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Patent US20060181428 - Trainable remote controller and method for determining the frequency of a ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA trainable transceiver for learning signal characteristics of an RF control signal received from a remote control transmitter used to remotely actuate a device and for subsequently transmitting a modulated RF signal having the learned signal characteristics includes an antenna, a wideband receiver and...http://www.google.com/patents/US20060181428?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US20060181428 - Trainable remote controller and method for determining the frequency of a learned control signalAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS20060181428 A1Publication typeApplicationApplication numberUS 10/546,137PCT numberPCT/US2004/005257Publication dateAug 17, 2006Filing dateFeb 23, 2004Priority dateFeb 21, 2003Also published asUS8264333, WO2004077729A2, WO2004077729A3Publication number10546137, 546137, PCT/2004/5257, PCT/US/2004/005257, PCT/US/2004/05257, PCT/US/4/005257, PCT/US/4/05257, PCT/US2004/005257, PCT/US2004/05257, PCT/US2004005257, PCT/US200405257, PCT/US4/005257, PCT/US4/05257, PCT/US4005257, PCT/US405257, US 2006/0181428 A1, US 2006/181428 A1, US 20060181428 A1, US 20060181428A1, US 2006181428 A1, US 2006181428A1, US-A1-20060181428, US-A1-2006181428, US2006/0181428A1, US2006/181428A1, US20060181428 A1, US20060181428A1, US2006181428 A1, US2006181428A1InventorsDavid Blaker, Loren VredevoogdOriginal AssigneeJohnson Controls Technology CompanyExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManReferenced by (22), Classifications (26), Legal Events (7) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetTrainable remote controller and method for determining the frequency of a learned control signal
FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a trainable radio frequency (RF) transceiver and particularly to a trainable transceiver for a vehicle that transmits a control signal to a remotely controlled device. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Electronically operated remote control systems, such as garage door openers, home security systems, home lighting systems, etc. are becoming increasingly common. Such electronic remote control systems typically employ a battery powered portable RF transmitter for transmitting a modulated and encoded RF signal to a receiver located at the remote control system. For example, a garage door opener system may include a receiver located within a home owner's garage. The garage door receiver is tuned to the frequency of its associated portable RF transmitter and demodulates a predetermined code programmed into both the portable transmitter and receiver for operating the garage door. Conventional portable transmitters have consisted of a portable housing which typically is clipped to a vehicle's visor or otherwise loosely stored in the vehicle. As an alternative to a portable transmitter, a trainable transceiver (e.g., a remote control transceiver) may be provided in vehicles for use with remote control devices such as garage door openers, gate controllers, alarm controls, home lighting systems, etc. Typically, a trainable transceiver may learn and store the modulation scheme (i.e., code format), transmission codes and the particular RF carrier frequencies of one or more OEM (original equipment manufacturer) remote transmitters for use with the remote control devices. A vehicle owner may train the transceiver to the vehicle owner's existing remote RF transmitter. Subsequently, the old remote RF transmitter can be discarded or stored. To enhance security of remote control devices, manufacturers have implemented cryptographic algorithms in their original transmitters and receivers that transmit and respond to randomly varying codes. To enable a vehicle-installed trainable transmitter to effectively operate in such systems, trainable transmitters have been developed that have the capability of recognizing when a received signal has been originated from a transmitter that generates a code that varies with each transmission in accordance with a cryptographic algorithm. When such a variable or rolling code is recognized, the trainable transmitter determines which cryptographic algorithm is used to generate and transmit the next code to which the receiver will respond. It would be advantageous to provide a trainable transceiver, system and method configured to identify an RF frequency or frequencies of operation for a control signal having a rolling control code based on data characteristics of the control signal. It would also be advantageous to provide a trainable transceiver, system and method configured to identify an RF frequency or frequencies of operation for a control signal having a fixed control code based on data characteristics of the control signal. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In accordance with an embodiment, a trainable transceiver for learning signal characteristics of an RF control signal received from a remote control transmitter used to remotely actuate a device and for subsequently transmitting a modulated RF signal having the learned signal characteristics includes an antenna, a wideband receiver coupled to the antenna, the wideband receiver configured to receive an RF control signal from the remote control transmitter, the RF control signal including a control code, a set of data characteristics and an RF carrier frequency and a control circuit coupled to the wideband receiver, the control circuit having a training mode in which the control circuit is configured to identify and store the control code of the RF control signal, to identify at least one data characteristic from the set of data characteristics and to identify at least one RF frequency associated with the RF control signal based on the at least one data characteristic. In accordance with another embodiment, a trainable transceiver for learning signal characteristics of an RF control signal received from a remote control transmitter used to remotely actuate a device and for subsequently transmitting a modulated RF signal having the learned signal characteristics, includes an antenna, a wideband receiver coupled to the antenna, the wideband receiver configured to receive an RF control signal from the remote control transmitter, the RF control signal including a control code, a set of data characteristics and an RF carrier frequency and a control circuit coupled to the wideband receiver and having a training mode in which the control circuit is configured to identify and store the control code of the RF control signal and having an operating mode in which the control circuit is configured to identify at least one data characteristic from the set of data characteristics and to identify at least one RF frequency associated with the RF control signal based on the at least one data characteristic. In accordance with another embodiment, a method for training a transceiver to learn a set of signal characteristics of an RF control signal received from a remote control transmitter, the transceiver having an antenna and a wideband receiver includes initiating a training sequence, identifying and storing a control code of the RF control signal, identifying at least one data characteristic from a set of data characteristics for the RF control signal and identifying at least one RF frequency based on the at least one data characteristic. In accordance with a further embodiment, a trainable transceiver for learning signal characteristics of an RF control signal received from a remote control transmitter used to remotely actuate a device and for subsequently transmitting an RF signal having the learned signal characteristics includes an antenna, a controllable tuned RF detector coupled to the antenna and configured to receive at least one RF control signal having a frequency in a predetermined range of frequencies, a controllable frequency generator coupled to the controllable tuned RF detector and configured to generate signals at a plurality of frequencies, and a control circuit coupled to the controllable tuned RF detector and the controllable frequency generator and configured to identify a control code of an RF control signal received by the controllable tuned RF detector and to provide a test signal to the controllable frequency generator to initiate a testing sequence to determine an RF frequency of the controllable tuned RF detector upon receipt of the RF control signal.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will be more readily understood by reference to the following description taken with the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. 1 shows a remote control system and a vehicle including a trainable transceiver in accordance with an embodiment. FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a trainable transceiver in accordance with an embodiment. FIG. 3A is a schematic circuit diagram of an exemplary untuned wideband receiver or detector in accordance with an embodiment. FIG. 3B is a schematic circuit diagram of an exemplary tuned wideband receiver or detector in accordance with an embodiment. FIG. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of an exemplary controllable tuned RF detector system in accordance with an embodiment. FIG. 5 illustrates a method for a learning process for a trainable transceiver in accordance with an embodiment. FIG. 6 illustrates a method for identifying an RF frequency or frequencies for a control signal learned by a trainable transceiver in accordance with an alternative embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED AND OTHER EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 shows a remote control system and a vehicle including a trainable transceiver in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. Vehicle 20 is an automobile, although it should be understood that the trainable transceiver of the present invention may be embodied in other vehicles or other systems such as a portable housing. The system as illustrated in FIG. 1 includes a portable remote transmitter 21 in the form of a remote controller for a remote control system 40 such as a garage door opener, home security system, home lighting systems, electronically operated access gates, or any other household appliance or system capable of receiving an RF control signal, etc. The coded radio frequency (RF) (or infrared) energy of the transmitter 21 is transmitted as indicated by arrow A to a transceiver 50 (FIG. 2) of a control module which may be mounted within the vehicle 20 inside, for example, a rearview mirror 30 or other suitable location. The transceiver 50 receives the encoded transmitted energy, demodulates it, and a programmable control circuit coupled to the receiver responds to signals therefrom to provide a variety of selected control functions. For example, the programmable control circuit may be configured to learn the control code of the signal and store the information for later transmission. The transceiver 50 included in the control module selectively transmits coded RF energy as indicated by arrow T to a remote electrical system 40, such as, for example, a garage door opening mechanism, that is responsive to the control signal. The programmable control circuit controls transceiver 50 (FIG. 2) to generate a carrier signal and modulate the control code onto a carrier signal to generate the control signal. The operation of the programmable control circuit and the transceiver 50 are described in detail below. FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a trainable transceiver in accordance with an embodiment. The system shown in FIG. 2 includes a transceiver circuit 50 that is coupled to an antenna 58 and a control circuit 52. A switch interface 54 is connected to one terminal of each of three push button switches 42, 44, and 46, which have their remaining terminal connected to ground. Switches 42, 44, and 46 may each be associated with a separate remote control system to be controlled by transceiver 50. Interface circuit 54 couples signal information from switches 42, 44, and 46 to the input terminals of control circuit 52. A power supply 56 is conventionally coupled to the vehicle's battery and is coupled to the various components for supplying their necessary operating power in a conventional manner. As mentioned, switches 42, 44, and 46 may