operation means comprises potential difference detection means for detecting potential differences between voltage potentials at said N junction points and a reference voltage at a connection point between said high and low voltage groups of battery modules to obtain said conditional data from said potential differences.
12. The voltage detection device as claimed in claim 9, wherein said voltage detection and operation means comprises calculating means for calculating output voltages of said 2N battery modules from said detected voltage potentials, respectively.
This invention relates to a voltage detection device for a battery package.
Battery packages used in hybrid automobiles, electric cars, or fuel-cell-powered vehicles preferably include a plurality of battery modules connected in series because a high voltage output reduces transmission loss and provides miniaturization of motors.
In the battery package circuit with a high voltage output, an output voltage of each battery module was measured individually. However, in this case, the maximum voltage potential difference is large because of the series connection, so that the circuit elements in voltage detection device should have high withstand voltage requirements. In other words, a voltage detection device having a circuit structure allowing a low withstand voltage requirement is desired.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The aim of the present invention is to provide a superior voltage detection device for a battery package.
According to the present invention, a first aspect of the present invention provides a voltage detection device for a battery package including high and low voltage groups of battery modules connected in series, said high and low voltage groups including N of said battery modules connected in series, respectively, a positive terminal of said Lth battery module in said high voltage group outputting the highest voltage potential in said battery package when L=1, a negative terminal of said Lth battery module in said low voltage group outputting the lowest voltage potential in said battery package when L=1, 1≦L≦N;
N junction points;
2N current limiting resistive elements, a positive terminal of said Lth battery module in said high voltage group being connected to said Lth junction point through one of said current limiting resistive elements, a negative terminal of said Lth battery module in said low voltage group being connected to said Lth junction point through another one of said current limiting resistive elements; and
voltage detection means for detecting and outputting voltage potentials at said N junction points.
According to the present invention, a second aspect of the present invention based on said first aspect provides the voltage detection device further comprising N voltage difference detection circuits for detecting and outputting voltage differences between said Lth and (L+1)th junction points, respectively, wherein said Nth voltage difference detection circuit detects a voltage difference between said Nth junction point and a connection point between said high and low voltage groups of battery modules.
According to the present invention, a third aspect of the present invention based on said first aspect provides the voltage detection device further comprising potential difference detection means for detecting and outputting potential differences between voltage potentials at said N junction points and a reference voltage at a connection point between said high and low voltage groups of battery modules.
According to the present invention, a fourth aspect of the present invention based on said first aspect provides the voltage detection device further comprising data processing means for calculating output voltages of said 2N battery modules from said detected voltage potentials, respectively.
According to the present invention, a fifth aspect of the present invention based on said second aspect provides the voltage detection device further comprising data processing means for calculating output voltages of said 2N battery modules from outputs of said N voltage difference detection circuits, respectively.
According to the present invention, a sixth aspect of the present invention based on said third aspect provides the voltage detection device further comprising data processing means for calculating output voltages of said 2N battery modules from said detected potential differences, respectively.
According to the present invention, a seventh aspect of the present invention based on said fifth aspect provides the voltage detection device, wherein said data processing means calculates variations in said output voltages of said 2N battery modules, respectively.
According to the present invention, an eighth aspect of the present invention based on said sixth aspect provides the voltage detection device, wherein said data processing means calculates variations in said output voltages of said 2N battery modules, respectively.
According to the present invention, a ninth aspect of the present invention aspect provides the voltage detection device for a battery package including high and low voltage groups of battery modules connected in series, said high and low voltage groups including N of said battery modules connected in series, respectively, a positive terminal of said Lth battery module in said high voltage group outputting the highest voltage potential in said battery package when L=1, a negative terminal of said Lth battery module in said low voltage group outputting the lowest voltage potential in said battery package when L=1, 1≦L≦N;
voltage detection and operation means for detecting voltage potentials at said N junction points and for obtaining and outputting conditional data of said battery modules from said detected voltage potentials.
According to the present invention, a tenth aspect of the present invention based on the ninth aspect provides the voltage detection device, wherein said voltage detection and operation means comprises N voltage difference detection circuits for detecting voltage differences between said Lth and (L+1)th junction points, respectively, wherein said Nth voltage difference detection circuit detects a voltage difference between said Nth junction point and a connection point between said high and low voltage groups of battery modules to obtain said conditional data from said detected voltage differences.
According to the present invention, an eleventh aspect of the present invention based on said ninth aspect provides the voltage detection device, wherein said voltage detection and operation means comprises potential difference detection means for detecting potential differences between voltage potentials at said N junction points and a reference voltage at a connection point between said high and low voltage groups of battery modules to obtain said conditional data from said detected potential differences.
According to the present invention, a twelfth aspect of the present invention based on the ninth aspect provides the voltage detection device, wherein said voltage detection and operation means comprises calculating means for calculating output voltages of said 2N battery modules from said detected voltage potentials, respectively.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a voltage detection device for detecting terminal voltages in a battery package according to the first and second embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows a voltage detection device according to a third embodiment;
FIG. 3 shows a voltage detection device according to a fourth embodiment;
FIG. 4 shows a voltage detection device according to a fifth embodiment;
FIG. 5 shows a voltage detection device according to a sixth embodiment; and
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a voltage detection device for detecting terminal voltages in a battery package according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a voltage detection device for detecting terminal voltages in a battery package according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
The battery package 100 includes fifteen battery modules 1 to 15 connected in series. The battery module 8 is divided into half modules 8 x and 8 y. If the number of battery modules in the battery package 100 is even, the battery modules 1 to 7 and 9 to 15 have m single cells connected in series, respectively (m is an even or odd number), and the number of battery modules 8 includes no single cells. That is, battery modules in the battery package 100 is simply divided into two, i.e., high and low voltage groups 100H and 100L.
