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Palestinian groups that have been involved in politically motivated violence include the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO), Fatah, the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command (PFLP-GC), the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine, the Abu Nidal Organization, the Palestinian Islamic Jihad, and Hamas.[7] The PLO officially renounced terrorism in 1988, and Fatah says it no longer engages in terrorism. The PFLP-GC has been internationally inactive.[8] The Abu Nidal organization all but dissolved on his death and exists only in name.[9][10][11]
Tactics have included hostage taking, plane hijackings, stone throwing, stabbing, shootings, and bombings.[12] Several of these groups are considered terrorist organizations by the United States government,[13] Canada[14] and the European Union.[15]
Palestinian political violence has targeted Israelis, Palestinians, Lebanese, Jordanians,[16] Egyptians,[17] Americans[18] and citizens of other countries.[19] The attacks have taken place within and outside Israel and have been directed at both military and civilian targets. Israeli statistics state that 3,500 Israelis[19][20] have been killed and 25,000 have been wounded as a result of Palestinian violence since the establishment of the state of Israel in 1948. These figures include soldiers as well as civilians, including those killed in exchanges of gunfire.[21][22] Israeli statistics listing 'hostile terrorist attacks' also include incidents in which stones are thrown. Suicide bombings constituted just 0.5% of Palestinian attacks against Israelis in the first two years of the Al Aqsa Intifada, though this percentage accounted for half of the Israelis killed in that period.[23]
In protest against the Balfour Declaration, which proposed Palestine as a homeland for the Jewish people, and its implementation under a League of Nations Mandate for Great Britain, Palestinians, both Muslim and Christian, from November 1918 onwards, began to organize in opposition to Zionism. By the end of Ottoman rule, the Jewish population of Palestine was 56,000[26] or one-sixth of the population.[27] Hostility to immigration led to incidents, such as the riots of April 1920, the Jaffa riots of 1921, the 1929 Palestine riots, until a general Arab revolt broke out for three years, in 1936–1939, which was crushed, with the loss of 5,000 lives, by the British army. After the passing of the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine in 1947 which called for the establishment of independent Arab and Jewish States, a Palestinian Civil War broke out. On the declaration of the state of Israel, 15 May 1948, a full-scale war, involving also the intervention of neighbouring Arab states, took place, with casualties of 6,000 Israelis and, according to the 1958 survey by Arif al-Arif, 13,000 Palestinians[28] and the exodus, through expulsion, or panicked flight, of approximately 700,000 Arab Palestinians who subsequently became refugees.[29] In the Six Day War, a further 280,000–360,000 Palestinians became refugees, and the remaining Palestinian territories were also occupied from Jordan and from Egypt, and later began to be settled by Jewish and Israeli settlers, while the Palestinians were placed under military administration. While historically, Palestinian militancy was fragmented into several groups, the PLO led, and eventually united, most factions, while conducting military campaigns that varied from airplane hijackings, militant operations and civil protest. In 1987, a mass revolt, of predominantly civil resistance, called the First Intifada, exploded, leading to the Madrid Conference of 1991, and subsequently to the Oslo I Accord, which produced an interim understanding allowing a new Palestinian authority, the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) to exercise limited autonomy in 3% (later 17%) of the West Bank, and parts of the Gaza Strip not used or earmarked for Israeli settlement. Frustration over the perceived failure of the peace talks to yield a Palestinian state[citation needed] led to the outbreak of the Al Aqsa Intifada in September 2000, which ended in 2005, coincident with the Israeli withdrawal from Gaza. The rise of Hamas, the use of Palestinian rocketry and Israel's control of Gaza's borders, has led to further chronic violence, culminating in a further two conflicts, the Gaza War of 2008–09 and Operation Pillar of Defense in 2012. It is estimated that since 1920, when the first riots against Jews broke out, 90,785 Arabs including Palestinians have died, and some 67,602 been wounded in all wars and conflicts between Israel and its neighbors. On the other hand, 24,841 Jews and Israelis have died and 35,356 have been wounded during the same period.[30] Since 1967, some reports estimate that some 40% of the male population of the West Bank and Gaza have been arrested or detained in Israeli prisons for political or military reasons.[31]
Throughout the period 1949–56 the Egyptian government opposed the movement of refugees from the Gaza strip into Israel, but following the IDF's Gaza Raid on February 28, 1955 the Egyptian authorities facilitated militant infiltration but still continued to oppose civilian infiltration.[33] At first, Palestinians were trying to go back to their houses or to retrieve property[citation needed] but after 1950 these acts became much more violent and included killings of civilians in nearby cities.[citation needed]
The Palestine Liberation Organization was founded in 1964. At its first convention in Cairo, hundreds of Palestinians met to, "call for the right of self-determination and the upholding of the rights of the Palestinian nation."[42] In order to achieve these goals, a Palestinian army of liberation was thought to be essential; thus, the Palestinian Liberation Army (PLA) was established with the support of the Arab states.[42] Fatah, a Palestinian group founded in the late 1950s to organize the armed resistance against Israel, and headed by Yasser Arafat, soon rose to prominence within the PLO. The PLO charter called for, "an end to the State of Israel, a return of Palestinians to their homeland, and the establishment of a single democratic state throughout Palestine."[43] The 1967 war convinced many Palestinians that only they could liberate their homeland. The military superiority of Israel led Palestinian fighters to employ guerrilla tactics from bases in Jordan and Lebanon.[43]
In the wake of the Six-Day War, confrontations between Palestinian guerrillas in Jordan and government forces became a major problem within the kingdom. By early 1970, at least seven Palestinian guerrilla organizations were active in Jordan, one of the most important being the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) led by George Habash. Based in the Jordanian refugee camps, the fedayeen developed a virtual state within a state, receiving funds and arms from both the Arab states and Eastern Europe and openly flouting the law of the country. The guerrillas initially focused on attacking Israel, but by late 1968, the main fedayeen activities in Jordan appeared to shift to attempts to overthrow the Jordanian monarchy.[16]
In the aftermath of Black September in Jordan, many Palestinians arrived in Lebanon, among them Yasser Arafat and the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO). In the early 1970s their presence exacerbated an already tense situation in Lebanon, and in 1975 the Lebanese Civil War broke out. Beginning with street fighting in Beirut between Christian Phalangists and Palestinian militiamen, the war quickly deteriorated into a conflict between two loosely defined factions: the side wishing to preserve the status quo, consisting primarily of Maronite militias, and the side seeking change, which included a variety of militias from leftist organizations and guerrillas from rejectionist Palestinian (nonmainstream PLO) organizations. The Lebanese civil war lasted until 1990 and resulted in an estimated 130,000 to 250,000 civilian fatalities and one million wounded.[44]
After Black September, the PLO and its offshoots waged an international campaign against the Israeli state. Notable events were the Munich Olympics massacre (1972), the hijacking of several civilian airliners (some were thwarted, see for example: Entebbe Operation), the Savoy Hotel attack, the Zion Square explosive refrigerator and the Coastal Road massacre. During the 1970s and the early 1980s, Israel suffered attacks from PLO bases in Lebanon, such as the Avivim school bus massacre in 1970, the Maalot massacre in 1974 (where Palestinian militants massacred 21 school children) and the attack led by Samir Kuntar in 1979, and. In 1979 Ziad Abu Ein led a terrorist bombing that killed two Israeli 16-year-olds and left 36 other youths wounded during the Lag BaOmer cerebration in Tiberias.[45][46] Following the 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon, called "Operation Peace for Galilee" by the IDF, and the exile of the PLO to Tunis, Israel had a relatively quiet decade.[citation needed]
The years between the intifadas were marked by intense diplomatic activity between Israel and Palestinians as well as the creation of the Palestinian National Authority. In this period, suicide bombings of Israeli buses and crowded spaces as a regular tactic, particularly by Hamas and Islamic Jihad.[citation needed] Attacks during this period include the Beit Lid massacre, a double-suicide bombing at a crowded junction that killed 21 people,[53] and the Dizengoff Center massacre, a suicide bombing outside a Tel Aviv shopping mall that killed 13 people.
