set: The African National Congress ( ANC ) is the Republic of South Africa 's governing political party , supported by its Tripartite Alliance with the Congress of South African Trade Unions ( COSATU ) and the South African Communist Party ( SACP ) , since the establishment of multi-racial democracy in April 1994 .

set: The African National Congress ( ANC ) , supported by the Congress of South African Trade Unions ( COSATU ) and the South African Communist Party ( SACP ) , has been South Africa 's governing left-wing political party since the establishment of non-racial democracy in April 1994 .


set: Members founded the organization as the South African Native National Congress ( SANNC ) on 8 January 1912 at the Waaihoek Wesleyan Church in Bloemfontein to increase the rights of the black South African population .

set: Members founded the organization as the South African Native National Congress ( SANNC ) on 8 January 1912 in Bloemfontein to increase the rights of the black South African population .


set: It can be said that the SANNC had its origins in a pronouncement by Pixley ka Isaka Seme who said in 1911 , `` Forget all the past differences among Africans and unite in one national organization . ''

set: The ANC had its origins in a pronouncement by Pixley ka Isaka Seme who said in 1911 Forget all the past differences among Africans and unite in one national organization .


set: This led to a later Defiance Campaign in the 1950s , a mass movement of resistance to apartheid .

set: This led to a later Defiance Campaign in the 1950s , a mass movement of resistance to South Africa under apartheid .


set: Further increases in 2004 , with 69.7 % of the votes .

set: It gained support in the 1999 elections , and further increased its majority in 2004 , with 69.7 % of the votes .


set: Many consider their actions to be criminal , but the MK deemed the means justified by the end goal of ending apartheid .

set: Many consider their actions to be criminal , but the MK said violence was justified by the goal of ending apartheid .


set: By 1927 , J.T. Gumede ( president of the ANC ) proposed co-operation with the Communists in a bid to revitalise the organization , but he was voted out of power in the 1930s .

set: By 1927 , J.T. Gumende ( president of the ANC ) proposed cooperation with the Communists in a bid to revitalise the organization , but he was voted out of power in the 1930s .


set: Partly in response to the Sharpeville massacre of 1960 , individual members of the ANC found it necessary to consider violence to combat what passive protest had failed to quell .

set: Partly in response to the Sharpeville Massacre of 1960 , individual members of the ANC thought violence was needed because peaceful passive protest had failed .


set: In 1923 , the organization became the African National Congress , and in 1929 the ANC supported a militant mineworkers ' strike .

set: By 1919 , the ANC led a campaign against passes , and in 1929 the ANC supported a militant mineworkers ' strike .


set: The Land Act was promulgated in 1913 forcing many non-whites from their farms into the cities and towns to work , and to restrict their movement within South Africa .

set: The effect of these laws was to force many non-whites from their farms into the cities and towns to work , and to restrict their movement within South Africa .


set: The ANC spent over R1 billion of taxpayers ' money on luxury vehicles , expensive hotels , banquets , advertising and other `` wasteful expenditure '' between August 2009 and April 2010 .

set: The ANC has reportedly wasted over R1 billion of taxpayers ' money over the past eight months on luxury vehicles , expensive hotels , banquets , advertising and other `` wasteful expenditure '' The main thrust behind this reporting is the official opposition in the country , the Democratic Alliance ( DA ) .


set: During that time , black people were also represented by the ICU and the previously white-only Communist party .

set: During that time , black people were also represented by the Industrial and Commercial Workers ' Union and the once white-only Communist party .


set: Event Horizon is a 1997 American science fiction horror film .

set: Event Horizon is a 1997 Anglo-American science fiction horror movie .


set: The film stars Laurence Fishburne and Sam Neill .

set: It stars Laurence Fishburne , Sam Neill , Kathleen Quinlan and Joely Richardson .


set: She is best known from the account given by the Roman poet Virgil in his Aeneid .

set: She is best known from the story about her in the Aeneid by the Roman poet Virgil .


set: Dido married Acerbas her uncle who as priest of Heracles-that is , Melqart-was second in power to King Pygmalion .

set: She was married to Acerbas who was a priest of Hercules .


set: Flannel , flannelette , and cotton flannel can be woven in either a twill weave or plain weave .

set: Flannel , flannelette and cotton flannel can be woven in either a twill weave or plain weave .


set: Flannelette can either have long or short nap , and can be napped on one or two sides .

set: Flannelette can either have long or short nap , and can be napped on only one or two sides .


set: Flannel was originally made from carded wool or worsted yarn , but is now often made from either wool , cotton , or synthetic fiber .

set: Flannel was originally made from carded wool or worsted yarn , but is now often made from either wool and cotton , or wool and synthetic fiber .


set: Flannel is commonly used to make tartan clothing , blankets , bed sheets , and sleepwear .

set: It is commonly used to make clothing , bed sheets , and sleepwear .


set: If the flannel is not napped , it gains its softness through the loosely spun yarn in its woven form .

set: It usually does not have a nap , and instead gains its softness through the loosely spun yarn it is woven from .


set: Flannelette typically refers to a napped cotton the texture of flannel .

set: Flannelette is a light , napped cotton fabric imitating the texture of flannel .


set: In organisms that use chromosomal crossover to exchange DNA and recombine genes , errors in alignment during meiosis can also cause mutations .

set: In organisms which use chromosomal crossovers to exchange DNA and recombine genes , errors in alignment during meiosis can also cause mutations .


set: The modern science of genetics , seeking to understand this process , began with the work of Gregor Mendel in the mid-19th century .

set: However , the modern science of genetics , which seeks to understand the process of inheritance , only began with the work of Gregor Mendel in the mid-nineteenth century .


set: The observation that living things inherit traits from their parents has been used since prehistoric times to improve crop plants and animals through selective breeding .

set: The fact that living things inherit traits from their parents has been known since prehistoric times , and used to improve crop plants and animals through selective breeding .


set: Chemical damage to DNA occurs naturally as well and cells use DNA repair mechanisms to repair mismatches and breaks .

set: Chemical damage to DNA occurs naturally as well , and cells use DNA repair mechanisms to repair mismatches and breaks in DNA-nevertheless , the repair sometimes fails to return the DNA to its original sequence .


set: Processes that increase the rate of changes in DNA are called mutagenic : mutagenic chemicals promote errors in DNA replication , often by interfering with the structure of base-pairing , while UV radiation induces mutations by causing damage to the DNA structure .

set: Mutagenic chemicals increase errors in DNA replication , often by interfering with the structure of base-pairing , while UV radiation induces mutations by causing damage to the DNA structure .


set: These errors create large structural changes in DNA sequence - duplications , inversions , deletions of entire regions - or the accidental exchange of whole parts of sequences between different chromosomes ( chromosomal translocation ) .

set: These errors create large structural changes in DNA sequence-duplications , inversions or deletions of entire regions , or the accidental exchanging of whole parts between different chromosomes ( called translocation ) .


set: Mendel observed that organisms inherit traits by way of discrete `` units of inheritance '' .

set: Although he did not know the physical basis for heredity , Mendel observed that organisms inherit traits via discrete units of inheritance , which are now called genes .


set: During the process of DNA replication , errors occasionally occur in the polymerization of the second strand .

set: During the process of DNA replication , errors sometimes occur .


set: The set of alleles for a given organism is called its genotype , while the observable traits of the organism are called its phenotype .

set: The whole set of genes is called the genotype , and the total effect of genes on the body is called the phenotype .


set: These errors , called mutations , can have an impact on the phenotype of an organism , especially if they occur within the protein coding sequence of a gene .

set: These errors , called mutations , can have an effect on the phenotype of an organism .


set: When organisms are heterozygous at a gene , often one allele is called dominant as its qualities dominate the phenotype of the organism , while the other allele is called recessive as its qualities recede and are not observed .

set: In that case , the two alleles are called co-dominant .


set: When a plant has two copies of this white allele , its flowers are white-regardless of whether the first gene has blue or magenta alleles .

set: Since a living thing has two copies of each gene , it can have two different alleles of it at the same time .


set: Although the science of genetics began with the applied and theoretical work of Gregor Mendel in the mid-19th century , other theories of inheritance preceded Mendel .

set: However , the science of genetics would not be possible today without the early work of Gregor Mendel .


set: When studying human genetic diseases , geneticists often use pedigree charts to represent the inheritance of traits .

set: Geneticists can also use pedigree charts to predict how traits will be passed to future children in a family .


set: Some genes are transcribed into RNA but are not translated into protein products-such RNA molecules are called non-coding RNA .

set: The basic idea is that DNA is transcribed into RNA , which is then translated into proteins .


set: These different , discrete versions of the same gene are called alleles .

set: These different versions are known as alleles of the gene .


set: In the case of pea , which is a diploid species , each individual plant has two copies of each gene , one copy inherited from each parent .

set: A living thing has two copies of each gene , one from its mother , and one from its father .


set: Located in northeast India , Arunachal Pradesh borders the states of Assam and Nagaland to the south , and shares international borders with Bhutan in the west , Myanmar in the east and the People 's Republic of China in the north .

set: Arunachal Pradesh is a state in the Republic of India .


set: Note : GP = Games played , W = Wins , L = Losses , T = Ties , Pts = Points , GF = Goals for , GA = Goals against , PIM = Penalties in minutes Note : Teams that qualified for the playoffs are highlighted in bold Two expansion teams , Buffalo Sabres and Vancouver Canucks , are added .


set: The East Division of the National Hockey League existed from 1967 until 1974 when the league realigned into two conferences of two divisions each .

set: The East Division of the National Hockey League existed from 1967 , when the NHL was made up of a single division , until 1974 when the league changed its format into two conferences of two divisions each .


set: Section 61 of the Constitution provides that ` The executive power of the Commonwealth is vested in the Queen and is exercisable by the Governor‑General as the Queen 's representative , and extends to the execution and maintenance of this Constitution , and of the laws of the Commonwealth ' .

set: Section 61 of the Constitution says that ` The executive power of the Commonwealth is vested in the Queen and is exercisable by the Governor‑General as the Queen 's representative , and extends to the execution and maintenance of this Constitution , and of the laws of the Commonwealth ' .


set: The ACT and the NT also elect two senators each .

set: The ACT and the NT elect two senators each .


set: Though in many respects the Governor-General is the Queen 's representative , and exercises various constitutional powers in her name , they are also independently vested with many important powers by the Constitution .

set: Though in many respects the Governor-General is the Queen 's representative , and exercises various constitutional powers in her name , they are also independently vested with many important constitutional powers by the Constitution .