If the number of battery modules in the battery package 100 is odd, the battery modules 1-15 have m single cells connected in series, respectively (m is an even number), and the battery module 8 includes half modules 8 x and 8 y including m/2 single cells connected in series, respectively. However, it is also possible that the battery modules 1 to 7 and 9 to 15 have m single cells connected in series, respectively, and the number of battery modules 8 includes half modules 8 x and 8 y including m single cells, respectively. That is, the battery module 8 includes 2 m single cells (this case is equivalent to the above-mentioned case that the number of battery modules is even). In this case, m may be an odd number. In other words, the battery modules should be divided into the high and low voltage groups 100H and 100L with a symmetrical structure to output the middle potential (reference voltage potential) Vr of the battery package 100.
The half modules 8 x and 8 y connected in series through a connection point Pr. Here, if m is one, each of the battery modules comprises a single cell.
Positive terminals of battery packages 1 to 8 are connected to first ends of current limiting resistive elements R1 to R8, respectively. Negative terminals of battery packages 9 to 15 are connected to first ends of current limiting resistive elements R9 to R16, respectively. A positive terminal of battery package 8 y is connected to a first end of current limiting resistive element R17. The opposite second ends of the current limiting resistive elements R1 to R8 are connected to inputs of buffers B1 to B8 through junction points P1 to P8, respectively. The opposite second ends of the current limiting resistive elements R9 to R16 are also connected to inputs of buffers B1 to B8 through junction points P1 to P8, respectively.
In other words, the battery package 100 includes high and low voltage groups 100H and 100L of battery modules 1-15 connected in series with the connection point Pr therebetween. The high and low voltage groups 100H and 100L include N (8) of the battery modules 1-8 x and 8 y-15, respectively. The positive terminal of the Lth battery module in the high voltage group 100H outputting the highest voltage potential in the battery package 100 when L=1. The negative terminal of the Lth battery module in the low voltage group 100L outputting the lowest voltage potential in the battery package 100 when L=1, wherein 1≦L≦N. The voltage detection device comprises the N junction points P1 to P8, and 2N current limiting resistive elements R1-R8 and R9-R16. The positive terminal of the Lth battery module 1-8 x in the high voltage group 100H is connected to the Lth junction point (P1-P8) through one of the current limiting resistive elements R1-R8. The negative terminal of the same Lth battery module 8 y-15 in the low voltage group 100L is connected to the Lth junction point (P1-P8) through another one of the current limiting resistive elements R9-R16. The voltage detection device further comprises a voltage detection circuit 35 for detecting voltage potentials at the N junction points P1 to P8 and the connection point Pr between the high and low groups 100H and 100L as the data of terminal voltages in the battery package 100.
The voltage detection circuit 35 comprises N voltage difference detection circuits 21 to 28 for detecting voltage differences between the Lth and (L−1)th junction points, respectively, wherein Nth voltage difference detection circuit 28 detects a voltage difference between the Nth junction point and the connection point Pr between the high and low voltage groups 100H and 100L of battery modules.
Moreover, the voltage detection device further comprises a a operation circuit 30 for processing the data to calculate output voltage of the Lth battery modules of the high and low voltage groups from the detected voltage potentials, respectively.
The connection point Pr between the half modules 8 x and 8 y, that is, a negative terminal of the half module 8 x is connected to an input of a current buffer B9 through a current limiting resistive element R17. Here, the number of single cells in each half modules 8 x and 8 y may be the same as that of the other battery modules. Moreover the current buffers B1 to B9 may be omitted.
Outputs of the current buffers B1 to B9 are supplied to differential voltage detection circuits 21 to 28, respectively. Each of the differential voltage detection circuits 21 to 28 detects a voltage potential difference between two junction points (P1-P8) neighboring to each other.
Here, ratios in resistance between the current limiting resistive elements R1 and R16, between the current limiting resistive elements R2 and R15, between the current limiting resistive elements R3 and R14, between the current limiting resistive elements R4 and R13, between the current limiting resistive elements R5 and R12, between the current limiting resistive elements R6 and R11, between the current limiting resistive elements R7 and R10, and between the current limiting resistive elements R8 and R9 are the same. More specifically, the ratio is one in this embodiment. Here, though there is dispersion in resistance between the current limiting resistive elements R1-R16, it is assumed that the dispersion is negligible or fine trimmed.
Here, it is assumed that the module voltage of the battery module 1 is V1; that of the battery module 2, V2; that of the battery module 3, V3; that of the battery module 4, V4; that of the battery module 5, V5; that of the battery module 6, V6; that of the battery module 7, V7; that of the battery module 8, V8 (=V8 a+V8 b); that of the battery module 9, V9; that of the battery module 10, V10; that of the battery module 11, V11; that of the battery module 12, V12; that of the battery module 13, V13; that of the battery module 14, V14; and that of the battery module 15, V15.
Then, the output voltage VB28 of the differential voltage detection circuit 28 is represented by (V8/2)−Vr. Vr represents a reference voltage potential at the connection point Pr between the half models 8 x and 8 y. The output voltage VB27 of the differential voltage detection circuit 27 is represented by (V7+V8+V9) /2−(V8)/2=(V7+V9)/2. The output voltage VB26 of the differential voltage detection circuit 26 is represented by (V6+V7+V8+V9+V10)/2−(V7+V8+V9)/2=(V6+V10)/2.