As a youngster, Yasir Arafat led neighborhood children in marching and drills, beating those who did not obey. In the 1940s, Arafat's father organized a group of militants in Gaza which included Yasir Arafat and his brothers. The leader, Abu Khalid, a mathematics teacher in Gaza, gave Arafat the name Yasir in honor of the militant Yasir al-Bireh.[90]
Main articles: Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel § United Nations and Human shield § Israeli-Palestinian conflict
The plot for Passover massacre included the use of Cyanide. 4 kilos of Cyanide had been bought and prepared for a chemical attack.[119][citation needed]
Israeli news reports have stated that chemical weapons, and missiles with chemical warheads from Libya have been transferred to Palestinians in Gaza,[citation needed] with some allegedly transferred via Sudan, although Sudanese officials have denied the accusations.[126]
The United States[130] and European Union[131] have designated the Abu Nidal Organisation, Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades, Hamas, Islamic Jihad, Palestine Liberation Front, the PFLP and PFLP-GC as terrorist organisations. A United States Congress decision from 1987 also described the PLO as a terrorist organization[132]
The military wing of Hamas is also designated as a terrorist organization by Israel,[133] Canada,[134][135] Germany,[136] Japan,[137] Jordan,[138] the United Kingdom[139] and Australia.[140]
A report by the Jerusalem Media and Communication Center, a Palestinian organization, showing trends based on polls conducted since 1997, indicated that Palestinian support for military operations against Israeli targets stood at 34–40 percent in 1997–1999, climbed to 65–85 percent in 2000–2004, and dropped back to 41 percent at the end of 2004. "Military operations" were defined as including shootings, car bombs and mortar rocket attacks, but not suicide bombings.[147] A 2005 poll by the center indicated that 53 percent of Palestinians supported "the continuation of [the] Al-Aqsa Intifada, 50 percent supported "suicide bombings against Israeli civilians", and 36 percent supported "the resumption of military operations against Israeli targets".[148]
600[155]
714[156]
^ Khaled Abu Toameh (July 22, 2009). "'Fatah has never recognized Israel'". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 2009-03-09. ^ McGreal, Chris (January 12, 2006). "Hamas drops call for destruction of Israel from manifesto". The Guardian (London). Retrieved 2012-05-09. ^ "Palestine National Charter". 1968. Retrieved 2012-05-09. ^ Holly Fletcher (April 10, 2008). "Palestinian Islamic Jihad". Council on Foreign Relations. Retrieved 2012-05-09. ^ Michael Scheuer,Through Our Enemies' Eyes, Potomac Books, p.65:'Today, most of these groups have either ceased to exist, are internationally inactive, or have meandered into a geriatric limbo where neither their bark nor their bite is a particularly large worry.'
^ "Which Came First – Terrorism or "Occupation"? Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs". Mfa.gov.il. Retrieved 2014-05-15. ^ Terrorism deaths in Israel – 1920–1999[dead link]
^ a b Avishai Margalit,“The Suicide Bombers,' at New York Review of Books, January 16, 2003. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Margalit" defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
^ Harrison, Mark (2006). "Bombers and Bystanders in Suicide Attacks in Israel, 2000 to 2003" (PDF). Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 29 (2): 187–206. doi:10.1080/10576100500496998. ^ Victims of Palestinian Terror since Sept 2000. Mfa.gov.il. Retrieved on 2010-09-29.
^ Philps, Alan (October 13, 2000). "A day of rage, revenge and bloodshed". The Daily Telegraph (London). Retrieved February 7, 2009. ^ "Coverage of Oct 12 Lynch in Ramallah by Italian TV Station RAI". Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs. October 17, 2000. Retrieved February 7, 2009. ^ "Lynch mob's brutal attack". BBC News. October 13, 2000. Retrieved 2012-05-09. ^ Whitaker, Raymond (October 14, 2000). "A strange voice said: I just killed your husband". The Independent (London). Retrieved October 16, 2009. ^ Death toll rises in Egypt blasts BBC News
^ Max Fisher. "Yes, Gaza militants hide rockets in schools, but Israel doesn't have to bomb them". Vox. Retrieved April 25, 2015. ^ "Hamas DID use schools and hospitals in Gaza Strip as 'human shields'". Mail Online. Retrieved April 25, 2015. ^ Karla J. Cunningham (2005). William J. Crotty, ed. Democratic development & political terrorism: the global perspective (Illustrated ed.). UPNE. p. 76. ISBN 978-1-55553-625-1. ^ Gilmore, Inigo (2002-01-31). "Woman suicide bomber in quest for vengeance". The Daily Telegraph (London). Retrieved 2012-05-08. ^ Wafa Idris ... injured by rubber bullets. ... powerful incentives for her to avenge her people." Archived March 14, 2008 at the Wayback Machine
^ "Al-Aqsa Brigades: Chemical warfare if Israel invades Gaza, Fatah’s armed wing says it has developed biological, chemical weapons. ‘We say to Olmert, Peretz: Your threats of invasion do not frighten us. We will surprise you with new weapons you have not faced until now,’ Al-Aqsa Brigades says". Ynetnews.com. 1995-06-20. Retrieved 2014-05-15. ^ [5][dead link]
^ "Martyrs Brigades claim to fire chemical warhead". The Sydney Morning Herald (Fairfax Media). 29 June 2006. Retrieved May 27, 2012. ^ "Chem warfare claimed in showdown at Gaza". Wnd.com. 2006-06-28. Retrieved 2013-04-25. ^ "Gaza militants say fired chemical-tipped warhead". Los Angeles Independent Media Center. Reuters. 29 June 2006. Retrieved May 27, 2012. ^ "Sudan denies smuggling of chemical weapons from Libya to Hamas and Hezbollah through its territories". English.sudansafari.net. 2011-04-05. Retrieved 2013-04-25. ^ "Palestinians killed by Palestinians in the Occupied Territories, 29.9.2000 – 31.3.2012". B'Tselem. Retrieved 2012-05-09. ^ "Violence among the Palestinians". By Erika Waak. Humanist. Jan–Feb 2003.
