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SFGTV2 : September 8, 2012 6:00pm-6:30pm PDT : Free Streaming : Internet Archive
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broken, because most of the people that have drug addictions are people that are broken, and just simply releasing them on to the streets or lowering the level of penalty without having services that recognize those people need a lot of help and that we have to be there in order to support them is not necessarily a good policy either and i think that could also create some serious problems for us. i am supporting 1506 because i believe it starts to take us in the right direction. i don't believe that 1506 is necessarily the destination. i see 1506 as the beginning of a journey that we all have to embark together. when we start looking at drug addiction and the impacts of drug use as more of a health issue than as a criminal issue. having said that, i recognize we're not there yet and there's a lot of work that needs to be done. i believe 1506 begins to take us in that direction and why i'm supporting and why i'm here today.
[applause] >> i'm wondering if you might be able to place this in a larger context for us, you heard george gascon's remarks. are they shared by folks in other states who have moved towards a similar type measure? >> there are a growing small but growing number of other district attorneys around the country in albany county, new york, in philadelphia, in atlanta, dallas, who are really beginning to break ranks with the broader d.a.'s associations and call for various types of reforms for the drug laws and drug enforcement. i think that the -- one of the contexts that's so important here and people so often lose sight of is that this bill, 1506, is a small effort in the state of california and in the country of the united states to try to roll back the horrendous rates of incarceration that have happened in this country
over the last 30 years. i mean, that's the context, right? the united states, i think most of you know these numbers now, but we're less than 5% of the world's population but almost 25% of the world's incarcerated population. we rank first in the world in the per capita incarceration of our fellow citizens. the russians are fading fast in second or third place together with the belarus people. the rates of the incarceration are five, six, seven, eight times than most in other societies, europe and elsewhere, though their rates of nonviolent crime and drug use are not that much different than ours. so if another country were to lock up its own people at the rate that we do, and if our rates of incarceration were more normative to the rest of the world, we would regard with that other country was doing as a massive violation of human rights. that's the way we would look at it. now, the other point here is
what we're doing is not even consistent with american history. i mean, we had 500,000 people behind bars in 1980 and now we have 2.3 million, 2.4 million people behind bars and almost have 5,000 people behind bars just for a drug violation. there are as many people behind bars for a drug violation than we had for everything in 1980. it's not consistent with global standards and not consistent with our own history. it's costing a vast amount of money and i think what you see is for some of the d.a.'s and others are beginning to say enough is enough. we're seeing prison populations beginning to decline but when it comes down to the question, who are the first people we should stop putting behind bars? who is the people who really don't belong there? it's people whose only offense is possession of a substance to put in their own body, right? that's the first group that needs to be let out. [applause] >> marty, let me ask you, you're obviously part of the
california district attorney's association, as we were talking before the panel began, you shared with me that your organization has previously supported a measure that mark leno brought forward to lower the punishment for possession of less than an ounce of marijuana to a misdemeanor to an infraction. in this case your organization is essentially opposed to it. what do you say to mr. adelman and mr. gascon? >> i think one of the things i want to point out is that in terms of the changes currently taking place in california's criminal justice system is that we have embarked on a very, very large experiment and that's called realignment. prison population in california is going to approach by -- or sometime next year the federal mandate of 130,000.
we've already released some 50,000 individuals to serve their time locally, and these offenses that we were talking about here are currently in the list of offenses that were to be served in county jails now. and if the notion here is to provide services and treatment to these individuals from a practical point of view, and i lean heavily on my experience as a misdemeanor prosecutor for all those years when we did possession offenses, when we tried many, many under the influence offenses, especially heroin, i don't see that under the current system that reducing these penalties from felony to misdemeanor is going to have any incentive for this
population to obtain treatment. i also do not agree that under this measure that locally there will be additional moneys available for treatment. i noticed in the list of supporters for senator leno's measure, it's heavily supported by people in the treatment community. i think that that's great because we all understand that treatment does work. treatment in these forms of addiction will help these people get on track because they are broken. i think there is a general understanding among the prosecution community that that is the case, that treatment is the goal. but in my mind and in the minds of the majority of the d.a.'s around the state, the current state of misdemeanors and with our county jails being overcrowded, no person
sentenced to a misdemeanor offense is going to do any jail time whatsoever. if they don't have jail as an incentive to engage in treatment, then there's nothing there, other than their own will to finally do something about their addiction. >> let me just ask you as a follow-up, what do you say, then, that the only thing -- if you're saying that currently being charged with a felony is going to result in drug treatment or maybe a sentence that isn't going to send someone to state prison, what do you say to someone that says well, what do you do with the felony conviction? you're making a lot of felons out of people who are committing simple drug offenses. >> i think probably if you were to look at a lot of individuals who end up getting convicted of possession, the arrest charge was probably either possession
for sales or sales case, and the individual took a deal for simple possession. i think that you still have the majority of those individuals who were incarcerated with state prison for possession either had strike priors, serious offenses, or they had pled down from a sales case. >> tal, let me ask you to respond to perhaps marty's point. you're a deputy public offender in san francisco and you've handled dozens of drug case, drug possession cases, you've been -- a lot of people caught their attention when you were quoted in the press saying the way we handle drug enforcement here in california is in effect a war on crumbs instead of the often used phrase on drugs. how do you respond to his
remarks? >> well, i think the first thing that we have to recognize is that the majority of people who are caught up in the criminal justice system and who are prosecuted for this type of offense for possession offenses and to some degree possession for sale offenses, the vast majority are indigent people and the vast majority of those indigent people are people of color. so what you have are two systems in place. you have a system where privileged white middle class people basically use drugs, college campuses, frat parties, not clubs, they use drug with impunity, they don't have to worry about being caught. then you have a system that comes down like a ton of bricks on indigent poor people and that's one of the reasons why i think this type of reform is a positive first step because if you aren't going to make drug possession illegal, at least make it a misdemeanor and not a
