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President Barack Obama Talks to Bret Baier About Health Care Reform Bill | Fox News
BRET BAIER, "SPECIAL REPORT" HOST: Welcome to Washington. I'm Bret Baier, and this is a special edition of "Special Report", beginning tonight in the Blue Room in the White House, mid-way through what many people are calling the most pivotal week of his presidency so far. We are interviewing President Barack Obama.
OBAMA: Bret, let me finish. If they don't, if they vote against, then they're going to be voting against health care reform and they're going to be voting in favor of the status quo. So Washington gets very concerned about these procedural issues in Congress. This is always an issue that's — whether Republicans are in charge or Democrats in charge — when Republicans are in charge, Democrats constantly complain that the majority was not giving them an opportunity, et cetera.
If people don't believe in health care reform — and I think there are definitely a lot of people who are worried about whether or not these changes are, in some fashion, going to affect them adversely. And I think those are legitimate concerns on the substance — then somebody who votes for this bill, they're going to be judged at the polls. And the same is going to be true if they vote against it.
OBAMA: Well, here's what's taking place — we both know what's going on. You've got a Senate bill that was passed, that had provisions that needed to be changed. Right? People were concerned about, for example, the fix that only fixed Nebraska, and didn't fix the rest of the states.
OBAMA: I am certain that we've made sure, for example, that any burdens on states are alleviated, when it comes to what they're going to have to chip in to make sure that we're giving subsidies to small businesses, and subsidies to individuals, for example.
OBAMA: So that's not — that's not going to be something that is going to be in this final package. I think the same is true on all of these provisions. I'll give you some exceptions though.
Something that was called a special deal was for Louisiana. It was said that there were billions — millions of dollars going to Louisiana, this was a special deal. Well, in fact, that provision, which I think should remain in, said that if a state has been affected by a natural catastrophe, that has created a special health care emergency in that state, they should get help. Louisiana, obviously, went through Katrina, and they're still trying to deal with the enormous challenges that were faced because of that.
OBAMA: That also — I'm giving you an example of one that I consider important. It also affects Hawaii, which went through an earthquake. So that's not just a Louisiana provision. That is a provision that affects every state that is going through a natural catastrophe.
Now I have said that there are certain provisions, like this Nebraska one, that don't make sense. And they needed to be out. And we have removed those. So, at the end of the day, what people are going to be able to say is that this legislation is going to be providing help to small businesses and individuals, across the board, in an even handed way, and providing people relief from a status quo that's just not working.
OBAMA: Bret, the core of this bill is going to be affecting every American family. If you have insurance, you're going to be able to keep it. If you don't have insurance, you're going to be able to buy into a pool, like members of Congress have. We're going to make sure that we have delivery system reforms that strengthen Medicare, that are going to make sure that doctors and hospitals are providing better service and better care, and this is going to reduce the deficit.
Now, there are going to be in this, as I just mentioned, on things like making sure that states who have gone through natural catastrophes and medical emergencies are getting help, but those are not going to ones that are driven by politics, they're going to be driven policy.
OBAMA: Well, Bret, the — I think what we've seen during the course of this year is that we have come up with a bill that basically tracks the recommendations of Tom Daschle, former Democratic senator and leader, but also Bob Dole, former Republican leader, Howard Baker, former Republican leader. The ideas embodied in this legislation are not left, they're not right, they are — they are —
BAIER: I understand what you're — I know you don't like to talk about process, but there are a lot of questions in these 18,000 that talk about process.
OBAMA: I've got to tell — I've got to say to you, there are a lot more people who are concerned about the fact that they may be losing their house or going bankrupt because of health care.
BAIER: Deem and passed, Senate reconciliation and we don't know exactly what's in the fix bill. Do you still think —
OBAMA: No, we will — by the time the vote has taken place, not only I will know what's in it, you'll know what's in it because it's going to be posted and everybody's going to be able to able to evaluate it on the merits.
But here's the thing, Bret, I mean, the reason that I think this conversation ends up being a little frustrating is because the focus entirely is on Washington process. And yes, I have said that is an ugly process. It was ugly when Republicans were in charge, it was ugly were in Democrats were in charge.
OBAMA: And, Bret, let me tell you something, the fact of the matter is that for the vast majority of people, their health care is not going to change because right now they're getting a better deal. The only thing that is going to change for them is is that they're going to have more security under their insurance and they're going to have a better situation when it comes to if they lose their job, heaven forbid, or somebody gets sick with a preexisting condition, they'll have more security. But, so — so —
BAIER: — guarantee that they're not going to —
BAIER: — they're going to be able to keep their doctor —
OBAMA: Bret, you've got to let me finish my answers —
OBAMA: Well, I'm trying to answer your question and you keep on interrupting. So let me be clear.
Now, you keep on repeating the notion that it's one-sixth of the economy. Yes, it's one-sixth of the economy, but we're not transforming one-sixth of the economy all in one fell swoop. What we're saying is is that for the vast majority of people who have health care, they're going to be able to keep it. But what we are saying is that we should have some basic protections from insurance company abuses and that in order for us to do that, we are going to have to make some changes in the status quo that we've been debating for a year.
OBAMA: — the only thing I want to say, just to close up, is that when you talk about one-sixth of the economy, this is one-sixth of the economy that right now is a huge drag on the economy. Now, we can fix this in a way that is sensible, that is centrist. I have rejected a whole bunch of provisions that the left wanted that are — you know, they were very adamant about because I thought it would be too disruptive to the system. But what we can't do is perpetuate a system in which millions of people day in and day out are having an enormously tough time and small businesses are sending me letters constantly saying that they are seeing their premiums increase 40, 50 percent.
OBAMA: No — and what is absolutely true is that this will not solve our whole Medicare problem. We're still going to have to fix Medicare over the long term.
OBAMA: Absolutely, and that's the reason that we're going to have to — that's the reason I put forward a fiscal commission based on Republicans and Democratic proposals, to make sure that we have a long-term fix for the system. The key is that this proposal doesn't weaken Medicare, it makes it stronger for seniors currently who are receiving it. It doesn’t solve that big structural problem, Bret. Nobody's claiming that this piece of legislation is going to solve every problem that's been there for decades. What it does do is make sure that the trust fund is not going to be going bankrupt in seven years, according to their accounting rules —
BAIER: So you don't buy —
BAIER: — the CBO or the actuary that you can't have it both ways?
BAIER: That you can't spend the money twice?
OBAMA: — no, what is absolutely true and what I do agree with is that you can't say that you are saving on Medicare and then spend the money twice. What you can say is that we are going to take these savings, put them back to make sure that seniors are getting help on the prescription drug bill instead of that money going to, for example, insurance reform, and —
BAIER: We're getting the wrap-up sign here.
OBAMA: Well, I think that — look, I came in at a time when we probably had the toughest economic challenges since the Great Depression. A year later, we can say that, although we're still a long way from where we need to be, that we have made the economy stronger. It's now growing again. We have created a financial situation that is vastly better than it was before.
And so we're now in a situation in which the economy is growing, moving. We're reforming areas like education. We're taking steps on energy. We're doing a whole bunch of things out there that are going to create the foundation for long-term economic growth.
BAIER: So if it doesn't pass, does that diminish your presence?
OBAMA: Well, if it doesn't pass, I'm more concerned about what it does to families out there who right now are getting crushed by rising health care costs and small businesses who were having to make a decision, "Do I hire or do I fix health care?" That's the reason I make these decisions.
I think health care is exactly the same thing. We — I've got a whole bunch of portraits of presidents around here, starting with Teddy Roosevelt, who tried to do this and didn't get it done. The reason that it needs to be done is not its affect on the presidency. It has to do with how it's going to affect ordinary people who right now are desperately in need of help.

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Patent US7903559 - Apparatus and method for transmitting reverse packet data in mobile ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsA method for controlling a reply signal transmission in a mobile communication system. The method includes determining whether an error is detected in the received data through the radio channel, generating a reply signal according to the error detection, determining a repetition control signal with...http://www.google.com/patents/US7903559?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7903559 - Apparatus and method for transmitting reverse packet data in mobile communication systemAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS7903559 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 12/476,641Publication dateMar 8, 2011Priority dateJul 1, 2003Fee statusPaidAlso published asCA2528825A1, CA2528825C, CN1806400A, CN1806400B, DE202004021897U1, EP1639722A1, EP1639722A4, US7342882, US7593332, US20050002368, US20070230430, US20090245101, WO2005004352A1Publication number12476641, 476641, US 7903559 B2, US 7903559B2, US-B2-7903559, US7903559 B2, US7903559B2InventorsHwan-Joon Kwon, Dong-Hee Kim, Youn-Sun Kim, Jin-Kyu HanOriginal AssigneeSamsung Electronics Co., LtdExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (15), Classifications (28), Legal Events (1) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetApparatus and method for transmitting reverse packet data in mobile communication system
US 7903559 B2Abstract
A method for controlling a reply signal transmission in a mobile communication system. The method includes determining whether an error is detected in the received data through the radio channel, generating a reply signal according to the error detection, determining a repetition control signal with a value that differs according to a data transmission rate, repeatedly replicating the reply signal according to the repetition control signal, and transmitting the replicated reply signal through the radio channel.
