Instruct: Given a statement, retrieve legal articles that support it.
Query: 
If the parties do not define the time of return, a borrower may terminate a money loan for consumption without charging any interest by returning the borrowed money at any time.


Article 591
(1) If the parties do not define the time for return of borrowed things, the lender may demand their return, specifying a reasonable period of time.
(2) The borrower may return the borrowed thing at any time, irrespective of whether the parties have defined the time of return of the thing.
(3) If the parties defined the time of return of the borrowed thing, and the lender sustains any damage because the borrower returns the thing prior to the time of return, the lender may claim compensation therefor from the borrower..


Article 587
A loan for consumption becomes effective when a first party receives money or any other thing from a second party, having promised to return a thing of the same type, quality, and quantity.
Article 588
If any person has an obligation to pay money or deliver other thing under any arrangement, and the parties agree to regard such thing as the subject matter of a loan for consumption, it is deemed that this establishes a loan for consumption..


Article 617
(1) If the parties do not specify the term of a lease, either party may give a notice of termination at any time. In such cases, a lease as set forth in one of the following items terminates when the term prescribed in that item has passed after the day of the notice of termination:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(2) With respect to leases of land with harvest seasons, the notice of termination must be given after the end of that season and before the next start of cultivation.
Article 591
(1) If the parties do not define the time for return of borrowed things, the lender may demand their return, specifying a reasonable period of time.
(2) The borrower may return the borrowed thing at any time, irrespective of whether the parties have defined the time of return of the thing.
(3) If the parties defined the time of return of the borrowed thing, and the lender sustains any damage because the borrower returns the thing prior to the time of return, the lender may claim compensation therefor from the borrower..


Article 589
(1) In the absence of any special agreement, the lender may not demand interest from the borrower.
(2) If there is any special agreement referred to in the preceding paragraph, the lender may demand from the borrower interest that accrues from the day on which the borrower receives the thing such as money..


Article 588
If any person has an obligation to pay money or deliver other thing under any arrangement, and the parties agree to regard such thing as the subject matter of a loan for consumption, it is deemed that this establishes a loan for consumption..


Article 547
If no period of time is specified for the exercise of the right to cancel, the other party may issue a notice of demand to the holder of the right to cancel, specifying a reasonable period of time, to the effect that the holder of the right to cancel is to give a definite answer as to whether the holder will cancel or not within that period of time.In this case, if no notice of cancellation is received within that period, the right to cancel is extinguished..


Article 598
(1) In the case prescribed in paragraph (2) of the preceding Article, upon the passage of a period that is sufficient for the borrower to use and make profit from the borrowed thing in line with the purpose referred to in that paragraph, the lender may cancel the contract.
(2) If the parties do not specify a period of a loan for use or a purpose of using and making profit from the borrowed thing, the lender may cancel the contract at any time.
(3) The borrower may cancel the contract at any time..


Article 494
(1) In the following cases, a performer may deposit the subject matter of the performance with an official depository for the benefit of the obligee. In such a case, the claim is extinguished when the performer makes the deposit:
(i) the performer tenders the performance, and the obligee refuses to accept it; or
(ii) the obligee is unable to accept the performance.
(2) The preceding paragraph also applies if the performer is unable to ascertain the obligee;provided, however, that this does not apply if the performer is negligent in this respect.
Article 474
(1) A third party may also perform an obligation.
(2) A third party that has no legitimate interest in performing an obligation may not perform the obligation against the will of the obligor;provided, however, that this does not apply if the obligee did not know that the performance is against the will of the obligor.
(3) The third party prescribed in the preceding paragraph may not perform the obligation against the will of the obligee;provided, however, that this does not apply if the third party performs the obligation as requested by the obligor, and the obligee knew this.
(4) The provisions of the preceding three paragraphs do not apply if the nature of an obligation does not permit the performance by a third party or if a party manifests the intention to prohibit or restrict the performance by a third party..