set: While Australian citizens living in the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory are represented in the Commonwealth Parliament , Norfolk Islanders are not represented federally .

set: While Australian citizens living in the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory are represented in the Commonwealth Parliament , Norfolk Islanders are not .


set: The Legislature makes the laws , and supervises the activities of the other two arms with a view to changing the laws when appropriate .

set: The Legislature makes the laws , and supervises the activities of the other two arms with a view to changing the laws if needed .


set: Section 2 of the Australian Constitution provides that a Governor-General shall represent the Queen in Australia .

set: Section 2 of the Australian Constitution says that a Governor-General shall represent the Queen in Australia .


set: Under the conventions of the Westminster system the Governor-General 's powers are almost always exercised on the advice of the Prime Minister or other ministers .

set: Under the Westminster system the Governor-General 's powers are almost always used on the advice of the Prime Minister or other ministers .


set: Twelve Senators from each state are elected for six-year terms , using proportional representation and the single transferable vote ( known in Australia as `` preferential voting '' : see Australian electoral system ) , with half elected every three years .

set: Twelve Senators from each state are elected for six-year terms , using proportional representation and the single transferable vote ( known in Australia as `` preferential voting '' , with half elected every three years .


set: The cabinet meets not only in Canberra but also in various other Australian state capitals , most frequently Sydney and Melbourne .

set: The cabinet meets not only in Canberra but also in other Australian state capitals , most often Sydney and Melbourne .


set: When the Labor first held office under Chris Watson , Watson assumed the right to choose members of his Cabinet .

set: When the Labor first held office under Chris Watson , Watson used the right to choose members of his Cabinet .


set: Instead , these territories are largely governed by Commonwealth law , with Christmas Island and the Cocos Islands also having local governments .

set: Instead , these territories are governed by federal laws , with Christmas Island and the Cocos Islands also having local governments .


set: The Prime Minister and the Cabinet are responsible to the Parliament , of which they must , in most circumstances , be members .

set: The Prime Minister and the Cabinet are responsible to the Parliament , of which they must be members .


set: Australia 's other territories that are regularly inhabited ( Jervis Bay , Christmas Island and the Cocos ( Keeling ) Islands ) are not self-governing .

set: Australia 's other territories , ( Jervis Bay , Christmas Island and the Cocos ( Keeling ) Islands ) are not self-governing .


set: Further , each State has its own constitution , so that Australia has seven sovereign Parliaments , none of which can encroach on the functions of any other .

set: Each State has its own constitution , so that Australia has seven sovereign Parliaments , none of which can take over the powers of any other .


set: The proposal would have removed references to the Queen from the Constitution and replaced the Governor-General with a President nominated by the Prime Minister , but subject to the approval of a two-thirds majority of both Houses of the Parliament .

set: The proposal would have removed the Queen from the Constitution and replaced the Governor-General with a President nominated by the Prime Minister , but needing the approval of a two-thirds majority of both Houses of the Parliament .


set: When the Liberal Party and its predecessors ( the Nationalist Party and the United Australia Party ) have been in coalition with the National Party or its predecessor the Country Party , the leader of the junior Coalition party has had the right to nominate their party 's members of the Coalition ministry , and to be consulted by the Prime Minister on the allocation of their portfolios .

set: When the Liberal Party and its predecessors ( the Nationalist Party and the United Australia Party ) have been in coalition with the National Party or its predecessor the Country Party , the leader of the junior Coalition party has had the right decide his party 's members of the Coalition ministry , and to work with the Prime Minister to give them their responsibilities .


set: The day-to-day business of the house is usually negotiated between a designated senior Minister , who holds the title Leader of the House , and an Opposition frontbencher known as the Manager of Opposition Business in the House .

set: The day-to-day business of the house is usually worked out between a senior Minister , who holds the title Leader of the House , and an Opposition frontbencher known as the Manager of Opposition Business .


set: Thus New South Wales has 48 members while Tasmania has five .

set: So New South Wales has 50 members while Tasmania has only five .


set: In 1907 , however , the party decided that future Labor Cabinets would be elected by the members of the Parliamentary Labor Party , the Caucus , and the Prime Minister would retain the right to allocate portfolios .

set: In 1907 , however , the party decided that future Labor Cabinets would be elected by the members of the Parliamentary Labor Party , the Caucus .


set: Under the prevailing Westminster system , the leader of the political party or coalition of parties that holds the support of a majority of the members in the House of Representatives is invited to form a government and is named Prime Minister .

set: In the Westminster system , the leader of the political party or group of parties that holds the support of a majority of the members in the House of Representatives is asked to form a government and is named Prime Minister .


set: Section 51 of the Constitution provides for the Commonwealth Government 's legislative powers and allocates certain powers and responsibilities ( known as `` heads of power '' ) to the Commonwealth government .

set: Section 51 of the Constitution sets out the Commonwealth Government 's legislative powers and gives certain powers and responsibilities ( known as `` heads of power '' ) to the federal government .


set: The Australian Republican Movement continues to campaign for an end to the monarchy in Australia , opposed by Australians for Constitutional Monarchy and Australian Monarchist League .

set: The Australian Republican Movement continues to call for an end to the monarchy in Australia , opposed by Australians for Constitutional Monarchy .


set: When the non-Labor parties are in power , the Prime Minister makes all Cabinet and ministerial appointments at their own discretion , although in practice they consult with senior colleagues in making appointments .

set: When the non-Labor parties have been in power , the Prime Minister has made all Cabinet and ministerial appointments .


set: The third level of government after Commonwealth and State\/Territory is Local government , in the form of shire , town or city .

set: The third level of government after Commonwealth and State\/Territory is Local government .


set: In addition to the state Senators , two senators are elected by voters from the Northern Territory ( which for this purpose includes the Indian Ocean Territories , Christmas Island and the Cocos ( Keeling ) Islands ) , while another two senators are elected by the voters of the Australian Capital Territory ( which includes the Jervis Bay Territory for this purpose ) .

set: There are also two senators elected by voters from the Northern Territory ( and including the Indian Ocean Territories , Christmas Island and the Cocos ( Keeling ) Islands ) .


set: Government is undertaken by three inter-connected arms of government : The Separation of powers is the principle whereby the three arms of government undertake their activities separate from each other : Until the passage of the Australia Act 1986 , and associated legislation in the Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , some Australian cases could be referred to the British Judicial Committee of the Privy Council for final appeal .

set: Government is undertaken by three inter-connected arms of government : The Separation of powers is the principle whereby the three arms of government do their activities separate from each other : Before the Australia Act 1986 , and matching legislation in the parliament of the United Kingdom , some Australian cases could be sent to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council for final appeal .


set: The House of Representatives is elected on a basis which reflects the differing populations of the States .

set: The House of Representatives is elected on a basis which shows the different sized populations of the States .


set: The federal nature of the Commonwealth and the structure of the Parliament of Australia were the subject of protracted negotiations among the colonies during the drafting of the Constitution .

set: The federal nature of the Commonwealth and the structure of the Parliament of Australia were the subject of long negotiations among the colonies .


set: In practice , the role of head of state of Australia is divided between two people , the Queen of Australia and the Governor-General of Australia , who is appointed by the Queen on the advice of the Prime Minister of Australia .

set: In practice , the role of head of state of Australia is divided between two people , the Queen of Australia and the Governor-General of Australia .


set: But the Senate is elected on a basis of equality among the States : all States elect 12 Senators , regardless of population .

set: But the Senate is elected on a basis of equality among the States : all States have 12 Senators , regardless of population .


set: The Prime Minister has a discretion to advise the Governor-General to call an election for the House of Representatives at any time , but Senate elections can only be held within certain periods prescribed in the Constitution .

set: The Prime Minister can advise the Governor-General to call an election for the House of Representatives at any time , but Senate elections can only be held within certain periods set out in the Constitution .


set: The theoretical possibility of the British Parliament enacting laws to override the Australian Constitution was also removed .

set: The possibility of the British Parliament making laws to overturn the Australian Constitution was also removed .


set: By the Royal Style and Titles Act 1953 , the Australian Parliament gave the Queen the title Queen of Australia , and in 1973 titles with any reference to her status as Queen of the United Kingdom and Defender of the Faith as well were removed , making her Queen of Australia .

set: With the Royal Style and Titles Act 1953 , the Australian Parliament gave the Queen the title Queen of Australia .


set: There are Commonwealth Parliament Offices in each State Capital , with those in Sydney located in Phillip Street .

set: The Commonwealth Parliament Offices in Sydney are located in Phillip Street .


set: The Commonwealth Constitution also provides that the States can agree to refer any of their powers to the Commonwealth .

set: The Commonwealth Constitution also says that the States can agree to give any of their powers to the Commonwealth .


set: To become effective , the proposals must be put to a referendum of all Australians of voting age , and must receive a `` double majority '' : a majority of all votes , and a majority of votes in a majority of States .

set: To become law , the proposals must be put to a referendum of all Australians of voting age .


set: The Constitution of Australia does not recognize the Cabinet , and its decisions have no legal force .

set: The Constitution of Australia does not mention the Cabinet , and its decisions have no legal force .


set: The members of the House of Representatives are elected by preferential voting from single-member constituencies allocated among the states and territories roughly in proportion to population .

set: The members of the House of Representatives are elected by preferential voting from single-member areas spread among the states and territories roughly in proportion to population .


set: The most recent general election was on 7 September 2013 .

set: The most recent general election was on 21 August 2010 .


set: Section 1 of the Australian Constitution creates a democratic legislature , the bicameral Parliament of Australia which consists of the Queen of Australia and two houses , the Senate and the House of Representatives .

set: Section 1 of the Australian Constitution sets up a democratic legislature , the bicameral Parliament of Australia .


set: The Australian Constitution dates from 1901 , when the Dominions of the British Empire were not sovereign states , and does not use the term `` head of state '' .

set: The Australian Constitution was written in 1901 , when the Dominions of the British Empire were not independent countries , and does not use the words `` head of state '' .


set: The Sovereign of Australia , currently Queen Elizabeth II , is also the Sovereign of fifteen other Commonwealth realms including the United Kingdom .

set: She is also the Sovereign of fifteen other Commonwealth Realms including the United Kingdom .


set: Although the government , by virtue of commanding a majority of members in the lower house of the legislature , can usually pass its legislation and control the workings of the house , the Opposition can considerably delay the passage of legislation and obstruct government business if it chooses .

set: The government , because it has a majority of members in the lower house of the legislature , can usually pass its legislation and control the workings of the house .