^ "Proscribed terror groups or organsiations" (PDF). Home Office. 2011-07-11. Retrieved 2012-05-09. ^ Listing of Terrorist Organisations, Australian Government Attorney-General's Department, January 27, 2006. Retrieved July 31, 2006.
^ "NGO to sue PA at ICC". Ynetnews.com. 1995-06-20. Retrieved 2014-05-15. ^ a b c Abusada, Mkhaimar S (June 22, 1998). "Palestinian party affiliation and political attitudes toward the peace process". Arab Studies Quarterly (ASQ). ^ Public Opinion Poll # 2, PSR – Survey Research Unit
^ a b "Ultraconservative jihadists challenge Hamas rule in Gaza". Haaretz. Associated Press. February 13, 2010. Retrieved 2010-02-14. ^ "Israel kills key Palestinian leader". BBC News. August 27, 2001. Retrieved May 22, 2010. ^ Marmari, Hanoch (June 6, 2002). "Digging beneath the surface in the Middle East conflict". Haaretz. Retrieved May 22, 2010. ^ Peter Cave (August 28, 2001). "Israel assassinates Abu Ali Mustafa". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved May 22, 2010. ^ "Violence on Gaza border continues | Maan News Agency". Maannews.net. Retrieved 2013-04-25. ^ Fatah Constitution (1964) Archived August 18, 2010 at the Wayback Machine
Den Boer, Monica; de Wilde, Jaap (2008). The Viability of Human Security. Amsterdam University Press. ISBN 90-5356-796-8. Crotty, William J. (2005). Democratic development & political terrorism: the global perspective. UPNE. ISBN 1-55553-625-5. De Waal, Alexander (2004). Islamism and its enemies in the Horn of Africa. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. ISBN 1-85065-730-0. de Waart, P. J. I. M. (1994). Dynamics of self-determination in Palestine: protection of peoples as a human right. BRILL. p. 223. ISBN 90-04-09825-9. Gordon, Neve (2008-10-02). Israel's occupation. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-25531-3. Kapitan, Tomis (1997). Philosophical perspectives on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict (Illustrated ed.). M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 1-56324-878-6. Laquer, Walter (2003). The History of Zionism. Tauris Parke Paperbacks. ISBN 1-86064-932-7. Maoz, Zeev (2009). Defending the Holy Land: A Critical Analysis of Israel's Security & Foreign Policy (Illustrated ed.). University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-472-03341-7. Milton-Edwards, Beverley (2008). The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: A People's War (Illustrated ed.). Taylor & Francis. ISBN 0-415-41043-6. Morris, Benny (1997). Israel's Border Wars, 1949–1956: Arab Infiltration, Israeli Retaliation and the Countdown to the Suez War. Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-829262-7. Schulz, Helena Lindholm (1999). The reconstruction of Palestinian nationalism: between revolution and statehood: New approaches to conflict analysis (Illustrated ed.). Manchester University Press ND. ISBN 0-7190-5596-2. Victoroff, Jeffrey Ivan; NATO Public Diplomacy Division (2006). Tangled roots: social and psychological factors in the genesis of terrorism (Illustrated ed.). IOS Press. ISBN 1-58603-670-X. External links[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palestinian_political_violence&oldid=701958416"	Categories: Israeli–Palestinian conflictPolitical violence in the Palestinian territoriesPalestinian terrorismTerrorism in IsraelTerrorism in Mandatory PalestineHidden categories: Pages with reference errorsAll articles with dead external linksArticles with dead external links from May 2014Pages with duplicate reference namesArticles containing Russian-language textArticles containing Hebrew-language textCS1 errors: invisible charactersArticles with dead external links from April 2013Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pagesUse mdy dates from October 2012Wikipedia articles in need of updating from January 2016All Wikipedia articles in need of updatingAll articles with unsourced statementsArticles with unsourced statements from May 2014Articles with unsourced statements from April 2011Articles with unsourced statements from April 2013Articles with unsourced statements from September 2009Articles with unsourced statements from May 2012Articles with unsourced statements from February 2010Articles with unsourced statements from June 2008	Navigation menu
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Words that end in alyon | Words ending in alyon
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9780263747874: Darker Side of Desire - AbeBooks - Penny Jordan: 0263747875
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BBC Radio 4 - You and Yours, 28/09/2009 - QR code The BBC has updated its cookie policy. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. This includes cookies from third party social media websites if you visit a page which contains embedded content from social media. Such third party cookies may track your use of the BBC website. We and our partners also use cookies to ensure we show you advertising that is relevant to you. If you continue without changing your settings, we'll assume that you are happy to receive all cookies on the BBC website. However, you can change your cookie settings at any time. Continue Change settings Find out more ]]> Accessibility links Skip to content Accessibility Help BBC iD Notifications
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Dan Froomkin - The Bush Who Cried Wolf
Wednesday, September 24, 2008; 12:43 PM
The public is certainly not sold.
Matthew Benjamin writes for Bloomberg: "Americans oppose government rescues of ailing financial companies by a decisive margin, and blame Wall Street and President George W. Bush for the credit crisis.
"By a margin of 55 percent to 31 percent, Americans say it's not the government's responsibility to bail out private companies with taxpayer dollars, even if their collapse could damage the economy, according to the latest Bloomberg/Los Angeles Times poll."
Doyle McManus writes in the Los Angeles Times that the Times/Bloomberg poll initially appears to conflict with a poll released Tuesday by the Pew Research Center for the People and the Press. That poll found that 57 percent of respondents think the government is doing the right thing by intervening to stabilize the economy.
But, as McManus explains: "The contrast between the Times/Bloomberg poll and the Pew survey probably reflects the different wording of their questions.
"The Times/Bloomberg poll asked respondents whether they believed it was 'the government's responsibility to bail out private companies with taxpayers' dollars.' A majority said no.
"The Pew poll, by contrast, asked respondents if 'investing billions to try to keep financial institutions and markets secure' was the right thing to do. A majority said yes."
Dan Balz and Jon Cohen write in The Washington Post that, based on the results of a Washington Post/ABC News poll, "voters are cool toward the administration's initial efforts to deal with the current crisis. Forty-seven percent said they approve of the steps taken by the Treasury and the Federal Reserve to stabilize the financial markets, while 42 percent said they disapprove."

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Not that she's all that concerned, understandably, with others' thoughts about whether she can add to the trophies she clutched at Wimbledon in 2011 and 2014 .
"I don't see it like that," Kvitova said in an email to The Associated Press.
"I am just happy to be back on the court and that's it," she said. "I will be focusing on myself and not thinking any further than my first match."
