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Patent US6024945 - Antiperspirant compositions for aerosol formulations - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsThe formation of toxic compounds such as acetaldehyde and monochlorofluoroethane generated by aerosol antiperspirant mixtures of ACH and 1,1-difluoroethane can be substantially reduced by the addition of one or more additives. Such additives include amino acids, their alkali metal, alkaline earth, ammonium...http://www.google.com/patents/US6024945?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6024945 - Antiperspirant compositions for aerosol formulationsAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS6024945 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 09/363,356Publication dateFeb 15, 2000Filing dateJul 29, 1999Priority dateJul 29, 1999Fee statusLapsedAlso published asEP1117369A1, EP1117369A4, WO2001008642A1Publication number09363356, 363356, US 6024945 A, US 6024945A, US-A-6024945, US6024945 A, US6024945AInventorsJawahar Chunilal ParekhOriginal AssigneeReheis, Inc.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (2), Referenced by (10), Classifications (23), Legal Events (23) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetAntiperspirant compositions for aerosol formulations
US 6024945 AAbstract
The formation of toxic compounds such as acetaldehyde and monochlorofluoroethane generated by aerosol antiperspirant mixtures of ACH and 1,1-difluoroethane can be substantially reduced by the addition of one or more additives. Such additives include amino acids, their alkali metal, alkaline earth, ammonium and hydroxy aluminum salts, metal glycinates, hydrotalcite or analogues thereof, and complex aluminum buffering agents. The resultant mixtures are stable for at least two years under ambient storage conditions.
1. An aerosol antiperspirant composition comprising a basic aluminum compound having the formula Al2 (OH).sub.(6-x) yx wherein x is between 0 and 6 and y is selected from the group consisting of chloride, bromide, iodide and nitrate ions, 1,1-difluoroethane and one or more additives selected from the group consisting of an amino acid, an amino acid compound which can be an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, ammonium or hydroxy salt of an amino acid; a metal glycinate, a hydroxy aluminum salt of an amino acid, hydrotalcite, hydrotalcite analogues, complex aluminum buffering agents, and aluminum or magnesium based antacids and their alkali metal salts.
2. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the basic aluminum compound is enhanced efficacy aluminum chlorohydrate.
3. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the basic aluminum compound is an inorganic or organic coordinated complex of aluminum chlorohydrate.
4. A composition according to claim 1 wherein x is between 1 and 2.
5. A composition according to claim 1 wherein x is about 1.
6. A composition according to claim 1 the additive is glycine.
7. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the additive is hydrotalcite or a hydrotalcite analogue.
8. A composition according to claim 1 wherein hydrotalcite is synthetic hydrotalcite having the formula M2+ 1-x Mx 3+ (OH)2 Ax/n n- mH2 O wherein x is greater than zero but less than or equal to 0.5; m is a positive number; An- is an anion having a valence of n; M2+ is one or more metal ions selected from the group consisting of Be, Mg, Ni, CO, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cd and Ca; and M3+ is one or more metal ions selected from the group consisting of Al, Ga, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Cr and In; An- is one or more anions selected from the group consisting of SO4 =, OH-- and (HPO4) with the proviso that when two or more anions are included, x/n is the total value for the two or more anions. 9. A composition according to claim 7 wherein the analogue has the formula: (M1 2+)y1 [(M2 2+)y2 ]1-x M3+ x (OH)2 Ax/n n-.mH2 Owherein M1 2+ is at least one divalent metal cation selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba; M2 2+ is at least one divalent metal cation selected from the group consisting of Zn, Cd, Pb and Sn; M3+ is a trivalent metal cation; An- is an anion having a valence of n; and x, y1, y2 and m are positive numbers having the following values: x is greater than zero and less than 0.5; y1 and y2 are greater than zero; (y1 +y2) is greater than 0.5 and less than 1 and m is greater than zero and less than 2. 10. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the additive is sodium or zinc glycinate.
11. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the hydroxy salt is an aluminum-magnesium-hydroxy glycine compound.
12. A composition according to claim 11 wherein the aluminum-magnesium-hydroxy glycine compound is selected from the group consisting of monohydroxy aluminum, aluminum glycinate, magnesium glycinate and calcium glycinate.
13. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the complex aluminum buffering agent is selected from the group consisting of aluminum hydroxy carbonate, magnesium hydroxide and aluminum compounds containing two or more of the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, nickel, carbonate, sulfate, hydroxy and water.
14. A composition according to claim 13 wherein the aluminum buffering agent contains magnesium and carbonate.
15. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the complex aluminum buffer contains aluminum hydroxide and one or more of magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, dihydroxy aluminum sodium carbonate, tetrahydroxy dialuminum magnesium carbonate, hydrated magnesium aluminate, hydrated magnesium aluminum sulfate, aluminum magnesium hydroxy sulfate, aluminum hydroxy carbonate and magnesium hydroxide.
16. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the additive is a mixture of glycine and hydrotalcite or a hydrotalcite analogue.
17. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the additive is a mixture of glycine, hydrotalcite and sodium glycinate.
18. A composition according to claim 1 wherein from about 0.5 to 15% by weight of the antiperspirant of the additive is present.
19. A composition according to claim 1 wherein sufficient additive is present in the antiperspirant composition to prevent can corrosion for at least two years at ambient conditions.
This invention relates to improved aerosol antiperspirant compositions. More particularly, this invention relates to aerosol antiperspirant compositions that are stable to long term storage and essentially non-corrosive to metal containers.
Basic aluminum halides, particularly the chlorides, also referred to as aluminum chlorohydroxides, aluminum sesquichlorohydrate, aluminum dichlorohydrate and the like, as well as aluminum nitrates, have been known and used for years as effective antiperspirants. They constitute the essential active ingredient in many currently marketed antiperspirants.
In general, basic aluminum halides and nitrates are complex structures comprised of mixtures of polymeric and monomeric compounds having various sizes and molecular structures, together with varying amounts of bound or coordinated water. They can be represented by the empirical formula Al2 (OH).sub.(6-x) yx, wherein x is between 0 and 6 and need not be an integer, and y is one or more of the group including chloride, bromide, iodide or nitrate ions. The empirical formula is simplified and is intended to include basic aluminum chlorides containing coordinated or bound molecules of water, as well as basic aluminum chloride polymers, complexes and mixtures thereof.
Particularly preferred compounds are aluminum chlorohydrates in which x is about 1 to 2, and most preferably x is about 1, the latter being referred to as 5/6 basic aluminum chloride. Such compounds have an Al:Cl mol ratio of about 1:1 to 2.1:1, and preferably a mol ratio of from 1.9:1 to 2.1:1.
The 5/6 basic aluminum chloride (hereinafter referred to as ACH) has been recognized as the standard active ingredient for antiperspirants for many years. It has been available in various forms, typically in 50 weight percent aqueous solution (commercially available from Reheis Chemical Company under the trademark "Chlorohydrol�") or in dry form obtained by spray drying aqueous solutions to some extent, but which does not remove all of the bound or coordinated water. These dry forms are available in different particle sizes. They are also referred to as "activated ACH" or "enhanced efficacy ACH". In addition, these compounds may be co-dried or otherwise combined with any of a number of adjuvants and/or additives designed to perform various functions, such as moieties of propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol and the like.
Basic aluminum compounds have been formulated with various materials to form aerosol spray-type antiperspirants, as well as formulations for pump sprays, creams, sticks, roll-ons and the like.
Aluminum chlorohydrates, hereinafter designated with the generic term "ACH", are the only active antiperspirants deemed safe and effective by the Federal Drug Administration for use in aerosol antiperspirant products.
The propellants used for forming aerosol-type antiperspirants up till now have been highly volatile organic compounds (HVOC), such as fluorocarbons, known collectively as Freon. However, since these fluorocarbons are believed to deplete the earth's ozone layer, the Federal Government has banned the use of Freon. Each state must outline plans for implementation of the current guidelines and set a date for compliance. The California Air Resource Board (CARB) has proposed that high volatility organic compounds (HVOC), i.e. compounds that exert a vapor pressure greater than 80 mm Hg at 20� C., be 0%, and that medium volatility organic compounds (MVOC), i.e. compounds that exert a vapor pressure greater than 2 mm Hg at 20� C., be 10% by Jan. 1, 2001.
Because CARB had originally mandated compliance with the above standards by Jan. 1, 1999, various manufacturers of antiperspirant aerosols attempted to switch from fluorocarbons to a mixture of ACH and 1,1-difluoroethane.
