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c - Import constants from .h file into python - Stack Overflow
I have 2 c header files that resemble the following:
And I have a python class that I want to import these constants into:
I have c code which uses the constants as well, and resembles this:
How can I import the constants from the header file into the Python class?
The reason for the header files constants_a.h and constants_b.h is that I am using python to do most of the calculations using the constants, but at one point I need to use C to do more optimized calculations. At this point I am using ctypes to wrap the c code into Python. I want to keep the constants away from the code just in case I need to update or change them, and make my code much cleaner as well. I don't know if it helps to note I am also using NumPy, but other than that, no other non-standard Python extensions. I am also open to any suggestions regarding the design or architecture of this program.
python c header constants ctypes share|improve this question asked Mar 8 '13 at 12:04
Sorry for such late feedback everyone. I had a new, urgent project that I was working on, and had to put this on the backburner. As of the moment, I am stuck between Cong's and Emilio's answers. I will probably lean more towards the Cong's ctypes implementation, but I still really like the parsing method using re. Thanks for the great ideas everyone!
I recommend using regular expressions (re module) to parse the information you want out of the files.
Building a full C parser would be huge, but if you only use the variables and the file is reasonably simple/predictable/under control, then what you need to write is straightforward.
Just watch out for 'gotcha' artifacts such as commented-out code!
Have a look at the Tools/Scripts/h2py.py script, revised since 1992.
Thanks Emilio and eryksun. Until I saw Cong's answer, I was believing this was the way to go. It would be a good exercise to write a small parser for this purpose too.
@ManilaThrilla: You are very welcome. I have read and upvoted Cong's answer, it is very informative. Since a better answer is unlikely to come up after all this time, I suggest you mark Cong's as accepted.
I actually used this implementation rather than Cong's. I found this to be a bit more adaptive to changing/adding constants and parameters. Therefore, I have chosen this as the best answer now.
In general, defining variables in C header file is poor style. The header file should only declare objects, leaving their definition for the appropriate ".c" source code file.
One thing you may want to do is to declare the library-global constants like extern const whatever_type_t foo; and define (or "implement") them (i.e. assigning values to them) somewhere in your C code (make sure you do this only once).
Anyway, let's ignore how you do it. Just suppose you've already defined the constants and made their symbols visible in your shared object file "libfoo.so". Let us suppose you want to access the symbol pi, defined as extern const double pi = 3.1415926; in libfoo, from your Python code.
Now you typically load your object file in Python using ctypes like this:
>>> libfoo = ctypes.CDLL("path/to/libfoo.so")
But then you'll see ctypes thinks libfoo.pi is a function, not a symbol for constant data!
>>> libfoo.pi
<_FuncPtr object at 0x1c9c6d0>
To access its value, you have to do something rather awkward -- casting what ctypes thinks is a function back to a number.
>>> pi = ctypes.cast(foo.pi, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_double))
>>> pi.contents.value
In C jargon, this vaguely corresponds to the following thing happening: You have a const double pi, but someone forces you to use it only via a function pointer:
view_anyting_as_a_function_t pi_view = &pi;
What do you do with the pointer pi_view in order to use the value of pi? You cast it back as a const double * and dereference it: *(const double *)(pi_view).
So this is all very awkward. Maybe I'm missing something but this I believe is by design of the ctypes module -- it's there chiefly for making foreign function calls, not for accessing "foreign" data. And exporting pure data symbol in a loadable library is arguably rare.
And this will not work if the constants are only C macro definitions. There's in general no way you can access macro-defined data externally. They're macro-expanded at compile time, leaving no visible symbol in the generated library file, unless you also export their macro values in your C code.
Thanks Cong for your very detailed answer. I think accessing the values of the instances would be suitable for my work. It's a scientific endeavor rather than an actual software release, so I'm going for ease and clarity. I am curious, though, as to what you would consider a better style for defining constants. Keep in mind that these constants should be in a separate file so that it is a simple matter to quickly edit or change their values.
I would recommend using some kind of configuration file readable by both Python and C program, rather than storing constant values in headers. E.g. a simple csv, ini-file, or even your own simple format of 'key:value' pairs. And there will be no need to recompile the C program every time you'd like to change one of the values :)
answered Mar 8 '13 at 12:35
9,46862448
This sounds great, but I think then I would have to either create a parser for the C program, which I don't want to do, or use a library like LibConfig, which I also do not want to do. It would be nice, though, to not have to recompile the C program every time. Do you possibly have an example for this configuration file?
A JSON-formatted config as an example. Supported by Python's standard library and lots of implementations for C are available on json.org
I'd up-vote emilio, but I'm lacking rep!
Although you have requested to avoid other non-standard libraries, you may wish to take a look at Cython (Cython: C-Extensions for Python www.cython.org/), which offers the flexibility of Python coding and the raw speed of execution of C/C++-compiled code. This way you can use regular Python for everything, but handle the expensive elements of code using its built-in C-types. You can then convert your Python code into .c files too (or just wrap external C-libraries themselves. ), which can then be compiled into a binary. I've achieved up to 10x speed-ups doing so for numerical routines. I also believe NumPy uses it.
Well I originally implemented my code in Cython, but like I stated in my question, I am using ctypes now to maintain portability. The problem is that Cython is not available in the standard Python library, but ctypes is. But you're right, Cython is awesome and very easy to use. I did find ctypes to be a few microseconds faster than cython though.
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Amazon.co.uk: Mr. L. Mitchell "Badhooverdog"'s review of Microsoft Gift Card - GBP25 (Xbox One/360)
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Patent US7132031 - Process for making a disposable diaper - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsIn a process for making disposable diapers, a first web is continuously fed in its longitudinal direction. Tape fastener members extending in the longitudinal direction are fed to the first web so as to straddle respective lines corresponding to the side edges of the respective backsheets. Each of the...http://www.google.com/patents/US7132031?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7132031 - Process for making a disposable diaperAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS7132031 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 10/751,480Publication dateNov 7, 2006Filing dateJan 6, 2004Priority dateSep 11, 2001Fee statusPaidAlso published asCA2459712A1, CN1284520C, CN1553788A, EP1454605A1, EP1454605A4, EP1454605B1, EP2441422A1, EP2441422B1, US20040194879, WO2003022195A1Publication number10751480, 751480, US 7132031 B2, US 7132031B2, US-B2-7132031, US7132031 B2, US7132031B2InventorsMasaya Ohiro, Akihisa Shiomi, Kyoko Ito, Kyota Saito, Akihide NinomiyaOriginal AssigneeUni-Charm Co., Ltd.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (5), Referenced by (14), Classifications (34), Legal Events (3) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetProcess for making a disposable diaper
US 7132031 B2Abstract
In a process for making disposable diapers, a first web is continuously fed in its longitudinal direction. Tape fastener members extending in the longitudinal direction are fed to the first web so as to straddle respective lines corresponding to the side edges of the respective backsheets. Each of the tape fastener members has its longitudinally opposite end portions folded in a Z-shape or an inverted Z-shape. Top sections of these Z-shape and inverted Z-shape are coated on their undersides with a first self adhesive and bottom sections of these Z-shape and inverted Z-shape are coated on their undersides with a second self-adhesive. The tape fastener member is bonded to the first web by means of the second self-adhesive. The first web and the tape fastener members are simultaneously cut along the lines.
