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Pratt & Whitney to Provide PurePower® Engines on Trans States Holdings Order of 50 Firm Embraer Contact Us
dansk	Deutsch	español	Français	italiano	Nederlands	norsk	português	suomeksi	svenska	Pratt & Whitney to Provide PurePower® Engines on Trans States Holdings Order of 50 Firm Embraer E-Jets
from Pratt & Whitney FARNBOROUGH, England, July 16, 2014 /PRNewswire/ -- FARNBOROUGH AIRSHOW -- Pratt & Whitney has entered into a letter of intent to provide exclusive power for 50 firm Embraer E-Jets E2 aircraft, for an order announced by Embraer and Trans States Holdings, Inc. Deliveries are scheduled to begin in 2020. The deal includes a 12-year PureSolution(SM) maintenance service agreement. Pratt & Whitney is a United Technologies Corp. (NYSE: UTX) company.
"Pratt & Whitney is excited that Trans States has chosen to add Pratt & Whitney powered E-Jets E2 aircraft to its fleet," said Dave Brantner, president, Pratt & Whitney Commercial Engines. "This selection is a testament to the nearly 10,000 hours of testing and more than 1,400 hours of flight testing that the PurePower family has completed." Established in 1998, Trans States Holdings, Inc. is the largest privately held regional airline holding company in America and the parent company of three regional airlines, Trans States Airlines, GoJet Airlines and Compass Airlines. It has code share relationships with American Airlines, Delta Air Lines, United Airlines and US Airways, and serves over 11 million passengers annually, with over 600 daily flights serving over 100 cities. The company employs over 3,300 employees and is headquartered in St. Louis, Missouri. Throughout its 40-year history, Embraer has been involved in all aspects of aviation. In addition to design, development, manufacturing, sales and technical support for commercial, agricultural and executive aviation, Embraer also offers integrated solutions for defense and security. It has produced more than 5,000 aircraft that operate in 80 countries on five continents, and it is the market leader for commercial jets with up to 120 seats. Embraer manufactures executive jets, and is now entering a new level in the defense segment.
Pratt & Whitney is a world leader in the design, manufacture and service of aircraft engines, auxiliary power units, and small turbojet propulsion products. United Technologies Corp., based in Hartford, Connecticut, provides high technology products and services to the building and aerospace industries. To learn more about UTC, visit its website at www.utc.com, or follow the company on Twitter: @UTC. This press release contains forward-looking statements concerning future business opportunities. Actual results may differ materially from those projected as a result of certain risks and uncertainties, including but not limited to changes in levels of demand in the aerospace industry, in levels of air travel, and in the number of aircraft to be built; challenges in the design, development, production and support of advanced technologies; as well as other risks and uncertainties, including but not limited to those detailed from time to time in United Technologies Corps.' Securities and Exchange Commission filings.
For more information, go to www.pw.utc.com Facebook: www.facebook.com/prattandwhitney Twitter: www.twitter.com/prattandwhitney YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/prattandwhitney1925 Sara Banda Pratt & WhitneyInt'l Cell +1-860-202-8644 Sara.banda@pw.utc.com
Preview: Pratt & Whitney Signs F135 Depot Activation Contract with AIM Norway
Jul 16, 2014, 07:37 ET
Preview: Pratt & Whitney to Provide PurePower® Engines on Air Mandalay Order for Six Mitsubishi Regional Jets

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ACEO PRINT - Walk on a Windy Day - art, dogs, pets, mutts, Labrador, landscape | eBay
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A Muslim woman near a mosque in Vienna. Austria’s ban on the full facial veil is one element of legislation intended to improve the integration of immigrants, an official said.CreditCreditJoe Klamar/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images
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A holistic approach to revolutioniz...
by Higland
Time to Rethink Process Automation ...
BY ARC ADVISORY GROUP DECEMBER 2001 Trends in Process Field Devices for AutomationExecutive Overview ................................................................................ 3New Field Measurements Needed .......................................................... 4Soft Sensors Stage a Comeback ............................................................. 6Innovative Uses of Ultrasonic Waves ....................................................... 8Old Measurements Go Mainstream ...................................................... 10Vertical Applications Key to Success of Model Based Systems.................. 11Benefits and Drawbacks of Inferential Measurement .............................. 13Enterprise & Automation Strategies for Industry Executives 2.
ARC Strategies • December 2001 NEW MEASUREMENTS Real-time Corrosion Soft Sensors Interface Leak Detection Pressure Flow Model-based Multiphase Flow TRADITIONAL MEASUREMENTS Vertical Solutions Level Temperature Analytical Product Quality Viscosity Real-time Analytical Entrained Air2 • ARCweb.com • Copyright © ARC Advisory Group 3.
ARC Strategies • December 2001Executive OverviewDemanding measurement applications are growing rapidly across allindustries. Suppliers recognizing the enormous opportunity are developingnew and enhanced measurements. New measurement solutions hitting themarket include viscosity, corrosion, and vertical solutions.Soft sensors are a rapidly growing solution for measurement applications.Soft sensors are the only answer for many applications where hardmeasurements are unavailable. Today’s soft sensors are widely used in thepower industry to continuously monitor environmental dis- Despite the high level ofcharges such as the emissions from combustion units to meet commonality of measurements infederal, state, and local regulations. Soft sensors, however, are process systems between industries,gaining acceptance across all the process industries in a wide va- there are many unique processriety of applications. Obstacles still remain, however, including measurements needed in each.issues such as measurement validation.Ultrasonic technology is findings its way into virtually every processmeasurement. Most commonly used to measure flow rate, level, and density,ultrasonic techniques are now making inroads into temperature, and inter-face detection applications. Not only is ultrasonic technology capable ofmeasuring these parameters, it often exceeds the performance of the currentmainstream technologies.Corrosion measurement has been employed for decades to monitor corrosionrates of critical pipelines. Old corrosion instruments relied on off-line sampletechniques by measuring the reduction of weight of disposable coupons. Theimpracticality of making off-line measurements limited its use until IntercorrInternational met the challenge by releasing the first on-line real-timecorrosion monitor to measure localized corrosion of pipelines and equip-ment.Despite the high level of commonality of measurements in process systemsbetween industries, there are many unique process measurements needed ineach. Direct instrumentation, process analyzers or soft sensor sensors cannotmeasure many production specific parameters. Intangible parameters can bevery complex properties of a substance such as taste, creaminess, color orsoftness, which can only be subjectively defined. Comprehensive modelbased process applications are meeting the demand for industry specific Copyright © ARC Advisory Group • ARCweb.com • 3 4.
