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New toy came (GP) Can't decide between this or my old gat =( : paintballjump to contentmy subredditsannouncementsArtAskRedditaskscienceawwblogbookscreepydataisbeautifulDIYDocumentariesEarthPornexplainlikeimfiveFitnessfoodfunnyFuturologygadgetsgamingGetMotivatedgifshistoryIAmAInternetIsBeautifulJokesLifeProTipslistentothismildlyinterestingmoviesMusicnewsnosleepnottheonionOldSchoolCoolpersonalfinancephilosophyphotoshopbattlespicsscienceShowerthoughtsspacesportstelevisiontifutodayilearnedTwoXChromosomesUpliftingNewsvideosworldnewsWritingPromptsedit subscriptionsfront-all-random | Futurology-Art-personalfinance-movies-creepy-Fitness-space-listentothis-news-food-books-gifs-worldnews-science-AskReddit-TwoXChromosomes-todayilearned-nottheonion-askscience-sports-tifu-Jokes-funny-explainlikeimfive-IAmA-photoshopbattles-Documentaries-aww-gadgets-InternetIsBeautiful-pics-history-philosophy-OldSchoolCool-videos-television-WritingPrompts-nosleep-mildlyinteresting-UpliftingNews-EarthPorn-gaming-dataisbeautiful-GetMotivated-DIY-LifeProTips-Music-Showerthoughtsmore » paintballcommentsrelatedwant to join? sign in or create an account in seconds|Englishlimit my search to /r/paintballuse the following search parameters to narrow your results:subreddit:subredditfind submissions in "subreddit"author:usernamefind submissions by "username"site:example.comfind submissions from "example.com"url:textsearch for "text" in urlselftext:textsearch for "text" in self post contentsself:yes (or self:no)include (or exclude) self postsnsfw:yes (or nsfw:no)include (or exclude) results marked as NSFWe.g. subreddit:aww site:imgur.com dogsee the search faq for details.advanced search: by author, subreddit...this post was submitted on 01 May 201318 points (76% upvoted)shortlink: remember mereset passwordloginSubmit a new linkSubmit a new text postpaintballsubscribeunsubscribe10,910 readers~19 users here nowPaintball FAQ & Info
a community for 6 yearsmessage the moderatorsMODERATORSsk33tKARNI LOVEReclipse2086DeadboxBonesJacksono <--- it's a paintballHWhoodwinkSeaskimmer⊝⊝⊝⊝ | ⊝ | Bob Long, eh?about moderation team »171819New toy came (GP) Can't decide between this or my old gat =( (imgur.com)submitted 1 year ago by onetruevuLV1 | SoCal | SCVillage/ASG/CPP/The Ranch22 commentssharecancelsorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onloading...all 22 commentssorted by: bestbesttopnewhotcontroversialoldrandom[–]onetruevuLV1 | SoCal | SCVillage/ASG/CPP/The Ranch[S] 1 point2 points3 points 1 year ago (1 child)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onSo update, I'm selling both the G6R and Luxe to get a Bob Long Insight NG =)
permalink[–]soccersteeler 1 point2 points3 points 1 year ago (0 children)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onpahahahahaha
permalinkparent[–]epicflymanWoods/speed | Bay-Area, CA | Spire-Club Founder | I fix things 2 points3 points4 points 1 year ago (4 children)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onIf I ever buy a Luxe, I'm going to program it to say "You've spent way too much money on me" every time I turn it on. It'll be just like having a girlfriend!
permalink[–]onetruevuLV1 | SoCal | SCVillage/ASG/CPP/The Ranch[S] 0 points1 point2 points 1 year ago (3 children)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onLol guess how much I spent on it
permalinkparent[–][deleted] 2 points3 points4 points 1 year ago (2 children)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted ontree fiddy
permalinkparent[–]Womens_LeftsI Bonusball | Dallas, Tx 2 points3 points4 points 1 year ago (0 children)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onGoddammit toaster, I ain't giving you no tree fiddy
permalinkparent[–]onetruevuLV1 | SoCal | SCVillage/ASG/CPP/The Ranch[S] 1 point2 points3 points 1 year ago (0 children)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onLol you troll you
permalinkparent[–]bazookajoe956 0 points1 point2 points 1 year ago (1 child)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onBeautiful Marker! I've had mine for about a month and it is the best purchase I've ever made. It shoots very consistent and it is VERY smooth. It's ergonomics and macro-less design makes it extremely comfortable to hold and switch between hands. I can't wait to put my own custom sounds on it, but I don't have a PC, only a Mac but the software it came with is not compatible. permalink[–]onetruevuLV1 | SoCal | SCVillage/ASG/CPP/The Ranch[S] 0 points1 point2 points 1 year ago (0 children)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onWell just run BootCamp on your Mac, and boom, it works =) Or you can try a virtual machine like Parallels. permalinkparent[–][deleted] 0 points1 point2 points 1 year ago (4 children)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted ondog please trade me spire shells. PU LEASE
permalink[–]onetruevuLV1 | SoCal | SCVillage/ASG/CPP/The Ranch[S] 0 points1 point2 points 1 year ago (3 children)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onSorry bout it lol
permalinkparent[–]epicflymanWoods/speed | Bay-Area, CA | Spire-Club Founder | I fix things 1 point2 points3 points 1 year ago (2 children)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onYou belong in the Spire-Club. It's a flair thing now.
permalinkparent[–]onetruevuLV1 | SoCal | SCVillage/ASG/CPP/The Ranch[S] 0 points1 point2 points 1 year ago (1 child)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onLol I've had a spire for a while now
permalinkparent[–][deleted] 0 points1 point2 points 1 year ago (0 children)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onjoin the club scrub
permalinkparent[–]Throwaway1999444 0 points1 point2 points 1 year ago (1 child)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onI might be mistaken, but did you have an ego 09? permalink[–]onetruevuLV1 | SoCal | SCVillage/ASG/CPP/The Ranch[S] 0 points1 point2 points 1 year ago (0 children)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onI had a lot of guns lol but yes, I had a few ego 09 lol
permalinkparent[–]agemmaPalms Up! | Rhode Island 0 points1 point2 points 1 year ago (1 child)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onWhat was your old one? G6R?
permalink[–]onetruevuLV1 | SoCal | SCVillage/ASG/CPP/The Ranch[S] 1 point2 points3 points 1 year ago (0 children)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onYeah. I still have it I just can't decide what I like better. The luxe is comfy but like the efficiency is crap while the g6r is stupid efficient
permalinkparent[–]airbornemaniacBALLS OF PAINT ARE EXCITING 0 points1 point2 points 1 year ago (0 children)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onFirst world problems in the extreme.
permalink[–]YomankeenanPump|T2|Toronto 0 points1 point2 points 1 year ago (2 children)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onWhy does your porch look the exact same as toast's?
permalink[–]onetruevuLV1 | SoCal | SCVillage/ASG/CPP/The Ranch[S] 2 points3 points4 points 1 year ago (0 children)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onBc his pictures are mine lol
permalinkparent[–][deleted] 2 points3 points4 points 1 year ago (0 children)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted oni told you this in chat already lol
permalinkparentaboutblogaboutteamsource codeadvertisejobshelpwikiFAQreddiquetterulescontact ustoolsmobilefirefox extensionchrome extensionbuttonswidget<3reddit goldstoreredditgiftsreddit AMA appreddit.tvradio redditUse of this site constitutes acceptance of our User Agreement and Privacy Policy. © 2014 reddit inc. All rights reserved.REDDIT and the ALIEN Logo are registered trademarks of reddit inc.close this windowyou'll need to sign in or create an account to do thatcreate a new accountusername:password:verify password:email: (optional)remember mecreate accountsign inusername:password:remember mereset passwordsign inWe care about your privacy, and we never spam. By creating an account, you agree to reddit's User Agreement and Privacy Policy. We're proud of them, and you should read them.close this windowinterface languageEnglish [en]العربية [ar]Беларуская мова [be]български език [bg]Bosanski [bs]català [ca]česky [cs]dansk [da]Deutsch [de]Ελληνικά [el]English (Australia) [en-au]English (Canadian) [en-ca]English (Great Britain) [en-gb]English [en-us]Esperanto [eo]español [es]español [es-ar]eesti keel [et]Euskara [eu]فارسی [fa]suomi [fi]français [fr]Gàidhlig [gd]עברית [he]मानक हिन्दी [hi]hrvatski [hr]Magyar [hu]Հայերեն լեզու [hy]Bahasa Indonesia [id]íslenska [is] (*)italiano (Italy) [it]日本語 [ja]ಕನ್ನಡ [kn_IN]한국어 [ko]Latin [la]1337 [leet]LOL [lol]lietuvių kalba [lt]latviešu valoda [lv]Nederlands [nl]Nynorsk [nn]Norsk [no]Arrrrrrrr! [pir]polski [pl]português [pt] (*)português [pt-pt]português brasileiro [pt_BR]română [ro]русский [ru]slovenčina [sk]slovenščina [sl]српски језик [sr]Srpski [sr-la]Svenska [sv]தமிழ் [ta]ภาษาไทย [th]Türkçe [tr]українська мова [uk]Tiếng Việt [vi]中文 [zh] (*) incomplete volunteer to translateπ Rendered by PID 11131 on app-74 at 2014-12-27 06:38:22.583979+00:00 running 2f44fc3 country code: US.