1. A method for controlling a reply signal transmission by a reply signal transmitter including an error detector, a repeater, a repeater controller, and a transmitter, in a mobile communication system, the method comprising:
determining, by the error detector, whether an error is detected in received data through a radio channel;
generating a reply signal according to the error detection;
determining, by the repeater controller, a repetition control signal with a value that differs according to a data transmission rate;
repeatedly replicating, by the repeater, the reply signal according to the repetition control signal; and
transmitting, by the transmitter, the replicated reply signal through the radio channel.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the reply signal includes an ACKnowledgement/Non-ACKnowledgement (ACK/NACK) signal.
3. A method for controlling a reply signal transmission by a reply signal transmitter including an error detector, a transmission power controller, and a transmitter, in a mobile communication system, the method comprising:
controlling, by the transmission power controller, power for the reply signal with a power value that differs according to a data transmission rate; and
transmitting, by the transmitter, the reply signal, based on the controlled power.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the reply signal includes an ACKnowledgement/Non-ACKnowledgement (ACK/NACK) signal.
5. A method for controlling a reply signal reception by a reply signal receiver including a summer, a summer controller, and a determiner, in a mobile communication system, the method comprising;
receiving, by the reply signal receiver, a reply signal through a radio channel;
determining, by the summer controller, a symbol summation control signal for controlling summation based on a number of repetitions according to a transmission rate;
summing, by the summer, the received reply signal according to the symbol summation control signal; and
determining, by the determiner, whether a previously transmitted data has been accurately received, based on a result of the summing.
retransmitting the previously transmitted data, if the previously transmitted data has not been accurately received.
transmitting new data, if the previously transmitted data has been accurately received.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein the reply signal includes an ACKnowledgement/Non-ACKnowledgement (ACK/NACK) signal. Description
This application is a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/882,637 filed on Jul. 1, 2004 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,593,332, and claims priority to two applications filed in the Korean Intellectual Property Office on Jul. 1, 2003 and Jul. 7, 2003, and assigned Serial Nos. 2003-44408 and 2003-45886, respectively, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention relates to a mobile communication system, and more particularly to an apparatus and method for efficiently transmitting reverse packet data in a mobile communication system.
Conventionally, data transmission in a mobile communication system can be divided into a forward data transmission and a reverse data transmission. The forward data transmission is a data transmission from a base station to a mobile terminal, while the reverse data transmission is a data transmission from the mobile terminal to the base station. A data transmission form can be divided into categories supporting only voice service, supporting voice service and simple data service, supporting only high-speed data service, and simultaneously supporting multimedia service and voice service according to type of data transmitted from the mobile communication system. Mobile communication systems providing the data service described above are designed to process a large amount of information at a fast rate.
The mobile communication system for simultaneously processing the multimedia service and voice service supports the multimedia service using the same frequency band. Moreover, a plurality of users can simultaneously transmit data by means of code division multiple access (CDMA) in the mobile communication system. In this case, the users can be identified by unique numbers allocated thereto in the CDMA. In the CDMA, the reverse data transmission is performed through a packet data channel in units of a physical layer packet (RLP). The length of the packet is fixed according to the data transmission rate. The packet data transmission rate is variable for each packet. The transmission rate of each packet is controlled by the power of the mobile terminal, an amount of data to be transmitted, a power control bit, etc. The power control bit is control information transmitted through a forward rate control channel (F-RCCH) from the base station.
Furthermore, the mobile communication system can carry out retransmission in a physical layer to improve the reverse throughput. According to the retransmission in the physical layer, an acknowledgement/non-acknowledgement (ACK/NACK) signal is sent according to the presence of a packet error (e.g., cyclic redundancy check (CRC)) after the base station demodulates the received reverse data packet, and the mobile terminal receives the ACK/NACK signal to determine whether a previously transmitted packet must be retransmitted or a new packet must be transmitted. The physical layer's retransmission process is called hybrid auto repeat and request (HARQ). According to the retransmission process in the physical layer, the base station demodulates the received reverse data packet, and the ACK/NACK signal of the physical layer is sent according to a packet error or CRC. If the ACK signal has been received from the base station, the mobile terminal determines that the previously transmitted packet has been successfully received and transmits a new packet. Otherwise, if the NACK signal has been received from the base station, the mobile terminal determines that the transmitted packet has not been successfully received and retransmits the previous packet.
On the other hand, a method for controlling reply signal reception in the conventional mobile communication system will be described with reference to the flow chart shown in FIG. 1.
First, the reply signal receiver is in a standby state at step 101. Subsequently, the reply signal receiver determines, at step 102, whether or not the ACK signal has been received from a reply signal transmitter. If the ACK signal has been received, the reply signal receiver determines that a previously transmitted packet has been successfully received from the reply signal transmitter and transmits new packet data at step 103. However, if the ACK signal has not been received, the reply signal receiver determines, at step 104, whether or not the NACK signal has been received from the reply signal transmitter. If the NACK signal has been received, the reply signal receiver determines that the previously transmitted packet has not been successfully received by the reply signal transmitter, and retransmits the previously transmitted packet at step 105. If neither the ACK nor the NACK signal had been received, the process returns to the standby state of step 101.
A method for controlling reply signal transmission in the conventional mobile communication system will be described with reference to the flow chart shown in FIG. 2.
The reply signal transmitter is in a standby state at step 201. The reply signal transmitter determines, at step 202, whether or not the packet data has been received from the reply signal receiver. If the packet data has not been received, the reply signal transmitter proceeds to the above step 201 so that it can maintain the standby state before the packet data is received. However, if the packet data has been received, the reply signal transmitter demodulates the packet data at step 203. Subsequently, the reply signal transmitter determines, at step 204, whether or not an error is present in the received packet data. If an error is present in the packet data, the reply signal transmitter transmits the NACK signal to the reply signal receiver so that a packet data retransmission request is made at step 205. However, if no error is present in the packet data, the reply signal transmitter transmits the ACK signal to the reply signal receiver so that a new data transmission request is made at step 206.
Because an incurable error at the time of transmitting and receiving the ACK/NACK signal as described above is directly associated with throughput of the entire system, high reliability is required. The reliability depends upon the transmission power of an acknowledgement channel that transmits and receives an ACK/NACK signal. Assuming that the reply signal transmitter has successfully received the packet data and then has transmitted the ACK signal to the reply signal receiver, the reply signal receiver may erroneously determine that the NACK signal has been received due to an incurable error at the time of receiving the ACK signal. At this point, the reply signal receiver unnecessarily retransmits the packet already successfully received by the reply signal transmitter. Consequently, there is a waste of radio resources and a degradation of throughput may result.
Assuming that the reply signal transmitter has unsuccessfully received the packet data and then has transmitted the NACK signal for a retransmission request, the reply signal receiver may erroneously determine that the ACK signal has been received due to an incurable error at the time of receiving the NACK signal. At this point, although a transmission error has occurred on a radio link, the reply signal receiver will transmit the next packet to the reply signal transmitter. This causes link-layer retransmission or higher-layer retransmission such as transmission control protocol (TCP) retransmission. Consequently, throughput degradation may occur.
Limited resources used for the forward transmission include electric power of the base station. As the power of the base station increases, the amount of interference affecting an adjacent base station increases. For this reason, the power of the base station must be limited to an appropriate power value. However, a data transmission rate capable of being acquired by the power of the base station is limited. Thus, a forward design of the mobile communication system must be achieved so that the limitation can be overcome.
Interference is a factor limiting the reverse resources. Reverse transmission signals of mobile terminals cause interference with each other. Where a plurality of mobile terminals are coupled to one base station, one mobile terminal performs a transmission operation using a high power level so that a high data transmission rate can be acquired. The base station communicating with the mobile terminal will receive a signal at the high power level from the mobile terminal. The high power causes a large amount of interference to signals of other mobile terminals. If the plurality of mobile terminals simultaneously desire to transmit data at the high transmission rate, a total amount of reverse interference is very high and the probability that the signals of all mobile terminals can be successfully received is lowered. Thus, in order for the throughput of the mobile communication system to be maximized, the base station adjusts the total amount of reverse interference. The base station must efficiently manage data transmission rates of the mobile terminals.