As for how things have changed for her, Kvitova said Saturday at Wimbledon: "I am little bit different on the court — and off the court, too. I think I see life and tennis from (a) little bit different angle than before. I think that before, I was very nervous before every match. Now I (see) that I shouldn't be. There's more important things in the life that should be more important than just tennis."
"There was definitely doubt in my mind that I would ever be able to play again, because that's what some of the doctors were saying," Kvitova said. "But the more I heard people doubting if I could come back, the more it motivated me. I wanted to prove people wrong and I love challenges, so I think that's what kept me going through the recovery process."
In her comeback's second tournament, last week on grass at Birmingham, Kvitova earned the title. And she noticed a tendency to be more aggressive during points.
"I'm not sure if it is the result of what happened," Kvitova said Saturday, "but maybe I feel a bit fearless, I think, because of what happened."
After winning Birmingham, she pulled out of a tuneup tournament at Eastbourne, citing an abdominal injury. That didn't stop British bookmakers from considering her among the likeliest to win Wimbledon: William Hill, for example, listed Kvitova as the favorite.
"I'm surprised at how well I'm playing, for sure," Kvitova said. "It's (a) very nice surprise. ... I wasn't sure if I would have the strength in my grip to hit as hard as before, but I showed in Birmingham that my serve is there and so is my forehand. Hopefully it will keep getting better as my fingers get stronger."
Serena Williams is sitting out the rest of the season while pregnant, and Maria Sharapova is skipping Wimbledon because of an injured left thigh, so there are only two champions in the field: Kvitova and Williams' sister, five-time winner Venus.
Chris Evert, an 18-time major champion, thinks Kvitova could emerge from what's considered a wide-open draw.
"Seeing that there are not too many, if any, grass-court specialists in the tournament, she is the one that I think everybody has to look out for," said Evert, who will call matches for ESPN. "I think that was such a scare that she went through, it's made her just appreciate the game a lot more. She's certainly more relaxed."
More pleasing: The way she's been welcomed back.
Victoria Azarenka, a two-time Australian Open champion, said Saturday at the All England Club: "I can't understand what she went through, on the emotional level. I think she's such a warrior to be able to just act normal, feel normal in public. I think it's such a scary thing that happened to her. The way she recovered from it, it's really inspiring."

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Do or Die for Huntsman in New Hampshire? | Fox News
Do or Die for Huntsman in New Hampshire?
GRETA VAN SUSTEREN, FOX NEWS HOST: Seventy-two days here in New Hampshire, 170 campaign events. Governor Jon Huntsman is said by many to be putting it all on the line in the nation's first primary. Now, the polls open in just over 90 minutes, and the results will be critical to his future. And we spoke with Governor Huntsman a short time ago.
JON HUNTSMAN, GOP PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE: Greta, it's a pleasure to be with you. Thank you.
VAN SUSTEREN: I see you brought some friends.
HUNTSMAN: Even a goat outside!
VAN SUSTEREN: Even a goat.
HUNTSMAN: In case you didn't see it.
VAN SUSTEREN: Actually, I did see the goat. I got my picture taken with the goat. I do ....
HUNTSMAN: I actually got the goat's endorsement. That took a lot of work, just like getting the endorsement of all the people here in New Hampshire. It's hard work.
VAN SUSTEREN: So you -- I saw you on Sunday. You came out of the gate quite firing mad, I thought, at the debate. Am I wrong?
HUNTSMAN: Well, you know...
VAN SUSTEREN: You're tougher.
HUNTSMAN: You speak from your heart and soul, and that's what people want to hear. You've got to be honest and sincere in terms of the way you want this country to go. We love this country. You want to see a better tomorrow. What we're ready to hand down to the next generation is totally unacceptable. Suffer from an economic deficit that's eating us alive. And we have a trust deficit in this country. The people no longer trust their institutions of power, and we must do something about that.
VAN SUSTEREN: Am I wrong that you were more fired up on Sunday?
HUNTSMAN: Listen, the closer you get to election day, the more fired up you get. We've been planting our flags in all 10 counties in this state. We've done 170 town hall meetings and house parties. We have worked it at the grass roots level like nobody else.
So the closer you get to election day, Greta, I got to say, the more fired up you get because you believe in your message and you believe that as you approach the finish line, you might actually surprise a whole lot of people.
VAN SUSTEREN: Now, I know you want to win. Everybody wants to win. If I went to the Olympics, I'd want the gold medal, but I'd be profoundly happy with a silver or bronze. I'm curious, in terms of you, what do you consider a win besides first place? Second or -- third place ever be a win for you?
HUNTSMAN: Well, let's just say we have to beat market expectations. You're going to set the market expectations for me. And as we rise in the polls over the next few hours, your expectations are going to get higher and higher.
We've got to clear that hurdle that you set for us. And if I can clear that hurdle come tomorrow night, I'm going to walk out of this state -- in fact, I'm going to move with a head of steam out of this state a very happy man because that means that we will have established that point of electability.
VAN SUSTEREN: Is there anything that stops you dead here tomorrow and doesn't have you going on?
HUNTSMAN: Well, obviously, a poor finish. But we're not going to have a poor finish. We've worked it too hard. We've been too honest and sincere with the voters of New Hampshire. We've picked up a head of steam already. I mean, I feel the energy on the ground out there. It's very real and it's very palpable.
VAN SUSTEREN: All right (INAUDIBLE) compare you to the guy who's leading the polls, and Governor Romney right now is leading the polls here. Today, you seized upon the fact that he said something about firing people. You seized upon that!
HUNTSMAN: Well, if you're talking about your enjoyment in firing people, if you're talking about pink slips during a time when we need to be talking about jobs and expanded economic opportunity for people, that would seem to be problematic. But just look at the political dimension. When you're up against the Chicago political machine that's going to have a billion dollars to spend on goofy statements like that -- give me a break. That's going to make electing a Republican very difficult.
VAN SUSTEREN: What is the biggest difference -- if someone says -- lines you up next to Governor Romney -- you're both former governors -- what is the biggest difference between the two of you if someone's trying to decide whether to vote for you or Governor Romney?
HUNTSMAN: One word, trust. I have a core that doesn't change. I have been the same from start to finish. People might not always agree with what I've done, but I have a consistent conservative record. I speak from my heart. I do what I think is right for this country and I'm not going to bury it. And I think that trust, the issue of trust is going to be a central theme in this election cycle.
VAN SUSTEREN: You think he's not trustworthy?
HUNTSMAN: I don't think he's made the case to the American people.
VAN SUSTEREN: But do you think he's not trustworthy?
HUNTSMAN: He hasn't made the case to the American people.
VAN SUSTEREN: Has he made it to you?
HUNTSMAN: Not convincingly. He's a good father. He's a good family man. I respect him. He's a decent person. But has not made -- he has not made an effective case for -- for trust in his campaign.
VAN SUSTEREN: One of the big problems affecting us right now is Iran, and there's a big question of exactly where they are in nuclear weapons development. And we always have problems getting good intelligence. We've had intelligence failures before. How would you know or what would you change about our intelligence gathering so that we have the right information so the right decisions can be made? Is there anything you'd do differently than we're doing right now or prior administrations?