Similarly, the output voltage VB25 of the differential voltage detection circuit 25 is represented by (V5+V11). The output voltage VB24 of the differential voltage detection circuit 24 is represented by (V4+V12). The output voltage VB23 of the differential voltage detection circuit 23 is represented by (V3+V13). The output voltage VB22 of the differential voltage detection circuit 22 is represented by (V2+V14). The output voltage VB21 of the differential voltage detection circuit 21 is represented by (V1+V15).
That is, if the reference voltage potential Vr is known, V8=V8 a+V8 b can be calculated from the output voltage VB28. Then, if the module voltage V8 is known, (V7+V9) can be calculated from the output voltage VB27. Then, if V8 and (V7+V9) are known, (V6+V10) can be calculated from the output voltage VB26. Then, if V8, (V7+V9), and (V6+V10) are known, (V5+V11) can be calculated from the output voltage VB25. Then, if V8, (V7+V9), (V6+V10), (V5+V11) are known, (V4+V12) can be calculated from the output voltage VB24.
Then, if V8, (V7+V9), (V6+V10), (V5+V11), and (V4+V12) are known, (V3+V13) can be calculated from the output voltage VB23. Then, if V8, (V7+V9), (V6+V10), (V5+V11), (V4+V12), and (V3+V13) are known, (V2+V14) can be calculated from the output voltage VB22. Then, if V8, (V7+V9), (V6+V10), (V5+V11), (V4+V12), and (V3+V13), (V2+V14) are known, (V1+V15) can be calculated from the output voltage VB21.
The reference voltage potential Vr can be detected through the current limiting resistive element R17. Thus, this method provides voltage sums of pairs of different battery modules out of the battery modules 1 to 7, 9 to 15, and the half modules 8 x and 8 y. Accordingly, if it is assumed that the battery modules 1 to 7 and 9 to 15, and the half modules 8 x and 8 y are used in this circuit, these battery modules 1 to 7, 9 to 15, 8 x, and 8 y connected in series are grouped into the high and low groups 100H and 100L symmetrically with respect to the connection point Pr, voltage sums of N pairs of battery modules can be calculated (N=8 in this embodiment and the number of battery modules 1 to 7 and 9 to 15, and half modules 8 x and 8 y is 2N).
The output voltages VB21 to VB28 of the differential voltage detection circuits 21 to 28 are supplied to an operation circuit 30 which makes the above-mentioned calculation. The operation circuit 30 may comprise an analog operation circuit or A/D converters for converting the output voltages VB21 to VB28 and the reference voltage potential Vr and a microprocessor for making the above-mentioned calculations with a program.
More specifically, the operation circuit 30 operates and outputs variations in the output voltages of the 2N battery modules, respectively from voltage differences between the successive pair of junction points P1 to P8. That is, the operation circuit 30 operates Δ V1=2(VB21), Δ V2=2(VB22), Δ V3=2(VB23), Δ V4=2(VB24), Δ V5=2(VB25), Δ V6=2(VB26), Δ V7=2(VB27), and Δ V8=2(VB28) when VB(2j)−VB(2k)>0, k=j−1.
When VB(2j)−VB(2k)<0, k=j−1, the operation circuit 30 outputs Δ V15=2(VB21), Δ V14=2(VB22), Δ V13=2(VB23), Δ V12=2(VB24), Δ V11=2(VB25), Δ V10=2(VB26), Δ V9=2(VB27), and Δ V8=2(VB28). Because each battery module 1-15 includes the same type of and same capacity of cells in the initial condition, the operation circuit 30 further calculates (estimates) and outputs the output voltages V1−V15 of the battery modules 1-15 from the standard output voltage of a battery module (or cell) and the variations Δ V1−Δ V15 in the output voltage of the battery modules 1-15. Moreover, the full charged voltage tends only to decrease with passage of time, so that the polarity of the differences between the successive junction points P1 to P8 provides information indicating which of battery modules in each pair (1 or 15, for example) varies in the output voltage.
Moreover, the operation circuit 30 may output the output voltages VB21 to VB28 as detection voltage.
The voltage detection device further comprises a power supply circuit 40 for supplying supply powers to the current buffer circuits B1 to B9, the differential voltage detection circuits 21 to 28, and the operation circuit 30 and supplies reference voltage potential Vr, Vref1 to Vrefn. The power for the power supply circuit 40 can be supplied with power from the battery package 100 and can be supplied from an external power source. In this case, the outputs of the power supply circuit 40 are electrically insulated from the inputs thereof with a DC-DC converter having an isolation transformer.
The reference voltages Vref1 to Vrefn have different threshold levels to judge the condition of each output voltage with n steps. The operation circuit 30 outputs the comparing result of output voltages of battery modules 1 to 15 with n threshold levels.
The input dynamic range of the differential voltage detection circuits 21 to 28 is set to have positive and negative predetermined ranges around the reference voltage potential Vr. The differential voltage detection circuits 21 to 28 output the reference voltage potential Vr when the input voltage differences is 0 V, respectively. Thus, the low withstand voltage can be provided.
According to this embodiment, the input voltages at the current buffers B1 to B9 or the differential voltage detection circuits 21 to 28 exist near the reference voltage potential Vr and vary around the reference voltage potential Vr in accordance with the module voltages of the battery modules 1 to 15. Thus, inputs of the current buffers B1 to B9, the differential voltage detection circuits 21 to 28, and the circuit for processing the output voltage of the differential voltage detection circuit 21 to 28 are substantially at the same voltage potential, and thus, this allows making the input dynamic range small. This fact makes designing the voltage detection device easy.
