Instruct: Given a legal statement, retrieve articles that support it.
Query:  Usufructuary rights are only established for real estate. 

Article 175
No real right may be established other than those prescribed by laws including this Code.
Article 265
A superficiary has the right to use another person's land in order to own structures, or trees or bamboo, on that land.
Article 270
A farming right holder has the right to pay rent and engage in cultivation or livestock farming on another person's land.
Article 280
A servitude holder has the right to use another person's land for the convenience of their own lands in accordance with purposes prescribed in the act establishing the servitude;provided, however, that this right must not violate the provisions (limited to those that relate to public policy) under Section 1 of Chapter 3 (Extent of Ownership)..


Article 295
(1) If a possessor of a thing belonging to another person has a claim that has arisen in relation to that thing, that possessor may retain that thing until that claim is satisfied;provided, however, that this does not apply if the relevant claim has not yet fallen due.
(2) The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply if possession commenced by means of a tortious act.
Article 303
The holder of a statutory lien has the rights to have that holder's own claim satisfied prior to other obligees out of the assets of the relevant obligor in accordance with the provisions of laws including this Act.
Article 388
If the land and a building on that land belong to the same owner, a mortgage is created with respect to that land or building, and the enforcement of that mortgage causes them to belong to different owners, it is deemed that a superficies has been created with respect to that building.In this case, the rent is fixed by the court at the request of the parties..


Article 176
The creation and transfer of a real right becomes effective solely by the manifestations of intention of the parties.
Article 206
An owner has the rights to freely use, profit from and dispose of the thing owned, within the limits of laws and regulations.
Article 555
A sale becomes effective when one of the parties promises to transfer certain property rights to the other party and the other party promises to pay the price for this..


Article 362
(1) A pledge may have a property right for its subject matter.
(2) Beyond what is provided for in this Section, the provisions of the preceding three Sections (General Provisions, Pledges on Movables and Pledges of Immovables) apply mutatis mutandis to pledges referred to in the preceding paragraph, provided that it is not inconsistent with the nature of the same..


Article 280
A servitude holder has the right to use another person's land for the convenience of their own lands in accordance with purposes prescribed in the act establishing the servitude;provided, however, that this right must not violate the provisions (limited to those that relate to public policy) under Section 1 of Chapter 3 (Extent of Ownership)..


Article 395
(1) A person that uses or profits from a building subject to a mortgage by virtue of a lease that cannot be duly asserted against the mortgagee, and that is set forth as follows (in the following paragraph referred to as "mortgaged building user") is not required to deliver that building to the purchaser thereof until six months have passed from the time when the purchaser purchased that building at auction:
(i) a person that has been using or profiting from the building since prior to the commencement of auction procedures; or
(ii) a person that is using or profiting from the building by virtue of a lease given after the commencement of auction procedures by the administrator of compulsory administration or execution against earnings from immovable collateral.
(2) The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply if the purchaser, specifying a reasonable period of time, issues a notice to the mortgaged building user demanding payment of consideration for a period of one month or more with respect to the use of the building referred to in that paragraph that has been made after the time of purchase by the purchaser, and no payment is made within that reasonable period of time..


Article 297
(1) A holder of a right of retention may collect fruits derived from the thing retained, and appropriate the same to the satisfaction of that holder's own claim before other obligees.
(2) The fruits referred to in the preceding paragraph must be appropriated first to the payment of interest on the claim, and any remainder must be appropriated to the satisfaction of the principal..


Article 182
(1) The transfer of possessory rights is effected by the delivery of the thing possessed.
(2) If a transferee or the agent of a transferee is actually holding the thing under possession, the transfer of possessory rights may be effected by the parties' manifestations of intention alone..


Article 243
If two or more movable properties with different owners can no longer be separated without damage due to accession, the ownership of the composite thing belongs to the owner of the principal movable property. The same applies if excessive expense is required to separate the movables.
Article 244
If the distinction of principal and accessory cannot be made between the movables united by accession, the owner of each movable property co-owns the composite thing in proportion to the respective price current at the time of the accession..


Article 152
(1) If a right is acknowledged, a new period of prescription commences to run at the time of the acknowledgment.
(2) With respect to the disposition of the right of the other party, an acknowledgment referred to in the preceding paragraph does not require unlimited capacity to act or authority.
Article 153
(1) The postponement of the expiry of prescription period or the renewal of prescription period under the provisions of Article 147
or Article 148
is effective only between the parties with respect to whom grounds to postpone the expiry of prescription period or to renew prescription period have arisen and their successors.
(2) The postponement of expiry of prescription period under the provisions of Articles 149 through 151 is effective only between the parties with respect to whom grounds to postpone the expiry of prescription period have arisen and their successors.
(3) The renewal of prescription period under the provisions of the preceding Article is effective only between the parties with respect to whom grounds to renew prescription period have arisen and their successors.
Article 458
The provisions of Article 438, Article 439, paragraph (1), Article 440, and Article 441
apply mutatis mutandis to circumstances which arise with regard to the guarantor that bears the obligation jointly and severally with the principal obligor.
Article 441
Except in cases prescribed in Articles 438, Article 439, paragraph (1), and the preceding Article, any circumstances which have arisen with respect to one of the joint and several obligors is not effective in relation to other joint and several obligors;provided, however, that if the obligee and one of the other joint and several obligors manifest a different intention, their intention prevails with respect to the effect in relation to the remaining other joint and several obligees..