HUNTSMAN: I would take out the DNI. I think the DNI as a structure is an overall holding company for our intelligence gathering and analytical capabilities, is terribly bureaucratic, is weighted down with red tape. I want to get back to the days where we had a central intelligence agency. We've got too many players. We're not sharing enough. And I believe when you're confused at the gathering level, much less the analytical level, that you're not going to get the kind of good information you need to make critically important decisions, where we send our men and women into harm's way.
That's something the president has to do, and I want to make sure when I have to make those decisions that we have absolutely the best tactical intelligence, analyzed intelligence and analytical basis on which to make those decisions.
VAN SUSTEREN: So is it fun to look out and see all these fans?
HUNTSMAN: I can't even believe it.
HUNTSMAN: I can't even believe it, Greta! you know, we came in here the very first time many months ago...
SUPPORTERS: Huntsman! Huntsman! Huntsman!
HUNTSMAN: ... and we have -- (INAUDIBLE) and now this. It's incredible. It's absolutely incredible!
VAN SUSTEREN: Abraham Lincoln once spoke here.
HUNTSMAN: I'm inspired. I feel his presence every time I'm in this building.
VAN SUSTEREN: Governor, thank you, and good luck tomorrow, sir. Thank you.
HUNTSMAN: Nice to see you. Thank you.


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Moonstone Rudraksha Mala 108 Beads with Pearl Pendant Guru Bead | eBay Skip to main contenteBayShop by categoryEnter your search keywordAll CategoriesAdvanced or register':' style="margin-right:3px">Hi -User-!'.replace(/-User-/,escape(a)))+"")}catch(b){document.write("")}})();Hi (Sign in to bid or buy)Daily DealsGift CardsSellHelp & ContactMy eBayExpand My eBaySummaryBids/OffersWatch listWish listAll listsPurchase historySellingMy CollectionsFollowed searchesMessagesNotification Back to home page
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dolce gabbana in Hats | eBay
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Patent US5467106 - Retractable face-up LCD monitor with off-monitor power supply and back-EMF ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA retractable LCD monitor for use in aircraft and the like is supplied with power from a power supply that is secured in a fixed off-monitor location on the monitor's housing. The power supply also provides power for a motor assembly that controls a pivoting of the monitor between open and retracted...http://www.google.com/patents/US5467106?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5467106 - Retractable face-up LCD monitor with off-monitor power supply and back-EMF brakingAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS5467106 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 08/194,559Publication dateNov 14, 1995Filing dateFeb 10, 1994Priority dateFeb 10, 1994Fee statusLapsedPublication number08194559, 194559, US 5467106 A, US 5467106A, US-A-5467106, US5467106 A, US5467106AInventorsAndreas H. SalomonOriginal AssigneeHughes-Avicom International, Inc.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (4), Referenced by (73), Classifications (18), Legal Events (5) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetRetractable face-up LCD monitor with off-monitor power supply and back-EMF brakingUS 5467106 AAbstract A retractable LCD monitor for use in aircraft and the like is supplied with power from a power supply that is secured in a fixed off-monitor location on the monitor's housing. The power supply also provides power for a motor assembly that controls a pivoting of the monitor between open and retracted positions. This configuration allows for a compact monitor assembly that can be stowed screen up within a restricted space housing, thus protecting the display from damage by passengers and presenting a pleasing appearance, while still pivoting the monitor by more than 90 monitor to the open position remains coupled to the monitor pivot mechanism during the retraction cycle, providing a back-emf that resists a spring force used to retract the monitor, and thereby cushion its retraction.
I claim: 1. A retractable liquid crystal display (LCD), comprising:a housing having an exterior wall with an opening for an LCD monitor, an LCD monitor pivotally mounted to said housing for pivoting through an arc exceeding 90 extends out from the housing, and a retracted position at which the monitor is lodged in said opening, said monitor including an LCD viewing screen that is exposed for viewing in said open monitor position, faces the interior of said housing and is shielded by the remainder of said monitor in said retracted monitor position, said monitor being without an internal power supply but having an input to receive electrical power from an external supply, a motor mounted to said housing so that it does not pivot with said monitor, a power supply for said motor and for said monitor mounted to said housing outside the monitor's retracted position so that it does not pivot with said monitor, said power supply producing outputs at different respective voltage levels for said motor and said monitor, a mechanical coupling between said motor and said monitor for pivoting said monitor to its open position when actuated by said motor, a return actuator for returning said monitor to its retracted position, and an electrical connector for supplying said monitor with power from said power supply in its open position. 2. The retractable LCD of claim 1, said monitor including said LCD screen on one side and a back surface on an opposite side from said LCD screen, said back surface being substantially flush with said exterior housing wall with the monitor in its retracted position.
3. The retractable LCD of claim 1, said return actuator comprising a spring mechanism, wherein said motor is coupled to said spring mechanism to flex the spring mechanism and cause it to store potential energy when the motor pivots the monitor to its open position.
4. The retractable LCD of claim 3, wherein said mechanical coupling causes said motor to be operated as a generator during the retraction of said monitor, said motor resisting the retraction of said monitor and slowing its retraction rate.
5. The retractable LCD of claim 4, said motor comprising a rotary electrical motor that develops a back-emf (electromotive force) to slow the retraction of said monitor.
6. The retractable LCD of claim 1, said motor comprising a rotary electrical motor that is coupled to drive a rotating drive shaft, and said mechanical coupling comprising a compound pivot linkage connected between said drive shaft and said monitor.
7. The retractable LCD of claim 6, said monitor including said LCD screen on one side and a back surface on an opposite side from said LCD screen, said monitor being pivotally mounted to said housing at a pivot location between said screen and back sides, and including a flange that extends towards said motor from said screen side, with said pivot linkage coupled to said flange for pivoting the monitor about said pivot location.
8. The retractable LCD of claim 7, said flange including an upstanding receiver that pivotally receives said pivot linkage.
9. The retractable LCD of claim 1, said housing including an interior circuit board with control circuitry thereon, wherein the monitor's viewing screen is positioned facing said circuit board when the monitor is in its retracted position.
10. The retractable LCD of claim 1, further comprising an electromagnetic brake for retaining said monitor in its open position, said power supply being connected to supply power to said brake when it is desired to keep the monitor in its open position.
11. The retractable LCD of claim 1, wherein said motor is positioned within the housing lateral to said monitor in its retracted position, said monitor pivots out from the underside of the housing, and the housing includes an interior circuit board with control circuitry thereon, the monitor being position below said circuit board in its retracted position with its LCD screen facing said circuit board.
12. The retractable LCD of claim 11, wherein said monitor is approximately 5.4 cm thick and said housing is approximately 7.9 cm thick, with said monitor including said LCD screen on one side and a back surface on an opposite side from said LCD screen, said back surface being substantially flush with said exterior housing wall with the monitor in its retracted position.