FIG. 3 is a graph explaining the reason why the base station must efficiently adjust reverse transmission of the mobile terminals. A dotted line in FIG. 3 denotes target system load or target rise over thermal (RoT) of the base station. RoT is a ratio between the total power received from all the mobile terminals at the base station and the thermal noise power as one measure of the total reverse interference.
The reason why the base station must manage the target system load or target RoT is as follows. Conventionally, the mobile communication system supports power control so that the quality of a reverse or forward link is ensured. When the base station does not manage reverse system load or the total of received reverse power is below a specific value, the value of the reverse system load or the total of received reverse power may be great. In this case, the amount of interference may also be great. Therefore, signal to noise power ratio (SNRs) associated with the signals of all the mobile terminals are reduced. In this case, in order for communication quality of each link to be maintained, the mobile terminals continuously increase power output. As a vicious cycle causing an increase in the amount of interference is repeated, communication can be disabled. For example, when one mobile terminal associated with a data transmission rate uses high power to acquire a high data transmission rate, an amount of reverse interference due to the mobile terminal greatly increases and other mobile terminals increase power to maintain link quality. As the amount of interference increases, the vicious cycle is repeated. To avoid the above-described vicious cycle, the base station needs to efficiently control data transmission rates of all the mobile terminals so that the reverse load cannot exceed the target system load. Moreover, the base station needs to control all the mobile terminals so that the total of the received reverse signal power does not exceed the target RoT.
As shown in FIG. 3, the reverse interference can be divided into an inter-cell interference, a voice or circuit channel interference, a packet data channel interference, etc.
The inter-cell interference is an interference occurring due to signals received from the mobile terminals communicating with another base station. The amount of inter-cell interference varies with time. Moreover, the inter-cell interference is an interference from the mobile terminals communicating with another base station. The amount of inter-cell interference cannot be controlled or correctly predicted by a reference base station.
The voice or circuit channel interference is an interference caused by another voice channel or circuit-based channel. Because the voice or circuit channel is a channel allocated by the base station, the base station can predict a basic amount of interference. Typically, the voice or circuit channel has a higher priority than the packet data channel.
The packet data channel interference is an interference occurring from a packet data channel. The base station appropriately adjusts the amount of interference occurring from the packet data channel. After the base station subtracts an amount of inter-cell interference and an amount of voice or circuit channel interference from the overall system load or RoT, it allocates the remaining amount of power to the packet data channel. At this point, the base station appropriately adjusts the amount of interference occurring from the packet data channel and performs a control operation so that the entire system load or RoT does not exceed the entire target system load or target RoT.
The base station controls reverse packet data transmission of the mobile terminals, that is, reverse data transmission rates of the mobile terminals, on the basis of the target system load or target RoT, thereby adjusting the total amount of reverse interference.
In the conventional mobile communication system, the base station transmits a rate control bit (RCB) through a forward rate control channel (F-RCCH) so that the data transmission rates of the mobile terminals can be controlled. The RCB has “0”, “+1” or “−1”. When the RCB value is “+1”, the mobile terminal increments its own data transmission rate by one step. When the RCB value is “−1”, the mobile terminal decrements its own data transmission rate by one step in the next transmission interval. When the RCB value is “0”, the mobile terminal maintains its own data transmission rate in the next transmission interval.
In order for the mobile communication system to control the reverse data transmission rates of the mobile terminals, reliability of the RCB transmitted by the base station is equally set in all the mobile terminals irrespective of current data transmission rates of the mobile terminals. Accordingly, there are the following problems.
First, as an example, it is assumed that the RoT of 6 dB operates as the target RoT when the base station controls reverse transmission. This means that the base station performs a control operation so that a value of the entire reverse reception RoT does not exceed 6 dB when deciding a data transmission rate of the reverse packet data channel of each mobile terminal. Reverse RoT management is one of the important elements necessary for maintaining the entire reverse performance. In the case where the base station requests that the mobile terminals simultaneously increment data transmission rates, a scheduling operation of the base station determines whether or not the reverse RoT exceeds 6 dB, when incrementing the data transmission rates of the mobile terminals by one step according to their priorities. If it is determined that the reverse RoT does not exceed 6 dB even though the specific mobile terminal increments the data transmission rate by one step, the base station transmits the RCB so that the data transmission rate of the specific mobile terminal can be incremented by one step. Otherwise, if it is determined that the reverse RoT does exceed 6 dB when the specific mobile terminal increments the data transmission rate by one step, the base station transmits the RCB so that the specific mobile terminal can decrement its own data transmission rate by one step or continuously maintain the current data transmission rate. For example, it is assumed that the RoT measured at a specific time point is 2 dB. When a current data transmission rate of 9.6 kbps in the mobile terminal is incremented by one step, the incremented data transmission rate is 19.2 kbps. In this case, it is assumed that the data transmission rate is incremented by 9.6 kbps and a predicted RoT is 2.0+delta1 dB. On the other hand, when a current data transmission rate of 307.2 kbps in the mobile terminal is incremented by one step, the incremented data transmission rate is 614.4 kbps. In this case, it is assumed that the data transmission rate is incremented by 307.2 kbps and predicted RoT is 2.0+delta2 dB. Delta1 is approximately 32 times as large as delta2 as shown in the following Equation 1.
delta2=delta1*307.2 kbps/9.6 kbps (1)
It can be seen from the above Equation 1 that the target system RoT associated with the RCB is proportional to an increment value of the data transmission rate.
A case where an error is incurred in the RCB will be described. When the mobile terminal increments its own data transmission rate by one step by making an erroneous determination although the base station commands the mobile terminal to decrement the data transmission rate, unpredicted reverse interference occurs and can have a negative effect on the quality of a signal of a different mobile terminal. When the mobile terminal decrements its own data transmission rate by one step by making an erroneous determination although the base station commands the mobile terminal to increment the data transmission rate, reverse resources cannot be completely used.
In order that a determination can be made as to whether or not the effects of an erroneous RCB do not impact the data transmission rates of all the mobile terminals, the next example will be described. It is assumed that the number of mobile terminals trying to perform the reverse transmission to one base station is two at a specific time point. Here, one mobile terminal currently transmits data at a data transmission rate of 9.6 kbps, and the other mobile terminal currently transmits data at a data transmission rate of 307.2 kbps. When an error occurs in the RCB for incrementing the data transmission rate of 9.6 kbps by one step, an RoT error of 2*delta1 will occur. When an error occurs in the RCB for incrementing the data transmission rate of 307.2 kbps by one step, an RoT error of 32*2*delta1 will occur. Therefore, it can be seen that the amount of reverse interference caused by an error in the RCB is intimately associated with the data transmission rate of the mobile terminal.
As described above, an operation for managing the total amount of reverse interference in the base station plays a very important role in maintaining the reverse performance. The base station adjusts the data transmission rate of each mobile terminal through the RCB so that the total amount of interference can be efficiently managed. If the amount of reverse interference caused by an error in the RCB of the mobile terminal is ignored and the same RCB is set for all the mobile terminals, there is a problem in that power of the base station necessary for transmitting the RCB is inefficiently used and the reverse RoT cannot be managed at a desired level.
Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the above and other problems, and it is one object of the present invention to provide a method for efficiently transmitting reverse packet data.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for improving the reliability of an acknowledgement/non-acknowledgement (ACK/NACK) bit for reverse packet data transmission.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for efficiently allocating transmission power of an acknowledgement channel for reverse packet data transmission.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for controlling the reliability of a rate control bit (RCB) according to a data transmission rate of a mobile terminal for reverse packet data transmission.
It is another object of the present invention to efficiently transmit a rate control bit (RCB) from a base station according to a data transmission rate.
It is yet another object of the present invention to efficiently manage reverse system load or rise over thermal (RoT) according to a data transmission rate.
In accordance with an object of the present invention, a method for controlling a reply signal transmission in a mobile communication system is provided. The method includes determining whether an error is detected in received data through a radio channel, generating a reply signal according to the error detection, determining a repetition control signal with a value that differs according to a data transmission rate, repeatedly replicating the reply signal according to the repetition control signal, and transmitting the replicated reply signal through the radio channel.
In accordance with another object of the present invention, a method for controlling a reply signal transmission in a mobile communication system is provided. The method includes determining whether an error is detected in received data through a radio channel, generating a reply signal according to the error detection, controlling power for the reply signal with a power value that differs according to a data transmission rate, and transmitting the reply signal based on the controlled power through the radio channel.