1. A process of making disposable diapers each having
inner and outer surfaces adapted to face toward and away from a wearer, respectively.
front and rear ends extending in a transverse direction and a pair of side edges extending in a longitudinal direction,
a front waist region, a rear waist region and a crotch region extending between said waist regions, and
one of said front and rear waist regions of said outer surface being provided in vicinities of said side edges with folded tape fasteners which are unfoldable in said transverse direction,
feeding continuously a web in a machine direction which defines the transverse direction of the diapers to be made, wherein said web comprises backsheets of the diapers arranged side-by side and has a surface defining the outer surface of the diapers;
providing tape fastener members each having, in said machine direction, longitudinally opposite end portions and an intermediate portion extending between said opposite end portions, said opposite end portions being folded in a Z-shape or an inverted Z-shape, top sections of said Z-shape and said inverted Z-shape being coated on undersides thereof with a first adhesive and bottom sections of said Z-shape and said inverted Z-shape being coated on undersides thereof with a second adhesive;
bonding said tape fastener members by means of said second adhesive to said surface of said web in said one of said front and rear waist regions of said backsheets of the diapers so that said tape fastener members straddle cutting lines which are located between adjacent ones of the diapers and define the side edges of the diapers; and
cutting said web together with said tape fastener members along said cutting lines to separate the individual diapers from said web:
said process further comprising, prior to said bonding, folding said web along a line bisecting a width of said web so that a first region of said web destined to form the front waist regions of the diapers and a second region of said web destined to form the rear waist regions of the diapers overlay each other; and
joining the folded first and second regions together in joining zones on opposite sides of the cutting lines destined to define said side edges of said diapers;
wherein, in said bonding, said tape fastener members are bonded to said web by means of said second adhesive on opposite sides of respective said joining zones so as to straddle respective said joining zones.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein the diapers being cut from said web are pant diapers.
3. A process of making disposable diapers each having
inner and outer surfaces adapted to face toward and away from a wearer, respectively, front and rear ends extending in a transverse direction and a pair of side edges extending in a longitudinal direction,
feeding continuously a web in a machine direction which defines the transverse direction of the diapers to be made, wherein said web comprises backsheets of the diapers arrange side-by side and has a surface defining the outer surface of the diapers;
wherein, in each of said tape fastener members being provided in said providing,
each of the Z-shape and inverted Z-shape further comprises, in addition to the top and bottom sections, a middle section located between the top and bottom sections; and
said first adhesive releasably bonds the top section to the middle section at a first end of the middle section, and permanently bonds the top section to the middle section at an opposite, second end of the middle section.
4. The process of claim 3, wherein, in each of said tape fastener members being provided in said providing,
the middle section is coated on a underside thereof with a third adhesive; and
said third adhesive releasably bonds the middle section to the bottom section at the second end of the middle section, and permanently bonds the middle section to the bottom section at the first end of the middle section.
5. The process of claim 4, wherein, in each of said tape fastener members being provided in said providing,
the second end of the middle section comprises a folded portion which has the third adhesive facing upwardly and being permanently bonded to the first adhesive of the top section; and
the bottom section comprises, in a region corresponding to the first end of the middle section, another folded portion which has the second adhesive facing upwardly and being permanently bonded to the third adhesive of the middle section.
6. A process of making disposable diapers each having
inner and outer surfaces adapted to face toward and away from a wearer, respectively,
cutting said web together with said tape fastener members along said cutting lines to separate the individual diapers from said web;
wherein said bonding comprises permanently bonding the tape fastener members to said web.
7. A process of making disposable diapers, said process comprising:
feeding continuously a web in a machine direction, wherein said web comprises backsheets of a plurality of diapers arranged side-by side with intended cutting lines located between adjacent said diapers, and said web further has a surface defining an outer surface of the diapers;
providing tape fastener members each having, in said machine direction, longitudinally opposite end portions and an intermediate portion extending between said opposite end portions, said opposite end portions respectively comprising two folded tape fasteners for two adjacent said diapers on said web;
bonding the opposite end portions of said tape fastener members to said surface of said web, wherein the intermediate portion of each of said tape fastener members extends across one of said intended cutting lines; and
simultaneously cutting said web and the tape fastener members along said cutting lines to obtain the individual diapers having the folded tape fasteners.
8. The process according to claim 7, wherein said web being continuously fed comprises a first layer defining the backsheets and the outer surface of the diapers, a second layer defining a topsheet and the inner surface of the diapers, and a plurality of liquid-absorbent cores arranged intermittently in the machine direction between the first and second layers.
9. The process according to claim 7, further comprising, prior to said bonding,
folding said web along a line bisecting a width of said web so that a first region of said web intended to form front waist regions of the diapers and a second region of said web intended to form rear waist regions of the diapers overlay each other; and
joining the folded first and second regions together in joining zones on opposite sides of the cutting lines intended to define longitudinal side edges of the diapers;
wherein, in said bonding, the opposite end portions of said tape fastener members are bonded to said web on opposite sides of respective said joining zones and the intermediate portions of said tape fastener members straddle respective said joining zones.
10. The process according to claim 7, wherein said bonding comprises permanently bonding the opposite end portions of the tape fastener members to said web.
11. The process of claim 7, wherein, in each of said tape fastener members being provided in said providing,
the opposite end portions are folded in a Z-shape or an inverted Z-shape, each said Z-shape or inverted Z-shape comprising a top section, a bottom section that is bonded to said web in said bonding, and a middle section located between the top and bottom sections; and
the intermediate portion is made integrally with and connects the top sections of the Z-shape and inverted Z-shape of the opposite end portions.
12. The process of claim 7, wherein, in each of said tape fastener members being provided in said providing,
the opposite portions are folded in a Z-shape or an inverted Z-shape, each said Z-shape or inverted Z-shape comprising a top section, a bottom section that is bonded to said web in said bonding, and a middle section located between the top and bottom sections; and
the intermediate portion is made integrally with and connects the bottom sections of the Z-shape and inverted Z-shape of the opposite end portions.
13. The process of claim 7, wherein, in each of said tape fastener members being provided in said providing,
the top section is releasably bonded to the middle section at a first end of the middle section, and permanently bonded to the middle section at an opposite, second end of the middle section.
14. The process of claim 13, wherein, in each of said tape fastener members being provided in said providing,
the middle section is releasably bonded to the bottom section at the second end of the middle section, and permanently bonded the bottom section at the first end of the middle section.
15. The process of claim 14, wherein, in each of said tape fastener members being provided in said providing,
the top, bottom and middle sections are coated on undersides thereof with first, second and third adhesives, respectively, said second adhesive bonding the respective Z-shape or inverted Z-shape to said web in said bonding;
16. A process of making disposable diapers each having
cutting said web and said tape fastener members along said cutting lines to separate the individual diapers from said web;
said process further comprising, prior to said bonding,
folding said web along a line bisecting a width of said web so that a first region of said web destined to form the front waist regions of the diapers and a second region of said web destined to form the rear waist regions of the diapers overlay each other; and
This application is a continuation of WIPO Application No. PCT/JP02/09233 filed Sep. 10, 2002, which claims priority to Japanese Application No. 2001-275630 filed Sep. 11, 2001.
This invention relates to a disposable diaper.
Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 1993-39531A discloses a pants-type wearing article. In this wearing article, tape fasteners folded in a Z-shape or an inverted Z-shape so as to be unfolded in a waist-surrounding direction when these tape fasteners are used are provided on a wearer's body facing surface of the rear waist region in the vicinity of the rear waist region's both side edges along which the rear waist region is overlaid and joined together with the front waist region. Top section of the tape fasteners corresponding to the top of the Z-shape is coated on its under surface with a self-adhesive. The tape fasteners may be unfolded and anchored to the wearing article at its appropriate positions to tighten the waist-surrounding dimension or to retain the used diaper in a rolled up state.
