set: In parallel to his solo albums he also sang with Anders Engbergs until 1988 .

set: In parallel to his solo albums , he also sang with Anders Engbergs until 1988 .


set: Stefan Elmgren ( born 17 May 1974 ) was the guitarist of the Swedish power metal band HammerFall from 1997 to 2008 .

set: Stefan Elmgren ( born 1974 ) was the guitarist of the Swedish power metal band HammerFall from 1997 to 2008 .


set: He quit the band in 2008 to put more energy into his career as a pilot .

set: He recently quit the band to put more energy into his career as a pilot .


set: Stefan Gierasch ( February 5 , 1926 -- September 6 , 2014 ) was an American film and television actor .

set: Stefan Gierasch ( February 5 , 1926 -- September 6 , 2014 ) was an American movie and television actor .


set: Stefan Hierländer ( born February 3 , 1991 in Villach , Carinthia ) is an Austrian professional association football player .

set: Stefan Hierländer ( born February 3 , 1991 in Villach , Carinthia ) is an Austrian footballer .


set: Stefan Kießling ( ) ( born 25 January 1984 ) is a German footballer who plays as a striker for Bayer Leverkusen .

set: Stefan Kießling ( born 25 January 1984 ) is a German football player . He plays for Bayer Leverkusen and Germany national team .


set: Stefan Reuter ( born 16 October 1966 in Dinkelsbühl ) is a German football coach and former player .

set: Stefan Reuter ( born 16 October , 1966 ) is a former German football player .


set: Stefanie Powers ( born November 2 , 1942 ) is an American actress best known for her role as Jennifer Hart in the 1980s television series `` Hart to Hart '' .

set: Stefanie Powers ( born November 2 , 1942 ) is an American actress who stars primarily in television programs . She played as Jennifer Hart in the 1980s series `` Hart to Hart '' .


set: In 2002 and 2003 Sun sang the official theme songs for Singapore 's National Day Parade : `` We Will Get There '' ( 一起走到 ) and `` One United People '' ( 全心全意 ) .

set: In 2002 and 2003 , Stefanie sang the official theme songs for Singapore 's National Day Parade : We Will Get There ( 一起走到 in Chinese ) and One United People ( 全心全意 in Chinese ) .


set: Stefanie Zweig ( 19 September 1932 -- 25 April 2014 ) was a German Jewish writer and journalist .

set: Stefanie Zweig ( 19 September 1932 -- 25 April 2014 ) was a German writer .


set: Zweig died on 25 April 2014 after a short illness .

set: Zweig died after a short illness on 25 April 2014 in Frankfurt , Hesse , Germany .


set: Stefano Tacconi ( born 13 May 1957 in Perugia ) is an Italian association football player .

set: Stefano Tacconi ( born 13 May , 1957 ) is a former Italian football player .


set: Fernández is of Ukrainian , Polish , Russian and Spanish ( Galician ) origin .

set: Fernández is of Ukrainian and Spanish ( Galician ) origin .


set: Steffen Freund ( born 19 January 1970 ) is a former German professional football player .

set: Steffen Freund ( born 19 January , 1970 ) is a former German football player .


set: Halvor Bernt Stein Grieg Halvorsen ( 19 October 1909 -- 11 November 2013 ) was a Norwegian theatre actor .

set: Halvor Bernt Stein Grieg Halvorsen ( 19 October 1909 -- 11 November 2013 ) was a Norwegian stage actor .


set: Halvorsen died of natural causes on 11 November 2013 , three weeks after his 104th birthday .

set: Halvorsen died of natural causes on 11 November 2013 in his Oslo , Norway home . He died three weeks after his 104th birthday .


set: Stein is a municipality in the district of Rheinfelden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland .

set: Stein is a municipality of the district of Rheinfelden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland .


set: Steinhausen is a city in the canton of Zug in Switzerland .

set: Steinhausen is a municipality in the canton of Zug in Switzerland .


set: Steinway & Sons , also known as Steinway , is an American and German piano company , founded in 1853 in Manhattan , New York City by German immigrant Heinrich Engelhard Steinweg ( later known as Henry E. Steinway ) .

set: Steinway & Sons , also known as Steinway , is an American and German piano company . It was founded in 1853 in Manhattan , New York City by German immigrant Heinrich Engelhard Steinweg ( later known as Henry E. Steinway ) .


set: From 1855 to 1862 Steinway pianos received 35 gold medals .

set: From 1855 to 1862 Steinway pianos got 35 gold medals .


set: Steinway is a prominent piano company , known for making pianos of high quality and for its inventions within the area of piano development .

set: Steinway is a prominent piano company , known for making pianos of high quality and for its inventions within piano development .


set: One of the first was a gold medal won in 1855 -- two years after the company 's foundation -- at the American Institute Fair at the New York Crystal Palace .

set: One of the first was a gold medal won in 1855 -- two years after the company was founded -- at the American Institute Fair at the New York Crystal Palace .


set: Steinway has been granted 126 patents in piano making ; the first in 1857 .

set: Steinway has been granted 126 patents in piano making ; the first patent was granted in 1857 .


set: In addition to the flagship Steinway piano line , Steinway markets two less expensive brands of piano sold under the secondary brand names `` Boston '' and `` Essex '' .

set: In addition to the flagship Steinway piano line , Steinway markets two cheaper brands of piano . They are sold under the secondary brand names `` Boston '' and `` Essex '' .