In accordance with another object of the present invention, a method for controlling a reply signal reception in a mobile communication system is provided. The method includes receiving a reply signal through a radio channel, determining a symbol summation control signal for controlling a summation based on a number of repetition according to a transmission rate, summing the received reply signal according to the symbol summation control signal, receiving a result of the summation, and determining whether a previously transmitted data has been accurately received, based on the result of the summation.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating a method for controlling reply signal reception in a conventional mobile communication system;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating a method for controlling reply signal transmission in the conventional mobile communication system;
FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating reverse transmission causing the conventional reverse interference;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a reply signal transmitter in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating a method for controlling reply signal transmission in the mobile communication system in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating the reply signal transmitter in accordance with the second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating a reply signal receiver in accordance with the second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a flow chart illustrating a method for controlling reply signal transmission in the mobile communication system in accordance with the second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a flow chart illustrating a method for controlling reply signal reception in the mobile communication system in accordance with the second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating a rate control bit (RCB) transmitter in accordance with the third embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a flow chart illustrating a method for transmitting an RCB in accordance with the third embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating the RCB transmitter in accordance with the fourth embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a block diagram illustrating an RCB receiver in accordance with the fourth embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a flow chart illustrating a method for transmitting the RCB in accordance with the fourth embodiment of the present invention; and
FIG. 15 is a flow chart illustrating a method for receiving the RCB in accordance with the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
Now, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the annexed drawings. In the following description, a detailed description of known functions and configurations incorporated herein will be omitted when it may obscure the subject matter of the present invention.
The present invention provides technology for efficiently transmitting reverse packet data. For this, the present invention proposes technology for improving the reliability of an acknowledgement/non-acknowledgement (ACK/NACK) bit associated with reverse transmission data or controlling the reliability of a rate control bit (RCB) according to a data transmission rate of the mobile terminal.
1. Technology for Improving the Reliability of an ACK/NACK Bit Associated with Reverse Transmission Data
An apparatus for controlling a reply signal transmission and reception in a mobile communication system in accordance with the present invention is shown in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6.
The reply signal transmitter includes an error detection part 401, a spreading part 402, a transmission power control part 403 and an ACK/NACK transmission part 404 as shown in FIG. 4. The error detection part 401 receives packet data and detects an error of the packet data received through a radio channel. If no error is detected, the error detection part 401 generates and outputs an ACK bit. Otherwise, if an error is detected, the error detection part 401 generates and outputs an NACK bit. The spreading part 402 receives and spreads the ACK/NACK bit so that the ACK/NACK bit can be transmitted through the radio channel. The transmission power control part 403 performs a power control operation for the spread ACK/NACK bit on the basis of a power value corresponding to a data transmission rate of a packet data channel and outputs a result of the power control operation. The ACK/NACK transmission part 404 transmits the ACK/NACK bit output from the transmission power control part 403 through the radio channel.
Here, the transmission power control part 403 controls the transmission power of an acknowledgement channel according to a data transmission rate of the reverse packet data channel using the following Table 1.
Data rate of R-PDCH
transmission power (Ec/Ior)
−44 dB
−43 dB
−42 dB
−41 dB
−39 dB
−37 dB
In the above Table 1, the first column denotes a data transmission rate of the reverse packet data channel and the second column denotes power allocated to an acknowledgement channel by a base station. In the above Table 1, the transmission power of the base station is expressed as Ec/Ior. As a transmission rate of a specific channel with respect to the total transmission power of the base station increases, it can be seen that the transmission power of the acknowledgement channel allocated by the base station increases. For example, when the data transmission rate is 153.6 kbps, the transmission power of the acknowledgement channel is set to −40 dB so that the ACK/NACK bit can be transmitted to the reply signal receiver. Moreover, when the data transmission rate is 307.2 kbps, the transmission power of the acknowledgement channel is set to −39 dB so that the ACK/NACK bit can be transmitted to the reply signal receiver.
Therefore, the reliability of receiving the ACK/NACK bit can be improved by controlling the data transmission rate.
A method for controlling a reply signal transmission in the mobile communication system in accordance with the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the flow chart shown in FIG. 5.
First, the reply signal transmitter is in a standby state at step 501. The reply signal transmitter determines, at step 502, whether or not packet data has been received from the reply signal receiver. If no packet data has been received from the reply signal receiver, the reply signal transmitter maintains the standby state at the above step 501. Otherwise, if packet data has been received from the reply signal receiver, the reply signal transmitter determines, at step 503, whether or not an error has been detected. If no error has been detected, the reply signal transmitter generates and spreads an ACK bit so that the ACK bit can be transmitted through a radio channel at step 504. The reply signal transmitter performs a power control operation for the spread ACK bit with a power value that differs according to a data transmission rate of the packet data channel and outputs a result of the power control operation at step 505. Subsequently, the reply signal transmitter transmits the ACK bit to the reply signal receiver through the radio channel at step 506.
On the other hand, if an error has been detected in the packet data received at the above step 503, the reply signal transmitter generates and spreads an NACK bit so that the NACK bit can be transmitted through the radio channel at step 507. The reply signal transmitter performs a power control operation for the spread NACK bit with a power value that differs according to a data transmission rate of the packet data channel and outputs a result of the power control operation at step 508. Because the acknowledgement channel transmission power increases as the transmission rate of the reverse data channel increases, the reliability of receiving the ACK/NACK bit can be improved as shown in the above Table 1.
Subsequently, the reply signal transmitter transmits the NACK bit to the reply signal receiver through the radio channel at step 509.
The reply signal transmitter in accordance with the second embodiment of the present invention includes an error detection part 601, a symbol repetition part 602, a symbol repetition control part 603, a spreading part 604 and an ACK/NACK transmission part 605 as shown in FIG. 6.
The error detection part 601 receives the packet data through the radio channel and then detects if there is an error from the received packet data. If an error has been detected, the error detection part 601 generates and outputs the NACK bit. Otherwise, if no error has been detected, the error detection part 601 generates and outputs the ACK bit. The symbol repetition part 602 repeats the ACK/NACK bit according to a repetition control signal and outputs a result of the repetition. The symbol repetition control part 603 outputs a repetition control signal having a value that differs according to the data transmission rate of the packet data channel. The following Table 2 shows the number of repeats of the ACK/NACK bit to be transmitted through a forward acknowledgement channel according to the data transmission rate of the reverse packet data channel. In the following Table 2, the first column denotes the data transmission rate of the reverse packet data channel and the second column denotes the number of repeats of the ACK/NACK bit. For example, when the data transmission rate of the reverse data channel is 153.6 kbps, the number of repeats of the ACK/NACK bit is set to “5”. Moreover, when the data transmission rate of the reverse data channel is 307.2 kbps, the number of repeats of the ACK/NACK bit is set to “6”. As the transmission rate of the reverse data channel increases, it can be seen that the number of repeats of the ACK/NACK bit increases as shown in the following Table 2. Therefore, the reliability of receiving the ACK/NACK bit can be improved by controlling the transmission rate of the reverse data channel.
Number of repeats of
ACK/NACK bit
The ACK/NACK bit repeated by the symbol repetition part 602 is input into the spreading part 604. The spreading part 604 spreads the ACK/NACK bit repeated by the symbol repetition part 602 so that it can be transmitted through the radio channel, and outputs a result of the spreading. The ACK/NACK transmission part 605 transmits the ACK/NACK bit spread by the spreading part 604 through the radio channel.
The reply signal receiver in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention includes a despreading part 701, a symbol summation part 702, a symbol summation control part 703, an ACK/NACK determination part 704 and a packet transmission part 705 as shown in FIG. 7.
The despreading part 701 despreads the ACK/NACK bit received through the acknowledgement channel and outputs a result of the despreading. The symbol summation part 702 receives and sums an output of the despreading part 701 according to a symbol summation control signal. The symbol summation control part 703 outputs the symbol summation control signal so that a summation operation can be performed according to the predetermined number of repeats based on a transmission rate of packet data previously transmitted through the packet data channel. The ACK/NACK determination part 704 receives an output of the symbol spreading part 702 and determines whether or not the previously transmitted packet data has been appropriately received. If the ACK/NACK determination part 704 determines that the previous packet data has been appropriately received, the packet transmission part 705 transmits new packet data. Otherwise, if the ACK/NACK determination part 704 determines that the previous packet data has been inappropriately received, the packet transmission part 705 retransmits the previous packet data.
A method for controlling reply signal transmission in the mobile communication system in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the flow chart shown in FIG. 8.
First, the reply signal transmitter is in a standby state at step 801. The reply signal transmitter determines, at step 802, whether or not packet data has been received from the reply signal receiver. If no packet data has been received from the reply signal receiver, the reply signal transmitter maintains the standby state at the above step 801. Otherwise, if packet data has been received from the reply signal receiver, the reply signal transmitter determines, at step 803, whether or not an error has been detected. If no error has been detected, the reply signal transmitter generates an ACK bit and repeats the generated ACK bit at step 804. At this point, a repetition control signal having a value that differs according to the data transmission rate of the packet data channel is output.