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Safe House by James Heneghan, Paperback | Barnes & Noble®
Northern Ireland. In 1999, one year after the Good Friday peace accord, sectarian violence still runs rampant in Belfast and the hatred between Protestant and Catholic runs deep. Liam O'Donnell's father is a peacemaker to the Catholic community. When twelve-year-old Liam's parents are brutally murdered in front of him, he is frozen in place. But when he sees the
Northern Ireland. In 1999, one year after the Good Friday peace accord, sectarian violence still runs rampant in Belfast and the hatred between Protestant and Catholic runs deep. Liam O'Donnell's father is a peacemaker to the Catholic community. When twelve-year-old Liam's parents are brutally murdered in front of him, he is frozen in place. But when he sees the face of one of the attackers, he is forced to run for his life. Escaping, he finds shelter with a neighboring family.Taken to a police safe house, Liam is betrayed and forced to run again, from the very people who are supposed to be protecting him. Can he escape from his pursuer? Is there anywhere to turn for help?A thrilling tale of suspense set against a background that is brought brilliantly to life, Safe House is a story told from the heart.

type: global

value: This website is an American bookseller. It is a Fortune 1000 company and the bookseller with the largest number of retail outlets in the United States.


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- Pats vs. Cowboys: Areas of interest
Locating and blocking DeMarcus Ware. The Cowboys move their stud outside linebacker all across the formation, so the first order of business is identifying where he is, before carrying out the more difficult assignment of blocking him. Ware has five sacks in four games -- some of which have come in crunch time -- and Bill Belichick mentioned him in the same sentence as former New York Giants great Lawrence Taylor this week. Ware and Anthony Spencer are a formidable 1-2 threat at outside linebacker, so one possibility is the Patriots running more three-tackle packages, a strategy they utilized on about 25 percent of their snaps against the Chargers to devote more attention to outside linebackers Shaun Phillips, Travis LaBoy and Antwan Barnes. Limiting Jason Witten in the middle of the field. The nine-year veteran tight end leads the Cowboys with 27 receptions, so when it comes to taking away the opposition's top threat, this is where it starts. The idea would be to force quarterback Tony Romo to go to his secondary options and see if he can avoid the big mistake. The Cowboys are minus-4 in turnover differential this season. If the Patriots do pay extra attention to Witten, they'll be asking more of their defensive backs against dangerous receivers Dez Bryant and Miles Austin, which also bears watching.
Rising up in the red zone. The Cowboys should be able to move the ball against the Patriots, but will they be able to punch it in for touchdowns? Dallas is 5-of-15 in the red zone this season, which ties for the lowest percentage in the NFL with six other teams. No defense is giving up more yards per game than the Patriots, but Belichick has made the point that the red-zone play has been better than recent memory (opponents have 12 touchdowns in 21 trips).
Aaron Hernandez and Rob Gronkowski look to redeem themselves after being silenced by Rob Ryan's defense last season. Redemption for Rob Gronkowski and Aaron Hernandez. The last time the Patriots faced a Rob Ryan-coordinated defense was last October, when they were smoked by the Cleveland Browns 34-14. The Patriots ran a lot of two-TE sets that day with Gronkowski and Hernandez, but the Browns won more one-on-one matchups against the then-rookie tight ends. The Patriots will need more from their tight ends -- from pass-catching and run-blocking standpoints -- to reverse the result.
Sub defense on the spot. After two straight weeks in which they've been in a base defense for the majority of snaps, this matchup projects as one for more sub packages. The Cowboys lean toward the pass -- they're ranked third in the NFL in passing yards per game, 28th in average yards per rush -- so this is where the Patriots need some of their top pass-rushers (Andre Carter, Mark Anderson, Shaun Ellis and Albert Haynesworth) to make life easier for those in the secondary while remaining stout enough against the run. If healthy, the Patriots look like they have an advantage when matching up their interior defensive linemen against the middle of the Cowboys' offensive line.
Welker and/or Edelman on punt returns. Opponents have returned 10 of the 15 punts from 2010 Pro Bowler Mat McBriar, which indicates that there could be opportunities for Wes Welker and/or Julian Edelman to make a play in that area of the game. While Welker mishandled one punt last week, he also proved he's still explosive with returns of 17, 12 and 25 yards. Welker was filling in for Edelman, but with signs that Edelman is ready to return from an ankle injury, it will be interesting to see how the Patriots divide the responsibilities.

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text:
Patent US8171999 - Downhole flow control device and method - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA downhole flow control device includes, a first member defining a first portion of a flow path, and a second member defining a second portion of the flow path, the flow path has a cross sectional flow area defined at least partially by the first member and the second member, a length of the flow path...http://www.google.com/patents/US8171999?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US8171999 - Downhole flow control device and methodAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS8171999 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 12/136,377Publication dateMay 8, 2012Filing dateJun 10, 2008Priority dateMay 13, 2008Also published asUS7789151, US7814974, US7819190, US7931081, US8069919, US8159226, US8776881, US20090283255, US20090283262, US20090283263, US20090283264, US20090283267, US20090283268, US20090283270, US20090284260, US20110056680, US20130098630, WO2009140004A2, WO2009140004A3Publication number12136377, 136377, US 8171999 B2, US 8171999B2, US-B2-8171999, US8171999 B2, US8171999B2InventorsRen� LangeslagOriginal AssigneeBaker Huges IncorporatedExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (100), Non-Patent Citations (30), Referenced by (3), Classifications (7), Legal Events (1) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetDownhole flow control device and method
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Xue, W., Champ, S. and Huglin, M.B. 2001, European Polymer Journal, 37(5) 869-875.3An Oil Selective Inflow Control System; Rune Freyer, Easy Well Solutions: Morten Fejerskkov, Norsk Hydro; Arve Huse, Altinex; European Petroleum Conference, Oct. 29-31, Aberdeen, United Kingdom, Copyright 2002, Society of Petroleum Engineers, Inc.4Baker Hughes, Thru-Tubing Intervention, Z-Seal Technology, Z-Seal Metal-to-Metal Sealing Technology Shifts the Paradigm,http://www.bakerhughes.com/assets/media/brochures/4d121c2bfa7e1c7c9c00001b/file/30574t-ttintervention-catalog-1110.pdf.pdf&fs=4460520, 2010 pp. 79-81.5Baker Hughes, Thru-Tubing Intervention, Z-Seal Technology, Z-Seal Metal-to-Metal Sealing Technology Shifts the Paradigm,http://www.bakerhughes.com/assets/media/brochures/4d121c2bfa7e1c7c9c00001b/file/30574t-ttintervention—catalog-1110.pdf.pdf&fs=4460520, 2010 pp. 79-81.6Baker Oil Tools, Product Report, Sand Control Systems: Screens, Equalizer CF Product Family No. H48688. Nov. 2005. 1 page.7Bercegeay, E. P., et al. "A One-Trip Gravel Packing System," SPE 4771, New Orleans, Louisiana, Feb. 7-8, 1974. 12 pages.8Burkill, et al. Selective Steam Injection in Open hole Gravel-packed Liner Completions SPE 59558.9Concentric Annular Pack Screen (CAPS) Service; Retrieved From Internet on Jun. 18, 2008. http://www.halliburton.com/ps/Default.aspx?navid=81&pageid=273&prodid=PRN%3a%3aIQSHFJ2QK.10Determination of Perforation Schemes to Control Production and Injection Profiles Along Horizontal; Asheim, Harald, Norwegian Institute of Technology; Oudeman, Pier, Koninklijke/Shell Exploratie en Producktie Laboratorium; SPE Drilling and Completion, vol. 12, No. 1, March; pp. 13-18; 1997 Society of Petroleum Engieneers.11Dikken, Ben J., SPE, Koninklijke/Shell E&P Laboratorium; "Pressure Drop in Horizontal Wells and Its Effect on Production Performance"; Nov. 1990, JPT; Copyright 1990, Society of Petroleum Engineers; pp. 1426-1433.12Dinarvand. R., D'Emanuele, A (1995) The use of thermoresponsive hydrogels for on-off release of molecules, J. Control. Rel. 36 221-227.13E.L. Joly, et al. New Production Logging Technique for Horizontal Wells. SPE 14463 1988.14Gaudette, et al. "Permeable Medium Flow Control Devices for Use in Hydrocarbon Production." U.S. Appl. No. 11/875,584, filed Oct. 19, 2007. Specification having 16 pages, Figures having 5 sheets.15Hackworth, et al. "Development and First Application of Bistable Expandable Sand Screen," Society of Petroleum Engineers: SPE 84265. Oct. 5-8 2003. 