1,1-Difluoroethane has no chlorine atoms, and thus is not of concern regarding stratospheric ozone destruction by chlorofluorocarbons or other chlorinated hydrocarbons. It has an ozone Depletion Potential of zero, and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has found that it is not a VOC.
Unfortunately, however, ACH and 1,1-difluoroethane react with each other over time, particularly at elevated temperatures. This reaction produces 1-chloro-1-fluoroethane (replacing one of the F ions with a Cl ion), hereinafter referred to as monochlorofluoroethane, and acetaldehyde as by-products. Acetaldehyde is classified as a toxic compound by CARB and as a hazardous air pollutant by the EPA. Further, the reaction between 1,1-difluoroethane and ACH also results in corrosion of metal containers, such as those used to store aerosol products, and in the deterioration of the valve component of the containers.
The mechanisms of these reactions is not known with certainty, or whether the generation of these by-products takes place separately or whether one leads to the other. However, their presence in the above compositions can be measured.
Thus ACH and 1,1-difluoroethane cannot be used together by themselves in antiperspirant aerosol compositions, and a search for a means of inhibiting the formation of the acetaldehyde by-product from the above combination for a period of about two years at room temperature was initiated.
I have found that the reaction between 1,1-difluoroethane and ACH that produces toxic compounds such as monochlorofluoroethane and acetaldehyde, and corrodes metal containers, can be greatly reduced or blocked by the addition of one or more additive compounds, which additives can include an amino acid, an amino acid compound which may be an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium or hydroxy salt of an amino acid; or a metal glycinate, a hydroxy aluminum salt of an amino acid; hydrotalcite and hydrotalcite analogues; complex aluminum buffering agents; and aluminum or magnesium based antacids and alkali metal salts thereof, to the mixture of ACH and 1,1-difluoroethane. The resultant compositions of ACH, 1,1-difluoroethane and additive are stable. They can be stored for about two years or more at room temperature with small, or even non-detectable, levels of generated acetaldehyde and of monochlorofluoroethane.
I have found that using 1,1,-difluoroethane alone, aerosol cans did not corrode at room temperature. Combinations of 1,1-difluoroethane and ACH produce undesirable by-products at elevated temperatures, independent of the water content and acidity of the ACH, and cause detinning and corrosion of aerosol cans.
FIGS. 1A and 1B are chromatographs of a Control ACH example before and after the addition of 1,1-difluroethane.
FIGS. 2A and 2B are chromatographs of a composition of the invention before and after the addition of 1,1-difluroethane.
The three key factors affecting the formation of undesirable by-products in the above compositions are the acidity of the ACH, the presence of water, either released from the ACH or formed as a result of other reactions taking place, and the storage temperature. The rate of formation of these undesirable reactions is much higher at elevated temperatures; for example, the reaction rate is about 20 times higher at 120� F. than at 70� F. Concomitantly, the rate of corrosion of metal parts is also higher at elevated temperatures.
Chlorohydrol solution (ACH) is a complex inorganic polymer. It is made of mixtures of polymeric and monomeric species of various sizes and molecular structures, together with varying amounts of bound or co-ordinated water.
I have found that the addition of various additives, including a glycine compound, or a halogen scavenger such as hydrotalcite, inhibits the reactions between ACH and 1,1-difluoroethane.
ACH contains varying water levels, depending on how the ACH is prepared. ACH is a hygroscopic material and water absorption in the handling and product manufacturing processes can influence the amount of water contained in the finished aerosol. The atomic ratio of Al:Cl can vary from 2.1:1 to 1.0:1. This ratio in turn affects the acidity and other characteristics of ACH. The particle size and particle size distribution may be another important variable, because it affects the surface area available to influence reaction rates and reaction mechanisms. Since activated ACH has a higher acidity and includes more reactive species, it was chosen for testing the concept of minimizing the formation of undesirable by-products, particularly acetaldehyde and monochlorofluoroethane, as by buffering with an amino acid compound.
In addition to amino acids per se, such as glycine, compounds thereof that are useful herein include alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts of amino acids, as well as ammonium or hydroxy salts of amino acids.
As used herein, the term "alkaline" as applied to salts of amino acids, is not intended to be limited to those having a pH greater than 7.0, since some complex or imperfectly neutralized salts can have a pH less than 7.0 and still be useful in this invention. Instead, alkaline is meant to refer to the usual alkali and alkaline earth metal cations, including ammonium and hydroxy.
Metal glycinates such as sodium or zinc glycinate can also be used. Among the salts of amino acids useful herein are those derived from amino acids in which the number of amino groups is equal to the number of carboxyl groups in the molecule. Examples of such amino acids include glycine, DL-valine, beta-alanine, arginine, and L(-)prolinates. Suitable salts of other amino acids are useful in the present invention as will be evident to those skilled in the art. It is important to note that water-insoluble as well as soluble salts can be used.
Suitable hydroxy salts of amino acids useful herein include the monohydroxy and dihydroxy aluminum salts of amino acids, and aluminum-magnesium-hydroxy-glycine compounds, such as monohydroxy aluminum glycinate, magnesium glycinate and calcium glycinate. These hydroxy salts are the reaction products of aluminum hydroxy antacids and the desired amino salt. Since these glycinates are available in different basicities, the amount of glycinate or other salt to be used depends upon the particular basicity of the amino salt. In general, about 0.5 to 15% by weight of the above salts will be used with ACH, but the desirable amount will depend on the formulation and the active antiperspirant used.
Other compounds useful herein include aluminum hydroxy carbonate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide and complex aluminum buffering compounds containing, in addition to aluminum, two or more of the following: magnesium, calcium, sodium, carbonate, sulfate, hydroxyl and water. The complex aluminum buffer preferably contains magnesium and/or carbonate. Suitable complex aluminum buffers include antacid complexes such as co-precipitates or co-dried mixtures of aluminum hydroxide with magnesium carbonate and/or calcium carbonate, dihydroxy aluminum sodium carbonate, tetrahydroxy dialuminum magnesium carbonate, hydrated magnesium aluminate, hydrated magnesium aluminum sulfate, aluminum magnesium hydroxy sulfate, aluminum hydroxy carbonate, magnesium hydroxide and the like.
A dry blend of hydrotalcite and activated ACH will also reduce the formation of acetaldehyde in the present compositions because any free chloride or fluoride will be permanently bound. Hydrotalcite occurs naturally, but is generally contaminated with other minerals and heavy metals, which limits its usefulness. However, high purity hydrotalcite can be prepared synthetically, as is well known. Synthetic hydrotalcite (Mg6 Al2 (OH)16 CO3 4H2 O) has a substantial anion exchange property. For example, the carboxylic acid radical of hydrotalcite is easily ion exchanged by chloride ion, which is adsorbed and fixed in a stable crystal structure. The resulting compound is insoluble in water, and stable; a temperature of about 450� C. is required to release chloride ion from the structure.
The term "hydrotalcite" is often used generically to refer to a large class of basic aluminum magnesium carbonate compounds or complexes having various lattice structures and compositions. These hydrotalcite-like materials are also referred to as hydrotalcite analogues. Hydrotalcite can be represented by the following general formula:
M2+ 1-x Mx 3+ (OH)2 Ax/n n-.mH2 O
wherein x is greater than zero but less than or equal to 0.5; m is a positive number; An- is an anion having a valence of n; M2+ is one or more metal ions selected from the group consisting of Be, Mg, Ni, CO, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cd and Ca; and M3+ is one or more metal ions selected from the group consisting of Al, Ga, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Cr, and In; Ann- is an anion selected from the group consisting of SO4 =, OH-, CO3 = and (HPO4) and the like. Two or more anions can be included, when x/n is the total value of two or more anions.
Hydrotalcite may also be represented by the following formula, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,675,356 to Miyata:
(M1 2+)y1 [(M2 2+)y2 ]1-x M3+ x (OH)2 Ax/n n-.mH2 O
wherein M1 2+ is at least one divalent metal cation selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba; M2 2+ is at least one divalent metal cation selected from the group consisting of Zn, Cd, Pb and Sn, M+3 is a trivalent metal cation which can be trivalent aluminum; An- is an anion having a valence of n; and x, y1, y2 and m are positive numbers having the following values: x is greater than zero and less than 0.5; y1 is greater than zero; y2 is greater than zero; (y1 +y2) is greater than 0.5 and less than 1; and m is greater than zero and less than 2.