The invention described in the above-cited Publication certainly provides a pants-type wearing article having tape fasteners but not provides a process for making such a wearing article. While it is obviously possible to attach tape fasteners one by one to a wearing article, this invention aims to attach tape fasteners to a wearing article, for example, a disposable diaper in a remarkably efficient manner in the process for continuously making the wearing article.
According to this invention, there is provided a process for making a disposable diaper, the diaper having a wearer's body facing surface and a garment facing surface, front and rear ends extending in a transverse direction and a pair of side edges extending in a longitudinal direction, a front waist region, a rear waist region and a crotch region extending between the waist regions, and one of the front and rear waist regions of the garment facing surface being provided in vicinities of the side edges with tape fasteners folded so that the tape fasteners are unfolded in the transverse direction. This invention includes the steps of:
a) feeding continuously a first web in the transverse direction wherein the first web comprises a plurality of backsheets defining the garment facing surface having the pair of side edges and successively connected one to another along the side edges so as to be continuous in the transverse direction; b) feeding tape fastener members to the first web fed in the step a), wherein each of the tape fastener members extending in the transverse direction has longitudinally opposite end portions and an intermediate portion extending between the opposite end portions, the opposite end portions being folded in a Z-shape or an inverted Z-shape, top sections of the Z-shape and the inverted Z-shape being coated on respective under surfaces with a first adhesive and bottom sections of the Z-shape and the inverted Z-shape being coated on respective under surfaces with a second adhesive, and bonding the tape fastener members by means of the second adhesive to the garment facing surface in one of the front and rear waist regions of the backsheets being contiguous one to another along the side edges in the first web so that the tape fastener members straddle the side edges, respectively; and c) cutting the first web together with the tape fastener members along the side edges. This invention may be implemented also in manners as follows:
(1) The first web is fed in the step a) in the condition that the first web is overlaid with a second web which is continuous in the transverse direction and destined to be a topsheet defining the wearer's body facing surface and liquid-absorbent cores arranged intermittently in the feeding direction of these first and second webs between these first and second webs. (2) The first web is destined to define the garment facing surface of an open-type disposable diaper. (3) The first web is destined to be the backsheet defining the garment facing surface of a pants-type disposable diaper and after the first web has been folded back along a line bisecting a vertical dimension of the first web so that a region of the first web destined to form the front waist regions and a region of the first web destined to form the rear waist regions are directly or indirectly overlaid each other, the folded back two regions are joined together at zones each having a desired width along lines to define the side edges of the diaper and thereafter the tape fastener members are bonded to the first web by means of the second adhesive on both sides of the respective zones of desired width so as to straddle the respective zones. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway plan view showing a disposable diaper;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a manner in which the tape fasteners are used;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating another manner in which the tape fasteners are used;
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a part of the process for making a disposable diaper;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along a line VI—VI in FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 6 illustrating another embodiment of the tape fastener member;
FIG. 8 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing a pants-type disposable diaper;
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along a line IX—IX in FIG. 8;
FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a pants-type disposable diaper illustrating a manner in which the tape fasteners are used;
FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a part of the process for making a pants-type disposable diaper;
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view taken along a line XII—XII in FIG. 11; and
FIG. 13 is a diagram similar to FIG. 11 illustrating a part of the process for making a pants-type disposable diaper.
Details of the process for making a disposable diaper proposed by this invention will be more fully understood from the description given hereunder with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a partially cut away plan view showing a disposable diaper 1 made by the process according to this invention and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along a line II—II in FIG. 1. The diaper 1 comprises a liquid-pervious topsheet 2 facing a wearer's body, a liquid-impervious backsheet 3 facing a garment the wearer puts on and a liquid-absorbent core 4 interposed between these two sheets 2, 3. FIG. 1 is the plan view showing the diaper 1 with the backsheet 3 on the upper side and the topsheet 2 on the under side. The diaper 1 is contoured by front and rear ends 11, 12 extending in parallel to each other in a transverse direction and a pair of side edges 13 extending in parallel to each other in a longitudinal direction orthogonal to the transverse direction. The diaper 1 is composed of, in the longitudinal direction, a front waist region 6 put aside toward the front end 11, a rear waist region 7 put aside toward the rear end 12 and a crotch region 8 extending between these two waist regions 6, 7. In the crotch region 8, the side edges 13 curve inward. Respective portions of the top- and backsheets 2, 3 extend outward beyond a peripheral edge of the core 4 and are overlaid and joined together by means of a hot melt adhesive (not shown) to form a front flap 16, a rear flap 17 and side flaps 18. In the front flap 16 and the rear flap 17, waist-surrounding elastic members 19 are bonded in a stretched state to the inner surface of at least one of the top- and backsheets 2, 3. In the side flaps 18, thigh-surrounding elastic members 21 are stretched along the curved side edges 13 and bonded in this stretched state to the inner surface of at least one of the top- and backsheets 2, 3. In the rear waist region 7, tape fasteners 30 are attached to the backsheet 3 in the vicinity of the respective side edges 13. The tape fasteners 30 are folded so that these tape fasteners 30 may be unfolded outward beyond the respective side edges 13.
As viewed in FIG. 2, each of the tape fasteners 30 consists of a top tape section 31, a bottom tape section 32 and an intermediate tape section 33 lying between these top and bottom tape sections 31, 32. The top tape section 31 has an inner end portion 36, an outer end portion 37 and an intermediate portion 38 with respect to the diaper 1 and these portions 36–38 are coated on the under surfaces thereof with the first self-adhesive 39. The bottom tape section 32 also has an inner end portion 41, an outer end portion 42 and an intermediate portion 43 and these portions 41–43 are coated on the under surfaces thereof with the second self-adhesive 44. Similarly, the intermediate tape section 33 has an inner end portion 46, an outer end portion 47 and an intermediate portion 48 and these portions 46–48 are coated on the under surfaces thereof with the third self-adhesive 49. The inner end portion 36 of the top tape section 31 is temporarily fixed to an upper surface 32 a of the bottom tape section 32 but firmly bonded to the folded upward inner end portion 46 of the intermediate tape section 33. The outer end portion 37 of the top tape section 31 extends outwardly of the diaper 1 beyond respective outer end portions of the bottom tape section 32 and the intermediate tape section 33. The first self-adhesive 39 coating the outer end portion 37 is covered with a small film strip 51. The intermediate portion 38 of the top tape section 31 is temporarily fixed to an upper surface 33 a of the intermediate tape section 33. The bottom tape section 32 is firmly bonded over its substantially full length to an outer surface (upper surface as viewed in FIG. 2) of the backsheet 3. The outer end portion 42 of the bottom tape section 32 is folded upward and firmly bonded to the outer end portion 47 of the intermediate tape section 33 by means of the third self-adhesive 49. Except for the folded inner end portion 46 bonded to the top tape section 31 and the outer end portion 47 bonded to the outer end portion 42 of the bottom tape section 32, the intermediate tape section 33, i.e., the intermediate portion 48 thereof is temporarily fixed to the upper surface 32 a of the bottom tape section 32. The top tape section 31, the intermediate tape section 33 and the bottom tape section 32 arranged in this manner form the continuous tape fastener folded in a Z-shape. The outer end portion 37 of the top tape section 31 may be held together with the small film strip 51 by fingers and pulled in the direction P outwardly of the diaper 1 to peel the temporarily fixed portions off one from another and thereby to unfold the tape fastener 30 as indicated by imaginary lines. In order to facilitate the first self-adhesive 39 to be peeled off from the bottom tape section 32 and the intermediate tape section 33 and/or in order to facilitate the third self-adhesive 49 to be peeled off from the bottom tape section 32, these tape sections 32, 33 may be coated with a suitable release agent such as silicone oil.
