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Patent US20030151845 - Head carriage assembly drive system and disk drive - Google Patents
A head carriage assembly drive system has a head carriage assembly having a head, a head carriage for moving the head in a radial direction of a rotating disk, a first drive unit for generating the power to rotate the head carriage and a second drive unit having a torque constant smaller than the torque...http://www.google.com/patents/US20030151845?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US20030151845 - Head carriage assembly drive system and disk drive
Publication number US20030151845 A1
Application number US 09/426,092
Also published as US6671120
Publication number 09426092, 426092, US 2003/0151845 A1, US 2003/151845 A1, US 20030151845 A1, US 20030151845A1, US 2003151845 A1, US 2003151845A1, US-A1-20030151845, US-A1-2003151845, US2003/0151845A1, US2003/151845A1, US20030151845 A1, US20030151845A1, US2003151845 A1, US2003151845A1
Inventors Shinji Koganezawa, Tomoyoshi Yamada
Original Assignee Shinji Koganezawa, Tomoyoshi Yamada
Referenced by (2), Classifications (8), Legal Events (8)
Head carriage assembly drive system and disk drive
US 20030151845 A1
A head carriage assembly drive system has a head carriage assembly having a head, a head carriage for moving the head in a radial direction of a rotating disk, a first drive unit for generating the power to rotate the head carriage and a second drive unit having a torque constant smaller than the torque constant of the first drive unit. Mainly the first drive unit is operated in a low-frequency band and mainly the second drive unit is operated in a high-frequency band, thereby reducing overall power consumption during tracking.
1. A head carriage assembly drive system for driving a head carriage assembly when making a head track a track on a disk during a tracking operation, the head carriage assembly drive system comprising:
a first drive unit for generating force to rotate a head carriage of the head carriage assembly, the first drive unit being provided, with respect to a pivot, on a side of the head carriage opposite a side on which a head is provided;
a second drive unit positioned at a position other than a position at which the first drive unit is positioned, the second drive unit having a torque constant smaller than a torque constant of the first drive unit; and
a control unit assigning mainly the first drive unit to operate in a low-frequency band and mainly the second drive unit to operate in a high-frequency band.
2. A head carriage assembly drive system for driving a head carriage assembly when making a head track a track on a disk during a tracking operation, the head carriage assembly drive system comprising:
a control unit assigning the first drive unit to operate with respect to an eccentricity of the disk track and the second drive unit to operate with respect to other than an eccentricity of the disk track.
3. A head carriage assembly drive system for driving a head carriage assembly when making a head track a track on a disk during a tracking operation, the head carriage assembly drive system comprising:
a control unit assigning the first drive unit to operate so as to supply a rotational force sufficient to offset a bias rotational force acting on the head carriage assembly, the second drive unit being driven to make the head follow the track on the disk.
4. A head carriage assembly drive system for driving a head carriage assembly when making a head track a track on a disk during a tracking operation, the head carriage assembly drive system comprising:
a control unit assigning the first drive unit to detect a speed of movement of the head and assigning only the second drive unit to drive the head.
5. A head carriage assembly drive system for driving a head carriage assembly when making a head track a track on a disk during a tracking operation, the head carriage assembly drive system comprising:
a second drive unit positioned, with respect to the pivot, on a side opposite the first drive unit, the second drive unit having a torque constant smaller than a torque constant of the first drive unit and generating a force that is the reverse of a force generated by the first drive unit; and
drive current sent to the first drive unit and drive current sent to the second drive unit, the values of the first and second drive unit currents being substantially inversely proportional to the torque constants of the first and second drive units.
6. A head carriage assembly drive system for driving a head carriage assembly when making a head seek a target track on a disk during a seek operation, the head carriage assembly drive system comprising:
a second drive unit having a torque constant smaller than a torque constant of the first drive unit; and
a control unit assigning the second drive unit to detect a speed of movement of the head and assigning only the first drive unit to drive the head.
a head carriage rotatably supported by a pivot for moving the head in a radial direction of a rotating disk;
a first drive unit for generating force to rotate the head carriage, the first drive unit being provided, with respect to the pivot, on a side of the head carriage opposite a side on which the head is provided;
a second drive unit positioned at a position other than a position at which the first drive unit is positioned, the second drive unit having a torque constant smaller than a torque constant of the first drive unit; and a control unit assigning the first drive unit to operate with respect to an eccentricity of the disk track and the second drive unit to operate with respect to other than an eccentricity of the disk track.
The present invention relates generally to a head carriage assembly drive system and disk drive, and more particularly, to a head carriage assembly drive system and disk drive suitable for high-density recording.
At present, high-density recording is being introduced to 3.5-inch and other types of magnetic disk drives. In order to increase the recording density, however, it is necessary to increase the number of tracks per unit length of magnetic disk, or TPI, and increasing TPI decreases the width of each track and requires a consequent enhancement in the accuracy with which the magnetic head is positioned. Increasing the TPI to 25,000, for example, reduces the track pitch to 1 μm, requiring the positional accuracy of the magnetic head to be within 0.1 μm. Additionally, such magnetic head positional accuracy should be accomplished with a reduced consumption of power because the magnetic disk drive is operated by a battery mounted in a laptop-type computer.
Conventionally, however, it is difficult to accomplish such accuracy with reduced power consumption due to the configuration of the conventional head carriage assembly drive system.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a head carriage assembly drive system and disk drive in which the problem of obtaining a reduction in energy consumption as described above is solved.
The above-described object of the present invention is achieved by providing a head carriage assembly drive system for driving a head carriage assembly when making a head track a track on a disk during a tracking operation, the head carriage assembly drive system comprising:
According to the head carriage assembly drive system described above, it is possible to greatly reduce power consumption compared to when only the second drive unit is used for tracking operation. The first drive unit operates only in the low-frequency band, so of the drive forces generated by the first drive unit the drive force of the primary resonance frequency that is the lateral mode caused by the bearing is small, and so the drive of the first drive unit does not cause the head carriage assembly to resonate. Additionally, the second drive unit has a small torque constant, with a primary resonance peak that is small. Control in the high-frequency bandwidth is performed by activating the second drive unit. Accordingly, tracking can be conducted with the same high degree of accuracy as when only the second drive unit is used.
Further, the above-described object of the present invention is also achieved by providing the head carriage assembly drive system comprising the first and second drive units as described above, wherein the control unit assigns the first drive unit to operate with respect to an eccentricity of the disk track and the second drive unit to operate with respect to other than an eccentricity of the disk track.
According to the head carriage assembly drive system described above, it is possible to greatly reduce power consumption compared to when only the second drive unit is used for tracking operation. The first drive unit operates only at the rotational frequency of the disk and therefore does not resonate at the frequency of the head carriage assembly (approximately 3-5 KHz). Additionally, the-second drive unit has a small torque constant, with a primary resonance peak that is small, and therefore is suitable for control through high-frequency bands. Accordingly, tracking can be conducted with the same high degree of accuracy as when only the second drive unit is used.
Additionally, the above-described object of the present invention is also achieved by providing a head carriage assembly drive system comprising the first and second drive units as described above, wherein the a control unit assigns the first drive unit to operate so as to supply a rotational force sufficient to offset a bias rotational force acting on the head carriage assembly, the second drive unit being driven to make the head follow the track on the disk.
According to the head carriage assembly drive system described above, power consumption can be greatly reduced compared to a case in which only the second drive unit is made to generate a rotational force to offset the rotational force caused by the cable while also being driven to make the head follow the track on the disk.
Further, the above-described object of the present invention is also achieved by providing a head carriage assembly drive system comprising the first and second drive units as described above, wherein the control unit assigns the first drive unit to detect a speed of movement of the head and assigns only the second drive unit to drive the head.
By using the first drive means to detect the speed of movement of the head, the need for a velocity estimator is eliminated, as is the need for the calculations performed by the estimator. Additionally, the speed of movement of the head is detected directly, making it possible to provide a more robust servo system. Moreover, calculation time is shortened and current flow begins quickly, providing accurate positioning and stable tracking.
Additionally, the above-described object of the present invention is also achieved by providing a head carriage assembly drive system comprising the first and second drive units as described above, wherein:
the second drive unit has a torque constant smaller than a torque constant of the first drive unit and generates a force that is the reverse of a force generated by the first drive unit, and the control unit; and
According to the head carriage assembly drive system described above, the drive currents supplied to the first drive unit and the second drive unit are largely in inverse proportion to the torque constants of the drive units, and thus the force generated by the first drive unit and the force generated by the second drive unit are of equal size. As a result, the lateral forces acting on the pivot are cancelled out and only the torque of the periphery of the pivot acts on the head carriage. Accordingly, the lateral mode arising from the rigidity of the ball bearing is not excited and the servo bandwidth is increased, head slider positioning accuracy is increased and tracking accuracy improved.
Further, the above-described object of the present invention is also achieved by providing a head carriage assembly drive system for driving a head carriage assembly when making a head seek a target track on a disk during a seek operation, the head carriage assembly drive system comprising:
According to the head carriage assembly drive system described above, using the second drive unit to detect the speed of movement of the head results in continuous speed information, eliminates the calculations by a digital signal processor (DSP) hitherto required in the conventional art, shortens the calculating time and thereby reduces the burden on the servo system by an equivalent amount. As a result, the seeking of a target track by the head is performed more stably and more smoothly than is the case with the conventional art.
[0028]FIG. 1 is a block diagram for explaining the drive system of the head carriage assembly according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
[0029]FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a unit for obtaining eccentricity information of the first control unit depicted in FIG. 1;
[0030]FIGS. 3A and 3B are diagrams showing a first magnetic head carriage assembly using the drive system of FIG. 1;
[0031]FIG. 4 is a diagram of a magnetic disk drive having the magnetic head carriage assembly of FIGS. 3A and 3B;
[0032]FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a circuit related to the magnetic head carriage assembly of FIGS. 3A and 3B;
[0033]FIGS. 6A and 6B are diagrams explaining a tracking operation;
[0034]FIGS. 7A and 7B are diagrams showing a second magnetic head carriage assembly using the drive system of FIG. 1;
[0035]FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a circuit related to the magnetic head carriage assembly of FIG. 7;
[0036]FIGS. 9A and 9B are diagrams explaining a tracking operation;
[0037]FIG. 10 is a block diagram for explaining a drive system of a first variation of a head carriage assembly according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
[0038]FIG. 11 is a block diagram for explaining a drive system of a second variation of a head carriage assembly according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
[0039]FIG. 12 is a block diagram for explaining a drive system of a third variation of a head carriage assembly according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
[0040]FIG. 13 is a block diagram for explaining a drive system of a fourth variation of a head carriage assembly according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
[0041]FIG. 14 is a block diagram for explaining a drive system of a head carriage assembly according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
[0042]FIG. 15 is a block diagram for explaining a drive system of a first variation of a head carriage assembly according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
[0043]FIG. 16 is a block diagram for explaining a drive system of a head carriage assembly according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
[0044]FIGS. 17A and 17B are diagrams explaining a tracking operation of a magnetic head carriage assembly using the drive system of FIG. 16; and
[0045]FIG. 18 is a block diagram for explaining a drive system of a first variation of a head carriage assembly according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
In order to facilitate understanding of the present invention a description will first be given of related art. The related art has a magnetic head carriage assembly and a control mechanism. The magnetic head carriage assembly is equipped with a magnetic head carriage that is itself equipped with a magnetic head, the magnetic head carriage moving the magnetic head, rotatably supported by a pivot, in the radial direction of a rotating disk. In addition, the magnetic head carriage assembly has a first drive unit and a second drive unit for generating the power to rotate the head carriage, the first drive unit being provided, with respect to the pivot, on a side opposite the side on which the magnetic head is positioned, and the second drive unit being positioned at a position other than the position at which the first drive unit is mounted. The control mechanism operates the first drive unit during a seek operation and operates the second drive unit during a tracking operation.
In the above-described magnetic disk drive, the lateral force during the tracking operation is of a direction that has little effect on the positioning of the magnetic head slider on the track, and accordingly, the magnetic head slider can be positioned with a high degree of accuracy with respect to the track and tracking can be performed accurately.
It should be noted that the second drive unit is provided as an auxiliary, and accordingly, the torque constant, that is, the torque generated by a predetermined drive current, of this second drive unit is substantially smaller than the torque constant of the second drive unit. Accordingly, tracking by use of the first drive unit alone does not result in the desired reduction in power consumption.