In order to test the levels of acetaldehyde formation, the following test procedure was used. Samples of enhanced efficacy ACH powder were blended with 1,1-difluoroethane in a ratio of 1:5 by weight concentration in glass bottles including metal coupons (representing the can). The samples were sealed and stored at 120� F. The metal coupons were exposed to the solid, liquid and vapor phases, so that corrosion in each phase could be visually observed. Samples were withdrawn from the vapor phase and analyzed using a gas chromatograph with a mass spectrophotometer and a flame ionization detector and the surface conditions of the metal coupon were visually observed in the vapor phase, the liquid phase (propellant phase) and the solid phase (ACH). This procedure was repeated at periodic intervals.
The compositions of the invention and method of making them will be further described in the following examples, but it is to be understood that the invention is not meant to be limited to the details described therein. In the Examples, percent (%) is by weight.
16,000 Grams of an enhanced efficacy ACH solution containing 3.11% of aluminum and 2.13% of chloride was prepared.
One half of the resulting solution was spray dried using a 30" diameter conical bottom Bowen spray dryer having an outlet temperature of 230� F. The resultant powder was micronized using an air jet mill until about 95% of the product passed through a 325 mesh screen. This sample is designated as Control 1.
44 Grams of glycine was added to the second half of the solution. The resultant solution was refluxed for one hour and spray dried at an outlet temperature of about 195-205� F. This product was micronized until about 97% of the product passed through a 325 mesh screen, and is designated as Example 1. The chemical analysis of the Control and Example 1 is summarized in Table I.
TABLE I______________________________________Sample     % Al     % Cl     Al:Cl   Fe,ppm______________________________________Control 1  24.57    16.75    1.93:1  75Example 1  23.76    16.49    1.89:1  77______________________________________
Control 1 and Example 1 were mixed with 1,1-difluoroethane at a 20% concentration in glass bottles and stored at 120� F. Metal coupons were added to represent the aerosol can. The reaction by-products for each of the samples were measured in the vapor phase using gas chromatography. The samples were analyzed after storage for various periods of time as shown in Table II.
TABLE II__________________________________________________________________________      WeeksSample     1  3  5  7  9  11 15 21 29__________________________________________________________________________AcetaldehydeControl 1  4.6         11.9            17.5               30.7                  40.9                     56.4                        44.5                           109.5                              127.9Example 1  1.1         3.6            4.7               6.8                  7.1                     13.2                        14.7                           39.3                              49.1MonochlorofluoroethaneControl 1  18.6         48.4            74.7               127.2                  172.2                     239.5                        181.9                           476.4                              553.9Example 1  4.1         13.6            19.9               30.3                  31.8                     45.3                        65.9                           172.7                              205.3__________________________________________________________________________
Table II shows that after storing for 11 weeks, Control 1 contained 56.4 ppm of acetaldehyde and 239.5 ppm of monochlorofluorethane, whereas the composition of Example 1 contained only 13.2 ppm of acetaldehyde and 45.3 ppm of monochlorofluoroethane, a 77% reduction in acetaldehyde and an 81% reduction in monochlorofluroethane.
Two more samples, Control 2 and Example 2, were prepared using the procedure of Example 1, except increasing the amount of glycine for Example 2 to 7.6%. A third sample, Example 3, was prepared by dry blending Control 2 with 8.1% of glycine and micronizing the powders. 100% of these powders passed through a 325 mesh screen. Chemical analysis of samples Control 2 and Examples 2 and 3 are summarized in Table III.
TABLE III______________________________________Sample     % Al     % Cl     Al:Cl   Fe,ppm______________________________________Control 2  25.27    17.25    1.92:1  57Example 2  24.22    16.33    1.93:1  57Example 3  23.1     15.79    1.92:1  57______________________________________
Testing for the formation of acetaldehyde and monochlorofluoroethane was carried out as in Example 1. The samples were stored at 120� F. for 29 weeks and analyzed at intervals. The results are shown in Table IV.
TABLE IV______________________________________      Weeks      2    6       10     15    23   29______________________________________AcetaldehydeCantral 2    31.7   62.9    140.8                            321.7 399.6                                       651.8Example 2    6.4    13.6    30.5 66.6  106.2                                       142.3Example 3    0.8    3.5     6.9  8.6   13.4 16.7MonachlorofluoroethaneControl 2    40     72.3    136.9                            276.8 331.1                                       495.9Example 2    15.2   30      43.4 80.9  111  135.8Example 3    0.5    0.1     2    8.9   22.6 30.7______________________________________
The results indicate inhibition of acetaldehyde and monochlorofluoroethane formation to be at least 93% and as high as 97-99% under extreme conditions of time and temperature. These results indicate that the inhibition rate for formation of acetaldehyde and monochlorofluoroethane is a function of the glycine concentration; and the % reduction in acetaldehyde and monochlorofluoroethane is fairly constant over 29 weeks. The FDA considers that stability of a drug product at 104� F. for 3 months is equivalent to stability for two years under ambient conditions. Antiperspirants would not be exposed to high temperatures of 120� F. continuously over time, but for only for 1-2 weeks at most.
The enhanced efficacy ACH samples of Control 2 and Example 3 were examined using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a column 25 cm long with an ID of 6.2 mm, a pore size of 60 angstroms and a particle size of 5-7 microns. The samples were dissolved in deionized water to form a solution containing 2 weight % of aluminum. Each sample was filtered through a 0.45 micron filter and chromatographed within 5 minutes. Samples of 10 microliters were used at a flow rate of 1 ml/min, a pressure of 400-500 psig, a chart speed of 1 cm/min and using a 0.01N nitric acid eluent.
The relative retention times for Band II and Band III was 0.70-0.74 and 0.76-0.80 respectively.
The HPLC chromatographs are shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B and 2A and 2B, respectively, wherein FIGS. 1A and 1B illustrate the Control sample before (A) and after (B) adding 1,1-difluoroethane. FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate the Example 2 composition.
Comparison of initial HPLC and that after storage at 120� F. for 10 weeks show that the activated ACH is stable in the presence of the additive and 1,1-difluoroethane. Since there is no significant change in peak areas for Bands II and III, efficacy of the antiperspirant should remain unchanged.
Corrosion results, as shown in Table V below, show that after storage for thirteen weeks at elevated temperatures, the metal coupon in Control 2 showed detinning and rust in the vapor phase; detinning in the liquid phase; and was totally rusted in the solid phase; whereas the metal coupon in the glycine-modified ACH of Example 2 showed very very slight detinning in the vapor phase and in the liquid phase, and some detinning and slight rust in the solid phase. This is a significant improvement for can corrosion under severe storage conditions of 120� F. for 13 weeks. Thus storage at room temperature for two years should result in less or no corrosion, and the concentration of acetaldehyde and monochlorofluoroethane should be about one-half or one-third that of the concentration observed at 15 weeks.
TABLE V______________________________________Sample     Phase       Week 6    Week 13______________________________________Control 2  Vapor phase detinning detinning/rust      Liquid phase                  detinning detinning      Solid phase rusted    rustedExample 2  Vapor phase no change very very slight                            detinning      Liquid phase                  no change very very slight                            detinning      Solid phase slight    detinning/rust                  detinning______________________________________
Following the procedure of Example 1, samples were prepared by dry blending 200 grams of enhanced efficacy ACH prepared as in Example 2 with micronized hydrotalcite powder. Example 4 contained 7.87% of hydrotalcite and Example 5 contained 3.56% of glycine and 3.31% of hydrotalcite. The samples were stored at 120� F. for 12 weeks and analyzed for acetaldehyde and monochlorofluoroethane, and compared to Control 2, as shown below Table VI.
TABLE VI______________________________________        WeeksSample         2           5      12______________________________________AcetaldehydeControl 2      8.2         19.9   42.9Example 4      2.6         6.4    8.7% Reduction    75.6        67.8   79.7Example 5      1           2.2    3.0% Reduction    87.8        88.9   90.9MonochlorofluoroethaneControl 2      49.6        120.6  250EXAMPLE 4      12.3        32.5   47.1% Reduction    75.2        73     81.2Example 5      4           9.5    19.8% Reduction    91.9        92.1   92.08______________________________________
Thus the reduction for acetaldehyde and monochlorofluoroethane after 12 weeks was 79.7% and 81.2% respectively for Example 4, and 90.9 and 92.08% respectively for Example 5.
By extrapolation, it appears that at about 15% concentration, hydrotalcite alone will inhibit the generation of acetaldehyde and monochlorofluoroethane by more than 90%.
It also appears from the data that there is a synergistic effect when both glycine and hydrotalcite are blended together with ACH, (Example 5) since only 3.31% of hydrotalcite and 3.56% of glycine produced a 92% reduction in monochlorofluoroethane generation and a 90% reduction in acetaldehyde generation.
Metal coupons were tested for corrosion in the blends of Examples 4 and 5. The Control used was that of Example 2. The results are given below in Table VII.