13. The retractable LCD of claim 1, said monitor including a back surface on an opposite side of the monitor from said screen, a linkage receiver on the screen side of the monitor at the monitor's upper end in its open position, and a pivot coupling located towards the monitor's upper end closer to its back surface than to its screen, and further comprising a pivot coupling on said housing engaging the pivot coupling on said monitor, said mechanical coupling comprising a compound linkage connected between said motor and said monitor linkage receiver for pivoting said monitor about said pivot couplings.
14. A retractable liquid crystal display (LCD), comprising:a housing having an exterior wall with an opening for an LCD monitor, an LCD monitor pivotally mounted to said housing for pivoting through an arc exceeding 90 extends out from the housing, and a retracted position at which the monitor is lodged in said opening, said monitor including an LCD viewing screen that is exposed for viewing in said open monitor position, faces the interior of said housing and is shielded by the remainder of said monitor in said retracted monitor position, a back surface on an opposite side of the monitor from said screen, a linkage receiver on the screen side of the monitor at the monitor's upper end in its open position, and a pivot coupling located towards the monitor's upper end closer to its back surface than to its screen, a motor mounted to said housing, a pivot coupling on said housing engaging the pivot coupling on said monitor, a compound linkage connected between said motor and said monitor linkage receiver for pivoting said monitor about said pivot couplings to its open position when actuated by said motor, and a return actuator for returning said monitor to its retracted position. 15. The retractable LCD of claim 14, said compound linkage causing said motor to be operated as a generator during the retraction of said monitor, said motor resisting the retraction of said monitor and slowing its retraction rate.
16. The retractable LCD of claim 15, said motor comprising a rotary electrical motor that develops a back-emf (electromotive force) to slow the retraction of said monitor.
17. The retractable LCD of claim 15, said return actuator comprising a spring mechanism, wherein said motor is coupled to said spring mechanism to flex the spring mechanism and cause it to store potential energy when the motor pivots the monitor to its open position.
18. The retractable LCD of claim 15, further comprising an electromagnetic brake for retaining said monitor in its open position.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION FIG. 1 presents an exploded view of a retractable LCD monitor assembly that is particularly suited for commercial aircraft with a relatively small overhead compartment space, such as the Airbus A320. It includes a housing assembly 2 that fits into the overhead compartment, and a monitor assembly 4 that is stowed in a retracted position within the housing but can be pivoted out for viewing by the aircraft passengers.
The LCD monitor assembly includes a carriage 6 whose back surface 8 is exposed to the passenger area when the monitor is retracted to its stowed position, an LCD monitor 10, and a front cover 12 that includes a plastic screen 14 to protect the glass LCD screen 16.
An upstanding flange 18 is provided adjacent the periphery of carriage 6, with a lateral flange 20 extending out from one side of flange 18. A dependent peripheral flange 22 on the cover 12 is seated around the carriage flange 18 when the monitor is assembled, with the LCD 10 captured between its carriage and cover, and the assembly held together by screws 24 that are threaded into corresponding openings in the cover and carriage flanges 22 and 18.
A pair of upstanding arms or tabs 26 are provided towards one end of the lateral flange 20. As described below, these tabs provide a connection to the monitor assembly for receiving a pivot linkage that pivots the monitor between open and retracted positions. A cotter pin 28 extends through openings in the tabs to hold the linkage to the monitor assembly, with a mylar washer 30 inserted between the pinhead and tabs.
The housing assembly 2 includes a main housing 32, the underside of which is open to receive the monitor assembly. A lateral flange 34 extends around the main housing, with a pivot bracket 36 mounted to the inner surface of flange 34 by screws 38 and washers 40. A pivot pin 42 extends through aligned openings 44 in the pivot bracket, 46 in the LCD cover 12 and 48 in the carriage flange 18. The monitor assembly pivot openings 46 and 48 are positioned roughly 60% of the distance from the face of cover 12 to the rear surface of the carriage 6, and near the flange 20 side of the assembly. This location is suitable for pivoting the monitor assembly by more than 90 assembly to an open viewing position. A mirror image pivot bracket assembly is provided on the opposite side of the housing, the individual components of which are identified in FIG. 1 by the same reference numerals primed.
A recessed ceiling plate 50 is screwed in place over the housing opening that receives the monitor assembly. A printed wiring board 52 in turn is screwed in place over the ceiling plate 50, and separated therefrom by pads 53 and spacers 54. The printed wiring board 52 includes power and control circuitry for a motor/gear/brake assembly 55 that is located within the main housing 32, lateral to the housing's monitor receiving area. The motor/gear/brake assembly 55 controls the movement of a compound pivot arm linkage 56 that controls the pivoting of the monitor. The pivot linkage 56 includes two pivot links 58 and 60 that are pivotally connected to each other by a pivot pin 62. The opposite end of pivot link 58 from pin 62 rotates with a drive shaft from the motor/gear/brake assembly, while the opposite end of pivot link 60 has an opening 64 (shown in FIG. 2) that receives the pivot pin 28, thereby pivotally coupling the pivot linkage 56 with the monitor assembly. Also included in the same compartment with the motor/gear/brake assembly is a switch 66 that is actuated when the monitor is pivoted to its fully open position, deactivating power to the motor and activating power to the brake; the detailed operation of the motor/gear/brake assembly is described below. A cover 68 is screwed into place over the main housing.
One of the advantages of the invention is that a single power supply 70 provides power for both the motor/gear/brake assembly 55 that opens and retracts the monitor, and for the LCD within the monitor itself. The power supply package includes an input terminal 72 that receives power and control signals from a control station in the aircraft, a coaxial video input terminal 74 that receives an external video signal, typically from a video cassette recorded located in the front or rear of the aircraft, and a fuse holder 76. The power supply is mounted to flanges 78, 80 on the exterior of the main housing's lateral flange 34. In a particular embodiment, the power supply is a transformer and converts 115 volt, 400 Hz AC aircraft power to AC outputs at 34 and 24 volts. The transformer is connected to the monitor deployment control card 52, where rectifier, filter and regulator circuits convert the AC power outputs into DC outputs at +5, -9, +12 and +24 volts. The provision of a monitor power supply that is retained in the housing and does not pivot with the monitor allows for a significant reduction in the monitor assembly's bulk and weight. This makes it possible for the monitor to be stowed in its retracted position with its screen face up towards the interior of the housing, as shown in FIG. 1, while still leaving enough clearance within the housing to pivot the monitor by more than 90 downward for viewing by the passengers. Also provided on the exterior of the main housing flange 34, immediately below the power supply 70, is a solenoid 82 for a latch (not shown) that provides a backup for the spring mechanism in holding the monitor in a retracted position.