14 pages.16International Search Report and Written Opinion, Mailed Feb. 2, 2010, International Appln. No. PCT/US2009/049661, Written Opinion 7 Pages, International Search Report 3 Pages.17International Search Report and Written Opinion; Date of Mailing Jan. 13, 2011; International Appln No. PCT/US2010/034750; International Search Report 5 Pages; Written Opinion 3 Pages.18International Search Report and Written Opinion; Date of Mailing Jan. 27, 2011, International Appln No. PCT/US2010/034758; International Search Report 10 Pages; Written Opinion 3 Pages.19International Search Report; Date of Mailing Jan. 27, 2011; International Application No. PCT/US2010/034752; 3 Pages.20Ishihara, K., Hamada, N., Sato, S., Shinohara, I., (1984) Photoinduced swelling control of amphiphdilic azoaromatic polymer membrane. J. Polym. Sci., Polm. Chem. Ed. 22: 121-128.21Mackenzie, Gordon Adn Garfield, Garry, Baker Oil Tools, Wellbore Isolation Intervention Devices Utilizing a Metal-to-Metal Rather Than an Elastomeric Sealing Methodology, SPE 109791, Society of Petroleum Engineers, Presentation at the 2007 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition held in Anaheim, California, U.S.A., Nov. 11-14, 2007, pp. 1-5.22Mathis, Stephen P. "Sand Management: A Review of Approaches and Concerns," SPE 82240, The Hague, The Netherlands, May 13-14, 2003. 7 pages.23Notification of Transmittal of the International Search Report and the Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority; PCT Application No. PCT/US2010/034747; Mailed Dec. 13, 2010; Korean Intellectualy Property Office.24Optimization of Commingled Production Using Infinitely Variable Inflow Control Valves; M.M, J.J. Naus, Delft University of Technology (DUT), Shell International Exploration and production (SIEP); J.D. Jansen, DUT and SIEP; SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibtion, Sep. 26-29 Houston, Texas, 2004, Society of Patent Engineers.25Pardo, et al. "Completion, Techniques Used in Horizontal Wells Drilled in Shallow Gas Sands in the Gulf of Mexio". SPE 24842. Oct. 4-7, 1992.26R. D. Harrison Jr., et al. Case Histories: New Horizontal Completion Designs Facilitate Development and Increase Production Capabilites in Sandstone Reservoirs. SPE 27890. Wester Regional Meeting held in Long Beach, CA Mar. 23-25, 1994.27Restarick, Henry. "Horizontal Completion Option in Reservoirs with Sand Problems," Society of Petroleum Engineers: SPE 29831. Mar. 11-14, 1995. 16 pages.28Richard, et al. "Multi-position Valves for Fracturing and Sand Control and Associated Completion Methods." U.S. Appl. No. 11/949,403, filed Dec. 3, 2007. Specification having 13 pages, Figures having 11 sheets.29Tanaka, T., Nishio, I., Sun, S.T., Uena-Nisho, S. (1982) Collapse of gels in an electric field, Science, 218-467-469.30Tanaka, T., Ricka, J., (1984) Swelling of Ionic gels: Quantitative performance of the Donnan Thory, Macromolecules, 17, 2916-2921.Referenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS8997881 *Oct 13, 2010Apr 7, 2015Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.Pressure bearing wall and support structure thereforUS20120090854 *Oct 13, 2010Apr 19, 2012Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.Pressure bearing wall and support structure thereforWO2014025338A1 *Aug 7, 2012Feb 13, 2014Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.Mechanically adjustable flow control assembly* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification166/373, 166/320, 166/332.1International ClassificationE21B34/06Cooperative ClassificationE21B34/06, E21B43/10European ClassificationE21B43/10Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionJul 24, 2008ASAssignmentOwner name: BAKER HUGHES, INCORPORATED, TEXASFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:LANGESLAG, RENE;REEL/FRAME:021284/0617Effective date: 20080625RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services

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In their desperation to secure ‘bums on seats’, some universities are killing academic endeavour and damaging career prospects
Thu 26 Jul 2018 06.56 EDT Last modified on Thu 26 Jul 2018 06.59 EDT
‘With a place secured, some will think they can take it easy because it no longer matters if they get an A or a C grade.’ Photograph: Yui Mok/PA
Universities are counting down the days to the publication of this year’s A-level results. Nearly one in four of the students from England, Wales and Northern Ireland who applied to university will have a guaranteed place through an unconditional offer. This isn’t something to be celebrated.
New Ucas statistics for the 2018 cycle show the number of unconditional offers made to 18-year-olds in England, Northern Ireland and Wales has risen by nearly a third and accounts for 7.1% of all offers. More than 42,000 of those offers were selected by students as their firm choice and a further 9,185 as insurance choices.
Prospectuses and websites commonly claim that they put students’ interests at the core of all they do. In my mind, making unconditional offers is the absolute antithesis of this.
First, they have the potential to kill academic endeavour and high achievement. With a place secured, some students will think they can take it easy because it no longer matters if they get an A or a C grade. Ucas research [pdf] has found that those with unconditional offers are 23% more likely to fall short of their predicted grades than those with conditional offers. Any action by a university that leads to a prospective student’s underachievement sets completely the wrong ethos before higher education even begins.
You may ask whether this is such a big problem? As long as a student does enough to make it to university, do their grades really matter? But those who don’t engage fully with A-level study are less likely to have the skills to study at degree level. Added to this, some graduate employment schemes take A-level grades into account alongside degree results. By giving unconditional offers, students are being significantly disadvantaged with regard to future career opportunities. This might be far from students’ minds but securing graduate-level employment is at the heart of what a good university education is all about.
Second, unconditional offers create a two-tier system, with some students arriving at university with a free pass and others having had the bar set high. Entry to university must be a level playing field, with all applicants being treated equally and fairly. Students should have to work hard to get to university, displaying the potential on which their academic progress will depend.
With competition for applicants more intense than ever, some universities are using unconditional offers to secure students early in the application process. Some even make the offer dependent on a firm acceptance. This is tantamount to bribery.
What makes it even worse is that the “bribe” comes at a time when prospective students need time and space to make their final decision. Visiting university open days, making decisions, working hard and feeling a sense of achievement should be equal experiences for every applicant. Unconditional offers introduce a bias that at best isn’t needed and at worst is unfair.
When I speak to the students at our open days, I make it clear that Loughborough won’t be the place for everyone. We want to recruit students who are prepared to work hard and be the very best they can be. They can only do that if they feel we are the right place for them and they are studying the right subject. No one wants to see students struggling to cope or dropping out because they were pressured to choose the wrong university or the wrong course.
My advice to students is to pick the institution that’s best for you. Don’t be tempted to accept, at any price, the easy option of an unconditional offer. Follow your instincts and your ambitions. Have confidence in your ability to achieve the grades you need to get where you want to be. Rise to the challenge and win your university place on merit – and not because a university is worried about filling places and offered you the soft option.
Prof Robert Allison is vice-chancellor of Loughborough University

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text:
Plunging mortgage charges and house prices mean owning a home is cheaper than renting... by £1,400 a year | Daily Mail Online
Updated: 19:19 EDT, 27 January 2012
If you own your home you are now almost £1,400 a year better off than someone renting, a study revealed yesterday.