felony. at least don't stigmatize and label an entire population of people as felons and prevent them from getting housing, getting an education -- [applause] >> i guess the question is of fairness. you shouldn't have two systems, one where based on your race or class you can access treatment and move on with your life and another one where because of law enforcement tactics and focus, you end up caught up in a system where you can never move on. you're permanently trapped and weighed down by having a felony conviction. the reason i call it a war on crumbs is the type of people we see at the hall of justice, i brought with me some props. i brought with me a sweetener packet. this is a gram of sweetener. most of the time this is on the high end of the amount of
narcotics we see people in possession of. sometimes people have two or three sweetener packages on them and we call them drug dealers, you know. that's why we call it a war on crumbs because the amounts we are talking about are mine us schedule. -- minnesota us schedule. the fact -- are miniscule. and based on less than a packet of sweetener, to me is outrageous. and to me this is a positive first step, in my opinion, because at least you remove some of the stigma attached to this type of issue which in my opinion should be a public health issue. it's a public health issue for a certain segment of the community and should be a public health community issue for everybody. [applause] >> tal, let me follow up and just say opponents of mark leno's measure would say it's
not the amount of drug that somebody is in possession of, the fact that they're using drugs indicates they've got to find a way to supply themselves with ongoing, you know, sources of drugs or by taking the drugs, they're going to place themselves in a state that makes them more likely to commit crime. is this a valid argument? >> well, i think there are -- i think not everybody who uses drug is a drug addict. and there's a segment of the population that recreationally uses narcotics and don't necessarily need treatment and they certainly don't need a felony conviction. that having been said, if you are an addict, it doesn't make any sense to turn you into a felon addict. we just heard that person before very eloquently talk about spending most of his life incarcerated. and he's made it. but the fact of the matter is, encumbrance of a felony
conviction is so debilitating. countless of times you run into people who can't get housing, can't get education, can't get jobs, it's a trap. if we deal with addiction it makes no sense to turn an addict into a felon. [applause] >> chief, you've been committed to evidence-based practices in your administration of the adult probation department. to what extent does that inform your approach when you look at senator leno's measure and deciding whether or not to support it? >> my view is not only from evidence-based practices but also from spending almost 30 years working in the california prison system, managing prisons, working in prisons, performing oversight, and what i know and what i can definitively say after 30 years is that prison does not address
more change behavior. in fact, it actually, for those who do have addictions and illnesses, in fact it actually makes them worse. it's like sending individuals that have a sickness to criminal camp, they learn how to be better criminals but still don't get their addiction addressed. and the research out there tells us that incapacitation, period, does not change behavior. it also tells us that basically what changes behavior is approximate 200 hours of intensive treatment. and you do not have to go to prisoner jail in order to get those services, but yet we're spending $56,000 a year, and in fact, overcrowded are prisons so much the supreme court had to weigh in basically and put a cap on the state prison system which still, their plan, they're working towards it but not getting there. realignment took us in a good direction in terms of trying to
reduce the population that's going to state prison, but i think what 1506 does is it takes that next step to say we really need to look at a criminal justice system, you know, what we're doing, who we're sending into prison or to jail and what we're spending our money on. and evidence-based practices tells us that the majority of these individuals, they need treatment. and they need intensive treatment and they're more cost-effective and provides a better return on investment to the taxpayers to provide intensive services as well as then it reduces the victimization because you don't have addicts out there stealing to support the habit and other subsequent crimes. and in addition to that, dealing with the addiction breaks the cycle of crime and breaks that inner generational cycle that exists, looking in prisons and managing them, i've seen generations of families come through the system. and it's because their
behavior, their addictions have not been appropriately dealt with. and we researched, we've seen millions in the prison system researching substance abuse treatment. and what we know and what the research told us was the fact that it wasn't putting somebody in prison and it wasn't the amount of treatment in prisoner jail that changed the behavior, it was the treatment out in the community after that individual was released and had to deal with life stressors. so what evidence -- practices tells us is that there is a more effective way in which we can get a better return on our investment, 1506 is one of those strategies and it also reduces victimization and breaks the cycle of crime so we don't have the next generation coming into the system. >> let me ask you this, it seems that over the years there's been an acceptance that somebody could be on probation and perhaps get caught when
they give, let's say, urine tests or whatever is the requirement of their probation, but let's say a dirty test, testing positive for marijuana and slowly over the years it seems like the probation department gave that less importance. there was a time when that would have been treated as a violation, over time it hasn't been treated as a very serious violation. tal raised the issue about responsible drug use, and when we get into the area of heroin or cocaine or other drugs, are you seeing that there are some probationers that can in fact use these substances in a recreational manner and still be otherwise law-abiding? >> well, first i'll say as an officer of the court, my job is to, of course, enforce the law, but with that said, i think what probation has realized, and not just san francisco
probation, i think we're a very progressive leader, is the fact that there are underlying problems that are causing the drug usage. there is trauma out there. people talk about rehabilitating but in reality, for the majority of our clients, you know, they haven't been rehabilitated in the first place. the circumstances in which they grew up, the lack of parenting, the lack of role modeling, we talk about being disadvantaged which i completely agree with. all we have to do is take a look at the demographics of our adult population, 60% are african-americans. and, you know, that begins to tell the story. and so while our job is responsible for certainly holding the clients in compliance with their term and condition which no drug usage would be one of them, we also recognize that we have to deal with the underlying problem, just not lock people up. because that's not going to deal with the problem and not going to change the behavior. i think that's what we've
learned to focus on is what can we do, what kind of intervention to create a strength-based approach to where we're providing rewards, also when someone is doing good and recognizing their progress, not just sanctioning them when in fact they relapse because relapse is a fact, and it's part and parcel to addiction recovery. >> george, let me ask you, marty raisesed the point that the reason that we need felony possibilities with drug possession offenses is that we need an incentive for people to choose treatment when they are charged with a crime. do you agree with them [ >> i don't. i understand where marty is coming from. i think we have to make sure when we're treating this as a misdemeanor we do have a tool to ensure that people who need treatment are going to be afforded the opportunity and are going to have treatment. i also agree with tal, not