Subsequently, the spreading part 604 spreads the repeated ACK bit and outputs a result of the spreading so that it can be transmitted through the radio channel at step 805. The reply signal transmitter transmits the spread ACK bit to the reply signal receiver through the radio channel at step 806 and maintains the standby state at the above step 801.
On the other hand, if an error has been detected in the packet data received by the reply signal receiver, the reply signal transmitter generates an NACK bit and repeats the generated NACK bit at step 807. At this point, a repetition control signal having a value that differs according to the data transmission rate of the packet data channel is output.
Subsequently, the spreading part 604 spreads the repeated NACK bit and outputs the spread NACK bit so that the NACK bit can be transmitted through the radio channel at step 808. The reply signal transmitter transmits the NACK bit to the reply signal receiver through the radio channel and maintains the standby state at the above step 801.
Accordingly, it can be seen that the number of repeats of the ACK/NACK bit to be transmitted through the acknowledgement channel serving as the channel for feeding back a signal indicating successful or unsuccessful reception of the packet data is controlled by a data transmission rate of the data channel.
A method for controlling reply signal reception in the mobile communication system in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the flow chart shown in FIG. 9.
First, the reply signal receiver is in a standby state at step 901. The reply signal receiver determines, at step 902, whether or not an ACK/NACK bit has been received from the reply signal transmitter. If no ACK/NACK bit has been received from the reply signal transmitter, the reply signal receiver continuously maintains the standby state at the above step 901. Otherwise, if the ACK/NACK bit has been received, the despreading part 701 despreads the ACK/NACK bit received through the acknowledgement channel and outputs the despread ACK/NACK bit at step 903. The symbol summation part 702 receives and sums an output of the despreading part 701 according to a symbol summation control signal at step 904. At this point, the symbol summation control part 703 outputs the symbol summation control signal so that the summation operation can be performed according to the predetermined number of repeats based on the transmission rate of packet data previously transmitted through the packet data channel. Subsequently, the reply signal receiver determines, at step 905, whether or not the reply signal bit is the ACK bit. If the reply signal bit is the ACK bit, the reply signal receiver determines that the previously transmitted packet data has been successfully received by the reply signal transmitter, and transmits new packet data at step 906. However, if the reply signal bit is not the ACK bit, the reply signal receiver determines, at step 907, whether or not the reply signal bit is the NACK bit. If the reply signal bit is the NACK bit, the reply signal receiver determines that the previously transmitted packet data has not been successfully received by the reply signal transmitter, and retransmits the previous packet data at step 908. If neither the ACK nor the NACK bit is received, the process returns to step 905.
In the process in which the reply signal receiver determines the ACK/NACK bit, the number of repeats of the ACK/NACK bit received through the acknowledgement channel is decided according to a previously transmitted packet transmission rate of a packet data channel and then the ACK/NACK bit is determined.
The present invention improves the reliability of the ACK/NACK bit by controlling transmission power of the acknowledgement channel through which the ACK/NACK bit is transmitted.
Furthermore, the present invention improves the reliability of the ACK/NACK bit by controlling the number of transmissions of the ACK/NACK bit.
2. Method for Controlling a Transmission Rate of Reverse Data
The present invention relates to a method for controlling the reliability of rate control bit (RCB) according to a data transmission rate of the mobile terminal when the base station transmits the RCB so that a transmission rate of the reverse data can be controlled in the mobile communication system.
First, the method for controlling the reliability of the RCB includes a method for controlling transmission power of a forward rate control channel through which the RCB is transmitted and a method for controlling the number of repeats of the RCB.
The reliability required by the RCB can be expressed by the following Equation 2.
R RCB,required =α�R current (2)
In the above Equation 2, α is a constant and Rcurrent is a current data transmission rate. It can be seen that the reliability required by the RCB, i.e., RRCB,required, is proportional to the data transmission rate.
As the method for controlling the reliability of the RCB according to a data transmission rate of the mobile terminal when the base station transmits the RCB, there is a method for controlling transmission power of a channel through which the RCB is transmitted. The transmission power of the channel through which the RCB is transmitted can be expressed as in the following Equation 3.
P FRCCH =β�R RCH,required (3)
In the above Equation 3, β is a constant and RRCH,required is the reliability required by the RCB. It can be seen that the transmission power of the channel through which the RCB is transmitted, i.e. PFRCCH, is proportional to the reliability required by the RCB.
As the method for controlling the reliability of the RCB according to a data transmission rate of the mobile terminal when the base station transmits the RCB, there is a method for controlling the number of repeats of the RCB. The number of repeats of the RCB can be expressed by the following Equation 4.
N RCB =γR RCH,required (4)
In the above Equation 4, γ is a constant and RRCH,required is the reliability required by the RCB. It can be seen that the number of repeats of the RCB, i.e. NRCB, is proportional to the reliability required by the RCB.
An apparatus and method for controlling the reliability of the RCB according to the data transmission rate of the mobile terminal when the base station transmits the RCB will be described. The base station is referred to as an RCB transmitter because it transmits the RCB and the mobile terminal is referred to as an RCB receiver because it receives the RCB.
The RCB transmitter in accordance with the third embodiment of the present invention as shown in FIG. 10 includes an RCB generation part 1001, a spreading part 1002, a transmission power control part 1003 and an RCB transmission part 1004. When a scheduler (not shown) within the RCB transmitter (i.e. base station) determines whether the RCB must be incremented, decremented or continuously maintained, the RCB generation part 1001 generates and outputs the RCB. The spreading part 1002 receives the RCB, spreads the received RCB and outputs the spread RCB. The transmission power control part 1003 performs a power control operation for the spread RCB with a power value differing according to a data transmission rate of the packet data channel, and outputs a result of the power control operation. The packet data transmission part 1004 transmits the RCB outputted from the transmission power control part 1003 through the radio channel.
A method for controlling RCB transmission in the mobile communication system in accordance with the third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the flow chart shown in FIG. 11.
First, the RCB transmitter is in a standby state at step 1101. The RCB transmitter determines, at step 1102, whether or not a point in time for transmitting the RCB has been reached. If a point in time for transmitting the RCB has not been reached, the RCB transmitter maintains the standby state at the above step 1101. However, if a point in time for transmitting the RCB has been reached, the RCB transmitter performs the following operation. The RCB generation part 1001 generates and outputs the RCB according to a data transmission rate determined under control of the scheduler (not shown) at step 1103. The spreading part 1002 spreads the generated RCB to output the spread RCB so that the RCB can be transmitted through the radio channel at step 1104. The transmission power control part 1003 performs a power control operation for the spread RCB with a power value that differs according to a data transmission rate of the packet data channel and outputs a result of the power control operation at step 1105. The RCB transmission part 1004 transmits the RCB to the RCB receiver at step 1106. Thus, the above-described data transmission rate control method can improve the reliability of transmitting the RCB.
The RCB transmitter in accordance with the fourth embodiment of the present invention as shown in FIG. 12 includes an RCB generation part 1201, a symbol repetition part 1202, a symbol repetition control part 1203, a spreading part 1204, and an RCB transmission part 1205.
When a scheduler (not shown) within the RCB transmitter (i.e. base station) determines whether the RCB must be incremented, decremented or continuously maintained, the RCB generation part 1201 generates and outputs the RCB according to a result of the determination. The symbol repetition part 1202 repeats the RCB according to a repetition control signal and then outputs the repeated RCB. The symbol repetition control part 1203 outputs the repetition control signal having a value that differs according to the data transmission rate of the packet data channel. Here, the symbol repetition control part 1203 decides the number of repeats according to the data transmission rate. Subsequently, the RCB repeated by the symbol repetition part 1202 is input into the spreading part 1204. In order for the RCB repeated by the symbol repetition part 1202 to be transmitted through the radio channel, the spreading part 1204 spreads the repeated RCB to output the spread RCB. The RCB transmission part 1205 transmits the RCB spread by the spreading part 1204 through the radio channel.
The RCB receiver in accordance with the fourth embodiment of the present invention as shown in FIG. 13 includes a despreading part 1301, a symbol summation part 1302, a symbol summation control part 1303, a determination part 1304 and a packet data transmission part 1305.
