Instruct: Given a statement, retrieve legal articles that support it
Query: 
The employer is released from his/her liability in cases when proof is provided that the employer made proper care regarding the appointment and supervision of the employee.


Article 715
(1) A person that employs another person for a business undertaking is liable to compensate for damage inflicted on a third party by that person's employees with respect to the execution of that business;provided, however, that this does not apply if the employer exercised reasonable care in appointing the employee or in supervising the business, or if the damage could not have been avoided even if the employer had exercised reasonable care.
(2) A person that supervises a business on behalf of the employer also has the liability referred to in the preceding paragraph.
(3) The provisions of the preceding two paragraphs do not preclude the employer or supervisor from exercising their right to reimbursement against the employee..


Article 644
A mandatary bears a duty to administer the mandated business with the due care of a prudent manager in compliance with the main purport of the mandate..


Article 718
(1) A possessor of an animal is liable to compensate for damage that the animal inflicts on another person;provided, however, that this does not apply if the possessor managed the animal while exercising reasonable care according to the kind and nature of the animal..


Article 716
A party ordering work is not liable to compensate for damage a contractor inflicted on a third party with respect to that work;provided, however, that this does not apply if the party ordering work is negligent with regards to the order or instructions..


Article 109
(1) A person who indicates to a third party that the person granted certain authority to represent to another person is liable for an act performed between that other person and that third party within the scope of the authority to represent;provided, however, that this does not apply if the third party knew or did not know due to negligence that the other person has not been granted the authority to represent.
(2) If a person who indicates to a third party that the person granted authority to represent to another person is, pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, liable for acts performed by that other person in relation to the third party within the scope of the authority to represent, and the other person performs in relation to the third party an act beyond the scope of the authority to represent, the person who makes the indication is liable for that act only if the third party has reasonable grounds for believing that the other person has authority to represent in that act..


Article 186
(1) A possessor is presumed to possess a thing with the intention to own, in good faith peacefully and openly.
(2) If there is evidence of possession at two different points in time, it is presumed that possession continued during that interval.
Article 188
The possessor is presumed to lawfully have the rights that a possessor exercises with respect to the thing under possession.
Article 192
A person that commences the possession of movables peacefully and openly by a transactional act acquires the rights that are exercised with respect to the movables immediately if the person possesses it in good faith and without negligence..


Article 641
The party ordering work may cancel the contract at any time whilst the contractor has not completed the work by paying compensation for loss or damage..


Article 306
A person that has a claim arising from the causes set forth below has a statutory lien over the entire assets of the obligor:
(i) expenses for the common benefit;
(ii) an employer-employee relationship;
(iii) funeral expenses; or
(iv) the supply of daily necessaries.
Article 308
Statutory liens for employer-employee relationships exist with respect to salaries and other claims that arise from the employer-employee relationship between the obligor and the employee..


Article 192
A person that commences the possession of movables peacefully and openly by a transactional act acquires the rights that are exercised with respect to the movables immediately if the person possesses it in good faith and without negligence..


Article 117 (1) A person who concludes a contract as an agent of another person is liable to the counterparty for the performance of the contract or compensation for loss or damage, as chosen by the counterparty, unless the person proves the authority to represent or the principal ratifies the contract.
(2) The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply in the following cases:
(i) if the counterparty knew that the person who concluded the contract as an agent of the other person had no authority to represent;
(ii) if the counterparty was negligent in not knowing that the person who concluded the contract as an agent of the other person had no authority to represent; provided, however, that this does not apply if the person who concluded a contract as an agent of the other person knew themselves to have no authority to represent; or
(iii) if the legal capacity to act of the person who concluded the contract as an agent of the other person was subject to restrictions.


Article 701
The provisions of Article 645
through Article 647
apply mutatis mutandis to the benevolent intervention in another's business.
Article 702
(1) If a manager has incurred beneficial expenses for a principal, the manager may claim reimbursement of those costs from the principal.
(2) The provisions of Article 650, paragraph (2) apply mutatis mutandis if a manager has incurred beneficial obligations on behalf of the principal.
(3) If a manager has engaged in the benevolent intervention in another's business against the will of the principal, the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs apply mutatis mutandis, solely to the extent currently enriched.
Article 650
(1) If the mandatary has expended costs found to be necessary for the administration of the mandated business, the mandatary may claim reimbursement of those costs from the mandator and any interest on the same from the day the costs were expended.
(2) If the mandatary has borne any obligation found to be necessary for the administration of the mandated business, the mandatary may demand that the mandator perform the obligation on the mandatary's behalf. In such cases, if the obligation has not yet fallen due, the mandatary may require the mandator to tender reasonable security.
(3) If a mandatary incurs loss or damage that is not due to the negligence of the mandatary in order to administer the mandated business, the mandatary may claim compensation for this from the mandator..


Article 706
If an obligor has paid money or delivered anything as performance of an obligation that has not yet fallen due, the obligor may not demand the return of the money paid or thing delivered;provided, however, that if the obligor tendered anything by mistake, the obligee must return the benefit gained as a result..


Article 87
(1) If the owner of a first thing attaches a second thing that the owner owns to the first thing to serve the ordinary use of the first thing, the thing that the owner attaches is an appurtenance.
(2) An appurtenance is disposed of together with the principal thing if the principal thing is disposed of..