The present invention overcomes the above-mentioned problem.
A detailed description will now be given of a first embodiment of the present invention. In order to facilitate the understanding of the present invention, a description will first be given of a first and second magnetic head carriage assembly and a magnetic disk drive having the head carriage assembly drive system according to this first embodiment of the present invention.
[0051]FIG. 4 shows a first magnetic disk drive 40. The magnetic disk drive 40 is constructed so that a magnetic disk 45 is rotatably mounted on a spindle 46 inside a box-shaped chassis base 44, such that a first magnetic head carriage assembly 41 is included therein.
As shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the magnetic head carriage assembly 41 has an arm-shaped head carriage 47. The head carriage 47 comprises a hub portion 47 a, an arm portion 47 b extending from this hub portion 47 a in an X2 direction, and a fork-shaped portion 47 c extending from the hub portion 47 a in an X1 direction. The ball bearing 48, as shown in FIG. 3(B), fixedly mounts the pivot 49 to the chassis base 44. The head carriage 47 fits the ball bearing 48 to a through-hole aperture 47a2 in the hub portion 47 a, so that the axis 49 can rotate about a center.
CX is an axial line in a longer longitudinal direction of the head carriage 47, and passes through the pivot 49. CY passes through the pivot 49 and intersects with axial line CX. CZ is the axial line of the pivot 49. X1,X2 represents the axial line CX direction, Y1,Y2 represents the line CY direction and Z1,Z2 represents the axial line CZ direction, that is, height.
A head suspension 50 is mounted at the X2 end of the arm portion 47 b, and a magnetic head slider 42 having a magnetic head on an end surface is fixedly mounted on the head suspension 50. When the head carriage 47 rotates the magnetic head slider 42 moves in the direction of a radius of the rotating magnetic disk 45.
A primary magnetic drive unit 51 that operates during seek mode is provided on the X1 side of the head carriage 47. The primary magnetic drive unit 51 is the first drive unit described in the claims, and comprises a magnetic circuit structure 52 fixedly mounted on a chassis base 44 and a flat, quadrilateral drive coil 53 fixedly mounted on the fork-shaped portion 47 c. The magnetic circuit structure 52 comprises a permanent magnet 54 and a yoke 55 vertically opposing the drive coil 53. The permanent magnet 62 is plate-shaped, and arc-shaped, and divided at the center into two segments polarized into two polarities.
As shown in FIG. 3B in particular, reference number 60 is a secondary drive device, provided on line CY, positioned on the Y1 side of the pivot 49 and contacting the ball bearing 48. As shown in the plan view provided by FIG. 3A, the secondary drive device 60 is mounted in a region included within the hub portion 47 a.
The secondary drive device 60 has a relatively small size compared to that of the primary magnetic drive unit 51 and operates during a tracking mode, and the drive power it generates is also small compared to that required by the seek mode. As a result, the secondary drive device 60 may be relatively small in size compared to the primary magnetic drive unit 51 and yet still be sufficient for its purpose. As a result, as described above, as shown in the plan view the secondary magnetic drive unit 60 is accommodated within a region included within the hub portion 47 a.
The secondary magnetic disk drive 60 comprises opposed flat, quadrilateral drive coil 61 and permanent magnet 62, as well as yokes 63, 64. The flat drive coil 61 is fixedly mounted on top of yoke 63 and fixedly mounted on the chassis base 44. The permanent magnet is fixedly mounted at the bottom of yoke 64 and fixedly mounted within a concavity 47a1 on the bottom of the hub portion 47 a. The permanent magnet 62 is plate-shaped, and arc-shaped, and divided at the center into two segments polarized into two polarities. The size of the flat drive coil 61 is such that an angle α formed by two sides 61 a, 61 b extending in radial directions through the pivot 49 is identical to an angle α formed by the corresponding sides of the drive coil 53, so as to ensure that the secondary magnetic drive unit 60 can operate normally regardless of the position of the head carriage 47.
The drive coil 61 of the secondary magnetic drive unit 60 is relatively small compared to the drive coil of the primary magnetic drive unit 51, and the torque constant of the secondary magnetic drive unit 60 is particularly small as compared to the torque constant of the primary magnetic drive unit 51.
Reference number 65 is a flexible cable, one end of which is drawn from the head carriage 47 hub portion 47 a side in a curve and the other end of which is connected to a connector 66.
Next, a description will be given of the operation of the above-described magnetic disk drive 40, though without reference to a tracking operation.
During operation of the magnetic disk drive 40, the magnetic head carriage assembly 41 operates under the control of the micro-controller unit (MCU) 70 shown in FIG. 5, in which reference number 71 is a bus. During a read operation, information picked up from the rotating magnetic disk 45 by the magnetic head slider 42 is read by a read/write circuit 72. In a write operation, information output from the read/write circuit 72 is written to the magnetic disk 45 by the magnetic head slider 42. Additionally, a position detecting circuit 73 detects a track 45 a of the magnetic disk 45 being traced by the magnetic head slider 42 from the information picked up from the rotating magnetic disk 45 by the magnetic head slider 42.
When a seek command issues from the MCU 70 a main magnetic drive device drive circuit 74 is activated, a drive current is supplied to the drive coil 53, the main magnetic drive device 51 is activated, the head carriage 47 is rotated and the magnetic head slider 42 is moved to a predetermined track. The main magnetic drive device 51 generates a large force F10 so as to pivot the head carriage 47 rapidly and so complete the seek within a short period of time.
Next, a description will be given of a second magnetic head carriage assembly 41C, depicted in FIGS. 7A and 7B. With the exception of the secondary magnetic drive unit 60C, this second magnetic head carriage assembly 41C is identical to the first magnetic head carriage assembly 41 described above.
The secondary magnetic drive unit 60C is provided at a position on line CX on the X2 side of the pivot 49, that is, on the magnetic head slider 42 side, adjacent to the bearing 48 and, as shown in the plan view, in a region included within the hub portion 47aC.
As shown in FIG. 7(B), the secondary magnetic drive unit 60C has a flat quadrilateral drive coil 61C that is vertically affixed to the chassis base 44 by a coil support 70 and positioned within an arc-shaped slit 47a1C formed on the hub portion 47aC, a permanent magnet 62C fixedly mounted on an outer peripheral surface of the ball bearing 48, and a yoke 63C fixedly mounted on a wall surface of the arc-shaped slit 47a1C.
When a seek command issues from the MCU shown in FIG. 8, the main magnetic drive device drive circuit 74 is activated, a drive current is supplied to the drive coil 53, the main magnetic drive device 51 is activated, the head carriage 47C is rotated and the magnetic head slider 42 is moved to a predetermined track.
The above description pertains to the first and second magnetic head carriage assemblies and magnetic disk drive using the head carriage assembly drive system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
Next, a description will be given of the head carriage drive system according to the first embodiment of the present invention, of which FIG. 1 is a block diagram for explaining the operation thereof.
In FIG. 1, reference number 81 is a first control unit, with information concerning an eccentricity of the magnetic disk 45 of the magnetic disk drive 40, that is, an eccentricity of the track 45 a, stored for example in the ROM. The information of the eccentricity of the magnetic disk 45 of the magnetic disk drive 40, that is, the eccentricity of the track 45 a, is obtained in the manner described below by using the circuit structure comprising the controller 85 and the D/A converter 86 shown in FIG. 2 as well as the secondary magnetic drive unit 60.
Initially, a current value when a tracking operation is carried out using only the secondary magnetic drive unit 60 is obtained for an appropriate time period. Next, the current value so obtained is Fourier transformed to derive the eccentricity. Finally, the eccentricity thus obtained is multiplied by a constant k determined by the ratio of the torque constant of the primary magnetic drive unit 51 to the torque constant of the secondary magnetic drive unit 60. In this manner the magnetic disk 45 eccentricity, that is, the eccentricity of the track 45 a, is obtained.
This eccentricity of the magnetic disk 45, that is, the eccentricity of the track 45 a, is not necessarily constant, and therefore is sought periodically at appropriate time intervals and old information replaced with new information.
The first control unit 81 generates a low-frequency sine wave eccentricity compensation current a that is applied to the primary magnetic drive unit 51, thus causing the primary magnetic drive device 51 to generate torque to compensate for the eccentricity of the magnetic disk 45 of the magnetic disk drive 40, that is, the eccentricity of the track 45 a.
Reference number 82 is the second control unit, which generates a position correction current b when supplied with a position error signal calculated by subtracting a signal indicating the actual position from the magnetic head slider 42 from a signal indicating the target position of the magnetic head slider 42. This position correction current b is used for correcting the position difference obtained by subtracting the compensated eccentricity of the magnetic disk 45, that is, the track 45 a eccentricity, from the position differential with respect to the track 45 a of the magnetic head slider 42, and has a high frequency. The position correction current b generated by the second control unit 82 is applied to the secondary magnetic drive unit 60, 60C.
The primary magnetic drive unit 51 is driven by the eccentricity correction current a, the secondary magnetic drive unit 60, 60C is driven by the position correction current b, the head carriage 47, 47C is driven by the primary magnetic drive unit 51 and the secondary magnetic drive unit 60, and the magnetic head slider 42 tracks the track 45 a.
A description will now be given separately for the head carriage 47 shown in FIG. 3 and the head carriage 47C shown in FIG. 7, respectively.
First, a description will be given of the head carriage 47 shown in FIG. 3, in which the driving of the head carriage 47 by the primary magnetic drive unit 51 and the secondary magnetic drive unit 60 are considered separately.
As shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, the primary magnetic drive unit 51 generates a force F9. With the drive from this primary magnetic drive unit 51 the magnetic head slider 42 tracks the eccentricity of the magnetic disk 45 and compensates for the eccentricity of the magnetic disk 45. Additionally, the magnetic head slider 42 uses the drive from the secondary magnetic drive unit 60 to correct a position differential that could not be corrected by the action of the primary magnetic drive unit 51 alone.
As a result, the secondary magnetic drive unit 60, for which power consumption is great because the torque constant is small, is assigned to correct a positional differential which could not be corrected by the action of the primary magnetic drive unit 51 alone, the primary magnetic drive unit 51 having a large torque constant. As compared to the previously disclosed configuration, in which the secondary magnetic drive unit alone compensates for the overall position differential including the eccentricity of the disk 45, the above-described configuration results in a 10-20% reduction in power consumption.
It should be noted that the frequency of the drive generated by the primary magnetic drive unit 51 is the rotation frequency of the magnetic disk 45, that is, several hundred Hz. As a result, the lateral mode caused by the limited rigidity of the ball bearing 48 is not generated by the drive generated by the primary magnetic drive unit 51. Additionally, force F11 and force F12 generated by the secondary magnetic drive unit 60 are in the direction shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B. As a result, the track direction lateral is not generated. Therefore the servo bandwidth is increased, the magnetic head slider can be positioned with a high degree of accuracy with respect to the track and tracking can be done accurately.
Next, a description will be given of the head carriage 47C shown in FIG. 7, in which the driving of the head carriage 47 by the primary magnetic drive unit 51 and the secondary magnetic drive unit 60 are considered separately.
The primary magnetic drive device generates a force F9. With the drive from this primary magnetic drive unit 51 the magnetic head slider 42 compensates for the eccentricity of the magnetic disk 45. As a result, the secondary magnetic drive unit 60C, for which power consumption is great because the torque constant is small, supplements the primary magnetic drive unit 51, which has a large torque constant, so as to correct a positional differential which could not be corrected by the action of the primary magnetic drive unit 51 alone. As compared to the previously disclosed configuration, in which the secondary magnetic drive unit alone compensates for the overall position differential including the eccentricity of the disk 45, the above-described configuration results in a 10-20% reduction in power consumption.
It should be noted that, for the same reasons given earlier with respect to the head carriage 47, the magnetic head slider can be positioned with a high degree of accuracy with respect to the track and tracking can be done accurately.
[0084]FIG. 10 is a block diagram for explaining a drive system of a first variation of a head carriage assembly according to the first embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 10, reference number 91 is a first control unit, in which a bias rotation force that rotates this in a counterclockwise direction due to the elasticity of the flexible cable 65 is for example stored in a ROM. This bias rotation force is a DC component. This bias rotation force is obtained in the manner described below using the circuit structure shown in FIG. 2.
Initially, the current value during tracking using only the secondary magnetic drive unit 60 is averaged across all samples and this average value is then multiplied by the constant k described above, that is, the ratio of the torque constant of the primary magnetic drive unit 51 to the torque constant of the secondary magnetic drive unit 60, thus obtaining the current component to be applied to the primary magnetic drive unit 51.
It should be noted that the current component to be applied to the primary magnetic drive unit 51 changes depending on the track to be tracked. As a result, the current value during tracking using only the secondary magnetic drive unit 60 may be sampled at several tracks between the outer periphery and the inner periphery of the magnetic disk 45, kept as a table of current values with respect to each track, and the current value for tracks between sampled tracks approximated from the known sampled track values.
Additionally, the DC component applied to the primary magnetic drive unit 51 is not constant but is resought at appropriate time intervals, with the old information continually replaced with new information.
It should be noted that a bias rotation force caused by the elastic force of the flexible cable 65 and the airflow created by the high speed with which the magnetic disk 45 rotates acts on the head carriage 47, 47C to rotate the carriage 47, 47C.
In order to offset this bias rotation force the first control unit 91 generates a direct-current bias rotation force compensatory current a1 that is applied to the primary magnetic drive unit 51, thus causing the primary magnetic drive unit 51 to generate a torque exactly equal to the bias rotation force.
Reference number 92 is the second control unit, which generates a position correction current b1 when supplied with a position correction signal with respect to the magnetic head slider 42 target position obtained directly from the magnetic head slider 42 output. This position correction current b1 includes a high-frequency component. The position correction current b1 generated by the second control unit 92 is applied to the secondary magnetic drive unit 60, 60C.