The despreading part 1301 receives the RCB through a transmission rate control channel, despreads the received RCB and outputs the despread RCB. The symbol summation part 1302 receives an output of the despreading part 1301, performs a summation operation for the output of the despreading part 1301 and outputs a result of the summation operation, according to a symbol summation control signal. At this point, the symbol summation control part 1303 outputs the symbol summation control signal so that the summation operation can be performed by the number of repeats predetermined according to a transmission rate of packet data previously transmitted through the packet data channel. The determination part 1304 receives an output of the symbol summation part 1302 and then determines whether the previously transmitted RCB is “0”, “1” or “−1”. Moreover, the determination part 1304 controls the data transmission rate according to a value of the previously transmitted RCB. The packet data transmission part 1305 transmits the packet data to the RCB transmitter according to a result of the determination by the determination part 1304.
A method for transmitting the RCB in the mobile communication system in accordance with the fourth embodiment of the present will be described with reference to the flow chart shown in FIG. 14.
First, the RCB transmitter is in a standby state at step 1401. The RCB transmitter determines whether or not a point in time for transmitting the RCB has been reached at step 1402. If a point in time for transmitting the RCB has not been reached, the RCB transmitter maintains the standby state at the above step 1401. However, if a point in time for transmitting the RCB has been reached, the RCB transmitter performs the following operation. The RCB generation part 1201 generates an RCB based on the data transmission rate under control of the scheduler (not shown) and outputs the generated RCB at step 1403. The symbol repetition control part 1203 outputs the repetition control signal having a value differing according to a data transmission rate of the reverse packet data channel at step 1404. The symbol repetition part 1202 performs a symbol repetition operation according to the repetition control signal output from the symbol repetition control part 1203 and then outputs a result of the symbol repetition operation at step 1405. The spreading part 1204 spreads the RCB to output the spread RCB so that the RCB can be transmitted through the radio channel at step 1406. The RCB transmission part 1205 transmits the RCB spread by the spreading part 1204 to the RCB receiver at step 1407.
Thus, the above-described data transmission rate control method can improve the reliability of the RCB.
A method for receiving the RCB in the mobile communication system in accordance with the fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the flow chart shown in FIG. 15.
First, the RCB receiver is in the standby state at step 1501. The RCB receiver determines whether or not the RCB has been received from the RCB transmitter at step 1502. If no RCB has been received from the RCB transmitter, the RCB receiver continuously maintains the standby state at the above step 1501. However, if the RCB has been received from the RCB transmitter, the RCB receiver performs the following operation. The despreading part 1301 despreads the RCB received through the transmission rate control channel and outputs a result of the despreading at step 1503. Subsequently, the symbol summation control part 1303 outputs a symbol summation control signal so that a summation operation based on the predetermined number of repeats can be controlled according to a transmission rate of the packet data previously transmitted through the packet data channel at step 1504. The symbol summation part 1302 receives an output of the despreading part 1301, performs a symbol summation operation for the output of the despreading part according to the symbol summation control signal, and outputs a result of the symbol summation operation at step 1505. Subsequently, the determination part 1304 determines, at step 1506, whether or not the received RCB is “0”. If the received RCB is “0”, the packet data transmission part 1305 maintains a data transmission rate of the previous transmission interval in the next transmission interval at step 1507. However, if the previously transmitted RCB is not “0”, the determination part 1304 determines, at step 1508, whether or not the previously transmitted RCB is “+1”. If the previously transmitted RCB is “+1”, the packet data transmission part 1305 increments a data transmission rate in the next transmission interval by one step at step 1509. However, if the previously transmitted RCB is not “+1”, the determination part 1304 determines, at step 1510, whether or not the previously transmitted RCB is “−1”. If the previously transmitted RCB is “−1”, the packet data transmission part 1305 decrements the data transmission rate in the next transmission interval by one step at step 1511. Therefore, the RCB receiver transmits the packet data at the data transmission rate according to a result of the determination by the determination part 1304. If the RCB is neither “0”, “+1”, nor “−1” the process returns to step 1506.
The above-described data transmission rate control method can improve the reliability of receiving the RCB.
When transmitting the RCB, the base station can efficiently allocate resources by controlling the reliability of the RCB to be received by the mobile terminal according to a current data transmission rate in accordance with the present invention.
Moreover, the base station can more efficiently manage reverse system load or rise over thermal (RoT) by controlling the reliability of the RCB to be received by the mobile terminal according to the current data transmission rate.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications, additions and substitutions are possible, without departing from the scope of the invention.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS4888767Jul 7, 1988Dec 19, 1989Nec CorporationRepeat request signal transmission method for multi-station packet communicationUS5487068Jul 29, 1994Jan 23, 1996Motorola, Inc.Method for providing error correction using selective automatic repeat requests in a packet-switched communication systemUS6219343Jul 29, 1997Apr 17, 2001Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.Rate control techniques for efficient high speed data servicesUS6567388Mar 5, 1999May 20, 2003Qualcomm, IncorporatedMethod and apparatus for efficient data retransmission in a voice-over-data communication systemUS7327716 *Mar 5, 2004Feb 5, 2008Nortel Networks LimitedReverse link enhancement for CDMA 2000 Release DUS20020141349 *Feb 11, 2002Oct 3, 2002Kim Ki JunControlling data transmission rate on the reverse link for each mobile station in a dedicated mannerUS20020145985Feb 6, 2002Oct 10, 2002Love Robert T.Method and apparatus for receiving data in a wireless communications systemUS20020154610Feb 15, 2001Oct 24, 2002Tiedemann Edward G.Reverse link channel architecture for a wireless communication systemUS20020183064May 8, 2001Dec 5, 2002Nandu GopalakrishnanMethod to control uplink transmissions in a wireless communication systemUS20040240424Mar 5, 2004Dec 2, 2004Mo-Han FongReverse link enhancement for CDMA 2000 release DUS20050176435Jan 3, 2003Aug 11, 2005Denis FauconnierMethod for controlling communication channels and base station and terminal thereforEP1193881A2Sep 27, 2001Apr 3, 2002Sony CorporationAutomatic retransmission ARQ for turbo-coded dataJP2001217159A Title not availableJP2005510118A Title not availableWO2003043218A1Oct 2, 2002May 22, 2003Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.Radio communication system* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification370/232, 370/342, 455/522, 370/253, 370/465, 370/328International ClassificationH04W52/10, H04W52/16, H04W4/00, H04W28/04, H04B7/216, H04L1/18, H04J1/16, H04L1/08, H04J3/14, H04L1/00Cooperative ClassificationH04L1/08, H04W52/286, H04W52/325, H04L1/0009, H04W52/26, H04L1/1858European ClassificationH04L1/00A5, H04W52/28P, H04L1/18R9, H04L1/08, H04W52/32C, H04W52/26Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionAug 27, 2014FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services

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Tony Sorrentino, ScanSource Inc: Profile & Biography - Bloomberg
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Breakthrough (Multimedia Kit): A Multimedia Kit for Professional Development by Michael Fullan | 9781412971546 | Other Format | Barnes & Noble
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Former Home Secretary Alan Johnson, 68, misses boat | Daily Mail Online
Former Home Secretary Alan Johnson, 68, misses the boat when the MP's luxury Baltic cruise ship left without him in Sweden
Published: 18:46 EDT, 9 August 2018 | Updated: 20:46 EDT, 9 August 2018
Ex-Home Secretary Alan Johnson, 68, has missed an even bigger boat, Cunard's Queen Elizabeth
Now former Home Secretary Alan Johnson, 68, has missed an even bigger boat, Cunard's Queen Elizabeth cruise ship.
The ex Labour MP was holidaying on board the luxury ocean liner on a 14-day Baltic Cruise and was booked as the celebrity speaker to entertain his 2,092 fellow travellers.
En route back to Britain, the ship docked for a few hours on Wednesday in Gothenberg, where the Labour grandee alighted for some sightseeing with his wife, Carolyn Burgess.
Unfortunately when he returned to the Swedish port he was aghast to see the ship sailing into the distance — without him.
He had to fly back to the UK in a T-shirt and a pair of shorts at his own expense.
'Watching that boat sail away from Gothenberg was the most depressing moment in my life,' he told me from his home after arriving back in Britain yesterday.
'Usually the ship sails at about 5:30pm but this time it was 4 o'clock. We should have known. It was our fault and then we got lost in Gothenberg — the shuttle bus had gone. We were both distraught.
The famous Queen Elizabeth cruise ship of Cunard Line on July 30, 2014 in Dubrovnik, Croatia
Labour big beast Alan Johnson condemns Corbyn's 'crazy... Reviving plans for ID cards would prevent repeat of Windrush...
'My wife is entitled to not be speaking to me for quite a fair amount of time, particularly because her make-up was on board, our money, all our clothes. We just had what we stood in. All I had was a debit card.
'But Cunard were nice enough to leave our passports with the Port Authority after fetching them from the cabin.'
His absence meant his fellow travellers missed out on the second of his speaking engagements on Thursday. On Monday 800 people heard him talk about his memoirs.