Recent mortgage deals mean you can typically pay £600 a month for a three-bedroom house – £116 cheaper than the average rent of £716.
By contrast, homeowners in 2008 paid an average of £928 a month, 29 per cent more than the then typical rent.
The gap between renting and buying properties is expected to widen as more would-be-buyers struggle to afford mortgages
Charges for maintenance and insurance were included in the comparisons.
The gap increased significantly last year and is expected to widen further as growing numbers of would-be buyers struggle to raise the cash for mortgage deposits and become trapped in the rental sector.
Halifax, which carried out the research, said the reduction in home-buying costs was driven by plunging mortgage charges and house prices.
Cost of moving home rockets by 70% to almost £9,000 as estate agency fees and stamp duty rises put strain on... The £8m mansion RBS chief Stephen Hester gave to his ex-wife... while he rents £4m apartment
Mortgage rates dropped from an average of 5.75 per cent in 2008 to 3.63 per cent last year, amid a flurry of cheap deals prompted by the Bank of England’s historically low 0.5 per cent base rate.
Average house prices have also fallen by 11 per cent over the same period, further reducing mortgage payments for new buyers.
Martin Ellis, housing economist for Halifax, said affordability for buyers has increased more than that for renters
At the same time, rents have risen in many areas of the country because of the high demand for accommodation.
Wales is the only area of the UK where it is cheaper to remain a tenant, with owning a home costing £5 a month more than renting.
The study is further bad news for those struggling to get on the property ladder.
With the economy on the brink of a double-dip recession, there are fears that mortgages for first-time buyers could hit a record low this year.
Difficulties in obtaining a mortgage have forced many would-be homeowners in their thirties and even forties to seek a loan from their parents or grandparents to buy their first property.
Martin Ellis, housing economist at Halifax, said: ‘The affordability gains for buyers relative to renters in the last three years have been significant.
‘The average mortgage payment has fallen dramatically over recent years as a result of falling house prices and mortgage rates.
‘At the same time, rents have risen due to strong demand for rented accommodation.
‘Nonetheless, despite the improvement in the relative affordability of buying a home, the number of purchasers has continued to fall due to the ongoing challenges in raising a deposit and the considerable uncertainty over the prospects for the UK economy, which have severely constrained housing demand.’

value: This website is the website of the Daily Mail, a newspaper in the United Kingdom, and of its sister paper The Mail on Sunday. MailOnline is a division of dmg media, which is owned by Daily Mail and General Trust plc.


text:
Patent US6323823 - Base station clustered adaptive antenna array - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsA base station clustered adaptive antenna array includes a plurality of clusters of antenna elements. Each cluster is spaced away from an adjacent cluster by a first predetermined spacing related to receive-mode beamforming and includes a plurality of transmit-receive antenna elements. Each element within...http://www.google.com/patents/US6323823?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6323823 - Base station clustered adaptive antenna arrayAdvanced Patent SearchTry the new Google Patents, with machine-classified Google Scholar results, and Japanese and South Korean patents.Publication numberUS6323823 B1Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 09/618,088Publication dateNov 27, 2001Filing dateJul 17, 2000Priority dateJul 17, 2000Fee statusPaidAlso published asWO2002007259A2, WO2002007259A3Publication number09618088, 618088, US 6323823 B1, US 6323823B1, US-B1-6323823, US6323823 B1, US6323823B1InventorsPiu Bill Wong, Shimon B. ScherzerOriginal AssigneeMetawave Communications CorporationExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (5), Referenced by (39), Classifications (12), Legal Events (6) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetBase station clustered adaptive antenna array
US 6323823 B1Abstract
A base station clustered adaptive antenna array includes a plurality of clusters of antenna elements. Each cluster is spaced away from an adjacent cluster by a first predetermined spacing related to receive-mode beamforming and includes a plurality of transmit-receive antenna elements. Each element within the cluster is spaced away from an adjacent element by a second predetermined spacing related to transmit-mode beamforming. In order to reduce the visual impact of the antenna array, each cluster is included within a single exterior housing or radome. A medial receive-only antenna element may be provided between adjacent clusters to enhance beamforming for reverse link reception.
What is claimed is: 1. A base station clustered adaptive antenna array comprising:
a plurality of clusters of antenna elements, wherein each cluster of the plurality is separated from an adjacent cluster of the plurality of clusters by a first predetermined spacing related to receive-mode beamforming, and wherein each cluster comprises a plurality of transmit-receive antenna elements, each transmit-receive antenna element spaced away from an adjacent element of the plurality of elements by a second predetermined spacing related to transmit-mode beamforming, the second predetermined spacing being less than the first predetermined spacing. 2. The clustered adaptive antenna array set forth in claim 1, wherein the first predetermined spacing is approximately ten wavelengths of a receive operating frequency range.
3. The clustered adaptive antenna array set forth in claim 1, wherein the second predetermined spacing is in a range approximately between one-half wavelength and one wavelength of a transmit operating frequency range.
4. The clustered adaptive antenna array set forth in claim 1, wherein each cluster is contained within a single radome.
5. The clustered adaptive antenna array set forth in claim 1, wherein each plurality of transmit-receive elements comprises at least four antenna elements.
6. The clustered adaptive antenna array set forth in claim 1, wherein the array is mounted to an antenna support structure having horizontal sides with a side length dimension approximately equal to the first predetermined spacing.
7. The clustered adaptive antenna array set forth in claim 6, wherein the antenna support structure is generally triangular, and wherein the antenna array comprises three clusters.
8. The clustered adaptive antenna array set forth in claim 7, wherein each cluster is mounted at a corner region of the generally triangular support structure.
9. The clustered adaptive antenna array set forth in claim 1, further comprising at least one receive antenna pod mounted between an adjacent pair of the plurality of clusters of antenna elements.
10. The clustered adaptive antenna array set forth in claim 8, further comprising three medial receive antenna pods, each said receive antenna pod being mounted to the generally triangular support structure medially between adjacent ones of the clusters of antenna elements and generally within a horizontal plane including the clusters.
11. An adaptive beam-forming receive-transmit antenna array mounted on a support tower, comprising:
a plurality of clusters, each cluster having a plurality of receive-transmit antenna elements, each antenna element separated by approximately one half wavelength to one wavelength of a transmit operating frequency range, wherein each cluster is separated from an adjacent cluster of the plurality of clusters by approximately ten wavelengths of a receive operating frequency range. 12. The adaptive beam-forming receive-transmit antenna array set forth in claim 11, wherein the antenna array comprises three clusters.
13. The adaptive beam-forming receive-transmit antenna array set forth in claim 12, further comprising three antenna pods mounted one each to a support structure between an adjacent pair of the plurality of clusters of antenna elements of the three clusters, each pod including a single receive antenna element.
14. The adaptive beam-forming receive-transmit antenna array set forth in claim 13, wherein the three receive-only antenna pods are adjustable along the support structure in order to obtain a desired spacing between the adjacent pairs of the three clusters of antenna elements.
15. The adaptive beam-forming receive-transmit antenna array set forth in claim 13, wherein a receive function of a receive-transmit antenna element of a cluster is provided by a single receive antenna element of an adjacent antenna pod.
16. The adaptive beam-forming receive-transmit antenna array set forth in claim 11, wherein each cluster comprises four antenna elements.
17. The adaptive beam-forming receive-transmit antenna array set forth in claim 16, wherein each antenna element is positionally adjustable relative to an adjacent antenna element in order to establish the element spacing.
18. The adaptive beam-forming receive-transmit antenna array set forth in claim 11, wherein each cluster is positionally adjustable relative to a center of the support tower to establish the cluster spacing.
19. The adaptive beam-forming receive-transmit antenna array set forth in claim 11, further comprising at least one receive antenna pod mounted to a support structure between an adjacent pair of the plurality of clusters of antenna elements, each of the at least one receive antenna pods comprising a single receive-only antenna element.
20. The adaptive beam-forming receive-transmit antenna array set forth in claim 19, wherein the at least one receive antenna pod is adjustable along the support structure in order to obtain a desired spacing between the adjacent pair of the plurality of clusters of antenna elements.
The present invention relates to wireless information communications systems. More particularly, the present invention relates to an adaptive antenna array of a base station formed as a plurality of spaced apart clusters of antenna elements lying generally within a common horizontal plane.