In the first embodiment, the current limiting resistive element R17 can be omitted.
In the first embodiment, it is assumed that the ratios in resistance between pairs of current limiting resistive elements R1 to R16 connected in series are one. However, in the second embodiment, in consideration of dispersion in resistances in the current limiting resistive elements R1 to R16, resistances of the current limiting resistive elements R1 to R16 are previously measured and stored in the operation circuit 30 which operates the pairs of module voltages can be calculated with dispersion in resistance being compensated.
FIG. 2 shows a voltage detection device according to a third embodiment. The voltage detection device according to the third embodiment has substantially the same structure as that of the first embodiment. The difference is in that the current buffers B1 to B8 and the differential voltage detection circuits 21 to 28 in the first embodiment are replaced with an A/D converting circuit 50 including eight A/D converters VA1 to VA8 and a microprocessor 30. The A/D converters VA1 to VA8 A/D-convert the voltage difference between the junction points P1 to P8 and a reference potential Vr=VAcom, respectively.
Moreover, the operation circuit 30 operates variation in output voltages of battery modules 1 to 15 from voltage differences between the successive pair of junction points P1 to P8. That is, the operation circuit 30 operates Δ V1=2(VA2−VA1), Δ V2=2(VA3−VA2), Δ V3=2(VA4−VA3), Δ V4=2(VA5−VA4), Δ V5=2(VA6−VA5), Δ V6=2(VA7−VA6), Δ V7=2(VA8−VA7), and Δ V8=2(VAcom−VA8) when VAj−VAk>0, k=j−1.
That is, the operation circuit 30 operates Δ V15=2(VA2−VA1), Δ V14=2(VA3−VA2), Δ V13=2(VA4−VA3), Δ V12=2(VA5−VA4), Δ V11=2(VA6−VA5), Δ V10=2(VA7−VA6), Δ V9=2(VA8−VA7), and Δ V8=2(VAcom−VA8) when Aj−VAk<0, k=j−1, (j=L).
Because each of battery modules 1-15 includes the same type of and same capacity of cells in the initial condition, the output voltage of each battery modules 1-15 are further calculated with the standard output voltage and the variations in the output voltage of the battery modules 1-15. Moreover, the fully-charged voltage tends only to decrease with passage of time, so that the polarity of the differences between the successive junction points P1 to P8 indicates which of battery modules in each pair (V1 or V15, for example) varies in the output voltage.
In fact, each of the A/D converters VA1 to VA8 includes a differential detection circuit for detecting the voltage difference between each of the junction points P1 to P8 and the reference voltage potential Vr=VAcom, and an A/D converter for A/D converting the output of the differential detection circuit.
According to this embodiment, the potentials at junction points P1 to P8 vary within a small range around the reference voltage potential Vr=VAcom. This fact allows the A/D converters VA1 to VA8 to have low withstand voltage requirements and to have a simple structure.
As mentioned above, the voltage detection device according to the third embodiment further comprises the operation circuit 30 (data processing circuit) for processing the data of terminal voltages in the battery package 100 to calculate sum voltages of each battery module of the high and low voltage groups 100H and 100L from the data.
The operation circuit 30 shown in FIG. 2 further operates and outputs the voltage differences between said Lth and (L+1)th junction points P1 to P8, respectively, and a voltage difference between Nth junction point P8 and a connection point Pr between said high and low voltage groups 100H and 100L of battery modules from the outputs of the A/D converters VA1 to VA8 and VAcom.
FIG. 3 shows a voltage detection device according to a fourth embodiment. The voltage detection device according to the fourth embodiment has substantially the same structure as that of the third embodiment. The difference is in that an amplifier circuit 60 replaces the A/D converting circuit 50. That is, operational amplifiers 61 replace the A/D converters VA1 to VA8 in the third embodiment, respectively. Here, in the drawing in FIG. 3, only one amplifier 61 is representatively shown. More specifically, the junction points P1 to P8 are connected to inverting inputs of the operational amplifiers 61 and the reference voltage potential Vr is supplied to non-inverting inputs of the operational amplifiers 61 to obtain the differences between the potentials P1 to P8 and the reference voltage potential Vr, respectively. The inverting inputs of the operational amplifiers 61 are connected to their outputs through feedback resistors rf, respectively. This structure also provides the low withstand voltage in the circuit. The voltage detection device according to the fourth embodiment further comprises the amplifier circuit 60 (potential difference detection circuit) for detecting potential difference between voltage potentials at N junction points (P1 to P8) and the reference voltage at the connection point Pr between the high and low voltage groups 100H and 100L of battery modules V1 to V15.
FIG. 4 shows a voltage detection device according to a fifth embodiment. The voltage detection device according to the fifth embodiment has substantially the same structure as that of the fourth embodiment. The difference is in that the amplifier circuit 60 is replaced with a multiplexer 70 and one operational amplifier 61. The multiplexer 70 successively supplies the voltage potentials P1 to P8 to the operational amplifer 61 to successively obtain the voltage differences between the voltage potentials P1 to P8 and the reference voltage potential Vr.
Moreover, in FIG. 2, the multiplexer 70 and one A/D converter can replace the A/D converters VA1 to VA8. In these cases (FIGS. 2 and 4), the differences in the input voltage potentials at respective sampling switches in the multiplexer 70 are small, and the voltage variation ranges are also small, so that the structure of the sampling switches in the multiplexer 70 can be simplified.