set: Boston and Essex pianos are designed in the United States and produced in Asia at other piano manufacturers ' factories under the supervision of Steinway employees to utilize a lower cost of part production and labor .

set: Boston and Essex pianos are designed in the United States . To take advantage of lower costs of part production and labor , they are made in Asia by other piano makers under the supervision of Steinway employees .


set: The company 's share of the high-end grand piano market consistently exceeds 80 percent .

set: The company 's share of the high-end grand piano market is over 80 percent .


set: Stekene ( ) is a municipality located in the Belgian province of East Flanders .

set: Stekene is a municipality in the Belgian province of East Flanders .


set: Stella Nina McCartney , ( born 13 September 1971 ) is an English fashion designer .

set: Stella Nina McCartney , OBE ( born 13 September 1971 ) is an English fashion designer .


set: Stellan Bojerud ( 5 August 1944 -- 19 July 2015 ) was a Swedish politician , representing the Sweden Democrats ( SD ) .

set: Stellan Bojerud ( 5 August 1944 - 19 July 2015 ) was a Swedish politician . He represented the Sweden Democrats ( SD ) .


set: The couple have two sons together , Ossian ( b. 2009 ) and Kolbjörn ( b. 2012 ) .

set: They have two sons : Ossian ( b. 2009 ) and Kolbjörn ( b. 2012 ) .


set: He married My , a physician , in April 1975 and together they had six children : Alexander ( b. 1976 ) , Gustaf ( b. 1980 ) , Sam ( b. 1982 ) , Bill ( b. 1990 ) , Eija ( b. 1992 ) and Valter Skarsgård ( b. 1995 ) .

set: Skarsgård was married to My Skarsgård from 1975 until they divorced in 2007 . They had six children : Alexander ( b. 1976 ) , Gustaf ( b. 1980 ) , Sam ( b. 1982 ) , Bill ( b. 1990 ) , Eija ( b. 1992 ) and Valter ( b. 1995 ) .


set: Stellan John Skarsgård ( ; born 13 June 1951 ) is a Swedish actor .

set: Stellan John Skarsgård ( born June 13 , 1951 ) is a Swedish movie , television , stage , and voice actor .


set: The apparent color descriptions are what the observer would see if trying to describe the stars under a dark sky without aid to the eye , or with binoculars .

set: The `` apparent color '' descriptions are what the observer would see if trying to describe the stars under a dark sky without aid to the eye , or with binoculars .


set: The Steller 's sea cow ( `` Hydrodamalis gigas '' ) is an extinct herbivorous marine mammal .

set: Steller 's sea cow ( `` Hydrodamalis gigas '' ) is an extinct aquatic mammal .


set: The length of a stem should be that of an octave on the staff , going to either an octave higher or lower than the notehead , depending on which way the stem is pointing .

set: The length of a stem is usually that of an octave on the staff , going to either an octave higher or lower than the notehead , depending on which way the stem is pointing .


set: There is an exception to this rule : if a chord contains a second , the stem runs between the two notes with the higher being placed on the right of the stem and the lower on the left .

set: The exception to this rule is when a chord contains a second , in which case the stem runs between the two notes , the higher being placed on the left of the stem and the lower on the right .


set: Within one voice , the stems usually point down for notes on the middle line or higher , and up for those below .

set: For single-note melodies , the stems usually point down for notes on the middle line or higher , and up for those below .


set: Sten & Stanley is a dansband from Karlskoga , Sweden .

set: Sten & Stanley is a dansband from the town of Karlskoga in Sweden .


set: It is the largest shareholder in the club with about 11 % of the shares with the aim to increase the shareholding so that no individual ( s ) can wrest the control of the club away from its supporters .

set: It is the largest shareholder in the club with about 11 % of the shares with the aim to increase the shareholding so that no individual ( s ) can take control of the club away from its supporters .


set: Stenhousemuir F.C. Stenhousemuir FC is a Scottish football club located in Stenhousemuir .

set: Stenhousemuir F.C. Stenhousemuir FC is a Scottish football club from Stenhousemuir .


set: Stenhousemuir Supporters ' Trust is the official supporters ' club of Stenhousemuir FC .

set: Stenhousemuir Supporters ' Club is the official supporters ' club of Stenhousemuir FC .


set: The current Chairman of the Stenhousemuir Supporters Trust is Graeme Wallace who is also the stadium announcer at Ochilview .

set: The current Chairman of the Stenousemuir Supporters Trust is Graeme Wallace who is also the stadium announcer at Ochilview Current squad .


set: Stensele is a locality situated in Storuman Municipality , Västerbotten County , Sweden with 546 inhabitants in 2010 .

set: Stensele is a locality in Storuman Municipality in Västerbotten County , Sweden , In 2010 , 546 people lived there .


set: Stenstorp is a locality situated in Falköping Municipality , Västra Götaland County , Sweden .

set: Stenstorp is a locality in Falköping Municipality in Västra Götaland County in Sweden .


set: The district includes a large swath of rural and suburban territory southeast of Washington , D.C. .

set: The district includes a large area of rural and suburban territory southeast of Washington , D.C. .


set: Steny Hamilton Hoyer ( ; born June 14 , 1939 ) is the U.S. Representative for , serving since 1981 .