necessarily everybody that uses drugs is an addict, and not necessarily everybody who uses drugs needs to have treatment. but having said that, people that we often come in contact with will be people who have a severe drug abuse problem and generally they also have a mental health issue problem, there are often housing problems, employment, many other problems, and that's the population we deal with often. and i think that figuring a way to have an intervention so that services are available for those that need it i think is really important. i don't necessarily agree a felony conviction is the vehicle to do so, but i think we have to make sure that as we lower the sanctions here, that we do have the tools and that we have the ability to distinguish between people that have a drug addiction problem, people that are using drugs recreationally and otherwise are a functional person. >> we're going to be taking audience questions shortly, so
if you have a question, just try to get the attention of someone in the aisles. ethan, let me ask you this. you know, in california, there are a number of offenses, drug possession offenses, that are punished already as misdemeanors. i think met amphetamine, p.c.p., i think valium, certain steroids, and yet we treat as felonies, the possession of cocaine and heroin as felonies. did you see this kind of discrepancy in the other states that your organization has worked to -- >> matt, if i could, i think the perspective i could offer would be more useful in that is really putting what the u.s. is doing, california is doing in a more global perspective. because what one sees around the world is a growing number of countries that are choosing
to decriminalize the possession of all drugs, when the proposals now are merging -- new jersey did this a few years ago in a small way, colombia, argentina, ecuador, guatemala, some with right wing governments, very tough on crime, and in europe, similarly. it's not generally the standards to be putting people behind bars for a possession of any drug in small amounts for one's own personal use. and perhaps the paramount example of success in this regard is portugal. portugal 11 years ago decriminalized the possession of all drugs in personal use amounts. drug selling is illegal and you can still be arrested for that. they began doing evaluations a few years ago. you do not go to jail for possession of any drug in a small amount. and you are not drug tested. nobody gets thrown back in for dirty urines and all this sort of stuff. it's now been in place for 11 years. the research on that, and i recommend the piece in the
british journal of crin knowledge and kid send it to -- cridge -- criminolgy. cases of h.i.v. and hepc and crime went down and people continued to seek treatment, that the rates of drug use in portugal did not go up at the same rates as comparable countries in europe. that suggests powerful evidence that you cannot just turn smling from a felony to a misdemeanor but eliminate the criminalization of drug possession, small amounts, without suffering negative consequences in terms of public health or public safety. now, when marty said before about people have no incentive to go into drug treatment, you know, if i could, it reminded me of the comedian, when you said all you have is humor, a hammer and everything looks like a nail, i think the perspective for prosecutors is when all you have is a criminal sanction, everything looks like
a nail. and the only way to get people into treatment is threaten them with a criminal sanction. tens of millions of people have gone to a.a. and n.a. without the criminal sanction. and when you have evidence -- i remember this, one of the first exchange programs at tacoma, washington, what they found was the needle exchange program was the principal point of source of recommendations into drug treatment. think about it. people come to a needle exchange program so they can safely use their drugs without getting an infection and spreading it to other people. there is no coercion involved. it is the most important you can have for someone who is a known drug user what that suggests is that when people need to get help, when people are trying to get better, what they most need is to have the opportunity to find their own dignity, their own self, their own worth. having a judge or prosecutor with a hammer over your head saying you better be clear or
i'm throwing you in jail. you better give me clean urines or i'm throwing you in jail. that may work for some people but that's no reason to make it a one size fits all model. in fact, huge numbers do seek out treatment whether it's 12 step or anything else, if that treatment is respectful, if it's quality, if it has evidence of success. we do not need the criminal sanction in order to get people into drug treatment. [applause] >> i find it relatively interesting that we have on the books, and it was passed by the people of california initiative, proposition 36, which provided a means for individuals to give treatment and avoid the criminal sanction. we have practically every county around the state has both preplea or foast plea
diversion programs for individuals who are charged with felony possession can complete that program and not have that conviction. and yet this overlays now under senator leno's bill, this would create a parallel system but only for misdemeanors. and i note the only sanction for an individual who refuses probation for a misdemeanor is to pay a $500 drug program fee, or if it's a second offense, he gets charged with $1,500. but if he accepts probation, then the fee is cut down to $250 or $500 for a second or subsequent offense. now, where are these individuals? the majority of whom are involved in this trade are
indigents. where is this money going to come from? there's already an escape provision for ability to pay that a judge has to consider whether or not these individuals have that ability to pay. so again, i get back to we've got these programs that allow an escape from the criminal sanction and people don't take advantage of it. maybe i am looking at the fact that with a hammer, everything out there is a nail. but i just don't see senator leno's legislation fostering any different. now, if you're talking ultimately decriminalization, because i think this is where this is headed, then that's a different story. >> marty, let me just ask you, has your organization put together any information that would counter claims that
decriminalization in this manner has been successful in these other states that have moved in that direction? >> we have not. we have not done any white papers on that issue. >> wendy, can you respond to marty's last argument? he's in effect saying if you come into the criminal justice system with a drug possession charge as a felony, you probably won't end up with a felony conviction if you're willing to seek treatment and very unlikely you would go to prison. you agree with that? >> i think it depends on which county you're in. i think san francisco is the only county in the state that currently has a prop 36 court that is still actively working because the state has defunded all the prop 36 courts in efforts across the state. so i think this provides senator leno's bill really does
the right thing and tries to move in a direction that's not contingent to how much money is available within one jurisdiction or not and actually frees up $64 million of general fund at the state level that could be reinvested into services. i know when you look at realignment, for example, here in san francisco, a 1/3 of our plan, a third of our dollars for realignment has been invested in substance abuse treatment, mental health treatment and housing but we've made that choice. i think if you compare us, though, to many other jurisdictions, we have a collaborative court continuum that is unmatched in other parts of the state. so i think to say they wood, it's not happening. and if you look at other jurisdictions throughout the state, you'll find heavy incarceration rates and not used. in fact the prosecutor is not using those programs.
September 8, 2012 6:00pm-6:30pm PDT

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Amazon.com: Customer Reviews: Pearl Izumi Women's Silklite Sock,White,Medium
Pearl Izumi Women's Silklite Sock,White,Medium
Customer Reviews294.5 out of 5 stars5 star224 star23 star22 star31 star0Pearl Izumi Women's Silklite Sock,White,MediumbyPearl iZUMiSize: MediumColor: WhiteChangePrice:$6.75 + Free shipping with Amazon PrimeYour rating(Clear)Rate this item
Most helpful positive reviewSee all 24 positive reviews› 10 of 11 people found the following review helpful5Super ComfortableByS.K.on December 20, 2012I love these socks. The material is silky smooth and thin. They do not bunch up and they keep the feet dry. I usually wear a 7 or 7 1/2 shoe size. I have the socks in both small and medium. I prefer the small.