During tracking, the primary magnetic drive unit 51 is driven by the drive signal a1 and the secondary magnetic drive unit 60, 60C is driven by the drive signal b1. The head carriage 47, 47C depicted in FIG. 3 and FIG. 7 is driven by the primary magnetic drive unit 51 and the secondary magnetic drive unit 60, 60C, and the magnetic head slider 42 tracks the track 45 a.
In the magnetic head carriage assembly 41, 41C depicted in FIG. 3 and FIG. 7, the rotational force that offsets the bias rotation force caused by the elastic force of the flexible cable 65 is augmented by the primary magnetic drive unit 51 having a large torque constant, and thus the secondary magnetic drive unit 60, 60C may generate an amount of torque that is less than the amount of torque that the secondary magnetic drive unit 60 ordinarily generates, the difference being equal to the bias rotation force.
Accordingly, as compared to a case in which tracking is carried out using only the secondary magnetic drive unit 60, with the configuration described above the amount of electricity consumed when tracking is reduced by an amount equivalent to the amount by which the torque constant of the primary magnetic drive unit 51 exceeds the torque constant of the secondary magnetic drive unit 60.
Specifically, as compared to the configuration of the previously submitted application, in which position correction is accomplished using only the secondary magnetic drive unit 60, 60C, the amount of power consumed is reduced by 50% or more.
It should be noted that the invention depicted in the block diagram shown in FIG. 1 and the invention depicted in the block diagram shown in FIG. 10 may be combined. By combining these inventions the amount of current applied to the secondary magnetic drive unit 60, 60C can be further reduced, and accordingly, the amount of power consumed during tracking can be reduced by 50% or more.
[0096]FIG. 11 is a block diagram for explaining a drive system of a second variation of a head carriage assembly according to a first embodiment of the present invention. As can be appreciated from the drawing, a position error signal is input into the second control unit 102 and the second control unit 102 outputs a control signal for controlling the tracking.
The first control unit 101 is provided so that the output of the second control unit 102 is input, and comprises a secondary magnetic drive unit displacement estimator 101 a for calculating the displacement of the secondary magnetic drive unit 60, 60C and a control signal calculator 101 b for calculating the input to the primary magnetic drive unit 51. The secondary magnetic drive unit displacement estimator 101 a is a filter modeling the position displacement transfer function for the secondary magnetic drive unit 60, 60C input. This partial position error signal is input to the second control unit 102 and the second control signal 102 outputs a control signal for controlling the tracking.
The primary magnetic drive unit 51 takes the displacement of the secondary magnetic drive unit 60 as the target value, and, accordingly, the circuit block depicted in FIG. 11 operates to reduce the current flowing to the secondary magnetic drive unit 60, 60C to zero. The result is that, the primary magnetic drive unit 51 drives the magnetic head slider 42 along the track 45 a in the low-frequency bands and the secondary magnetic drive unit 60 drives the magnetic head slider 42 along the track 45 a in the high-frequency bands.
As a result, the secondary magnetic drive unit 60, 60C consumes less power than when tracking is accomplished using the secondary magnetic drive unit 60, 60C alone, and accordingly, the entire tracking operation consumes less power.
It should be noted that a filter that has a high gain at rotational frequency may be provided on the first control unit 101 as a means of compensating for the eccentricity of the disk 45. In that case, the drive of the primary magnetic drive unit 51 more effectively corrects the eccentricity of the magnetic disk 45, that is, the magnetic head slider 42 accurately tracks the eccentricity of the track 45 a of the magnetic disk 45.
[0102]FIG. 12 is a block diagram for explaining a drive system of a third variation of a head carriage assembly according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The block diagram depicted in FIG. 12 is one in which a feed forward generator 110 has been added to the block diagram depicted in FIG. 11. The feed forward generator 110 has a memory. Information on the current for correcting the eccentricity of the magnetic disk as well as information on the current for offsetting the rotational force caused by the elastic force of the flexible cable 65 are stored in the memory. The feed forward generator 110 reads out this information when activating the primary magnetic drive unit 51.
During tracking, the output of the feed forward generator 110 is added to the output of the first control unit and supplied to the primary magnetic drive unit 51. As a result, during tracking the rotational force caused by the eccentricity of the magnetic disk and the elastic force of the flexible cable 65 is corrected mainly by the primary magnetic drive unit 51. As a result, the power consumption of the secondary magnetic drive unit 60, 60C having a small torque constant can be minimal, thus reducing power consumption during tracking by 50% or more.
[0104]FIG. 13 is a block diagram for explaining a drive system of a fourth variation of a head carriage assembly according to a first embodiment of the present invention. As can be appreciated from the diagram, a position error signal is input to a first control unit 111 and a second control unit 112. The first control unit 111 and the second control unit 112 can be designed without regard to the displacement of either the primary magnetic drive unit 51 or the secondary magnetic drive unit 60, 60C, and is of simple structure. Power consumption during tracking is reduced.
It should be noted that the feed forward generator 110 depicted in FIG. 12 may be added to the variation described above and depicted in FIG. 13.
A description will now be given of a head carriage assembly drive system according to a second embodiment of the present invention. For convenience, a description will be given of a magnetic head carriage assembly employing the head carriage assembly drive system according to this second embodiment of the present invention.
The drive system according to this second embodiment is the magnetic head carriage assembly 41 depicted in FIGS. 3A and 3B and FIG. 5 and the magnetic head carriage assembly 41(C) depicted in FIGS. 7A and 7B and FIG. 8, and is employed when performing a seek operation using the primary magnetic drive unit 51.
[0108]FIG. 14 is a block diagram for explaining a drive system of a head carriage assembly according to a second embodiment of the present invention. The seek operation is conducted by controlling the speed of movement of the head slider 42. Based on the information retrieved by the head slider 42, the position detection circuit 123 detects the position of the head slider 42, and based on the position information from the position detection circuit 123 the target speed generator 122 outputs a target speed signal, that is, a signal of the speed at which the head slider 42 should move in order to seek smoothly the seek target track based on the relation between the current position of the head slider 42 and the seek target track.
Additionally, the secondary magnetic drive unit 60, 60C generates a voltage proportional to the speed of movement of the head slider 42 by moving a coil within a magnetic field. That is, the secondary magnetic drive unit 60, 60C functions as a head slider 42 speed sensor. The voltage generated by the secondary magnetic drive unit 60, 60C is supplied to the speed detector 121, which then outputs a speed signal.
A target speed signal generated by the target speed generator 122 is subtracted from the speed signal generated by the speed detector 121 and the resulting signal is supplied to the speed control unit 120. The speed control signal generated from the speed control unit 120 activates the primary magnetic drive unit 51 which then operates to bring the speed of the head slider 42 nearer to the target speed, thus causing the head slider 42 to seek the target track at the target speed.
Conventionally, time information and position information gotten from the head slider 42 have been supplied to a DSP, the DSP activated, calculations performed and the head slider speed thereby obtained. The operation of activating the DSP and performing the calculations and thereby obtaining the speed of the head slider 42 has been performed at certain intervals. Accordingly, the head slider 42 speed information has been intermittent instead of continuous. Additionally, the calculated speed has often been very different from the actual speed. As a result, the smoothness with which the head slider 42 should seek the target track has not always been obtained.
By contrast, the present invention provides continuous head slider 42 speed information and a voltage proportionate to the speed is obtained directly. Accordingly, the head slider 42 seeks the target track more consistently smoothly than has been the case conventionally.
Additionally, the need for DSP calculations is eliminated, and thus the load on the servo system decreased thereby. For this reason, too, the head slider 42 seeks the target track more consistently smoothly than has been the case conventionally.
Additionally, it should be noted that reference number 124 in FIG. 14 is a read/write controller.
A description will now be given of a first variation of a head carriage assembly drive system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
The drive system according to this second embodiment is the magnetic head carriage assembly 41 depicted in FIGS. 3A and 3B and FIG. 5 and the magnetic head carriage assembly 41(C) depicted in FIGS. 7A and 7B and FIG. 8, and is employed when performing a tracking operation using the secondary magnetic drive unit 60, 60C.
[0117]FIG. 15 is a block diagram for explaining a drive system of this first variation of a head carriage assembly according to this second embodiment of the present invention.
The tracking operation is performed by activating the secondary magnetic drive unit 60, 60C in accordance with a signal from the controller 130. The primary magnetic drive unit 51 generates a voltage proportional to the speed of movement of the head slider by moving a coil within a magnetic field. That is, the primary magnetic drive unit 51 functions as a head slider 42 speed sensor. The voltage from the primary magnetic drive unit 51 is supplied to the speed detector 131 and a speed signal output from the speed detector 131.
The information acquired by the head slider 42 is supplied to the position detection circuit 132 and the position detection circuit 132 outputs position information.
The speed signal from the speed detector 131 and the position information from the position detection circuit 132 are fed back to the controller 130.
Conventionally, an observer was used in order to obtain the speed signal, with the observer estimating the speed of the head slider 42 from calculations based on the value of the current to the secondary magnetic drive unit 60, 60C and the position information from the position detection circuit 132. In the present invention the need for an estimator for velocity is eliminated, so the calculations performed by the estimator are also eliminated. Accordingly, according to the present embodiment the load on the servo system is reduced as compared to the conventional arrangement and highly accurate tracking can be achieved. Additionally, the speed can be obtained directly, making for a more robust servo system.
A description will now be given of a head carriage assembly drive system according to a third embodiment of the present invention. For convenience, a description will be given of a magnetic head carriage assembly employing the head carriage assembly drive system according to this third embodiment of the present invention.
The drive system according to this second embodiment is the magnetic head carriage assembly 41(C) depicted in FIGS. 7A and 7B and FIG. 8, and is employed when performing a tracking operation by having the primary magnetic drive unit 51 and the secondary magnetic drive unit 60C generate forces in mutually opposed directions as shown in FIGS. 17A and 17B.
The force constant of the primary magnetic drive unit 51 is KT1. The force constant of the secondary magnetic drive unit 60C is KT2, and is considerably smaller than the force constant KT1 of the primary magnetic drive unit 51. The force constant is expressed as a ratio of applied current to generated force.
[0125]FIG. 16 is a block diagram for explaining a drive system of a head carriage assembly according to this third embodiment of the present invention.
A gain G1 amplifier 141 is provided prior to the primary magnetic drive unit 51 and a gain G2 amplifier 142 is provided prior to the secondary magnetic drive unit 60C. Gain G1 and gain G2 are set so as to satisfy the equation G1:G2=KT2:KT1.
During operation, a position error signal that represents the difference between a target position signal and a position signal is applied to the control unit 140, and the control unit 140 outputs a drive current for tracking. This drive current is in one direction amplified by amplifier 141 to become drive current I1, which drive current I1 is supplied to the primary magnetic drive unit 51, and in another direction amplified by amplifier 142 to become drive current I2, which drive current I2 is supplied to the secondary magnetic drive unit 60C. Here, I1 and I2 represent current values.
The primary magnetic drive unit 51 is driven by drive current I1 and generates force F20. The secondary magnetic drive unit 60C is driven by drive current I2 and generates force F21. Force F20 is expressed as KT1×I1. Force F21 is expressed as KT2×I2. As indicated in FIGS. 17A and 17B, force F20 and force F21 are in opposed directions.
It should be noted that drive currents I1 and I2 are in the relationship of I1:I2=G1:G2. That is, drive currents I1 and I2 are in inverse proportion to primary magnetic drive unit 51 force constant KT1 and secondary magnetic drive unit 60C force constant KT2. Accordingly, force F20 and force F21 are of equal size. Accordingly, as depicted also in FIGS. 17A and 17B as well, the lateral force acting on the pivot 49 is cancelled out and only the torque of the periphery of the pivot 49 acts on the head carriage 47C. Accordingly, the lateral mode arising from the rigidity of the ball bearing is not excited and the servo bandwidth is increased, head slider 42 positioning accuracy is increased and tracking accuracy improved.
A description will now be given of a variation of the head carriage assembly drive system according to this third embodiment of the present invention.
[0131]FIG. 18 is a block diagram for explaining a drive system of this first variation of a head carriage assembly according to this third embodiment of the present invention. A first control unit 150 is provided prior to the primary magnetic drive unit 51 and a second control unit 151 is provided prior to the secondary magnetic drive unit 60C.
A position error signal, representing the difference between the target position signal and the position signal, is applied to the first control unit 150 and the second control unit 151. The first control unit 150 outputs the drive current I1 noted previously and the second control unit 151 outputs the drive current I2 noted previously. The primary magnetic drive unit 51 is driven by the drive current I1 and generates a force F20, and the secondary magnetic drive unit 60C is driven by the drive current I2 and generates a force F21.
Accordingly, the lateral force acting on the pivot 49 is extinguished, the drive force becomes pure torque, head slider 42 positioning accuracy is improved and tracking is conducted with greater accuracy.
The above operation may be limited to the vicinity of the frequency generated by the lateral mode arising from the rigidity of the ball bearing.
It should be noted that, in each of the above-described embodiments, instead of the magnetic head slider, it is possible to mount an optical head slider having an optical head integrated into the slider. Accordingly, the present invention can be implemented in devices such as a suspension for an optical head slider, an optical head slider supporting device and an optical disk drive.
The present application is based on Japanese priority application No. 11-31745 filed on Feb. 2, 1999, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
US7826210 * Jan 7, 2009 Nov 2, 2010 Dell Products L.P. Sliding front carriage for an information handling system chassis
US20100172076 * Jan 7, 2009 Jul 8, 2010 Dell Products L.P. Sliding Front Carriage for an Information Handling System Chassis
U.S. Classification 360/77.02, 360/78.12, G9B/5.187, 360/78.05
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:KOGANEZAWA, SHINJI;YAMADA, TOMOYOSHI;REEL/FRAME:010338/0385