Wireless data and voice communications services are proliferating throughout the world. One popular service is the so-called “cellular” telephone service. In cellular telephone service, service areas are divided up into “cells”, where each cell covers a specific geographical area and services mobile units located in, or passing through, the service area. Typically, radio frequencies are used in the ultra high frequency spectrum, and more typically in the 800 MHz or higher frequency range. The nature of radio wave propagation at these relatively short wavelengths limits the maximum effective distance between the mobile and the base, frequently to several miles. This propagation limit enables reuse of the same frequencies or bands within non-adjacent cells of the cellular network. Since the service range of each base station is limited to a radius of e.g. several miles, it is necessary to provide a number of base stations within a service area in order to provide effective wireless service throughout the area.
One known way to increase the number of mobile stations that may be served within a cell is to divide the cell into sectors, such as three sectors, spaced apart by 120° about the compass rose. In such an arrangement, each sector is provided with its own 120°-wide transmit beam from the base station.
Further increase in the number of mobile stations that may be simultaneously served within a cell or sector is to employ base station antenna arrays having plural elements. Embedding adaptive antenna array technology into the existing cellular telephone infrastructure potentially provides very significant capacity increases. This technology offers the ability to eliminate same cell interference for mobile stations being served simultaneously. It offers the prospect of a reduction of inter-cell interference. It also increases the signal-to-noise ratio of a particular mobile station being served and therefore enables an increase in user data rate. These benefits and advantages result in either higher data throughputs, or the ability to service more mobile stations simultaneously, within a given cell or service infrastructure. With spatially separated elements, beamforming becomes practical for both transmit and receive modes. Focusing radiant energy in the direction of a mobile station reduces the amount of overall power needed to be generated by the base station in order to maintain a given service quality. Antenna array technology can be used to focus power coming from the mobile station to the base station via a reverse link or an uplink, as well as from the base station to the mobile station via a forward link or downlink.
Usually, during transmit mode, a wide transmit beam is desired so that the transmit beam, and its associated pilot, reaches all of the mobiles within the service area or sector, since the base station does not initially know where any particular mobile would be within that area. In transmit mode, relatively wide transmit beams may be formed by using phased antenna elements of an array wherein the elements are spaced relatively closely apart, with spacing between adjacent elements being on the order of between one half and one wavelength at the transmit frequencies. At the cellular frequency bands in the range of 800 MHz, one wavelength equals 0.375 meters, or 14.775 inches, with one half wavelength being half of these linear values. After a particular mobile station is located within the service area of the base station, narrower transmit beams may be employed to divide and concentrate limited base station power among all of the mobile stations being served simultaneously.
In base station receive mode, very narrow beams are highly desirable in order to provide multiple beam diversities and concentrate the signal energy from a particular one of the mobiles operating within a particular one of the available service channels and to exclude or reduce signal energies from other mobiles within the same service area using other ones of the available service channels. Beamforming narrow beams in receive mode requires that the phased receive antenna elements be placed relatively farther apart than the transmit elements. Phased adjacent receive elements are most preferably placed apart by approximately three wavelengths. At 800 MHz, three wavelengths equals 1.125 meters or 44.325 inches. From these desirable spacings, it becomes immediately apparent that base station receive mode antenna arrays may become relatively quite large and visually noticeable at the base station locations within the neighborhoods of the various cellular communications service areas. Since the highest service requirements occur in the most highly populated areas, large base station antenna arrays become the subject of observation and complaint by a relatively large part of the population as a whole. One popular misconception held by some members of the public at large is that the larger the antenna array, the greater will be the exposure level to electromagnetic radiation at the vicinity of the array. Also, members of the public may object to what is perceived to be a negative visual impact or blight upon the environment of a particular neighborhood presented by large antenna arrays providing wireless communications services.
For example, FIG. 1 shows a conventional three-sector cellular antenna array 10 mounted at desired elevation above ambient terrain upon a triangular support tower 12. A triangular support tower is frequently employed in wireless communications because it provides considerable strength with minimal material and takes advantage of the inherent strength of three-leg, triangle geometry in the horizontal plane and triangle bracing in the vertical planes of each tower face. The antenna array 10 is designed to serve three service sectors 14, 16 and 18. For sector 14, a transmit-receive element 20 is located at one corner of the tower 12, and a receive-only element 22 is located at another corner of the tower 12 at a spacing selected to enable effective diversity reception. The antenna elements 20 and 22 are enclosed and protected from the weather by radomes 24, typically formed of radio-wave-transparent material such as molded fiberglass or plastic.
The transmit-receive element 20 is adapted to broadcast a service beam throughout the sector 14, and the element 20 may also be simultaneously used to receive at a different frequency or band with the inclusion of conventionally available duplexer filter technology, or may be used in a time division multiplex arrangement, with one time increment operating in transmit mode and a next time increment operating in receive mode. The receive mode element 22 provides spatial diversity reception for signals arising within the service sector 14. Similarly, the service sector 16 includes transmit-receive element 26 and receive-only element 28, and the service sector 18 includes transmit-receive element 30 and receive-only element 32. While the arrangement of antenna array 10 in FIG. 1 enables some beamforming, very narrow receive-mode beams with additional array gains of about 5 dB with respect to a single antenna element are not achievable with only two spatially diverse receive antenna elements.
Narrow beamforming creating very narrow beams with high antenna array gains at the base station for both receive and transmit modes typically requires more antenna elements. FIG. 2A presents a more recently proposed antenna array for wireless cellular communications service which employs a relatively large multi-element receive antenna array 50 and a relatively small multi-element transmit antenna array 52. While FIG. 2A shows the transmit array 52 to the side of the receive array 50, the transmit array 52 may also be mounted concentrically with the receive array 50 on a tower, provided that a different elevation is used to prevent the transmit array 52 from being blocked by the receive array 50.
The receive array 50 includes e.g. 16 separate receive elements 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66, 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 80, 82, and 84 disposed along a circular locus formed by a support ring 85. The spacing between adjacent elements of the receive array 50 is preferably on the order of three wavelengths (3λ). Each element 54-84 is provided with its own radome 86. As shown in the rectangular coordinate graph of FIG. 2B, the receive array 50 is capable of forming a relatively very narrow receive beam 88 in a particular direction within the service area relative to the array 50 with nearest adjacent side lobes 89 separated in phase from the beam 88 by approximately 22°. The receive array antenna beam pattern shown directed to 180° shown in FIG. 2B is a typical beam pattern that can be formed using the receive array 50. The rectangular coordinate graph of FIG. 2C shows a receive array beam pattern directed to 90° and represents a typical beam pattern that can be formed using the receive array 50. In the graph of FIG. 2C, the nearest adjacent side lobes 89 are shown separated in phase from the main lobe 88 by approximately 22°.
The transmit array 52 includes e.g. 16 separate transmit elements 90, 92, 94, 96, 98, 100, 102, 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, 114, 116, 118 and 120, also disposed about a circular locus formed by a support ring 121. The spacing between adjacent elements of the transmit array is preferably on the order of one-half wavelength (½λ) to one wavelength (1λ). Because of the relatively close spacing, all of the transmit elements 90-120 may be enclosed within a common radome 122. As previously noted, the transmit array 52 may be located to the side of the receive array 50, or preferably above or below the receive array 50 in a concentric arrangement shown in dashed outline relative to the receive array 50 in FIG. 2A. The transmit antenna array 52 is arranged and operated to provide simultaneous transmit (downlink) signals for e.g. three sectors 124, 126 and 128.
FIG. 2D depicts a typical, relatively narrow transmit beam pattern having a main lobe 130 focused at a direction of 180° with a maximum antenna gain (a main lobe 3 dB beamwidth at 17°, and side lobes 131 separated by 100°) formed using the transmit array 52 of FIG. 2A. FIG. 2E depicts the relatively narrow transmit beam pattern formed by the transmit array 52 at a direction of 90°. FIG. 2F shows a typical relatively wide transmit beam having a single lobe 132 directed at 180° which may be formed by the transmit array 52. The beam of FIG. 2F has a 3 dB beamwidth of 120°, and is typically used for transmitting common pilot and broadcast channel information for the particular sector being serviced. With the transmit array 52 shown in FIG. 2A, each sector can be provided with a relatively narrow transmit beam 130 (FIG. 2E) and a relatively wide transmit beam 132 (FIG. 2F). The receive array 50 provides receive-mode (uplink) beamforming for all three sectors 124, 126 and 128, in the present example.