FIG. 5 shows a voltage detection device according to a sixth embodiment. The voltage detection device according to the sixth embodiment has substantially the same structure as that of the fifth embodiment. The difference is in that a flying capacitor circuit 8 is further provided. That is, a flying capacitor 80 and output sampling switches 81 and 82 are further provided. An output of the multiplexer 70 is connected to a first end of the flying capacitor 80 and to a first end of the switch 81. The reference voltage potential Vr at the connection point Pr between the half modules 8 x and 8 y is connected to the opposite second end of the flying capacitor 80 through the multiplexer 70 and to a first end of the switch 82. The opposite second end of the switch 81 is connected to the inverting input of the operational amplifer 61. The opposite second end of the switch 82 is connected to the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier 61. The multiplexer 70 connects one of voltage potentials P1 to P8 to the first end of the flying capacitor 80 to charge the flying capacitor. Next, the multiplexer 70 opens the sampling switch, and then, the switches 81 and 82 are closed to supply the charged voltage difference to the operational amplifer 61. This structure also allows the voltage detection device to have a relatively low withstand voltage.
In the first embodiment, the differential voltage detection circuits 21 to 28 are provided. However, the outputs VB1 to VB9 of the current buffers B1 to B9 may be directly sent to the operation circuit 30 to detect the voltage potentials at the junction points P1 to P8 to output the detected voltage potentials at the junction points P1 to P8 and the reference voltage potential Vr as conditional data of the battery modules 1-15. FIG. 6 shows this structure.
The operation circuit 30 shown in FIG. 6 operates the voltage differences between said Lth and (L+1)th junction points P1 to P8, respectively, and a voltage difference between Nth junction point P8 and a connection point Pr between said high and low voltage groups 100H and 100L of battery modules 1-15 from the outputs of the current buffers B1 to B9 and outputs the voltage differences as the conditional data of the battery modules 1-15. Moreover, the operation circuit 30 outputs the module voltages V1 to V15, the variations in module voltages Δ V1 to Δ V15 from the operated voltage differences as conditional data of the battery modules 1-15 in the same way as the first embodiment.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS6104164 *Oct 19, 1999Aug 15, 2000Denso CorporationCell voltage detecting device for combination batteryJP2000134818A Title not availableJP2000193694A Title not availableJP2000199771A Title not availableJPH11160371A Title not availableJPH11248755A Title not available* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS7138775 *Jun 26, 2003Nov 21, 2006Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.Control for battery packUS7288940 *Dec 6, 2004Oct 30, 2007Analog Devices, Inc.Galvanically isolated signal conditioning systemUS7679369Oct 8, 2007Mar 16, 2010Enerdel, Inc.System and method to measure series-connected cell voltages using a flying capacitorUS7759903 *Mar 20, 2007Jul 20, 2010Keihin CorporationBattery voltage measurement circuit, battery voltage measurement method, and battery electric control unitUS7902830May 4, 2007Mar 8, 2011Enerdel, Inc.System to measure series-connected cell voltages using a flying capacitorUS8030940Jan 8, 2008Oct 4, 2011Renesas Electronics CorporationBattery voltage measuring systemUS8816613 *Feb 8, 2012Aug 26, 2014Chong Uk LeeReconfigurable batteryUS20120133310 *Feb 8, 2012May 31, 2012Chong Uk LeeReconfigurable batteryUS20120256568 *Jun 13, 2012Oct 11, 2012Chong Uk LeeMulti-port reconfigurable battery* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification324/433, 324/426, 324/435International ClassificationH01M10/48, H02J7/02, G01R19/00, B60L11/18, G01R31/36, H02J7/10Cooperative ClassificationB60L11/1851, G01R31/3648, Y02T10/7005, G01R31/362, Y02T10/705, G01R31/3658European ClassificationG01R31/36V2, B60L11/18MLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionApr 14, 2011FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Apr 13, 2007FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4May 9, 2002ASAssignmentOwner name: DENSO CORPORATION, JAPANFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:KATOH, TOMOYA;REEL/FRAME:012881/0973Effective date: 20020417Owner name: DENSO CORPORATION 1-1, SHOWA-CHO, KARIYA-CITYAICHIFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:KATOH, TOMOYA /AR;REEL/FRAME:012881/0973RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google

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Thank you to MuleSoft for hosting us in their space! MuleSoft makes it easy to connect the world’s applications, data, and devices. They provide a flexible, unified software platform that enables organizations to easily build application networks using APIs - the digital glue that allows applications to talk to each other and exchange data. MuleSoft is at the heart of the applications and services you use every day, like Netflix, Spotify, and Salesforce, from Global 500 corporations to emerging companies in more than 60 countries. We’re committed to providing an equal opportunity workplace where everyone is supported and inspired to fulfill our mission and build a successful company together. We’re one of the fastest growing software companies, now with 18 global offices, and we’ve been named a best place to work five years in a row, including the #1 Top Workplace in the Bay Area.
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14 Wharf Road, London N1, England, United Kingdom
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Parasol unit foundation for contemporary art is an educational charity and a not-for-profit[1] contemporary art gallery based in London. Established in 2005, the foundation is housed in a converted warehouse over two floors in a building that was renovated to a design concept by the Italian architect, Claudio Silvestrin. The gallery comprises roughly 5,000 sq ft (460 m2) of exhibition space.