ARC Strategies • December 2001 solutions. When adopting these solutions, however, drawbacks of the solu- tion must be considered from the onset to have a successful implementation. New Field Measurements Needed Traditional process control field devices commonly known as the “four horsemen” provide four main categories of measurements: pressure, temperature, flow, and level. New faster response online analytical devices are providing near real-time measurements and increasingly have been used as a mainstream process measurement however, as broad as these measure- ments are, collectively they still cannot provide the total insight needed for today’s complex processes. Demanding applications are growing rapidly in all industries particu- larly in the emerging biotech industry, which now has over 4000 companies world-wide up from just a few hundred less than 3 years ago. This unprecedented growth offers an enormous opportunity for suppliers to develop new and enhanced measurements beyond the traditional four and analytical. Increasing cost reduction targets oc- curring in all industries is compounding the situation and rendering once satisfactory measurements and processes obsolete in the quest to increase margins. Additionally, recent biological terrorist events have renewed the push for faster development of vaccines and new drugs to combat the suddenly heightened worldwide threat.Pressure, Temperature, Flow, and Level Asset management solutions continue to be a hot topic due to its po- tential savings in time and labor in the day-to-day operation of the plant. Coined Plant Asset Management (PAM), asset management solutions have become a critical strategy in many plants that are trying to squeeze that extra bit of production from their plants. PAM applications have progressed sig- nificantly in recent years. Once used strictly to analyze trends using the automation system’s historian and identify abnormal trends, PAM ap- plications have expanded to embedding artificial intelligent model based solutions to obtain more accurate health status and, in some cases, extend the useful life of the measurement by quantifying the problems, correcting the output, and validating the signal while sending a low level alert highlighting potential issues with the unit.4 • ARCweb.com • Copyright © ARC Advisory Group 5.
ARC Strategies • December 2001Field device suppliers are taking up the slack by offering new innovativereal-time hard sensors coupled with intelligent software to provide themeasurement of desired property. More sophisticated field device solutionsare expected with the increasing adoption of fieldbus, which allows easyaccess to every online measurement on the bus. The rich data set offered byFieldbus, coupled with increased intelligence, will enable the local field de-vice to use model based techniques to infer the measurement of new parame-ters previously unavailable.Field devices are following a natural product life cycle evolution as they ex-pand functionally. For example, ultrasonic level principle is being used in anincreasing number of hard measurements ranging from flow, and tempera-ture, to leak detection and nondestructive vessel testing. Field devicesuppliers are breaking away from traditional roles and usingtechnology to broaden their appeal in the ever-tightening market.By developing products to go beyond their traditional roles, vi-sionary field device suppliers are creating a strong launch padinto future markets and other lines of business. Expect to see in-creasing growth in combined hardware and the softwaresolutions in this area. Needed MeasurementsDespite the improvements in analytical measurements, the lack Viscosityof appropriate on-line instrumentation and reliability of on-line Entrained Airinstruments have forced users to depend on laboratory analysesresulting in infrequent and irregular and long analysis delays. ConsistencyLaboratory analyses may also be subject to reliability problems. Measurement ValidationOn-line sensors may be available but suffer from long measure- Leak Detectionment delays (e.g. gas chromatographs) or subject to factors that Multi-Phase Flowaffect the reliability of the sensor (e.g. drifts and fouling). In Real-time Analyticaleither case, automatic control and optimization schemes cannot Product Qualitybe implemented and, as a result, process performance is de- Bio Cell Productiongraded. CorrosionLeft unattended, the problems of delays and unreliable meas- Pipe Coatingurement manifest themselves into critical problems that affectproduct quality and availability of production. Critical problemssuch as these can quickly devour the last bit of shrinking margin to drive en-terprises into the red. Fortunately, field device suppliers have recognizedthis need and are working hard to provide new online real-time measure-ments. Progress in many areas, however, continues to be slow compared todemand. Copyright © ARC Advisory Group • ARCweb.com • 5 6.
ARC Strategies • December 2001 Soft Sensors Stage a Comeback Automatic control enables and facilitates consistent production. To achieve these goals, however, controllers require regular and reliable measurements at the appropriate frequency. Some slow reacting processes can do with in- frequent sample measurements but most demand continuous attention to maintain a narrow band of uncertainty for consistent product quality. Processes are tough on instru- Technology Function Inferential Measurement mentation. Process pressure Ultrasonic Flow & Level Transit Time & Frequency shift and temperature can exceed limits of field devices, high am- Magnetic Flow Milli -Volts bient temperature can cook Orifice/Venturi/Pitot/Nozzle Flow Differential Pressure electronics, and the inaccessibil- Radar Level Frequency ity of the measurement location RTD Temperature Resistance may make physical measure- ments impractical. When hard Turbine & PD Flow Rotor Speed measurements are unavailable, Common Inferential Field Devices soft sensors may be the only answer. Soft sensors, also known as inferential model-based analyzers, are programs that primarily use secondary measurements combined with mod- eling methods to develop process input-output variable relationships. Soft sensors use mathematics to estimate either the value of product properties measured in the laboratory, properties measured infrequently on-line or that take an inordinate amount of time to measure, or properties not measured at all. Soft sensors utilize easy to measure process variables such as pressure, flow, density, or temperature to estimate the value of an important property and make the data immediately available to operators and control systems. Because many of the desired primary measurements are directly related to one or more secondary variables, measurement of previously unavailable parameters is readily possible by using secondary variables to infer the state of a quality or primary variable. For example, liquid composition can be de- fined by pressure and temperature, concentration by density, and biomass growth can be linked to CO2 evolution and feed rate. The process of inferential measurement is quite common and has been in use by suppliers for decades to measure flow and level. For example, magmeters measure electrical potential, orifices measure differential pressure, and ultra- sonic flowmeters measure transit time for both flow and level measurements.6 • ARCweb.com • Copyright © ARC Advisory Group 7.
ARC Strategies • December 2001What is different in today’s solution is the complex modeling techniques ap-plied to standard measurements.By modeling the relationship between a primary output and secondary out-put the response time can approach that of a typical online process meas-urement. Suppliers such as Pavilion, Aspen Technology, Optima PSE, andShell Global Systems are investing in this approach to provide soft sensorsto replace analytical measurements. Instead of waiting 15-30 minutes for agas chromatograph to complete its analysis, the inferential measurementsystem could be returning estimates of compositions every few seconds.Field device suppliers are also investigating the opportunities for these tech- Emissionsniques to provide enhanced performance such as increasing the low range Measurementmeasurement of vortex flow meters and modeling of fluid mixtures toenhance concentration measurements. Increasing sophistication of modelingtechniques now make them sufficiently accurate to use inferential measure-ment as direct feedback for automatic control. Despite their performance,many users continue to use inferential soft sensor measurement in conjunc-tion with traditional off line techniques to optimize measurements.Soft sensors are widely used in the power industry to continuously monitorenvironmental discharges such as emissions from combustion units to meetfederal, state, and local regulations. Typically software solutions extract datafrom the process historian to build the model. Once built, the soft sensor willmonitor and predict air emissions in real-time. Pavilions Soft Sensor tech-nology for air emissions, CEM Software, is typical of these solutions.Working with the EPA, Pavilion has installed 250 software solutionsthroughout the US. The documentation generated is a necessary step in theapproval process that, in many cases, must be replicated for each local utility.Using similar modeling techniques suppliers are developing measurementvalidation by employing rules at the lowest measurement level. To accom-plish this, automated program models are applied to key process variablesby taking advantage of redundant information contained in process instru-mentation. Predicted value is then compared against the actual measuredkey variable to determine if it is operating correctly or not. If the input issuspect, an alarm is triggered; signaling for maintenance attention and con-trol action can be programmed for application specific action whilepreventing the use of suspect data. Copyright © ARC Advisory Group • ARCweb.com • 7 8.