TABLE VII______________________________________Corrosion dataSample        Phase        Week 12______________________________________Control 2     Vapor phase  Detinning/rust         Liquid phase no change         Solid phase  rustedExample 4     Vapor phase  dulling         Liquid phase detinning         Solid phase  detinning/rustExample 5     Vapor phase  no change         Liquid phase no change         Solid phase  detinning______________________________________
Thus the control was completely rusted in the solid phase after 12 weeks, whereas the Example S blend only showed detinning after storage for 12 weeks at elevated temperature. Thus it can be concluded that an aerosol can will be able to be stored under ambient conditions for two years with minimum or no corrosion.
A sample blend was made from enhanced efficacy ACH and 7.2% of sodium glycinate. The blend was stored at elevated temperature for 12 weeks and compared to the Control of Example 2. The results of acetaldehyde and monochlorofluoroethane generation are given below in Table VIII.
TABLE VIII______________________________________        WeeksSample         2           5      12______________________________________AcetaldehydeControl        8.2         19.9   42.9Example 6      0.6         1.3    2.2% Reduction    92.7        93.5   94.9MonochlorofluoroethaneControl        219.6       120.6  250Example 6      1.4         3.7    7.6% Reduction    97.2        96.9   96.96______________________________________
The above results indicate that sodium glycinate is as effective as glycine; however, sodium glycinate will neutralize part of the ACH, which may reduce its efficacy. Thus preferably the sodium salt will be used at a lower concentration in combination with glycine or hydrotalcite or a complex aluminum buffering agent.
Corrosion data is given in Table IX below.
TABLE IX______________________________________Corrosion after 12 weeks______________________________________Control      Vapor phase  detinning/rust        Liquid phase no chanqe        Solid phase  rustedExample 6    Vapor phase  no change        Liquid phase no change        Solid phase  detinning/rust______________________________________
The above data shows a significant reduction in rust. No detinning or rust was observed in the vapor or liquid phases. However, detinning and rusting was observerd in the solid phase after 12 weeks. Again, it can be concluded that no noticeable corrosion will occur after storage at room temperature or up to 70� F.
In order to test the synergistic effects of different additives of the invention, two examples were prepared by dry blending enhanced efficacy ACH with glycine, hydrotalcite and sodium glycinate in a proportion of 1:1:1 but in differing concentration. Example 7 included 10% of the additive mixture and Example 8 included 15% of the additive mixture.
Following the procedure of Example 1, the samples were stored at elevated temperature for 12 weeks. The results are given in Table X below.
TABLE X______________________________________             WeeksSample              5      12______________________________________AcetaldehydeExample 7           0.8    1.6Example 8           0.6    1.2MonochlorofluoroethaneExample 7           2.9    7.6Example 8           0.9    2.8______________________________________
The above results clearly show that the reaction between ACH and 1,1-difluoroethane can be controlled so that no more than a few ppm of undesirable by-products are generated, even after 12 weeks at elevated temperature.
In reality aerosol cans will be subjected to temperature cycling and will not be subjected to high temperatures on a continuous basis. This will significantly reduce the concentration of by-products because the reaction between ACH and 1,1-difluoroethane is 20 fold higher at 120� F. than at 70� F. Further, typically the concentration of ACH in aerosol cans is 10%, whereas all of the present studies were done at a worse case 16% concentration.
It can be concluded that storage under ambient conditions of the above blends will produce small or non-detectable amounts of acetaldehyde and monochlorofluoroethane.
Other approaches which can be used for stabilizing the aerosol formulation are pH adjustment of the basic aluminum chloride solution or adducts thereof with alkali salts such as sodium bicarbonate, soda ash, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and the like up to a pH of 4.6-5.0 and then spray drying the resultant basic aluminum chloride. Such an approach will have an adverse effect on the product. The use of aluminum chlorohydrate propylene glycol complex or aluminum chlorohydrate glycine complex will minimize the use of other additives such as hydrotalcite or sodium glycinate for reducing corrosion and/or inhibiting the formation of undesirable organic by-products such as acetaldehyde and monofluoroethane.
Although the invention has been described in terms of particular embodiments, blends of one or more of the various additives described herein can be used, and substitutes therefor, as will be known to those skilled in the art. Thus the invention is not meant to be limited to the details described herein, but only by the scope of the appended claims.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS4675356 *Jan 29, 1986Jun 23, 1987Kyowa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.Synthetic resin composition having reduced corrosion-causing tendency and colorationUS5718876 *Apr 19, 1996Feb 17, 1998Reheis Inc.Basic aluminum and aluminum/zirconium antiperspirants and method of making the same* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS6726901May 9, 2002Apr 27, 2004The Gillette CompanyStabilized antiperspirant compositions containing aluminum-zirconium salts with low M:Cl ratioUS6887926Nov 15, 2002May 3, 2005Oatey Co.Bonding compositions for chlorinated polymers and methods of using the sameUS6902724Mar 24, 2004Jun 7, 2005Reheis, Inc.Enhanced efficacy basic aluminum halides, antiperspirant active compositions and methods for makingUS7014843Mar 24, 2004Mar 21, 2006Reheis, Inc.Enhanced efficacy basic aluminum halides/metal cation salt, antiperspirants actives and compositions containing such materials and methods for makingUS7311898Mar 15, 2005Dec 25, 2007Colgate-Palmolive CompanyHigh efficacy, low irritation aluminum salts and related productsUS7704531Feb 6, 2006Apr 27, 2010Colgate-Palmolive CompanyEnhanced efficacy aluminum or aluminum-zirconium antiperspirant salt compositions containing calcium salt(s) and betaineUS20110217254 *Sep 23, 2009Sep 8, 2011Beiersdorf AgAntiperspirant preparations comprising hydrotalciteDE102008052746A1Oct 22, 2008Apr 29, 2010Beiersdorf AgAntitranspirantzubereitungen mit HydrotalcitEP1727509A2 *Feb 7, 2005Dec 6, 2006Reheis, Inc.Enhanced efficacy basic aluminum halide antiperspirant activesWO2004052325A1 *Dec 4, 2003Jun 24, 2004Colgate Palmolive CoHigh efficacy, low irritation aluminum salts and antiperspirant products* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification424/68, 424/400, 424/401, 424/65International ClassificationA61K8/04, A61K8/44, A61K8/26, A61K8/23, A61Q15/00, A61K8/21, A61K8/19, A61K8/25Cooperative ClassificationA61K8/046, A61Q15/00, A61K8/26, A61K2800/58, A61K8/44, A61K8/19European ClassificationA61K8/26, A61Q15/00, A61K8/04F, A61K8/44, A61K8/19Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionDec 1, 2014ASAssignmentOwner name: SUMMIT RESEARCH LABS, INC., NEW YORKFree format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:MVC CAPITAL, INC., AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT;REEL/FRAME:034292/0791Effective date: 20141126Apr 30, 2013ASAssignmentOwner name: SUMMIT RESEARCH LABS, INC., NEW YORKFree format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:CHURCHILL FINANCIAL LLC, AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT;REEL/FRAME:030318/0063Effective date: 20130424Owner name: WBS CARBONS ACQUISITION CORP., NEW YORKFree format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:CHURCHILL FINANCIAL LLC, AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT;REEL/FRAME:030318/0063Effective date: 20130424Owner name: REHEIS, INC., NEW YORKFree format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:CHURCHILL FINANCIAL LLC, AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT;REEL/FRAME:030318/0063Effective date: 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SRK to zoom in world's fastest car | india | Hindustan Times
SRK to zoom in world's fastest car
Buzz is that superstar Shahrukh Khan is all set to drive the world's fastest car - the Bugatti Veyron in his forthcoming film Ra One. Recent reports have revealed that King Khan also plans to...
india Updated: Jun 29, 2010 19:05 IST
Buzz is that superstar Shahrukh Khan is all set to drive the world's fastest car - the Bugatti Veyron in his forthcoming film Ra One.
Recent reports have revealed that King Khan also plans to take driving lessons from a special technical team that worked in The Pirates of the Caribbean.
A source from Ra One told a news daily that "A team of technicians from The Pirates Of The Caribbean crew is being flown down to teach Shah Rukh how to drive the car with ease. When you are zipping at a top speed of 407 kilometres per hour, your mind cannot afford to drift. Your concentration needs to be at its best."
Shah Rukh plays a superhero in Ra One and drives the fastest car ever. The Bugatti Veyron is to be used in performing many stunts by Shah Rukh in this film. This film is being directed by Anubhav Sinha and it also stars Kareena Kapoor as its leading lady.
Ra One is expected to be SRK's most ambitious project.