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January 11, 2013 - 12 attended
Hoosier National Forest - Two Lakes Loop Trail - Advanced
Lapham Peak - Winter Backpacking Intro - One Night
Kettle Moraine (North Unit) - Adv/Int winter trip
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807 Chicagoans that like hanging out

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Kitchen - Complete Remodel - Contemporary - Kitchen - austin - by Custom Surface Solutions
Custom Surface SolutionsTile, Stone & Countertops	Email	Save to Ideabook2Ask a QuestionPrint	Kitchen - Complete Remodel
Custom Surface Solutions (www.css-tile.com) - Owner Craig Thompson (512) 430-1215. This album shows installation of 3" x 6" ceramic subway tile with glass tile accent. This was a complete kitchen remodel with Ikea cabinets and solid surface top. Recessed and pendant lighting added.	URL
Photos in KITCHEN - Complete Remodel With Subway and Glass Tile
Contemporary White Painted Kitchen
FIREPLACE - Mini-Ledger Stone Wall / Brick Pattern Stone Hearth
130849 Contemporary Kitchen photos	Bridgewater Contemporary Kitchens
Warm and Contemporary Remodel
back splash · backsplash · Glass Tile · Ikea · kitchen · kitchen tile · mosaic · quartz counter · remodel · sub-way · subway · Tile · tile backsplash · white cabinets · white tile	People viewed this after searching for:
recessed pendant light · solid surface tops · 3x6 ceramic · ceramic subway tile · ceramic subway · ikea cabinet · Leander Tile Studios	United StatesUnited KingdomAustraliaDeutschlandFrance COMPANY