ARC Strategies • December 2001 Despite their benefits, operators typically still do not totally trust the reliabil- ity of soft sensors. Many users point to the inability to quickly test, check, and calibrate a soft sensor solution that is standard operating procedure rou- tinely performed on direct instrumentation. Previous initial solutions have also produced inconsistent readings and because instrumentation technicians grew up with physical measurements, they are biased toward hard meas- urements and suspect the readings of soft. Bad memories are hard to erase and for soft sensors to continue their move into mainstream applications, ad- ditional enhancements are needed to allow measurement checks to ease the fears of operators. Innovative Uses of Ultrasonic Waves Ultrasonic technology is findings its way into virtually every process meas- urement. Traditionally used to measure flow rate, level, and density, ultrasonic techniques are now being applied to measure temperature, viscos- ity, and interface detection. Not only is ultrasonic technology capable of measuring these parameters, it often exceeds the performance of the current mainstream technologies such as RTD temperature probes and vibration type viscometers. Temperature can be measured with a multitude of sensors such as thermo- couples, infrared, thermistors, and RTDs. Caldon, a niche ultrasonic supplier, utilizes ultrasonic technology in its LEFM meter to accurately measure feedwater temperature in nuclear power plants. Sound velocity of a fluid is determined by the ratio of its compressibility and its density. For specific liquids such as pure water, compressibility and density are linked to various characteristics like temperature and pressure. As a result of this interdependence, it is quite easy, with the right model, to infer temperature Ultrasonic from the sound velocity through the fluid and pressure. Technology Using mean pulsed time from its meter combined with an external pres- sure input Caldon’s LEFM meter precisely calculates the temperature of high temperature feed water exceeding 450 deg Fahrenheit. Sound velocity can be determined within 1 part in 1000 yielding an accuracy of +/- .3 percent, which is a significant improvement over the typical RTD performance of +/- 2.6 percent in this application. Other suppliers are investigating the use of high speed 22 bit software in a multi-input transmitter to approach fast re-8 • ARCweb.com • Copyright © ARC Advisory Group 9.
ARC Strategies • December 2001sponse highly accurate temperature measurement to within .0005 degreesCelsius for the semiconductor industry in the production of the next genera-tion of processors.Viscosity can be determined in a similar way by measuring the attenuationof ultrasonic signals as they pass through the viscous liquid. Despite thesimplicity of the concept for both temperature and viscosity measurement anumber of parameters such as distance of travel, sonic velocity, pressuremeasurement and the allowance for transmission delays in the liquid mustbe accurately determined. Ultrasonic technology is one of the fastest re-sponding measurement methods, which makes this technology ideal fordetermining the interface between two different fluids transported through Nuclear Powerpipelines carrying finished petroleum products coast to coast. ApplicationsCaldon’s Sountrack measures viscosity, density and interface using one ormultiple ultrasonic transducers mounted in a simple ring that is simply in-stalled between a pair of process pipe flanges. Interface can be detectedwithin one second and kinematic viscosity can be determined within +/-.04centistokes (cSt).Caldon, best known for pioneering approval from the Nuclear RegulatoryCommission (NRC) for power up rates in nuclear power plants based on im-proved feedwater flow measurement, introduced a new eight-path transittime flowmeter for custody transfer applications that may prove to be one ofthe most accurate meters in the world. Multipath ultrasonic technologygained user mass acceptance in the natural gas industry after approval by theAmerican Gas Association in 1998. Krohne, Daniels, FMC and Instromet allhave released products utilizing multipath technology. The combination ofno moving parts with high reliability and high performance is hard to ignore.Ultrasonic technology is increasingly the technology of choice for leak detec-tion of long pipelines. Krohne, Panametrics, and Controlotron offer leakdetection systems. Caldon’s new LineWatch dynamic leak detection systemsis a prime example of these solutions, which can be used on existing pipe-lines to cost-effectively comply with environmental guidelines and regula-tions. LineWatch can determine the location of a sudden break or leak in thepipeline by measuring and timing the pressure waves created by such anevent. Caldon also manufactures a static leak detection system used princi-pally for jet fuel delivery lines in commercial and military airports, whichrequires significantly less down time than other technologies. Copyright © ARC Advisory Group • ARCweb.com • 9 10.
ARC Strategies • December 2001 Old Measurements Go Mainstream Corrosion is not new and has been employed for decades to measure corro- sion rates of critical pipelines, the main artery of the oil & gas industry. Traditional instruments, however, relied on the reduction of weight of dis- posable coupons. The impracticality of making this off-line measurement limited its use to the detriment of equipment and the safety of the personnel running the plant. The increasing popularity of equipment condition moni- toring and plant asset management indirectly pushed corrosion monitoring into the spotlight. Intercorr International met the challenge by releasing the first on-line real-time corrosion monitor to measure general corrosion and, more importantly, the localized corrosion that represents the bulk of corro- sion failures. Intercorr’s SmartCET is a cost-effective electrochemical multi-technique corrosion monitoring instrument that measures corrosion using tech- niques such as electrochemical noise, Linear Polarization Resistance (LPR), Harmonic Distortion (HD), Galvanic Current (GC), and Hydrogen Per- meation Current (HP). The system consists of a wetted 2- or 3- electrode probe with a companion transmitter/computer to compute corrosion rate. By releasing the first online monitor, Intercorr has provided users a means to perform low cost corrosion measurements with information immedi- Real-Time Corrosion Monitoring ately available whether onshore or offshore, local or remote. SmartCET also provides users the opportunity for direct interfacing between corro- sion, chemical injection, process control, and maintenance management sys- tems to allow personnel to take appropriate remedial action Yamatake’s Smart Plus One gas chromatograph is the world’s smallest natu- ral gas analyzer that fits in the palm of your hand. Previous products needed large amounts of real estate and were typically the size of a small refrigera- tor. SmartPlus is one of the first introductions of the new trend of miniaturized analyzer on a chip. The small size of future field devices will expand measurement possibilities and include variables that were previously inconceivable.10 • ARCweb.com • Copyright © ARC Advisory Group 11.