When he returned to the Swedish port at Gotherberg he was aghast to see the ship sailing into the distance
So has the ship sailed for Johnson's lucrative cruise-liner gigs? 'I think they'll know we were punished for it,' says Johnson.
'I can assure you it wasn't an attempt to claim asylum in the European Union before Brexit.'
His predicament caused much amusement on board. 'Clearly, like so many Labour MPs, he thought he could walk on water,' joked a fellow traveller.
'On this occasion he couldn't.' Every cloud, as they say . . .
Stage and screen star Juliet Stevenson criticised social media last year, lamenting: 'The selfie world means endlessly participating in narcissism and materialism. They don't look out but in.' How odd then that the 61-year-old actress has now joined Instagram.
Financial sleuths probe bankrupt property tycoon
It might seem that things couldn't get any worse for Birmingham-born property tycoon Kevin Cash, who, as I disclosed, was declared bankrupt last month, after which he placed North Aston Hall, his magnificent Oxfordshire mansion, on the market for £28 million.
This week saw the Official Receivers replaced by FRP Advisory, the firm which investigated Sir Philip Green's old company BHS after it went into liquidation.
'We have nominated Paul Atkinson and Paul Allen of FRP to be formally appointed as Joint Trustees in place of the Official Receivers,' explains Ian Baker, of City litigation specialists PGB Gitlin Baker. 'Their job is to investigate and root out any hiding of assets or what are known as avoidance dispositions.'
Trustees in bankruptcy have their fees agreed by the creditors, though those fees typically depend on how much they recover. 'They only eat when they kill,' says an observer. Time will tell if Cash — previously worth an estimated £500 million — proves to be easy meat.
Actress Hayley Atwell is half-American, but what will Tinseltown make of her accusation that U.S. stars are bigger divas than Brits?
The Avengers star says: 'There's no excuse for bad behaviour and I've seen glimpses of it and, I hate to say it, more with Americans than English. The English have a bit of a reverence for the work and less for ourselves. The drama school training is about the discipline of the craft rather than the need for one's own status or celebrity.' Ouch!
Boris Johnson is a former winner of the sought-after Politician Of The Year gong at the glitzy GQ Men Of The Year awards. But could the accolade be axed? A Conde Nast insider says: 'GQ editor Dylan Jones seriously looked at dropping the category at next month's event. Very few politicians have exactly covered themselves in glory this past year.' What a Remoaner!

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Beijing Wok Chinese Fast Food - Corona, CA | Groupon
Beijing Wok Chinese Fast Food
Ready to switch it up? Treat your taste buds to Beijing Wok Chinese Fast Food's twists on Chinese favorites in Corona.
Get ready to experience the perfect blend of sweet and spicy when you try the delicious Chinese fare at Beijing Wok Chinese Fast Food.
Groupon has verified that the customer actually visited Beijing Wok Chinese Fast Food.

value: This website is an American global e-commerce marketplace connecting subscribers with local merchants by offering activities, travel, goods and services in 15 countries. Based in Chicago, Groupon was launched there in November 2008, launching soon after in Boston, New York City and Toronto.


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The Healthy Christian Life: The Minirth-Meier Clinic Bible Study Series by Minirth, Frank B.; Meier, Richard; Meier, Paul: Baker Books 9780801062322 Paperback - AbeBooks.com
Home Minirth, Frank B.; Meier, Richard; Meier, Paul The Healthy Christian Life: The Minirth-Meier Clinic Bible Study...
The Healthy Christian Life: The Minirth-Meier Clinic Bible Study Series
Minirth, Frank B.; Meier, Richard; Meier, Paul
Published by Baker Books, 1988
ISBN 10: 0801062322 / ISBN 13: 9780801062322
Synopsis: This book of sixty-two Bible studies presents a comprehensive and healthy approach to Christian living.
Title: The Healthy Christian Life: The ...
1. The Healthy Christian Life: The Minirth-Meier Clinic Bible Study Series
Frank B. Minirth, Richard Meier, Paul Meier
ISBN 10: 0801062322 ISBN 13: 9780801062322
Book Description Baker Books. Paperback. Book Condition: VERY GOOD. Very Good copy, cover and pages show some wear from reading and storage. Binding may have light creases. Lots of life left in these pages. Bookseller Inventory # 2717374092
2. The Healthy Christian Life: The Minirth-Meier Clinic Bible Study Series
Book Description Baker Books. Paperback. Book Condition: GOOD. Good clean copy with no missing pages might be an ex library copy; Possibly may have minor marginal notes and or highlighting. Bookseller Inventory # 2717882904
3. The Healthy Christian Life: The Minirth-Meier Clinic Bible Study Series
Book Description Baker Books. Paperback. Book Condition: GOOD. book was well loved but cared for. Possible ex-library copy with all the usual markings and stickers. Some light textual notes, highlighting and underling. Bookseller Inventory # 2765535931
4. The Healthy Christian Life
Paul Meier; Don Hawkins; Richard Meier; Frank Minirth
Book Description Baker Books. Paperback. Book Condition: Fair. Bookseller Inventory # G0801062322I5N00
5. The Healthy Christian Life
Book Description Baker Books. Paperback. Book Condition: Good. Book has some visible wear on the binding, cover, pages. Bookseller Inventory # G0801062322I3N00
6. The Healthy Christian Life: The Minirth-Meier Clinic Bible Study Series
7. The Healthy Christian Life: The Minirth-Meier Clinic Bible Study Series
8. The Healthy Christian Life: The Minirth-Meier Clinic Bible Study Series
Book Description Baker Books. Paperback. Book Condition: Good. Book shows minor use. Cover and Binding have minimal wear, and the pages have only minimal creases. Bookseller Inventory # G0801062322I3N00
9. The Healthy Christian Life: The Minirth-Meier Clinic Bible Study Series
Book Description Baker Books. Paperback. Book Condition: Very Good. Nice condition with minor indications of previous handling. Bookseller Inventory # G0801062322I4N00
10. The Healthy Christian Life
Book Description Baker Books. Paperback. Book Condition: Very Good. Book has appearance of only minimal use. All pages are undamaged with no significant creases or tears. Bookseller Inventory # G0801062322I4N00

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Spontaneous regression of intracerebral lymphoma. [Radiology. 1983] - PubMed - NCBI
Display Settings:AbstractFormatSummarySummary (text)AbstractAbstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListApplySend to:Choose DestinationFileClipboardCollectionsE-mailOrderMy BibliographyCitation managerFormatSummary (text)Abstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListCSVCreate File1 selected item: 6359262FormatSummarySummary (text)AbstractAbstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListMeSH and Other DataE-mailSubjectAdditional textE-mail"SPAM" filtering software noticeAdd to ClipboardAdd to CollectionsOrder articlesAdd to My BibliographyGenerate a file for use with external citation management software.Create File
See comment in PubMed Commons belowRadiology. 1983 Dec;149(3):721-4.Spontaneous regression of intracerebral lymphoma.Weingarten KL, Zimmerman RD, Leeds NE.AbstractTransient spontaneous regression of lesions was identified in four patients with intracerebral lymphoma. This finding, which may be related to cyclic changes in biological tumor activity as well as infarction and/or hemorrhage within the neoplasm, is not a good prognostic sign. Furthermore, when initial neuroradiologic studies suggest a diagnosis of lymphoma, subsequent spontaneous resolution of lesions should not be mistaken for a reliable sign of a benign, self-limiting disease. The diagnosis of this malignant neoplasm, despite regression of lesions, should be aggressively pursued early in the patient's clinical course when therapy would be most beneficial.PMID: 6359262 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] SharePublication Types, MeSH TermsPublication TypesCase ReportsMeSH TermsAgedBrain Neoplasms/radiography*FemaleHumansLymphoma/radiography*Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/radiographyLymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/radiographyMaleMiddle AgedNeoplasm Regression, Spontaneous*PrognosisTomography, X-Ray ComputedLinkOut - more resourcesFull Text SourcesAtypon - PDFMedicalBrain Cancer - MedlinePlus Health InformationLymphoma - MedlinePlus Health InformationPubMed Commons home

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Words containing competibili | Words that contain competibili
Words containing competibili | Words that contain competibili http://www.thefreedictionary.com/words-containing-competibiliPrinter Friendly
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Words containing competibili
Found 1 words containing competibili. Browse our Scrabble Word Finder, Words With Friends cheat dictionary, and WordHub word solver to find words that contain competibili. Or use our Unscramble word solver to find your best possible play!
