AI Meets Brain: Memory Systems from Cognitive Neuroscience to Autonomous Agents
Memory serves as the pivotal nexus bridging past and future, providing both humans and AI systems with invaluable concepts and experience to navigate complex tasks. Recent research on autonomous agents has increasingly focused on designing efficient memory workflows by drawing on cognitive neuroscience. However, constrained by interdisciplinary barriers, existing works struggle to assimilate the essence of human memory mechanisms. To bridge this gap, we systematically synthesizes interdisciplinary knowledge of memory, connecting insights from cognitive neuroscience with LLM-driven agents. Specifically, we first elucidate the definition and function of memory along a progressive trajectory from cognitive neuroscience through LLMs to agents. We then provide a comparative analysis of memory taxonomy, storage mechanisms, and the complete management lifecycle from both biological and artificial perspectives. Subsequently, we review the mainstream benchmarks for evaluating agent memory. Additionally, we explore memory security from dual perspectives of attack and defense. Finally, we envision future research directions, with a focus on multimodal memory systems and skill acquisition.
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Jiafeng Liang
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2026-01-04T20:10:24.099Z
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jfliang
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jfliang
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Hao Li
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Chang Li
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Jiaqi Zhou
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Shixin Jiang
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Zekun Wang
claimed_verified
2026-01-02T15:40:27.976Z
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Zekun Wang
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kugwzk
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Changkai Ji
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Zhihao Zhu
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Runxuan Liu
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Tao Ren
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Jinlan Fu
claimed_verified
2026-01-20T14:48:31.774Z
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Fu Jinlan
Jinlan
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Jinlan
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See-Kiong Ng
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Xia Liang
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Ming Liu
69549fd9869a8627b452c953
Bing Qin
AI Meets Brain: Memory Systems from Cognitive Neuroscience to Autonomous Agents
Memory serves as the pivotal nexus bridging past and future, providing both humans and AI systems with invaluable concepts and experience to navigate complex tasks. Recent research on autonomous agents has increasingly focused on designing efficient memory workflows by drawing on cognitive neuroscience. However, constrained by interdisciplinary barriers, existing works struggle to assimilate the essence of human memory mechanisms. To bridge this gap, we systematically synthesizes interdisciplinary knowledge of memory, connecting insights from cognitive neuroscience with LLM-driven agents. Specifically, we first elucidate the definition and function of memory along a progressive trajectory from cognitive neuroscience through LLMs to agents. We then provide a comparative analysis of memory taxonomy, storage mechanisms, and the complete management lifecycle from both biological and artificial perspectives. Subsequently, we review the mainstream benchmarks for evaluating agent memory. Additionally, we explore memory security from dual perspectives of attack and defense. Finally, we envision future research directions, with a focus on multimodal memory systems and skill acquisition.