Most helpful critical reviewSee all 5 critical reviews› 3A ride must, a good sockByKmacon December 21, 2012Need to have a good wicking sock for rides. Thin for hot days. My feet do feel sweaty when I take off my shoes. I found a wool wicking sock works better for me
10 of 11 people found the following review helpful5Super ComfortableByS.K.on December 20, 2012Size: SmallColor: WhiteVerified PurchaseI love these socks. The material is silky smooth and thin. They do not bunch up and they keep the feet dry. I usually wear a 7 or 7 1/2 shoe size. I have the socks in both small and medium. I prefer the small.0CommentWas this review helpful to you?YesNoSending feedback...Thank you for your feedback.Sorry, we failed to record your vote. Please try againReport abusePlease write at least one wordYou must purchase at least one item from Amazon to post a commentA problem occurred while submitting your comment. Please try again later.Sign in and comment
There was a problem loading comments right now. Please try again later.Show more comments4 of 4 people found the following review helpful5Perfect!ByCourtney Lon November 10, 2013Size: MediumColor: Scuba BlueVerified PurchaseI wear a size 9 womens shoe and the medium was the perfect fit. I have washed them probably 5 times now and they haven't stretched out or worn in any way. They are super comfortable in my bike shoes and very thin yet wicking. I have added 3 more pairs to my wish list.0CommentWas this review helpful to you?YesNoSending feedback...Thank you for your feedback.Sorry, we failed to record your vote. Please try againReport abusePlease write at least one wordYou must purchase at least one item from Amazon to post a commentA problem occurred while submitting your comment. Please try again later.Sign in and comment
There was a problem loading comments right now. Please try again later.Show more comments4 of 5 people found the following review helpful5Everything expectedByPCon December 26, 2012Size: LargeColor: WhiteVerified PurchaseThese socks wash well and fit nicely. I would certainly choose them again and would recommend them highly. I wear a woman's 10.5 shoe making these just the right size.0CommentWas this review helpful to you?YesNoSending feedback...Thank you for your feedback.Sorry, we failed to record your vote. Please try againReport abusePlease write at least one wordYou must purchase at least one item from Amazon to post a commentA problem occurred while submitting your comment. Please try again later.Sign in and comment
There was a problem loading comments right now. Please try again later.Show more comments1 of 1 people found the following review helpful5Nice weight & fitByCookieWon June 5, 2013Size: SmallColor: Pink PunchVerified PurchaseI have pretty small feet. The standard "one size fits all" doesn't. Was looking for a lightweight, small sock & chose these. These are great.0CommentWas this review helpful to you?YesNoSending feedback...Thank you for your feedback.Sorry, we failed to record your vote. Please try againReport abusePlease write at least one wordYou must purchase at least one item from Amazon to post a commentA problem occurred while submitting your comment. Please try again later.Sign in and comment
There was a problem loading comments right now. Please try again later.Show more comments5comfortable socksByDyna309on July 8, 2014Size: SmallColor: WhiteVerified PurchaseComfy, fits well and that is important because I have very small feet.0CommentWas this review helpful to you?YesNoSending feedback...Thank you for your feedback.Sorry, we failed to record your vote. Please try againReport abusePlease write at least one wordYou must purchase at least one item from Amazon to post a commentA problem occurred while submitting your comment. Please try again later.Sign in and comment
There was a problem loading comments right now. Please try again later.Show more comments5Five StarsByMoabGalon July 7, 2014Size: LargeColor: Dazzling BlueVerified PurchaseVery comfy!0CommentWas this review helpful to you?YesNoSending feedback...Thank you for your feedback.Sorry, we failed to record your vote. Please try againReport abusePlease write at least one wordYou must purchase at least one item from Amazon to post a commentA problem occurred while submitting your comment. Please try again later.Sign in and comment
There was a problem loading comments right now. Please try again later.Show more comments2Review of Silklite SocksByChristopher Samon April 13, 2014Size: SmallColor: WhiteVerified PurchaseWife wore them for a week or so and stopped. Said that her feet sweated in the socks and caused her feet to keep sliding around in her shoes.0CommentWas this review helpful to you?YesNoSending feedback...Thank you for your feedback.Sorry, we failed to record your vote. Please try againReport abusePlease write at least one wordYou must purchase at least one item from Amazon to post a commentA problem occurred while submitting your comment. Please try again later.Sign in and comment
There was a problem loading comments right now. Please try again later.Show more comments4great colors and warmByRoberto Fallati "Abob"on April 12, 2014Size: MediumColor: Scuba BlueVerified Purchaseused as a liner for other socks in cold climates, these work very wellthey seem to "wick away" moisture from the foot0CommentWas this review helpful to you?YesNoSending feedback...Thank you for your feedback.Sorry, we failed to record your vote. Please try againReport abusePlease write at least one wordYou must purchase at least one item from Amazon to post a commentA problem occurred while submitting your comment. Please try again later.Sign in and comment
There was a problem loading comments right now. Please try again later.Show more comments5Just rightBy1stormyon April 2, 2014Size: MediumColor: WhiteVerified PurchaseI love these socks for riding. They are tight but not binding. I like the feel in my bike shoes.0CommentWas this review helpful to you?YesNoSending feedback...Thank you for your feedback.Sorry, we failed to record your vote. Please try againReport abusePlease write at least one wordYou must purchase at least one item from Amazon to post a commentA problem occurred while submitting your comment. Please try again later.Sign in and comment
There was a problem loading comments right now. Please try again later.Show more comments5Perfect for SpinningByTCon March 9, 2014Size: SmallColor: WhiteVerified PurchaseVery soft and smooth. Even though it is thin, it is very absorbent. Does not add bulk and no seams that dig into your feet.0CommentWas this review helpful to you?YesNoSending feedback...Thank you for your feedback.Sorry, we failed to record your vote. Please try againReport abusePlease write at least one wordYou must purchase at least one item from Amazon to post a commentA problem occurred while submitting your comment. Please try again later.Sign in and comment
Pearl Izumi Women's W Attack Low Socks (3-Pack) by Pearl iZUMi
Pearl Izumi - Ride Women's Elite Low Socks by Pearl iZUMi
Pearl Izumi - Ride Women's Elite Socks by Pearl iZUMi
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Patent US5438025 - Silicon oxycarbonitride by pyrolysis of polycyclosiloxanes in ammonia - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsAn improved fiber reinforced glass composite includes a refractory fiber in a matrix of a nitrogen-containing black glass ceramic having the empirical formula SiNz Cx Oy where x ranges from greater than zero up to about 2.0, preferably 0.1 to 1.0, y ranges from 0.5 up to about 3.0, preferably 0.7 to...http://www.google.com/patents/US5438025?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5438025 - Silicon oxycarbonitride by pyrolysis of polycyclosiloxanes in ammoniaAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS5438025 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 08/166,428Publication dateAug 1, 1995Filing dateDec 14, 1993Priority dateMay 29, 1992Fee statusLapsedAlso published asCA2133979A1, DE69211716D1, DE69211716T2, EP0642474A1, EP0642474B1, US5322825, WO1993024423A1Publication number08166428, 166428, US 5438025 A, US 5438025A, US-A-5438025, US5438025 A, US5438025AInventorsRoger Yu-Kwan Leung, Jon F. Nebo, Stephen T. GonczyOriginal AssigneeAlliedsignal Inc.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (13), Non-Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (18), Classifications (21), Legal Events (6) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetSilicon oxycarbonitride by pyrolysis of polycyclosiloxanes in ammonia
6. The composite of claim 5 wherein said polymer is pyrolyzed in an atmosphere containing greater than zero up to 100% ammonia to a temperature in the range of about 800� C. to about 1400� C.