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Amazon.com: Lion Brand Yarn 790-301B Homespun Yarn, Shaker
Lion Brand Yarn 790-301B Homespun Yarn, Shaker
This item: Lion Brand Yarn 790-301B Homespun Yarn, Shaker $5.97 This item is available because of the Add-on program
Lion Brand Yarn 620-152 Wool-Ease Yarn, Oxford Grey $3.99 This item is available because of the Add-on program
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$8.99 Prime Lion Brand Yarn 753-205S Tweed Stripes Yarn, Caribbean
$5.51 Lion Brand Yarn 620-152 Wool-Ease Yarn, Oxford Grey
$3.99 Lion Brand Homespun Yarn, Gemstones
$8.76 Prime Red Heart E300.0311 Super Saver Economy Yarn, White
$2.79 Lion Brand Yarn 881-206 Jamie Yarn, Mardi Gras
ASIN: B003D7YUPI
Item model number: 790-301B
Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #103,980 in Arts, Crafts & Sewing (See Top 100 in Arts, Crafts & Sewing)
$8.99 Prime Brilliance Pigment Inkpad-Pearlescent Lightning Black
$27.82 Prime Bulk Buy: Lion Brand Homespun Yarn (3-Pack) Tudor 790-315
$29.42 Prime Lion Brand Homespun Yarn, Gemstones
$8.76 Prime Lion Brand Yarn 753-205S Tweed Stripes Yarn, Caribbean
$5.51 Lion Brand Homespun Yarn, Calret
See all 217 customer reviews Makes a beautiful baby blanket.PamelaThis have texture, so you need to make sure to keep stitches loose and use care not to split yarn with the crochet hook.KatrinaLove this yarn, so soft and this color is beautiful!!Darlene Dean
18 of 19 people found the following review helpfulYarn takes getting used to. Shop around a little for better price.
on January 20, 2011Color Name: Candy Apple
As an avid crocheter I've used this yarn many times. Lion Brand Homespun is a very soft synthetic yarn, great for shawls, soft scarves and all things cozy.The downside is that it does take a little getting used to. Because of it's slippery soft texture and loosely wound fibers it can be difficult to see the spaces where you want to insert your needle or hook. Having said that, you do become accustomed to "feeling" where the appropriate space is. But for those who are perfectionists and/or need to count stitches exactly it can be a bit of a challenge. This is particularly true of the darker colors which make it even harder to see. I do know experienced knitters who dislike using it for those reasons.The only other thing I would say is, shop around for the price. $10.00+ for a skein is extremely expensive for this yarn. It is widely available in craft stores, department stores, and other places on the web. Basically, although it says "free shipping", you are paying anywhere from $4.- $6. extra per skein by buying it from amazon at these prices.The yarn gets a 4 star review from me for its general appearance when made into garments. It gets a 2-3 for ease of use, and a 1 for value at this price. I was on the fence about giving it a 2 or 3 score, but as I see the other review doesn't take any of the negatives into consideration, I went with the 2.
16 of 17 people found the following review helpfulAmbrosia: Yarn of the gods
P. Rebecca Maines
on March 2, 2015Color Name: Ambrosia
At a mere $70 (and change, but who's counting) per yard, this yarn is truly ambrosia. It's probably too expensive to knit with, but the yarn of the gods will grant you immortality, and who can put a price on that?It's called homespun, but it doesn't indicate which of the gods spun it. I'm guessing Ariadne, but the label doesn't specify, so buyer beware.
21 of 24 people found the following review helpfullove-hate relationship
on May 8, 2007Color Name: Tudor
I have a love-hate relationship with Lion Homespun yarn. You can make really nice, warm, fluffy stuff out of it; I've made some very gorgeous scarves.However, every once in a while (and this happened the first time I ever worked with it), you end up with a bad skein. It will bunch up while you're working with it. If you try to un-bunch it, it will eventually break. NOT good.So, use this yarn happily, and enjoy your finished product, but be forewarned: sometimes Lion Homespun can be evil.
8 of 8 people found the following review helpfulOverall love, with a few disadvantages
on October 31, 2012Color Name: Fiesta
I really love this yarn overall. I have knit four large shawls for my family members using this yarn and it comes together so beautifully. The colors are absolutely gorgeous. The shawls end up being very warm, incredibly soft, with a little bit of stretch to them. I love the finished look! Some negative aspects of the yarn include fraying and bunching. I find that the yarn bunches frequently, making it very hard to knit! I don't know if I am doing something wrong...but regardless, it is extremely annoying! However, it is important to note that the integrity of the scarf/shawl remained intact!
9 of 9 people found the following review helpfulwhoa
on March 3, 2015Color Name: Ambrosia
Does this come with a car at this price?
5 of 5 people found the following review helpfulThe only yarn I use
MrsStreck
on August 19, 2013Color Name: Harvest
Homespun yarn is the only yarn I buy anymore. Here are the reasons I love it...Positives:1. Interesting texture, thick, and super soft2. I'm OBSESSED with the colors. I can't get enough. They have 3 different types of colors; painterly, heathered, and multi-tweed. My favorite is the painterly colors (such as painted desert), which gradually change and are absolutely gorgeous!3. I personally don't like complicated patterns. Because of the texture and the changing colors, I can make something extremely simple and it still comes out beautiful.4. Because of the thickness and texture, you can't see knots or any type of yarn changes (or most mistakes).Negatives:1. It can be difficult to work with compared to more conventional yarns. It is best to have a larger hook. I am currently working with an L hook, but I have made scarves with a J hook just fine. Because it is so loosely wound, you will get little strands caught up on your hook often no matter what hook you use. I just got used to it, no big deal.2. The yarn will change thickness throughout the skein sometimes (I think especially with the painterly colors). It is minimum and you can't tell on your product, but it is somewhat worrisome when you get to the thinner part of the skein. It always works out though. The worst that can happen is it gets too thin and you just have to cut off the bad stuff and knot it back up where it is good again. Like I said above, you shouldn't be able to see it.3. It is difficult to see your stitches. You should only plan to do simple patterns with this yarn. When I first started working with it, I had the hardest time keeping my edge even while making scarves.Read more ›
11 of 13 people found the following review helpfulGreat for quick projects
TOP 500 REVIEWERVINE VOICE on April 21, 2010Color Name: Montana Sky
I don't generally like acrylic yarns but the thickness of this one makes it perfect for fast projects on big hooks or needles. It has a lot of texture so it's best for patterns that don't have a lot of detail. I use it for afghans and for very fast fashion scarves for my daughter.You do have to wash it carefully. It pills very badly sometimes.For the near instant gratification, it's a fun yarn to use occasionally, it won't replace the nicer yarns I use but it's a great option for teaching crochet or knitting.
Yarn requires a little bit of concentration to work with, because it tends to split, but it creates a soft and machine-washable fabric.
Published 2 days ago by Meagan Sneeringer
Lovely, frosty pink. Not coral, though. As I see it. :)
Published 10 days ago by SYLVIA VERRILL
Beautiful yarn and makes a gorgeous blanket
Published 10 days ago by Connie M. Barnes
NOT AT ALL as pictured color-wise.
I like the Homespun yarn. It has an interesting texture and is pleasingly soft. To call this color "fiesta" is rather misleading as the predominent effect of it on it's...
Published 18 days ago by J. Latham
Published 25 days ago by Dorothy Clarke
Definitely not the type yarn for beginners. If you don't know what you're doing it will snag and pull apart pretty easily.
Published 28 days ago by Kieataya
VERIFY COLORS BEFORE ORDERING!
I truly love Homespun yarn, it's soft and warm and looks amazing in even the simplest of stitches. Unfortunately, the yarn in the picture is NOT the correct colors for Windsor.
Published 1 month ago by Deborah L. Weaver-Gourd
Liked it, it came wrapped in plastic, I would have given it 5 stars but 1 roll was not the same all the way through.
Published 1 month ago by P.Pettitt
This yarn works up into beautiful pieces and the colors are nice. The yarn is warm and soft. However it pills horribly with very little wear.
Published 1 month ago by linda beam