Spatial diversity multiple access methods employing adaptive antenna arrays are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,471,647 and 5,634,199 to Gerlach et al., and methods and structures for providing rapid beamforming for both uplink and downlink channels using adaptive antenna arrays are described in commonly assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/929,638 to Scherzer, entitled “Practical Space-Time Radio Method for CDMA Communication Capacity Enhancement”, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
While a number of benefits including increased service capacity can be realized by using adaptive antenna arrays, such arrays have heretofore been objected to by land use planning regulators because of concerns relating to perceived electromagnetic radiation hazards and concerns relating to objectionable or negative visual impact. Thus, an unsolved need has remained for a multi-element antenna array that provides such benefits while presenting a reduced visual impact at the base station location.
A general object of the present invention is to provide a base station multi-element adaptive antenna array which manifests a reduced visual impact at the base station location while enabling effective forward link and reverse link beam forming.
Another object of the present invention is to group multiple receive-transmit antenna elements of an adaptive antenna array into a plurality of spatially separated clusters and to provide a single exterior housing or radome for each cluster.
A further object of the present invention is to provide additional receive only antenna elements medially between adjacent clusters of antenna elements of an adaptive antenna array.
In accordance with principles of the present invention, a base station clustered adaptive antenna array includes a plurality of clusters of antenna elements. Each cluster is spaced away from an adjacent cluster by a first predetermined spacing related to receive-mode beamforming. One such first spacing is equal to approximately ten wavelengths of the receive frequency or band. Each cluster includes a plurality (e.g., four) of transmit-receive antenna elements. Each element within the cluster is spaced away from an adjacent element by a second predetermined spacing related to transmit-mode beamforming. One such second spacing is equal to approximately between one-half and one wavelength of the transmit frequency or band. In order to reduce the visual impact of the antenna array, each cluster, in one embodiment, is included within a single exterior housing or radome. In one embodiment, the clustered adaptive antenna array includes three clusters mounted to corners of a support structure supporting a generally triangular frame with horizontal side dimensions approximating at least the first predetermined spacing of ten wavelengths of the receive frequency or band in one embodiment. The support frame may be an integral part of a triangular tower, or it may be a frame mounted to and supported at operational elevation by any suitable tower or structure, whether of triangular, circular, or other suitable cross-sectional geometry.
In accordance with a related aspect of the present invention, the clustered adaptive antenna array may include at least one receive antenna pod mounted medially between an adjacent pair of the plurality of clusters of antenna elements. In one embodiment of the triangular support tower, three medial receive antenna pods are provided, with a receive antenna pod being mounted medially between adjacent ones of the three clusters of antenna elements within a horizontal plane including the clusters.
FIG. 1 is a top plan view of a known cellular telephone base station antenna array serving three sectors of a service cell;
FIG. 2A is a top plan view of a known multi-element circular receive array and a multi-element circular transmit array providing beamforming for receive mode (uplink) and transmit mode (downlink) base station communications within a service cell;
FIG. 2B depicts a typical receive beam pattern of the receive array of FIG. 2A at a direction of 180°;
FIG. 2C shows a typical receive beam pattern of the receive array of FIG. 2A at a direction of 90°;
FIG. 2D shows a typical transmit beam pattern with a maximum gain that can be formed using the circular transmit array of FIG. 2A focused at a direction of 180°;
FIG. 2E shows a typical transmit beam pattern with maximum gain using the circular transmit array of FIG. 2A focused at a direction of 90°;
FIG. 2F shows a typical transmit beam pattern having an effective 120° width that can be formed using the circular transmit array of FIG. 2A;
FIG. 3 is a top plan view of a base station clustered adaptive antenna array in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a rectangular coordinate graph that depicts a relatively narrow forward link (transmit) beam pattern formed by one of the antenna clusters of the clustered adaptive array in FIG. 3, at a direction of 180°;
FIG. 5 depicts a relatively wide forward link beam pattern formed by one of the antenna clusters of the array in FIG. 3, at a direction of 180°;
FIG. 6 depicts a relatively narrow reverse link (receive) beam pattern formed by the clustered adaptive array including medial receive elements shown in FIG. 3, focused at a direction of 180°; and
FIG. 7 graphs a relatively narrow reverse link (receive) beam pattern formed by the clustered adaptive array including medial receive elements shown in FIG. 3, focused at a direction of 90°.
FIG. 3 shows a top view of a base station clustered adaptive antenna array 150 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The array 150 may be mounted to and supported at a useful service height by a conventional support structure, such as a triangular metal tower 12 of the type illustrated in FIG. 1. In this embodiment, the antenna array 150 is intended for use within the 1.9 GHz cellular telephone service. However, the principles of the present invention also apply to other land mobile wireless services and bands.
As shown in FIG. 3, the antenna array 150 includes three clusters 152, 154 and 156 of antenna elements lying generally within a common horizontal plane parallel to the surface of the earth. Each cluster is located at a corner of a triangular support structure 159. Thus, in the present illustration, array cluster 152 is located at a corner 153, array cluster 154 is located at a corner 155, and array cluster 156 is located at a corner 157. The antenna support structure 159 may be coextensive with a triangular tower, or it may be attached to, or extend from, another suitable support, such as a cylindrical column tower, for example. Each cluster 152, 154 and 156 can include a single radome enclosure 158 of radio-transparent material. The tower 12, the support structure 159 and each radome enclosure 158 may be imparted with a dull color having a hue and tone selected to blend in with the environment, thereby minimizing visual impact of the antenna array 150 at the vicinity of the base station and tower 12.
Each cluster may be mounted on an extension arm 163 which extends from each corner of the support structure 159 for a predetermined distance, to position each cluster outwardly from a center 161 of the support structure by a predetermined amount, such as approximately 78 cm. The length of each extension arm 163 is adjustable, in one embodiment, over a range of −15 cm to +30 cm relative to the center 161.
Multiple closely spaced antenna elements are provided within each cluster. For example, in cluster 152, four transmit-receive antenna elements 160, 162, 164 and 166 are provided. Adjacent ones of the elements 160, 162, 164 and 166 are angled apart from the extension arm by a mounting arm 167 in order to achieve a desired transmit array spacing of between one half wavelength and one wavelength at the operating frequency or band. In one embodiment, the length of the mounting arm 167 is approximately 15 cm and enables a −5 cm to +10 cm radial adjustment at the distal end of arm 163. The angular spacing of adjacent receive-transmit elements within each cluster 152, 154, 156 is approximately 36° in one embodiment. In this manner, a relatively broad transmit (forward link) beam, as well as a relatively narrow transmit (forward link) beam may be transmitted to a service sector 170, there being three 120° sectors 170, 172, and 174 served by the antenna array 150.
As shown in FIG. 3, antenna cluster 154 includes four transmit-receive antenna elements 180, 182, 184, and 186 and provides wide/narrow beam forward link service to mobile stations in the sector 172. Antenna cluster 156 includes four transmit-receive antenna elements 190, 192, 194, 196 and provides wide/narrow beam forward link service to mobile stations in the sector 174.
FIG. 4 depicts a relatively narrow forward link beam pattern comprising a main lobe 220 directed to 180°, and having side lobes 222 at approximately ±90° formed by one of the clusters 152, 154, or 156. The main lobe 220 has a 3-dB beamwidth of 35°. The relatively narrow beam pattern of FIG. 4 is generally used for forward link traffic data transmissions. FIG. 5 graphs a relatively wide antenna beam pattern which may be formed by each one of the clusters 152, 154, 156. The beam pattern of FIG. 5 includes a single lobe 224 shown directed at 180° and having a 3-dB beamwidth of 100°. The relatively wide beam pattern of FIG. 5 is generally used for forward link common pilot and broadcast channel transmissions.
In receive (reverse link) mode, all of the antenna elements 160, 162, 164, 166, 180, 182, 184, 186, 190, 192, 194 and 196 are used. Since there are three antenna clusters 152, 154, and 156 in this example, narrow reverse link beamforming can be achieved by taking advantage of the spatial separation of the three clusters 152, 154, and 156.