8. The composite of claim 5 wherein said polymer contains the moieties ##STR6## where R� is the unreacted residue of an alkene having 2 to 20 carbon atomsR" is H, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or an alkene having 2 to 20 carbon atoms. Description
The polymer precursors may also be described as containing the following moieties ##STR2## where R� is
R� will be the residue of R and R' described above. Thus, R� may be of the unreacted residue of an alkene having 2 to 20 carbon atoms containing unsaturation in addition to the reactive vinyl group. The polymer product is pyrolyzed in an ammonia-containing atmosphere to a temperature in the range of about 800� C. to about 1400� C. to produce a nitrogen-containing black glass containing up to about 20 wt. % nitrogen.
The ceramic used as the matrix has an empirical formula SiNz Cx Oy wherein x ranges from greater than zero up to about 2.0, preferably 0.1-1.0, y ranges from 0.5 up to about 3.0, preferably 0.7-1.8, and z ranges from greater than zero up to about 1.5, preferably 0.2 to 1.0. The carbon content ranges up to about 30% by weight and the nitrogen content up to about 20% by weight. The ceramic is the product of the pyrolysis in an ammonia-containing atmosphere at temperatures between about 800� C. and about 1400� C. of a polymer made from certain siloxane monomers.
The polymer precursor of the ceramic may be prepared by subjecting a mixture containing cyclosiloxanes of from 3 to 30 silicon atoms to a temperature in the range of from about 10� C. to about 300� C. in the presence of 1-200 wt. ppm of a platinum hydrosilylation catalyst for a time in the range of from about 1 minute to about 600 minutes. The polymer formation takes advantage of the fact that a silicon-hydride will react with a silicon-vinyl group to form a silicon-carbon-carbon-silicon bonded chain, thereby forming a network polymer. For this reason, each monomer cyclosiloxane must contain either a silicon-hydride bond or a silicon-vinyl bond or both. A silicon-hydride bond refers to a silicon atom bonded directly to a hydrogen atom and a silicon-vinyl bond refers to a silicon atom bonded directly to an alkene carbon, i.e., it is connected to another carbon atom by a double bond.
The polymer precursors may also be described as containing the following moleties ##STR4## where R� is the unreacted residue of an alkene having 2 to 20 carbon atoms
Since the cyclosiloxane molecules are linked by the reaction of a hydrogen atom from one molecule and an alkene from the other, the residual group R� is derived from species of R and R' previously described. Thus, R� could be hydrogen or an alkyl group of 1 to 18 carbon atoms or an alkene group of 1 to 18 carbon atoms containing unsaturation in addition to the reactive vinyl silane group.
Black glass precursor polymer may be prepared from either bulk or solution polymerization. In bulk polymerization, neat monomer liquid, i.e., without the presence of solvents reacts to form oligomers or high molecular weight polymers. In bulk polymerization, a solid gel can be formed without entrapping solvent. If the neat monomer is advanced to a viscosity of about 2-600 cp (mPa�s), it is particularly useful for impregnating porous composites to increase density. Solution polymerization refers to polymerizing monomers in the presence of an unreactive solvent. The resin used in impregnating fibers to form prepreg in our invention preferably is prepared by solution polymerization. The advantage of solution polymerization is the ease of controlling resin characteristics. It is possible but very difficult to produce B-stage resin suitable for prepregs with consistent characteristics by bulk polymerization. In the present invention, soluble resin with the desirable viscosity, tackiness, and flowability suitable for prepregging and laminating can be obtained consistently using solution polymerization process. The production of easily handleable and consistent resin is very critical in composite fabrication.
Large and complex shape components can be fabricated from laminating prepregs. One method is hand lay-up which involves placing the resin-impregnated prepregs manually in an open mold. Several plies of prepregs cut to the desired shape are laid-up to achieve the required thickness of the component. Fiber orientation can be tailored to give maximum strength in the preferred direction. Fibers can be oriented unidirectionally [0], at 90� angles [0/90], at 45� angles [0/45 or 45/90], and in other combinations as desired. The laid-up plies are then bonded by vacuum compaction before autoclave curing. Another fabrication method is tape laying which uses pre-impregnated ribbons in forming composites. The resins can be controlled to provide the desired tackiness and viscosity in the prepreg for the lay-up procedures.
Heating the green composite to temperatures from about 800� C. up to about 1400� C. in an ammonia-containing atmosphere (pyrolysis) converts the polymer into a nitrogen-containing ceramic (i.e., silicon oxycarbonitride) containing essentially only silicon, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen. The atmosphere may contain only ammonia or alternatively may include inert gases such as nitrogen or argon. At least 10% ammonia is preferred. Mixtures of ammonia with hydrogen or with hydrogen and nitrogen may also be used. It is characteristic of the ceramic prepared by pyrolyzing the cyclosiloxanes described above in ammonia that the resulting black glass has a large nitrogen content, but is able to withstand exposure to temperatures up to about 1500� C. in air without oxidizing to a significant degree. Pyrolysis is usually carried out with a heating to the maximum temperature selected, holding at that temperature for a period of time determined by the size of the structure, and then cooling to room temperature. Little bulk shrinkage is observed for the black glass composites and the resulting structure typically has about 70-80% of its theoretical density.
The cyclosiloxane having silicon-vinyl bond was poly(vinylmethylcyclosiloxane) (MVCS). The cyclosiloxane with a silicon-hydride bond was poly(methylhydrocyclosiloxane) (HMCS). Both cyclosiloxanes were mixtures of oligomers, about 85% by weight being the cyclotetramer with the remainder being principally the cyclopentamer and cyclohexamer. A volume ratio of 59 MVCS/41 HMCS was dissolved in isooctane to make a 10 vol. percent solution. Twenty-two (22) wt. ppm of platinum (based on the cyclosiloxane) as a platinum-cyclovinyimethylcyclosiloxane complex was added as a catalyst. The solution was heated to reflux conditions (about 100� C.) and refluxed for about 2 hours. Then, the solution was concentrated in a rotary evaporator at 50� C. to a 25-35% concentration suitable for use in prepregging. The resin produced was poly(methylmethylenecyclosiloxane) (PMMCS). It was tacky at room temperature and was flowable at temperatures of about 60� C. or higher under pressure and thus was suitable for use as a B stage resin.