ARC Strategies • December 2001Vertical Applications Key to Success ofModel Based SystemsDespite the high level of commonality of measurements in process systemsbetween industries, there are many unique process measurements needed ineach. Some of these go unattended and left for the operator to control thebest they can with limited knowledge by juggling seemingly contradictoryneeds. The resulting inefficiency wastes raw materials, finished productsand time that can never be recovered.Direct instrumentation, process analyzers, and soft sensor sensors cannotmeasure many production specific parameters. These intangible parameterscan be found in virtually every industrial segment with many concentratedin the oil & gas industry. Intangible parameters can be very complex proper-ties of a substance such as taste, creaminess, color or softness, which can onlybe subjectively defined. Although an intangible parameter can be tied tophysical properties of the substance, there is typically no known definition.Typically, intangible parameters must be measured without having any de-tailed knowledge of the parameter.Comprehensive model based process applications are meeting the demand tomeasure intangible parameters with industry specific solutions. Using infer-ential modeling techniques, industry specific systems takes soft sensortechnology to a much higher level that many times is a semi-customized so-lution for an industrial process or particular plant.Final product quality isn’t the only quality assurance necessary to meetcustomer standards and regulatory requirements, interim product qual-ity in the production is increasingly needed to allow time to take actionon off-spec products. With the high production rates mandated by effi-cient production, time is of the essence, making online real-time Model Based Softwarecontinuous measurements necessary.Complex non-linear models can be built using neural networks, genetic pro-gramming, partial least squares, algebraic, hybrid neural, and regressiontechnologies. PSE Optima offers Product Quality Estimator solutions an em-pirical modeling tool to develop on-line models for estimating productquality from process measurements in real-time or with engineering correla-tions or user engineering correlations. This approach has proven to be a veryeffective means for on-line estimation of polymer properties. Typically, his- Copyright © ARC Advisory Group • ARCweb.com • 11 12.
ARC Strategies • December 2001 torical process data is used to develop models of key process and quality variables to be placed on-line. These models are updated online with lab re- sults (or analyzers if available). Virtually all performance optimization companies are offering non-linear model solutions today for use in oil & gas, refining, food processing, petrochemical, power, chemicals, mining, and pulp & paper industries. Specific process parameters and quality measure-Suppliers Product ments inferred on-line are very dependent on theAspenTech AspenIQ specific process and product requirements. Today’sGensym NeurOn-line excellent examples of solutions include: Melt index,Pavilion Technologies Property Predictor Tray Temperature, Mooney, Naphtha 95% point,Shell Global Solutions RQE Catalyst Mileage, Polymer residence time and Sheet color and opacity.Honeywell Profit SensorEmerson Process Intelligent Sensor Toolkit Because these parameters can drastically changeManagement with process operational changes it may be neces-Invensys/Pacific FACTNET sary to use an adaptive inferential measurementSimulations scheme by augmenting the estimated parameter Typical Soft Sensor Solutions with slow off-line measurements. This will correlate values generated by the parameter estimator with measured values and compensate the measurement model to more represen- tative values. In this adaptive framework, the slower measured primary output is fed to the faster parameter estimator, which updates the inferential measurement model when available. An excellent example of a model based vertical application solution is ABB’s OptimizeIT Well Monitoring System for estimating the flow rates of oil, gas, and water from individual wells in an oil field. OptimizeIT Well may be used as a software multiphase flowmeter, as a Reliability Tool, and as a Pro- duction Allocation System. OptimizeIT Well can also detect water or gas breakthrough, predict the production rate with high accuracy, provide re- dundancy, and validate specific measurements from the well’s instrumentation. OptimizeIT Well is based on data from standard well instrumentation that is designed to handle any configuration of well instrumentation, making the solution easily transferable from region to region and, therefore, suitable for any user around the globe. Calculations are based on a mechanistic model for multiphase flow and a full, compositional model of the fluid. ABB’s ap- proach to calculating all fluid properties using the full model is superior to12 • ARCweb.com • Copyright © ARC Advisory Group 13.
ARC Strategies • December 2001methods based on interpolation of tabulated data most commonly used incommercially available multiphase fluid simulation programs.Model-based measurement products typically come from software optimiza-tion companies that take reams of data to predict the measurement withoutdirect knowledge of the sensor making the measurement. Direct involve-ment of sensor manufacturers such as ABB helps to expand this techniquefurther. With collaboration of sensor and software suppliers, development ofnew innovative measurements may result.Benefits and Drawbacks of InferentialMeasurementDespite the relatively simple concept of inferential measurement and thestraightforward inferential model building techniques given the abundanceof computer-aided tools, there are a number of important things to bear inmind when adopting inferential model based solutions.BenefitsHere are some of the benefits that you can expect from successful inferentialmeasurement and control scheme:• Faster return of information. Process upsets can be detected quicker and remedial action can be taken before it is too late. Validation Key For• Increasing standard “shrink wrapped” vertical solutions reduce model- Continued Adoption ing time and lowers implementation cost.• The inferential estimates carry a fair degree of feedforward in- formation. For example, disturbances affecting tray temperatures in a distillation column in a refinery may show up much later in the product compositions but will immediately be reflected in the composition esti- mates.• Reducing human involvement in the control loop increases consistent production.• Better process control can be achieved. Copyright © ARC Advisory Group • ARCweb.com • 13 14.
ARC Strategies • December 2001 • Increased scope for process optimization leading to higher profit-ability. Drawbacks Drawbacks are few. Here are the major issues that need consideration for successful implementation: • High cost model based solutions will not replace on-line field de-vices any time soon. They can, however, provide the only real alternative. • Data conditioning can be time consuming - Delete data with abnormali- ties since the old adage rubbish in, rubbish out applies. • Selection of appropriate secondary inputs can be difficult – Select the least number of variables to develop a model of sufficient accuracy. • Estimator testing must be rigorous- test model over a broad range and account for changing process conditions. • Measurement mistrust from operators and the inability to calibrate or to check the measurement. This, however, is becoming less of an issue now with measurement validation enhanced solutions.14 • ARCweb.com • Copyright © ARC Advisory Group 15.
