Instruct: Given a statement, retrieve articles that support it
Query: 
A holder of general statutory liens shall have the rights to have his/her own claim satisfied prior to other obligees who has the registration of statutory liens for sales of immovable properties even if the liens are not registered with respect to the relevant immovable property.


Article 336
General statutory liens may be duly asserted against obligees without special security, even if the liens are not registered with respect to the relevant immovables;provided, however, that this does not apply to registered third parties..


Article 337
In order to preserve the effectiveness of statutory liens for preservation of immovables, registration must be carried out immediately after the completion of the act of preservation..


Article 329
(1) If there are competing general statutory liens, the order of priority follows the order set forth in each item of Article 306.
(2) Ife there are competing a general statutory lien and a special statutory lien, the special statutory lien has priority over the general statutory lien;provided, however, that statutory liens on expenses for the common benefit have priority being effective against all obligees who benefit from the same..


Article 321
Statutory liens for the sale of movables exist against movables, in connection with the price of those movables and interest on the same.
Article 304
(1) A statutory lien may also be exercised against things including monies that the obligor is to receive as a result of the sale, lease or loss of, or damage to, the subject matter of the statutory lien;provided, however, that the holder of the statutory lien must attach the same before the payment or delivery of the monies or other thing.
(2) The provisions of the preceding paragraph also apply to the consideration for real rights created by the obligor on the subject matter of the statutory lien..


Article 295
(1) If a possessor of a thing belonging to another person has a claim that has arisen in relation to that thing, that possessor may retain that thing until that claim is satisfied;provided, however, that this does not apply if the relevant claim has not yet fallen due.
(2) The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply if possession commenced by means of a tortious act.
Article 303
The holder of a statutory lien has the rights to have that holder's own claim satisfied prior to other obligees out of the assets of the relevant obligor in accordance with the provisions of laws including this Act..


Article 358
The pledgee of immovables may not demand interest on the relevant claim.
Article 359
The provisions of the preceding three Articles do not apply if the acts establishing pledges provide otherwise or execution against earnings from the immovable collateral (referring to the execution against earnings from immovable collateral provided for in Article 180, item (ii) of the Civil Execution Act; the same applies hereinafter) has been commenced..


Article 179
(1) If ownership and another real right on the same thing are acquired by the same person, the other real right is extinguished;provided, however, that this does not apply if that thing or the other real right is the object of the right of a third party.
(2) If a real right other than ownership and another right for which that real right is the object are acquired by the same person, the other right is extinguished.In this case, the provisions of the proviso to the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis.
(3) The provisions of the preceding two paragraphs do not apply to possessory rights..


Article 192
A person that commences the possession of movables peacefully and openly by a transactional act acquires the rights that are exercised with respect to the movables immediately if the person possesses it in good faith and without negligence..


Article 176
The creation and transfer of a real right becomes effective solely by the manifestations of intention of the parties.
Article 177
Acquisitions of, losses of and changes in real rights on immovables may not be duly asserted against any third parties, unless the same are registered pursuant to the applicable provisions of the Real Property Registration Act (Act No. 123 of 2004) and other laws regarding registration..


Article 196
(1) If a possessor returns a thing in the possession thereof, the possessor may have the person recovering the thing reimburse the possessor for the costs the possessor has paid for its preservation and other necessary expenses;provided, however, that if the possessor has acquired fruits, ordinary and necessary expenses are borne by the possessor.
(2) With respect to the costs paid for by a possessor to improve the thing in the possession thereof and other beneficial expenses, the possessor may have the person recovering the thing reimburse the possessor for either the costs the possessor has paid or the amount of the increased value, whichever the person recovering the thing chooses, but only if there is a current increase in value;provided, however, that with regard to a possessor in bad faith, the court may, at the request of the person recovering the thing, grant a reasonable period of time for the same.
Article 391
If a third party acquirer of a mortgaged immovables has incurred necessary or beneficial expenses with respect to the mortgaged immovables, that third party may obtain reimbursement of the same out of the proceeds of the mortgaged immovables prior to other obligees, in accordance with the distinctions in Article 196..


Article 302
A right of retention is extinguished if the holder of the right of retention loses possession of the thing retained;provided, however, that this does not apply if the thing retained is leased or it is made the subject of a pledge pursuant to the provisions of Article 298, paragraph (2).
Article 298
(1) The holder of a right of retention must possess the thing retained with the due care of a prudent manager.
(2) The holder of the right of retention may not use, lease or provide as a security the thing retained unless that holder obtains the consent of the obligor;provided, however, that this does not apply to uses necessary for the preservation of that thing.
(3) If the holder of a right of retention violates the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs, the obligor may demand that the right of retention be terminated..


Article 593
A loan for use becomes effective if one of the parties promises to deliver a certain thing, and the other party promises to return the thing when the contract is terminated after the other party gratuitously uses and makes profit of the borrowed thing.
Article 400
If the subject matter of a claim is the delivery of a specific thing, the obligor must retain the thing with the due care of a prudent manager, which is determined in light of the contract or other sources of claims and the common sense in the transaction, until the delivery..