FIG. 3 shows the monitor in both its open and retracted positions; a prime is added to the reference numbers to indicate the retracted position. One end of the link 58 for the pivot linkage is coupled to the motor/gear/drive shaft 84 and rotates along with the drive shaft. Initially, with the monitor stowed in the housing, the inner link 58' is in a position of maximum clockwise rotation, and makes a significant angle with the outer link 60' at pivot pin 62'. In this position the LCD monitor 4' is retained in the housing, with its protective screen 16' facing up towards the ceiling plate 50 in the housing's monitor opening defined by the inner walls 85 of the housing flange 34. Furthermore, in this position the monitor's rear surface 8' is substantially flush with the housing's surrounding lower wall 86 that is exposed to the passenger compartment, thus presenting a smooth and pleasing appearance. With the compact monitor assembly provided by the invention, an LCD 16 with a display screen of approximately 22 cm can be provided with a thickness of only about 2.8 cm, such that the overall monitor 4 has a thickness of only about 5.4 cm. This degree of compactness allows the monitor and the attendant pivoting mechanism to be accommodated in a housing that is 7.9 cm thick, which is the maximum dimension permitted in certain aircraft.
To open the monitor to a viewing position, the motor/gear/assembly 55 rotates the drive shaft 84 counterclockwise. This in turn moves the linkage 58, 60 to the extended position shown, at which the monitor 4 has been pivoted counterclockwise by more than 90 indicated by arrow 88. Pivoting the monitor beyond a vertical orientation causes the screen 14 to face somewhat downward, allowing it to be easily viewed by passengers who are seated below the overhead compartment and behind the monitor.
Details of the monitor construction are shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. Starting from its viewing side, the monitor includes the plastic screen 14 that is bonded to the periphery of the cover 12 and protects the glass LCD screen 16, which includes the liquid crystals that form the display. A fluorescent backlight panel 88 is located behind and illuminates the LCD screen 16. The display is electrically controlled by circuitry on a printed circuit board 90 behind the backlight panel, with control signals provided on the circuit board to the LCD through flexible cables 92, 94, and 96. To maintain the compactness of the overall monitor assembly, the backlight panel 88 is preferably implemented about 0.63 cm thick.
The circuit board 90 includes a converter section 98 that converts between NTSC and PAL video formats, a power inverter 100 that transforms a 12 volt DC input from the power supply in the fixed housing to a higher voltage level for the backlight fluorescent tubes, and a control section 102 that receives +5 volt, -9 volt, +12 volt analog and digital ground and video signals for controlling the image on the LCD screen.
Video and power signals are provided to the monitor assembly through a receptacle 104, which provides a 12 volt DC signal to terminals 106, 108 on the power inverter board 100, and +12 volt, +5 volt, -9 volt, ground and video signals to a terminal strip 110 on the converter board 98. The input signals for the LCD control board 102 are provided from the converter board through a flexible cable 112. The circuit details of the various circuit board sections are conventional, and need not be described in detail.
FIG. 6 gives a plan view of the fixed housing 2, with its cover 68 removed and with circuit details omitted. The power supply 70 includes an EMI filter, from which the aircraft 115 volt AC power is delivered from input terminal 72 through a connector flex cable 114 to a jack 116 on the circuit board 52. Jack 116 also accepts key line power on/off lines. From an adjacent output jack 118 on the circuit board, the 115 volt AC is delivered to the power supply through a flexible cable 120; the +12, +5, -9 volt, and analog and digital ground signals are also delivered back from the power supply to the circuit board through cable 120 and jack 118.
The input video signal at terminal 74 is supplied to a line 122, which is bundled with a DC power and control signal output from the circuit board through output jack 124 and line 126. The bundled line 128 is secured to the housing with a strap 130, with its remote end 132 connected to a plug 134 which mates with the receptacle 104 on the monitor assembly. The end 132 of the monitor's electrical supply line 128 has enough free play to allow the monitor to be pivoted to its fully open position without stretching the line.
The motor/gear/brake assembly 55 that is held in the housing 32 adjacent the circuit board 52 includes a rotary electric motor 136, a first stage gear box 138 driven by the motor, and a second stage gear box 140 that reduces the output from the first stage gearbox. The motor is preferably a 6,000 rpm device, with the first and second stage gearboxes comprising planetary gears that collectively step the rotational speed down to 3 rpm.
An electromagnetic brake 142 is actuated in response to position sensor switch 66 providing an appropriate signal to a microprocessor on the circuit board 52 when the monitor has reached a fully open position. When actuated, the brake 142 prevents the monitor from retracting back into the housing. The retraction force that acts to move the monitor back to a stowed position when the brake is released is provided by a torsion spring assembly 144, which is described below in connection with FIGS. 7 and 8. Power for the motor and brake is supplied from the circuit board 52 through an output jack 146 and electrical cable 148, which also supplies power and a signal path for the switch 66.
Further details of the monitor pivot mechanism are shown in FIGS. 7 and 8. An output drive shaft 150 from the second gearbox 140 is coupled into the spring housing 144. A pair of interwound torsion springs 152 and 154 are positioned within a cup 156 that rotates with the drive shaft 150. One end 152a, 154a of each spring near the bottom of the cup is bent and captured in a longitudinal groove 158 cut into the drive shaft. The opposite ends 152b, 154b of the springs extend out beyond the cup, and are captured in a longitudinal groove 160 in the interior wall of housing 144. The distal end of drive shaft 150 is coupled to the first pivot link 58, either by means of a connector pin or by providing the drive shaft and a corresponding opening in the link 58 with similar shapes, such as hexagonal or octagonal.
In operation, assuming that the LCD monitor is initially in a retracted position within the housing, a control signal applied to the unit through terminal 72 on the power supply causes the motor 136 to operate. This rotates the drive shaft 150 and the attached pivot link 58, driving the monitor assembly to pivot somewhat beyond 90 position indicated by number 4 in FIG. 3. At this position the switch 66 is actuated and causes power to be applied to the brake 142 and removed from the motor 136. If desired, a manual power switch can also be provided as a backup to make sure that the motor power is turned off. The monitor's LCD then displays the video signal provided through input terminal 74.
Rotating the drive shaft to open the monitor winds springs 152 and 154, causing the springs to store additional potential energy that produces a rotational closing force on the drive shaft. This closing force is resisted, however, by the electromagnetic brake 142, which holds the monitor open. A separate mechanical latch (not shown), controlled by the solenoid 82, provides a backup for keeping the monitor open.
When the video program is over and it is desired to retract the monitor, power is removed from the brake allowing the springs to release potential energy by rotating the drive shaft in the opposite direction to pivot the monitor closed. To ensure a complete closing, a considerable spring force is employed. In the preferred embodiment, the torsion springs 152 and 154 are formed from 0.28 cm steel music wire, 270K yield, shot peened after forming, 3.6 cm long with a 0.37 cm pitch. The outside diameters of the inner and outer springs are 3.1 and 3.8 cm, respectively.