60 mL of methylvinylcyclosiloxane (MVCS) was mixed with 40 mL of hydromethylcyclosiloxane (HMCS). After adding 0.6 mL of 0.55% platinum solution, the mixture was gelled in five hours at 55� C. The solid gel (PMMCS monolith) was post-cured at 100� C. for about 1 hour. One third of the monolith was ground into PMMCS powders.
A B-stage resin was prepared separately using the same ratio of MVCS, HMCS and Pt catalyst. The monomers and catalyst were charged into a glass vessel and mixed with 85.5 wt. % isooctane. After reflux at 100� C. for 65 minutes, the solution was siphoned out from the hot vessel. A green laminate was fabricated using prepreg made of Nextel™ 480 impregnated with the B-stage resin. (Nextel ™ 480 is an alumina borosilicate fiber supplied by 3M.)
Three samples were pyrolyzed in ammonia: PMMCS monolith, PMMCS powders, and one PMMCS/Nextel 480 bar (0.1 in.�0.25 in. �2 in.)(2.5 mm�6.4 mm�50.8 mm). The flow rate of the ammonia was about 1 liter per minute. The samples were heated to 850� C. in 4 hours, followed by a hold at temperature for 1/2 hour. The brown to black products resulting from pyrolysis of PMMCS were submitted for carbon-hydrogen-nitrogen (CHN) and Leco carbon analysis. The char yields and the weight percents of the elements as determined with Leco IR-212 and Leco CHN-600 equipment are shown in the following table:
The pyrolysis of precursor polymers in an ammonia atmosphere was carried out at temperatures of 850� C., 1200� C., and 1350� C. to study the effect of temperature on ceramic formation. Again, both powder and monolithic forms of the precursor polymer were used. The results are given in the following table.
TABLE B______________________________________Temp./5Ramp                                     Nitro-Hr.    Sample1              Yield   Carbon2                             Silicon3                                    gen4______________________________________850� C./  Powder-top  82%     5.47   46.1   19.017 hr                      wt. %  wt. %  wt. %850� C./  Powder-     82%     5.47   46.5   NA17 hr  bottom              wt. %  wt. %1200� C./  Powder      78%     NA     NA     19.76 hr                                     wt. %1300� C./  Powder      78%     3.56   NA     NA7 hr                       wt. %1300� C./  Monolith    77%     5.19   NA     19.77 hr                       wt. %         wt. %  Si3 N4    <0.5%  NA     39.5  (Comparative)                     wt. %  Black glass         25.7%  NA     <0.5  (Comparative)                     wt. %______________________________________ 1 "Powdertop": top layer; "Powderbottom": bottom layer. 2 Determined from IR212 (1900� C./Oxygen). 3 Determined by atomic absorption. 4 Determined by Leco nitrogen analysis. 5 Maximum temperature achieved after continuous rise over period of time shown.
Char yields decreased by 4% as the pyrolysis temperatures increased from 850� C. to 12000�-1350� C. By comparing the char yields, it may be concluded that the high temperature ammonia reaction with PMMCS is completed by 1200� C. Carbon content of the ceramic products was 4-6 percent by weight. It can be seen that about 20 weight percent of nitrogen can be incorporated into the silicon oxycarbonitride made from ammonia pyrolysis. The nitrogen content did not change significantly as the pyrolysis temperature was raised from 850� C. to 1200� C. For comparison, silicon nitride contains 40 wt. % nitrogen whereas the conventional black glass ceramic has essentially no nitrogen in its structure. The empirical formula of the silicon oxycarbonitride after 850�-1300� C. pyrolysis was SiN0.87 O1.16 C0.29.
Solid state 29 Si NMR analysis of the 850� C. sample was made, which showed multiple broad peaks between -30 ppm and -120 ppm. The 29 Si NMR spectrum is shown in FIG. 1. The NMR spectra was deconvoluted into four major peaks and two minor peaks. The chemical shifts and intensities were:
The silicon oxycarbonitride prepared by pyrolysis at 1200� C. in ammonia was heated in flowing air in a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The TGA thermogram was shown in FIG. 2. The sample was heated to 1150� C. at a rate of 20� C./minute. The weight change was less than 1%, showing the thermal stability of the sample in oxidizing atmosphere.
Eight 8 in.�8 in. (203 mm�203 mm) plies of precursor resin-impregnated carbon-coated Nicalon™ prepreg were cut from a prepreg sheet. (Nicalon™ is a silicon carbide fiber supplied by Dow Corning.) The fabric used had a 8 harness satin weave and the resin content of the prepreg was 50 wt. %. The eight plies were laid up, vacuum compacted, and then autoclaved using the following cycle:
(1) apply 20 psig (138 kPa) pressure and heat to 1500� F. (66� C.) in 30 minutes,
(2) hold at 1500� F. (66� C.) for 30 minutes,
Two samples of silicon oxycarbonitride were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Sample A was pyrolyzed in ammonia at 1200� C. whereas Sample B was pyrolyzed also in ammonia but only to 850� C. The following table shows the char yield and nitrogen content obtained by Leco nitrogen analysis.
