Instruct: Given a legal statement, retrieve articles that support it
Query: 
In cases where B, C and D bears a joint and several obligation of 3 million yen to A and where each of them have the equally proportionate obligations; even if A requests for performance to B, the prescription shall not be nullified with respect to C and D, who do not know that fact.


Article 441
Except in cases prescribed in Articles 438, Article 439, paragraph (1), and the preceding Article, any circumstances which have arisen with respect to one of the joint and several obligors is not effective in relation to other joint and several obligors;provided, however, that if the obligee and one of the other joint and several obligors manifest a different intention, their intention prevails with respect to the effect in relation to the remaining other joint and several obligees..


Article 438 If novation takes place between one of the joint and several obligors and the obligee, the claim is extinguished for the benefit of all joint and several obligors.
Article 439 (1) If one of the joint and several obligors has a claim against the obligee and invokes a set-off, the claim is extinguished for the benefit of all joint and several obligors.
(2) Until the joint and several obligor that has the claim referred to in the preceding paragraph invokes a set-off, other joint and several obligors may refuse to perform the obligation to the obligee only to the extent of that joint and several obligor's share of the obligation.
Article 440 If there is a merger between one of the joint and several obligors and the obligee, the joint and several obligor is deemed to have performed the obligation.
Article 441 Except in cases prescribed in Articles 438, Article 439, paragraph (1), and the preceding Article, any circumstances which have arisen with respect to one of the joint and several obligors is not effective in relation to other joint and several obligors; provided, however, that if the obligee and one of the other joint and several obligors manifest a different intention, their intention prevails with respect to the effect in relation to the remaining other joint and several obligees.


Article 166
(1) A claim is extinguished by prescription in the following cases:
(i) if the obligee does not exercise the right within five years from the time when the obligee came to know that it was exercisable; or
(ii) if the obligee does not exercise the right within 10 years from the time when it became exercisable.
(2) A claim or property right other than ownership is extinguished by prescription if not exercised within 20 years from the time when the right became exercisable.
(3) The provisions of the preceding two paragraphs do not preclude the commencement of acquisitive prescription for the benefit of a third party that possesses the subject matter of a right with a time of commencement or a right subject to a condition precedent, at the time of commencing the possession;provided, however, that the holder of the right may demand acknowledgment from the possessor at any time to renew the prescription period.
Article 412
(1) If a fixed due date is assigned to the performance of an obligation, the obligor is liable for delay from the time that due date arrives.
(2) If an uncertain due date is assigned to the performance of an obligation, the obligor is liable for delay from the time when the obligor receives the request for performance after the due date arrives or the time when the obligor becomes aware of the arrival of that due date, whichever comes earlier.
(3) If no time limit is assigned to the performance of an obligation, the obligor is liable for delay from the time the obligor receives the request for performance..


Article 428
The provisions of the following Subsection (Joint and Several Claims) (excluding the provisions of Articles 433 and 435) apply mutatis mutandis if the subject matter of a claim is indivisible by nature and the claim is held by two or more obligees..


Article 438
If novation takes place between one of the joint and several obligors and the obligee, the claim is extinguished for the benefit of all joint and several obligors..


Article 334
If there is conflict between a statutory lien and a pledge on movables, the pledgee of those movables has the same rights as those of the holder of a statutory lien of the first rank under Article 330.
Article 330
(1) If there are competing special statutory liens against the same movables, the order of priority follows the order set forth below.In this case, if there are two or more preservers with respect to the statutory liens for preservation of movables set forth in item (ii), a new preserver has priority over previous preservers:
(i) statutory liens for leases of immovables, lodging at hotels and transportation;
(ii) statutory liens for the preservation of movables; and
(iii) statutory liens for the sale of movables, the supply of seeds and seedlings or fertilizer, agricultural labor and industrial labor.
(2) In the cases referred to in the preceding paragraph, if a holder of a statutory lien ranked first knew at the time of acquiring the relevant claim of the existence of a holder of a statutory lien of the second or third rank, that holder may not exercise the relevant rights of priority against those persons. The same applies to the exercise against persons that have preserved things on behalf of the holder of a statutory lien of the first rank.
(3) Regarding fruits, the first rank belongs to persons who engage in agricultural labor, the second rank belongs to persons that supply seeds and seedlings or fertilizer, and the third rank belongs to lessors of land..