Without restraint, the spring force can produce a rapid closing of the monitor, possibly damaging it when it contacts the housing and producing a distracting noise for the passengers. A feature of the invention is that the monitor closing mechanism employs the same elements as those used to open it; the motor 136 and gear boxes 138, 140. The retraction of the monitor thus produces a counter rotation of the motor, through the intermediary gear boxes, that develops a back-emf in the motor. The springs are strong enough to fully retract the monitor, but their closing force is resisted by the motor's back-emf so that the retraction is slowed down and cushioned. The amount of back-emf that is generated is a function of the closing speed; as the spring tension is partially released during retraction cycle, the back-emf resistance is also reduced. The result is a self-regulated retraction force that changes by a lesser amount than the change in spring tension between the start and conclusion of the retraction cycle. The springs are pre-tensioned in their fully retracted positions to assure a residual closing force towards the end of the retraction cycle. The retractable LCD monitor is thus not only stowed screen up to protect the assembly and provide a pleasing appearance; the regulated retraction mechanism assures a complete closing while protecting against damage to the equipment or distracting noises that can be caused by closing the monitor too rapidly.
While a particular embodiment of the invention has been shown and described, numerous variations and alternate embodiments will occur to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, it is intended that the invention be limited only in terms of the appended claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of the overall LCD assembly for a preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary exploded view showing the coupling of the pivot linkage to the monitor assembly;
FIG. 3 is a partially broken away elevation view showing the monitor and both its open and retracted positions within the housing;
FIG. 4 is a plan view of the opposite side of the monitor from its LCD screen, with the back cover removed;
FIG. 5 is a right side elevation view of the monitor;
FIG. 6 is a simplified, partially broken away plan view of the fixed housing for the monitor assembly, showing its motor, power supply and electronics;
FIG. 7 is an elevation view, partially sectioned, showing the drive mechanism for pivoting the monitor; and
FIG. 8 is a enlarged sectional view taken along the line 8--8 of FIG. 7.
This invention relates to retractable liquid crystal displays (LCDs), particularly of the type intended for overhead passenger use in commercial aircraft.
LCD monitors for use in commercial aircraft and other vehicles pivot down from an overhead compartment when in use, and at other times are retracted and stowed in the overhead compartment above the passenger seats. One monitor is typically provided for each three rows of seats.
The monitors are typically stored in the overhead compartments with their LCD screens facing down into the passenger area, where it is exposed for possible damage by passenger use. While it would be desirable to stow the monitors with their screens facing up into the interior of the overhead compartment, the monitor and its attendant circuitry and power supply are relatively bulky. This limits the angle through which the monitor can be rotated from the overhead compartment, whose space is quite limited in aircraft such as the Airbus A320. By storing the monitors with their screens facing down into the passenger area, only a limited rotation of less than 90 positions, in which their screens face down and towards the rear of the passenger area. Stowing the monitors with their screens face up would require a pivot of more than 90 The limited space available in the overhead compartments cannot accommodate this much of a pivot with the relatively bulky monitors that are presently available.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION This invention seeks to provide a compact, light weight retractable LCD monitor that is capable of being stowed screen up in a conventional aircraft overhead compartment, and of being pivoted more than 90 to a proper viewing position. Another object is to cushion the retraction of the monitor so that it closes softly into the overhead compartment, without endangering the LCD screen.
In the accomplishment of these goals, an LCD monitor is pivotally mounted to a housing that can be positioned in the overhead compartment of an aircraft or some other desired location, with a motor mounted to the housing so that it does not pivot with the monitor. A power supply for both the motor and the housing is likewise mounted to the housing so that it does not pivot with the monitor. The motor is mechanically coupled to the monitor to pivot it to an open position, with a spring mechanism used to return the monitor to a retracted position, and electrical connectors supplying the monitor with power from the power supply when it is open for viewing. The use of an off-monitor power supply for both the motor and the monitor reduces the bulk and weight of the monitor assembly, allowing it to be stowed screen up in small overhead compartments.
In a preferred embodiment, the motor causes the spring mechanism to flex and store potential energy when the motor pivots the monitor to its open position. The potential energy in the spring is used to retract the monitor when desired. The mechanical coupling between the motor and monitor causes the motor to operate as a generator during the retraction cycle, such that it resists and slows the monitor's retraction to provide for a cushioned closing. The motor is preferably a rotary electrical motor that develops a back-EMF to resist the retraction force.
The coupling mechanism is preferably a compound pivot linkage that allows the monitor to be pivoted more than 90 retracted positions. One end of the linkage is pivotally connected to a flange that extends from the LCD screen side of the monitor towards the motor; the monitor is pivotally mounted to the housing at a pivot location between the screen and the opposite side of the monitor.
The electronics that move with the monitor are restricted to those necessary to control the LCD. Other electronics, such as power connections for the motor and brake, are provided on a fixed circuit board within the housing. In its retracted position, the monitor screen faces up towards the underside of the fixed circuit board, while the opposite side of the monitor is flush with the exterior housing wall.
These and other features and advantages of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the followed detailed description, taken together with the accompanying drawings.
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Raising Rabbits the Modern Way by Robert Bennett | 9780882660677 | Paperback | Barnes & Noble
Completely revised Garden Way Publishing Classic on raising rabbits. * Contains the most recent how-to information for successfully raising rabbits on a small to semicommercial scale. * All new information on feeding, housing, medication, breeding, showing, and selling. * Contains all the basics, experienced solutions, modern techniques, from…
Raising Rabbits the Modern Way available in
9780882660677
Completely revised Garden Way Publishing Classic on raising rabbits. * Contains the most recent how-to information for successfully raising rabbits on a small to semicommercial scale. * All new information on feeding, housing, medication, breeding, showing, and selling. * Contains all the basics, experienced solutions, modern techniques, from inspecting the litter to ARBA registration system. * Includes updated product information and equipment lists. "A practical how-to manual...to help anyone raise rabbits with success."  Country Place Bookshelf "Well-written and easy-to-read...presents much valuable information."  Countryside, Waterloo, WI "Common sense approach...written from long first-hand experience. Combines considerable technical knowledge with a distinct sense of humor."  Champagne News, Valley City, ND Author Biography: Rabbit enthusiast Bob Bennett has written six books, including Bob Bennett's Guide to Winning Rabbit Shows, Raising Rabbits Successfully, and Storey's Raising Rabbits the Modern Way. Besides writing many articles for newspapers and magazines, Bob has been editor of Rabbits magazine, contributing editor to Countryside magazine, and founder of Domestic Rabbit magazine. He has appeared on NBC-TV's "Today Show" for a feature on rabbits, and has spoken on rabbits to commercial producers, feed companies, and fanciers, and is past director of the American Rabbit Breeders' Association. The Mother Earth News has said of Bob's book: "A thorough guide...covering selection, purchase, rearing, care, and breeding of bunnies." Also, a newspaper from Hawaii, The Maui News, has also commented, "...Bennett says all there is to say about rabbits...well presented. His style is simple and straight-forward, and, above all, easy to understand." Bob lives in Shelburne, Vermont, and is vice president of corporate communications for Howard Bancorp and the Howard Bank.

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