each correspond to a different device to be controlled such as different garage doors, electronically operated access gates, house lighting controls or other remote control systems, each of which may have their own unique operating RF frequency, modulation scheme, and/or control code. Thus, switches 42, 44, and 46 correspond to a different radio frequency channel for trainable transceiver 50. Once the RF channel associated with one of the switches 42, 44, and 46 has been trained (as described in more detail below) to an RF control signal B transmitted from a portable, remote transmitter 60 associated with a remote control system 62 (e.g., a garage door opener), transceiver 50 may then transmit an RF signal T having the same characteristics as the control signal B to actuate the remote control system 62 when, for example, the corresponding switch is momentarily depressed. Thus, by identifying and storing signal characteristics such as the carrier frequency, modulation scheme, and control or data code of a received RF control signal B originating from the remote transmitter 60, transceiver 50 may subsequently transmit an RF signal T having the identified signal characteristics of the RF signal that are necessary to activate the remote control system 62. Each RF channel may be trained to a different RF control signal such that a plurality of devices or systems may be activated by depressing a corresponding one of the switches 42, 44, 46. Such other devices or systems may include, for example, additional garage door openers, a building's interior or exterior lights, a home security system, or any other household appliance or system capable of receiving an RF control signal. Control circuit 52 includes data input terminals for receiving signals from the switch interface 54 indicative of the closure states of switches 42, 44, and 46. Control circuit 52 may include various types of control circuitry, digital and/or analog, and may include a microprocessor, microcontroller, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or other circuitry configured to perform various input/output, control, analysis, and other functions to be described herein. Control circuit is configured to learn the control code of a control signal using known methods or algorithms. As mentioned, control circuit 52 is also coupled to the transceiver 50. Transceiver 50 as shown in FIG. 2 includes a receiver 51 (or receiver circuitry) that is capable of receiving signals over a plurality of frequencies and a transmitter 53 (or transmitter circuitry) that is configured to transmit a signal on one or more frequencies. In one embodiment, receiver 51 is a broadband or wide-band receiver that is capable of receiving signals over a wide range of frequencies, e.g., the RF range (280-440 MHz). Wideband receiver 51 may be used to acquire the control or data code of a control signal while the frequency of transmission of the control signal is left undetermined. FIG. 3A shows a circuit diagram of an exemplary untuned wideband receiver or detector 302. An inductor 306 functions as an antenna and is configured to receive an RF signal and convert it to a voltage. The voltage is then rectified (or detected) by a diode 308, for example, a schottky diode or a zero bias diode. A capacitor 310 stores the detected voltage and serves as a low pass filter that filters out the RF carrier frequency and leaves the baseband data or modulation. The voltage at capacitor 310 may be a few millivolts up to several hundred millivolts. An amplifier 31 2 may be used to increase the signal for use by a control circuit or processor. Circuit 302 is responsive to all RF signals. For weaker signals, the transmitter, e.g., a garage door transmitter, may be held close to the wideband receiver in order to be detected. In an alternative embodiment, receiver 51 may be a tuned wideband receiver capable of receiving signals over a predetermined bandwidth, for example, at least 2 MHz. In one embodiment, the RF detector may have a 10 MHz range. The actual frequency values defining the range of the tuned wideband receiver or detector may be varied over the entire RF frequency range until a signal is detected. FIG. 3B shows a circuit diagram of an exemplary tuned wideband receiver or detector 304. An inductor 314 functions as an antenna. A capacitor 316 together with inductor 314 determines a resonant frequency of the receiver. At resonance receiver 304 will be the most sensitive. The resonant frequency may be fixed, tuned or variable. A fixed capacitor 316 provides a fixed resonant frequency. If capacitor 316 is a tunable type, for example, a varactor diode, receiver 304 may be used to sweep across the frequency band or wait at a particular frequency. A resistor 318 may be an actual component or element or may be a result of the practical resistance (or loss) in the indictor 314 and capacitor 316. Resistor 318 (or loss) may be controlled to select a bandwidth of the circuit. A capacitor 3222, after a diode 320, serves as a low pass filter that filters out the RF carrier and leaves the baseband data or modulation. An amplifier 324 may be used to increase the signal for use by a control circuit or processor. As mentioned previously, wideband receiver 51 may acquire data, such as the control code, of the control signal but the frequency of the control signal is left undetermined. In other words, the exact RF carrier frequency of the remote transmitter does not need to be known or learned at the same time as the control code (i.e., when the RF control signal is received by the receiver). Transceiver 50 is also capable of transmitting learned RF control signals via antenna 58 and transmitter 53. In order to train transceiver 50, remote transmitter 60 is used to send an RF control signal (or message) B used to control the electronic system 62 to transceiver 50. Receiver 51 of transceiver 50 receives the RF control signal B via antenna 58. Control signal B includes a control code (or data code) and has a set of data characteristics. Control circuit 52 uses the control signal to learn the control code. Accordingly, control circuit 52 is configured to learn the control code using known methods or algorithms. Control circuit 52 is also configured to use the data characteristics of the control signal to determine a transmission frequency (or RF carrier frequency) or frequencies as described further below. In one embodiment, the electronic system 62 uses a fixed control code in the control signal (i.e., a control code that does not vary with each transmission of the control signal). The same control code from the original control signal B of the remote transmitter 60 is used in a control signal T transmitted by the transceiver 50 to the electronic system 62. In addition, the same control code is used in each transmission of a control signal by transceiver 50. As mentioned above, upon receipt of a control signal, control circuit 52 identifies and stores the control code from the control signal B using known methods or algorithms. Control circuit 52 also identifies at least one data characteristic from the set of data characteristics of the control signal. The set of data characteristics for a control signal may include, for example, the number of bits in the control signal or message, the high and low timing of individual bits in the data, the ratio of high and low timing of individual bits, the presence of a specific preamble, the absence of a preamble, the packet to packet time, the duration of time between packets (idle time), the time of the packet, whether the data is continuous, the ratio of the time of a single bit or bits of the preamble compared to the time of the other bits, patterns of bits including the repetition of bits, certain bits in the sequence being a 0 or a 1, the type of modulation method used (e.g., PPM (Pulse Position Modulation), PWM (Pulse Width Modulation), or Manchester), the minimum time the signal is high, the ratio of the packet to packet time and the minimum time the signal is high, etc. An identified data characteristic or characteristics may be used to determine the type of remote system (e.g., the particular manufacturer of the remote system corresponding to the remote transmitter 60 and electronic system 62). The system type information (e.g., a particular manufacturer or a remote system of a particular manufacturer) is used by control circuit 52 to determine or identify a transmission frequency (or RF carrier frequency) or frequencies that may be used by transceiver 50 to transmit the control code for the electronic system 62. For example, certain data characteristics may be associated with a particular remote system or remote system manufacturer. A single manufacturer may produce different types of remote systems with different data characteristics and/or operating on different frequencies. A particular remote system or remote system manufacturer is associated with at least one operating frequency. Accordingly, data characteristics of a control signal may be used to identify a manufacturer (or further a set of systems made by a manufacturer) and, therefore, an original transmission frequency or frequencies for the control signal. In one embodiment, control circuit 52 includes a memory 55 that is configured to store information regarding the data characteristics of control signals for various remote control system manufacturers (and/or various remote control systems) as well as the appropriate transmission frequency or frequencies for those systems. For example, data characteristics such as a 12 bit packet and a 1 or 3 unit high time may be associated with (and used by) a Manufacturer A that is known to utilize a 300 MHz operating frequency. In one embodiment, the data characteristics and associated system manufacturers and frequencies may be stored in a look up table in memory 55. In another embodiment, if the remote system or remote system manufacturer is associated with more than one operating frequency, one or more data characteristics from the set of data characteristics of the control signal may be used to further reduce the number of possible frequencies. In an alternative embodiment, electronic system 62 uses a rolling control code (i.e., the control code is encrypted using a rolling code encryption method). With a rolling control code, a cryptographic algorithm is used to generate a new control code for each transmission of the control signal. Upon receipt of a control signal, control circuit 52 identifies and stores the control code from the control signal B using known methods or algorithms. Control circuit 52 also identifies at least one data characteristic from a set of data characteristics of the control signal. The set of data characteristics of a control signal may include, for example, the number of bits in the message, the high and low timing of individual bits in the data, the ratio of the high and low timing of individual bits of data, the presence of a specific preamble, the duration of time between packets, the ratio of time of a single bit or bit of the preamble compared to the time of the other bits, the time of the packet, particular patterns of bits including repetition of bits, certain bits in the sequence being a 0 or a 1, etc. An identified data characteristic or characteristics may be used to determine the type of system (e.g., the particular manufacturer of the remote system corresponding to the remote transmitter 60 and electronic system 62) and an encryption method or algorithm corresponding to, for example, the manufacturer of the remote transmitter 60 and the electronic system 62. The system type information (e.g., a particular manufacturer or a remote system of a particular manufacturer) is used by control circuit 52 to determine or identify the appropriate transmission frequency or frequencies for the control signal as well as the appropriate cryptographic algorithm (and the data required for input to the cryptographic algorithm) to produce the rolling control code. For example, certain data characteristics may be associated with a particular remote system or remote system manufacturer. A single manufacturer may produce different types of remote systems with different data characteristics and/or operating on different frequencies. A particular remote system or remote system manufacturer is associated with at least one operating frequency and may further be associated with a particular cryptographic algorithm to produce a rolling or