ARC Strategies • December 2001Analyst: Wil ChinEditor: David ClaytonDistribution: All MAS-P & MAS-H ClientsAcronym Reference: For a complete list of industry acronyms, refer to our webpage at www.arcweb.com/arcweb/Community/terms/indterms.htmAI Artificial Intelligence EPA Environmental Protection AgencyANSIAmerican National Standards Institute ERP Enterprise Resource PlanningAPI Application Program Interface GC Galvanic CurrentAPS Advanced Planning & Scheduling HD Harmonic DistortionB2B Business-to-Business HP Hydrogen Permeation CurrentB2C Business-to-Consumer MRP Materials Resource PlanningBPR Business Process Reengineering OLE Object Linking & EmbeddingCAGRCompound Annual Growth Rate OPC OLE for Process ControlCAN Controller Area Network NRC Nuclear Regulatory CommissionCMM Collaborative Manufacturing PAM Plant Asset Management Management PD Positive DisplacementCNC Computer Numeric Control RTD Resistance Temperature DetectorCPG Consumer Packaged Goods SCE Supply Chain ExecutionCRM Customer Relationship Management SPC Statistical Process ControlEAI Enterprise Application Integration TMS Transportation Management SystemEAM Enterprise Asset Management WAH Web Application HostingEC Electronic Commerce WMS Warehouse Management SystemFounded in 1986, ARC Advisory Group is the leader in providing strategic plan-ning and technology assessment services to leading manufacturing companies,utilities, and global logistics providers, as well as to software and solution suppli-ers worldwide. From Global 1000 companies to small start-up firms, ARCprovides the strategic knowledge needed to succeed in today’s technology driveneconomy.ARC Strategies is published monthly by ARC. All information in this report is pro-prietary to and copyrighted by ARC. No part of it may be reproduced withoutprior permission from ARC.You can take advantage of ARCs extensive ongoing research plus experience ofour staff members through our Advisory Services. ARC’s Advisory Services arespecifically designed for executives responsible for developing strategies anddirections for their organizations. For subscription information, please call, fax, orwrite to: ARC Advisory Group, Three Allied Drive, Dedham, MA 02026 USA Tel: 781-471-1000, Fax: 781-471-1100, Email: info@ARCweb.com Visit our web page at ARCweb.com Copyright © ARC Advisory Group • ARCweb.com • 15 16.
Time to Rethink Process Automation Systems
Beyond the Perfect Order Metric: DSRs and Shelf Level Collaboration @ ARC's 2...

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Patent US5748527 - Nonvolatile memory having transistor redundancy - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA flash memory array comprises a primary row line and a redundant row line each having memory cells therealong. A method of accessing the flash memory array comprises preprogramming all said memory cells. Next, all memory cells are erased simultaneously. Subsequently, all memory cells along the primary...http://www.google.com/patents/US5748527?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5748527 - Nonvolatile memory having transistor redundancyAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS5748527 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 08/710,917Publication dateMay 5, 1998Filing dateSep 24, 1996Priority dateFeb 23, 1995Fee statusPaidAlso published asUS5559742Publication number08710917, 710917, US 5748527 A, US 5748527A, US-A-5748527, US5748527 A, US5748527AInventorsRoger R. Lee, Fernando GonzalezOriginal AssigneeMicron Technology, Inc.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (6), Referenced by (26), Classifications (9), Legal Events (4) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetNonvolatile memory having transistor redundancy
US 5748527 AAbstract
1. A method of programming a nonvolatile memory array, said memory array comprising at least primary and redundant conductive lines each having memory elements therealong, said method comprising the steps of:preprogramming all said memory elements along said primary and said redundant conductive lines; subsequent to said step of preprogramming, erasing all said memory elements along said primary and redundant conductive lines; and selecting a unique redundant signal path associated with said redundant conductive line to selectively program said memory elements along said redundant conductive line, wherein said memory elements along said primary conductive line are not read during any read cycle. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein said step of erasing all memory elements includes simultaneously erasing all said memory elements along said primary and redundant conductive lines.
6. A method of programming a nonvolatile memory array, said memory array comprising a plurality of primary row lines including a first primary row line, at least one redundant row line, and a plurality of column lines wherein each said primary row line has memory cells therealong, said method comprising the steps of:placing a first voltage on said first primary row line and on said plurality of column lines, and placing a second voltage lower than said first voltage on said plurality of row lines except said first primary row line, thereby programming all said memory cells along said first primary row line; subsequent to said step of programming all memory cells along said first primary row line, selectively programming said memory cells along said redundant row line, wherein said memory elements along said first primary row line are not read during any read cycle. 7. The method of claim 6 wherein threshold voltages of said memory cells along said redundant row line do not change substantially during said step of programming all memory cells along said first primary row line.
15. The method of claim 14 further comprising the steps of:applying a first potential to said redundant signal path associated with said redundant conductive line and a second potential to said redundant signal path associated with said primary conductive line; responsive to said application of said potentials to said redundant signal paths of said conductive lines, coupling said redundant conductive line with a first voltage signal and coupling said primary conductive line with a second voltage signal different from said first voltage signal. 16. The method of claim 15 wherein said step of coupling said conductive lines with said voltage signals includes a unique pass transistor associated with each said redundant signal path.
20. A method of programming a nonvolatile memory device comprising the following steps:providing a memory address; applying a first potential to a first redundancy signal path thereby coupling a first row line associated with said first redundancy signal path and with said address to a first voltage signal; and applying a second potential different from said first potential to a second redundancy signal path thereby coupling a second row line associated with said second redundancy signal path and with said address to a second voltage signal different from said first voltage signal. 21. The method of claim 20 further comprising the following steps:applying a third potential to a first primary signal path associated with said first row line while applying said first potential to said first redundancy signal path; applying said third voltage to a second primary signal path associated with said second row line while applying said second potential to said second redundancy signal path. 22. The method of claim 21 wherein said application of said first and second voltages includes a first unique pass transistor associated with said first redundancy signal path and a unique pass transistor associated with said second redundancy signal path.
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text:
Top QB Target - Texas-San Antonio - Scout
Top QB TargetIRS Staff04/06/2013Because of it's distance from the major cities around the state, sometimes the Panhandle of Northern Texas is overlooked. Amarillo Palo Duro produced two BCS signees last cycle and this QB prospect from Canadian HS looks to follow that path.After a junior season that saw Ben Arbuckle pass for 3683 yards, 45 TD's, and a completion percentage of 65%, he's already prepping in off season conditioning to get ready for an even better senior campaign.
Humbled by the entire process, Arbuckle is still awaiting his first offer. But in general recruiting is going good for the 6'4" 189lb QB. A list of programs have sent letters or made contact, but there are four schools who have been recruiting Arbuckle the hardest: UTSA, Oklahoma State, Baylor and Houston.
There's even better news for RunnerNation.
"I'm still approaching recruiting with an open mind. If I had to name a favorite, UTSA would probably be it. My mom, she's the one you have to really convince. The coaches really impressed her on how they just started up the program and are running it. I said if I wanted to go to San Antonio, she'd let me go," said Arbuckle.