Parasol unit was established by its Director/Curator, Ziba Ardalan.[2] A graduate in the History of Art from Columbia University New York, Ardalan worked as Guest Curator at the Whitney Museum of American Art. She guest curated the exhibition 'Winslow Homer and the New England Coast' at the Whitney's Stamford, Ct. Branch (1984). Ardalan became the first Director/Curator of New York City’s Swiss Institute in 1987, before moving to Zurich, Switzerland, and then relocating to UK and founding Parasol unit. She has curated numerous exhibitions and has also lectured and written about art. Prior to her career in art, Ardalan obtained a Ph.D. in Physical Chemistry.
4 EXPOSURE Award
5 Images of the Gallery
Parasol unit is devoted to promoting contemporary art for the benefit of the public. The exhibition programme comprises work by emerging and contemporary artists in a variety of media: sculpture, painting, installation, video and photography. The institution was developed on the model of a Kunsthalle, with no permanent collection.
Each exhibition is supported by a programme of educational events that engage with the public and local community. Exhibitions are also accompanied by a new publication, an artist’s monograph or catalogue, which is distributed worldwide.
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value: This website is the English-language edition of the free online encyclopedia Wikipedia. It was founded on 15 January 2001 as Wikipedia's first edition and, as of October 2021, has the most articles of any edition, at 6,412,521.


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The life of Bishop Jewel (eBook, 1835) [WorldCat.org]
http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/285130488
Title: The life of Bishop Jewel
Author: Charles Webb Le Bas
Publisher: London, J.G. & F. Rivington, 1835.
OCLC:285130488
The theological library, v. XI
Print version:Le Bas, Charles Webb, 1779-1861.Life of Bishop Jewel.London, J.G. & F. Rivington, 1835(DLC) 02024694(OCoLC)6751541
285130488
1 online resource (2 preliminary leaves, [iii]-viii, 345, [1] pages) frontispiece (portrait).
By Charles Webb Le Bas.
Add tags for "The life of Bishop Jewel".
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The life of Bishop Jewel/Charles Webb Le Bas; London, J.G. & F. Rivington, 1835.

value: This website is a union catalog that itemizes the collections of 15,637 libraries in 107 countries that participate in the OCLC global cooperative. It is operated by OCLC, Inc.


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programming languages - Would anybody recommend learning J/K/APL? - Stack Overflow
19 I came across J/K/APL a few months ago while working my way through some project euler problems, and was intrigued, to say the least. For every elegant-looking 20 line python solution I produced, there'd be a gobsmacking 20 character J solution that ran in a tenth of the time. I've been keen to learn some basic J, and have made a few attempts at picking up the vocabulary, but have found the learning curve to be quite steep.
To those who are familiar with these languages, would you recommend investing some time to learn one (I'm thinking J in particular)? I would do so more for the purpose of satisfying my curiosity than for career advancement or some such thing.
Some personal circumstances to consider, if you care to:
I love mathematics, and use it daily in my work (as a mathematician for a startup) but to be honest I don't really feel limited by the tools that I use (like python + NumPy) so I can't use that excuse.
I have no particular desire to work in the finance industry, which seems to be the main port of call for K users at least. Plus I should really learn C# as a next language as it's the primary language where I work. So practically speaking, J almost definitely shouldn't be the next language I learn.
I'm reasonably familiar with MATLAB so using an array-based programming language wouldn't constitute a tremendous paradigm shift.
Any advice from those familiar with these languages would be much appreciated.
programming-languages apl j k share|improve this question asked Apr 14 '09 at 13:44
closed as not constructive by Bart, Bill the Lizard♦ Jul 12 '12 at 12:19
Thousands of years ago, I was an APL programmer. By thousands, I mean back in the '70's when the custom character set meant we had special printing terminals with the APL keyboard and character set, and IBM selectric typeballs with the special characters, etc.
I went to a lecture by Ken Iverson on "Why APL Was Cool".
His thesis was this. Once upon a time long division was a serious mathematical undertaking, reserved for graduate students. Notation for things like repeating decimal expansions involved a large pile of mathematical symbolism. Once upon a time even something like a "negative" number was required elaborate notation.
Over the years -- as we came to a better understanding of these abstractions -- we came up with much more compact notation for complex concepts.
The point of APL (and J and K) is to summarize big algorithms into tidy notation.
Nowadays, I'm a Python programmer. I find that my early exposure to APL warped my brain by forcing me to ask "what's this mean?" and "is this a reusable operation?" and "what's a pithy summary for all this algorithmic fluff?"
Also, as I pursue the Project Euler problems the "functional programming lite" of Python backed by my "Gin-soaked recollections of APL" are both very helpful in tackling the exercises.
share|improve this answer edited Apr 14 '09 at 16:11
answered Apr 14 '09 at 14:04
2 Thanks for that Steven - will be interesting to see how much it affects my own Python. Also if you don't mind me asking, what is your username on Project Euler? Do you post your Python solutions?
1 On ProjectEuler, I'm "slott". No, I don't post my solutions. I'm only level 1, right now -- I have two to go to get to level 2.
2 +1 for thousands of years ago. But never give details - that just spoils the fun.
1 I don't know... "back in the '70's" "Ken Iverson" sounds like details to me. I guess I could say "Syracuse University". But too much starts to get tedious. What details do you think are necessary?
Sep 21 '10 at 18:50
I have worked in J and APL for most of the last 25 years and can thoroughly recommend both. I still revert to one or the other when I have any form of ad-hoc data analysis to do and I have used it in Project Euler as well.