variable control code. Accordingly, data characteristics of a control signal may be used to identify a manufacturer (or further a set of systems made by a manufacturer) and therefore, an original transmission frequency or frequencies for the control signal and an encryption method for the rolling control code. In one embodiment, control circuit 52 includes a memory 55 that is configured to store information regarding the data characteristics of control signals for various rolling code remote control system manufacturers (and/or various rolling code remote control systems) as well as the appropriate transmission frequency or frequencies and rolling code or encryption algorithms for those systems. When a data characteristic of the control signal is identified, control circuit 52 may access the stored information (e.g., a look up table) to identify a manufacturer and the associated frequencies and encryption algorithm for the manufacturer. In another embodiment, if the remote system or remote system manufacturer is associated with more than one operating frequency, one or more data characteristics from the set of data characteristics for the control signal may be used to further reduce the number of possible frequencies. Once an RF frequency or frequencies have been identified, the frequency information may be stored by control circuit 52 in, for example, memory 55. Transceiver 50 may then use the learned control code and frequency information to transmit an RF signal T via antenna 58 and transmitter 53 to actuate the remote control system 62. As mentioned above, transmitter 53 is preferably configured to transmit a signal at one or more frequencies. Alternatively, the learned control (or data) code may be stored and an RF frequency or frequencies may be determined or identified each time the control code is transmitted using the control signal data characteristics as described above. As mentioned previously, more than one frequency may be identified as a possible transmission frequency for a control signal for the electronic system 62 based on the control signal data characteristics. Accordingly, transceiver 50 and control circuit 52 may be configured to generate and transmit a control signal at each identified frequency to determine the correct frequency for transmission. In one embodiment, the possible frequencies are transmitted sequentially to determine the correct frequency. In another embodiment, one or more data characteristics of the control signal may be used to rank the order in which the identified frequencies are tried by transceiver 50. In another embodiment, the identified frequencies may be interspersed with less commonly used frequencies. For each of the above methods, as each frequency is tested, a user may observe the electronic system 62 to determine if the control signal has been successfully transmitted and received. The user may then indicate successful receipt of the control signal by, for example, pressing the switch 42, 44, 46 corresponding to the channel being trained, a combination of key presses, selecting a menu item on a display, etc. The frequency corresponding to the activation of the electronic system (as indicated by the user feedback) may then be associated with the control signal (an control code) and stored in, for example, memory 55. Alternatively, all of the identified possible frequencies may be used each time the control code is transmitted by transceiver 50 (i.e., the actual frequency is not identified and stored). In yet another embodiment, the correct operating frequency for the transmitter may be determined using a controllable tuned RF detector 400 as shown in FIG. 4. RF detector 400 may be used in place of receiver 51 (FIG. 2) or in addition to receiver 51 in transceiver 50. RF detector 400 may be used to determine the correct frequency for a learned control signal when the more than one frequency is identified based on the control signal data characteristics. Alternatively, RF detector 400 my be used by itself to determine the correct frequency for a learned control signal. RF detector may be, for example, a tuned LC resonant detector as described above with respect to FIG. 3B. RF detector circuit 400 includes a tuned RF pickup loop 406 and a detector (or diode) 408. RF pickup loop is configured to detect and receive signals. RF detector 400 is coupled to a control circuit 452 and a controlled oscillator (VCO) 404. Oscillator 404 is also coupled to control circuit 452 and an antenna 458. Control circuit 452 is configured to control and operate RF detector 400 and oscillator 404. Control circuit 452 is also configured to learn the control code of a received control signal using known methods or algorithms. In operation, the transceiver 50 (shown in FIG. 2) is placed in a training mode and a user activates an original remote control transmitter to send a control signal. Control circuit 452 sends a control circuit Rx tune signal to RF pickup loop 406 to scan the frequency of the RF detector 400. RF detector 400 is swept across a wide frequency range by varying a control voltage (control circuit Rx tune). When a signal is detected, the sweeping stops and the control voltage may be varied to maximize the signal. Control circuit 452 then learns and stores the control code and other data of the control signal. Oscillator 404 is also coupled to the RF detector (or tined receiver) 400. A frequency of oscillator 404 may be controlled using control circuit 452. The oscillator may be used in combination with control circuit 452 and RF detector 400 to determine the resonant frequency of RF detector 400. Oscillator 404 may be used to test the frequency RF pickup loop 406 is tuned to. RF detector 400 is held at its previous control voltage and a signal from the oscillator 404 is applied to an antenna by closing a switch 410 between the oscillator 404 and RF detector 400. The frequency of oscillator 404 is then varied until the maximum signal in the RF detector 400 is produced. The frequency of the oscillator when the maximum RF detector 400 signal is produced corresponds to the tuned receiver resonant frequency. The identified frequency of RF detector 400 may be stored with the control code of the control signal by control circuit 452. To retransmit the control signal, oscillator 404 is set to the frequency stored in memory for a particular control signal and the associated control code is used to modulate the transmission signal. Returning to FIG. 1, transceiver 50 and control circuit 52 may also use methods to determine the frequency of transmission of the control signal that do not utilize the data characteristics of the control signal. Control circuit 52 may use alternative methods if, for example, the correct frequency is not determined using the data characteristics of the control signal. As discussed above, receiver 51 may be either a wideband receiver or a tuned wideband RF detector that receives signals for a plurality of frequencies. When a control signal is received, control circuit 52 learns the control code for the control signal. The correct transmission frequency of the control signal may then be determined by sequentially testing a set of possible frequencies. In one embodiment, the sequential frequencies are tried using predetermined increments, such as the expected receiver bandwidth. In another embodiment, a set of commonly used frequencies may be tried where the order of the frequencies is determined by ranking the frequencies based on the likelihood of compatibility with the electronic system 62. As each frequency is sequentially tested, the user may observe the electronic system 62 to determine if the control signal has been successfully transmitted and received. The user can indicate successful receipt of the control signal by, for example, pressing the switch 42, 44, 46 corresponding to the channel being trained, a combination of key presses, selecting a menu item on a display, etc. FIG. 5 illustrates a method for a learning process for a trainable transceiver in accordance with an embodiment. At block 502, the training process is initiated. The training process may be initiated by, for example, actuating one of the push buttons 42, 44, and 46 (FIG. 2), a combination of key presses, selecting a menu item on a display or may be initiated when a signal is received by the transceiver. Alternatively, if the trainable transceiver is mounted in a vehicle, the training sequence may be initiated by a message on a vehicle bus. At block 504, a remote transmitter 60 (to which the transceiver 50 is to be trained) is activated to send an RF control signal. The RF control signal may include, for example, a fixed control code or a rolling control code an has a set of data characteristics. Receiver 51 receives the RF control signal transmitted by the remote transmitter 60 via antenna 59 at block 506. Receiver 51 may be a broadband/wide-range receiver that is capable of receiving signals over a wide range of frequencies or a tuned wideband RF receiver or detector that is capable of receiving signals over a predetermined range, for example, at least 2 MHz. Accordingly, the exact RF carrier frequency of the remote transmitter control signal does not need to be known or learned at the same time as the control code (i.e., when the RF control signal is received by the receiver). At block 508, a control circuit is used to determine whether the control signal has a fixed or variable (i.e., rolling) control code. A control code is identified using known methods or algorithms (block 508) and stored in, for example, a memory device (block 510). In addition, at block 512, the control circuit 52 identifies at least one data characteristic of the control signal sent by the remote transmitter. As mentioned previously, the set of data characteristics of a control signal may include, for example, the number of bits in the control signal or message, the high and low timing of individual bits in the data, the ratio of high and low timing of individual bits, the presence of a specific preamble, the absence of a preamble, the packet to packet time, the duration of time between packets (idle time), the time of the packet, whether the data is continuous, the ratio of the time of a single bit or bits of the preamble compared to the time of the other bits; patterns of bits including the repetition of bits, certain bits in the sequence being a 0 or a 1, the type of modulation method used (e.g., PPM (Pulse Position Modulation), PWM (Pulse Width Modulation), or Manchester), the minimum time the signal is high, the ratio of the packet to packet time and the minimum time the signal is high, etc. An identified data characteristic or characteristics may used to determine an RF frequency (i.e., the transmission frequency) for transmission of the control code (block 514). For example, control signal data characteristics may be used to identify the type of system (e.g., the particular manufacturer of the remote transmitter 60 and electronic system 62). The type of system information may then be used to determine or identify the appropriate transmission frequency for the control signal. For example, certain data characteristics may be associated with a particular remote system or remote system manufacturer. A particular remote system or remote system manufacturer is associated with at least one operating frequency. Accordingly, the data characteristic or characteristics may be used to identify a manufacturer (or further a set of systems made by a manufacturer) and; therefore, a set of possible original transmission frequencies for the control signal. The transmission frequency may be stored by the control circuit at block 516. If the control code is a rolling code, the set of characteristics of the control signal may further be used to determine the appropriate cryptographic algorithm for the rolling code. In one embodiment, information regarding the data characteristics of control signals for various fixed code and rolling code remote control systems and manufacturers as well as the appropriate transmission frequencies and cryptographic algorithms (if appropriate) for those systems and manufacturers is stored in a memory of the transceiver, for example, as a look up table. In an alternative embodiment, the RF frequency for the control signal may be determined or identified when the control code is transmitted by the transceiver 50 and then stored or, alternatively, may be identified each time the control code