Referring back to FIG. 3, further improvements in reverse link beamforming may be realized by adding single-receive element pods 200, 202 and 204 between the array clusters 152-154, 154-156, and 156-152, respectively, within the common horizontal plane of the array 150. The pod 200 includes a receive element 201, the pod 202 includes a receive element 203, and the pod 204 includes a receive element 205. These antenna elements can be of the same type as used in the array clusters. Each pod 200, 202, and 204 is positionally mounted to the support structure 159 by a support arm 207. In one embodiment, each support arm 207 is about 17 cm long. Each support arm 207 is offset from a center of a leg of the structure 159, e.g., by approximately 20 cm, there being a range of adjustment of ±25 cm from the center of the leg in one embodiment. In this arrangement, one of the elements of each of the clusters 152, 154 and 156 becomes a transmit only element, and its receive function is redirected to a respective one of the medial receive elements 201, 203 and 205. Small, visually minimized radomes 206 are used to enclose the medial receive elements 201, 203 and 205, thereby protecting such element from exposure to the external ambient weather and atmospheric conditions. These radomes 206 may be provided with a color or finish treatment consistent with that applied to the radomes 158 and support structure 159 in order to minimize visual impact of the antenna array 150.
FIG. 6 depicts a narrow reverse link antenna beam pattern that can be formed using the array 150 with the three medial receive elements 201, 203 and 205. In FIG. 6, a main lobe 230 has a narrow beam width from 0 dB to −5 dB and becomes somewhat broader at −5 dB. The pattern of FIG. 6 is shown directed to 180°. FIG. 7 shows a beam pattern having a main lobe 232 directed to 90° which can be formed using the adaptive antenna array 150 with the three medial receive elements 201, 203 and 205. The beam pattern shown in FIG. 7 is very similar the pattern achieved in the 180° direction shown in FIG. 6.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS5832389 *Apr 3, 1996Nov 3, 1998Ericsson Inc.Wideband digitization systems and methods for cellular radiotelephonesUS5872547 *Sep 9, 1996Feb 16, 1999Metawave Communications CorporationConical omni-directional coverage multibeam antenna with parasitic elementsUS5969689 *Jan 13, 1997Oct 19, 1999Metawave Communications CorporationMulti-sector pivotal antenna system and methodUS6026627 *Jan 4, 1999Feb 22, 2000Fwt, Inc.Antenna support for power transmission towerUS6088003 *Dec 28, 1998Jul 11, 2000Nortel Networks CorporationSix sector antenna structure* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS6512720May 14, 2002Jan 28, 2003The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The NavyUnderwater telemetry method using doppler compensationUS6593898 *Aug 20, 2001Jul 15, 2003Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.Antenna apparatus in mobile communication systemUS6687188May 14, 2002Feb 3, 2004The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The NavyUnderwater telemetry apparatus and methodUS6801790 *Jan 17, 2001Oct 5, 2004Lucent Technologies Inc.Structure for multiple antenna configurationsUS6809694Mar 27, 2003Oct 26, 2004Andrew CorporationAdjustable beamwidth and azimuth scanning antenna with dipole elementsUS6963314Sep 26, 2002Nov 8, 2005Andrew CorporationDynamically variable beamwidth and variable azimuth scanning antennaUS6999042Mar 3, 2003Feb 14, 2006Andrew CorporationLow visual impact monopole tower for wireless communicationsUS7003322Sep 26, 2002Feb 21, 2006Andrew CorporationArchitecture for digital shared antenna system to support existing base station hardwareUS7043270Aug 13, 2001May 9, 2006Andrew CorporationShared tower system for accomodating multiple service providersUS7050809 *Dec 27, 2001May 23, 2006Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.System and method for providing concurrent data transmissions in a wireless communication networkUS7446714 *Nov 15, 2005Nov 4, 2008Clearone Communications, Inc.Anti-reflective interference antennas with radially-oriented elementsUS7650166Feb 9, 2006Jan 19, 2010Scherzer Shimon BShapable antenna beams for cellular networksUS7948444 *Dec 21, 2004May 24, 2011Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ)Method and system of communications for high data rate transmissionUS8351987Dec 22, 2006Jan 8, 2013Dragonwave, Inc.Wireless network communication apparatus, methods, and integrated antenna structuresUS8422540Sep 10, 2012Apr 16, 2013CBF Networks, Inc.Intelligent backhaul radio with zero division duplexingUS8432329 *Jun 19, 2008Apr 30, 2013Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ)Antenna configuration provides coverageUS8457614Mar 9, 2006Jun 4, 2013Clearone Communications, Inc.Wireless multi-unit conference phoneUS8467363Jun 28, 2012Jun 18, 2013CBF Networks, Inc.Intelligent backhaul radio and antenna systemUS8638839Feb 14, 2013Jan 28, 2014CBF Networks, Inc.Intelligent backhaul radio with 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2003Apr 1, 2004Andrew CorporationAdjustable beamwidth and azimuth scanning antenna with dipole elementsUS20040174317 *Mar 3, 2003Sep 9, 2004Andrew CorporationLow visual impact monopole tower for wireless communicationsUS20060194617 *Feb 9, 2006Aug 31, 2006Scherzer Shimon BShapable antenna beams for cellular networksUS20070109193 *Nov 15, 2005May 17, 2007Clearone Communications, Inc.Anti-reflective interference antennas with radially-oriented elementsUS20080026697 *Dec 21, 2004Jan 31, 2008Svante SignellMethod and System of Communications for High Data Rate TransmissionUS20080030409 *Aug 3, 2006Feb 7, 2008Yih Lieh ShihRotational antenna apparatus for GPS deviceUS20090093257 *Oct 3, 2008Apr 9, 2009Nokia CorporationVariable bandwidth in a communication systemUS20090274130 *Dec 22, 2006Nov 5, 2009Dragonwave, Inc.Wireless network communication apparatus, methods, and integrated antenna structuresUS20100060522 *Dec 22, 2006Mar 11, 2010Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ)Antenna ArrangementUS20110095961 *Jun 19, 2008Apr 28, 2011Telefonaktiebolaget L M EricssonAntenna configuration provides coverageEP2092600A1 *Dec 22, 2006Aug 26, 2009Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson (PUBL)Antenna arrangementEP2092600A4 *Dec 22, 2006Jun 22, 2011Ericsson Telefon Ab L MAntenna arrangementWO2009061966A1 *Nov 6, 2008May 14, 2009Powerwave Technologies, Inc.Variable stagger reflector for azimuth beam width controlled antenna* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification343/844, 343/872, 343/890International ClassificationH01Q25/00, H01Q3/26, H01Q1/24Cooperative ClassificationH01Q3/2605, H01Q25/00, H01Q1/246European ClassificationH01Q3/26C, H01Q1/24A3, H01Q25/00Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionJul 17, 2000ASAssignmentOwner name: ADAPTIVE TELECOM, INC., CALIFORNIAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:SCHERZER, SHIMON B.;WONG, PIU B.;REEL/FRAME:010976/0426Effective date: 20000710Feb 12, 2001ASAssignmentOwner name: METAWAVE COMMUNICATIONS CORPORATION, WASHINGTONFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ADAPTIVE TELECOM, INC.;REEL/FRAME:011517/0455Effective date: 20010104Owner name: METAWAVE COMMUNICATIONS CORPORATION, WASHINGTONFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ADAPTIVE TELECOM, INC.;REEL/FRAME:011518/0624Effective date: 20010104Jan 20, 2004ASAssignmentOwner name: KATHREIN-WERKE KG, GERMANYFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:METAWAVE COMMUNICATIONS CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:014910/0513Effective date: 20030919May 17, 2005FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4May 20, 2009FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Mar 12, 2013FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 12RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services


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Wu Fei (Chinese: 吴非; pinyin: :Wú Fēi, b. May 12, 1977) is a composer, performer, and improviser from Beijing, China. She mainly performs on the ancient Chinese zither called guzheng, and also sings and plays the piano.[1]
Wu Fei was born in Beijing. She studied composition at the China Conservatory of Music and Mills College in the United States.[1] She has appeared on Fred Frith's albums Eye to Ear II and Eye to Ear III, as well as his soundtrack for the PBS documentary film Thirst and his record, The Happy End Problem.[2]
In Fall 2007, Wu Fei's debut solo record "A Distant Youth" was released on Forrest Hill Records. The records also features Fred Frith (guitar), Carla Kihlstedt (violin), and Helge Andres Norbakken (percussion).
In October 2008, Wu Fei released a CD entitled "YUAN-缘" produced by John Zorn for Tzadik Records of her chamber compositions to be released in fall 2008. One major piece "She Huo-社火" featured on this new record was premiered at the Forbidden City Concert Hall (Beijing) with Percussions Claviers de Lyon in Spring 2007.[2] In 2008, she relocated to New York City.