set: Steny Hamilton Hoyer ( born June 14 , 1939 ) is an American politician . Hoyer is the U.S. Representative for Maryland 's 5th congressional district , serving since 1981 .


set: Stephan Beckenbauer ( 1 December 1968 -- 31 July 2015 ) was a German footballer , the son of Franz Beckenbauer .

set: Stephan Beckenbauer ( 1 December 1968 -- 1 August 2015 ) was a German footballer , born in Munich . He was a son of Franz Beckenbauer .


set: Stephan Engels ( born 6 September 1960 in Niederkassel ) is a former German football player and manager .

set: Stephan Engels ( born 6 September , 1960 ) is a former German football player .


set: Four of the five galaxies in Stephan 's Quintet form a physical association , Hickson Compact Group 92 , and are involved in a cosmic dance that most likely will end with the galaxies merging .

set: Four of the five galaxies in Stephan 's Quintet form a physical association , Hickson Compact Group 92 . They are involved in a cosmic dance that will probably end with the galaxies merging .


set: Stephan 's Quintet in the constellation Pegasus is a visual grouping of five galaxies of which four form the first compact galaxy group ever discovered .

set: Stephan 's Quintet is in the constellation Pegasus . It is a visual grouping of five galaxies of which four are the first compact galaxy group ever discovered .


set: The brightest member of the visual grouping is NGC 7320 that is shown to have extensive H II regions , identified as red blobs , where active star formation is occurring .

set: The brightest member of the visual grouping is NGC 7320 . This has extensive H II regions , seen here as red blobs , where active star formation is occurring .


set: This same region is also detected in the faint glow of ionized atomic hydrogen seen in the visible part of the spectrum as the magnificent green arc in the picture to the right .

set: This same region also showed faint glow of ionized atomic hydrogen . You can see this in the visible part of the spectrum as the magnificent green-blue arc in the picture to the right .


set: Radio observations in the early 1970s revealed a mysterious filament of emission which lies in inter-galactic space between the galaxies in the group .

set: Radio observations in the early 1970s showed a mysterious emission from the inter-galactic space between the galaxies in the group .


set: Two space telescopes have recently provided new insight into the nature of the strange filament , which is now believed to be a giant intergalactic shock-wave ( similar to a sonic boom but traveling in intergalactic gas rather than air ) caused by one galaxy ( NGC 7318B ) falling into the center of the group at several millions of miles per hour .

set: It is now believed to be a giant intergalactic shock-wave ( similar to a sonic boom but travelling in intergalactic gas rather than air ) . This is caused by one galaxy ( NGC 7318B ) falling into the center of the group at several million miles per hour .


set: She was the November 1992 `` Playboy '' Playmate .

set: She is a model and was `` Playboy '' Playmate for November 1992 .


set: Stephanie Adams ( born July 24 , 1970 ) is an American model and author .

set: Stephanie Adams ( born in Orange , New Jersey , July 24 , 1970 ) is an American author .


set: She attained a degree in business administration and textile engineering ( Fashion Business Management ) from the private academy Fachakademie für Textil & Schuhe in Nagold , and has worked during her schooling for several textile companies .

set: She got a degree in business administration and textile engineering ( Fashion Business Management ) from the private academy Fachakademie für Textil & Schuhe in Nagold , and has worked during her schooling for several textile companies .


set: Confirmed as Uranus XX , it was named after the drunken butler in William Shakespeare 's play `` The Tempest '' in August 2000 .

set: Confirmed as Uranus XX , it is named after the drunken butler in William Shakespeare 's play `` The Tempest '' .


set: It was discovered by Brett J. Gladman , `` et al. '' in 1999 , and given the provisional designation S/1999 U 2 .

set: It was found by Brett J. Gladman , `` et al. '' in 1999 , and given the designation S/1999 U 2 .


set: He was nicknamed the `` Little Giant '' because he was short in physical stature , but a forceful and dominant figure in politics .

set: He was nicknamed the `` Little Giant '' because though short in physical stature , he was a forceful and even dominant figure in politics .


set: Stephen A. Douglas Stephen Arnold Douglas ( April 23 , 1813 -- June 3 , 1861 ) was an American politician from Illinois and the designer of the Kansas -- Nebraska Act .

set: Stephen A. Douglas Stephen Arnold Douglas ( April 23 , 1813 -- June 3 , 1861 ) was an American politician from Illinois .


set: Douglas died in Chicago from typhoid fever on June 3 , 1861 .

set: Douglas died from pneumonia caused by Typhoid fever in Chicago , Illinois on June 3 , 1861 , aged 48 .


set: Stephen Andrew Baldwin ( born May 12 , 1966 ) is an American actor , director , producer and author .

set: Stephen Andrew Baldwin ( born May 12 , 1966 ) is an American director , actor and producer .


set: His book `` I Am America ( And So Can You ! ) ''


set: Stephen Weaver Collins ( born October 1 , 1947 ) is an American actor , writer , director , and musician , best known for playing Eric Camden on the long-running television series `` 7th Heaven '' .

set: Stephen Weaver Collins ( born October 1 , 1947 ) is an American actor , screenwriter , director , and musician . He is best known for playing Eric Camden on the television series `` 7th Heaven '' .


set: He is also known for the roles of Captain Will Decker in '' '' , and more recently as Dr. Dayton King on the short-lived ABC TV series `` No Ordinary Family '' .