type: global

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DYswim: Comments: Digital Photography Review
DYswim
Lives in Shanghai
Joined on Sep 15, 2004
On article Sigma goes wide with 24mm F1.4 DG HSM Art lens (183 comments in total)
I'm stoked - I sold my Nikon 24/1.4G in December in anticipation of this, and I'll be moving quickly assuming its quality is anything like my 35/1.4 Art. The Nikon 24 is a fine lens, and relatively light (vs Art series, anyway), but my copy had veiling haze wide open.
Link | Posted on Feb 10, 2015 at 05:52 UTC as 55th comment
On photo dark waters in the Beating the Heat challenge (11 comments in total)
Superb shot ... evokes the coolness of water on a hot summers day. Congratulations.
Link | Posted on Aug 3, 2010 at 06:19 UTC as 2nd comment
85 To be let down by the m4/3 "IQ"

value: This website is a website about digital cameras and digital photography, established in November 1998. The website provides comprehensive reviews of digital cameras, lenses and accessories, buying guides, user reviews, and forums for individual cameras, as well as general photography forums.


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with a joke? joe biden. sorry, that's the joke. [applause] followed by another joke, nancy pelosi. sorry. as an ardent practicing catholic. sorry. i was told by friends of "saturday night live" but i do the best nancy pelosi impersonation, but i'm still waiting for that bet they are going to me and "saturday night live." he seemed to avoid goofy liberal spirits on the republicans they do over there. our first award to the evening is the obama got some award. i can't believe i'm actually saying that. troubling. for about 25 years come in the media research center has been documenting every idiocy we know from the media as they celebrate one liberal hero after another. and let me just say, the people we are going to be talking about, they love politicians who want to raise your taxes, right? they love politicians who want to expand the nanny state and are going to check all the boxes here. they love presidents who have been wondering i peered well, if they have the right political views. they love the wives who actually stand by those presidents who are politicians of wandering eyes, as lo Hannity
in denver. joe biden admits, he wants to raise your taxes by trillions. >> ooh 'bama and biden want to raise your tax by $5 trillion. guess what? yes, we do. >> sean: and the real obama is exposed as another disturbing tape emerges from his past. we have it tonight. plus, a special edition of media mash. we investigate race and politics. we are 33 days away from election day. "hannity" starts right here, right now. welcome to "hannity." the consensus is in. governor mitt romney was the decisive winner in last night's presidential debate. in just a moment, i will be joined for an exclusive interview by both governor romney and his runningmate, congressman paul ryan. even the most left-wing observers have conceded that their candzidate bombed without his teleprompter last night. obama aides are trying to pin it all on mitt romney. believe it or not, they are accusing the governor of lying. of course, they are the ones that are. watch this. >> again and again and again, he told the story to the american people that is completely... in contrast with what he said before and unfounded in fact. and Morning Joe
dodd, joe biden, outdebated barack obama in every single debate back in 2008. every single debate. chris dodd, joe biden, hillary clinton just ran circles around him. and people say, well, why can't he -- at some point you just have to say, because he doesn't have his -- i mean, a great of a grasp on the issues as the people he's debating. >> that's sobering but it's true. i still believe it's the professor. >> how can you be president of the united states, mark halperin, and, i mean, and not have these basic answers? >> well, it's more than i think the format than not having the answers. he spent a lot of the evening going after mitt romney for things that he thinks he can win the election on like taxes and medicare. it wasn't like he never responded to it. >> but isn't the format in washington is that you get in a room with someone and you go at it and you try and figure it out? >> that's what we're asking. has he been too isolated? listen, we talked to him. the guy is brilliant. he really is. but has he become so isolated there's not the back-and-forth with even democratic lead Search Results 0 to 6 of about 7 (some duplicates have been removed)

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 The Crystal Resort Sun Moon Lake, Nantou - 2018 Reviews, Pictures & Deals
Dawn Room - Room plan
Good service from staff, we like the room with large bathroom, living room and view of the lake
YEXING from Thailand
All staff were very helpful during our stay They were very patient with assistance with a booking issue Great location with 'to die for' views of the lake Highly recommended without hesitation
The room is nice decoration with the best location for Sun Moon Lake. Just located in front of the lake and market.
it is a great accommodation offering nice view of sun moon lake
Beautiful decoration. Very large suite. Comfortable bed, good facility and everything. Dinner was just perfect. Staff was so helpful, polite, service minded. Worth every dollar.
No. 3, Shueshalian St. Rihyue Village, Yuchih Township, Nan Tou County, Sun Moon Lake, Nantou, Taiwan, - View on map
This property is in high demand!Last booked 14 hours ago | 13 travelers are looking at this property right now
Have a question for The Crystal Resort Sun Moon Lake?
More about The Crystal Resort Sun Moon Lake
Resting 10 minutes away from the glittery water of the Sun Moon Lake is this series of beautifully built wooden cottages made with elegant Chinese wood and traditional craftsmanship. Guests have four living areas to choose from, each with their own unique guestrooms, giving a variety of cottages and cabins to choose from. The hotel also features its very own mushroom farm, an on-site restaurant, and a spa. This remote oasis is well known for being the perfect stage for wedding events. Meeting facilities will help cater to that or any other event you may have, and an executive floor and Wi-Fi in all rooms and public areas can assist those traveling on business.
Xuanzhuang Temple - 1.4 km
Wunwu Temple - 2.41 km
Checheng Station - 6.77 km
Chung Tai Chan Monastery - 17.66 km
Zi Nan Temple - 21.47 km
Xitou Monster Village - 23.85 km
Ci En Pagoda - 1.27 km
Syuentzang Temple - 1.43 km
Syuanguang Temple - 1.74 km
Xuan Guang Temple Pier - 1.76 km
Lalu Island - 2.07 km
Agoda Reviews (937)Booking.com Reviews (397)
Annette from Taiwan
Good information. Clean rooms and a very nice location Staff helpful and smiling
Violeita from Indonesia
YEH-HENG from Taiwan
Darem from Singapore

value: This website is a Singaporean online travel agency and metasearch engine for hotels, vacation rentals, flights, and airport transfer. It is owned by Agoda Company Pte.


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FabricatorMusic comments on When did the G-Funk era end, and why?jump to contentmy subredditsannouncementsArtAskRedditaskscienceawwblogbookscreepydataisbeautifulDIYDocumentariesEarthPornexplainlikeimfiveFitnessfoodfunnyFuturologygadgetsgamingGetMotivatedgifshistoryIAmAInternetIsBeautifulJokesLifeProTipslistentothismildlyinterestingmoviesMusicnewsnosleepnottheonionOldSchoolCoolpersonalfinancephilosophyphotoshopbattlespicsscienceShowerthoughtsspacesportstelevisiontifutodayilearnedTwoXChromosomesUpliftingNewsvideosworldnewsWritingPromptsedit subscriptionsfront-all-random | Music-worldnews-askscience-Documentaries-nottheonion-GetMotivated-Fitness-Futurology-news-LifeProTips-pics-gifs-space-sports-AskReddit-photoshopbattles-Showerthoughts-dataisbeautiful-Art-gaming-history-Jokes-EarthPorn-movies-tifu-personalfinance-IAmA-gadgets-explainlikeimfive-todayilearned-books-science-mildlyinteresting-television-aww-philosophy-WritingPrompts-InternetIsBeautiful-food-DIY-listentothis-nosleep-creepy-OldSchoolCool-UpliftingNews-TwoXChromosomes-funny-videosmore » hiphopheadscommentsrelatedwant to join? login or register in seconds|Englishlimit my search to /r/hiphopheadsuse the following search parameters to narrow your results:subreddit:subredditfind submissions in "subreddit"author:usernamefind submissions by "username"site:example.comfind submissions from "example.com"url:textsearch for "text" in urlselftext:textsearch for "text" in self post contentsself:yes (or self:no)include (or exclude) self postsnsfw:yes (or nsfw:no)include (or exclude) results marked as NSFWe.g. subreddit:aww site:imgur.com dogsee the search faq for details.advanced search: by author, subreddit...this post was submitted on 30 Dec 201210 points (73% upvoted)shortlink: remember mereset passwordloginSubmit a new linkSubmit a new text posthiphopheadssubscribeunsubscribe199,646 readers586 users here nowHipHopHeads
created by zigzagziga community for 4 yearsmessage the moderatorsMODERATORSzigzagzigKilladelphianJack_Banditdhaft88CurLyymurdahmamurdahTheHHHRobotRiceburgerAutoModerator2naFied...and 7 more »91011When did the G-Funk era end, and why? (self.hiphopheads)submitted 1 year ago by RepoOne7 commentssharecancelsorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onloading...sorted by: bestbesttopnewhotcontroversialoldrandomyou are viewing a single comment's thread.view the rest of the comments →[+]FabricatorMusic 0 points1 point2 points 1 year ago (0 children)[–]FabricatorMusic 0 points1 point2 points 1 year agosorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onstyles eventually go out of....style. and make way for new ones.