set: This `` transfer '' legislation may have a `` sunset clause '' , a legislative provision that nullifies the transfer of power after a specified period , at which point the original division of power is restored ... In addition , Australia has several territories , three of which are self-governing : the Australian Capital Territory ( ACT ) , the Northern Territory ( NT ) and Norfolk Island .


set: Prior to the 2007 general election , the then Leader of the Opposition , Kevin Rudd , said that he and he alone would choose the ministry should he become Prime Minister .

set: Prior to the 2007 general election , Kevin Rudd , said that he and he alone would choose the ministry if he become Prime Minister .


set: The Australian Parliament is bicameral , consisting of the Queen of Australia , a 76-member Senate and a 150-member House of Representatives .

set: The Australian Parliament is bicameral , made up of the Queen , a 76-member Senate and a 150-member House of Representatives .


set: In 2009 Prime Minister Kevin Rudd described the Governor-General as the Australian head of state , announcing an overseas visit by Quentin Bryce by saying , `` A visit to Africa of this scale by Australia 's Head of State will express the seriousness of Australia 's commitment '' .

set: He said an overseas visit by Quentin Bryce '' ... to Africa of this scale by Australia 's Head of State will express the seriousness of Australia 's commitment '' .


set: Kevin Rudd was in favor of the Cabinet meeting in other places , such as major regional cities .

set: Kevin Rudd said he wanted the Cabinet to meet in other places , such as major regional cities .


set: The legislatures of these territories exercise powers delegated to them by the Commonwealth , and the Commonwealth Parliament retains the power to override territorial legislation and to transfer powers to or from the territories .

set: The Commonwealth Parliament keeps the power to overturn territorial legislation and to give or take powers .


set: Like the other Dominions , Australia gained legislative independence from the Parliament of the United Kingdom by virtue of the Statute of Westminster 1931 , which was adopted in Australia in 1942 with retrospective effect from 3 September 1939 .

set: Like the other Dominions , Australia gained legislative independence from the Parliament of the United Kingdom through the Statute of Westminster 1931 .


set: All members of the ministry must be sworn as members of the Federal Executive Council , a body which is chaired by the Governor-General and which meets solely to endorse and give legal force to decisions already made by the Cabinet .

set: This council is chaired by the Governor-General and which meets solely to approve and give legal force to decisions already made by the Cabinet .


set: The growth of the ministry in the 1940s and 1950s made this increasingly impractical , and in 1956 Robert Menzies created a two-tier ministry , with only senior ministers holding Cabinet rank , also known within parliament as the front bench .

set: In 1956 Robert Menzies created a two level ministry , with only senior ministers in the Cabinet .


set: In practice , the Governor-General carries out all the functions usually performed by a head of state , without reference to the Queen .

set: In practice , the Governor-General carries out all the tasks usually done by a head of state , without asking the Queen .


set: With this act , Australian law was made unequivocally sovereign , and the High Court of Australia was confirmed as the highest court of appeal .

set: Australian law is now only decided on in Australia , and the High Court of Australia is the highest court of appeal .


set: The Commonwealth Parliament and all the state and territory legislatures operate within the conventions of the Westminster system , with a recognized Leader of the Opposition , usually the leader of the largest party outside the government , and a Shadow Cabinet of Opposition members who `` shadow '' each member of the Ministry , asking questions on matters within the Minister 's portfolio .

set: The Commonwealth Parliament and all the state and territory legislatures use the Westminster system .


set: The Commonwealth of Australia , a federal constitutional monarchy under a parliamentary democracy , was formed in 1901 as a result of an agreement among six self-governing British colonies , which became the six states .

set: The Commonwealth of Australia is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy .


set: These bodies such as Councils are composed of elected representatives ( known as either councillor or alderman depending on the State ) , usually serving on a part-time basis .

set: Local governments are made up of elected representatives ( known as either councilor or alderman depending on the State ) , usually serving on a part-time basis .


set: In ordinary legislation , the two chambers have coordinate powers , but all proposals for appropriating revenue or imposing taxes must be introduced in the House of Representatives .

set: In ordinary legislation , the two chambers have the same powers , but all laws for spending money or charging taxes must come from the House of Representatives .


set: The largely uninhabited Coral Sea Islands was established as a Territory of the Commonwealth in 1969 while Ashmore and Cartier Islands has been a territory since 1933 and administered under the laws of the Northern Territory .

set: The largely uninhabited Coral Sea Islands was set up as a Territory of the Commonwealth in 1969 .


set: All remaining responsibilities are retained by the six States ( previously separate colonies ) .

set: All remaining responsibilities are kept by the six States .


set: This was intended to allow the Senators of the smaller States to form a majority and amend or even reject bills originating in the House of Representatives .

set: This was so the Senators of the smaller States could form a majority and change or even reject laws from the House of Representatives .


set: Between 1907 and 2007 , Labor Prime Ministers exercised a predominant influence over who was elected to Labor ministries , although the leaders of the party factions also exercised considerable influence .

set: The Labor Prime Ministers had a lot of influence over who was elected to Labor ministries , although the leaders small groups inside the party also had a lot of power .


set: WebCite respects the author 's request to not have their web page cached .

set: WebCite is a service that archives web pages .


set: Literary critics study the use of language in literature .

set: Literary theorists study the use of language in literature .


set: The formal study of language began in India with Pāṇini , the 5th century BC grammarian who formulated 3,959 rules of Sanskrit morphology .

set: The study of language began in India with Pāṇini , the 5th century BC grammarian who wrote about the 3,959 rules of Sanskrit morphology , which described the different kinds of vowels and consonants Sanskrit had , as well as verb and noun classes .


set: Linguistics is the scientific study of language .

set: Although linguistics is the scientific study of language , a number of other intellectual disciplines are relevant to language and intersect with it .


set: The study of grammar led to fields like psycholinguistics , which explores the representation and function of language in the mind ; neurolinguistics , which studies language processing in the brain ; and language acquisition , which investigates how children and adults acquire a particular language .

set: Linguistics in its broader context includes evolutionary linguistics , which considers the origins of language ; historical linguistics , which explores language change ; sociolinguistics , which looks at the relation between linguistic variation and social structures ; psycholinguistics , which explores the representation and function of language in the mind ; neurolinguistics , which looks at language processing in the brain ; language acquisition , how children or adults acquire language ; and discourse analysis , which involves the structure of texts and conversations .


set: In the Middle East Sibawayh ( سیبویه ) made a detailed description of Arabic in 760 AD in his monumental work , Al-kitab fi al-nahw ( الكتاب في النحو , The Book on Grammar ) , the first known author to distinguish between sounds and phonemes ( sounds as units of a linguistic system ) .

set: In the Middle East , Sibawayh ( سیبویه ) wrote a book about Arabic in 760 AD called Al-kitab fi al-nahw ( الكتاب في النحو , The Book on Grammar ) ; he was the first known author to talk about the difference between sounds and phonemes .


set: Language is also influenced by social , cultural , historical and political factors , and linguistics can be applied to semiotics , for instance , which is the general study of signs and symbols both within language and without .

set: Semiotics , for example , is the general study of signs and symbols both within language and without .


set: The first insights into semantic theory were made by Plato in his Cratylus dialogue , where he argues that words denote concepts that are eternal and exist in the world of ideas .

set: Plato was the first western philosopher to write about semantics in his Cratylus dialogue , where he argues that words represent concepts that are eternal and exist in the world of ideas , and the word etymology is first used to talk about the history behind a word 's meaning .


set: She met film director Steven Spielberg upon winning the female lead for the Raiders of the Lost Ark sequel , Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom ( 1984 ) .

set: In 1984 , she met future husband Spielberg while beating out 120 actresses for the female lead in Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom .


set: She married marketing manager Robert Capshaw in January 1976 and they had one child , actress Jessica Capshaw , before eventually divorcing in 1980 .

set: Capshaw was married to her first husband , Robert Capshaw , from 1976 until their divorce in 1980 .


set: Ronald Belford `` Bon '' Scott ( 9 July 1946 - 19 February 1980 ) was a Scottish-born Australian rock musician , best known for being the lead singer and lyricist of Australian hard rock band AC\/DC from 1974 until his death in 1980 .

set: Bon Scott ( July 9 , 1946 - February 19 , 1980 ) was an Scottish-Australian singer-songwriter .


set: However , on 19 February 1980 , Scott died after a night out in London .

set: Scott died of alcohol poisoning in London on 19 February 1980 .


set: In the following years , AC\/DC gained further success with their albums Let There Be Rock and Powerage .

set: Their next albums were Let There Be Rock , Powerage , and a live album called If You Want Blood You 've Got It .


set: Another studio album , Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap was released in the same year , but only in Australia ; the international version of the album was released in November 1976 in the UK and in March 1981 in the U.S. , with a different track listing .

set: They released another album that year called Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap .


set: The 2008-09 Montreal Canadiens season was their 100th season of play and 92nd in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) .

set: The 2008-09 Montreal Canadiens season is their 99th season of play and 91st in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) .


set: Thomas Stephen Szasz ( \ / ˈsɑːs \ / SAHSS ; April 15 , 1920 - September 8 , 2012 ) was a psychiatrist and academic .

set: Thomas Stephen Szasz ( April 15 , 1920 - September 8 , 2012 ) was a psychiatrist and academic .


set: In 1938 , Szasz moved to the United States , where he attended the University of Cincinnati for his Bachelor of Science in medicine , and received his M.D. from the same university in 1944 .

set: In 1938 Szasz moved with his family to the United States .


set: `` Mental illnesses '' are really problems in living .

set: He said that mental illness is not an illness of the brain but `` problems of living '' .


set: It was announced on August 23 , 2013 , that he would step down as Microsoft 's CEO within 12 months .

set: It was announced on August 23 , 2013 that he will step down as Microsoft CEO within 12 months .


set: That 's the principle , '' Ballmer said .

set: That 's the principle , '' Mr. Ballmer said .


set: Ballmer used the notion of `` viral '' licensing terms to express his concern over the fact that the GNU General Public License ( GPL ) employed by such software requires that all derivative software be under the GPL or a compatible license .

set: Ballmer used the term `` viral '' licensing terms to show his worry that the GNU General Public License ( GPL ) license forced by such software requires that all software made from it be under the GPL or a compatible license .


set: In 2003 , Ballmer sold 8.3 % of his shareholdings , leaving him with a 4 % stake in the company .

set: In 2003 , Ballmer sold 8.3 % of his parts , leaving him with a 4 % part of the company .