set: Collins is also known for the roles of Captain Will Decker in '' '' , and Dr. Dayton King on the ABC TV series `` No Ordinary Family '' .


set: Stephen Crane ( November 1 , 1871 -- June 5 , 1900 ) was an American author .

set: Stephen Townley Crane ( November 1 , 1871 - June 5 , 1900 ) was an American writer .


set: Crane was born on November 1 , 1871 , in Newark , New Jersey , to Jonathan Townley Crane , a minister in the Methodist Episcopal church , and Mary Helen Peck Crane , daughter of a clergyman , George Peck .

set: He was born on November 1 , 1871 in Newark , New Jersey to Jonathan Townley Crane , a clergyman , and Mary Helen Peck Crane .


set: There , he was twice named Southern Conference Player of the Year and set the all-time scoring record for both Davidson and the Southern Conference .

set: There , he was twice named Southern Conference Player of the Year . He set the all-time scoring record for both Davidson and the Southern Conference .


set: Wardell Stephen Curry II ( born March 14 , 1988 ) , often referred to as Steph , is an American professional basketball player who currently plays for the Golden State Warriors of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) .

set: Wardell Stephen `` Steph '' Curry II ( born March 14 , 1988 ) is an American professional basketball player who plays for the Golden State Warriors of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) .


set: Curry played college basketball for Davidson .

set: Curry played college basketball for the Davidson College Wildcats .


set: He is the son of former NBA player Dell Curry , and the older brother of current NBA player Seth Curry .

set: He is the son of former NBA player Dell Curry .


set: Stephen Tyree Early ( August 27 , 1889 -- August 11 , 1951 ) was a U.S. journalist and government official .

set: Stephen Tyree Early ( August 27 , 1889 -- August 11 , 1951 ) was a American journalist and government official .


set: Stephen John Fry ( born 24 August 1957 ) is an English comedian , actor , writer , presenter , and activist .

set: Stephen John Fry ( born 24 August 1957 ) is a English comedian , writer , television personality , and journalist .


set: Hadley served as a senior foreign and defense policy adviser to then-Governor Bush during the 2000 presidential campaign and worked in the Bush-Cheney Transition on the National Security Council .

set: Hadley served as a senior foreign and defense policy advisor to then-Governor Bush during the 2000 presidential campaign and worked in the Bush-Cheney Transition on the National Security Council .


set: Stephen John Hadley ( born February 13 , 1947 ) was the 21st U.S. Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs ( commonly referred as National Security Advisor ) , serving under President George W. Bush .

set: Stephen John Hadley ( born February 13 , 1947 , in Toledo , Ohio ) is the current ( 21st ) U.S. Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs ( commonly referred as National Security Advisor ) for President George W. Bush .


set: Harper is the third prime minister , after Pierre Trudeau and John Turner , to send his children to Rockcliffe Park Public School , in Ottawa .

set: He is the third Prime Minister , after Pierre Trudeau and John Turner , to send their children to Rockcliffe Park Public School , in Ottawa .


set: Hawking continued his writings for a popular audience , publishing `` The Universe in a Nutshell '' in 2001 , and `` A Briefer History of Time '' which he wrote in 2005 with Leonard Mlodinow to update his earlier works to make them accessible to a wider audience , and `` God Created the Integers '' , which appeared in 2006 .

set: Hawking continued his writings for a popular audience , publishing `` The Universe in a Nutshell '' in 2001 , [ 237 ] and `` A Briefer History of Time '' which he wrote in 2005 with Leonard Mlodinow to update his earlier works to make them accessible to a wider audience , and `` God Created the Integers '' , which appeared in 2006 .


set: Hawking accepted , and Bernard Carr travelled with them as the first of many students who fulfilled this role .

set: Hawking accepted , and Bernard Carr traveled with them as the first of many students who fulfilled this role .


set: [ 297 ] Motivated by the desire to increase public interest in spaceflight and to show the potential of people with disabilities , in 2007 he participated in zero-gravity flight in a `` Vomit Comet '' , courtesy of Zero Gravity Corporation , during which he experienced weightlessness eight times .


set: [ 191 ] Following a conference in Moscow in October 1981 , Hawking and Gary Gibbons organized a three-week Nuffield Workshop in the summer of 1982 on the Very Early Universe at Cambridge University , which focused mainly on inflation theory .


set: [ 203 ] Further work by Hawking in the area of arrows of time led to the 1985 publication of a paper theorising that if the no-boundary proposition were correct , then when the universe stopped expanding and eventually collapsed , time would run backwards .


set: [ 27 ] Hawking 's father wanted his son to attend the well-regarded Westminster School , but the 13-year-old Hawking was ill on the day of the scholarship examination .


set: [ 83 ] His disabilities meant that the responsibilities of home and family rested firmly on his wife 's increasingly overwhelmed shoulders , leaving him more time to think about physics .


set: As he had pneumonia in 2013 , he was advised not to have ice poured over him , but his children volunteered to accept the challenge on his behalf .

set: As he had had pneumonia in 2013 , he was advised not to have ice poured over him , but his children volunteered to accept the challenge on his behalf .


set: [ 158 ] To Hawking 's irritation , Jacob Bekenstein , a graduate student of John Wheeler , went further -- and ultimately correctly -- to apply thermodynamic concepts literally .