Article 597
(1) If the parties specify a period of a loan for use, the loan for use is terminated upon the expiration of the period.
(2) If the parties do not specify a period of a loan for use, but they specify the purpose of using and making profit from the borrowed thing, the loan for use is terminated when the borrower finishes using and making profit from the thing in line with the purpose.
(3) A loan for use is terminated upon the death of the borrower..


Article 514
(1) A novation by substitution of obligor may be effected by a contract concluded between the obligee and a person that becomes the obligor after the novation. In such a case, the novation becomes effective when the obligee notifies the obligor prior to the novation of the conclusion of the contract.
(2) The obligor after the novation by substitution of obligor does not acquire a right to reimbursement from the obligor prior to the novation..


Article 706 If an obligor has paid money or delivered anything as performance of an obligation that has not yet fallen due, the obligor may not demand the return of the money paid or thing delivered; provided, however, that if the obligor tendered anything by mistake, the obligee must return the benefit gained as a result.


Article 462
(1) The provisions of Article 459-2, paragraph (1) apply mutatis mutandis if a person, that has given guarantee without the request of the principal obligor, performs an act for extinguishment of obligation.
(2) A person that has become a guarantor against the will of the principal obligor has the right to reimbursement only to the extent currently enriched.In this case, if the principal obligor asserts to have grounds for set-off against the obligee prior to the day of the demand for reimbursement, the guarantor may demand that the obligee perform the obligation which would have been extinguished by that set-off.
(3) The provisions of Article 459-2, paragraph (3) apply mutatis mutandis to the exercise of the right to reimbursement if the guarantor referred to in the preceding two paragraphs performs an act for extinguishment of obligation before the due date of the principal obligation..


Article 675
(1) A creditor of a partnership may exercise the rights of the creditor against the partnership property.
(2) A creditor of a partnership may, at the choice of the creditor, exercise the rights of the creditor against each partner in proportion to their shares of loss or in equal proportions;provided, however, that if a creditor of a partnership knew the proportion of each partner's share of loss at the time of occurrence of the claim, the exercise of the creditor's rights is based on those proportions..


Article 519
If an obligee manifests the intention to release an obligor from an obligation to that obligor, the obligee's claim is extinguished.
Article 705
A person that has paid money or delivered anything as performance of an obligation may not demand the return of the money paid or thing delivered if the person knew, at the time, that the obligation did not exist..


Article 545
(1) If one of the parties exercises the right to cancel, each party assumes an obligation to restore the other party to that other party's original state;provided, however, that this may not prejudice the rights of a third party.
(2) In the case referred to in the main clause of the preceding paragraph, if any monies are to be refunded, interest must accrue from the time of the receipt of those monies.
(3) In the case referred to in the main clause of paragraph (1), if a thing other than money is to be returned, fruits that have accrued on or after the time of the receipt of the thing must also be returned.
(4) The exercise of the right to cancel does not preclude claims for compensation for loss or damage..


Article 597
(1) If the parties specify a period of a loan for use, the loan for use is terminated upon the expiration of the period.
(2) If the parties do not specify a period of a loan for use, but they specify the purpose of using and making profit from the borrowed thing, the loan for use is terminated when the borrower finishes using and making profit from the thing in line with the purpose.
(3) A loan for use is terminated upon the death of the borrower..


Article 196
(1) If a possessor returns a thing in the possession thereof, the possessor may have the person recovering the thing reimburse the possessor for the costs the possessor has paid for its preservation and other necessary expenses;provided, however, that if the possessor has acquired fruits, ordinary and necessary expenses are borne by the possessor.
(2) With respect to the costs paid for by a possessor to improve the thing in the possession thereof and other beneficial expenses, the possessor may have the person recovering the thing reimburse the possessor for either the costs the possessor has paid or the amount of the increased value, whichever the person recovering the thing chooses, but only if there is a current increase in value;provided, however, that with regard to a possessor in bad faith, the court may, at the request of the person recovering the thing, grant a reasonable period of time for the same.
Article 583
(1) A seller may not effect redemption unless the seller provides the price and the costs of the contract within the period provided for in Article 580.
(2) If a buyer or subsequent acquirer incurs expenses with respect to immovables, the seller must reimburse those expenses in accordance with the provisions of Article 196;provided, however, that with respect to beneficial expenses, the court may, at the seller's request, grant a reasonable period of time for the reimbursement.
Article 595
(1) The borrower bears the ordinarily necessary expenses of borrowed thing.
(2) The provisions of Article 583, paragraph (2) apply mutatis mutandis to costs other than the ordinarily necessary expenses referred to in the preceding paragraph..