set: Once Gates leaves , `` I 'm not going to need him for anything .

set: When Gates leaves , `` I 'm not going to need him for anything .


set: He then worked for two years as an assistant product manager at Procter & Gamble , where he shared an office with Jeffrey R. Immelt , who later became CEO of General Electric .

set: He then worked for two whole years as a helper of a product manager at Home Bargains , where he shared an office with Jeffrey Immelt , who would later become CEO of General Electric .


set: He has referred to the free software Linux kernel as a `` cancer that attaches itself in an intellectual property sense to everything it touches '' .

set: `` Use him , yes , need him , no . '' He has referred to the free Linux computer running thing as a `` ruddy cancer that attaches itself in an intellectual property sense to everything it touches . ''


set: In 2005 , Mark Lucovsky alleged in a sworn statement to a Washington state court that Ballmer became enraged upon hearing that Lucovsky was about to leave Microsoft for Google , picked up his chair , and threw it across his office , and that , referring to Google CEO Eric Schmidt ( who previously worked for competitors Sun and Novell ) , Ballmer vowed to `` kill Google . ''

set: In 2005 , Mark Lucovsky said in a sworn statement to a Washington state court that Ballmer became very angry upon hearing that Lucovsky was going to leave Microsoft for Google , picked up his chair , and threw it across his office .


set: When Microsoft was incorporated in 1981 , Ballmer owned 8 percent of the company .

set: When Microsoft was made different in 1981 , Ballmer owned 8 whp ; e percent of the company .


set: At college , Ballmer managed the football team , worked on The Harvard Crimson newspaper as well as the Harvard Advocate , and lived down the hall from fellow sophomore Bill Gates .

set: While in college , Ballmer managed the Chess Team , worked on the Daily News newspaper as well as the Daily Star , and lived down the hall from another boy James May .


set: The Wall Street Journal has reported that there was tension surrounding the 2000 transition of authority from Bill Gates to Ballmer .

set: Another video , which became a `` big hit on the web '' and was featured on CNN shows Ballmer hiding behind a big desk to dodge eggs during a talk in Budapest , Hungary The Wall Street Journal has reported that there were tensions around the 2000 change of leadership from Bill Gates to Ballmer .


set: A widely circulated video , captured at a developers ' conference , features a perspiring Ballmer chanting the word `` developers '' .

set: Another video , captured at a developers ' meeting , featuring Ballmer saying the word `` developers '' again and again was viewed by a lot of viewers on a video website .


set: On August 23 , 2013 , Microsoft announced that Ballmer would retire within the next 12 months .

set: Ballmer announced his retirement on August 23 , 2013 .


set: Steve Ballmer joined Microsoft on June 11 , 1980 , and became Microsoft 's 30th employee , the first business manager hired by Gates .

set: Ballmer joined Microsoft on June 11 , 1980 . , and was Microsoft 's 24th worker , the first man who told people what to do hired by Bill Gates .


set: Ballmer has described Lucovsky 's account of the incident as a `` gross exaggeration of what actually took place '' .

set: Ballmer said it was a `` gross exaggeration of what actually took place . ''


set: As CEO , Ballmer handled company finances and daily operations , but Gates remained chairman of the board and still retained control of the `` technological vision '' as chief software architect .

set: As Big Cheese , Ballmer handled company monies , however Gates still controlled the `` technological vision . ''


set: Then , they and the studio audience watch footage of the guest 's fastest lap around the Top Gear test track .

set: Power laps are one lap around the Top Gear Test Track .


set: In patients at high risk of ventricular fibrillation , the use of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator has been shown to be beneficial .

set: In patients at high risk of ventricular fibrillation the use of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator has been shown to help .


set: Ventricular fibrillation is a medical emergency that requires prompt Advanced Life Support interventions .

set: Ventricular fibrillation is a medical emergency .


set: It covers an area of approximately 128 square kilometres and comprises the suburbs of Ivanhoe , Eaglemont , Bellfield , Heidelberg , Rosanna , Viewbank , Lower Plenty , Macleod , Yallambie , Eltham , Watsonia , Bundoora , Greensborough , Montmorency , Briar Hill , St Helena , Research , North Warrandyte and Kangaroo Ground .

set: It includes the suburbs of Ivanhoe , Eaglemont , Bellfield , Heidelberg , Rosanna , Viewbank , Lower Plenty , Macleod , Yallambie , Eltham , Watsonia , Bundoora , Greensborough , Montmorency , Briar Hill , St Helena , Research , North Warrandyte and Kangaroo Ground .


set: It is located in the north-eastern suburbs of Melbourne , and lies north of the Yarra River .

set: It covers the north-eastern suburbs of Melbourne north of the Yarra River .


set: The Division is currently held by Jenny Macklin , the former Deputy Leader of the Australian Labor Party .

set: Jenny Macklin is the Minister for Families , Housing , Community Services and Indigenous Affairs and former Deputy Leader of the Australian Labor Party .


set: It was named after three Wurundjeri Aboriginal Australian men who supposedly made the Batman Treaty with the party of early colonial settler and one of the founders of Melbourne , John Batman in 1835 .

set: They signed the Batman Treaty with one of the founders of Melbourne , John Batman , in 1835 .


set: The hit American series is hosted by television personality Julie Chen .

set: The American series is hosted by television personality Julie Chen .


set: Produced by Allison Grodner and Rich Meehan for Fly On The Wall Entertainment , it currently airs in the United States on CBS and in Canada on Global .

set: It is produced by Allison Grodner and Rich Meehan for Fly On The Wall Entertainment .


set: When only two houseguests remained , all of the previously evicted houseguests would select a winner .

set: When two HouseGuests remain , the evicted HouseGuests voted for the winner .


set: It is currently the second longest running version in the world to have done so , after the Spanish version .

set: It is currently the second longest version of the show to have done so , after the Spanish version .


set: Big Brother is a television reality game show based on an originally Dutch TV series of the same name created by producer John de Mol in 1997 .

set: It is based on an originally Dutch language TV series of the same name which was created by John de Mol in 1997 .


set: For this new format , one houseguest would become the weekly Head of Household , and would be required to nominate two houseguests for eviction .

set: The Head of Household is responsible for nominating two HouseGuests for eviction .


set: The show follows a group of houseguests living together 24 hours a day in the `` Big Brother '' house , isolated from the outside world but under constant surveillance with no privacy for three months .

set: The show follows a group of House Guests living together 24 hours a day in the `` Big Brother '' house .


set: The houseguests compete for the chance to win a $ 500,000 grand prize by avoiding weekly eviction , and in second place is awarded $ 50,000 .

set: The HouseGuests compete for the chance to win $ 500,000 .


set: The houseguests then vote to evict one of the nominees , and the houseguest with the most votes is evicted .

set: The HouseGuest who received the most public vote was evicted .


set: This season was the first to feature the Golden Power of Veto , in which a nominee could use it to remove themselves from the block .

set: At first , the Power of Veto was silver and if a nominee won the Power of Veto the nominee could not save themselves .


set: Since its television debut in 2000 , Big Brother has run continuously with at least one season of the show airing each year .

set: Since its US television start in 2000 , Big Brother has continue airing with at least one season of the show on CBS each year .


set: Boy was recorded at Windmill Lane Studios in Dublin with Steve Lillywhite producing .

set: It was produced by Steve Lillywhite , and recorded in a Dublin studio called Windmill Lane Studios .


set: Some of the songs , including `` An Cat Dubh '' and `` The Ocean '' , were written and recorded in the studio .

set: Some songs were written in the studio , like `` An Cat Dubh '' and `` The Ocean '' .


set: `` A Day Without Me '' and `` I Will Follow '' were released as singles .

set: They were `` I Will Follow '' and `` A Day Without Me '' .


set: Gérard Philipe ( 4 December 1922 - 25 November 1959 ) was a prominent French actor who appeared in 34 films between 1944 and 1959 .

set: Gérard Philipe ( 4 December 1922 - 25 November 1959 ) was a French actor who appeared in 34 movies between 1944 and 1959 .


set: In 1951 , Philipe married Nicole Fourcade ( 1917-1990 ) , an actress\/writer , with whom he had two children .

set: In 1951 , Philipe married Nicole Fourcade ( 1917-1990 ) .


set: He is buried in the village cemetery in Ramatuelle , Var near the Mediterranean Sea coast .

set: He was buried in the village cemetery in Ramatuelle , Var near the Mediterranean Sea .


set: She adopted the pseudonym , Anne Philipe , and wrote about her husband in two books , the first called Souvenirs ( 1960 ) and a second biography titled Le Temps d'un soupir ( No Longer Than a Sigh , 1963 ) .

set: The first called Souvenirs ( 1960 ) and a second biography titled Le Temps d'un soupir ( No Longer Than a Sign , 1963 ) .


set: Philipe made his film debut in Les Petites du Quai aux Fleurs ( 1943 ) and after a few more minor film roles , he rocketed to fame as a result of his performance in Claude Autant-Lara 's Devil in the Flesh ( 1947 ) .

set: Philipe made his movie debut in Les Petites du Quai aux Fleurs ( 1943 ) .


set: As a teenager Philipe took acting lessons before going to Paris to study at the Conservatoire of Dramatic Art .

set: He done this before going to Paris to study at the Conservatoire of Dramatic Art .


set: Born Gérard Philip in Cannes , France , he was of one quarter Czech ancestry from his maternal grandmother and three quarters French ancestry .

set: He had Czech ancestry from his maternal grandmother .


set: To commemorate the centenary of the cinema in 1995 , the French government issued a series of limited edition coins that included a 100 franc coin bearing the image of Philipe .

set: In 1995 , the celebrate 100 years of the cinema , the French government issued a series of limited edition coins .


set: In Germany he has been scarcely less respected than in his native country ; a cultural center is named after him in Berlin .

set: However , a cultural center is named after him in Berlin .


set: In 1986 , his portrait appeared on a French commemorative postage stamp .

set: In 1986 , he was given a postage stamp with his picture on it .


set: At sunset , families hasten for the fast-breaking meal known as iftar .


set: The only Pacific hurricane to strike Mexico at a greater intensity was Hurricane Madeline of 1976 .

set: The only Pacific hurricanes to strike Mexico at greater intensity were 1976 's Hurricane Madeline and an unnamed 1959 storm .


set: Hurricane Kenna is currently the second most intense Pacific hurricane to strike Mexico .

set: Hurricane Kenna was a destructive hurricane of the 2002 Pacific hurricane season .