set: [ 23 ] Despite their families ' financial constraints , both parents attended the University of Oxford , where Frank studied medicine and Isobel , Philosophy , Politics and Economics .


set: [ 27 ] They lived a frugal existence in a large , cluttered , and poorly maintained house , and travelled in a converted London taxicab .


set: Hawking began his university education at University College , Oxford in October 1959 at the age of 17 .

set: Hawking began his university education at the University College , Oxford [ 1 ] in October 1959 at the age of 17 .


set: [ 68 ] Peter Guzzardi , his editor at Bantam , pushed him to explain his ideas clearly in non-technical language , a process that required multiple revisions from an increasingly irritated Hawking .


set: He worked with a friend on the faculty , Kip Thorne , and engaged him in a scientific wager about whether the dark star Cygnus X-1 was a black hole .

set: He worked with a friend on the faculty , Kip Thorne , [ 177 ] and engaged him in a scientific wager about whether the dark star Cygnus X-1 was a black hole .


set: [ 78 ] During their first years of marriage , Jane lived in London during the week as she completed her degree , and they travelled to the United States several times for conferences and physics-related visits .


set: [ 278 ] In an interview published in `` The Guardian '' , Hawking regarded the concept of Heaven as a myth , believing that there is `` no heaven or afterlife '' and that such a notion was a `` fairy story for people afraid of the dark '' .


set: [ 187 ] At the same time , he was also making a transition in his approach to physics , becoming more intuitive and speculative rather than insisting on mathematical proofs .


set: [ 226 ] In 1994 at Cambridge 's Newton Institute , Hawking and Penrose delivered a series of six lectures , which were published in 1996 as `` The Nature of Space and Time '' .


set: [ 63 ] Released from the need to use somebody to interpret his speech , Hawking commented that `` I can communicate better now than before I lost my voice . ''


set: [ 70 ] With this decline there is a risk of him developing locked-in syndrome , so Hawking is collaborating with researchers on systems that could translate Hawking 's brain patterns or facial expressions into switch activations .


set: [ 246 ] In a 2004 lecture in Dublin , he conceded his 1997 bet with Preskill , but described his own , somewhat controversial solution , to the information paradox problem , involving the possibility that black holes have more than one topology .


set: [ 159 ] [ 160 ] In the early 1970s , Hawking 's work with Carter , Werner Israel and David C. Robinson strongly supported Wheeler 's no-hair theorem that no matter what the original material from which a black hole is created it can be completely described by the properties of mass , electrical charge and rotation .


set: [ 126 ] For the first 18 months , he was bored and lonely : he was younger than many other students , and found the academic work `` ridiculously easy '' .


set: Hawking 's first year as a doctoral student was difficult .

set: Hawking 's first year as a doctoral student [ 2 ] was difficult .


set: [ 82 ] Hawking rarely discussed his illness and physical challenges , even -- in a precedent set during their courtship -- with Jane .


set: [ 147 ] Inspired by Roger Penrose 's theorem of a spacetime singularity in the centre of black holes , Hawking applied the same thinking to the entire universe , and during 1965 wrote his thesis on this topic .


set: [ 229 ] The same year , Thorne , Hawking and Preskill made another bet , this time concerning the black hole information paradox .


set: [ 20 ] Hawking had experienced increasing clumsiness during his final year at Oxford , including a fall on some stairs and difficulties when rowing .


set: [ 67 ] At this point , Hawking activated a switch using his hand and could produce up to 15 words a minute .


set: [ 239 ] Top-down cosmology posits that the present `` selects '' the past from a superposition of many possible histories .


set: [ 101 ] [ 207 ] Awards do not pay the bills , however , and motivated by the need to finance the children 's education and home expenses , in 1982 Hawking determined to write a popular book about the universe that would be accessible to the general public .


set: [ 40 ] As he slowly lost the ability to write , he developed compensatory visual methods , including seeing equations in terms of geometry .


set: [ 204 ] A paper by Don Page and independent calculations by Raymond Laflamme led Hawking to withdraw this concept .


set: [ 16 ] [ 17 ] His scientific works include a collaboration with Roger Penrose on gravitational singularity theorems in the framework of general relativity , and the theoretical prediction that black holes emit radiation , often called Hawking radiation .


set: [ 82 ] [ 185 ] His inaugural lecture as Lucasian Professor of Mathematics was titled : `` Is the end in sight for Theoretical Physics '' and proposed N = 8 Supergravity as the leading theory to solve many of the outstanding problems physicists were studying .


set: [ 263 ] Appropriately , given Hawking 's association with time , he unveiled the mechanical `` Chronophage '' ( or time-eating ) Corpus Clock at Corpus Christi College Cambridge in September 2008 .


set: [ 213 ] The book was published in April 1988 in the US and in June in the UK , and proved to be an extraordinary success , rising quickly to the top of bestseller lists in both countries and remaining there for months .


set: [ 200 ] Hawking did not rule out the existence of a Creator , asking in `` A Brief History of Time '' `` Is the unified theory so compelling that it brings about its own existence ? ''


set: [ 22 ] The two met shortly after the beginning of the Second World War at a medical research institute where she was working as a secretary and he as a medical researcher .


set: [ 227 ] In 1997 he conceded a 1991 public scientific wager made with Kip Thorne and John Preskill of Caltech .


set: [ 303 ] In August 2014 , Hawking accepted the Ice Bucket Challenge to promote ALS/MND awareness and raise contributions for research .