FIGS. 3 and 4 are diagrams illustrating manners in which the tape fasteners 30 are used. Referring to FIG. 3, the tape fasteners 30 are fully unfolded from the rear waist region 7 of the diaper 1 put on a wearer's body and detachably fixed to the front waist region 6. Referring to FIG. 4, the used diaper 1 has been rolled up and retained by the tape fasteners 30 in such a rolled up state. In this way, the tape fasteners 30 are useful not only to put the diaper 1 on the wearer's body but also to maintain the used diaper 1 in a rolled up state for disposal thereof.
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a part of the process for continuously making the diapers 1. In a series of steps (1)–(3) illustrated in the lower part of this diagram, an arrow pointing leftward indicates a machine direction MD. In the step (1), a continuous diaper 65 is fed in the machine direction MD. The continuous diaper 65 comprises continuous liquid-pervious web 62 destined to define the topsheet 2 of the diaper 1, continuous liquid-impervious web 63 placed on the web 62 and destined to define the backsheet 3 of the diaper 1 and the cores 4 intermittently arranged in the machine direction MD at given intervals and interposed between these webs 62, 63. These webs 62, 63 are overlaid and joined together by means of a hot melt adhesive (not shown) around the respective cores 4. Of the continuous diaper 65, a dimension in a direction CD orthogonal to the machine direction MD corresponds to a longitudinal dimension of the individual diaper 1 and an imaginary line A extending in the cross direction CD indicates a position representing each of the side edges 13 of the individual diaper 1. In these two webs 62, 63, a plurality of topsheets 2 are contiguous one to another along respective side edges 13 and a plurality of backsheets 3 are contiguous one to another along the respective side edges 13. The core 4 is placed between each pair of the adjacent imaginary lines A, A and the overlaid webs 62, 63 are cut out approximately in the middle of the imaginary line A to form a circular opening 66.
In the step (2), the tape fastener members 67 are fed from a series of steps (a)–(d) illustrated in the upper part of the diagram and these tape fastener members 67 are attached to the continuous diaper 65 traveling in the machine direction MD so that these tape fastener members 67 may straddle the respective imaginary lines A.
In the step (3), the continuous diaper 65 is cut along the imaginary lines A together with the taper fastener members 67 and the individual diapers 1 shown in FIG. 1 are obtained. Peripheral edges of the openings 66 formed in the continuous diaper 65 are destined to define the curved side edges 13 of the diaper 1 in its crotch region 8.
In a series of steps (a)–(d) illustrated in the upper part of FIG. 5, the tape fastener members 67 are prepared. In the step (a), continuous tape 367 destined to define the tape fastener members 67 is fed from the right hand toward the left hand as viewed in the diagram. In the step (b), the continuous tape 367 is cut in the transverse direction to obtain the individual tape fastener members 67. In the step (c), the tape fastener members 67 obtained in the step (b) are rotated by 90� so that the members 67 may extend in the machine direction MD. In the step (d), the tape fastener members 67 rotated in this manner are fed to the continuous diaper 65. It is possible to feed the continuous tape 367 in the cross direction CD rather than in the machine direction MD as illustrated and, in this case, the individual tape fastener members 67 obtained by cutting the continuous tape 367 are also fed in the cross direction CD to the continuous diaper 65.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the continuous diaper 65 including the tape fastener members 67 shown in FIG. 5 as taken along a line VI—VI in FIG. 5. The tape fastener member 67 is symmetric about the imaginary line A, so the left half of the member 67 is not illustrated for the purpose of simplification. The tape fastener member 67 comprises a first tape section 131 straddling the imaginary line A and extending in the machine direction MD, the bottom tape section 32 bonded to the liquid-impervious web 63 on both sides of the imaginary line A by means of the second self-adhesive 44 and the intermediate tape section 33 temporarily fixed to the upper surface 32 a of the bottom tape section 32 by means of the third self-adhesive 49. The first tape section 131 is temporarily fixed to the upper surface of the intermediate tape section 33 by means of a self-adhesive 139 and this self-adhesive 139 is covered with a small plastic film strip 151 in the vicinity of the imaginary line A. These continuous diaper 65 and tape fastener members 67 may be cut along the respective imaginary lines A to obtain the individual diapers 1 and the tape fasteners 30 attached thereto as shown in FIG. 1 wherein the liquid-pervious web 62 and the liquid-impervious web 63 respectively define the topsheet 2 and the backsheet 3. The first tape section 131, the self-adhesive 139 and the small plastic film strip 151 in the tape fastener member 67 may be cut along the imaginary line A to obtain the top tape section 31, the first self-adhesive 39 and the small plastic film strip 51 of the tape fastener 30 shown in FIG. 2. The bottom tape section 32 and the second self-adhesive 44 of the tape fastener member 67 respectively define the bottom tape section 32 and the second self-adhesive 44 of the diaper 1 and the intermediate tape section 33 and the third self-adhesive 49 respectively define the intermediate tape section 33 and the third self-adhesive 49 of the diaper 1. Referring to FIG. 6, of two tape fasteners 30 obtained from one and same tape fastener member 67, the tape fastener 30 lying on the right side of the imaginary line A—A is folded in a Z-shape and the tape fastener 30 lying on the left side is folded in an inverted Z-shape.
Such a process for continuously making the individual diapers 1 characterized in that the continuous diaper 65 is cut together with the tape fastener members 67 is more advantageous than the process of well known art according to which the tape fasteners 30 are separately prepared and attached to the diapers 1 one by one. The process according to this invention enables steps of cutting base material for the tape fasteners 30 to be eliminated by one step.
FIG. 7 is a diagram similar to FIG. 6 illustrating another embodiment of this invention. The tape fastener member 67 used in this continuous diaper 65 comprises the top tape section 31, the bottom tape section 32 and a second tape section 133 interposed between these two tape sections 31, 32 wherein the second tape section 133 extends beyond the imaginary line A. The tape fastener member 67 may be cut together with the continuous diaper 65 along the imaginary line A to form the tape fasteners 30 on both sides of the imaginary line A similarly to the case of the tape fastener member 67 in FIG. 6. The top tape section 31 in this tape fastener member 67 and the first self-adhesive 39 applied on the under surface of this tape section 31 function in the same manner as the top tape section 31 and the first self-adhesive 39 applied to the under surface of this tape section 31 shown in FIG. 2. The bottom tape section 32 in the tape fastener member 67 and the second self-adhesive 44 applied on the under surface of this section 32 function also in the same manner of those in FIG. 2. While the second tape section 133 and a self-adhesive 149 applied on the under surface of the second tape section 133 function in the same manner as the intermediate tape section 33 and the third self-adhesive 49 in FIG. 2, a portion 147 of the second tape section 133 extending beyond the outer end portion 42 of the bottom tape section 32 to the imaginary line A is longer than the portion 47 of the tape fastener 30 in FIG. 2 and firmly bonded to the liquid-impervious web 63. In the diaper 1 using the second tape section 133, the tape fastener 30 may be pulled leftward in the direction P as viewed in FIG. 7 with the outer end portion 37 of the top tape section 31 held by fingers to unfold the top tape section 31, the bottom tape section 32 and the second tape section 133 in the same manner as the tape fastener 30 in FIG. 2. It should be understood that the portion 147 of the second tape section 133 remains bonded to the backsheet 3 defined by the second web 63. In the tape fastener 30 according to this embodiment, the portion 147 bonded to the backsheet 3 over a relatively large area is effective to prevent a force tending to peel the bottom tape section 32 off from the backsheet 3 from acting upon the bottom tape section 32.