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Internet Archive Search: creator:"Interplay"
55 RESULTS software 43
COLLECTION Classic PC Games 17
Software Library 10
The Software Library: MS-DOS 10
Software Library: MS-DOS Games 9
Console Living Room 6
Community Software 5
Ash072 Favorites 4
bstaaden Favorites 4
Deadly-Dosage Favorites 4
Grave461 Favorites 4
macleod73 Favorites 4
Nostalgick Favorites 4
ARCHIVE.ORG Console Library: Sega Game Gear 4
CD-ROM Software Library 3
Bookwyrm00 Favorites 3
Brujj Favorites 3
Erondell Favorites 3
graymatterblues Favorites 3
innocentdarkling Favorites 3
Itun Favorites 3
TOPIC Vintage computer games 17
DOS games 15
Role playing games 4
dynamic interplay 2
game manual 2
livepa 2
CD-ROM covers 1
DOS Game Patches 1
M.A.S. 1
game manuals 1
msdos game space federation star reach 1994 1
CREATOR interplay 30
interplay productions, inc. 9
dynamic interplay 3
beam software / interplay 2
beam software/interplay 2
electrobios 2
interplay entertainment corp. 2
dynamic interplay feat. m.a.s. 1
http://www.interplay.com/fallout/index.html 1
interplay entertainment 1
interplay/ringler studios/visual concepts 1
Kingdom: The Far Reaches demo Sep 6, 2014
0 0 Kingdom: The Far Reaches - interactive/playable demo Topics: DOS games, Vintage computer games, Adventure games Community Software
Star Reach (Space Federation) Apr 11, 2015
0 0 Star Reach is a 1994 science fiction real-time strategy video game for DOS byInterplay Entertainment,[1] also known as Space Federation.[2]The purpose of the game is to lead one of seven species (humans and six other alien species) in a race to rule the universe, one galaxy at a time.Source: Wikipedia Topic: msdos game space federation star reach 1994 Cover Art Archive
Ignition Apr 18, 2015
0 0 "The 5 Year Mission Continues Captain's Log, star date 6238.4. There is no doubt that you're being watched. By whom and by what type of life form is not determined. Even Spock has not been able to accurately assess this data. The occurrences are just too strange. Is that truly an ancient WWI triplane heading straight for you at Warp 9? Could it be Trelane? How can your sensors suddenly report life forms on a dead planet? Where did that primitive race get such advanced technology? No, it... Topics: DOS games, Vintage computer games, Adventure games Community Texts
Manual: Interplay's 10 Year Anthology Jun 8, 2015
0 0 Manual for CD-ROM game compilation. Topic: game manuals Classic PC Games
Star Reach Demo Jul 8, 2012
0 0 "Star Reach features split-screen action to allow two opponents to play head to head, or against computer opponents. Players can also go it alone and play against one to three computer opponents. Programmed in 32-bit protected mode, players will thrill to the real-time, simultaneous strategy with over 20 scenarios, a 4-channel digital soundtrack and digitized speech. With stereo music, 3-D rendered battle-space ships, multiple scenarios and seven alien species, multiple combinations assure... Topics: DOS games, Vintage computer games, Action games Computer Game Manuals
Future Wars: Adventures in Time - Manual [CD Version] Mar 20, 2015
0 0 Manual for the MS-DOS CD version of the game Future Wars: Adventures in Time. Topic: game manual Computer Game Manuals
Y2K: The Game - Manual Mar 14, 2015
0 0 Manual for Y2K; The Game, by Interplay. Topic: game manual Classic PC Games
Mario Teaches Typing Demo Jul 5, 2012
6 0 "Let Mario Talk Your Fingers to Typing Fun! Learning to Type Doesn't Have to be Boring! Your favorite Nintendo hero, Mario, is the key to enjoying every minute of learning how to type. Innovative VActor technology brings Mario's Ã¢â¬Ålarger than lifeÃ¢â¬ cartoon image and friendly voice to your computer screen. Mario will encourage and motivate you through three fun-filled lesson levels. He'll even help you track your progress and celebrate your achievements with an original Mario... Topics: DOS games, Vintage computer games, Educational games Classic PC Games
Atomic Bomberman Demo Jun 27, 2014
1 0 Since 1989 Bomberman has been defined by gamers as the ultimate multiplayer game. Now "the man" is available in an enhanced 10-player multiplayer package, complete with 3D rendered graphics, new character animations, and a vast repertoire of spiteful canned and custom taunts. Keeping true to the original addictive gameplay, you better think fast as you vie for deadly power-ups, race against the clock, and blow your opponents to smithereens. Topics: Windows games, Vintage computer games, Action games Classic PC Games
Star Trek: 25th Anniversary Demo Jul 5, 2012
1 0 "Fasten your seatbelts, bring your seat backs to an upright position, and stow away those other computer games. You're about to pilot a Federation Starship on a wild roller coaster ride through the final frontier. STAR TREK: 25th Anniversary combines a realistic, 3D flight simulator with a wide variety of role-playing adventures to create a gripping game of galactic exploration. You'll play James T. Kirk and experience the thrill of piloting the U.S.S. Enterprise using Interplay's... Topics: DOS games, Vintage computer games, Adventure games Community Software
1 0 The original classic Wasteland from 1987 which spearheaded the spiritual successors Fallout and Fallout 2. A sequel to this game is under development and will be released in 2014. Topics: wasteland, interplay, post, apocalypse, nuclear, war, fallout, rpg, turn, based CD-ROM Software Library
Y2K: The Game Mar 14, 2015
0 0 CD-ROM adventure game for Windows 98 about escaping a computerized mansion that malfunctions at midnight on December 31st, 1999. A PDF manual is included on disc #2. Topic: Windows 98 CD-ROM Classic PC Games
2 0 Battle Chess 4000 takes the classic game of chess and rushes it headlong into the future. Chess pieces become animated space age characters, created from state-of-the-art, digitized clay model; with the pieces animated moves being both intriguing and hilarious. Not only that but Battle Chess 4000 has a library of over 300,000 opening moves and an artificial intelligence that can handle any level of opponent. Topics: DOS games, Vintage computer games, Board games Classic PC Games
Dvorak on Typing Demo Dec 23, 2013
0 0 The typing tutor that talks as it teaches.In this fast-paced age of computers, the inability to type can be a handicap in your business and academic life.Dvorak on Typing is the first major typing program to feature a human voice that sounds out the letters as you type, helping you to become confident with touch typing. Developed in conjunction with world-renowned computer columnist John C. Dvorak, these user-friendly skill-building lessons take you step by step through the basics -- hand... Topics: DOS games, Vintage computer games, Educational games Classic PC Games
Cyberia Save Game Fix Aug 6, 2014
0 0 This update addresses problems with .log files after the 24th save game. Once the update is applied you can also enter ZAK as your name and immediately have access to all of the milestones. Topics: DOS extras, DOS Game Patches IBM PC Compatible CD-ROMs
Interplay's 10 Year Anthology CD-ROM [1983-1993] Jun 8, 2015
0 0 CD-ROM compilation of ten MS-DOS games by Interplay: Mindshadow (1984), Tass Times in Tone Town (1985), The Bard's Tale (1986), Battle Chess (1987), Wasteland (1988), Dragon Wars (1989), Castles (1990), Lord of the Rings (1991), Star Trek: 25th Anniversary (1992), Out of this World (1993). Also includes demos of: Battle Chess Enhanced CD-ROM, Lord of the Rings CD-ROM, Star Trek: Judgement Rites, Rags to Riches, The Lost Vikings, Buzz Aldrin's Race into Space, Alone in the Dark, Battle Chess... Topic: MS-DOS CD-ROM Classic PC Games
Battle Chess II: Chinese Chess Demo Jul 5, 2012
2 1 Cannons thunder, chariots race over grassy fields, and dragons hurl fireballs at opposing forces in the latest animated strategy game from Interplay Productions. Watch as dragons toast hapless knights, counsellors flatten pawns with enormous mallets hidden in their robes, and cannons merrily blast away at opponents cowering behind other pieces. It is entertainment that will prove the words of the famous Oriental Philosopher/Chef Kung Pao, who said, War is fun! ( 1 reviews ) Topics: DOS games, Vintage computer games, Board games Classic PC Games
Star Trek: Starfleet Academy Sep 4, 2012
2 0 "While this game was only released on Windows, Interplay did release this non-playable demo (movie) of the game for DOS. There is a Place in the Galaxy Where Legends are Born. WELCOME TO STARFLEET ACADEMY. Captain Kirk, Commander Chekov, Captain Sulu. Before they were legends, they were cadets at the most celebrated training facility in the universe -- Starfleet Academy. A vast array of missions will test your ingenuity, leadership and courage - and determine if you've got what it takes to... Topics: DOS games, Vintage computer games, Simulation games Classic PC Games
Fallout Demo Jun 2, 2012