If you are interested in Project Euler then J is definitely the one to choose. Its support for infinite precision integers and primes make it a very good fit.
J is my primary programming language for Project Euler and for personal use at work. I've never come across a better language for array processing, and the tacit programming paradigm is both useful and thought-provoking once you get the hang of it. (Useful because it's thought-provoking, in fact.) Reaching entry-level competence in the language is difficult, and reading other people's code is an intellectually disciplined activity, but perseverance has major payoffs because of the language's power, flexibility and conciseness. That said, the reason why I reserve it for personal use at work is that (1) nobody else at work uses it, (2) the learning curve is steep enough so that it's not reasonable for me to ask my colleagues to pick it up, and (3) the fact that you can build intricate programs in one line of code makes it challenging to read a line of code, especially if you didn't write it yourself. (I expect to spend at least half an hour studying a line of code that uses ten or more operators, unless they were used in such a way that I understand the underlying principles thoroughly.) Some examples of fun J features:
1) Any function defined to operate on a single number can be made to operate on arrays of arbitrary rank. For example:
totient=: * -.@%@~.&.q:
NB. Finding the totient of 10
totient 10
NB. Finding the totient of all numbers from 1 to 10
totient"0 (1+i.10)
It's exactly the same function, just operating on the atoms (single-element components) of a 1xN input array. Similarly, you can take a function defined to work on rank-two arrays (matrices) and apply it to any array of higher rank just by using the " (rank) conjunction. 2) You can take just about any theoretically invertible function in J and invert it by 'iterating it backwards'. For example, NB. Converts an array of binary digits to a decimal number
(#.) 1 0 1
NB. Converts a decimal number to an array of binary digits
(#.^:_1) 5
share|improve this answer edited May 3 '10 at 9:25
answered May 2 '10 at 14:06
I think your 3 points show that you don't NEED to learn J. However, I can't think of any situation where learning a new language is harmful. Taking time to learn something you are interested in (or any new language) always improves your other programming skills. You learn different approaches to problems that you may be able to implement differently with other languages.
Plus, with the minimal syntax of J, it would be a good language to ensure you are getting correct results when you implement a solution in another language.
share|improve this answer edited Apr 14 '09 at 14:01
answered Apr 14 '09 at 13:52
I used to work as an APL programmer for several years back in the 1970s. I love the language, but have not used it for years.
It is a great language for some things, but I really can't invision using it for web development for example.
What it is great for is statistical and matrix operations. You can solve a liner programming problem in 3 characters. It is much easier to prove the correctness of that LP implementation than one which takes pages in C for example.
So if you want to learn it for the joy of learning, I say go for it. To enhance your job prospects, well there are probably lots of other things to learn which will impress a potential employer more.
share|improve this answer answered May 7 '09 at 2:27
2,9791128
1 In finance, knowledge of Q/Kdb+ can be quite a resume helper
May 7 '09 at 2:35
Back in the eldar days I was an APL language developer, coding in 370 assembler. I ported J to OS2, but never learned how to use it for real work. I'm currently working in Java and PHP and was evaluating Python. After the first 3 sections of the Python tutorial I was struck by the many similarities it had to APL, that brought me here.
I'd strongly recommend learning APL or J as an intellectual exercise. It will change your way of thinking about programming (warp your brain) and probably help your Python coding. Also there are a few jobs out there for APL and J programmers, and probably less programmers than jobs.
share|improve this answer answered May 13 '09 at 17:35
I make my living with APL since 1980. I am looking foward to continue to do so for some more years to come. It's not only great fun to use APL, the language offers outstanding debugging features. Modern implementations are fully fledged functional languages and are object-oriented as well.
I met many people over the years asking me how long I guess I would be able to continue with APL. Those guys were dbase and PL/1 and ALGOL and Pascal and Forth and C and Focus and other programmers. Got it?!
share|improve this answer answered Sep 8 '09 at 18:08
1 Can you please explain how do you make money with APL?
J is a bit like a genie: it needs to be kept inside a bottle. Maintaining a lot of batch software in J is a serious pain. Maintaining interfaces (Windows or web based, because yes, you can setup J to answer to Apache to produce a web output) in J is an experimental, little known circle of hell.
On the other hand, using J is fine if you want to: parse, sift, analyse, crunch, etc some data to fiddle with it, to figure out the fine grain of an algorithm, or to impress the internets with the shortest possible way to calculate how many triangles fit in a circle or what not.
I came very close to adding J as a deal breaker on my careers profile on careers.stackoverflow.com, but I ultimately left it out. To me, using J is fine, producing J, however, is not.
That was a while ago. I still think poorly of complete J solutions in production (that is, all your MVC). Since the original response, I've used J as a COM in a C# project, where J is provided with a large matrix that would be clunky to manage in C#, with great satisfaction.
Part of our work is to make data models and code speak. It's not easy bridging that quality and J's very terse syntax. Several frameworks, unlike J, have easy-to-work-with IDE's, and have enough support to allow one to arrange code in a humanly readable way. J's über-matrix capabilities do not compensate for what it lacks.
share|improve this answer edited Sep 21 '10 at 21:06
answered Jan 18 '10 at 18:53
Yes, learn APL/J/K, it will give you a unique glimpse into what is possible.