is transmitted by the transceiver 50. FIG. 6 illustrates a method for identifying an RF frequency or frequencies for a control signal learned by a trainable transceiver in accordance with an alternative embodiment. Steps 602-610 in FIG. 6 are similar to steps 502 to 510 described above with respect to FIG. 5 for learning the control code of a control signal. In the embodiment of FIG. 6, an RF frequency or frequencies are identified when the transceiver is activated to transmit a control signal to the remotely controlled system. At block 612 of FIG. 6, transmission of a control signal having the learned control code is initiated by, for example, actuating a switch of the transceiver associated with the learned control code, a combination of key presses, selecting a menu item on a display, etc. At block 614, at least one data characteristic of the original control signal sent by the remote transmitter is identified and then used to determine an RF frequency or frequencies for transmission of the control code at block 616. As discussed previously, an identified data characteristic or characteristics may be used to identify a manufacturer (or further a set of systems made by a manufacturer) and, therefore, a set of possible original transmission frequencies for the control signal. In addition, for a rolling control code, the identified data characteristic or characteristics may be used to identify a manufacturer and, therefore, an encryption algorithm for generating the rolling control code. Once an RF frequency or frequencies are identified, a control signal having the control code and RF frequency or frequencies is transmitted to the remote system at block 618. As mentioned, in this embodiment, the RF frequency or frequencies for transmission are identified when the learned control code is subsequently transmitted by the transceiver. In one embodiment, the identified RF frequency or frequencies may be stored. As discussed above with respect to FIG. 2, if more than one RF frequency is identified using the data characteristics of the control signal, various methods may be used to identify the correct frequency of operation. Alternatively, the RF frequency or frequencies may determined each time the control signal is transmitted using the transceiver. It is also important to note that the construction and arrangement of the elements of the trainable transceiver as shown in the preferred and other exemplary embodiments are illustrative only. Although only a few embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail in this disclosure, those skilled in the art who review this disclosure will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible (e.g., variations in sizes, dimensions, structures, shapes and proportions of the various elements, values of parameters, mounting arrangements, materials, colors, orientations, etc.) without materially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the subject matter recited herein. Accordingly, all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention as described herein. The order or sequence of any process or method steps may be varied or re-sequenced according to alternative embodiments. Other substitutions, modifications, changes and/or omissions may be made in the design, operating conditions and arrangement of the preferred and other exemplary embodiments without departing from the exemplary embodiments of the present invention as expressed herein. Referenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS7266344 *Jun 2, 2004Sep 4, 2007Wayne-Dalton Corp.Remotely activated bridge device for use with a home network and methods for programming and using the sameUS7616155Dec 27, 2006Nov 10, 2009Bull Jeffrey FPortable, iterative geolocation of RF emittersUS7760071 *Sep 18, 2006Jul 20, 2010Lear CorporationAppliance remote control having separated user control and transmitter modules remotely located from and directly connected to one anotherUS7804448Nov 9, 2009Sep 28, 2010Trueposition, Inc.Portable, iterative geolocation of RF emittersUS7864070 *Mar 22, 2005Jan 4, 2011Johnson Controls Technology CompanySystem and method for training a trainable transmitterUS8336245Jun 12, 2009Dec 25, 2012Alpine TrustRemote control system for controlling a remote animal collarUS8365684Feb 13, 2008Feb 5, 2013Apline TrustRemote control system for controlling a remote animal collarUS8570146 *Jun 25, 2009Oct 29, 2013Toyota Boshoku Kabushiki KaishaIn-vehicle wireless systemUS8581695 *May 27, 2009Nov 12, 2013Grant B. CarlsonChannel-switching remote controlled barrier opening systemUS8760265 *May 8, 2009Jun 24, 2014Apple Inc.Remote control signal learning and processing by a host device and accessoryUS8760267 *Aug 27, 2007Jun 24, 2014Gentex CorporationSystem and method for enrollment of a remotely controlled device in a trainable transmitterUS8810452May 24, 2010Aug 19, 2014Trueposition, Inc.Network location and synchronization of peer sensor stations in a wireless geolocation networkUS8970345 *Oct 29, 2013Mar 3, 2015Overhead Door CorporationChannel-switching remote controlled barrier opening systemUS9007168Oct 5, 2010Apr 14, 2015Gentex CorporationSystem and method for enrollment of a remotely controlled device in a trainable transmitterUS20090322475 *Jun 25, 2009Dec 31, 2009Toyota Boshoku Kabushiki KaishaIn-vehicle wireless systemUS20100007516 *Aug 27, 2007Jan 14, 2010Johnson Controls Technology CompanySystem and method for enrollment of a remotely controlled device in a trainable transmitterUS20100283624 *May 8, 2009Nov 11, 2010Apple Inc.Remote control signal learning and processing by a host device and accessoryUS20100301999 *May 27, 2009Dec 2, 2010Overhead Door CorporationChannel-switching remote controlled barrier opening systemUS20110012749 *Jul 15, 2010Jan 20, 2011Rudolf LonskiData transmission apparatus for household appliances, functional component and household applianceUS20140053466 *Oct 29, 2013Feb 27, 2014Overhead Door CorporationChannel-switching remote controlled barrier opening systemWO2008085443A2 *Dec 21, 2007Jul 17, 2008Trueposition IncPortable, iterative geolocation of rf emittersWO2010138118A1 *May 27, 2009Dec 2, 2010Overhead Door CorporationChannel switching remote controlled barrier opening system* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification340/4.3, 340/5.22, 340/5.71International ClassificationG08C17/02, G07C9/00, H04L9/32Cooperative ClassificationG07C2009/00928, G07C2009/00793, G07C9/00182, G08C19/28, B60R25/24, G07C9/00309, G08C17/02, G07C2009/00849, G08C2201/20, G07C2009/00888, G08C2201/62, H04L9/14, H04L2209/80, H04L9/0637European ClassificationG08C17/02, G07C9/00E2, B60R25/24, G08C19/28, G07C9/00E4, H04L9/22Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionApr 11, 2014ASAssignmentOwner name: GENTEX CORPORATON, MICHIGANFree format text: CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE ASSIGNOR, IT SHOULD BE JOHNSON CONTROLS TECHNOLOGY COMPANY PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ON REEL 032536 FRAME 0877. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:JOHNSON CONTROLS TECHNOLOGY COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:032664/0761Effective date: 20130927Owner name: GENTEX CORPORATION, MICHIGANFree format text: CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE ASSIGNOR, IT SHOULD BE JOHNSON CONTROLS TECHNOLOGY COMPANY. PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ON REEL 032514 FRAME 0564. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:JOHNSON CONTROLS TECHNOLOGY COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:032664/0688Effective date: 20130927Owner name: GENTEX CORPORATION, MICHIGANFree format text: CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE ASSIGNOR, IT SHOULD BE JOHNSON CONTROLS TECHNOLOGY COMPANY PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ON REEL 032481 FRAME 0222. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:JOHNSON CONTROLS TECHNOLOGY COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:032664/0733Effective date: 20130927Apr 7, 2014ASAssignmentOwner name: GENTEX CORPORATION, MICHIGANFree format text: CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE ASSIGNOR, SHOULD BE JOHNSON CONTROLS TECHNOLOGY COMPANY. ADDITIONAL CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT RECORDED @ 032514/0564. PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ON REEL 032471 FRAME 0695. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:JOHNSON CONTROLS TECHNOLOGY COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:032621/0757Effective date: 20130927Mar 26, 2014ASAssignmentOwner name: GENTEX CORPORATION, MICHIGANFree format text: CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE PCT NUMBER US0500820 IS INCORRECT AND SHOULD BE US2005008820.PCT NUMBER US1256640 IS A DUPLICATE NUMBER AND SHOULD BE REMOVED. PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ON REEL 032481 FRAME 0222. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:GENTEX CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:032536/0877Effective date: 20130927Mar 21, 2014ASAssignmentOwner name: GENTEX CORPORATION, MICHIGANFree format text: CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE PATENT # 5703941 IS INCORRECT AND SHOULD BE 6703941. PATENT #6330569 IS INCORRECT AND SHOULD BE 8330569. PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ON REEL 032471 FRAME 0695. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:GENTEX CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:032514/0564Effective date: 20130927Mar 20, 2014ASAssignmentOwner name: GENTEX CORPORATION, MICHIGANFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:GENTEX CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:032481/0222Effective date: 20130927Mar 19, 2014ASAssignmentOwner name: GENTEX CORPORATION, MICHIGANFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:GENTEX CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:032471/0695Effective date: 20130927Aug 19, 2005ASAssignmentFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BLAKER, DAVID A.;VREDEVOOGD, LOREN D.;SIGNING DATES FROM20050126 TO 20050210;REEL/FRAME:017687/0517Owner name: JOHNSON CONTROLS TECHNOLOGY COMPANY, MICHIGANFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BLAKER, DAVID A.;VREDEVOOGD, LOREN D.;SIGNING DATES FROM20050126 TO 20050210;REEL/FRAME:017687/0517Owner name: JOHNSON CONTROLS TECHNOLOGY COMPANY, MICHIGANFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BLAKER, DAVID A.;VREDEVOOGD, LOREN D.;REEL/FRAME:017687/0517;SIGNING DATES FROM 20050126 TO 20050210Owner name: JOHNSON CONTROLS TECHNOLOGY COMPANY, MICHIGANFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BLAKER, DAVID A.;VREDEVOOGD, LOREN D.;REEL/FRAME:017687/0517;SIGNING DATES FROM 20050126 TO 20050210RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services


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UPN-JOSE on Scribd | Scribd
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The HeadSpot - Phoenix, AZ | Groupon
All Deals 8787 Automotive 190 Beauty & Spas 1864 Food & Drink 563 Health & Fitness 1313 Home Services 359
Meal Prep & Wine Delivery 60 Online Learning 69 Personal Services 1654 Personalized Items 1338 Retail 3121 Things To Do 890
Health & SafetyBaby Monitors, Safety, Skin & Health Car...711 MaternityMaternity Bottoms, Maternity Dresses, Ma...770 ToysArts & Crafts, Bikes & Ride-ons, Books...14991
Camera, Video & SurveillanceAction Cameras & Drones, Camcorders, Das...3353 Car Electronics & GPSCar Audio, Car Mounts & Accessories, Car...1961 Cell Phones & AccessoriesBackup Batteries, Bluetooth Devices, Cab...15921 Computers & TabletsComputer Accessories, Desktops, Monitors...6788 Musical InstrumentsAccessories, Amplifiers & Effects, Brass...1354 Office Electronics & SuppliesNetworking, Printers & Scanners, Scanner...2201 Portable AudioBluetooth & Wireless Speakers, Docks, Ra...3758 SoftwareBusiness & Home Office, Children's, Educ...39
Kitchen & DiningBakeware, Coffee, Tea, & Espresso, Cookb...22751 LuggageBackpacks, Briefcases & Laptop Bags, Car...4388 Mattresses & AccessoriesInnerspring Mattresses, Mattress Protect...516 Office & School SuppliesDesk Accessories, Home Office Furniture...11476 Patio & GardenBird Feeders & Food, Fire Pits & Outdoor...17145 Storage & OrganizationBathroom Storage, Closet Storage, Garage...7057
+16027609944
Spend your well-needed day off at Phoenix's The HeadSpot, a relaxing day spa. Hydrate and nourish your skin with a custom facial from this spa.