Article 298
(1) The holder of a right of retention must possess the thing retained with the due care of a prudent manager.
(2) The holder of the right of retention may not use, lease or provide as a security the thing retained unless that holder obtains the consent of the obligor;provided, however, that this does not apply to uses necessary for the preservation of that thing.
(3) If the holder of a right of retention violates the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs, the obligor may demand that the right of retention be terminated..


Article 412-2 (1) If the performance of an obligation is impossible in light of the contract or other sources of claims and the common sense in the transaction, the obligee may not request the performance of the obligation.
(2) The impossibility of the performance of an obligation based on a contract as of the time of the formation of the contract does not preclude claiming compensation for loss or damage that arises from the impossibility of the obligation pursuant to the provisions of Article 415.


Article 700
A manager must continue the benevolent intervention in another's business until the principal or an heir or legal representative thereof is able to undertake it;provided, however, that this does not apply if it is evident that the continuation of the benevolent intervention in another's business is contrary to the will of the principal, or is disadvantageous to the principal.
Article 702
(1) If a manager has incurred beneficial expenses for a principal, the manager may claim reimbursement of those costs from the principal.
(2) The provisions of Article 650, paragraph (2) apply mutatis mutandis if a manager has incurred beneficial obligations on behalf of the principal.
(3) If a manager has engaged in the benevolent intervention in another's business against the will of the principal, the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs apply mutatis mutandis, solely to the extent currently enriched..


Article 400
If the subject matter of a claim is the delivery of a specific thing, the obligor must retain the thing with the due care of a prudent manager, which is determined in light of the contract or other sources of claims and the common sense in the transaction, until the delivery..


Article 206
An owner has the rights to freely use, profit from and dispose of the thing owned, within the limits of laws and regulations..


Article 702
(1) If a manager has incurred beneficial expenses for a principal, the manager may claim reimbursement of those costs from the principal.
(2) The provisions of Article 650, paragraph (2) apply mutatis mutandis if a manager has incurred beneficial obligations on behalf of the principal.
(3) If a manager has engaged in the benevolent intervention in another's business against the will of the principal, the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs apply mutatis mutandis, solely to the extent currently enriched..


Article 714
(1) When a person without capacity to be assume responsibility is not liable pursuant to the provisions of the preceding two Articles, the person with the statutory obligation to supervise the person without capacity to assume responsibility is liable to compensate for damage that the person without capacity to be assume responsibility has inflicted on a third party;provided, however, that this does not apply if the person who has the obligation to supervise has not failed to perform that person's obligation or if the damage could not have been avoided even if that person had not failed to perform that person's obligation.
(2) A person who supervises a person without capacity to be assume responsibility on behalf of the person who has the obligation to supervise also has the liability referred to in the preceding paragraph..


Article 117
(1) A person who concludes a contract as an agent of another person is liable to the counterparty for the performance of the contract or compensation for loss or damage, as chosen by the counterparty, unless the person proves the authority to represent or the principal ratifies the contract.
(2) The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply in the following cases:
(i) if the counterparty knew that the person who concluded the contract as an agent of the other person had no authority to represent;
(ii) if the counterparty was negligent in not knowing that the person who concluded the contract as an agent of the other person had no authority to represent;provided, however, that this does not apply if the person who concluded a contract as an agent of the other person knew themselves to have no authority to represent; or
(iii) if the legal capacity to act of the person who concluded the contract as an agent of the other person was subject to restrictions..


Article 493
The tender of the performance must be made actually consistent with the main purport of the obligation;provided, however, that if the obligee refuses to accept that performance in advance or if any act is required on the part of the obligee with respect to the performance of the obligation, it is sufficient for the obligor to request the acceptance thereof by giving a notice that the tender of the performance has been prepared.
Article 492
Upon tendering the performance, the obligor is relieved from any and all responsibilities which may arise from the non-performance of the obligation..


Article 702
(1) If a manager has incurred beneficial expenses for a principal, the manager may claim reimbursement of those costs from the principal.
(2) The provisions of Article 650, paragraph (2) apply mutatis mutandis if a manager has incurred beneficial obligations on behalf of the principal.
(3) If a manager has engaged in the benevolent intervention in another's business against the will of the principal, the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs apply mutatis mutandis, solely to the extent currently enriched.
Article 295
(1) If a possessor of a thing belonging to another person has a claim that has arisen in relation to that thing, that possessor may retain that thing until that claim is satisfied;provided, however, that this does not apply if the relevant claim has not yet fallen due.
(2) The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply if possession commenced by means of a tortious act..


Article 520
If a claim and obligation becomes vested in the same person, such claim is extinguished;provided, however, that this does not apply if such a claim is the subject matter of the right of a third party..


Article 478
Performance made to a person that does not constitute a person authorized to accept the performance (meaning the obligee or a third party authorized to accept performance based on the provisions of laws and regulations or the manifestation of intention of the parties; the same applies hereinafter) but that appears to be the person authorized to accept the performance in light of common sense in the transaction is effective only if the person effecting performance was acting in good faith and without negligence..