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DRAPER EXPERT 30776 13pc METRIC 1/4" DRIVE HI-TORQ HEX SOCKETS | eBay Skip to main contenteBayShop by categoryEnter your search keywordAll CategoriesAdvanced or register':' style="margin-right:3px">Hello -User-.'.replace(/-User-/,escape(a)))+"")}catch(b){document.write("")}})();Hello (Sign in to bid or buy)Daily DealsSellHelp & ContactMy eBayExpand My eBaySummaryBids/OffersWatch ListWish ListAll ListsPurchase HistorySellingMy CollectionsFollowed SearchesMessagesCollect & Spend Learn moreNotification Back to home page
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People who viewed this item also viewedFeedback on our suggestionsBolt size and thread size tool Pro Gauge Metal type M4 M5 M6 M8 M10 £7.00+ £2.00 Metric & Whitworth Thread/Screw Pitch Gauge TE121£5.50+ £3.44Popular Draper Expert 30776 13 Piece 1/4" Square Drive Hi-Torq Hexagon Socket Set Tool£7.30+ £12.00 19PC AF IMPERIAL SAE 1/4" DEEP & SHALLOW DRIVE SOCKETS 5/32 - 1/2" Cr-v £12.99+ £5.99 Sealey IS1218D Impact Socket 18mm Deep 1/2"Sq Drive£6.13+ £2.00 Craftsman - 3/8" Drive 12 Point Sockets - MADE IN USA - Metric and SAE - NOS£3.84Free P&P DRAPER 51071 28 BLADE SCREWPITCH THREAD GAUGE UNF & UNC 4 - 62 TPI WAS 45440£5.65+ £9.15 Draper Expert 10 Piece Metric/AF - 1/4" Square Drive Deep Hi-Torq Sockets- 12705£14.89+ £9.99£22.27 Draper Expert 13 Piece Metric Socket Set 1/4" Drive Face Grip Hi-Torq 4-14mm£7.95+ £10.89 Draper 30776 EXPERT 13 PIECE 1/4" SQUARE DRIVE HI-TORQ® HEXAGON SOCKET SET £9.95+ £9.00 10PC AF IMPERIAL SAE 1/4" DRIVE SOCKETS 6 POINT 5/32 - 1/2" Cr-v £5.89+ £4.99 Snap-On TMM* Series Shallow Chrome 1/4" Drive Metric Sockets Various Sizes £7.70Free P&P Draper Expert 26pc 1/4" Drive Metric Ratchet Socket Set Tool Kit - 43675£39.35+ £30.30£52.08 10pc 1/2" Drive Socket Set 10 - 24mm Metric Sockets & Rail Crv Shallow 4-13£8.45+ £9.15Popular Fantastic! Hex Spline Imperial Metric Socket Set 1/4 DRIVE£14.22+ £8.00 SPONSOREDCT0905 12Pc 1/4" Drive Shallow Socket Set Multi Coloured Chrome Vanadium 4-13mm£8.99+ £4.99 Report item - opens in a new window or tab
eBay item number:322252591245
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St. Louis Pizza & Wings - St. Louis, MO | Groupon
4237 Bayless, St. Louis, MO 63123 4237 Bayless, St. Louis Directions
+13145446161
4237 Bayless,
Where to find a slice of cheesy goodness? Look no further than St. Louis Pizza & Wings in St. Louis. Your car or ours? You'll get the food either way via pickup or delivery.
Pizza Meal with 16" One-Topping Pizza, Menu Item $7.99 or Less & Large Salad at St. Louis Pizza & Wings ($31.97 Value)
$31.97 $15
Pizza, Wings, Subs, Italian, Sandwiches
This groupon is a really great deal for some really great food!!!!!
There food is the BEST!!!!
My order was ready on time and the pizza was warm. No problems at all. Good service. I recommend Bayless Pizza and Wings.
Very good pizza, and wings. Priced right good quality fast service
Great deal, though we weren't huge fans of the hand-tossed pizza. The wings were tasty though.
Pizza was great. Salad was wilted. Sauce on pasta was either curdled or separated. I would go back for pizza, but that would be the only thing.
Don't get extra cheese on pizzas. It's not necessary.
Located in St. Louis, St. Louis Pizza & Wings' homemade pizza is finger-licking good.
The dream is to eat an amazing meal for under $15, and at St. Louis Pizza & Wings, they are making dreams come true. Isn't it about time you stopped ordering just any old pizza place and went with St. Louis Pizza & Wings?
3 Chicken Wings. 5 Toasted Ravioli
Fresh romaine & iceberg lettuce w/ cheese.
Spicy Chicken Jaiapeno
Diced chicken, bacon & jalapeños spread over our own buffalo sauce then topped w/ our own blended cheese
16'' X-large
Lean sliced smoked Ham covered w/ cheese.
Spaghetti or Mostaccioli noodles covered w/ our seasoned meat sauce
Flora Terrace (1.6 mi)
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The 10 Closest Hotels to College Square Mall, Morristown - TripAdvisor
Best Hotels Near College Square Mall, Morristown, Tennessee
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value: This website is an American online travel company that operates a website and mobile app with user-generated content and a comparison shopping website.