Phoenix's The HeadSpot provides body treatments, nail services, facials, massages and more. A professional facial from this spa can reveal younger, healthier looking skin. Become the new you with a chic new hairdo courtesy of this spa's professional stylists. Take a break from your long to-do list and enjoy a mini escape from reality with a massage from this spa. When you need to take a breather from your busy schedule, head on over to The HeadSpot.
Aztec Park (0.6 mi)
Groupon has verified that the customer actually visited The HeadSpot.

value: This website is an American global e-commerce marketplace connecting subscribers with local merchants by offering activities, travel, goods and services in 15 countries. Based in Chicago, Groupon was launched there in November 2008, launching soon after in Boston, New York City and Toronto.


text:
Amazon.co.uk: Customer Reviews: OXO Good Grips 2.8 Litre Pop Cookie Jar
4.0 out of 5 stars Keeps the biccies nice 'n' fresh
Keeps the biccies nice 'n' fresh and is a really good size with ample room for a couple of packets. Only thing is I thought it was glass when I ordered it but it turned out to be plastic however that's probably a good thing as it's easier to clean out and less likely to smash. Would happily order again.
Published on 7 April 2013 by obol
OK, BUT TOO EXPENSIVE. I THOUGHT IT WOULD BE TEMPERED GLASS FOR THIS PRICE, NOT PLASTIC.
Published 6 months ago by Mrs. Jean Sparkes
4.0 out of 5 stars Keeps the biccies nice 'n' fresh, 7 April 2013
5.0 out of 5 stars A Simple Solution For Everyone's Convenience, 26 Oct. 2014
By Jaxson - See all my reviews
We often have both family and our friends drop by the house, and I generally treat my friends like family, so if they feel like a cup of coffee, they are free to serve themselves. It seems that everyone does things a little different, some keep their coffee in the refrigerator, and some keep their coffee in cupboards or cabinets. Accordingly, in the quest to find the coffee, the refrigerator and my kitchen cabinets are both searched, and rearranged, therefore, consequently things are not back in their original places.Therefore, the OXO jar seemed to be the perfect solution to keep our coffee. This compact 2.8 Litre jar fits on the back, next to the coffee maker, and the oval skid proof base keeps the jar from sliding around the counter. The angled opening is spacious and spherical, an effortless accomplishment for transferring a few scoops of the coffee without spilling the grounds all over. The pop-up button lid is a convenient handle and serves as a one handed movement to detach and return, and to lock in the purity, keeping the coffee airtight, and fresh. The transparent jar enables viewing the contents and visually seeing the quantity, which was not possible in our other coffee tin container. Of course, and the fact that OXO products are BPA free is reassuring.The clear-view 2.8 Litre OXO jar containing the coffee and the small measuring scoop is right by the coffee machine, which is both convenient and handy for everyone.
5.0 out of 5 stars Usual Oxo quality, 8 Sept. 2013
I've got several of the Oxo Good Grips jars and I love them. The only issue I have now.. is that my biscuits are available at the push of a button - I think I may have to join a gym....
5.0 out of 5 stars Servicable and Fun, 6 May 2013
By Mrs. Christine M. Atchison "book worm 60" (England) - See all my reviews
This really was that bit unusual - the lid closes at a touch and opens the same way - good size cookie jar
4.0 out of 5 stars Very good!, 16 Aug. 2014
Excellent storage jars - and a useful size - not too big and not too small. Only been using a couple of these for a short time, but they have kept their contents nice and fresh, and they look quite cool too. Recommended.
5.0 out of 5 stars Great!, 31 Aug. 2014
Love this so much, reminds me in appearance of the sweetie jars in the Sweet Shops of my youth, but I bought it for biscuits. I wanted something that would fit against the wall in a small space, which it does. Easy to see the contents, and the kids love the mechanism.You press the big round disc to release the vacuum to open the jar, and the when you're finished, depress the button to close and reveal. The biscuits stay fresh. The kids don't forget to close it, everyone's happy!Have now bought a rectangular one in the same range for cereals !!!
5.0 out of 5 stars Best Cookie Jar Ever!, 24 July 2014
By Dee "Dee" (London, United Kingdom) - See all my reviews
Fantastic cookie jar! No more wrist-ripping, carpal-tunnel-inducing, twisty-turny caps for me; simply press the centre and the lid lifts open. Press it down, and it seals shut and keeps biscuits nice and fresh. Tilted at an angle, which also makes it easier to access (more's the pity!)Jar is plastic, not glass (a good thing as more durable), and incredibly roomy; can take up to three standard-sized packets of bicsuits, possibly more.Excellent purchase. Can highly recommend!
2.0 out of 5 stars NOT GREAT, 27 Oct. 2014
5.0 out of 5 stars Great seal and size, 19 Oct. 2014
Good value for money - more than I would have liked to spend on a cookie jar but well worth it. Really easy to open, great seal, keeps biscuits really fresh and holds a couple of packs. As mentioned in a previous review, I too thought it was glass, didn't put much thought to it, but it appears to be good quality.
By KATIE T - See all my reviews
A very good product does the job to perfection.
OXO Good Grips 2.8 Litre Pop Cookie Jar by OXO Good Grips

value: This website is an American multinational technology company which focuses on e-commerce, cloud computing, digital streaming, and artificial intelligence.


text:
mobile - How to autoscroll text in flutter? - Stack Overflow
How to autoscroll text in flutter?
What I am trying to achieve is a multiline text that will autoscroll at a fixed speed until the end of the list.
This is a different application that does similar thing. Is there anyway to do this in flutter?
_scrollToBottom() {
_scrollController.animateTo(_scrollController.position.maxScrollExtent,
duration: Duration(seconds: 30), curve: Curves.linear);
WidgetsBinding.instance.addPostFrameCallback((_) => _scrollToBottom());
String val = '''
BUNCH OF TEXT HERE.
title: Text('Lyrics'),
maxLines: 1000,
I added bunch of lorem ipsum text to autoscroll. to the bottom at a certain speed. In the current setup the text auto scrolls to the bottom in 30 seconds.
But what I would like to have is a button which I can press to start this scroll. And instead of time if possible use a speed.
Edit: With the answer below the text does scroll. But the issue I am having is the scrolling stops if I do any manual intervention. Is there any way to resume scrolling without repressing the button again?
edited Jul 23 at 4:23
asked Jul 22 at 3:15
moficodesmoficodes
Is it like you tap the button once and it keeps scrolling? – 10101010 Jul 22 at 4:40
Yes. With the code i have it starts doing that on page load. I am sure i can do that with a button to. But of stop the scrolling manually I want it to keep going. If that makes any sense. – moficodes Jul 22 at 4:42
But of stop the scrolling manually didn't get that. – 10101010 Jul 22 at 4:43
Like as the scrolling animation is happening, if i touch the screen it stops scrolling. – moficodes Jul 22 at 4:44
Added a variable called speedFactor. Increasing it will increase the scroll speed and vice versa.
Having a constant duration would decrease the speed as we scroll towards the bottom. This is because we are trying to cover different distances in the same duration which would mean your speed has to vary.