15 letter words containing competibiliSee also15 letter words containing competibiliincompetibilitySee also:2-letter words with ZWords that end in qWords that start with jWords that start with uWords with the letter xWords with the letter zWords containing competibiWords containing competibili

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The company was unable to find a buyer for the retail business and will begin winding down its operations beginning this week, the company said in statement released Monday ... Shopko�said it continues to evaluate options for its optical business. The company had hoped to spin off the business into standalone locations as part of its reorganization.�....
“We evaluated the different options and came to the conclusion that for our business by installing scrubbers we will secure greater availability of fuel for our vessels and by so limit our exposure to not finding the right fuel around the world and by that stay flexible in our trading ... ....
Super blossom. Poppy-palooza. Poppy apocalypse ... Plus, the visitors have brought appreciated patronage to local businesses, he said ... St ... Staff members had to shop around local businesses to stock up for the week ... And that was true even for business on weekdays, he said. The city is now re-evaluating how best to handle all the super bloom sightseers ... ....
We are seeing the benefits of this business opportunity that establishes a deep and lasting ... Management also uses Adjusted EBITDA to establish internal budgets and goals, and evaluate performance of its business units and management, and evaluate potential acquisitions....
Super blossom. Poppy-palooza. Poppy apocalypse ... Plus, the visitors have brought appreciated patronage to local businesses, he said ... (EDITORS ... Staff members had to shop around local businesses to stock up for the week ... And that was true even for business on weekdays, he said ... The city is now re-evaluating how best to handle all the super bloom sightseers....
TYSONS CORNER, Va.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Mar 18, 2019--® Incorporated (Nasdaq ... The 2019 Value Index for Embedded Analytics and Business Intelligence identifies companies that deliver the highest value based on an overall weighted evaluation determined by a comprehensive examination of fifteen vendors’ products across seven evaluation categories....
TAUG ) (“Tauriga” or the “Company”), engaged in building its business through the development, ... ( TAUG ) is engaged in building business through the development, distribution, and licensing of proprietary products as well as the evaluation of potential acquisition opportunities....
Shopko announced Monday that despite the company’s best efforts, it was unable to find a buyer to keep the business open, ... Further, the company is evaluating strategic options for its optical business....
... -- Shopko ("the Company") today announced that despite the Company's best efforts, it was unable to find a buyer for its go-forward business as a going concern ... Further, the Company is evaluating strategic options for its optical business....
Josephine was encouraged to start this business by her family and friends who she says saw the prospects of what she regarded as a hobby ... Evaluating her business growth so far, the young entrepreneur says that the business has been good enough as she does home delivery in addition to the fruit juice business....
Police say six charges were laid against the business owner after a number of complaints ... During a council meeting March 11, a motion was unanimously approved to prepare a report re-evaluating how business licences are issued in areas of the city’s commercial district where there are also residential properties....
GREEN BAY, Wis. — Shopko today announced that it will begin closing its stores. In a press release Shopko said, “Despite the company’s best efforts, it was unable to find a buyer for its go-forward business as a going concern ... Further, the company is evaluating strategic options for its optical business.” ... Ainsworth. Albion. Alliance ... ....

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Cheap Flights to Vilu Reef, Maldives $300.80 in 2018 | Expedia
Flights to Vilu Reef, Maldives $300.80
Things to Do in Vilu Reef
Car Rentals in Vilu Reef
Vilu Reef Vacation Packages
Vilu Reef, current page
How Much Does It Cost To Fly To Vilu Reef?
The cheapest tickets to Vilu Reef available within the past 7 days were $300.80. Prices quoted are per person, round trip, for the period specified. Prices and availability are subject to change. Additional terms apply.
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You've found you have a serious urge to journey to a new place, but you need to go beyond the standard road trip. You need to extend your reach beyond the next town over. You want to take to the clear blue skies, and come to rest in a new town. We're here to serve travelers of all types, with a huge selection of flights to Vilu Reef! When your next trip is coming up, count on Expedia.com. Thanks to our discounted flights, you'll have funds left over for all of Vilu Reef's terrific stores, nightlife, and eateries.
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Christopher Curtis Hussey (1840-1884) - Find A Grave Memorial
Christopher Curtis Hussey
1 Mar 1884 (aged 43)
Section: 20 Lot: 27 Grave: 9
91429724 · View Source
Rebecca Updegraff Hussey
Harriet Augusta Byram Hussey
Anna M. Hussey Binns*
James Updegraff Hussey*
Emma Hussey Alsop*
Mabel G Hussey Turnbull*
Curtis Grubb Hussey*
William Byram Hussey*
THERE REMAINETH A REST, FOR THE PEOPLE OF GOD
Find A Grave Memorial 91429724
Find A Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com : accessed ), memorial page for Christopher Curtis Hussey (23 Oct 1840–1 Mar 1884), Find A Grave Memorial no. 91429724, citing Allegheny Cemetery, Pittsburgh, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, USA ; Maintained by Bill Daugherty (contributor 47160704) .
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BOULDER, Colo., Aug. 22, 2017 /PRNewswire/ -- Front Range Biosciences ("FRB"), a leading agricultural biotech company that specializes in tissue culture propagation of high value crops, is pleased to announce the appointment of Dr. Cecilia Zapata as the Director of Tissue Culture Production effective immediately.
Dr. Zapata brings to FRB more than 30 years of experience in tissue culture, plant transformation, and plant production, including creating and implementing programs for tissue culture cloning and clean stock programs to ensure only the highest quality material is produced. Before joining FRB, Dr. Zapata served as laboratory manager for Ball Horticultural, a world leader in plant development and distribution. Prior to Ball Horticultural, Dr. Zapata acted as laboratory manager for Driscoll's, the world's leading supplier of berries, where she led the tissue culture laboratory and designed and implemented clean stock programs in China and Mexico.
FRB focuses specifically on tissue culture propagation in cannabis plants, in an effort to improve cultivation practices in the industry. Through FRB's technology, cannabis cultivators are able to better prevent against common growing issues such as disease, inefficiency, inconsistency, and scale.
"We are extremely excited to have found a Director with the level of knowledge, expertise, and experience as Dr. Zapata," said Jon Vaught, CEO of FRB. "Dr. Zapata brings to the cannabis industry three decades of industrial-scale tissue culture experience across hundreds of varietals and has built large teams delivering millions of clones. She is the perfect complement to FRB's growth plan."
Dr. Zapata received her Ph.D. in Plant Physiology from Texas A&M University and her Agronomist Engineer degree from University of Viçosa in Brazil.
FRB is an agricultural biotech company that specializes in tissue culture propagation of high value crops at industrial scale to improve efficiency and reduce disease for clone production. FRB also has an advanced breeding program for identifying and improving commercially relevant traits. FRB is located in Lafayette, Colorado.

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Tom Hiddleston insists romance with Taylor Swift won't negatively affect his career | Daily Mail Online
'It comes down to being authentic': Tom Hiddleston insists his romance with Taylor Swift won't negatively affect his career
Published: 13:12 EST, 24 July 2016 | Updated: 02:16 EST, 25 July 2016
Tom Hiddleston has insisted his relationship with Taylor Swift will have no affect on his acting career.
The Night Manager star and the Shake It Off singer have been inseparable since they went public with their romance last month, just a few weeks after she split from Calvin Harris.
But Hiddleston insists the newfound attention his personal life has received isn't a problem as he knows he's being 'authentic' and true to himself.
Monster hunter: Tom Hiddleston insisted his romance with Taylor Swift won't negatively affect his career as she appeared at Comic Con on Saturday
Hot: Delighting his fans with an array of waves and salutes was heartthrob Tom
Asked if the focus on his personal life bothers him at Comic Con on Saturday, he toldPeople magazine: 'I don't know, it comes down to being authentic.
It was just announced that Tom's six-part TV series The Night Manager has earned 12 Emmy award nominations, which the actor is 'thrilled' about.
No personal questions: The Night Manager star answered lots of questions about his film
He said: 'I'm so proud of 'The Night Manager' and the work everybody did in it and to see it nominated for 12 [Emmys].
The 35-year-old actor is currently busy shooting Thor: Ragnarok in Australia and is having a great time returning to his role of Loki.
Posing up a storm: Hiddleston posed up a storm with co-star Brie Larson
He said: 'It's amazing to be back, amazing.
'I've only shot for about a week but it's so much fun, because I haven't played the character for three and a half years and the script is brilliant, [director] Taika Waititi is brilliant. I've shot a couple of scenes and it's just the best fun. It is like seeing an old friend again.'
The British actor was at the fan event to promote his upcoming film Kong: Skull Island, scheduled for release in March 2017, and posed up a storm with co-star Brie Larson.
Life's a joke! Tom looked happy and relaxed on Sunday when he was dropped off at the Four Seasons by Taylor Swift's chauffeur
Tom Hiddleston insists romance with Taylor Swift won't negatively affect his career