Ref-Adv: Exploring MLLM Visual Reasoning in Referring Expression Tasks
Referring Expression Comprehension (REC) links language to region level visual perception. Standard benchmarks (RefCOCO, RefCOCO+, RefCOCOg) have progressed rapidly with multimodal LLMs but remain weak tests of visual reasoning and grounding: (i) many expressions are very short, leaving little reasoning demand; (ii) images often contain few distractors, making the target easy to find; and (iii) redundant descriptors enable shortcut solutions that bypass genuine text understanding and visual reasoning. We introduce Ref-Adv, a modern REC benchmark that suppresses shortcuts by pairing linguistically nontrivial expressions with only the information necessary to uniquely identify the target. The dataset contains referring expressions on real images, curated with hard distractors and annotated with reasoning facets including negation. We conduct comprehensive ablations (word order perturbations and descriptor deletion sufficiency) to show that solving Ref-Adv requires reasoning beyond simple cues, and we evaluate a broad suite of contemporary multimodal LLMs on Ref-Adv. Despite strong results on RefCOCO, RefCOCO+, and RefCOCOg, models drop markedly on Ref-Adv, revealing reliance on shortcuts and gaps in visual reasoning and grounding. We provide an in depth failure analysis and aim for Ref-Adv to guide future work on visual reasoning and grounding in MLLMs.
69a50837bc2d66e68888f565
Qihua Dong
69a50837bc2d66e68888f566
Kuo Yang
69a50837bc2d66e68888f567
Lin Ju
69a50837bc2d66e68888f568
Handong Zhao
69a50837bc2d66e68888f569
Yitian Zhang
69a50837bc2d66e68888f56a
Yizhou Wang
69a50837bc2d66e68888f56b
Huimin Zeng
69a50837bc2d66e68888f56c
Jianglin Lu
69a50837bc2d66e68888f56d
Yun Fu
Ref-Adv: Exploring MLLM Visual Reasoning in Referring Expression Tasks
Referring Expression Comprehension (REC) links language to region level visual perception. Standard benchmarks (RefCOCO, RefCOCO+, RefCOCOg) have progressed rapidly with multimodal LLMs but remain weak tests of visual reasoning and grounding: (i) many expressions are very short, leaving little reasoning demand; (ii) images often contain few distractors, making the target easy to find; and (iii) redundant descriptors enable shortcut solutions that bypass genuine text understanding and visual reasoning. We introduce Ref-Adv, a modern REC benchmark that suppresses shortcuts by pairing linguistically nontrivial expressions with only the information necessary to uniquely identify the target. The dataset contains referring expressions on real images, curated with hard distractors and annotated with reasoning facets including negation. We conduct comprehensive ablations (word order perturbations and descriptor deletion sufficiency) to show that solving Ref-Adv requires reasoning beyond simple cues, and we evaluate a broad suite of contemporary multimodal LLMs on Ref-Adv. Despite strong results on RefCOCO, RefCOCO+, and RefCOCOg, models drop markedly on Ref-Adv, revealing reliance on shortcuts and gaps in visual reasoning and grounding. We provide an in depth failure analysis and aim for Ref-Adv to guide future work on visual reasoning and grounding in MLLMs.
Ref-Adv is a challenging benchmark for referring expression comprehension that eliminates shortcut solutions by using complex linguistic expressions with minimal identifying information and hard distractors, revealing limitations in current multimodal LLMs' visual reasoning capabilities.
Ref-Adv referring expression comprehension multimodal LLMs visual reasoning grounding shortcut solutions distractors reasoning facets negation ablations word order perturbations descriptor deletion sufficiency