set: On 27 March 2009 , Mendoza documented a visit to Guantanamo Bay detention camp on her Internet blog .

set: On 27 March 2009 , Mendoza documented a visit to Guantanamo Bay detention camp on her blog .


set: Dayana Sabrina Mendoza Moncada ( born June 1 , 1986 in Caracas , Venezuela ) is a model and beauty pageant titleholder who won the titles of Miss Venezuela 2007 and Miss Universe 2008 .

set: Dayana Sabrina Mendoza Moncada ( born June 1 , 1986 in Caracas , Venezuela ) is a model and beauty pageant titleholder .


set: In it , she was quoted as saying , '' ( Guantanamo ) was such a relaxing place , so calm and beautiful '' .

set: In it , she was quoted as saying , `` Guantanamo was such a relaxing place , so calm and beautiful '' .


set: The site also includes links to a discussion forum and blog .

set: It has a website which contains a forum , a blog and a calendar of events .


set: Heart is an American rock band that first found success in Canada and later in the United States and worldwide .

set: Heart is rock band which started in Seattle in the 1960s .


set: In 1999 Nancy released a solo album , Live at McCabe 's Guitar Shop .

set: Bad Animals is also the name of an album they made in 1987 In 1999 , Nancy made a solo album called `` Live at McCabes Guitar Shop '' .


set: In May 2010 there was a reunion of former male members of the band , including Roger Fisher and Steve Fossen ; they performed at the Synergia Northwest concert in Tacoma , Washington .

set: Roger Fisher and Steve Fossen left the band .


set: The group was also disparagingly called Newmanites ( pre-1845 ) and Puseyites ( post-1845 ) after two prominent Tractarians , John Henry Newman and Edward Bouverie Pusey .

set: Members of this movement were known as ` Tractarians ' ( from Tracts for the Times , a collection of books , pamphlets and essays that described their beliefs ) ; opponents of the movement called them Newmanites ( before 1845 ) and Puseyites ( from 1845 ) , after John Henry Newman and Edward Bouverie Pusey , two leading Tractarians .


set: Super Size Me is a 2004 American documentary film directed by and starring Morgan Spurlock , an American independent filmmaker .

set: Super Size Me is a 2004 American documentary movie directed by and starring Morgan Spurlock .


set: It was later republished in 1958 as the first book of T. H. White 's tetralogy The Once and Future King .

set: It was then later republished in 1958 as the first book of T. H. White 's tetralogy The Once and Future King .


set: The 18th film in the Walt Disney Animated Classics series , it was the final Disney animated film released before Walt Disney 's death .

set: It was the last Disney animated movie released before Walt Disney 's death .


set: The film is based on the novel of the same name , first published in 1938 as a single novel .

set: The novel was at first published in 1938 as a single novel .


set: The film received an Academy Award nomination for Best Score-Adaptation or Treatment in 1963 , but lost against Irma La Douce .

set: The movie received an Academy Award nomination for Best Score-Adaptation or Treatment in 1963 .


set: The Sword in the Stone is a 1963 American animated musical fantasy comedy film produced by Walt Disney and originally released to theaters on December 25 , 1963 by Buena Vista Distribution .

set: The Sword in the Stone is a 1963 American animated fantasy comedy movie .


set: In 2007 she became the presenter of ITV 's coverage of the British Touring Car Championship alongside Ted Kravitz .

set: In 2007 , she became the presenter of ITV 's coverage of the British Touring Car Championship .


set: The kernel is a fundamental part of a modern computer 's operating system .

set: A kernel is the central part of an operating system .


set: The fossil record of the group extends back into the Cambrian , with fossils of both barnacles and tongue worms known from that period .

set: The fossil record of the group extends back into the Cambrian , with fossils of barnacles and tongue worms known from that period .


set: Six subclasses are generally recognized , although many works have further included the ostracods among the Maxillopoda .

set: Six subclasses are generally recognized , although many works have included the ostracods among the Maxillopoda .


set: Maxillopoda is a diverse class of crustaceans including barnacles , copepods and a number of related animals .

set: Maxillopoda is a diverse class of crustaceans which includes the barnacles , copepods and a number of related animals .


set: They often have short bodies , with the abdomen reduced in size , and generally lacking any appendages .

set: They often have short bodies , with the abdomen reduced in size , and generally lacking any appendages This may have arisen through paedomorphosis .


set: They have a bauplan comprising 5 cephalic segments , 6 thoracic segments and 4 abdominal segments , followed by a telson .

set: Their bodyplan has 5 head segments , 6 thoracic segments and 4 abdominal segments , followed by a telson ( tailpiece ) .


set: Prince Klemens Wenzel von Metternich ( full name German : Klemens Wenzel Nepomuk Lothar , Fürst von Metternich-Winneburg zu Beilstein , anglicised as Clement Wenceslas Lothar von Metternich-Winneburg-Beilstein ; 15 May 1773 - 11 June 1859 ) was a politician and statesman of Rhenish extraction and one of the most important diplomats of his era , serving as the Foreign Minister of the Austrian Empire from 1809 until the liberal revolutions of 1848 forced his resignation .

set: Klemens Wenzel , Prince von Metternich ( German : Klemens Wenzel Nepomuk Lothar , Fürst von Metternich-Winneburg zu Beilstein ) ( May 15 , 1773 - June 11 , 1859 ) was an Austrian politician .


set: Ball was born to Henry Durrell Ball ( September 16 , 1887 - April 26 , 1915 ) and Desiree `` DeDe '' Evelyn Hunt ( September 21 , 1892 - July 20 , 1977 ) in Jamestown , New York .

set: Ball was born to Henry Durrell Ball ( September 16 , 1887 - February 19 , 1915 ) and Desiree `` DeDe '' Evelyn Hunt ( September 21 , 1892 - July 20 , 1977 ) in Jamestown , New York .


set: At the time of her death , she had been married to her second husband and business partner , standup comedian Gary Morton , for more than 27 years .

set: At the time of her death she was married to her second husband and business partner , standup comedian Gary Morton .


set: She was the recipient of the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award in 1979 , the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Kennedy Center Honors in 1986 , and the Governors Award from the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences in 1989 .

set: She was given the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award in 1979 , the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Kennedy Center Honors in 1986 , and the Governors Award from the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences in 1989 .


set: Lucille Désirée Ball ( August 6 , 1911 - April 26 , 1989 ) was an American comedienne , model , film and television actress and studio executive .

set: Lucille Désirée Ball ( August 6 , 1911 - April 26 , 1989 ) was an American comedian , model , movie and television actress and studio executive .


set: On July 17 , 1951 , at almost 40 years of age , Ball gave birth to their first child , Lucie Désirée Arnaz .

set: On July 17 , 1951 , she gave birth to their first child , Lucie Désirée Arnaz .


set: Ball was nominated for an Emmy Award thirteen times , and won four times .

set: Ball was nominated for an Emmy Award thirteen times .


set: Ball and Arnaz divorced on May 4 , 1960 .


set: On April 26 , 1989 , Ball died of a dissecting aortic aneurysm at age 77 .

set: On 26 April 1989 , Ball died of an aortic aneurysm at age 77 .


set: Ball had one of Hollywood 's longest careers .

set: She also had one of Hollywood 's longest careers .


set: In 1962 , Ball became the first woman to run a major television studio , Desilu , which produced many successful and popular television series such as `` Mission Impossible '' and `` Star Trek '' .

set: In 1962 , Ball became the first woman to run a major television studio , Desilu .


set: She was star of the sitcoms I Love Lucy , The Lucy-Desi Comedy Hour , The Lucy Show , Here 's Lucy and Life with Lucy , and was one of the most popular and influential stars in the United States during her lifetime .

set: She was the star of the sitcoms I Love Lucy , The Lucy-Desi Comedy Hour , The Lucy Show , Here 's Lucy and Life With Lucy .


set: She continued making films in the 1960s and 1970s .

set: She was still making movies in the 1960s and 1970s .


set: In 1951 , Ball was instrumental in the creation of the television series I Love Lucy .

set: In 1951 , Ball was important in the creation of the television series I Love Lucy .


set: Ball was dubbed the `` Queen of the Bs '' ( referring to her many roles in B-films ) .

set: Ball was named the `` Queen of the Bs '' .


set: In 1977 , Ball was among the first recipients of the Women in Film Crystal Award .

set: In 1977 Ball was one of the first people to be given the Women in Film Crystal Award .


set: Ball met and eloped with Cuban bandleader Desi Arnaz in 1940 .

set: Ball met and married ( Cuban band leader Desi Arnaz in 1940 .


set: In 1929 , Ball landed work as a model and later began her performing career on Broadway using the stage name `` Diane Belmont '' .

set: She later began her performing career on Broadway using the stage name Diane Belmont .


set: She assumed many small movie roles in the 1930s as a contract player for RKO Radio Pictures .

set: She worked for RKO Radio Pictures at the time .


set: Ball went on to star in two more successful television series : The Lucy Show , which ran on CBS from 1962 to 1968 ( 156 Episodes ) , and Here 's Lucy from 1968 to 1974 ( 144 episodes ) .

set: It was shown on CBS from 1962 to 1968 ( 156 episodes ) .


set: Her last attempt at a television series was a 1986 show called Life with Lucy - which failed after eight episodes aired , although 13 were produced .


set: After her father died , Ball and her brother Fred Henry Ball ( July 17 , 1915 - February 5 , 2007 ) were raised by her mother and grandparents in Celoron , New York a summer resort village on Lake Chautauqua just west of Jamestown .

set: She had a brother Fred Henry Ball ( July 17 , 1915 - February 5 , 2007 ) .


set: The anchovy is a significant food source for almost every predatory fish in its environment , including the California halibut , rock fish , yellowtail , shark , chinook , and coho salmon .

set: The anchovy is a good food source for almost every predatory fish in its environment , including the California halibut , rock fish , yellowtail , sharks , chinook , and coho salmon .


set: Anchovies are a family ( Engraulidae ) of small , common salt-water forage fish .

set: The anchovies are a family ( Engraulidae ) of small but common schooling saltwater plankton-feeding fish .


set: The snout is blunt with tiny , sharp teeth in both jaws .

set: The snout is blunt with small , sharp teeth in both jaws .


set: Anchovies are found in scattered areas throughout the world 's oceans , but are concentrated in temperate waters , and are rare or absent in very cold or very warm seas .

set: Anchovies are concentrated in temperate waters , and are rare or absent in very cold or very warm seas .