I point out that @MPelletier's "how many triangles fit in a circle" and its implied "...but not for real-world problems," is a little short-sighted. Yes, J Software's IDE lacks some things, but building one's own IDE is not a big problem, and a good IDE can mask a bad language (the 20 lines to 20 character shrinkage is not to be sneezed at.) I've been doing APL as long as @KaiJaeger has, if not longer, and my mind may be warped, but I have never been happy programming with anything else.
share|improve this answer answered Mar 25 '11 at 17:42
This is amusing confirmation for me, a fifty-something year old person.
Earlier today, I decided to learn a new, 21st century programming language after an interval of 27 years doing zero programming. I picked Python, quite at random, fearful of the gui based and object oriented world we all live in now.
Much to my delight, my years earning a living as an APL guy back in the early '80s means that I'm literally zipping through the material, with instant comprehension :) Just thought I'd share that.
share|improve this answer answered Jul 12 '12 at 9:55
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Stability related bias in residues replacing glycines within the collagen triple helix (Gly-Xaa-Yaa) in inherited connective tissue disorders. - PubMed - NCBI
AbstractFormatSummarySummary (text)AbstractAbstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListApplySend to:Choose DestinationFileClipboardCollectionsE-mailOrderMy BibliographyCitation managerFormatSummary (text)Abstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListCSVCreate File1 selected item: 15365990FormatSummarySummary (text)AbstractAbstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListMeSH and Other DataE-mailSubjectAdditional textE-mailDidn't get the message? Find out why...Add to ClipboardAdd to CollectionsOrder articlesAdd to My BibliographyGenerate a file for use with external citation management software.Create File
See comment in PubMed Commons belowHum Mutat. 2004 Oct;24(4):330-7.Stability related bias in residues replacing glycines within the collagen triple helix (Gly-Xaa-Yaa) in inherited connective tissue disorders.Persikov AV1, Pillitteri RJ, Amin P, Schwarze U, Byers PH, Brodsky B.Author information1Department of Biochemistry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.AbstractA missense mutation leading to the replacement of one Gly in the (Gly-Xaa-Yaa)n repeat of the collagen triple helix can cause a range of heritable connective tissue disorders that depend on the gene in which the mutation occurs. Osteogenesis imperfecta results from mutations in type I collagen, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV from mutations in type III collagen, Alport syndrome from mutations in type IV collagen, and dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa from mutations in type VII collagen. The predicted rates of substitutions by different amino acids for glycine in the alpha1(I), alpha2(I), alpha1(III), alpha5(IV), and alpha1(VII) chains (encoded by COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1, COL4A5, and COL7A1, respectively) were compared with missense mutations in those chains that have been observed to cause disease. The spectrum of amino acids replacing Gly was not significantly different from that expected for the alpha1(VII) chains, suggesting that any Gly replacement will cause disease. The distribution of residues replacing Gly was significantly different from that expected for all other collagen chains studied, with a particularly strong bias seen for alpha1(I) and alpha1(III) collagen chains. The bias did not correlate with the degree of chemical dissimilarity between Gly and the replacement residues, but in some cases a relationship was observed with the predicted extent of destabilization of the triple helix. For alpha1(III) collagen chains, the more destabilizing mutations were identified more often than expected. For alpha1(I), the most destabilizing residues, Val, Glu, and Asp, and the least destabilizing residue, Ala, were underrepresented. This bias supports the hypothesis that the level of triple-helix destabilization determines clinical outcome.Copyright 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.PMID: 15365990 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] SharePublication Types, MeSH Terms, Substances, Grant SupportPublication TypesResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.MeSH TermsAmino Acid Substitution*Amino Acids/chemistryCollagen/chemistry*Collagen/geneticsCollagen Diseases/genetics*Collagen Diseases/metabolismCollagen Type I/chemistry*Collagen Type I/geneticsCollagen Type III/chemistry*Collagen Type III/geneticsCollagen Type IV/chemistry*Collagen Type IV/geneticsCollagen Type VII/chemistry*Collagen Type VII/geneticsEpidermolysis Bullosa Dystrophica/genetics*Epidermolysis Bullosa Dystrophica/metabolismGlycine/chemistryHumansMutation, Missense*Nephritis, Hereditary/genetics*Nephritis, Hereditary/metabolismProtein DenaturationProtein Structure, SecondaryProtein Structure, TertiaryStructure-Activity RelationshipSubstancesAmino AcidsCOL3A1 protein, humanCOL4A5 protein, humanCollagen Type ICollagen Type IIICollagen Type IVCollagen Type VIIalpha 2(I) collagencollagen type I, alpha 1 chainCollagenGlycineGrant SupportAR41223/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United StatesGM60048/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United StatesLinkOut - more resourcesFull Text SourcesJohn Wiley & Sons, Inc.ProQuestOther Literature SourcesCOS Scholar UniverseAccess more work from the authors - ResearchGateMedicalConnective Tissue Disorders - Genetic AllianceCondition and Gene Summaries - Genetics Home ReferenceMiscellaneousGLYCINE - Hazardous Substances Data BankPubMed Commons home

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[Helen Campbell, first wireless operator of Natl. League for Women's Service, half length portrait, seated at wireless telegraph, facing left] skip navigation
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Helen Campbell, first wireless operator of Natl. League for Women's Service, half length portrait, seated at wireless telegraph, facing left
Title: [Helen Campbell, first wireless operator of Natl. League for Women's Service, half length portrait, seated at wireless telegraph, facing left]
Date Created/Published: 1917 May 8.
Reproduction Number: LC-USZ62-53208 (b&w film copy neg.)
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Title and other information transcribed from unverified, old caption card data and item, with subsequent revisions.
Caption card tracings: Women Misc.; Telegraph; PI; Shelf.
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