1 0 This Fallout demo is unique in that it contains content not in the retail game. The demo consists of a small settlement controlled by two rival gangs. Set in the aftermath of a world-wide nuclear war, Fallout will challenge you to survive in an unknown and dangerous world. You will take the role of a Vault-dweller, a person who has grown up in a secluded, underground survival Vault. Circumstances arise that force you to go Outside -- to a strange world 80 years after the end of the modern... Topics: Windows games, Vintage computer games, Role playing games Classic PC Games
M.A.X.: Mechanized Assault and Exploration Sep 4, 2012
1 0 Your Mission: colonize new worlds on distant planets. As the Mission Commander, you and the Mechanized Assault & Exploration (M.A.X.) Force you lead are the first ones in. Mining stations, power plants, tactical combat vehicle factories, habitats - it's up to you to plan and construct them. The entire new colony? You create it. The resources you find there? Control them. Enemies? Crush 'em! And there will be enemies. You're not the only Mission Commander trying to colonize the planets.... Topics: DOS games, Vintage computer games, Strategy games Classic PC Games
J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I Demo Sep 4, 2012
2 0 """Interplay's newest role-player tackles the Tolkien trilogy with top-flight graphics, sound and a new play system that should make adventuring in Middle Earth more realistic than ever before."" -Video Games & Computer Entertainment Interplay Productions presents the first role-playing computer game encompassing the epic fantasy world of J.R.R. Tolkien's Middle Earth. Players journey through a world inhabited by hobbits, elves, dwarves, and wizards, falling in and... Topics: DOS games, Vintage computer games, Role playing games CD-ROM Software Library
Carmageddon Feb 6, 2014
0 0 Carmageddon is a graphically violent vehicular combat 1997 PC video game. It was later ported to other platforms, and spawned a series of follow-up titles. It was inspired by the 1975 cult classic movie Death Race 2000. The game was produced by Stainless Games, published by Interplay and SCi.In Carmageddon, the player races a vehicle against a number of other computer controlled competitors in various settings, including city, mine and industrial areas. The player has a certain amount of time... Topics: disc image, game Classic PC Games
J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. II: The Two Towers Demo Sep 4, 2012
2 0 "The legendary tale lives on, as The Two Towers picks up where the critically acclaimed The Lord of the Rings, Vol. 1 left off. The wicked Lord Sauron persists in his quest to capture the one true ring of power. But now the Evil Wizard Saruman, with his insatiable lust for power, is after it as well. You, the player, control a party of benevolent characters in this captivating, role-playing adventure as they battle orcs, trolls, wargs, ghosts, and oliphaunts. You'll travel through the dark... Topics: DOS games, Vintage computer games, Role playing games Classic PC Games
0 0 INTERPLAY BRINGS ITS MOST ELECTRIFYING EPIC FROM THE COMPUTER SCREEN INTO YOUR MIND, BODY AND SOUL. Immerse yourself in an epic experience more powerful and realistic than anything you've imagined. Using innovative new technology, Stonekeep draws you into its dark reaches so completely you'll forget it's just a game. Your feet will walk the ancient corridors. Your hands will wield weapons of metal and magic. You'll battle disembodied foes, rescue your allies from evil, liberate a massive dragon... Topics: DOS games, Vintage computer games, Role playing games Classic PC Games
9 0 The most challenging game on earth comes to life in Battle Chess. An entire medieval world at war is reflected on the checkered field. Everyone who's ever had a knight take a pawn has seen that capture as more than one piece replacing another on the board. In players' minds, the bold knight, resplendent in his armor of silver or ebon, sallies forth and slays the foul footsoldier. Combat, mortal combat, is the heart and soul of chess, but this aspect of it can only live in the mind's eye until... Topics: DOS games, Vintage computer games, Board games Community Texts
CD-ROM Covers: "Pink" 5-Pack Aug 22, 2015
0 0 Front and back inlays for a multipack of CD-ROMs. Topic: CD-ROM covers Classic PC Games
Castles Sep 4, 2012
4 0 "With CASTLES you can now design the layout of your own medieval dream castle. You'll need to pick a good site that is easily defensible from attack and then decide where to put towers, walls and doors. What kind of gatehouse should you build? How high should the battlements be? How hard should you make the peasants work and how much should they be taxed? Dare you get involved in quarrels between the church and state? Should you respond to pleas for help from neighboring barons, leaving... Topics: DOS games, Vintage computer games, Strategy games Cover Art Archive
Room Service Apr 18, 2015
Boogerman A Pick and Flick Adventure May 6, 2014
1 0 Boogerman: A Pick and Flick Adventure is a 2D platform video game created by Interplay Entertainment and released for the Sega Mega Drive/Genesis in 1994 and later on the Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES) in 1995. The Genesis version was also released on the Wii Virtual Console in North America on November 24, 2008 and in Europe on December 12, 2008. The game's lead character also made a cameo appearance as a playable character and the rival of Earthworm Jim in Interplay's ClayFighter... Ourmedia
Dynamic Interplay Live May 21st Bloomington Indiana May 23, 2005
0 0 A live electronica set performed by Dynamic Interplay on May 21st, 2005 at Rhinos all ages club in Bloomington Indiana. This was part of the Midwest Electronic Music Summit, and featured eight LivePA electronic artists of all musical styles and methods. Topics: electronic, livepa, techno, dynamic interplay Community Software
Descent Shareware Sep 18, 2015
0 0 This is the original DOS shareware version of the game Descent. Topics: DOS, descent, space, shooter Cover Art Archive
With You Apr 18, 2015
Electrobios; Interplay
FALLOUT(tm) Interactive Demo 1.0 Apr 11, 2015
0 0 ------------------------------------------- ------------- Readme for FALLOUT(tm) Interactive Demo 1.0 22 April 1997 ------------------------------------------- ------------- This is the readme file for the Fallout Win95 interactive demo. If youneed more help or information, contact Interplay Productions (see belowfor Customer Service information). Fallout is rated Mature by the ESRB. It contains violence, blood, language and drug use. It is... Topic: Fallout Community Audio
Colored Faceless Aug 23, 2006
0 0 Album by Dynamic Interplay featuring electronic music performed live. Nishi
Dynamic Interplay - Untitled [NSH047] Sep 8, 2004
1 0 Dynamic Interplay (the alter-ego of M.A.S. Productions, whose work can be found on Nishi as well) was kind enough to share this astoundingly good recording of a live performance he recently did. Full of vitality and beautiful intricacies, these tracks prove for an extremely satisfying listen that proves electronic music is not exclusively the domain of laptop-based clicks and pops. Topic: Electronic Software Library: MS-DOS Games
The Bard's Tale Construction Set Dec 22, 2014
12 0 Published by Interplay Productions, Inc. Developed by Interplay Productions, Inc. Released 1991 Also For Amiga Genre Role-Playing (RPG) Perspective 1st-Person Perspective Theme Fantasy, Turn-based Misc Editor / Construction SetDescription After three games in the Bard's Tale universe, Interplay gave fans the chance to create their own games based on the game engine. You can design your own Monsters (choosing their look from existing ones or by drawing it yourself), level layouts (from the... Software Library: MS-DOS Games
The Tracer Sanction Dec 26, 2014
1 0 Published by Activision, Inc. Developed by Interplay Productions, Inc. Released 1984 Also For Apple II, Commodore 64 Genre Adventure Theme Detective / Mystery, Interactive Fiction with Graphics, Puzzle-Solving, Sci-Fi / FuturisticDescription As an interplanetary secret agent, you must roam the galaxy in your extremely fuel-conscious space ship (only 500 gallons to the nearest planet). Heaven knows what sort of engine your ship possesses, but as stars scroll past your cockpit you can hear what... Software Library: MS-DOS Games
Mindshadow Dec 24, 2014
3 0 Published by Activision, Inc. Developed by Interplay Productions, Inc. Released 1984 Also For Amiga, Amstrad CPC, Apple II, Atari 8-bit, Atari ST, Commodore 64, Macintosh, ZX Spectrum Genre Adventure Theme Detective / Mystery, Interactive Fiction with GraphicsDescription At the beginning of Mindshadow you find yourself on a lonely beach in a lifeless hut. With a headache and no memory. The object of the game is to completely regain your memory. As you progress in the game a word or phrase will... Software Library: MS-DOS Games
Dragon Wars Dec 22, 2014