set: It is also extremely important to marine mammals and birds ; for example , breeding success of California brown pelicans and elegant terns is strongly connected to anchovy abundance .

set: It is also extremely important to marine mammals and birds ; for example , California brown pelicans and elegant terns .


set: Anchovies are small , green fish with blue reflections due to a silver-colored longitudinal stripe that runs from the base of the caudal fin .

set: The anchovy is a small green fish with blue reflections .


set: The mouth is larger than that of herrings and silversides , two fish which anchovies closely resemble in other respects .

set: The mouth is larger than those of herrings and silversides , two fish which they closely resemble .


set: The anchovy appears to spawn at least 100 km ( 62 mi ) from the shore , near the surface of the water .

set: Spawning occurs between October and March , but not in water colder than 12 ° C . The anchovy appears to spawn 100 kilometers from the shore , near the surface of the water .


set: , November 18 , 709 - January 11 , 782 ) was the 49th emperor of Japan , according to the traditional order of succession .

set: , 18 November 709 - 11 January 782 ) was the 49th emperor of Japan , according to the traditional order of succession .


set: Emperor Kōnin is traditionally venerated at his tomb ; the Imperial Household Agency designates Tahara no Higashi no Misasagi ( 田原東陵 ?

set: Emperor Kōnin is traditionally venerated at his tomb ; the Imperial Household Agency designates Tahara no Higashi no Misasagi in Nara as the location of Kōnin 's mausoleum .


set: Kōnin 's reign started in 770 and ended in 781 .


set: Corporal is a military rank in use in some form by most militaries and by some police forces or other uniformed organizations .

set: It is also used by some police forces or other uniformed organizations .


set: Corporal is an Army and Air Force non-commissioned member rank of the Canadian Forces .

set: Corporal is a military rank that is used by most militaries .


set: However , in the United States Army , the rank of corporal is rarely used , as the Table of Organization & Equipment ( TO&E ) rank of a fire team leader is sergeant and that of squad leader is staff sergeant .

set: In the United States Army a Corporal is usually a fire team leader or second-in-command of a squad of soldiers .


set: Marine infantry corporals generally serve as `` fire-team leaders , '' leading a 4-man team or weapons crew of similar size ( e.g. , assault weapons squad , medium machine gun team , or LWCMS mortar squad ) .

set: In the United States Marine Corps , Corporal is the rank for a team leader of a squad , machine gun team or the equivalent .


set: In recent years Jacmel has been host to a large film festival , the ` Festival Film Jakmèl ' , started in 2004 , and in 2007 the international music festival ` Festival Mizik Jakmèl ' was successfully launched .

set: Since 2004 , the ` Festival Film Jakmèl ' is celebrated in Jacmel and , since 2007 , the international music festival ` Festival Mizik Jakmèl ' .


set: On August 31 , 1969 , on the eve of his 46th birthday , Marciano was a passenger in a small private plane , a Cessna 172 headed to Des Moines , Iowa .

set: In 1969 , on the eve of his 46th birthday , Marciano was a passenger in a small private plane , a Cessna 172 , headed to Des Moines , Iowa .


set: Marciano was named fighter of the year by Ring three times .

set: Marciano was named fighter of the year by Ring Magazine three times .


set: After only a month of training in nearly four years , Marciano decided against it and never seriously considered a comeback again .

set: After a period in training and thinking about a comeback , Marciano decided against it and never seriously considered a comeback again .


set: Marciano announced his retirement on April 27 , 1956 , aged 32 .

set: Marciano announced his retirement in a press conference on April 27 , 1956 .


set: Marciano knocked him out in the ninth round .

set: Marciano was knocked down in the fight , but he got up and knocked out Moore in the 9th round .


set: Belz tried to set the plane down at a small airfield outside Newton , Iowa , but hit a tree two miles short of the runway .

set: The pilot tried to land the plane on a small airfield outside Newton , Iowa , but the plane hit a tree two miles short of the runway .


set: His wife , who died five years after him at the age of 46 , is entombed next to him .

set: His widow , who died exactly five years after him at the age of 46 , is entombed next to him .


set: Marciano 's last title bout was against 38-year-old Archie Moore , on September 21 , 1955 .

set: Marciano 's last title fight was against Archie Moore on September 21 , 1955 .


set: Rocky Marciano ( born Rocco Francis Marchegiano ; September 1 , 1923 - August 31 , 1969 ) was an American professional boxer and the World Heavyweight Champion from September 23 , 1952 , to April 27 , 1956 .

set: Rocco Francis Marchegiano , better known as Rocky Marciano ( September 1 , 1923 - August 31 , 1969 ) , was an American boxer .


set: He is interred in a crypt at Forest Lawn Memorial Cemetery in Fort Lauderdale , Florida .

set: He is entombed in a crypt at Forest Lawn Memorial Cemetery in Fort Lauderdale , Florida .


set: Before becoming a professional fighter , Marciano had an amateur record of 11-3 .


set: Marciano , 29 , faced the World Heavyweight Champion , 38-year-old Jersey Joe Walcott , in Philadelphia on September 23 , 1952 .

set: He won the championship from Jersey Joe Walcott on September 23 , 1952 .


set: It was at night and bad weather had set in .

set: It was at night and bad weather set in .


set: James Blake Litherland ( born 26 September 1988 ) , known as James Blake , is an English electronic music producer and singer-songwriter from London .

set: James Blake Litherland ( born 26 September 1988 ) , known as James Blake , is an English singer-songwriter and electronic music producer .


set: Blake revealed in late December 2010 that his album would be self-titled , and the 11-track James Blake was released on 7 February 2011 .

set: Blake released his first album James Blake on 4 February 2011 .


set: Blake announced via Facebook on 7 February 2013 that his second album , Overgrown , would be released on 8 April .

set: On 5 April 2013 , Blake released his second album Overgrown .


set: His eponymous debut album was released in the United Kingdom in 2011 and nominated for the Mercury Music Prize for that year .

set: It was nominated for the Mercury Prize .


set: San Nicolas was originally the home of the Nicoleño people , who were probably related to the Tongva of the mainland and Santa Catalina Island .

set: San Nicolas was once the home of the Nicoleño people , who were probably related to the Tongva of the mainland and Santa Catalina Island .


set: It was named for Saint Nicholas by Spanish explorer Sebastián Vizcaíno after he sighted the island on the saint 's feast day ( December 6 ) in 1602 .

set: It was named for Saint Nicholas by Spanish sailor Sebastián Vizcaíno after he saw the island on the saint 's feast day ( December 6 ) in 1602 .


set: The 14,562 acre ( 58.93 km ² or 22.753 sq mi ) island is currently controlled by the United States Navy and is used as a weapons testing and training facility , served by Naval Outlying Field San Nicolas Island .

set: The 14,562 acre ( 58.93 km ² or 22.753 sq mi ) island is used by the United States Navy for a weapons testing and training .


set: The island has a small airport and several buildings , including telemetry reception antennas .

set: The island has a small airport and several buildings .


set: San Nicolas Island is the most remote of California 's Channel Islands .

set: San Nicolas Island is the most farthest from shore of California 's Channel Islands .


set: She resided on the island alone for 18 years before she was found by Captain George Nidever and his crew in 1853 and brought back to Santa Barbara .

set: She lived on the island alone for 18 years before she was found and brought back to Santa Barbara in 1853 .


set: The most famous resident of San Nicolas Island was the `` Lone Woman of San Nicolas Island '' , christened Juana Maria ; her birth name was never known to anyone on the mainland .

set: The most famous person from San Nicolas Island was the `` Lone Woman of San Nicolas Island '' .


set: She was left behind ( explanations for this vary ) when the rest of the Nicoleños ( Ghalas-at ) were moved to the mainland .

set: She was left on the island in 1835 when the rest of the Nicoleños were moved to the missions .


set: Between 1957 and 1973 , and in 2004 and 2010 , U.S. military research rockets were launched from San Nicolas Island .

set: From 1957 and 1973 , and in 2004 , U.S. roc kets were launched from San Nicolas Island .


set: From the 1950s to 1970s , however , numerous fossil finds from East Africa yielded evidence that the oldest hominins originated there .

set: But during the 1950s and 1970s , many fossil finds from East Africa ( Kenya ) showed that the oldest hominins came from there .


set: It was the tallest building in the world from 1908 to 1909 .

set: The Singer Building was the tallest building in the world from 1908 to 1909 .


set: When it was demolished , it was the tallest building ever to be demolished , and is still the third-tallest building ever to be demolished ( after the World Trade Center towers ) and the tallest to be purposely demolished by its owner .

set: The Singer Building was the tallest building ever demolished by a company .


set: Chun was sentenced to death in 1996 for his role in the Gwangju Massacre , but later pardoned by President Kim Young-sam with the advice of then President-elect Kim Dae-jung , whom Chun 's administration had sentenced to death some 20 years earlier .

set: Chun was later pardoned by President Kim Young-sam with the advice of then President-elect Kim Dae-jung , who had sentenced to death by Chun some 20 years earlier .


set: Chun Doo-hwan ( Korean pronunciation : ( tɕʌnduhwan ) born 18 January 1931 ) is a ROK Army general who served as the leader of South Korea from 1979 to 1988 , ruling as an unelected military strongman from December 1979 to September 1980 , and the fifth President of South Korea from 1980 to 1988 .

set: Chun Doo-hwan ( born 18 January 1931 ) was a Korean military officer and the President of South Korea from 1980 to 1988 .


set: In June 1980 , Chun ordered the National Assembly to be dissolved .

set: On 17 May 1980 , Chun placed the entire country under martial law and disbanded the National Assembly .


set: On 12 December 1979 , Chun ordered the arrest of Army Chief of Staff Jeong Seung-hwa on charges of conspiring with Kim Jae-kyu to assassinate the President .

set: On 12 December 1979 , in what became known as the Incident of December 12th , Chun ordered the arrest of Army Chief of Staff General Chung Sung Hwa ( 정승화 , 鄭昇和 ) without authorization from then-President Choi Kyu-ha .


set: In the aftermath of the Reichstag fire , Hitler created a totalitarian single-party state led by the Nazis .

set: After the Reichstag fire , Hitler created a totalitarian state , where there is only one party by law .


set: The blitzkrieg phase of the war in Europe had ended .

set: This marked the end of the blitzkrieg stage of the war .


set: The resulting Winter War ended in March 1940 with Finnish concessions .

set: The war ended in March 1940 with a peace treaty .


set: The Netherlands and Belgium were overrun using blitzkrieg tactics in a few days and weeks , respectively .