Article 101
(1) If the validity of a manifestation of intention that an agent has made to the other party is to be influenced by the absence of intention; by mistake, fraud, or duress; or by the knowledge of or negligence in not knowing of a particular circumstance; whether or not any such fact was present is decided as it concerns the agent.
(2) If the validity of a manifestation of intention that the other party has made to the agent is to be influenced by the recipient's knowledge of or negligence in not knowing of a particular circumstance, whether or not any such fact was present is decided as it concerns the agent.
(3) If an agent who has been entrusted with performing a specific juridical act performs that act, the principal may not assert that the agent did not know of any particular circumstance of which the principal knew. The same applies to any circumstance of which the principal did not know due to the principal's own negligence.
Article 96
(1) A manifestation of intention based on fraud or duress is voidable.
(2) If a third party commits a fraud inducing a first party to make a manifestation of intention to a second party, that manifestation of intention is voidable only if the second party knew or could have known that fact.
(3) The rescission of a manifestation of intention induced by fraud under the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs may not be duly asserted against a third party in good faith acting without negligence..


Article 101
(1) If the validity of a manifestation of intention that an agent has made to the other party is to be influenced by the absence of intention; by mistake, fraud, or duress; or by the knowledge of or negligence in not knowing of a particular circumstance; whether or not any such fact was present is decided as it concerns the agent.
(2) If the validity of a manifestation of intention that the other party has made to the agent is to be influenced by the recipient's knowledge of or negligence in not knowing of a particular circumstance, whether or not any such fact was present is decided as it concerns the agent.
(3) If an agent who has been entrusted with performing a specific juridical act performs that act, the principal may not assert that the agent did not know of any particular circumstance of which the principal knew. The same applies to any circumstance of which the principal did not know due to the principal's own negligence.
Article 99
(1) A manifestation of intention that an agent makes indicating that they will be making a manifestation of intention on behalf of the principal within the scope of the agent's authority binds the principal directly.
(2) The provisions of the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis to a manifestation of intention that a third party makes to an agent.
Article 96
(1) A manifestation of intention based on fraud or duress is voidable.
(2) If a third party commits a fraud inducing a first party to make a manifestation of intention to a second party, that manifestation of intention is voidable only if the second party knew or could have known that fact.
(3) The rescission of a manifestation of intention induced by fraud under the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs may not be duly asserted against a third party in good faith acting without negligence..


Article 336
General statutory liens may be duly asserted against obligees without special security, even if the liens are not registered with respect to the relevant immovables;provided, however, that this does not apply to registered third parties..


Article 403
If the amount of the claim is designated in the currency of a foreign state, the obligor may make the payment in Japanese currency converted with the foreign exchange rate at the place of the performance..


Article 152
(1) If a right is acknowledged, a new period of prescription commences to run at the time of the acknowledgment.
(2) With respect to the disposition of the right of the other party, an acknowledgment referred to in the preceding paragraph does not require unlimited capacity to act or authority..


Article 169
(1) The period of prescription of a right determined by a final and binding judgment or anything that has the same effect as a final and binding judgment is 10 years even if a period of prescription shorter than 10 years is provided for.
(2) The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply to a claim which is not yet due and payable at the time when it is determined..


Article 292
If dominant land is co-owned by more than one person, and expiry of prescription period is postponed or prescription period is renewed in favor of one co-owner, the postponement of expiry of prescription period or the renewal of prescription period is also effective for the benefit of other co-owners..


Article 101
(1) If the validity of a manifestation of intention that an agent has made to the other party is to be influenced by the absence of intention; by mistake, fraud, or duress; or by the knowledge of or negligence in not knowing of a particular circumstance; whether or not any such fact was present is decided as it concerns the agent.
(2) If the validity of a manifestation of intention that the other party has made to the agent is to be influenced by the recipient's knowledge of or negligence in not knowing of a particular circumstance, whether or not any such fact was present is decided as it concerns the agent.
(3) If an agent who has been entrusted with performing a specific juridical act performs that act, the principal may not assert that the agent did not know of any particular circumstance of which the principal knew. The same applies to any circumstance of which the principal did not know due to the principal's own negligence..