18 2 Published by Interplay Entertainment Corp. Developed by Interplay Entertainment Corp. Released 1990 Also For Amiga, Apple II, Apple IIgs, Commodore 64, NES, PC-98, Sharp X68000 | Combined View Genre Role-Playing (RPG) Perspective 1st-Person Perspective Theme Fantasy, Turn-basedDescription Dragon Wars takes place in the magical land of Dilmun, an island of salvation perverted into a world of horror by Namtar (as you might expect - the bad guy). The player starts with a party of four in the city... ( 2 reviews ) Software Library: MS-DOS Games
Neuromancer Dec 24, 2014
63 1 Published by Interplay Productions, Inc. Developed by Interplay Productions, Inc. Released 1989 Also For Amiga, Apple II, Apple IIgs, Commodore 64 Genre Adventure Perspective 3rd-Person Perspective Theme Cyberpunk / Dark Sci-Fi Misc Licensed TitleDescription Based on the cyberpunk novel by William Gibson. In a grimy future, you play Case, a cyberspace cowboy who finds himself broke in Chiba City. Find yourself a laptop and the right software for it so you can hack into databases around the city... ( 1 reviews ) Software Library: MS-DOS Showcase
Wasteland Dec 22, 2014
11 0 Published by Electronic Arts, Inc. Developed by Interplay Productions, Inc. Released 1988 Also For Apple II, Commodore 64, Linux, Macintosh, Windows Genre Role-Playing (RPG) Perspective Top-Down Theme Post-Apocalyptic, Turn-basedDescription Wasteland takes place in the future after the nuclear holocaust of World War III. The player guides band of Desert Rangers from town to town, gradually uncovering a sinister plot that threatens what's left of mankind. Much of the game is played like most... ARCHIVE.ORG Console Library: Sega Game Gear
1 0 (The description below courtesy of MobyGames via a CC license.) In Casino FunPak, you walk around in a casino, partaking in a multitude of games and competing in tournaments to earn as much money as you can. You can play Roulette, Video Poker, Slot Machines, Blackjack and Craps. The tournament mode contains a large tour of the five games. Cover Art Archive
Depends on You Apr 18, 2015
Electrobios; Liluca; Interplay
0 0 Software Library: MS-DOS Games
The Bard's Tale 3 - Thief Of Fate Dec 22, 2014
44 2 Published by Electronic Arts, Inc. Developed by Interplay Productions, Inc. Released 1990 Also For Amiga, Apple II, Commodore 64, PC-98 Genre Role-Playing (RPG) Perspective 1st-Person Perspective Theme Fantasy, Turn-basedDescription The warriors who have destroyed the evil wizard Mangar receive a letter while celebrating their victory. The letter informs them of a terrible disaster: Mangar's master, the Mad God Tarjan, has unleashed his wrath upon the town of Skara Brae, completely destroying... ( 2 reviews ) Software Library: MS-DOS Games
Championship Golf - The Great Courses of the World - Volume I Pebble Beach Dec 23, 2014
1 0 Published by Gamestar Developed by Interplay Productions, Inc. Released 1986 Also For Amiga Genre Simulation, Sports Perspective 3rd-Person Perspective Sport GolfDescription Championship Golf: The Great Courses of the World - Volume I: Pebble Beach is a golf game which features the American course Pebble Beach. For every hit the game shows a 3D and overhead view of the situation, so the player can plan the next steps accordingly. The golf game itself is menu driven: the player changes various... ARCHIVE.ORG Console Library: Sega Game Gear
5-in-1 Funpak May 5, 2014
Beam Software / Interplay
0 0 5 in 1 Funpak 1994Beam Software - Interplay Software Library: MS-DOS Games
Borrowed Time Dec 23, 2014
6 0 Published by Activision, Inc. Developed by Interplay Productions, Inc. Released 1985 Also For Amiga, Apple II, Atari ST, Commodore 64, Macintosh Genre Adventure Perspective 1st-Person Perspective Theme Detective / Mystery, Interactive Fiction with GraphicsDescription Borrowed Time is set in mid-1930's. The player assumes the role of a private investigator named Sam Harlow, who has to solve the kidnapping of his ex-wife Rita Sweeney. At the beginning, he runs away from two thugs, who want to... ARCHIVE.ORG Console Library: Sega Game Gear
0 0 Published by Interplay Productions, Inc. Developed by Beam Software Pty., Ltd. Released 1994 Platform Game Gear ESRB Rating Kids to Adults Genre Strategy Theme Board / Party Game, ChessDescription 5 in One Fun Pak features four board games and one dice game. The featured games are Chess, Checkers, Backgammon, Reversi and Yacht (using Yahtzee's rules). You can select to play one player against the computer or two players. You can select you skill levels for most games from 1 (easiest) to 3... ARCHIVE.ORG Console Library: Sega Game Gear
1 0 (The description below courtesy of MobyGames via a CC license.) Description Solitaire FunPak is a handheld solitaire game. There are 12 different forms of solitaire to play (Klondike, Tripeaks, Pyramid, Cruel, Freecell, Golf, Canfield, Aces Up, Scorpion, Poker, Stonewall and Florentine). It also has a tournament mode where players can go for standard games, a full championship, a custom game or a custom game with a time limit. The best scores are stored in the hall of fame. MORE RESULTS


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Watchffull, you are right on. B&W in competition must show whites just short of burn out and blacks just short of blocked up. In other words, the full range of B&W tones. Gray images really don't do very well. Ansel Adams set the standard with his Zone System.
17 Deleting photos in-camera.
27 tmorterlaing


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Computer Client Field Analyst (Job No. 01-070717-04) (9406)
Provide desk side support (hardware/software support & training); Computer Client Field Analyst*. IT field support or service/help center:....
Work with the Field WMS Support WMS Manager and DC leadership to ensure full support coverage in the DC. Additionally the WMS Manager will serve as the local...
Support on-site emergency technical maintenance personnel during periods of impending disaster or emergency....
Project Coordinator (Administrative Analyst/Specialist II) (...
Communicate appropriately to internal and vendor support teams regarding operational matters. Support communications and working relationships with external...
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Program Support (50%). Provide administrative support for Employment Program. Provide administrative support for the Benefits Program....
Provide technical support and training to staff members. Provides programming support as followed:. Demonstrated understanding and experience with technical...
View all Noble Credit Union jobs in Fresno, CA - Fresno jobsSalary Search: Business Analyst salaries in Fresno, CARelated forums: Fresno, California - Business Analyst - Noble Credit Union
Operating Systems Analyst - Career or Expert (13230)
$4,372 - $6,010 a month
Provide technical support to computer support and applications programming staff to ensure availability of production systems....
View all California State University jobs in Fresno, CA - Fresno jobsSalary Search: Systems Analyst salaries in Fresno, CALearn more about working at California State UniversityCalifornia State University questions about work, benefits, interviews and hiring process:Why did you leave your job at California State University?What would you suggest California State University management do to prev...Related forums: California State University - Fresno, California
Provide desk side support (hardware/software support & training); Computer Client Field Analyst*. This includes limited support for any software titles on the...
View all Finezi Inc. jobs in Fresno, CA - Fresno jobsSalary Search: Customer Service Analyst salaries in Fresno, CARelated forums: Fresno, California - Finezi
$1,754 - $2,242 a month
Read, understand and interpret technical material; Agricultural Field Aides play a pivotal role in Fresno County's agriculture industry by performing a variety...
Strong technical writing experience required. Ensure accuracy and completeness of technical documentation. Write, edit, index, or revise a variety of technical,...
View all Valley Children's Healthcare jobs in Madera, CA - Madera jobsSalary Search: Technical Writer salaries in Madera, CALearn more about working at Valley Children's HealthcareValley Children's Healthcare questions about work, benefits, interviews and hiring process:Why did you leave your job at Valley Children's Healthcare?How do you feel about going to work each day?Related forums: Valley Children's Healthcare - Madera, California - Technical Writer
RHT is looking for a contractor to perform support functions for the department of internal services, IT Division (including radio, communication, network and...
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Technical Support salaries in Fresno, CA$13.40 per hourBased on 12 salariesMin$7.25Max$24.10Technical Support salaries by company in Fresno, CA

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