set: [ 290 ] In August 2014 , Hawking was one of 200 signatories to a letter opposing Scottish independence in the run-up to September 's referendum on that issue .


set: [ 244 ] For practical reasons related to his disability , Hawking increasingly travelled by private jet , and by 2011 that had become his only mode of international travel .


set: [ 202 ] In 2011 , when narrating the first episode of the American television series `` Curiosity '' on the Discovery Channel , Hawking declared : In September 2014 he joined Starmus Festival as keynote speaker and declared himself an atheist .


set: [ 119 ] With time , he began to show considerable aptitude for scientific subjects , and inspired by Tahta , decided to study mathematics at university .


set: [ 116 ] From 1958 , and with the help of the mathematics teacher Dikran Tahta , they built a computer from clock parts , an old telephone switchboard and other recycled components .


set: [ 129 ] A change occurred during his second and third year when , according to Berman , Hawking made more effort `` to be one of the boys '' .


set: [ 256 ] In 2002 , following a UK-wide vote , the BBC included him in their list of the 100 Greatest Britons .


set: Despite suggestions that he might leave the United Kingdom as a protest against public funding cuts to basic scientific research , Hawking has continued to work as director of research at the Cambridge University Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics , and indicated in 2012 that he had no plans to retire .

set: Despite suggestions that he might leave the United Kingdom as a protest against public funding cuts to basic scientific research , [ 267 ] Hawking has continued to work as director of research at the Cambridge University Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics , and indicated in 2012 that he had no plans to retire .


set: [ 151 ] [ 152 ] In 1970 they published a proof that if the universe obeys the general theory of relativity and fits any of the models of physical cosmology developed by Alexander Friedmann , then it must have begun as a singularity .


set: He obtained his PhD degree in cosmology in March 1966 , and his essay entitled `` Singularities and the Geometry of Space-Time '' shared top honours with one by Penrose to win that year 's prestigious Adams Prize .

set: [ 78 ] He obtained his PhD degree in cosmology in March 1966 , [ 149 ] and his essay entitled `` Singularities and the Geometry of Space-Time '' shared top honours with one by Penrose to win that year 's prestigious Adams Prize .


set: [ 134 ] [ 135 ] Hawking was concerned that he was viewed as a lazy and difficult student , so when asked at the oral to describe his future plans , he said , `` If you award me a First , I will go to Cambridge .


set: [ 212 ] One of the first messages Hawking produced with his speech-generating device was a request for his assistant to help him finish writing `` A Brief History of Time '' .


set: [ 34 ] [ 35 ] The problems worsened , and his speech became slightly slurred ; his family noticed the changes when he returned home for Christmas and medical investigations were begun .


set: [ 266 ] As required by Cambridge University regulations , Hawking retired as Lucasian Professor of Mathematics in 2009 .


set: [ 59 ] For his communication , Hawking initially raised his eyebrows to choose letters on a spelling card .


set: [ 270 ] He views spaceflight and the colonisation of space as necessary for the future of humanity .


set: [ 156 ] In 1970 , Hawking postulated what became known as the second law of black hole dynamics , that the event horizon of a black hole can never get smaller .


set: [ 178 ] Hawking acknowledged that he had lost the bet in 1990 , which was the first of several that he was to make with Thorne and others .


set: He was initially disappointed to find that he had been assigned Dennis William Sciama , one of the founders of modern cosmology , as a supervisor rather than noted astronomer Fred Hoyle , and he found his training in mathematics inadequate for work in general relativity and cosmology .

set: He was initially disappointed to find that he had been assigned Dennis William Sciama , one of the founders of modern cosmology , as a supervisor rather than noted astronomer Fred Hoyle , [ 139 ] [ 140 ] and he found his training in mathematics inadequate for work in general relativity and cosmology .


set: [ 54 ] During a visit to the European Organisation for Nuclear Research on the border of France and Switzerland in mid-1985 , Hawking contracted pneumonia , which in his condition was life-threatening ; he was so ill that Jane was asked if life support should be terminated .


set: [ 103 ] In 1999 Jane Hawking published a memoir , `` Music to Move the Stars '' , describing her marriage to Hawking and its breakdown .


set: [ 186 ] Hawking 's promotion coincided with a health crisis which led to Hawking accepting , albeit reluctantly , some nursing services at home .


set: [ 46 ] Hawking 's speech deteriorated , and by the late 1970s he could only be understood by his family and closest friends .


set: [ 87 ] Hawking returned to Cambridge in 1975 to a new home , a new job -- as reader .


set: The wager was an `` insurance policy '' against the proposition that black holes did not exist .

set: The wager was a surprising `` insurance policy '' against the proposition that black holes did not exist .


set: [ 208 ] [ 209 ] Instead of publishing with an academic press , he signed a contract with Bantam Books , a mass market publisher , and received a large advance for his book .


set: [ 133 ] [ 134 ] Anxious , he slept poorly the night before the examinations , and the final result was on the borderline between first - and second-class honours , making a `` viva '' ( oral examination ) necessary .


set: [ 41 ] [ 42 ] The physicist Werner Israel later compared the achievements to Mozart composing an entire symphony in his head .


set: [ 228 ] After discovering his concession might have been premature , a new , more refined , wager was made .