Article 533
A party to a bilateral contract may refuse to perform that party's own obligation until the other party tenders the performance of that other party's obligation (including the performance of an obligation to compensate for loss or damage in lieu of the performance of an obligation);provided, however, that this does not apply if the obligation of the other party is not yet due.
Article 575
(1) If the subject matter of a sale which has not yet been delivered bears fruits, the fruits vest in the seller.
(2) The buyer bears the obligation to pay interest on the price beginning from the day of delivery;provided, however, that if a due date is provided for the payment of the price, it is not necessary to pay the interest until that due date arrives..


Article 706 If an obligor has paid money or delivered anything as performance of an obligation that has not yet fallen due, the obligor may not demand the return of the money paid or thing delivered; provided, however, that if the obligor tendered anything by mistake, the obligee must return the benefit gained as a result.


Article 494
(1) In the following cases, a performer may deposit the subject matter of the performance with an official depository for the benefit of the obligee. In such a case, the claim is extinguished when the performer makes the deposit:
(i) the performer tenders the performance, and the obligee refuses to accept it; or
(ii) the obligee is unable to accept the performance.
(2) The preceding paragraph also applies if the performer is unable to ascertain the obligee;provided, however, that this does not apply if the performer is negligent in this respect..


Article 455
If after the guarantor makes a request or gives proof pursuant to the provisions of Article 452
or Article 453, the obligee fails to demand or to levy execution and becomes unable to obtain full performance from the principal obligor as a result of that, the guarantor is released from the obligation to the extent that the obligee would have received payment if the obligee had immediately demanded or levied execution..


Article 477
Performance made by making payment into the obligee's account for deposits becomes effective when the obligee acquires a right to demand the refund of the amount paid, against the obligor of the claim to be paid from deposits.
Article 475
If a person effecting performance has delivered a thing owned by another person in performance of the obligation, the person so effecting performance may not recover that thing without effecting valid performance de novo..


Article 498
(1) If the property that is the subject matter of performance or the proceeds referred to in the preceding Article are deposited, the obligee may demand the return of the deposited thing.
(2) If the obligor is to effect performance in exchange for payment or delivery by the obligee, the obligee may not receive deposited thing without making that payment or delivery..


Article 429
Even if there is a novation or release between one of the obligees of an indivisible claim and the obligor, other obligees may request the obligor to perform the obligation in whole. In such a case, the benefit which should have been allocated to that one obligee if that obligee did not lose the relevant right must be reimbursed to the obligor..


Article 474
(1) A third party may also perform an obligation.
(2) A third party that has no legitimate interest in performing an obligation may not perform the obligation against the will of the obligor;provided, however, that this does not apply if the obligee did not know that the performance is against the will of the obligor.
(3) The third party prescribed in the preceding paragraph may not perform the obligation against the will of the obligee;provided, however, that this does not apply if the third party performs the obligation as requested by the obligor, and the obligee knew this.
(4) The provisions of the preceding three paragraphs do not apply if the nature of an obligation does not permit the performance by a third party or if a party manifests the intention to prohibit or restrict the performance by a third party..


Article 533
A party to a bilateral contract may refuse to perform that party's own obligation until the other party tenders the performance of that other party's obligation (including the performance of an obligation to compensate for loss or damage in lieu of the performance of an obligation);provided, however, that this does not apply if the obligation of the other party is not yet due..


Article 153 (1) The postponement of the expiry of prescription period or the renewal of prescription period under the provisions of Article 147 or Article 148 is effective only between the parties with respect to whom grounds to postpone the expiry of prescription period or to renew prescription period have arisen and their successors.
(2) The postponement of expiry of prescription period under the provisions of Articles 149 through 151 is effective only between the parties with respect to whom grounds to postpone the expiry of prescription period have arisen and their successors.


Article 494
(1) In the following cases, a performer may deposit the subject matter of the performance with an official depository for the benefit of the obligee. In such a case, the claim is extinguished when the performer makes the deposit:
(i) the performer tenders the performance, and the obligee refuses to accept it; or
(ii) the obligee is unable to accept the performance.
(2) The preceding paragraph also applies if the performer is unable to ascertain the obligee;provided, however, that this does not apply if the performer is negligent in this respect..