text:
Smile She Said - Steve Knightley and Phil Beer Song - BBC Music The BBC has updated its cookie policy. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. This includes cookies from third party social media websites if you visit a page which contains embedded content from social media. Such third party cookies may track your use of the BBC website. We and our partners also use cookies to ensure we show you advertising that is relevant to you. If you continue without changing your settings, we'll assume that you are happy to receive all cookies on the BBC website. However, you can change your cookie settings at any time. Continue Change settings Find out more ]]> Accessibility links Skip to content Accessibility Help BBC iD Notifications
]]> Music Tracks Performances Playlists Artists More My Music Menu My Music Home Tracks Popular Find a Track Recommended Performances Popular All Recommended Playlists Featured All Recommended Artists Popular All Recommended More BBC Music News LIVE BBC Music My Generation BBC Introducing BBC Music in iPlayer BBC Proms Glastonbury BBC Performing Groups Sound Of 2017 My Music My Tracks My Performances My Interviews My Playlists My Artists Smile She Said Share this track Share this with Digg Facebook Google LinkedIn Reddit StumbleUpon Twitter Copy this link http://www.bbc.co.uk/music/records/nnpn4j Read more about sharing. Add Artist Steve Knightley and Phil Beer Languages:

value: This website is the BBC's online service. It is a large network of websites including such high-profile sites as BBC News and Sport, the on-demand video and radio services co-branded BBC iPlayer, the children's sites CBBC and CBeebies, and learning services such as Bitesize.


text:
Ed Hardy Women's Bags | eBay
Ed Hardy Women's Bags
Ed Hardy ‘Love Kills’ Handbag
Dual design shoulder bag Lime green canvas with gold leather detail Both sides of the bag have separate designs Mini Key holder bag attached Ed Hardy emblem chain also attached Comes with Ed Hardy duster storage bag Size roughly 37cm x 42 cm
Ending 22 Oct at 22:01 AEDST4d 6h
New listingnew RRP$70 ED HARDY FABRIC ROSE PRINT CLUTCH PURSE WALLET last
Gold/Grey shimmer print fabric with Rose print. Features dual use strap, Ed Hardy cotton lining, zip closure. Ed Hardy embroidered zipper strap and black hand strap with clip. No surprises! Not just pretty picture!
ED HARDY ETERNAL LOVE ANGES SHOULDER BAG. THE BACK OF THE SHOULDER BAG HAS ED HARDY PRINTED IN RED. IMPORTED FROM THE USA GENUINE ED HARDY. SEQUINED ETERNAL LOVE DESIGN PRINTED ON THE FRONT. At Willers we hope you will find the perfect item for yourself or a gift for someone you care about.
PU material (faux leather), Fold over reversible style, fabric lining, studded. stylish!
Ed Hardy byChristian Audigier Women'sTigarama Geri Satchel / shoulder bag.
Authentic Ed Hardy - generous sized barbara, clutch handbag in beautiful deep rose pink pattern with colourful motifs! New Authentic Ed HardyBarbara Clutch. 100% Authentic.
Ed Hardy byChristian Audigier Women'sPep Rally Whitney wristlet / shoulder bag.
Ed Hardy by Christian Audigier crossover,laptop/handbag authentic,tattoo design
Ed Hardy by Christian Audigier Messenger/ Lap Top/Book/Handbag. Tattoo Culture Design on front. Authentic item.
new RRP$70 ED HARDY FABRIC ROSE PRINT CLUTCH PURSE WALLET
ED HARDY 1971, yellow bag.
official ED HARDY bag. (yellow) never used.
Ed Hardy Women's 'Peace Paz' Carry On Bag. Whipstitch tassel and peace sign detail. Double braided handles and detachable shoulder strap. This tattoo-inspired graphics canvas bag features Zippered and slip inside pockets.
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Cabas bag "Ed Hardy" beige tiger (a4).. Shipping Included
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Ending 22 Oct at 21:27 AEDST4d 5h
New listingNWOT Large ED HARDY Tote/Shoulder Bag / Handbag
Shoulder straps drop 26cm. 1 zipped pocket internal. Measurement approx Depth (cm): 10. Width (cm): 35 (top/bottom).
Ending 24 Oct at 22:27 AEDST6d 6h


text:
Patent US7325133 - Mass subscriber management - Google Patents
An authentication and mass subscriber management technique is provided by employing a key table derived as a subset of a larger key pool, a network edge device, and authentication tokens attached on both the network edge device and on a subscriber's computing device. The network edge device and subscriber's...http://www.google.com/patents/US7325133?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7325133 - Mass subscriber management
Publication number US7325133 B2
Application number US 10/964,755
Also published as US8515078, US20050074122, US20080152140, US20110004759
Publication number 10964755, 964755, US 7325133 B2, US 7325133B2, US-B2-7325133, US7325133 B2, US7325133B2
Patent Citations (9), Referenced by (22), Classifications (24), Legal Events (4)
Mass subscriber management
US 7325133 B2
US9112905 Sep 23, 2011 Aug 18, 2015 Qualcomm Incorporated Authentication of access terminal identities in roaming networks
US9668128 * Aug 19, 2011 May 30, 2017 Qualcomm Incorporated Method for authentication of a remote station using a secure element
US20050169474 * Mar 25, 2005 Aug 4, 2005 Fujitsu Limited Distribution system
US20120233685 * Aug 19, 2011 Sep 13, 2012 Qualcomm Incorporated Method for authentication of a remote station using a secure element
U.S. Classification 713/168, 713/171, 380/270, 726/20, 726/9, 380/286, 713/169
International Classification G06F15/16, H04L9/00, H04K1/00, G06F12/00, H04L9/32, G11C7/00, G06F7/04, G06K9/00, G06K19/00, G06F7/58
Cooperative Classification H04L9/0838, H04L9/3234, H04L63/123, H04L2209/80, H04L63/083
European Classification H04L9/08, H04L63/08D

value: This website is a search engine provided by Google. Handling over 3.5 billion searches per day, it has a 92% share of the global search engine market.


text:
Words containing attirem | Words that contain attirem
Words containing attirem | Words that contain attirem http://www.thefreedictionary.com/words-containing-attiremPrinter Friendly
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Words containing attirem
Found 1 words containing attirem. Browse our Scrabble Word Finder, Words With Friends cheat dictionary, and WordHub word solver to find words that contain attirem. Or use our Unscramble word solver to find your best possible play! Related: Words that start with attirem
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value: This website is an American online dictionary and encyclopedia that aggregates information from various sources.