Arbuckle is in the mold of a pro style quarterback. His team runs a wide open air raid offense where they sling the ball up and down the field. He's comfortable dropping back, has good arm strength and his completion percentage shows his accuracy.
He's working on improving his speed as he last reported a 4.9-40. Don't let that fool you though, Arbuckle does show good mobility in being able to get outside of the pocket and can either roll right or left. From a distance standpoint, Ben has now problem chucking it 58-63 yards down field.
Ben did attend the junior day back in February and that's where UTSA started to stand out.
"The campus at UTSA, that place was really nice. It's in the middle of all those trees you almost can't see it from the freeway. The location really drew me to it. The coaching staff. I've been more impressed with them more than any coaching staff."
Arbuckle will be attending the UTSA spring game on Sunday April 14th. He and his family plan on making the 11 hour drive down from Canadian. Then the following weekend, he'll make the trip up to Stillwater to catch OSU's spring game the following Saturday.
For his play this past season, Arbuckle earned District 1-2A Offensive MVP and 2nd Team Allstate Associated Press.Trending on ScoutPat Bowlen Recently HospitalizedLouisville set for massive Junior DayRyan Leaf doing well, sharing addiction storyClay Helton breaks down offensive recruitsWATCH: Top Five Broncos Of All-TimeShare & EmbedUTSA NSD Press Conference Full StoryNow PlayingUTSA NSD Press Conference3:01UTSA Falls to WKU, 83-712:01Signing Class Overview2:01UTSA Signing Day HQ2:01Five Pledges in Two DaysAuto-PlayInside Runner Sports Top StoriesUTSA Falls to WKU, 83-71UTSA battled back after a slow start but came up short to Western Kentucky Thursday night in Conference USA action.by JJ PerezInside Runner SportsThursday at 7:36 PMUTSA NSD Press ConferenceHead Coach Frank Wilson officially announced his 2016 recruiting Wednesday afternoon. InsideRunnerSports brings you coverage from the press conference.by JJ PerezInside Runner SportsWednesday at 1:30 PMSigning Class OverviewHead Coach Frank Wilson will officially announce his signing class Wednesday afternoon. But Letters of Intent began rolling in at 7am. We take a look at the players who have signed…by JJ PerezInside Runner SportsWednesday at 9:30 AMUTSA Signing Day HQNew Head Coach Frank Wilson will sign his first recruiting class at UTSA Wednesday. InsideRunnerSports has updates throughout the day.by JJ PerezInside Runner SportsTuesday at 8:00 PMFive Pledges in Two DaysUTSA’s new coaching staff has made the most of the limited recruiting time available prior to National Signing Day. Over the last two days, UTSA has secured five verbal commitments…by JJ PerezInside Runner SportsMonday at 7:26 PMFirst Pitch Baseball BanquetUTSA Baseball will be holding their annual First Pitch Banquet next Saturday.by JJ PerezInside Runner Sports01/29/2016UTSA Lands LSU TransferLSU Linebacker/Fullback Ronnie Feist announced Thursday he will transfer to UTSA.by JJ PerezInside Runner Sports01/28/2016Recruiting WeekendIt’s the final weekend for official visits prior to National Signing Day. Keep it on InsideRunnerSports.com for all of the updates.by JJ PerezInside Runner Sports01/29/2016Mississippi OL Talks CommitmentOn Tuesday, UTSA landed the pledge of Mississippi Offensive Lineman Josh Oatis from West Harrison High School. Oatis talks with InsideRunnerSports about committing.

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CITY MEETS COUNTRY AT BULL RUN JAMBOREE - The Washington Post
CITY MEETS COUNTRY AT BULL RUN JAMBOREE
Al Farrington is no kind of cowboy, urban or otherwise. A 25-year-old graduate of Indiana University, Farrington has bounced around Michigan and New Jersey, lives in Fairfax and works a coat-and-tie job downtown with a big mortgage broker.
But yesterday afternoon Farrington was wading through mud and a sea of ten-gallon hats at Bull Run Regional Park in Fairfax County, drawn there by the whine of fiddles and the twang of pedal steel guitars. It was oppressively humid, and Farrington figures himself as mostly a rock-and-roll kind of guy. But somehow, like about 10,000 other people, he ended up killing the day at the 11th annual Bull Run Country Jamboree -- and smiling all the way through it.
"I've never been one to seek out country," Farrington said, a slightly self-conscious grin darting across his face. "All my friends and I listen to rock-and-roll. We have since we were kids.
"But as I've grown older, I've begun to appreciate country music. I listen to the normal stuff that's played on the radio. Mostly, I'm here for Ricky Skaggs," a guitarist and singer whose background is traditional bluegrass. "There's just something about the music you can't ignore."
The foot-stompin' crowd at Bull Run, and a growing number of people across the region, seem to agree. Washington may tout its increasing high-culture sophistication, but many of its residents are hooked on the down-home sound of country-and-western music. And yesterday, a public park was transformed into the biggest honky-tonk in town.
The festival, which featured big-name country acts such as Skaggs, Alexandria's Mary Chapin Carpenter, Garth Brooks, T. Graham Brown and Ricky Van Shelton, is sponsored by the Northern Virginia Regional Park Authority, which operates Bull Run Park. When the agency launched the event in 1979, there were so few commercial venues for live country music in the Washington area that officials felt government should get involved.
Today the region supports a number of successful country and bluegrass nightclubs, one of its top-rated radio stations plays country, and fans are as apt to be found in boardrooms as in barrooms. One of the music's biggest aficionados is an erstwhile Ivy Leaguer named George Bush.
And the Bull Run Jamboree has grown into what one park official proudly described as "the granddaddy" of country festivals in the area. Until this year the event had been held in an undeveloped corner of the 5,000-acre park, a meadow beside Bull Run. But yesterday's festival marked the opening of a new amphitheater just off Interstate 66 west of Centreville capable of seating 22,000 people.
"You're looking at a facility that will grow slowly and carefully over the next 12 or 15 years," said Darrell Winslow, executive director of the regional park authority. "The jamboree will continue to be here, but we hope to have other events as well. We hope the park and the amphitheater will increasingly be a focus for life in the area."
Winslow said "everything worked real smooth" in the arena's debut, although recent rains turned portions of the grassy spectators area and parking lot into a muddy bog. Future improvements to the amphitheater are likely to include water-resistant pedestrian paths and lights to allow events to be held at night.
Country music is likely to remain a fixture at the facility, in large part because of its proven drawing power. "It comes as a surprise to a lot of people, but the Washington area is one of the strongest country music areas in this country," said O. Joe Faires, the promoter who put together the festival for the park authority. "The number of people who attend shows is very high. And you draw everything from blue-collar workers to bank presidents."
Faires credits the music's popularity to two factors: its incorporation of other popular music forms, especially rock and blues, and its tradition of memorable lyrics.