In October 2009, a music DVD "Shan Qi" was released (Ozella Music, Germany), filmed in the Italian Alps and highlighting Wu Fei and several outstanding European musicians, including Guo Yue, Giovanni Amighetti (also producer), Guido Ponzini, and Helge A. Norbakken.
Wu Fei was the curator for The Stone (NYC) in October 2008.[3][unreliable source?]
In March 2011, Wu Fei gave a live performance on guzheng and voice at the Hermès fashion show during Paris fashion week.[4]
1.1 As guest musician
Yuan – November 2008, Tzadik Records (US)
A Distant Youth – September 2007, Forrest Hill Records (Italy)
Fred Frith: Clearing Customs – February 2011, Intakt Records (Switzerland), a project under Germany's SWR "New Jazz Metting"
Abigail Washburn: City of Refuge – January 11, 2011, Rounder Records (US)
Fred Frith: Eye to Ear III – November 2010, Tzadik Records (US)
Various artists: Shan Qi (DVD) – November 2009, Ozella Music (Germany)
Fred Frith: The Happy End Problem – December 2006
Fred Frith: Eye to Ear II – 2004, Tzadik Records (US)
^ a b Wu Fei Music
^ Wu Fei bids farewell to Denver
^ http://www.nowfashion.com/2011-03-06-hermes-womens-aw11-12-paris--review-48.html
Wu Fei page at All About Jazz
VIAF: 231351030
ISNI: 0000 0000 7104 6357
BNF: cb161376484 (data)
MusicBrainz: cc34ffb8-960f-4548-849c-a53e5863a9b9
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wu_Fei&oldid=737884036"	Categories: 1977 birthsLiving peopleChinese female singersGuzheng playersMusicians from BeijingSingers from BeijingTzadik Records artistsHidden categories: Articles with hCardsArticles containing simplified Chinese-language textAll articles lacking reliable referencesArticles lacking reliable references from July 2008Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiersWikipedia articles with ISNI identifiersWikipedia articles with BNF identifiersWikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers	Navigation menu
EspañolNederlandsNorsk bokmål	Edit links	This page was last modified on 5 September 2016, at 16:23.

value: This website is the English-language edition of the free online encyclopedia Wikipedia. It was founded on 15 January 2001 as Wikipedia's first edition and, as of October 2021, has the most articles of any edition, at 6,412,521.


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Boys & Girls Clubs of America and WellPoint Foundation Announce $10 million National... -- ATLANTA, March 13, 2014 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ --
ATLANTA, March 13, 2014 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- Boys & Girls Clubs of America (BGCA) today announced that the WellPoint Foundation has committed $10 million to serve as a Great Futures signature partner of BGCA's healthy lifestyles platform. Through WellPoint Foundation's significant investment, the partnership will advance BGCA's efforts to combat the growing rate of childhood obesity among our nation's youth through the holistic health and wellness program, Triple Play. Triple Play: A Game Plan for the Mind, Body and Soul, is BGCA's proven health and wellness program co-sponsored by the WellPoint Foundation and founding partner The Coca-Cola Company. Since launching in 2005, Triple Play has made more than 7.6 million connections with kids to share the importance of physical activity and proper nutrition through the program's three components focused on mind, body and soul. WellPoint Foundation's five-year $10 million commitment builds upon a longstanding relationship between the organizations and will help bring critical nutrition and exercise programming to more communities and Clubs throughout the nation. "Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is an essential component for youth to achieve great futures," said Jim Clark, President and CEO of Boys & Girls Clubs of America. "WellPoint Foundation's continued support will help create a culture of wellness at our Clubs and enable us to reach more kids and communities to change the trajectory of youth health. We are truly grateful for their support as a signature partner of our Great Futures Campaign, which seeks to raise the national dialogue and advocate on behalf of all of America's kids. Together, we can transform an entire generation."
The Great Futures Campaign is BGCA's unprecedented initiative to mobilize the country to ensure great futures for America's youth by inspiring the next generation to be successful, healthy and engaged citizens. BGCA, along with our Great Futures partners, is leading the way to assure that every young person who enters our doors is on track to graduate college or career ready, demonstrating good character and living a healthy lifestyle.
The announcement of WellPoint Foundation's groundbreaking support marks the first public partnership of the Campaign. This significant investment is instrumental in enabling BGCA to further its Great Futures Impact Plan in the area of health and wellness. Together with WellPoint Foundation, BGCA has set a goal of 9.1 million connections with the Triple Play program over the next five years. It will help create an environment that emphasizes health and wellness, including nutrition-related activities that underscore portion control, a balanced diet and improving access to healthy food choices. Daily challenges including competitive sports and non-competitive physical activities will help Club members learn to work as part of a team. "Together, with community organizations and nonprofits across the country, WellPoint Foundation is working to improve health and strengthen communities," said Lance Chrisman, WellPoint Foundation executive director. "This grant – the largest in the history of our foundation – is being made because we've seen the success of the Triple Play program first-hand and we know it's critical to the future health of our country. We're proud to work with Boys & Girls Clubs of America to encourage kids to have fun while eating healthier foods, becoming more physically active and feeling better about themselves."
During the past three years, the WellPoint Foundation committed $5 million to support Triple Play as a part of its ongoing work to promote healthy, active lifestyles. Through its Healthy Generations grant platform, WellPoint Foundation identifies public health issues in need of addition and then directs its financial support and volunteer efforts toward improving health in those areas. The new grant will also continue WellPoint Foundation's support for BGCA's Military Youth of the Year. Founded last year with support from WellPoint's National Government Services Foundation, Military Youth of the Year is a distinct component of BGCA's longstanding National Youth of the Year initiative. It honors outstanding teens from BGCA-affiliated youth centers on U.S. military installations worldwide and recognizes one to serve as an advocate for military youth. Learn more about the program and partnership at bgca.org/tripleplay. About Boys & Girls Clubs of AmericaFor more than 100 years, Boys & Girls Clubs of America (GreatFutures.org) has enabled young people most in need to achieve great futures as productive, caring, responsible citizens. Today, more than 4,000 Clubs serve nearly 4 million young people through Club membership and community outreach. Clubs are located in cities, towns, public housing and on Native lands throughout the country, and serve military families in BGCA-affiliated Youth Centers on U.S. military installations worldwide. They provide a safe place, caring adult mentors, fun and friendship, and high-impact youth development programs on a daily basis during critical non-school hours. Club programs promote academic success, good character and citizenship, and healthy lifestyles. In a Harris Survey of alumni, 57 percent said the Club saved their lives. National headquarters are located in Atlanta. Learn more at http://bgca.org/facebook and http://bgca.org/twitter.
About WellPoint FoundationThe WellPoint Foundation is the philanthropic arm of WellPoint, Inc. and through charitable contributions and programs, the Foundation promotes the inherent commitment of WellPoint, Inc. to enhance the health and well-being of individuals and families in communities that WellPoint, Inc. and its affiliated health plans serve. The Foundation focuses its funding on strategic initiatives that address and provide innovative solutions to health care challenges, as well as promoting the Healthy Generations Program, a multi-generational initiative that targets specific disease states and medical conditions. These disease states and medical conditions include: prenatal care in the first trimester, low birth weight babies, cardiac morbidity rates, long term activities that decrease obesity and increase physical activity, diabetes prevalence in adult populations, adult pneumococcal and influenza vaccinations and smoking cessation. The Foundation also coordinates the company's annual associate giving campaign and provides a 50 percent match of associates' campaign pledges. To learn more about the WellPoint Foundation, please visit www.wellpointfoundation.org and its blog at http://wellpointfoundation.tumblr.com. Logo - http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20130710/MM44829-b SOURCE Boys & Girls Clubs of America RELATED LINKS

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Crystal Passions Swarovski Round Bead - 4mm Violet Purple Lavendar (12)
C $1.59 to C $5.31
+C $3.35 shipping	36+ sold
C $2.33 to C $8.71 Was: Previous Price
C $7.61 to C $10.69
C $2.01 to C $4.12 Was: Previous Price
Crystal Passions Swarovski Round Bead - 4mm Amethyst Purple (12)
50 Cream Swarovski Crystal 5810 Pearl Round Beads 3MM
C $2.73 to C $8.71 Was: Previous Price
Crystal Passions Swarovski Round Bead - 4mm Indian Pink (12)
Swarovski Crystal 5000 6mm Round Beads - EMERALD SATIN (12 PCS)