text:
9780133791006: College Accounting: A Practical Approach (13th Edition) - AbeBooks - Jeffrey Slater: 0133791009
Jeffrey Slater College Accounting: A Practical Approach (13th Edition)
ISBN 13: 9780133791006
College Accounting: A Practical Approach (13th Edition)
ISBN 10: 0133791009 ISBN 13: 9780133791006
This title is also available with MyAccountingLab – an online homework, tutorial, and assessment program designed to work with this text to engage students and improve results. Within its structured environment, students practice what they learn, test their understanding, and pursue a personalized study plan that helps them better absorb course material and understand difficult concepts. www.myaccountinglab.com
Jeff Slater teaches at the North Shore Community College in Danver, Massachusetts, where he was voted Teacher of the Year. Additionally, he has acted as a consultant for the federal office of personnel management, training personnel in government bookkeeping and accounting. Jeff has traveled the country speaking about class retention in Accounting courses.
He has been author or co-author of over ten college textbooks, including the following Pearson titles:
Jeff lives with his wife Shelley and Golden Doodle Bernie. He has two children: Abby and Russell, and four grandchildren: Matt, Mia, Sam, and Hope. In his spare time, he enjoys collecting vintage toys and vintage auto parts.
1. College Accounting: A Practical Approach (13th Edition) + WORKING PAPERS
Book Description Pearson, 2015. Hardcover. Condition: New. 13th Edition. Text is in excellent condition, INSTRUCTOR DESK COPY, EXACT SAME as STUDENT COPY + WORKING PAPERS.NO ACCESS CODES ETC. all orders shipped daily via USPS and tracking data is emailed to you once the order is shipped. Seller Inventory # 005505
2. College Accounting: A Practical Approach (13th Edition) + WORKING PAPERS
Book Description Pearson, 2015. Hardcover. Condition: New. 13th Edition. Text is in excellent condition + WORKING PAPERS.NO ACCESS CODES ETC. all orders shipped daily via USPS and tracking data is emailed to you once the order is shipped. Seller Inventory # 005559
3. College Accounting: A Practical Approach (13th Edition)
Book Description Pearson, 2015. Hardcover. Condition: New. Brand New, Gift conditionWe Ship Every Day! Free Tracking Number Included! International Buyers Are Welcome! Satisfaction Guaranteed!. Seller Inventory # 30676570980t
4. College Accounting: A Practical Approach (13th Edition)
Book Description Pearson, 2015. Hardcover. Condition: New. Never used!. Seller Inventory # P110133791009
5. College Accounting: A Practical Approach (13th Edition)
Book Description Pearson. Hardcover. Condition: New. 0133791009 ****WARNING**** INSTRUCTORS COPY. IDENTICAL STUDENT CONTENT. INCLUDES WORKING PAPERS!! SHIPS SAME OR NEXT BUSINESS DAY WITH DELIVERY CONFIRMATION !!!!!. Seller Inventory # SKU1029204
6. College Accounting Format: Hardcover
Book Description Prentice Hall. Condition: New. Brand New. Seller Inventory # 0133791009
7. College Accounting: A Practical Approach (13th Edition)
Book Description Pearson. Hardcover. Condition: New. 0133791009 BRAND NEW W/FAST SHIPPING! This item is: College Accounting: A Practical Approach, 13th Ed., 2016, by Slater, Jeffrey; FORMAT: Hardcover; ISBN: 9780133791006. Choose Expedited for fastest shipping! Our 98%+ rating proves our commitment! We cannot ship to PO Boxes/APO address. To avoid ordering the wrong item, please check your item's ISBN number!. Seller Inventory # P9780133791006
8. College Accounting: A Practical Approach (13th Edition)
Book Description Pearson. Hardcover. Condition: New. 0133791009 New US Edition Textbook, Ships with Emailed Tracking from USA. Seller Inventory # Z0133791009ZN
9. College Accounting: A Practical Approach (Hardback)
Book Description Pearson Education (US), United States, 2015. Hardback. Condition: New. 13th edition. Language: English . This book usually ship within 10-15 business days and we will endeavor to dispatch orders quicker than this where possible. Brand New Book. > Fundamental Accounting Principles College Accounting: A Practical Approach provides a strong foundation in the basics of accounting. The material is organized in a clear, easy-to-follow format, and each chapter contains a plethora of learning tools and practice materials to help students immediately put their skills to use. The Thirteenth Edition stays current with modern accounting tools and techniques and includes new computer workshops using Sage 50 and QuickBooks. Students are also introduced to new trends in banking technology and updated tax information. Also available with MyAccountingLab This title is also available with MyAccountingLab - an online homework, tutorial, and assessment program designed to work with this text to engage students and improve results. Within its structured environment, students practice what they learn, test their understanding, and pursue a personalized study plan that helps them better absorb course material and understand difficult concepts. You are purchasing a standalone product; MyAccountingLab does not come packaged with this content. If you would like to purchase both the physical text and MyAccountingLab, search for ISBN-10: 013407730X / ISBN-13: 9780134077307 College Accounting: A Practical Approach Plus MyAccountingLab with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package, 13/e. That package includes ISBN-10: 0133791009 / ISBN-13: 9780133791006 College Accounting: A Practical Approach and ISBN-10: 0133792978 / ISBN-13: 9780133792973 MyAccountingLab with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package.MyAccountingLab should only be purchased when required by an instructor. Seller Inventory # BTE9780133791006
US$ 307.55
10. College Accounting: A Practical Approach (Hardback)
Book Description Pearson Education (US), United States, 2015. Hardback. Condition: New. 13th edition. Language: English . Brand New Book. > Fundamental Accounting Principles College Accounting: A Practical Approach provides a strong foundation in the basics of accounting. The material is organized in a clear, easy-to-follow format, and each chapter contains a plethora of learning tools and practice materials to help students immediately put their skills to use. The Thirteenth Edition stays current with modern accounting tools and techniques and includes new computer workshops using Sage 50 and QuickBooks. Students are also introduced to new trends in banking technology and updated tax information. Also available with MyAccountingLab This title is also available with MyAccountingLab - an online homework, tutorial, and assessment program designed to work with this text to engage students and improve results. Within its structured environment, students practice what they learn, test their understanding, and pursue a personalized study plan that helps them better absorb course material and understand difficult concepts. You are purchasing a standalone product; MyAccountingLab does not come packaged with this content. If you would like to purchase both the physical text and MyAccountingLab, search for ISBN-10: 013407730X / ISBN-13: 9780134077307 College Accounting: A Practical Approach Plus MyAccountingLab with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package, 13/e. That package includes ISBN-10: 0133791009 / ISBN-13: 9780133791006 College Accounting: A Practical Approach and ISBN-10: 0133792978 / ISBN-13: 9780133792973 MyAccountingLab with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package.MyAccountingLab should only be purchased when required by an instructor. Seller Inventory # BZV9780133791006

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text:
BBB Business Profile | MAIL UNLIMITED
Home > Missouri > Independence > Mail Box Rental > MAIL UNLIMITED
(816) 257-5422
17521 E 24 HWY

value: This website is a private, nonprofit organization whose self-described mission is to focus on advancing marketplace trust, consisting of 106 independently incorporated local BBB organizations in the United States and Canada, coordinated under the International Association of Better Business Bureaus  in Arlington, Virginia.The Better Business Bureau is not affiliated with any governmental agency. Businesses that affiliate with the BBB and adhere to its standards do so through industry self-regulation.


text:
6th Annual Circus Festival Tickets, Sun, Jul 30, 2017 at 12:00 PM | Eventbrite
Sunday, July 30, 2017 from 12:00 PM to 4:00 PM (PDT)
Share 6th Annual Circus Festival
The Bayview Opera House (BVOH) in collaboration with NOW Hunter's Point are proud to present Bayview Hunters Point’s 6th annual Summer Circus Festival.
Doors to this free family-friendly event will open at 12pm. Event goers will be able to enjoy a myriad of activities from hobnobbing with stilt walkers and eating treats from local vendors: Old Skool Cafe and Yvonne's Southern Sweets. Children will have a blast riding the giant Fun Slide, riding a curcus train, playing circus games and more.
All rides and activities are free, bring cash for food.
The Circus performances will begin at 1:45 pm, opening with the Prescott Circus Theatre, a non-profit organization aiming to empower and engage youth through circus and theater arts education.
Circus Bella will perform their most recent production "Bay City Rhapsody" immediately following the Prescott Circus Theater. The production translates the magic of daily city life into circus infused with the poetry, live music, and comedy using static trapeze, rope walking, a 9-person juggling act, contortion, hula hoop, original clowning, a live band playing originally composed music, and more.
When: Sunday, July 30, 12pm-4pm (circus performance begins 1:45pm).
155 Jennings Street @ Cargo Way, San Francisco 94124
Features: Circus performance, Giant Fun Slide, Train Rides, Games, Art Activities, Face painting, Food and Drink from local vendors
Parking: Limited street parking available. Free valet bike parking provided by the SF Bicycle Coalition.
Founded in 1989 to manage programs from the historic 1888 South San Francisco Opera House, Bayview Opera House, Inc. (BVOH) is a 501 (c) (3) organization with a mission to serve as the hub for Art and Culture in the Bayview Hunters Point community. The building has been closed for the past two years for upgrades and re-opened September 2016 with a refurbished and fully ADA accessible facility.
Supported in part by the San Francisco Arts Commission and Grants for the Arts.
www.nowhunterspoint.org
Have questions about 6th Annual Circus Festival? Contact Bayview Opera House & NOW Hunters Point

value: This website is an American event management and ticketing website. The service allows users to browse, create, and promote local events.