So to handle that I am adjusting the duration to maintain a constant speed factor.
double maxExtent = _scrollController.position.maxScrollExtent;
double distanceDifference = maxExtent - _scrollController.offset;
double durationDouble = distanceDifference / speedFactor;
To stop the animation I just animateTo the current offset which would just stop the animation as we are already at the offset and there is nothing more to animate to.
int speedFactor = 20;
_scroll() {
duration: Duration(seconds: durationDouble.toInt()),
curve: Curves.linear);
_toggleScrolling() {
scroll = !scroll;
_scrollController.animateTo(_scrollController.offset,
duration: Duration(seconds: 1), curve: Curves.linear);
BUNCH OF TEXT HERE. BUNCH OF TEXT HERE. BUNCH OF TEXT HERE. BUNCH OF TEXT HERE. BUNCH OF TEXT HERE. BUNCH OF TEXT HERE. BUNCH OF TEXT HERE. BUNCH OF TEXT HERE. BUNCH OF TEXT HERE.BUNCH OF TEXT HERE.BUNCH OF TEXT HERE.BUNCH OF TEXT HERE.BUNCH OF TEXT HERE.BUNCH OF TEXT HERE.BUNCH OF TEXT HERE. BUNCH OF TEXT HERE.v
body: NotificationListener(
onNotification: (notif) {
if (notif is ScrollEndNotification && scroll) {
Timer(Duration(seconds: 1), () {
_toggleScrolling();
}), // This trailing comma makes auto-formatting nicer for build methods.
UPDATE: Added code which makes the scrollview continue scrolling after user interruption.
edited Jul 23 at 5:08
91411 gold badge1111 silver badges1717 bronze badges
Thank you for this. Do you know how I can restart the scroll after I touch the screen or manually scroll myself. As of now if you touch the screen while the animation is going on it just stops. – moficodes Jul 23 at 4:24
Yes if you click the button again it will continue scrolling. – 10101010 Jul 23 at 4:25
what I am asking is, if there is anyway to make the scroll start back up after the user have stopped scrolling or touching the screen. – moficodes Jul 23 at 4:27
Yup we can do that but it requires a bit more code. – 10101010 Jul 23 at 4:28
Could you give me bit of a pointer on that? – moficodes Jul 23 at 4:44
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged mobile flutter dart or ask your own question.
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text:
Words that end in aggerty | Words ending in aggerty
Words that end in aggerty | Words ending in aggerty http://www.thefreedictionary.com/words-that-end-in-aggertyPrinter Friendly
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Found 1 words that end in aggerty. Browse our Scrabble Word Finder, Words With Friends cheat dictionary, and WordHub word solver to find words that end with aggerty. Or use our Unscramble word solver to find your best possible play! Related: Words containing aggerty
8-letter words that end in aggertySee also8-letter words that end in aggertyhaggertySee also:7-letter wordsWords that start with tWords that start with iWords that start with kWords that start with vWords that start with rWords that end in ggerty

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text:
Paradise Resort Gold Coast - Prices & Reviews (Surfers Paradise) - TripAdvisor
“Staying at the Paradise Hotel was a wonderful...”
“I was so excited in booking this resort due to...”
“This place is a fantastic resort in excellent...”
“This was the best family resort i've been. The...”
“I'd read very mixed reviews about Paradise Resort...”
“I am a travel agent, so having 'sold' this...”
“Let me start with the positives: Good, friendly...”
“kids club” (475 reviews)
“ice skating” (114 reviews)
“mini mart” (70 reviews)
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{"partnerInfos":[],"multiplePartners":false,"polling":{"locationId":256750,"bookingSessionId":null,"detailedAvailabilityKey":null,"commerceContentIds":[79786276],"additionalContentIds":[],"pollCount":0,"checkin":{"day":1,"month":10,"year":2017},"checkout":{"day":2,"month":10,"year":2017},"adults":2,"child_rm_ages":"","rooms":1,"display_rooms":300,"entryPrice":211,"entryCurrency":"USD","complete":true,"formKey":"","showAllRooms":true,"genNewBookingSessionId":false,"winningProviderAtClick":"","selectedRoomKey":null,"impressionKey":"3e5fe020abaa4f44be3f8be58aa95703","navArea":null,"referringServlet":"Hotel_Review","highestMetaPrice":219,"lowestMetaPrice":211,"additionalPartner":false,"highestMetaPriceDisplay":219,"roomsToVerify":[],"clazz":null},"summary":null,"unavailable":false,"metaOffers":[],"mismatchCheckModel":null,"totalMediaCount":0,"hotelPhotos":[],"noticeHeaderMessage":null,"moreProviders":null,"lowestPricePartner":null,"showAllRooms":true,"isMetaCheaper":false,"isBookingLessThanOrEqualToMeta":null,"avgHistoricalPrice":0.0,"avgHistoricalDisplayPrice":null,"expressBookState":{"hasFullTravelerInfo":false,"hasReducedBillingInfo":false,"hasFullBillingInfo":false},"highestMetaPrice":219,"lowestMetaPrice":211,"highestMetaPriceDisplay":219,"hotelName":"Paradise Resort Gold Coast","hasSpecialTimeOfStayTaxes":false,"trackingTree":null,"trackingTreeId":null,"showPriceHoverTooltip":false,"trackingContext":"eyJzdGF0ZSI6IkhPVEVMX0FVQ1RJT04iLCJwIjoiSFJfTWFpbkNvbW1lcmNlIiwiaWRzIjp7IkJGSyI6IjNlNWZlMDIwYWJhYTRmNDRiZTNmOGJlNThhYTk1NzAzIiwiQUlLIjoiNzc5Nzg4MWE3MGM4NGYzOWE2ZDUyNDk4ZGJlOTFhNjYifSwiZW50cnlTZXJ2bGV0IjoiSG90ZWxfUmV2aWV3In0=","cheaperPricesExist":false,"enableLPF":false,"priceDropPercent":0,"canExpandRooms":false,"expandRoomsToAllPartners":false,"roomSelectionKey":null,"useSupplierDirectTreatment":false,"isSupplierDirect":false,"showProviderSeparator":false,"clazz":null,"seeMoreMessage":null,"seeMoreIFrameMessage":null,"isPricelineCom":false,"isPriceDrawerEnabled":false}, "ibAvailability": true, "metaAvailability": true, "topOfferIsIB": false, "numHacTries": -1, "checkIn": "10/01/2017", "checkOut": "10/02/2017", "lowestPrice": "$211", "hasDates": true, "hacComplete": true, "contentIdMappings": {"76474426":"Hotwire","79786276":"AgodaIB","68041992":"BookingCom","109209432":"HotelsCom2IB","53924637":"TravelocityEWS","33299968":"Expedia"}, "pollingEnabled": false, "preventScroll": false, "offerClickToken": null, "conditionalUpdate": false, "mightGetRooms": true, "divClasses": "ppr_rup ppr_priv_hr_inline_room_grid_hsx", "singlePartnerRoomGridWidget": {"containerClass":null,"containerAttributes":null,"widget":{"name":"ibex_room_grid_hsx","moduleList":["handlers","tracking"],"template":"ibex_room_grid_hsx__widget","divClasses":"prw_rup prw_ibex_room_grid_hsx","js":{"handlers":"(ta.prwidgets.getjs(this,'handlers'))","tracking":"(ta.prwidgets.getjs(this,'tracking'))"},"dust":{"sub_header":"ibex_room_grid_hsx__sub_header"}},"scriptFlags":null}, "multiPartnerRoomGridWidget": null, "mismatchMessage": {"containerClass":null,"containerAttributes":null,"widget":{"name":"ibex_mismatch_message","moduleList":["handler"],"template":"ibex_mismatch_message__widget","divClasses":"prw_rup prw_ibex_mismatch_message","js":{"handler":"(ta.prwidgets.getjs(this,'handler'))"},"dust":{}},"scriptFlags":null}, "maxRoomsToShow": 300, "isTablet": false, "roomGridRowWidget": {"containerClass":null,"containerAttributes":null,"widget":{"name":"ibex_room_grid_row_hsx","moduleList":[],"template":"ibex_room_grid_row_hsx__widget","divClasses":"prw_rup prw_ibex_room_grid_row_hsx","js":{},"dust":{"amenities":"ibex_room_grid_row_hsx__amenities","condition_col":"ibex_room_grid_row_hsx__condition_col","price_text":"ibex_room_grid_row_hsx__price_text","reservation_col":"ibex_room_grid_row_hsx__reservation_col"}},"scriptFlags":null}, "mismatchMessageLightbox": null, "deviceInfo": "OtherOS OtherBrowser", "bookOnTripAdvisor": "Book on <img class=\"ibHeaderImg\" alt=\"TripAdvisor\" src=\"https:\/\/static.tacdn.com\/img2\/branding\/rebrand\/TA_logo_primary.png\"\/>"}
All reviews kids club ice skating mini mart resort room junior bunkhouse laser tag rock climbing jungle gym adventure playground kids zone family resort water play superior family room the captains quarters loved the water park great for kids bunk room
clostar21
This resort is great. I'm sick of seeing the bad reviews about the rooms, it seems to be people who have booked the original old rooms not the refurbished ones, so really you have no right to complain! As for the noise complaints, it's a...More
2 Thank clostar21
Response from Chris N, Rooms Division Manager at Paradise Resort Gold CoastResponded January 23, 2015
Dear clostar21 Thank you for providing a frank review. We offer 9 different room styles to cater for many tastes, however everyone has different needs and expectations of what they want in a holiday, sometimes we are not the right property to meet those needs....More
SarahHartinger
Poop and overcrowding in the pool.