FIG. 8 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing a pants-type disposable diaper 201 made by the process according to this invention. The diaper 201 comprises a liquid-pervious topsheet 202, a liquid-impervious backsheet 203 and a liquid-absorbent core 204 disposed between these two sheets 202, 203 so as to configure a front waist region 206, a rear waist region 207 and a crotch region 208. The front and rear waist regions 206, 207 are overlaid together in the vicinity of transversely opposite side edges 213 thereof and joined together at bonding zones 210 arranged intermittently in the longitudinal direction of the diaper 201 so as to define a waist-hole 271 and a pair of leg-holes 272. A waist-surrounding elastic member 219 is attached in a stretched state to a peripheral edge portion of the waist-hole 271 and thigh-surrounding elastic members 221 are attached in a stretched state to peripheral edge portions of the leg-holes 272. The rear waist region 207 is provided with tape fasteners 230 in the vicinity of the respective side edges 213.
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along a line IX—IX in FIG. 8. In the diaper 201, the front and rear trunk regions 206, 207 are overlaid together in the vicinity of the side edges 213 and the top- and backsheets 202, 203 are joined together at the bonding zones 210. The tape fastener 230 is identical to the tape fastener 30 in FIG. 2, so the regions of the tape fastener 230 are designated by the reference numerals added 200 to the reference numerals of the corresponding tape fastener 30. The tape fastener 230 can be unfolded with the outer end portion 237 of the top tape section 231 held by fingers so as to extend in the direction P beyond the side edge 213 of the rear waist region 207 to the front waist region 206.
FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a pants-type disposable diaper 201 illustrating a manner in which the tape fasteners 230 are used. In the case of the diaper 201 shown in FIG. 10, the front waist region 206 is pulled toward the rear waist region 207 using the tape fasteners 230 so that the diaper 201 may be tucked to alleviate overabundance in the waist-surrounding direction. This tape fastener 230 also is useful to retain the used diaper in a rolled up state as the tape fastener 30 of FIG. 5 is.
FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a part of the process for continuously making the diaper 201 having the tape fasteners 230. In the step (1), continuous diaper 265 destined to be the pants-type diapers 201 is fed from the right hand toward the left hand as viewed in FIG. 11, i.e., in the machine direction MD. The continuous diaper 265 is similar to the continuous diaper 65 of FIG. 5 except that a continuous liquid-pervious web 262 is placed on a continuous liquid-impervious web 263 and the cores 204 are interposed between these webs 262, 263. In the step (2), the continuous diaper 265 is folded back along the center line C bisecting a dimension of the continuous diaper 265 in the cross direction CD crossing the machine direction MD with the liquid-pervious web 262 inside. In the step (3), the bonding zones 210 are formed on both sides of the imaginary line A extending in the cross direction CD in the middle between each pair of the adjacent cores 204, 204 so that two layers of the continuous diaper 265 formed by folding back may be intermittently joined together. In the step (4), the tape fastener members 267 are fed so as to straddle the bonding zones 210 in the machine direction MD and bonded to the liquid-impervious web 263 on both sides of the bonding zones 210. In the step (5), the continuous diaper 265 is cut along the imaginary lines A together with the tape fastener members 267 and the individual pants-type diapers 201 are obtained.
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view taken along a line XII—XII in FIG. 11. On both sides of the respective imaginary lines A extending across the continuous diaper 265, the liquid-pervious web 262 and the liquid-impervious web 263 destined to form the front waist regions 206, on one hand, and the liquid-pervious web 262 and the liquid-impervious web 263 destined to form the rear waist regions 207, on the other hand, are welded together in the bonding zones 210. Similarly to the tape fastener member 67 shown by FIG. 5, the tape fastener member 267 has the uppermost first tape section 131 straddling the bonding zones 210 formed on both sides of the imaginary line A. This tape fastener member 267 may be cut along the imaginary line A to obtain the tape fastener 230 shown in FIG. 10.
FIG. 13 is a diagram similar to FIG. 11 illustrating a part of the process for making the pants-type disposable diaper 201 comprising steps different from those in the process illustrated by FIG. 11. Referring to FIG. 13, in the step (3), the tape fastener members 267 are fed to the continuous diaper 265 so as to straddle the respective imaginary lines A and bonded to the liquid-impervious web 263. In the step (4), the bonding zones 210 are formed on both sides of the respective imaginary lines A. In the case that the liquid-pervious web 262 and the liquid-impervious web 263 are made of a thermoplastic material having a relatively low softening temperature such as polyethylene or polypropylene and the tape fastener member 267 is made of a thermoplastic material having a relatively high softening temperature such as polyester, the liquid-pervious web 262 and the liquid-impervious web 263 may be heat-sealed above the tape fastener member 267 to form the bonding zones 210 and thereby to obtain the pants-type diaper 201 having the arrangement similar to that shown by FIG. 12.
It is possible without departing from the scope of this invention to use, in the process illustrated by FIGS. 11 and 13, the tape fastener member 67 shown in FIG. 6 instead of the tape fastener member 267 shown in FIG. 12. In the process illustrated by FIG. 11, it is possible without departing from the scope of this invention to directly joined two layers of the folded back liquid-impervious web 263 without interposition of the liquid-pervious web 262 in the bonding zones 210. The liquid-pervious web 62, 262 and the liquid-impervious web 63, 263 are preferably made of a heat-sealable sheet material containing thermoplastic synthetic resin over 50 wt %. This invention may be implemented in a manner that the tape fasteners 30, 230 are attached to the front waist region 6, 206 instead of attaching them to the rear waist region 7, 207 as for the diaper 1, 201 as illustrated.