"The music itself is about everyday life," Faires said. "It says things people can relate to and it says them in ways people can remember. It's America's music.
"And a lot of what country is wasn't country long ago. The music draws on a lot of sources. What used to be pop music in the '50s and '60s is now country music. People like Billy Joe Royal, Brenda Lee and B.J. Thomas, who used to play rock, are doing country now."
One example of country's recent musical diversity is singer T. Graham Brown, who began his career as a student at the University of Georgia singing soul music. He drifted into country, he said yesterday, after moving to country music's capital, Nashville.
"They told me to make a career {in music} I had to move to New York, Los Angeles or Nashville, and I was too scared to move anywhere but Nashville," said Brown, a Georgia native. "I've done blues, I've done rock, and it all sort of blended together in Nashville. It's country; I just don't know what country it's from."
The music's catchiness and calculated ear appeal were evident in song titles such as one performed by Garth Brooks, "We Bury the Hatchet, But Leave the Handle Sticking Out."
Brooks cites musical influences as diverse as James Taylor and George Jones and refuses to categorize his music. "What we decided to do {when writing songs} is go from the heart to the heart in a straight line," Brooks said. "Not everybody is country or rock-and-roll. But everybody has a heart."
Which is exactly why a die-hard group of country fans from Manassas spent the day at Bull Run. Cotton Lawhorn, a 24-year-old auto painter, and Mike Preston, a 23-year-old cable splicer, say they grew up on country and have listened to very little rock.
" 'Help Me Hold On' by T. Graham Brown is the story of my life," Lawhorn said. "There's a story behind every song. They say it all. And that's what country music does."
Preston, who described himself as "born to boogie," said country music for him means good times, pure and simple. "We're just hard-working men out here on the weekend having some fun and raising some hell," he said. "Ain't nothing wrong with that."
Perspective He was 8 and suicidal, and suddenly six cops were in his living room

value: This website is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C. It is the most-widely circulated newspaper within the Washington metropolitan area, and has a large national audience. Daily broadsheet editions are printed for D.C., Maryland, and Virginia.


text:
Re: [Ganglia-developers] Building a ganglia interface into collectl
From: Carlo Marcelo Arenas Belon <carenas@sa...> - 2009-04-12 20:10:02
On Wed, Apr 01, 2009 at 11:01:41AM +0000, Seger, Mark wrote:
> I hear what you're saying about using the API, but collectl is a perl script
there are perl bindings for libganglia (at least the metric generation) in :
http://search.cpan.org/~hirose/Ganglia-Gmetric-XS-1.00/lib/Ganglia/Gmetric/XS.pm
beware though that you won't be able to use with ganglia 3.1.x and will
essentially link a static version of ganglia's metric implement into your
code but at least will avoid having to generate binary packets and reverse
engineer the protocol as it changes.
From: Jerry <adawzq@12...> - 2009-04-08 02:09:55
Thank you for your information. However, I can NOT access your link. If we use multi-thread in our metric collection code, then gmond will be a multi-thread program. Does this lead to some thread safe issues to gmond?
在2009-03-18?17:14:10，Daniel.Pocock@...?写道：
>>?python?code.?But?I?want?to?know?if?we?have?plan?to?make?gmond?
>>?multi-thread?
>Hi?Jerry,
>For?an?agent?with?a?lot?of?metrics,?threading?does?seem?to?make?sense.
>I?currently?implement?threading?in?some?of?my?own?modules?(written?in?C
>rather?than?Python).?This?required?a?change?to?gmond,?see?this?thread:
>http://sourceforge.net/mailarchive/forum.php?thread_name=B9AEC8265E202D4
>BA6540EA32F49579007DAF920%40LDNPCMEU301VEUA.INTRANET.BARCAPINT.COM&forum
>_name=ganglia-developers
>gmetad?does?poll?multiple?clusters?concurrently,?so?if?one?gmond
>responds?slowly,?it?won't?completely?stop?gmetad?from?polling?other
>clusters?while?it?waits?for?the?one?that?is?slow.
>This?e-mail?may?contain?information?that?is?confidential,?privileged?or?otherwise?protected?from?disclosure.?If?you?are?not?an?intended?recipient?of?this?e-mail,?do?not?duplicate?or?redistribute?it?by?any?means.?Please?delete?it?and?any?attachments?and?notify?the?sender?that?you?have?received?it?in?error.?Unless?specifically?indicated,?this?e-mail?is?not?an?offer?to?buy?or?sell?or?a?solicitation?to?buy?or?sell?any?securities,?investment?products?or?other?financial?product?or?service,?an?official?confirmation?of?any?transaction,?or?an?official?statement?of?Barclays.?Any?views?or?opinions?presented?are?solely?those?of?the?author?and?do?not?necessarily?represent?those?of?Barclays.?This?e-mail?is?subject?to?terms?available?at?the?following?link:?www.barcap.com/emaildisclaimer.?By?messaging?with?Barclays?you?consent?to?the?foregoing.??Barclays?Capital?is?the?investment?banking?division?of?Barclays?Bank?PLC,?a?company?registered?in?England?(number?1026167)?with?its?registered?office?at?1?Churchill?Place,?London,?E14?5HP.??This?email?may?relate?to?or?be?sent?from?other?members?of?the?Barclays?Group.
Re: [Ganglia-developers] 3.1.2 not mentioned on
http://www.ganglia.info/
From: Bernard Li <bernard@va...> - 2009-04-07 19:28:11
On Wed, Apr 1, 2009 at 8:49 AM, Brad Nicholes <BNICHOLES@...> wrote:
>>>> On 4/1/2009 at 7:49 AM, in message <49D370CC.1010506@...>, Ramon Bastiaans
> <ramon.bastiaans@...> wrote:
>> FYI, I noticed;
>> At a first glance, version 3.1.1 is the latest version mentioned on
>> http://www.ganglia.info/
>> 3.1.2 is only found in the Sourceforge downloads, but mentioned no place
> Good point.  I will see about getting something posted.
I just updated the webpage mentioning the release of Ganglia 3.1.2.
[Ganglia-developers] finding confuse
From: Daniel Pocock <daniel@po...> - 2009-04-03 15:58:47
I notice in configure.in that `lib' is appended to the path supplied for
confuse and other libraries.
However, on a 64 bit Redhat machine, it may be necessary to append lib64
instead.  What is the best practice for doing this?  I don't think it's
safe to rely on `rpm --eval %_lib', maybe something like this should be
x86_64*linux*)
Re: [Ganglia-developers] 3.1.2 not mentioned on	http://www.ganglia.info/
From: Brad Nicholes <BNICHOLES@novell.com> - 2009-04-01 15:49:37
>>> On 4/1/2009 at 7:49 AM, in message <49D370CC.1010506@...>, Ramon Bastiaans
> FYI, I noticed;
> At a first glance, version 3.1.1 is the latest version mentioned on
> http://www.ganglia.info/
> 3.1.2 is only found in the Sourceforge downloads, but mentioned no place
Good point.  I will see about getting something posted.