Four samples were heated in air at 1500� C. for 4 hours to check the thermal stability of the materials. Two samples were conventional black glass produced by pyrolysis in nitrogen of the polymer precursor of Example 1. The third sample was produced by pyrolysis in ammonia at 1200� C. The fourth sample for comparison was fused silica. The weight loss results were:
TABLE I______________________________________Sample                  Wt. Loss______________________________________black glass powder (26 wt. % carbon)                   -1.3%black glass rod (26 wt. % carbon & prior                   <0.1%heat-treated in air at 1000� C.)SiOCN powder (1200� C./5% carbon)                   -0.1%fused silica rod        <0.1%______________________________________
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS4460638 *Apr 6, 1983Jul 17, 1984Dow Corning CorporationFiber reinforced glass matrix compositesUS5051215 *Mar 21, 1990Sep 24, 1991Dow Corning CorporationCuring preceramic polymers by exposure to nitrogen dioxideUS5128494 *Apr 21, 1989Jul 7, 1992Sri InternationalHydridosiloxanes as precursors to ceramic productsUS5242866 *Jan 9, 1987Sep 7, 1993Allied-Signal Inc.Carbon-containing black glass monolithsUS5244720 *Apr 19, 1991Sep 14, 1993Allied-Signal Inc.Fiber-reinforced glass composite for protecting polymeric substratesUS5246738 *Apr 17, 1992Sep 21, 1993Sri InternationalHydridosiloxanes as precursors to ceramic productsUS5266533 *Apr 2, 1992Nov 30, 1993Allied-Signal Inc.Black glass ceramic from rapid pyrolysis in oxygen-containing atmospheresUS5279780 *Jul 22, 1992Jan 18, 1994Dow Corning CorporationPreparation of polycrystalline ceramic fibersDE3736914A1 *Oct 30, 1987May 5, 1988Shinetsu Chemical CoVerfahren zur herstellung von organischen silazanpolymeren und daraus gebildeten keramikmaterialienEP0251678A2 *Jun 24, 1987Jan 7, 1988Dow Corning CorporationCeramic materials from polycarbosilanesEP0412428A1 *Aug 1, 1990Feb 13, 1991Peter Prof. Dr. GreilCeramic composite bodies and process for their productionWO1990010596A1 *Mar 14, 1990Sep 20, 1990Tsl Group PlcImproved vitreous silica productsWO1990012835A2 *Mar 27, 1990Nov 1, 1990Sri InternationalHydridosiloxanes as precursors to ceramic products* Cited by examinerNon-Patent CitationsReference1 *Chemical Abstracts, vol. 110, No. 8, Feb. 20, 1989, Columbus, Ohio Abstract No. 62312b.2P. J. Heimann et al., "Polymeric Routes to Silicon Carbide and Silicon Oxycarbide CMC", Ceramic Eng. & Sc. Proceedings, vol. 12, No. 7/8 8/91 p. 1292-1303.3 *P. J. Heimann et al., Polymeric Routes to Silicon Carbide and Silicon Oxycarbide CMC , Ceramic Eng. & Sc. Proceedings, vol. 12, No. 7/8 8/91 p. 1292 1303.4 *Prewo et al., Ceramic Bulletin, vol. 65, No. 2, 1986 no month.* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS5587345 *Jun 5, 1995Dec 24, 1996Alliedsignal Inc.High flexural strength carbon fiber reinforced silicon carboxide compositeUS5669401 *Sep 22, 1995Sep 23, 1997Mansur Industries Inc.General washer apparatusUS6462371 *Jan 13, 1999Oct 8, 2002Micron Technology Inc.Films doped with carbon for use in integrated circuit technologyUS6713807Aug 28, 2002Mar 30, 2004Micron Technology, Inc.Films doped with carbon for use in integrated circuit technologyUS6784121 *Oct 23, 1998Aug 31, 2004Texas Instruments IncorporatedIntegrated circuit dielectric and methodUS6963101Mar 2, 2004Nov 8, 2005Micron Technology, Inc.Films doped with carbon for use in integrated circuit technologyUS7144545 *Nov 8, 2002Dec 5, 2006Ab SkfProcess for the production of ceramic bearing componentsUS7282439Aug 31, 2005Oct 16, 2007Micron Technology, Inc.Anti-reflective coating doped with carbon for use in integrated circuit technology and method of formationUS8859037Jan 12, 2005Oct 14, 2014The Boeing CompanyMethod for manufacturing ceramic matrix composite structuresUS20020190409 *Jun 17, 2002Dec 19, 2002Burdsall Charles W.Method for reinforcing ceramic composites and ceramic composites including an improved reinforcement systemUS20030114294 *Nov 8, 2002Jun 19, 2003Jurgen GegnerProcess for the production of ceramic bearing components and resulting productUS20040164336 *Mar 2, 2004Aug 26, 2004Micron Technology, Inc.Films doped with carbon for use in integrated circuit technologyUS20060009028 *Aug 31, 2005Jan 12, 2006Weimer Ronald AAnti-reflective coating doped with carbon for use in integrated circuit technology and method of formationUS20100003402 *Jan 7, 2010Stout Jeffrey BMethod for manufacturing ceramic matrix composite structuresUS20150020545 *Jan 31, 2013Jan 22, 2015Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies AlternativesCrucible for Solidifying a Silicon IngotWO2006076069A1 *Nov 9, 2005Jul 20, 2006The Boeing CompanyMethod for manufacturing ceramic matrix composite structuresWO2012025905A1Aug 26, 2011Mar 1, 2012Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies AlternativesCrucible for solidifying a silicon ingotWO2014179662A3 *May 2, 2014Dec 31, 2014Melior Technology, Inc.Polysilocarb materials and methods* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification501/96.5, 501/87, 501/95.2International ClassificationC04B35/571, C08G77/48, C08G77/50, C04B35/56, C04B35/589, C04B35/80, C03C14/00, C03C10/00, C04B35/58Cooperative ClassificationC04B35/806, C03C2214/03, C03C2214/20, C03C10/0009, C03C14/002, C03C2214/02European ClassificationC03C10/00B, C03C14/00B, C04B35/80DLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionJan 16, 1996CCCertificate of correctionJan 28, 1999FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Dec 30, 2002FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Feb 14, 2007REMIMaintenance fee reminder mailedAug 1, 2007LAPSLapse for failure to pay maintenance feesSep 18, 2007FPExpired due to failure to pay maintenance feeEffective date: 20070801RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services

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F.Growing Strength of Retailers for Emerging Issues in International Marketing-17.02
Welcome to Scribd, the world's digital library. Read, publish, and share books and documents. See moreDownloadStandard viewFull view of .Look up keyword or sectionLike thisShare on social networks11Activity×Share to your social networks.TweetEmbedTable Of ContentsA. Accelerated Growth of GlobalB.Breaking Down of Marketing BoundariesE. Product Proliferation and ShorteningF.Growing Strength of RetailersG.Emergence of Knowledge EconomyH.Increasing Customer SophisticationJ.Growing Awareness of Corporate
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The fast changing environmental factors havesignificantly influenced the global marketingactivitiesThe major emerging issues in internationalmarkets may be summarized in the followingmanner.