The process according to this invention for making the disposable diapers is primarily characterized in that the continuous diaper is cut together with the tape fastener members and thereby the individual diapers are obtained. Thus the time and labor required to prepare the tape fasteners for production of the disposable diaper can be alleviated.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS3874386 *Mar 19, 1974Apr 1, 1975Union Carbide CorpPressure-sensitive tape fastener for disposable diapersUS4237890 *Jan 8, 1979Dec 9, 1980S.A. Beghin-SayFastener means for disposable diapers and process of manufactureUS6328725 *Nov 26, 1996Dec 11, 2001Sca Hygiene Products AbMethod of producing reclosable absorbent garments and absorbent garments obtained therebyJP2000502573A Title not availableJPH0539531A Title not available* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS7326191 *Oct 13, 2004Feb 5, 2008Fameccanica.Data.S.P.AClosure element for absorbent sanitary product, manufacturing process, process of use, and product thus obtainedUS7527617 *Oct 19, 2004May 5, 2009Uni-Charm CorporationDisposable wearing articleUS7915477Oct 17, 2008Mar 29, 2011Uni-Charm CorporationDisposable wearing articleUS7922850Apr 12, 2011Fameccanica.Data S.P.AClosure element for absorbent sanitary products, manufacturing process, process of use, and product thus obtainedUS8048249Nov 1, 2011Fameccanica.Data S.P.A.Closure element for absorbent sanitary products, manufacturing process, process of use, and product thus obtainedUS8672824Mar 16, 2012Mar 18, 2014Fameccanica.Data S.P.A.Process and equipment for folding a pant type diaperUS9248056Jan 13, 2012Feb 2, 2016Fameccanica.Data S.P.A.Pant-type diaper and corresponding manufacturing process and apparatusUS20050090788 *Oct 19, 2004Apr 28, 2005Uni-Charm CorporationDisposable wearing articleUS20050113793 *Oct 13, 2004May 26, 2005Fameccanica.Data S.P.A.Closure element for absorbent sanitary products, manufacturing process, process of use, and product thus obtainedUS20080099124 *Dec 6, 2007May 1, 2008Fameccanica.Data S.P.AClosure element for absorbent sanitary products, manufacturing process, process of use, and product thus obtainedUS20080234648 *Mar 21, 2007Sep 25, 2008Dunham Sue LDisposable diaper with adornment featureUS20080249493 *Sep 21, 2005Oct 9, 2008Kao CorporationAbsorbent ArticleUS20090062759 *Oct 17, 2008Mar 5, 2009Uni-Charm CorporationDisposable wearing articleUS20110139352 *Jun 16, 2011Fameccanica.Data S.P.AClosure element for absorbent sanitary products, manufacturing process, process of use, and product thus obtained* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification156/270, 156/512, 156/265, 156/227, 156/302, 156/226, 156/519, 156/200, 156/204, 156/516International ClassificationA61F13/56, A61F13/15, B32B37/00, A61F13/49, A61F5/44Cooperative ClassificationA61F13/565, A61F13/551, Y10T156/1097, Y10T156/1077, Y10T156/1084, Y10T156/1317, A61F13/496, Y10T156/1015, Y10T156/1085, Y10T156/1008, A61F13/15756, Y10T156/133, Y10T156/1049, Y10T156/13, Y10T156/1051European ClassificationA61F13/496, A61F13/551, A61F13/15M7, A61F13/56CLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionJun 8, 2004ASAssignmentOwner name: UNI-CHARM CO., LTD., JAPANFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:OHIRO, MASAYA;SHIOMI, AKIHISA;SAITO, KYOTA;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:015436/0672;SIGNING DATES FROM 20040601 TO 20040602Apr 29, 2010FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Apr 9, 2014FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services

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football troll | eBay
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football troll:
Oakland Raiders Football Troll (Russ)
Vintage DAM TROLL 1986 - Football Fanatic, Orange Hair, Closed Mouth - 4.5" NWT
FOOTBALL PLAYER TROLL FIGURE
2006 FOOTBALL PLAYER #2 - 5" Dam Troll Doll - NEW IN CONTAINER
"Football Troll"
Lot of 8 TROLL DOLLS Russ - Football49 Niners- Birthday Girl- Santa Claus
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Vintage DAM TROLL 1986 - Football Fanatic, Orange Hair, Open Mouth - 4.5" NWT
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NFL Redskin Football Bobblehead TROLL 1992 vintage
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pink Hair Football Troll Doll By hasbro
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vtg Dam football fanatic troll 1986
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Thomas Dam~Football Player Troll Doll~5 1/2"
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New listing Troll Doll 4 1/2" Russ NFL Football Buffalo Bills Red Hair
Troll Doll 12" Russ NFL Football Green Bay Packers Still Has Tags Vintage 90s
VINTAGE RUSS TROLL NY GIANTS FOOTBALL GOOD LUCK TROLL NFL RED HAIR 11351 4" EUC
Boy Troll 1980s Football Player Plush Green
New listing Troll Doll 6" I. T. B. Football Washington Redskins
Vintage DAM TROLL 1986 - Football Fanatic, Lime Green Hair - 4.5" NWT
Vintage DAM TROLL 1986 - Football Fanatic, Purple Hair, Open Mouth - 4.5" NWT
Football Player # 1 Russ 4" Troll Doll - Pink Hair
Vintage Russ Team NFL Washington Redskins Football Troll Doll 5"
FOOTBALL PLAYER - 6" Uneeda Troll Doll - New In Package - VERY RARE
2006 FOOTBALL PLAYER - 5" Dam Troll Doll - NEW IN CONTAINER
Troll Doll Russ Plush Soft Body NFL Team Football Jets
Trolls Lot of 8 Hasbro 1992 Football Ninja Knight Viking Army Terminator SUPER
Russ Trolls Football player Troll #1 on shirt NICE
Vintage Russ Troll Soft Doll Cincinnati Bengals Football NFL 10" 1991
Vintage Russ Team NFL Tampa Bay Buccaneers Football Troll Doll 5"
Retro STEELERS VINTAGE YELLOW TROLL DOLL 10" Football COLLECTIBLE!
1986 DAM TROLL, Purple Hair Football Fanatic
COLTS FOOTBALL TROLLS
New listing Troll Doll 4 1/2" Russ NFL Football St. Louis Cardinals Black Hair

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Wonderous on Pinterest | 106 Pins
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Breathtaking Photos of the Blue Forest in Belgium (Hallerbos Forest south of Brussels Belgium)
If you love discovering extraordinary travel destinations off the beaten path, do we have a place for you. Though this may look like a scene straight out of a fairy-tale, this blue forest is, in fact, real. Just 30 minutes south of Brussels, in Belgium, is a forest called Hallerbos. During the spring, the forest's floor is covered in bluebell flowers which creates a carpet-like effect. Recently, photographer Kilian Schönberger went deep into the woods to capture these incredible shots.
#Belgium.. only a short ride from #Paris #bluebells #ttot #travel #tips #europe #mustsee #forest #nature #beauty #blue
Stunning Views of Iceland Captured by Jerome Berbigier http://www.thisiscolossal.com/2014/08/stunning-views-of-iceland-captured-by-jerome-berbigier/
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Waterfal Collection, Photos, Iceland, Dyke, Dike, Jérôme Berbigi, Science Nature, Nature Beautiful, Beautiful Pictures
Captivating Photos of Iceland from Jérôme Berbigier (pic 9/10)

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Serenade Collection Pack 12"X12"-18 Double-Sided Papers + Sticker Sheet - 14801361 - Overstock.com Shopping - Top Rated Bo Bunny 12 x 12 Scrapbooking Kits
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Patent US4766089 - Method of manufacturing a charge-coupled device - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsA semiconductor device is set forth comprising a number of parallel first electrodes (1) which are located on an insulating layer and are mutually separated by grooves with insulated walls, in which second electrodes (2) coplanar with the first electrodes (1) are provided. According to the invention,...http://www.google.com/patents/US4766089?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US4766089 - Method of manufacturing a charge-coupled deviceAdvanced Patent SearchTry the new Google Patents, with machine-classified Google Scholar results, and Japanese and South Korean patents.Publication numberUS4766089 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 07/131,874Publication dateAug 23, 1988Filing dateDec 11, 1987Priority dateMay 10, 1985Fee statusLapsedAlso published asCA1243132A, CA1243132A1, DE3675811D1, EP0202704A1, EP0202704B1, US4754311Publication number07131874, 131874, US 4766089 A, US 4766089A, US-A-4766089, US4766089 A, US4766089AInventorsGeert J. T. Davids, Anton P. M. Van ArendonkOriginal AssigneeU.S. Philips CorporationExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (7), Referenced by (12), Classifications (20), Legal Events (3) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetMethod of manufacturing a charge-coupled device
US 4766089 AAbstract
A semiconductor device is set forth comprising a number of parallel first electrodes (1) which are located on an insulating layer and are mutually separated by grooves with insulated walls, in which second electrodes (2) coplanar with the first electrodes (1) are provided. According to the invention, the first electrodes (1) are covered by an insulating layer provided with first contact windows (7), which each overlap at least one second electrode (2). The second electrodes (2) are provided with self-aligned second contact windows (8). Each second electrode (2) exhibits between its second contact window (8) and the first contact windows (7) overlapping the second electrode and also between said first contact windows (7), at least one interruption (9).
1. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device comprising a number of first electrodes which consist of practically parallel electrode strips located on an electrically insulating layer and are separated from each other by grooves with insulated walls, these grooves being filled with a conductive material constituting intermediate second electrodes which are coplanar with the first electrodes, characterized in that the first electrodes are covered by a first insulating layer and are contacted via first contact windows which each overlap in part at least one second electrode, and in that the second electrodes are covered by a second insulating layer which is thinner than said first insulating layer and are contacted via second contact windows which are provided therein and are bounded by the insulating layer on the adjoining first electrodes, each second electrode exhibiting at least one interruption between its second contact window and the first contact windows on the adjoining first electrodes overlapping it, and also between these first contact windows, further characterized in that a number of parallel strip-shaped first electrodes separated from each other by grooves are provided on an electrically insulating layer, in that these first electrodes and the groove walls are covered with an insulating layer, in that subsequently a conductive layer is deposited on the whole, which is then etched until parts of this conductive layer are left only within the grooves, these parts forming intermediate second electrodes, in that a number of interruptions are formed in each second electrode by etching and the second electrodes are provided with an insulating layer, which is thinner than the insulating layer on the first electrodes, in that via a mask on each of the second electrodes a self-aligned second contact window is formed by etching away the said thinner insulating layer, and in that via another mask a first contact window overlapping at least one of the adjacent second electrodes is formed on each first electrode by etching away the insulating layer present on the first electrodes, the contact windows being arranged so that each second electrode between every two overlaps and between an overlap and the second contact window exhibits one of said interruptions.
3. A method as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the conductive layer has a thickness of about 0.5 μm, in that the photoresist layer has a thickness of about 1.3 μm, in that the first etching step takes place in a plasma comprising CF4, CHF3, O2 and Ar and in that the second etching step takes place in a CCl4 plasma at a pressure of about 80 Pa and a power of about 550 W.
An insulating layer 3 of, for example, silicon oxide is formed on a p-type conducting silicon substrate 20 having a doping concentration of, for example, 5×1014 atoms/cm3 (this may alternatively be an epitaxial layer grown on a substrate). Outside the active region of the device, this may be a countersunk oxide layer (LOCOS) obtained by selective oxidation. On this layer is deposited a silicon layer having a thickness of about 0.5 μm, which is subdivided by etching in a usual manner into strips (1) at a mutual distance of about 2 μm, which strips are then provided with an oxide layer 6, by thermal oxidation for instance. The walls of the grooves 4 mutually separating the silicon strips 1 are then also covered by an oxide layer 5 (cf. FIG. 6).
The entire structure is now covered (cf. FIG. 7) by a second silicon layer 21, also having a thickness of 0.5 μm. On this layer is provided a photoresist layer 22 having a thickness of about 1.3 μm, which is baked out at about 200° C. in order to obtain a photoresist surface as flat as possible. The dislevelling in the ultimate photoresist surface is then about 40 nm. The silicon layers 1 and 21 will generally be polycrystalline or at any rate will not be monocrystalline.
The photoresist layer 22 is then etched until it has fully disappeared on the silicon strips 1. This may be effected, for example, by plasma-etching in a mixture of CF4, CHF3, O2 and Ar. Thus, the situation shown in FIG. 8 is obtained.
The practically flat overall surface of the silicon layer 21 and of the remaining parts of the photoresist layer 22 is now etched further in a second etching step until ultimately the situation is obtained shown diagrammatically in FIG. 9, only parts 2 of the second silicon layer 21 being left between the insulated silicon strips 1. This second etching step may be carried out, for example, by plasma-etching in a CCl4 plasma at a pressure of about 80 Pa (600 mTorr) at a power of 550 W. Finally, the "second" electrodes 2 thus obtained are provided with a thin oxide layer 23 by a light thermal oxidation (cf. FIG. 10).
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS3931674 *Feb 8, 1974Jan 13, 1976Fairchild Camera And Instrument CorporationSelf aligned CCD element including two levels of electrodes and method of manufacture thereforUS4143178 *Jul 7, 1977Mar 6, 1979Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Ltd.Manufacturing method of semiconductor devicesUS4163239 *Jan 3, 1977Jul 31, 1979Texas Instruments IncorporatedSecond level phase lines for CCD line imagerUS4227202 *Oct 27, 1977Oct 7, 1980Texas Instruments IncorporatedDual plane barrier-type two-phase CCDUS4228445 *Oct 27, 1977Oct 14, 1980Texas Instruments IncorporatedDual plane well-type two-phase ccdUS4574468 *Oct 4, 1984Mar 11, 1986U.S. Philips CorporationMethod of manufacturing a semiconductor device having narrow coplanar silicon electrodesUS4619039 *Oct 4, 1984Oct 28, 1986U.S. Philips CorporationMethod of manufacturing a semiconductor device and device manufactured by the use of the method* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS4824805 *Feb 5, 1988Apr 25, 1989Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki KaishaMethod of manufacturing semiconductor deviceUS5017515 *Oct 2, 1989May 21, 1991Texas Instruments IncorporatedProcess for minimizing lateral distance between elements in an integrated circuit by using sidewall spacersUS5139962 *Feb 11, 1991Aug 18, 1992Oki Electric Industry Co., Ltd.MOS fabrication method with self-aligned gateUS5202282 *Jul 10, 1991Apr 13, 1993Goldstar Electron Co., Ltd.Method for producing a self-alignment type CCD sensorUS5460997 *Jan 23, 1995Oct 24, 1995Eastman Kodak CompanyMethod of making a confined planar charge coupled device with edge aligned implants and interconnected electrodesUS5541133 *Nov 8, 1994Jul 30, 1996U.S. Philips CorporationMethod of manufacturing insulated electrodes in a semiconductor device and semiconductor device manufactured by such a methodUS5607872 *Jun 6, 1995Mar 4, 1997Lg Semicon Co., Ltd.Method of fabricating charge coupled deviceUS5719075 *Nov 13, 1995Feb 17, 1998Eastman Kodak CompanyMethod of making a planar charge coupled device with edge aligned implants and electrodes connected with overlying metalUS5741728 *Aug 13, 1996Apr 21, 1998Lg Semicon Co., Ltd.Method for manufacturing charge-coupled device with polygates having the same resistancesUS6174824Mar 4, 1999Jan 16, 2001International Business Machines CorporationPost-processing a completed semiconductor deviceUS6388337Sep 28, 2000May 14, 2002International Business Machines CorporationPost-processing a completed semiconductor deviceUS20080237652 *May 19, 2005Oct 2, 2008Teiji AzumiMethod of Manufacturing a Solid Image Pick-Up Device and a Solid Image Pick-Up Device* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification438/587, 257/E29.138, 438/144, 257/E21.457, 257/E21.583, 257/E21.507, 257/773International ClassificationH01L21/339, H01L21/768, H01L23/522, H01L29/423, H01L21/60Cooperative ClassificationH01L21/76897, H01L29/66954, H01L21/7684, H01L29/42396European ClassificationH01L21/768S, H01L29/66M6T9B, H01L29/423D3, H01L21/768C2Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionMar 24, 1992REMIMaintenance fee reminder mailedAug 23, 1992LAPSLapse for failure to pay maintenance feesOct 27, 1992FPExpired due to failure to pay maintenance feeEffective date: 19920823RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services


text:
Revision as of 16:14, 8 February 2011 (view source) Pysnaks (talk | contribs) Newer edit →
−Dissenters from orthodoxy who refused to accept alterations of religious rituals and prayers. Civilian registration of birth and marriage by police mandated in 1874 for those who were born into old believer families. One copy made. Kept in the provincial administration (gubernskoye pravleniye). +Dissenters from Orthodoxy who refused to accept alterations of religious rituals and prayers. Civilian registration of birth and marriage by police mandated in 1874 for those who were born into Old Believer families. One copy was made and kept in the provincial administration (gubernskoye pravleniye).