This is a very popular resort which has received many awards. Yesterday I counted 98 people in what is a very small swimming pool. It isn't possible to 'swim' - it is more like a human soup pot. We then had to leave the pool...More
3 Thank SarahHartinger
Dear SarahHartinger Thank you for taking the time to provide feedback of your recent stay. We are in peak holiday period here at the resort and the pool can at times be busy. Since reading your comments i have personally monitored the numbers during our...More
This resort is fantastic for young children and mum and dads that want a break. The water slides keep the kids entertained most of the day while you get to relax on the lounges. There are lots of other activities like cupcake decorating also shows...More
Dear Brightonchick_10 Thank you for leaving a comment on your recent stay. The water slides usually wear out the kids after a full day of play, activities and entertainment. The show also receives a lot of positive feedback which i guess is easy when Captain,...More
Bunjilina
We recently stayed at Paradise Resort for 5 nights. The staff should all be commended on their manner & service. All staff were always happy & helpful which really added a nice touch to our stay. We often commented to each other that their patience...More
Thank Bunjilina
Dear Bunjilina Thank you for recognising the efforts of our wonderful staff here at Paradise Resort. We certainly appreciate everything they do and understand some of the challenges they face on a daily basis. I'll ensure this feedback is shared with our human resources team...More
Before I write anything else about Paradise Resort I must say that all of the staff here are fantastic!!! Reception, Food & Bev, Retail, Housekeeping, Maintenance, Pool & Games attendants, Kids Club... you have all helped to make our stay fantastic. Considering that day in...More
3 Thank YeahJuddy
Dear YeahJuddy Thank you for writing such a valuable review. I have forwarded your comments about our staff to all management to ensure they share it with their respective teams. We certainly have a lot of wonderful people here who complete the overall experience for...More
TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Hotels.com, Expedia, Ctrip TA, Priceline, Booking.com, Travelocity, Cancelon, TripOnline SA, Hotwire, Agoda, Evoline ltd and HotelQuickly so you can book your Paradise Resort Gold Coast reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.
"Away from the pool and bar area (lots of noise)"
"we chose a king bunk house for more space and was very pleased!"
"Pay more for a larger room, especially for a longer stay"
"Rooms facing pool are great"

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I trembled at the possibility of being the only woman within eighteen miles skip navigation
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Title: I trembled at the possibility of being the only woman within eighteen miles
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http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2010714892/
Reproduction Number: --- Call Number: CAI - Adams, no. 74 (A size) [P&P]
Duplication Services Web site. Call Number: CAI - Adams, no. 74 (A size) [P&P]

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Amazon.co.uk: Profile For Linda.: Reviews
Profile for Linda. > Reviews
Content by Linda.
Top Reviewer Ranking: 6,328,183
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5.0 out of 5 stars Wolf of the plains: ), 19 July 2010


text:
Booking.com: Hotel di El Real, Costa Rica. Tempah hotel anda sekarang!
El Real, aku datang
Mengunjungi El Real atas urusan kerja?
di El Real
Mencari tawaran di El Real? Lihat harga dan penginapan untuk:
Tempat-tempat yang kami suka di El Real
Berdekatan El Real
Offering a year-round outdoor pool and views of the pool, Hotel Rincon del LLano is situated in Guardia in the Guanacaste Region, 44 km from Tamarindo. Guests can enjoy the on-site bar. Dena.
"This is a nice Hotel about 5 km from the Liberia airport. The staff was very friendly and the rooms are spacious and comfortable. The food was great as well. I did not return to Costa Rica to stay in..."
Featuring free WiFi and a restaurant, Villas Playa Hermosa offers accommodation in Liberia, 45 km from Playa Conchal. Guests can enjoy the on-site bar. Free private parking is available on site. MYR 131
Offering a restaurant and free WiFi in all areas, Hotel Del Rio is located 800 metres from Liberia main square and 2 km from Guanacaste Museum. MYR 246
Offering an outdoor pool and an on-site restaurant, Best Western El Sitio Hotel & Casino is located in Liberia, 13 km from Daniel Oduber Quirós International Airport. Free Wi-Fi access is available. David.
"very good for a night, great facilities, especially the pool, but not much to keep you in Liberia for too long, except to go somewhere else."
This hotel is located outside of Liberia and features an on-site restaurant, free Wi-Fi and an outdoor swimming pool. Hotel Las Espuelas, Bar & Restaurant has free private parking. Gary.
"We love this hotel. The staff is wonderful, friendly and very caring about there guests"
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Passover for the Rest of Us Workbook: A Guidebook on Celebrating a Passover Seder for Christians - Walmart.com
Generated at Wed, 22 May 2019 22:04:28 GMT
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Walmart # 561680756
Practical, informative, and fun, Passover for the Rest of Us is a guidebook that ANY family can use to create a very meaningful Passover Seder celebration. This workbook is for participants and includes information for both young and old to help them fully enjoy the night. The intended audience is Christian, and the focus is on the Messiah.
Practical, informative, and fun, Passover for the Rest of Us is a guidebook that ANY family can use to create a very meaningful Passover Seder celebration. This workbook is for participants and includes information for both young and old to help them fully enjoy the night. Everyone who comes to celebrate will leave with a deeper appreciation for the Passover and the hidden symbols of the Jewish holidays. This book is sure to be one that is pulled out and re-read every year in what is sure to become a favorite family tradition!
Please note, this workbook is written for Christians, and the symbolism of the feast is provided not only for the Exodus from Egypt, but demonstrates its ultimate fulfillment in the sacrifice of the Messiah. It is intended to be used with the full leader's guide entitled Passover for the Rest of Us: A Guidebook on Celebrating a Passover Seder for Christians.
9781943518104
7.00 x 5.00 x 0.13 Inches
1943518106
© 2019 Walmart. All Rights Reserved. To ensure we are able to help you as best we can, please include your reference number: ZGUQTTFJ2K
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text:
Italy's recent World Cup failures - from a 1990 semifinal loss to Argentina, the '94 title game heartbreaker to Brazil and the '98 quarterfinal setback to France - all were forgotten by jubilant Italian soccer fans celebrating their country's fourth World Cup title Sunday night.
Italy's Fabio Grosso celebrates after scoring the game-winning shootout goal to lift his side to its fourth World Cup championship. (Martin Rose - Getty Images)
BERLIN, July 9 -- As the World Cup's championship game crawled into a penalty kick tiebreaker Sunday evening, the final, inevitable step in cracking a 1-1 tie between Italy and France, the Azzurri's unceremonious past in shootouts swirled around Olympic Stadium like ghosts that have haunted Italian soccer since its previous title 24 years ago.
History provided painful reminders -- the 1990 semifinal loss to Argentina, the '94 title game heartbreaker to Brazil, the '98 quarterfinal setback to France.
This time, however, everything felt different. Italy had been the best team in this tournament over four weeks, suffocating opponents with its composed defense and utilizing a world-class midfield to mold a comfortable attack. And on this night, France had lost its captain and superstar midfielder, Zinedine Zidane, ejected late in overtime after viciously head-butting an Italian defender in the chest.
In the shootout, when David Trezeguet clanked France's second attempt off the crossbar, the Azzurri's championship awaited them. They did not let the opportunity pass, coolly converted all five kicks, including the clincher by Fabio Grosso, the overtime hero against the Germans five days earlier, to touch off celebrations from the grandstands of this historic arena to the piazzas of Rome.
"We had fear of the penalties," midfielder Gennaro Gattuso said. "Our history was not great."
Penalty kicks are "like the lottery," midfielder Andrea Pirlo added. "Sometimes you win and sometimes you lose. This time we were better than them."
It had been a long time since the Italians were better than anyone at the sport's premier gathering, stretching back to 1982, when they defeated West Germany. But by winning a fourth title, they moved within one of all-time leader Brazil and helped bring joy to a soccer-mad nation staggered by a match-fixing scandal in its fabled professional league.
Long before his ejection, Zidane had given Les Bleus the lead in the seventh minute on a penalty kick, but his late-game nemesis, Marco Materazzi, tied it in the 19th with a six-yard header.
It was a promising start to a match that many feared would be a grueling, defensive struggle -- two early goals, vibrant French attacking, Italian resiliency.
French forward Thierry Henry, back to his senses after taking a shoulder to the jaw in the opening minute, headed the ball into the box for Florent Malouda, whose dash was cut short when Materazzi slightly clipped him.
Referee Horacio Elizondo awarded a penalty kick, and Zidane took it. He took a subtle approach, chipping the ball as Gianluigi Buffon dived to his right. The floater hit the crossbar and spun down, clearly crossing the goal line before bouncing back up and off the bar again.
It was the first goal yielded by Italy since its second game of the tournament, a 1-1 tie with the United States three weeks ago on Cristian Zaccardo's own goal. The Azzurri had been attempting to tie a World Cup record for five consecutive shutouts and to set the overall record of six clean sheets in one tournament.