[Ganglia-developers] configure.in: LDFLAGS on Cygwin
From: Daniel Pocock <daniel@po...> - 2009-04-01 15:34:43
I notice that the cygwin code obliterates any previous values appended
to LDFLAGS, is this intentional?
*cygwin*)       LDFLAGS="-L/bin"
AC_DEFINE(CYGWIN, 1, CYGWIN)
*cygwin*)       LDFLAGS="${LDFLAGS} -L/bin"
[Ganglia-developers] 3.1.2 not mentioned on http://www.ganglia.info/
From: Ramon Bastiaans <ramon.bastiaans@sa...> - 2009-04-01 14:52:23
smime.p7s FYI, I noticed;
At a first glance, version 3.1.1 is the latest version mentioned on
3.1.2 is only found in the Sourceforge downloads, but mentioned no place
From: Seger, Mark <mark.seger@hp...> - 2009-04-01 11:02:32
I hear what you're saying about using the API, but collectl is a perl script (I know, it's hard to believe it can be that efficient but it really is) and the effort to call those routines would be a lot of work and it's still not clear to me how much interest there would even be in this.  As I said in my base note, at one level you could just put collectl on the same machines as each gmond and only have it send the data to the gmond that you're interested in as it does offer a wealth of data.
Do YOU have any interest in trying it out?  ;-)
It's literally a matter of installing the collectl rpm, which has no dependencies other than perl, me sending you a fairly short script and then you type a collectl command and it starts sending UDP gmond packets to whatever address:port you tell it you.
|Sent: Tuesday, March 31, 2009 7:42 PM
|The only thing that I would suggest is that you use the APIs to create
|and send the packets.  The problem with hand crafting the packets is
|that if the gmond XDR packet definition ever changes, your interface
|will be broken.  I don't foresee the XDR packet definition change very
|frequently, hopefully not in the near future since it has been crafted
|to be expandible, but it could cause you problems if it does.  Basically
|all you would need to do is either dynamically link the ganglia library
|or use dlopen() to look for it.  If it succeeds then use dlsym() to
|import the functions and start calling the APIs.   The downside is that
|you would probably have to deploy the ganglia library yourself since you
|are trying to use collectl rather than gmond to gather metrics.
|>>> On 3/31/2009 at 11:32 AM, in message
|<9FCE3A46FE7C8045A6207AE4B42E9F9A47940758AF@...
|net>,
|"Seger, Mark" <mark.seger@...> wrote:
|> This uses 3.1   Here's an example of the output I generate when
|debugging is
|> turned on:
|> I have a routine I pass 3 parameters to:  name of the variable, its
|> and the value.  I generate 2 packets, the first with a header and the
|> with the data, which looks like this:
|> 13:41:45.014 Name: ctxint.ctx           Units: switches/sec
|Val:
|>   562 TTL: 60  sent
|> 00 00 00 80 00 00 00 0c 63 61 67 2d 64 6c 35 38 35 2d 30 32 00 00 00
|0a 63
|> 74 78 69 6e 74 2e 69 6e 74 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 06 64 6f 75 62
|6c 65 00
|> 00 00 00 00 0a 63 74 78 69 6e 74 2e 69 6e 74 00 00 00 00 00 0b 69 6e
|74 72 70
|> 74 73 2f 73 65 63 00 00 00 00 03 00 00 00 3c 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
|> 00 00 00 85 00 00 00 0c 63 61 67 2d 64 6c 35 38 35 2d 30 32 00 00 00
|> 74 78 69 6e 74 2e 69 6e 74 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 25 73 00 00
|00 00 00
|> 04 31 30 37 32
|> Not sure if seeing the binary is of much value without the mappings,
|but as
|> I said a V3.1 gmond is very happy with what I'm sending.  We actually
|did
|> think of xdr, but that would but additional requirements on collectl
|and it
|> feels like doing things in binary will help minimize overhead.
|> -mark
|> |-----Original Message-----
|> |From: Brad Nicholes [mailto:BNICHOLES@...]
|> |Sent: Tuesday, March 31, 2009 1:13 PM
|> |To: Seger, Mark; ganglia-developers@...
|> |Cc: Evan J Felix
|> |Subject: Re: [Ganglia-developers] Building a ganglia interface into
|> |collectl
|> |>>> On 3/31/2009 at 9:56 AM, in message <49D23D46.2090007@...>,
|> |Seger
|> |<Mark.Seger@...> wrote:
|> |>
|> |> This then leads to my question, which is what is the best way to
|> |> data to ganglia.  I want to keep my messages very dense and so we
|> |chose
|> |> to simply send out binary data in the same format gmond expects.
|> |the
|> |> case of pnnl, where they have a monitoring hierarchy, we've
|completely
|> |> replaced all the monitoring gmonds with a dozen that act only as
|> |> aggregators.  There are about 190 nodes running collectl sending
|> |> messages to each aggregator gmonds and it seems to run just fine.
|> |Does
|> |> this make sense?  Is there anything to watch out for?
|> |> If anyone else is interested in trying this out while we're shaking
|> |out
|> |> the code, I'd be happy to share some pre-release code with a few
|> |people.
|> |Which version of Ganglia are you targeting (3.0.x or 3.1.x).  Ganglia
|> |uses XDR to pack and unpack the metric packets.  However the actual
|> |format changed significantly between 3.0.x and 3.1.x.  You can see
|> |XDR packet layout in the file lib/protocol.x for 3.0.x or
|> |lib/gm_protocol.x for 3.1.x.  The 3.1.x version is a bit more complex
|> |than the 3.0.x version.  The 3.0.x version is a very simple XDR
|packet
|> |that basically contains a metric ID and a value.  Gmond 3.0.x can get
|> |away with just sending an ID in the packet because every 3.0.x gmond
|> |hardcodes the metric metadata.  Gmond 3.1.x made this more flexible
|> |splitting the packets in to metadata and value packets.  Probably the
|> |easiest way to communicate directly with gmond is to use the message
|> |creation and sending APIs that are part of the ganglia library.  Take
|> |look at the gmetric utility code for an example of how to use these
|> |APIs.  Gmetric is basically doing what you want to do but as a
|> |standalone utility.  For Ganglia 3.0.x you will have to include
|> |lib/ganglia.h, for Ganglia 3.1.x you will include include/ganglia.h.
|> |The libraries for Ganglia 3.1.x version have been made a little more
|> |developer friendly by putting the public headers in the include/
|> |directory and converting the library to be a .so rather than static.
|> |Brad

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