set: [ 52 ] In general , however , Hawking had ambivalent feelings about his role as a disability rights champion : while wanting to help others , he sought to detach himself from his illness and its challenges .


set: [ 189 ] [ 190 ] Cosmological inflation -- a theory proposing that following the Big Bang the universe initially expanded incredibly rapidly before settling down to a slower expansion -- was proposed by Alan Guth and also developed by Andrei Linde .


set: [ 249 ] As part of another longstanding scientific dispute , Hawking had emphatically argued , and bet , that the Higgs boson would never be found .


set: [ 197 ] The initial singularity of the classical Big Bang models was replaced with a region akin to the North Pole .


set: [ 18 ] [ 19 ] He is an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts , a lifetime member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences , and a recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom , the highest civilian award in the United States .


set: [ 163 ] Hawking 's first book , `` The Large Scale Structure of Space-Time , '' written with George Ellis , was published in 1973 .


set: [ 130 ] [ 131 ] The rowing trainer at the time noted that Hawking cultivated a daredevil image , steering his crew on risky courses that led to damaged boats .


set: [ 142 ] However , his disease progressed more slowly than doctors had predicted .


set: [ 97 ] [ 96 ] [ 98 ] In the late 1980s , Hawking had grown close to one of his nurses , Elaine Mason , to the dismay of some colleagues , caregivers and family members who were disturbed by her strength of personality and protectiveness .


set: Along with at the European Organisation for Nuclear Research ( CERN ) and Jim Hartle , from 2006 on Hawking developed a theory of `` top-down cosmology '' , which says that the universe had not one unique initial state but many different ones , and therefore that it is inappropriate to formulate a theory that predicts the universe 's current configuration from one particular initial state .

set: [ 238 ] Along with Thomas Hertog at the European Organisation for Nuclear Research ( CERN ) and Jim Hartle , from 2006 on Hawking developed a theory of `` top-down cosmology '' , which says that the universe had not one unique initial state but many different ones , and therefore that it is inappropriate to formulate a theory that predicts the universe 's current configuration from one particular initial state .


set: [ 165 ] [ 164 ] His work in this area was spurred by a visit to Moscow and discussions with Yakov Borisovich Zel ` dovich and Alexei Starobinsky , whose work showed that according to the uncertainty principle rotating black holes emit particles .


set: [ 247 ] [ 232 ] In the 2005 paper he published on the subject , he argued that the information paradox was explained by examining all the alternative histories of universes , with the information loss in those with black holes being cancelled out by those without .


set: A popular-level collection of essays , interviews and talk titled `` Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays '' was published in 1993 and six-part television series `` Stephen Hawking 's Universe '' and companion book appeared in 1997 .

set: [ 233 ] A popular-level collection of essays , interviews and talk titled `` Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays '' was published in 1993 [ 234 ] and six-part television series `` Stephen Hawking 's Universe '' and companion book appeared in 1997 .


set: [ 88 ] By December 1977 , Jane had met organist Jonathan Hellyer Jones when singing in a church choir .


set: [ 20 ] He now communicates using a single cheek muscle attached to a speech-generating device .


set: [ 104 ] After his second marriage , Hawking 's family felt excluded and marginalised from his life .


set: [ 202 ] In the same book he suggested the existence of God was unnecessary to explain the origin of the universe .


set: [ 94 ] By the 1980s , Hawking 's marriage had been strained for many years .


set: [ 74 ] He has increased breathing difficulties , requiring a ventilator at times and has been hospitalised several times .


set: [ 219 ] Hawking travelled extensively to promote his work , and enjoyed partying and dancing into the small hours .


set: Hawking suffers from a rare early-onset slow-progressing form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( ALS ) , also known as motor neurone disease or Lou Gehrig 's disease , that has gradually paralysed him over the decades .

set: Hawking suffers from a rare early-onset slow-progressing form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( ALS ) , also known as motor neurone disease or Lou Gehrig 's disease , that has gradually paralyzed him over the decades .


set: [ 27 ] In St Albans , the eight-year-old Hawking attended St Albans High School for Girls for a few months ; at that time , younger boys could attend one of the houses .


set: Spurred by a dispute with the university over who would pay for the ramp needed for him to enter his workplace , Hawking and his wife campaigned for improved access and support for those with disabilities in Cambridge , including adapted student housing at the university .

set: [ 49 ] Spurred by a dispute with the university over who would pay for the ramp needed for him to enter his workplace , Hawking and his wife campaigned for improved access and support for those with disabilities in Cambridge , [ 50 ] [ 51 ] including adapted student housing at the university .


set: [ 110 ] [ 96 ] Reflecting this happier period , a revised version of Jane 's book called `` Travelling to Infinity : My Life with Stephen '' appeared in 2007 .


set: [ 48 ] Hawking was a popular and witty colleague , but his illness , as well as his reputation for brashness and intelligence , distanced him from some .


set: [ 272 ] [ 273 ] Hawking has argued superintelligent artificial intelligence could be pivotal in steering humanity 's fate , stating that `` the potential benefits are huge ... Success in creating AI would be the biggest event in human history .


set: [ 68 ] Lectures were prepared in advance and were sent to the speech synthesiser in short sections to be delivered .


set: [ 38 ] [ 39 ] In the late 1960s , Hawking 's physical abilities declined : he began to use crutches and ceased lecturing regularly .