Article 362
(1) A pledge may have a property right for its subject matter.
(2) Beyond what is provided for in this Section, the provisions of the preceding three Sections (General Provisions, Pledges on Movables and Pledges of Immovables) apply mutatis mutandis to pledges referred to in the preceding paragraph, provided that it is not inconsistent with the nature of the same..


Article 509 The obligor of either of the following obligations may not duly assert a set-off against the obligee; provided, however, that this does not apply if the obligee acquires a claim corresponding to the relevant obligation from another person:
(i) an obligation for compensation for loss or damage based on a tort committed in bad faith; or
(ii) an obligation for compensation for loss or damage for death or injury to person (excluding the one set forth in the preceding item).


Article 369
(1) A mortgagee has the right to have the mortgagee's claim satisfied prior to other obligees out of the immovables that the obligor or a third party provided to secure the obligation without transferring possession.
(2) Superficies and farming rights may be the subject matter of a mortgage.In this case, the provisions of this Chapter apply mutatis mutandis..


Article 332
If there are two or more holders of statutory liens with the same priority with respect to the same object, the holders of statutory liens are paid in proportion to the amounts of their claims..


Article 387
(1) A registered lease may be duly asserted against mortgagees that hold mortgages registered prior to the registration of that lease if all mortgagees that hold those mortgages give their consent and those consents are registered.
(2) For a mortgagee to give the consent referred to in the preceding paragraph, the approval of the persons that hold rights for which the mortgage is the subject matter and other persons that will suffer detriment as a result of the consent of the mortgagee must be obtained..


Article 295
(1) If a possessor of a thing belonging to another person has a claim that has arisen in relation to that thing, that possessor may retain that thing until that claim is satisfied;provided, however, that this does not apply if the relevant claim has not yet fallen due.
(2) The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply if possession commenced by means of a tortious act..


Article 434
If the obligor has a claim against one of the joint and several obligees, and the obligor invokes a set-off, the set-off becomes effective against other joint and several obligees as well..


Article 333
Statutory liens may not be exercised against the movables that are the subject matter of the same after the obligors have delivered those movables to third party acquirers..


Article 398-7
(1) A person that acquires a claim from a revolving mortgagee before the principal is crystallized may not exercise the revolving mortgage with respect to that claim. The same applies to a person that made payment for or on behalf of an obligor before the principal was crystallized.
(2) If an obligation is assumed before the principal is crystallized, the revolving mortgagee may not exercise the revolving mortgage with respect to the obligation of the person that assumes the obligation.
(3) If the assumption of obligation releasing an old obligor is effected before the principal is crystallized, the obligee may not transfer the revolving mortgage to the obligation assumed by the new obligor, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 472-4, paragraph (1).
(4) If any novation due to the substitution of the obligee is effected before the principal is crystallized, the obligee before the novation may not transfer the revolving mortgage to the obligations after the novation, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 518, paragraph (1). The same applies to the obligee in the case of novation due to the substitution of the obligor before the principal is crystallized..


Article 330
(1) If there are competing special statutory liens against the same movables, the order of priority follows the order set forth below.In this case, if there are two or more preservers with respect to the statutory liens for preservation of movables set forth in item (ii), a new preserver has priority over previous preservers:
(i) statutory liens for leases of immovables, lodging at hotels and transportation;
(ii) statutory liens for the preservation of movables; and
(iii) statutory liens for the sale of movables, the supply of seeds and seedlings or fertilizer, agricultural labor and industrial labor.
(2) In the cases referred to in the preceding paragraph, if a holder of a statutory lien ranked first knew at the time of acquiring the relevant claim of the existence of a holder of a statutory lien of the second or third rank, that holder may not exercise the relevant rights of priority against those persons. The same applies to the exercise against persons that have preserved things on behalf of the holder of a statutory lien of the first rank.
(3) Regarding fruits, the first rank belongs to persons who engage in agricultural labor, the second rank belongs to persons that supply seeds and seedlings or fertilizer, and the third rank belongs to lessors of land..


Article 295
(1) If a possessor of a thing belonging to another person has a claim that has arisen in relation to that thing, that possessor may retain that thing until that claim is satisfied;provided, however, that this does not apply if the relevant claim has not yet fallen due.
(2) The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply if possession commenced by means of a tortious act..


Article 192 A person that commences the possession of movables peacefully and openly by a transactional act acquires the rights that are exercised with respect to the movables immediately if the person possesses it in good faith and without negligence.


Article 397
If a person that is neither an obligor nor a mortgagor has possessed the mortgaged immovables in complete conformity with the requirements for acquisitive prescription, the mortgage is extinguished thereby.
Article 162
(1) A person that possesses the property of another for 20 years peacefully and openly with the intention to own it acquires ownership thereof.
(2) A person that possesses the property of another for 10 years peacefully and openly with an intention to own it acquires ownership thereof if the person was acting in good faith and was not negligent at the time when the possession started..