Article 268
(1) If the duration of superficies is not fixed by the act that established the same and there are no relevant customs, the superficiary may waive that right at any time;provided, however, that if rent must be paid, the superficiary must give notice one year or more in advance or pay rent for one year that has not yet become due and payable.
(2) If the superficiary does not waive that right pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the court may, at the request of the parties concerned, fix a duration of 20 years or more but not more than 50 years, taking into consideration the kind and status of the structures, or trees or bamboo and other circumstances at the time of the creation of the superficies..


Article 331
(1) If there is conflict among special statutory liens against the same immovables, the order of priority follows the order set forth in the items of Article 325.
(2) If the same immovables are subject to successive sales, the order of priority of the statutory liens for the sale of the immovables among sellers follows the chronological order of the sales.
Article 339
Statutory liens registered in accordance with the provisions of the preceding two Articles may be exercised prior to mortgages..


Article 179
(1) If ownership and another real right on the same thing are acquired by the same person, the other real right is extinguished;provided, however, that this does not apply if that thing or the other real right is the object of the right of a third party.
(2) If a real right other than ownership and another right for which that real right is the object are acquired by the same person, the other right is extinguished.In this case, the provisions of the proviso to the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis.
(3) The provisions of the preceding two paragraphs do not apply to possessory rights..


Article 192
A person that commences the possession of movables peacefully and openly by a transactional act acquires the rights that are exercised with respect to the movables immediately if the person possesses it in good faith and without negligence..


Article 321
Statutory liens for the sale of movables exist against movables, in connection with the price of those movables and interest on the same.
Article 304
(1) A statutory lien may also be exercised against things including monies that the obligor is to receive as a result of the sale, lease or loss of, or damage to, the subject matter of the statutory lien;provided, however, that the holder of the statutory lien must attach the same before the payment or delivery of the monies or other thing.
(2) The provisions of the preceding paragraph also apply to the consideration for real rights created by the obligor on the subject matter of the statutory lien..


Article 295
(1) If a possessor of a thing belonging to another person has a claim that has arisen in relation to that thing, that possessor may retain that thing until that claim is satisfied;provided, however, that this does not apply if the relevant claim has not yet fallen due.
(2) The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply if possession commenced by means of a tortious act..


Article 614
Rent must be paid at the end of the month with respect to movables, buildings and land for residential purpose, and at the end of the year with respect to other land;provided, however, that with respect to anything with a harvest season, the rent must be paid without delay after that season..


Article 116
Ratification is retroactive to the time of the conclusion of the contract unless a particular intention is manifested;provided, however, that this may not prejudice the rights of a third party..


Article 372
The provisions of Article 296, Article 304
and Article 351
apply mutatis mutandis to mortgages.
Article 304
(1) A statutory lien may also be exercised against things including monies that the obligor is to receive as a result of the sale, lease or loss of, or damage to, the subject matter of the statutory lien;provided, however, that the holder of the statutory lien must attach the same before the payment or delivery of the monies or other thing.
(2) The provisions of the preceding paragraph also apply to the consideration for real rights created by the obligor on the subject matter of the statutory lien..


Article 192 A person that commences the possession of movables peacefully and openly by a transactional act acquires the rights that are exercised with respect to the movables immediately if the person possesses it in good faith and without negligence.


Article 587
A loan for consumption becomes effective when a first party receives money or any other thing from a second party, having promised to return a thing of the same type, quality, and quantity.
Article 589
(1) In the absence of any special agreement, the lender may not demand interest from the borrower.
(2) If there is any special agreement referred to in the preceding paragraph, the lender may demand from the borrower interest that accrues from the day on which the borrower receives the thing such as money..


Article 389
(1) If a building is constructed on a mortgaged land after the creation of a mortgage, the mortgagee may auction the building together with the land;provided, however, that the right of priority of that mortgagee may be exercised solely against the proceeds of the land.
(2) The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply if the owner of that building has rights with respect to the possession of the mortgaged land that may be duly asserted against the mortgagee..


Article 301
An obligor may demand that a right of retention be terminated by providing a reasonable security..


Article 459
(1) If a guarantor gives guarantee as requested by the principal obligor, and performs the obligation on behalf of the principal obligor or performs any other act that causes the obligation to be extinguished in exchange for the guarantor's own property (hereinafter referred to as an "act for extinguishment of obligation"), the guarantor has a right to reimbursement from the principal obligor for the amount of property expended for that act (if the amount of property exceeds the amount of the principal obligation extinguished by the act for extinguishment of obligation, the amount thus extinguished).
(2) The provisions of Article 442, paragraph (2) apply mutatis mutandis to the cases set forth in the preceding paragraph..


Article 244
If the distinction of principal and accessory cannot be made between the movables united by accession, the owner of each movable property co-owns the composite thing in proportion to the respective price current at the time of the accession..