Article 398-21
(1) After the principal is crystallized, the mortgagor of the revolving mortgage may request a reduction in the maximum amount of that revolving mortgage, to the amount of the obligations actually in existence plus the amount of the periodic payments including interest and the amount of compensation for loss or damage due to default in obligations that will arise in the following two years.
(2) As to the reduction in the maximum amount of a revolving mortgage registered pursuant to Article 398-16, it suffices to make the request referred to in the preceding paragraph with respect to one of those immovable properties..


Article 196
(1) If a possessor returns a thing in the possession thereof, the possessor may have the person recovering the thing reimburse the possessor for the costs the possessor has paid for its preservation and other necessary expenses;provided, however, that if the possessor has acquired fruits, ordinary and necessary expenses are borne by the possessor.
(2) With respect to the costs paid for by a possessor to improve the thing in the possession thereof and other beneficial expenses, the possessor may have the person recovering the thing reimburse the possessor for either the costs the possessor has paid or the amount of the increased value, whichever the person recovering the thing chooses, but only if there is a current increase in value;provided, however, that with regard to a possessor in bad faith, the court may, at the request of the person recovering the thing, grant a reasonable period of time for the same..


Article 405
If the payment of interest corresponding to one year or more is delayed, and if the obligor does not pay that interest notwithstanding the demand by the obligee, the obligee may incorporate that interest into the principal..


Article 599
(1) If the borrower attaches anything to the borrowed thing after receiving it, the borrower has an obligation to remove the attached thing when the loan for use is terminated;provided, however, that this does not apply to anything that is unable to be detached from the borrowed thing or that requires excessive expenses for the detachment.
(2) The borrower may remove anything that the borrower has attached to the borrowed thing after receiving it.
(3) If any damage is caused to the borrowed thing after the borrower receives it, the borrower has an obligation to restore the damaged thing when the loan for use is terminated;provided, however, that this does not apply if the damage is caused due to any grounds not attributable to the borrower.
Article 616
The provisions of Article 594, paragraph (1) apply mutatis mutandis to leases..


Article 597
(1) If the parties specify a period of a loan for use, the loan for use is terminated upon the expiration of the period.
(2) If the parties do not specify a period of a loan for use, but they specify the purpose of using and making profit from the borrowed thing, the loan for use is terminated when the borrower finishes using and making profit from the thing in line with the purpose.
(3) A loan for use is terminated upon the death of the borrower..


Article 593
A loan for use becomes effective if one of the parties promises to deliver a certain thing, and the other party promises to return the thing when the contract is terminated after the other party gratuitously uses and makes profit of the borrowed thing..


Article 369
(1) A mortgagee has the right to have the mortgagee's claim satisfied prior to other obligees out of the immovables that the obligor or a third party provided to secure the obligation without transferring possession.
(2) Superficies and farming rights may be the subject matter of a mortgage.In this case, the provisions of this Chapter apply mutatis mutandis..


Article 196
(1) If a possessor returns a thing in the possession thereof, the possessor may have the person recovering the thing reimburse the possessor for the costs the possessor has paid for its preservation and other necessary expenses;provided, however, that if the possessor has acquired fruits, ordinary and necessary expenses are borne by the possessor.
(2) With respect to the costs paid for by a possessor to improve the thing in the possession thereof and other beneficial expenses, the possessor may have the person recovering the thing reimburse the possessor for either the costs the possessor has paid or the amount of the increased value, whichever the person recovering the thing chooses, but only if there is a current increase in value;provided, however, that with regard to a possessor in bad faith, the court may, at the request of the person recovering the thing, grant a reasonable period of time for the same..