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Luisa F. Polania∗, Rafael E. Carrillo† , Manuel Blanco-Velasco‡ and Kenneth E. Barner∗
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19711 ´ of Electrical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique F´ d´ rale de Lausanne, Laussane, Switzerland e e ‡ Dept. Teor´a de la Se˜ al y Comunicaciones, Universidad de Alcal´ , Madrid, Spain ı n a with ǫ a bound on the sparsity level of s. B. Review of SαS distributions A class of SαS distributions can be characterized by their distribution having a characteristic function given by the exponential exp(iδt − γ α |t|α ), where α is the characteristic exponent restricted to the range (0 < α ≤ 2), δ is the real-valued location parameter, γ is the dispersion of the distribution (γ > 0) that determines the spread of the density around its location parameter. The characteristic exponent α controls the heaviness of the distribution tails. Thus, SαS random variables with small α values are highly impulsive. An important characteristic of SαS distributions (with α < 2) is the lack of second-order moments. Instead, all moments of order p < α are deﬁned and are called fractional lowerorder moments (FLOMs). In particular, the FLOMs of X ∼ fα (γ, δ = 0) are given by E{|X|p } = (C(p, α)γ)p , 0 < p < α where (C(p, α))p = expression for the dispersion of X,
p Γ(1− α ) cos( π p)Γ(1−p) . 2
Abstract—This paper presents a compressive sensing based method to reconstruct electrocardiogram (ECG) signals in the presence of electromyographic (EMG) noise. The symmetric αstable (SαS) distribution is used to model the EMG interference and the proposed reconstruction algorithm is based on fractional lower-order moments to efﬁciently deal with the large variance of the noise. The method is validated using real data from the MIT-BIH Noise Stress Test Database.
I. I NTRODUCTION Compressive Sensing (CS) [1] has been successfully applied to ECG signals [2], reducing the required number of samples to achieve an acceptable reconstruction for medical diagnosis. Furthermore, it has shown good results as an alternative for ECG compression in the context of wireless body sensor networks [3]. However, existing works in the area ignore the presence of real noise that severely affects the reconstruction. Of particular interest is the EMG noise whose spectral content considerably overlaps with that of the PQRST complex. A white Gaussian noise is usually used to model an EMG signal. The muscle noise shows frequently an impulsive behavior and it means that the Gaussian model may fail. As a better model ﬁtting alternative, the α-stable distribution was introduced for ECG applications [4]. In this paper, I propose to address the reconstruction of an ECG signal contaminated with EMG noise by using CS. The noise is modeled with a SαS distribution and the proposed reconstruction algorithm seeks a solution that minimizes the lp norm of the noise subject to a constraint on the l0 norm of the sparse representation of the ECG, thereby deﬁning a feasible set that diminishes the effect of gross errors. II. BACKGROUND A. Review of Compressive Sensing Let x ∈ Rn be a signal that is either K-sparse or compressible in some orthogonal basis Ψ, then x can be well approximated by a linear combination of a small set of vectors
γX = (E{|X|p })1/p (C(p, α))−1 III. ROBUST
A. Problem formulation The additive noise model of the acquired ECG signal is x = x0 + n, where n is the EMG noise and x0 is the original signal, represented by a linear superposition of K elements of an orthonormal wavelet basis, Ψ. If we consider linear random measurements as in the traditional CS literature, then y = Φx0 +r, with r = Φn. From the properties of SαS distributions, if X ∼ fα (γX , 0) and Y ∼ fα (γY , 0) are independent SαS random variables, then cX ∼ fα (|c|γX , 0)(c = 0) and α α X + Y ∼ fα ((γX + γY )1/α , 0). Then, it follows that r is also SαS distributed with the same α as n. The dispersion parameter deﬁned in (3) is the analogue of the variance for the SαS distributions in the sense that it is a measure of the spread of the variable around the mean. From (3), we know that the dispersion depends linearly on the fractional lower-order moments. Therefore, minimizing its dispersion is equivalent to minimizing its pth FLOM, which leads to the following constrained optimization problem
s∈Rn
from Ψ, i.e. x ≈
si ψi , where K ≪ n. Let Φ be an
m×n sensing matrix, m < n. Compressive sensing deals with the recovery of x from undersampled linear measurements of the form y = Φx = ΦΨs. CS states that the signal x can be recovered from M = O(Klog(n/K)) measurements if the matrix ΦΨ meets the restricted isometry property [1]. In practical scenarios with noise, the signal s can be recovered from y by solving the following optimization problem
min y − ΦΨs
≤ ǫ,
using the normalized mean square error (NMSE) as performance measure. IEEE. pp.” in DATE. 115 and 119. [2] L.. t. Cand` s and M. Gaussian sensing matrices are employed and Daubechies db4 wavelets are used as the sparsifying transform.P. C ONCLUSIONS This paper offers an algorithm to reconstruct ECG signals contaminated by real EMG noise in a CS framework. 4028 –4031.” in Proc.” e Signal Processing Magazine. r = (y − ΦΨx). and K. Mamaghanian. W (t) (ΦΨ)Γt gΓt (t) 2 2 . Algorithm An iterative hard thresholding algorithm is used to solve the problem in (5). 21 –30. thesis. A particular choice for the residual weight is the one that results in minimizing the lp -norm of the residual. no. Choosing the ith diagonal element of W as Wi = |ri |(p−2)/2 . Prague. Pander.For choosing the value of p. the performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with iterative hard thresholding with partially known support (IHT-PKS) [7]. that minimizes W (y − ΦΨs) 2 at 2 each iteration is µ(t) = gΓt (t) 2 2 signals. april 2008. The algorithm is also compared with IHT-PKS when the SNR of the input signal is varied from 6 dB to 18 dB and the number of measurements is ﬁxed to m = 320. Barner. Let s(0) = 0 and use the recursion s(t+1) = HK−L (st + µg (t) ) (6) 14 16 18 (b) Averaged NMSE over the records 117. E XPERIMENTAL R ESULTS Experiments are carried out over a 10-min long single-ECG lead from the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database. In Fig. Unlike the proposed algorithm. may 2011. 25. sept.J.” in Proc. Wakin. march 2011. Therefore. Czech Republic. pp. is shown in Fig. “A realtime compressed sensing-based personal electrocardiogram monitoring system. E. This type of noise is a serious limitation in ambulatory ECG recording systems since each movement may result in large disturbance.” in IEMBS.D.3 min W (y − ΦΨs) n 2 2 s. F. Fig. The signal is sampled and recovered using a sliding window of length n = 1024. providing more accurate information for diagnosis. The step size. Comparison of the proposed method with IHT-PKS. and D. May 2011. [7] Rafael E. and Kenneth E. “Iteratively reweighted algorithms for compressive sensing. where HK−L (·) is a non-linear operator that sets to zero all the elements but the L coefﬁcients in the low-pass approximation wavelet subband together with the largest K−L remaining elements. IV. µ is a step size and g = −∇s W (y − ΦΨs) 2 = 2 (ΦΨ)T W 2 (y − ΦΨs) is the negative gradient of the objective function. vol. The approach for dealing with this issue is to add a small ǫ > 0 to the residual. “An introduction to compressive sampling. pp. 2008. R EFERENCES [1] E. Greece. µ. the hard thresholding operator is the same as the one deﬁned in Section III-B. Modeling the noise as α-stable and introducing the lp norm in the reconstruction algorithm lead to superior recovery performance compared to l2 minimization algorithms. 1(a). the proposed algorithm exhibits superior performance even when the acquired signals are highly contaminated with EMG noise. All the results are averaged over the set of records 117. [6] R.” in Proc. 100. In the ﬁrst experiment.05 6 8 10 12 SNR (dB) Proposed method IHT−PKS Given that p − 2 will be negative.15 0. 2. (5) NMSE 0.. Atienza. 1. which is based on minimizing the standard deviation of a FLOM-based covariation estimator. Khaled. Blanco-Velasco. The SNR of the noisy input signal is set to 10 dB while the number of samples is varied.2 0. V. Iterative reweighted least squares has been successfully applied to CS problems by replacing the lp norm by a weighted l2 norm [6]. Carrillo. IEEE ICASSP. assumed to be the correct support.1 0. [4] T. 1(b). IEEE ICASSP. Let Γt denotes the support of s(t) .B. M. pp. the thresholding operator ensures the selection of the subband that accumulates the majority of the energy of the signal at each iteration. H. Mar. Barner. the problem 2 p in (4) can be reformulated as s∈R 10 0 Proposed method IHT−PKS NMSE 10 −1 200 300 400 500 600 700 Number of measurements 800 (a) Averaged NMSE over the records 117. R. IHT-PKS is based on the l2 norm minimization of the residuals y − ΦΨs. The result of this experiment. but. Ph.. “Compressed sensing based method for ecg compression. Carrillo. 2004. 1. Polania. we use the method proposed in [5]. Polania. University of Crete. 596 –599. the l2 -norm of the weighted residual becomes W r 2 = rT W 2 r = r p . In this way. The matrix of residual weights W is deﬁned as a diagonal matrix. 115. Bayesian Compressed Sensing using Alpha-Stable Distributions. Tzagkarakis.25 0. The proposed method is preferred since it outperforms IHT-PKS in the reconstruction of the ECG . B. 100 and 119 as a function of the SNR of the noisy input signal. pp. s 0 ≤ ǫ. “Iterative hard thresholding for compressed sensing with partially known support. “A suppression of an impulsive noise in ecg signal processing. 115. [5] G. 0. vol. 100 and 119 as a function of the number of measurements. The EMG noise is taken from the MIT-BIH Noise Stress Test Database. Kanoun. IEEE ICASSP. 2009. E. Chartrand and Wotao Yin. N. [3] K. 3869 – 3872. Luisa F. the weights Wi are undeﬁned whenever ri = 0. 1 –6.
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spike_sorting.pdf
Algebra II-9 Spring Review 2010
EI - Task on Hand
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