elerated Growth of Global MarketsB
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Patent US7376130 - System for enhancing data transfer - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsHigh-speed data transfer rates are provided between a central office and customer premise equipment with a multiplexer that is interposed between the central office and the customer premise equipment, and that functions as a remote access node. The multiplexer communicates at high data rates via downstream...http://www.google.com/patents/US7376130?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7376130 - System for enhancing data transferAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS7376130 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 10/744,023Publication dateMay 20, 2008Filing dateDec 22, 2003Priority dateSep 13, 2001Fee statusPaidAlso published asUS6798769, US20040146072, WO2003024013A2, WO2003024013A3Publication number10744023, 744023, US 7376130 B2, US 7376130B2, US-B2-7376130, US7376130 B2, US7376130B2InventorsP. Michael FarmwaldOriginal AssigneeUtstarcom, Inc.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (17), Non-Patent Citations (7), Referenced by (6), Classifications (21), Legal Events (10) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetSystem for enhancing data transfer
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS4730311Oct 25, 1985Mar 8, 1988Pacific BellRemote multiplexer for digital telephone systemUS5260937Oct 29, 1990Nov 9, 1993Dsc Communications CorporationPower conserving technique for a communications terminal time slot interchangerUS5390239Mar 17, 1994Feb 14, 1995Morris; Gregory A.Method for increasing digital data throughput over telephone linesUS5668857 *Mar 29, 1996Sep 16, 1997Netspeed, Inc.Communication server apparatus and methodUS5898761Jan 10, 1997Apr 27, 1999Cisco Technology, Inc.Communication server apparatus using digital signal switching and methodUS5905778Feb 6, 1998May 18, 1999Shires; Mark RichardNotification apparatus for outbound data communication systemUS5923671Jul 22, 1996Jul 13, 1999At&T CorpCoupling multiple low data rate lines to effect high data rate communicationUS6005873Aug 26, 1998Dec 21, 1999Eci Telecom Ltd.Apparatus and method for concurrent voice and data transmissionUS6009106Nov 19, 1997Dec 28, 1999Digi International, Inc.Dynamic bandwidth allocation within a communications channelUS6061392Nov 3, 1997May 9, 2000Paradyne CorporationApparatus and method for communicating voice and data between a customer premises and a central officeUS6160808Dec 18, 1997Dec 12, 20003Com CorporationTechnique for transmitting incoming multi-link point-to-point (PPP) packet traffic over multiple outgoing links in a multi-link bundleUS6198749Apr 3, 1997Mar 6, 2001Nortel Networks LimitedSystem for inverse multiplexing analog channelsUS6373852Jul 15, 1996Apr 16, 2002At&T Corp.Coupling multiple low data rate lines to effect high data rate communicationUS6490727 *Oct 7, 1999Dec 3, 2002Harmonic, Inc.Distributed termination system for two-way hybrid networksUS7023875 *Sep 7, 2001Apr 4, 2006AlcatelTelecommunications system and subscriber equipment thereforUS7099349 *Mar 10, 1999Aug 29, 2006Qwest Communications International Inc.xDSL-based communication systemUSH1175Jul 3, 1989Apr 6, 1993The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The NavyDynamic channel selection system* Cited by examinerNon-Patent CitationsReference1"Connection Optimized Link Technology," White Paper, Ramp Networks, 6 pages, 1998.2"CopperEdge(R) 200 RT DSL Concentrator," 4, pages, Aug. 2001.3"Dualing Modems Reach 112 K," Wired News, wysiwyg://2/http://www.wired.com/new/technology/o,1282,34084,00.html; 3 pages, Feb. 3, 2000.4"Multi-Tenant Unit Profitability Analysis," 10 pages, Dec. 2000.5"Powerful Internet and Remote Access Platform," WebRamp 361i, 2 pages, Mar. 2000.6"SupraSonic Dual Modem: Twice is Nice," PCWorld.com wysiwyg://17/http://www.pcworld.com/news/article.asp?aid=7551; 3 pages, Jul. 27, 1998.7XCel(TM) & GDSL(R) System V.90 RIs2 Analog Modem Support, GoDigital Networks-Technical Note, 7 pages, Jan. 23, 2001.Referenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS8300541Oct 30, 2012Time Warner Cable Inc.Apparatus and methods for utilizing statistical multiplexing to ensure quality of service in a networkUS9167470 *Aug 5, 2011Oct 20, 2015Htc CorporationHandling signaling congestion and related communication deviceUS9344348 *Sep 9, 2011May 17, 2016British Telecommunications Public Limited CompanyManaging the quality of service levels (QoS) of network trafficUS20090207866 *Feb 19, 2008Aug 20, 2009Chris CholasApparatus and methods for utilizing statistical multiplexing to ensure quality of service in a networkUS20120033551 *Feb 9, 2012Liao Ching-YuHandling Signaling Congestion And Related Communication DeviceUS20130191537 *Sep 9, 2011Jul 25, 2013Anton Radostinovinch IvanovCommunications network* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification370/352, 370/485, 370/532International ClassificationH04L12/28, H04J3/04, H04M7/00, H04L12/66, H04Q11/04Cooperative ClassificationH04L12/2856, H04Q2213/13039, H04Q2213/13389, H04Q11/04, H04Q2213/13199, H04M7/121, H04L12/2859, H04L12/2889European ClassificationH04Q11/04, H04L12/28P1, H04M7/12H2, H04L12/28P1B1, H04L12/28P1D2B1Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionJun 22, 2005ASAssignmentOwner name: UTSTARCOM, INC., CALIFORNIAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:PEDESTAL NETWORKS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:016164/0961Effective date: 20050617Aug 8, 2005ASAssignmentOwner name: PEDESTAL NETWORKS INCORPORATED, CALIFORNIAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:FARMWALD, P. 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User talk:WhyDontYouGoTherInstead? - Wikipedia
User talk:WhyDontYouGoTherInstead?
Hello, WhyDontYouGoTherInstead?, and Welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions to this free encyclopedia. If you decide that you need help, check out Getting Help below, ask me on my talk page, or place {{Help me}} on your talk page and ask your question there. Please remember to sign your name on talk pages by using four tildes (~~~~) or by clicking if shown; this will automatically produce your username and the date. Also, please do your best to always fill in the edit summary field with your edits. Below are some useful links to facilitate your involvement. Happy editing! Gogo Dodo (talk) 00:05, 14 November 2012 (UTC)
Hello, I'm Gogo Dodo. I noticed that you recently made an edit that seemed to be a test. Your test worked! If you want more practice editing, the sandbox is the best place to do so. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thank you. -- Gogo Dodo (talk) 00:05, 14 November 2012 (UTC)
Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Important Bird Area with this edit. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. JRHorse (talk) 00:11, 14 November 2012 (UTC)
Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at Major general, you may be blocked from editing.
Your edits have been automatically marked as vandalism and have been automatically reverted. The following is the log entry regarding this vandalism: Major general was changed by WhyDontYouGoTherInstead? (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.872296 on 2012-11-14T00:13:40+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk) 00:13, 14 November 2012 (UTC)
This is your last warning. You may be blocked from editing without further warning the next time you vandalize a page, as you did with this edit to Bad Days. JRHorse (talk) 00:16, 14 November 2012 (UTC)
You have been blocked indefinitely from editing because your account is being used only for vandalism. If you think there are good reasons why you should be unblocked, you may appeal this block by adding below this notice the text {{unblock|reason=Your reason here ~~~~}}, but you should read the guide to appealing blocks first. Gogo Dodo (talk) 00:19, 14 November 2012 (UTC)
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