set: On May 10 , Germany invaded France , Belgium , Holland and Luxembourg and quickly won by using blitzkrieg tactics .


set: In June 1941 , the European Axis powers launched an invasion of the Soviet Union , giving a start to the largest land theater of war in history , which tied down the major part of the Axis ' military forces for the rest of the war .

set: In June 1941 , the Axis Powers invaded the Soviet Union , starting the largest theater of war in history .


set: Following the Potsdam Declaration by the Allies on 26 July 1945 , the United States dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on 6 August and 9 August respectively .

set: The United States then dropped two atomic bombs over Hiroshima ( August 6 ) and Nagasaki ( August 9 ) .


set: The Soviets decided to make their stand at Stalingrad , which was in the path of the advancing German armies .

set: Stalingrad was in the path of the Axis army , and the Soviets decided to defend the city .


set: In July , the UK and the Soviet Union formed a military alliance against Germany The British and Soviets invaded Iran to secure the Persian Corridor and Iran 's oil fields .

set: Britain and the Soviet Union formed a military alliance between them in July .


set: After signing the German-Soviet treaty governing Lithuania , the Soviet Union forced the Baltic countries to allow it to station Soviet troops in their countries under pacts of `` mutual assistance . ''

set: After that , the Soviet Union forced the Baltic countries to allow it to keep Soviet soldiers in their countries .


set: On 3 September France and United Kingdom ; followed by the fully independent Dominions of the British Commonwealth , - Australia , Canada , New Zealand and South Africa - declared war on Germany .

set: On September 3 , Britain and France , followed by the Commonwealth , declared war on Germany .


set: In August 1939 , Germany and the Soviet Union signed the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact , a non-aggression treaty with a secret protocol .

set: Just before the war , Germany and the Soviet Union signed Molotov-Ribbentrop pact , agreeing that they would not attack each other for ten years .


set: In December 1941 , Japan joined the Axis , attacked the United States and European territories in the Pacific Ocean , and quickly conquered much of the Western Pacific .

set: In December 1941 , Japan attacked Western colonies in the Pacific .


set: The great powers that were the victors of the war-the United States , the Soviet Union , China , the United Kingdom , and France-became the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council .

set: This event led the United States , United Kingdom , Australia , Western Allies and China to declare war on Japan , while the Soviet Union remained neutral .


set: An Axis offensive in Libya forced an Allied retreat deep inside Egypt until Axis forces were stopped at El Alamein .

set: However , the Axis pushed the Allies back again until stopped at El Alamein .


set: At the end of September 1940 , the Tripartite Pact united Japan , Italy and Germany to formalise the Axis Powers .

set: Germany made the Axis Powers formal alliance in September 1940 with Tripartite Pact .


set: The two nations then fought several battles , in Shanghai , Rehe and Hebei , until the Tanggu Truce was signed in 1933 .

set: The Tanggu Truce , a ceasefire , was signed in 1933 .


set: Finland rejected territorial demands and was invaded by the Soviet Union in November 1939 .

set: Finland did not accept the Soviet call for its land , so it was attacked in November 1939 .


set: Japan planned to rapidly seize European colonies in Asia to create a large defensive perimeter stretching into the Central Pacific ; the Japanese would then be free to exploit the resources of Southeast Asia while exhausting the over-stretched Allies by fighting a defensive war .

set: Japan planned to take over European colonies in Asia to create a great defensive area in the Pacific which would let it free to get resources .


set: It involved the vast majority of the world 's nations-including all of the great powers-eventually forming two opposing military alliances : the Allies and the Axis .

set: Most of the world 's countries , including all of the great powers , fought as part of two military alliances : the Allies and the Axis .


set: The start of the war is generally held to be 1 September 1939 , beginning with the German invasion of Poland ; Britain and France declared war on Germany two days later .

set: The start of the war is usually said to be the Invasion of Poland on September 1 , 1939 , but some sources count the Japanese invasion of China on July 7 , 1937 , as the start .


set: A Prayer Under Pressure of Violent Anguish was released in September 2000 .

set: In 2000 the band 's second album A Prayer Under Pressure of Violent Anguish was released .


set: My Ruin was founded by frontwoman Tairrie B in February 1999 , shortly after her previous outfit , Tura Satana , disbanded in late 1998 after the release of their 2nd studio album Relief Through Release .

set: My Ruin was started by Tairrie B in February 1999 .


set: Ernie is a fictional character , a Muppet on the long-running PBS children 's television show , Sesame Street .


set: He filmed and has an incredible archive about well known Armenians , including the only film footage on Hovhannes Shiraz , incredible footage on Charles Aznavour visiting Armenia after the 1988 earthquake , the funeral of William Saroyan ( 1908-1981 ) .

set: He filmed and has an incredible archive about well known Armenians , including the only film footage on Hovhannes Shiraz , incredible footage on Charles Aznavour visiting Armenia after the 1988 earthquake , the funeral of William Saroyan .


set: The narration of the film is going to be offered to Al Pacino .

set: The narration of the movie is going to be offered to Al Pacino .


set: In 1978 , he released his debut short film The Muses .

set: In 1978 , he released his debut short movie The Muses .


set: `` Hayk '' Armenian Studios of Motion Pictures is currently working on a documentary about William Saroyan , dedicated to the renowned Armenian American writer 's 100th Anniversary .

set: `` Hayk '' Studio of Documental movies is currently working on a documentary about William Saroyan , dedicated to the renowned Armenian American writer 's 100th Anniversary .


set: `` Hayk '' Armenian Studios of Motion Pictures will collaborate with producers in the United States , to bring this exceptional project to life .

set: `` Hayk '' Studio of Documental movies will collaborate with producers in the United States , to bring this exceptional project to life .


set: The director of the film is Levon Mkrtchyan , an accomplished and famous Armenian film director who is known for his biographical documentaries about people who have had a great impact in the history of the Armenian nation ( Charles Aznavour-Armenia 1989 , Hovhannes Shiraz , Jansem , Matyan Ankakhutyan ) .

set: The director of the movie is Levon Mkrtchyan , an accomplished and famous Armenian movie director who is known for his biographical documentaries about people who have had a great impact in the history of the Armenian nation ( Jansem , Hovhannes Shiraz , Davit Anhaght , My Komitas ) .


set: Levon Mkrtchyan continues his contribution to the Armenian people by making more documentaries about the well known Armenians .1993 The Armenian Kingdom of Kilikia Footage includes the President of France - Francois Mitterand The President of Armenia - Levon Ter-Petrosyan .


set: Some contemporary artists are also experimenting with impossible figures , for example , Jos de Mey , Shigeo Fukuda , Sandro del Prete , István Orosz ( Utisz ) , Guido Moretti , Tamás F. Farkas and Mathieu Hamaekers .

set: Some artists of the time are also experimenting with impossible figures , for example , Jos de Mey , Shigeo Fukuda , Sandro del Prete , István Orosz ( Utisz ) , Guido Moretti , Tamás F. Farkas and Mathieu Hamaekers .


set: In 1956 , British psychiatrist Lionel Penrose and his son , mathematician Roger Penrose , submitted a short article to the British Journal of Psychology titled `` Impossible Objects : A Special Type of Visual Illusion '' .

set: In 1956 , British psychiatrist Lionel Penrose and his son , mathematician Roger Penrose , submitted a short article to the British Journal of Psychology titled Impossible Objects : A Special Type of Visual Illusion .


set: The article was only published in 1958 .


set: An impossible object ( also known as an impossible figure or an undecidable figure ) is a type of optical illusion .

set: Impossible objects are also known as impossible figure or undecidable figure .


set: Impossible objects are of interest to psychologists , mathematicians and artists without falling entirely into any one discipline .

set: Impossible objects are of interest to psychologists , mathematicians and artists .


set: Swedish artist Oscar Reutersvärd was one of the first to deliberately design many impossible objects .

set: Notable undecidable figures include : Swedish artist Oscar Reutersvärd was the first to deliberately design many impossible objects .


set: The article referred to Escher , whose work had sparked their interest in the subject , but not Reutersvärd , of whom they were unaware .

set: The article referenced Escher , whose work had sparked their interest in the subject , but not Reutersvärd , whom they were unaware of .


set: From the 1930s onwards Dutch artist M.C. Escher produced many drawings featuring paradoxes of perspective gradually working towards impossible objects '' .

set: From the 1930s onwards Dutch artist M. C. Escher produced many drawings with paradoxes of perspective .


set: He produced many further drawings featuring impossible objects , sometimes with the entire drawing being an impossible object .

set: He produced many other drawings of impossible objects , sometimes with the entire drawing being an undecidable figure .


set: However , the initial impression of a 3D object remains even after it has been contradicted .

set: The impression of a 3D figure may still remain even after there was the contradiction .


set: It consists of a two-dimensional figure which is instantly and subconsciously interpreted by the visual system as representing a projection of a three-dimensional object .

set: The visual system and the brain subconsciously interpret it as a projection of a three-dimensional object .


set: The universe 's first stars were massive , ionizing hydrogen in the surrounding environment ( Trenti ) .

set: The universe 's first stars were massive , ionizing hydrogen in the surrounding environment .


set: YD3 ) is thought to be the first galaxy observed in the reionization epoch .

set: YD3 ) is probably the first galaxy seen in the reionization epoch .


set: Michele Trenti , an astronomer who was not involved in the study but provided commentary published with the report , says that the discovery of the distant galaxy represents a Scientists hope to find older galaxies ; however , closer to the Big Bang , fewer exist and they are dimmer on average .

set: Michele Trenti , an astronomer who was not involved in the study but provided commentary published with the report , says that the discovery of the distant galaxy is `` a fundamental leap forward in observational cosmology '' .


set: But others think this object can be located at z 6.9-7 .2 The galaxy is located in the constellation Fornax , and is estimated to have contained roughly a billion stars , although it was only at most one tenth of the diameter of our own galaxy , the Milky Way , and had less than 1 % of the mass of the Milky Way 's stars .

set: The galaxy is in the constellation Fornax , and it is estimated that the galaxy contains a billion stars .


set: Coordinates : 3h 32m 38.13 s , − 27 ° 45 ′ 53.9 ″ UDFy-38135539 ( also known as `` HUDF .


set: St. Barts is considered a playground of the rich and famous , especially as a winter haven , and is known for its beaches , gourmet dining and high-end designers .

set: St. Barts has long been considered a playground of the rich and famous and is known for its beautiful pristine beaches , gourmet dining in chic bistros and high-end designer shopping .