Revision as of 16:14, 8 February 2011

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Best Building Design in Healdsburg, CA | Houzz
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text: Patent US7733554 - Electro-optic displays, and materials and methods for production thereof - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA front plane laminate (see U.S. Pat. No. 6,982,178) is produced by forming a sub-assembly comprising a lamination adhesive layer and an electro-optic layer, forming an aperture through the sub-assembly, and securing a light-transmissive electrode layer to the sub-assembly so that the electrode layer...http://www.google.com/patents/US7733554?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7733554 - Electro-optic displays, and materials and methods for production thereofAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS7733554 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 11/682,409Publication dateJun 8, 2010Filing dateMar 6, 2007Priority dateMar 8, 2006Fee statusPaidAlso published asCN101356467A, CN101356467B, CN101819367A, CN102967980A, DE602007011735D1, EP1991901A2, EP1991901A4, EP1991901B1, EP2309304A2, EP2309304A3, EP2309304B1, EP2437114A1, US20070211331, WO2007104003A2, WO2007104003A3Publication number11682409, 682409, US 7733554 B2, US 7733554B2, US-B2-7733554, US7733554 B2, US7733554B2InventorsGuy M. Danner, Shamus Ford Patry, Harit Doshi, Steven J. O'NeilOriginal AssigneeE Ink CorporationExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (107), Non-Patent Citations (31), Referenced by (5), Classifications (14), Legal Events (2) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetElectro-optic displays, and materials and methods for production thereof


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Display Settings:SummaryFormatSummarySummary (text)MEDLINEPMCID ListApplySend to:Choose DestinationFileClipboardE-mailCollectionsFormatSummary (text)MEDLINEXMLPMCID ListCreate FileSearch: 10.1289/ehp.1003220 FormatSummarySummary (text)MEDLINEPMCID ListE-mailAdditional textE-mail"SPAM" filtering software noticeAdd to ClipboardAdd to Collections
Most Plastic Products Release Estrogenic Chemicals: A Potential Health Problem That Can Be SolvedChun Z. Yang, Stuart I. Yaniger, V. Craig Jordan, Daniel J. Klein, George D. BittnerEnviron Health Perspect. 2011 Jul 1; 119(7): 989–996. Published online 2011 Mar 2. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1003220PMCID: PMC3222987ArticlePubReaderPDF–1.9MCitation
10.1289/ehp.1003220[All Fields]
Turn Off Turn On 10.1289/ehp.1003220 (1)

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M Sci-Fi Fantasy Drama DVDs & Blu-ray Discs | eBay
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Pacific Rim : When legions of monstrous creatures, known as Kaiju, started rising from the sea, a war began that would take millions of lives and consume humanity’s resources for years on end. To combat the giant Kaiju, a special type of weapon was devised: massive robots. called Jaegers, which are controlled simultaneously by two pilots whose minds are locked in a neural bridge.
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Star Trek Enterprise Season 3 Includes for the first time-all 26 episodes on 7 Discs plus over an hour of brand-new exclusive special features When I purchased this DVD it cost me $99.00
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Dreamkeeper ex-rental region 4 DVD (2003 fantasy drama movie) * * VERY RARE * *
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Haven - The Complete First Season (4 DISC DVD) R4 PRE-OWNED
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(Redirected from Keevil Airfield)
Keevil airfield on 4 November 1956. The secondary runways are deteriorating 11 years after the end of World War II; the main runway is still being maintained as an auxiliary runway for the USAF.
Since 1992 it has been home to the Bannerdown Gliding Club, an RAF Gliding and Soaring Association Club, affiliated to RAF Brize Norton since the closure of the nearby RAF station at Lyneham. The airfield is occasionally used as a motorsport circuit for various events. It is also the home of the Warminster and District Radio Control flying club.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RAF_Keevil&oldid=808134283"
This page was last edited on 1 November 2017, at 02:26.

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~*~Paula~*~ - Almaden Hiking Group (San Jose, CA)
http://photos2.meetupstatic.com/photos/member/4/7/7/4/member_61758292.jpeg
http://www.meetup.com/Almaden-Hiking-Group/members/49534142/
Why do you want to join our group? (We get many requests to join and we only approve a limited number of people, your reply will influence admission into the group.)
I used to hike with AHG in 2012 and always enjoyed the trails and members. Were you referred to our group by a hike leader or other member of this group? If yes, what is the name of the person who referred you?
No, but Patty J may remember me the most.
Which city and ZIP code do you currently live in? South San Jose near Santa Teresa foothills.
Are you attempting to join our group for the first time?
after years of putting up with pain I had emergency right shoulder surgery in March 2013 and then emergency left shoulder surgery in August 2014. Do you have an interest in leading future events/hikes?
not a this time, too easy to get turned around and lost on the trails.
544 Saratoga Singles

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West Hills Racquet and Fitness Club - Portland, OR | Groupon
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Groupon has verified that the customer actually visited West Hills Racquet and Fitness Club.


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A holiday to suit all ages - Review of La Confiance, Azay-le-Ferron, France - TripAdvisor
A holiday to suit all ages - La Confiance
We would definitely consider returning and maybe taking the third bedroom, as it would be perfect if a grandparent wanted to come along too.More
Many thanks Sue and Chris
We were delighted with the extremely well appointed gite which is in such a peaceful location. Sue and Chris were so welcoming and perfect hosts. Although we self catered for the rest of our stay we took up the offer of an evening meal when we arrived. Chris cooked us an excellent four course meal.
As keen birdwatchers we loved the close proximity to La Brenne nature reserve which didn't disappoint us at all. We saw a wealth of birds.
Ask 929Birder about La Confiance
Thank 929Birder

value: This website is an American online travel company that operates a website and mobile app with user-generated content and a comparison shopping website.


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2x BaoFeng Walkie Talkie BF-888S 2-Way Radio Long Range UHF 400-470MHZ 16CH Ham 703341742836 | eBay
See more 2x 16ch Long Range Baofeng Bf-888s Walkie Talk...
Details about 2x BaoFeng Walkie Talkie BF-888S 2-Way Radio Long Range UHF 400-470MHZ 16CH Ham
“Baofeng Authorized!!! High quality !!! 1 year warranty !!!”
26 May, 2019 12:05:35 BST
chenyouhuiju.inc (665 )
2x Walkie Talkie Long Range 6 miles Radio 16CH BF-888S UHF 400-470MHZ Earpiece
Zastone ZT-X6 Walkie Talkie Radio + Earpiece UHF400-470MHz 16CH Mini Portable
Baofeng BF-888S UHF 400-470MHz 16CH Walkie Talkie Ham Two-Way Radios transceiver
2PCS Walkie Talkie UHF 400-470MHZ 2-Way Radio 16CH 5W Long Range ILOE
153394172200
Last updated on 21 May, 2019 10:23:43 BST View all revisions
Bundle Listing: Yes Packaging Box: Not Included
Communications Protocol: Analog Desktop Charger: with USB charger
Features: CTCSS, DCS, Push to Talk, Voice Prompt, Flash Light EAN: Does Not Apply
MPN: Does Not Apply Frequency Range: UHF 400-470MHz
by sgsk_22 12 Feb, 2019
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