set: Saint Barthélemy ( French : Saint-Barthélemy , French pronunciation : ( sɛ̃baʁtelemi ) ) , officially the Territorial collectivity of Saint Barthélemy ( French : Collectivité territoriale de Saint-Barthélemy ) , is an overseas collectivity of France .

set: Saint-Barthélemy , officially the Collectivity of Saint-Barthélemy ( French : Collectivité de Saint-Barthélemy ) , is a new overseas collectivity of France .


set: The Congress of Vienna was a conference of ambassadors of European states chaired by Austrian statesman Klemens Wenzel von Metternich , and held in Vienna from September 1814 to June 1815 .

set: The chairman was the Austrian statesman Klemens Wenzel von Metternich .


set: It was a small fishing village before it was settled by a number of Garifuna emigrants from Honduras in 1823 .

set: It was a small fishing village before being settled by a number of Garifuna who came from Honduras in 1823 .


set: The Commonwealth , or Commonwealth of England , was the period from 1649 onwards when England , along later with Ireland and Scotland , was ruled as a republic following the end of the Second English Civil War and the trial and execution of Charles I . The republic 's existence was initially declared through `` An Act declaring England to be a Commonwealth '' , adopted by the Rump Parliament on 19 May 1649 .

set: After the execution of Charles I on January 30 , 1649 , the Commonwealth was declared ( An Act declaring England to be a Commonwealth ) by the Rump Parliament on May 19 , 1649 .


set: Then world middleweight champion Sugar Ray Robinson traveled to London and , on 10 July 1951 , risked his title against Turpin , who won the world title by beating Robinson on a 15-round decision .

set: In 1951 , Sugar Ray Robinson traveled to England and gave Turpin an opportunity to fight for his middleweight championship .


set: Hurwicz received six honorary doctorates , from Northwestern University ( 1980 ) , the University of Chicago ( 1993 ) , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona ( 1989 ) , Keio University ( 1993 ) , Warsaw School of Economics ( 1994 ) and Universität Bielefeld ( 2004 ) .

set: Hurwicz has received six honorary doctorates ( PhD ) , from Northwestern University ( 1980 ) , the University of Chicago ( 1993 ) , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona ( 1989 ) , Keio University ( 1993 ) , Warsaw School of Economics ( 1994 ) and Universität Bielefeld ( 2004 ) .


set: He was a member of the American Academy of Independent Scholars ( 1979 ) and a Distinguished Scholar of the California Institute of Technology ( 1984 ) .

set: He is a member of the American Academy of Independent Scholars ( 1979 ) and a Distinguished Scholar of the California Institute of Technology ( 1984 ) .


set: From 1942 to 1944 , at the University of Chicago , he was a member of the faculty of the Institute of Meteorology and taught statistics in the Department of Economics .

set: Then from 1942 to 1944 , at the University of Chicago , he was a member of the faculty of the Institute of Meteorology and taught statistics in the Department of Economics .


set: He was an honorary visiting professor of the Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Economics ( 1984 ) .

set: He is an honorary visiting professor of the Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Economics ( 1984 ) .


set: Hurwicz shared the 2007 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with Eric Maskin and Roger Myerson for their work on mechanism design .

set: Hurwicz shared the 2007 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with Eric Maskin and Roger Myerson for their work on ways mechanism design .


set: Although he retired from full-time teaching in 1988 , Hurwicz taught graduate school as professor emeritus most recently in the fall of 2006 .

set: Although he retired from full time teaching in 1988 , Hurwicz taught graduate school as Professor Emeritus in the autumn of 2006 .


set: During a telephone interview , a representative of the Nobel Foundation told Hurwicz and his wife that Hurwicz was the oldest person to win the Nobel Prize .

set: During a telephone interview , a member of the Nobel Foundation told Hurwicz and his wife that Hurwicz is the oldest person ever to win the Nobel Prize .


set: His most recent articles were published in the journals `` Economic Theory '' ( 2003 , with Thomas Marschak ) , `` Review of Economic Design '' ( 2001 , with Stanley Reiter ) and `` Advances in Mathematical Economics '' ( 2003 , with Marcel K. Richter ) .

set: His recent journals include `` Economic Theory '' ( 2003 , with Thomas Marschak ) , `` Review of Economic Design '' ( 2001 , with Stanley Reiter ) and `` Advances in Mathematical Economics '' ( 2003 , with Marcel K. Richter ) .


set: Back at Minnesota , Hurwicz became chairman of the Statistics Department in 1961 , Regents Professor of Economics in 1969 , and Curtis L. Carlson Regents Professor of Economics in 1989 .

set: In the University of Minnesota in 1961 , Hurwicz became chairman of the Statistics Department , Regents Professor of Economics in 1969 , and Curtis L. Carlson Regents Professor of Economics in 1989 .


set: Hurwicz received a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1945-1946 .

set: Hurwicz received a Guggenheim Fellowship for 1945-1946 .


set: The Leonid Hurwicz Distinguished Lecture is given to the Minnesota Economic Association ( as is the Heller lecture ) .

set: The Leonid Hurwicz Distinguished Lecture is given to the Minnesota Economic Association .


set: They had four children : Sarah , Michael , Ruth and Maxim .

set: They have four children called Sarah , Michael , Ruth and Maxim .


set: In 1946 he became an associate professor of economics at Iowa State College .

set: In 1946 he became a professor of economics at Iowa State College .


set: In 2007 he said , `` Whatever economics I learned I learned by listening and learning . ''

set: He said , `` Whatever economics I learned , I learned by listening and learning . ''


set: He taught subjects ranging from theory to welfare economics , public economics , mechanisms and institutions and mathematical economics .

set: He taught subjects ranging from theory to welfare economics , public economics , rules for large companies and mathematical economics .


set: John Ledyard ( 2007 ) , Robert Lucas , Roger Myerson , Edward C. Prescott , James Quirk , Nancy Stokey and Neil Wallace are among those who have delivered the lecture since it was inaugurated in 1992 .

set: John Ledyard ( 2007 ) , Robert Lucas , Roger Myerson , Edward C. Prescott , James Quirk , Nancy Stokey and Neil Wallace are some of the people who have given the lecture since it was thought to be important in 1992 .


set: Mechanism design has been used to model negotiations and taxation , voting and elections , to design auctions such as those for communications bandwidth , elections and labor talks and for pricing stock options .

set: Mechanism design has been used as a guide for talks and taxation , voting and elections , to design auctions such as those for communications bandwidth , elections and labor talks and for pricing business stocks .


set: Immediately following a live broadcast of the Nobel Prize awards ceremony , Jonas Hafstrom , Swedish ambassador to the United States , personally awarded the Economics Prize to Professor Hurwicz .

set: After watching the Nobel Prize awards ceremony on television , Jonas Hafstrom , the Swedish ambassador to the United States , awarded the Economics Prize to Professor Hurwicz .


set: From January 1942 until June 1946 , he was a research associate for the Cowles Commission .

set: From January 1942 until June 1946 , he was a researcher for the Cowles Commission .


set: In October 2007 , Hurwicz shared the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with Eric Maskin of the Institute for Advanced Study and Roger Myerson of the University of Chicago `` for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory . ''

set: In October 2007 , Hurwicz shared The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel with Eric Maskin of the Institute for Advanced Study and Roger Myerson of the University of Chicago `` for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory . ''


set: The theory of incentive compatibility that Hurwicz developed changed the way many economists thought about outcomes , explaining why centrally planned economies may fail and how incentives for individuals make a difference in decision making .

set: The theory of incentive compatibility that Hurwicz developed changed the way many economists think about sharing in the future , explaining why centrally planned economies may fail and how rewards for certain people make a difference when making decisions .


set: He then studied at the London School of Economics with Nicholas Kaldor and Friedrich Hayek .

set: He enjoyed studying in economics class and went to the London School of Economics with Nicholas Kaldor and Friedrich Hayek .


set: These four approaches - Laplace , Wald , Hurwicz and Savage - have been studied , corrected and applied for over fifty years by many different people including John Milnor , G. L. S. Shackle , Daniel Ellsberg , R. Duncan Luce and Howard Raiffa , in a field some date back to Jacob Bernoulli .

set: The four peoples work - Laplace , Wald , Hurwicz and Savage - that the Hurwicz Criterion has been based on was studied , corrected and used for over fifty years by many different people including John Milnor , G. L. S. Shackle , Daniel Ellsberg , R. Duncan Luce and Howard Raiffa , but some people say the work was started by Jacob Bernoulli .


set: After moving to the United States he continued his studies at Harvard University and the University of Chicago .

set: After moving to the United States he studied more economics at Harvard University and the University of Chicago .


set: Hurwicz was recruited by Walter Heller to the University of Minnesota in 1951 , where he became a professor of economics and mathematics in the School of Business Administration .

set: Hurwicz was given a job by Walter Heller at the University of Minnesota in 1951 , where he became a professor of economics and mathematics in the School of Business Administration .


set: About 1942 his advisors were Jacob Marschak and Tjalling Koopmans at the Cowles Commission for Research in Economics at the University of Chicago , now the Cowles Foundation at Yale University .

set: His advisors in 1942 were Jacob Marschak and Tjalling Koopmans of the University of Chicago , who now work for the Cowles Foundation at Yale University .


set: When Eugene McCarthy ran for president of the United States , Hurwicz served in 1968 as a McCarthy delegate from Minnesota to the Democratic Party Convention and a member of the Democratic Party Platform Committee .

set: When Eugene McCarthy ran for president of the United States ( 1968 ) , Hurwicz was a Minnesota delegate to the Democratic Party Convention and a member of the Democratic Party Platform Committee .


set: Hurwicz was elected a fellow of the Econometric Society in 1947 and in 1969 was the society 's president .

set: Hurwicz was voted to be a fellow of the Econometric Society in 1947 and in 1969 was the Econometric Societys president .


set: When asked which of all the applications of mechanism design he was most pleased to see he said welfare economics .

set: When he was asked what the most important part of mechanism design is , he said welfare economics .


set: Unable to attend the Nobel Prize ceremony in Stockholm because of his poor health , Hurwicz received the prize in Minneapolis .

set: Professor Hurwicz was not able to attend the Nobel Prize ceremony in Stockholm because of his age , Hurwicz received the prize in Minneapolis .


set: In the 1950s , he worked with Kenneth Arrow on non-linear programming ; in 1972 Arrow became the youngest person to receive the Nobel Economics prize .

set: Kenneth Arrow became the youngest person to receive the Nobel Economics prize in 1972 .