set: [ 220 ] Some colleagues were resentful of the attention Hawking received , feeling it was due to his disability .


set: [ 43 ] [ 44 ] Hawking was , however , fiercely independent and unwilling to accept help or make concessions for his disabilities .


set: [ 175 ] [ 176 ] Hawking was appointed to the Sherman Fairchild Distinguished visiting professorship at the California Institute of Technology ( Caltech ) in 1970 .


set: [ 145 ] [ 146 ] When Hawking began his graduate studies , there was much debate in the physics community about the prevailing theories of the creation of the universe : the Big Bang and the Steady State theories .


set: At the turn of the century , he and eleven other luminaries signed the `` Charter for the Third Millennium on Disability '' which called on governments to prevent disability and protect disability rights .

set: [ 294 ] At the turn of the century , he and eleven other luminaries signed the `` Charter for the Third Millennium on Disability '' which called on governments to prevent disability and protectdisability rights .


set: During one of Hawking 's father 's frequent absences working in Africa , the rest of the family spent four months in Majorca visiting his mother 's friend Beryl and her husband , the poet Robert Graves .

set: [ 30 ] [ 31 ] During one of Hawking 's father 's frequent absences working in Africa , [ 32 ] the rest of the family spent four months in Majorca visiting his mother 's friend Beryl and her husband , the poet Robert Graves .


set: [ 64 ] The voice he uses has an American accent and is no longer produced .


set: [ 255 ] The book was followed by sequels in 2009 and 2011 .


set: [ 230 ] [ 231 ] Thorne and Hawking argued that since general relativity made it impossible for black holes to radiate and lose information , the mass-energy and information carried by Hawking radiation must be `` new '' , and not from inside the black hole event horizon .


set: [ 123 ] He wanted Hawking to attend University College , Oxford , his own alma mater .


set: [ 143 ] [ 144 ] Hawking started developing a reputation for brilliance and brashness when he publicly challenged the work of Fred Hoyle and his student Jayant Narlikar at a lecture in June 1964 .


set: To Hawking 's annoyance , his much-checked calculations produced findings that contradicted his second law , which claimed black holes could never get smaller , and supported Bekenstein 's reasoning about their entropy .

set: [ 166 ] To Hawking 's annoyance , his much-checked calculations produced findings that contradicted his second law , which claimed black holes could never get smaller , [ 167 ] and supported Bekenstein 's reasoning about their entropy .


set: [ 250 ] The particle was proposed to exist as part of the Higgs field theory by Peter Higgs in 1964 .


set: [ 117 ] [ 118 ] Although at school he was known as `` Einstein '' , Hawking was not initially successful academically .


set: [ 301 ] In 2013 , the biographical documentary film `` Hawking '' , in which Hawking himself is featured , was released .


set: [ 105 ] [ 106 ] Police investigations took place , but were closed as Hawking refused to make a complaint .


set: [ 127 ] [ 128 ] His physics tutor , Robert Berman , later said , `` It was only necessary for him to know that something could be done , and he could do it without looking to see how other people did it . ''


set: [ 148 ] There were other positive developments : Hawking received a research fellowship at Gonville and Caius College .


set: The couple became engaged in October 1964 -- Hawking later said that the engagement gave him `` something to live for '' -- and the two were married on 14 July 1965 .

set: The couple became engaged in October 1964 [ 75 ] [ 76 ] -- Hawking later said that the engagement gave him `` something to live for '' [ 77 ] -- and the two were married on 14 July 1965 .


set: [ 245 ] By 2003 , consensus among physicists was growing that Hawking was wrong about the loss of information in a black hole .


set: [ 224 ] In 1989 , he was appointed Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour ( CH ) .


set: Hawking told Jane that he was leaving her for Mason and departed the family home in February 1990 .

set: [ 99 ] Hawking told Jane that he was leaving her for Mason [ 100 ] and departed the family home in February 1990 .


set: [ 126 ] Part of the transformation resulted from his decision to join the college Boat Club , where he coxed a rowing team .


set: [ 172 ] [ 173 ] [ 174 ] Hawking was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society ( FRS ) in 1974 , a few weeks after the announcement of Hawking radiation .


set: [ 134 ] [ 136 ] He was held in higher regard than he believed : as Berman commented , the examiners `` were intelligent enough to realise they were talking to someone far cleverer than most of themselves '' .


set: [ 53 ] His lack of engagement led to some criticism .


set: He required much persuasion to accept the use of a wheelchair at the end of the 1960s , but ultimately became notorious for the wildness of his wheelchair driving .

set: [ 46 ] He required much persuasion to accept the use of a wheelchair at the end of the 1960s , [ 47 ] but ultimately became notorious for the wildness of his wheelchair driving .


set: With James M. Bardeen and Brandon Carter , he proposed the four laws of black hole mechanics , drawing an analogy with thermodynamics .

set: [ 157 ] WithJames M. Bardeen and Brandon Carter , he proposed the four laws of black hole mechanics , drawing an analogy with thermodynamics .


set: [ 218 ] Success led to significant financial rewards , but also the challenges of celebrity status .


set: [ 161 ] [ 162 ] His essay titled `` Black Holes '' won the Gravity Research Foundation Award in January 1971 .


set: [ 36 ] [ 37 ] The diagnosis of motor neurone disease came when Hawking was 21 , in 1963 .


set: [ 188 ] In 1981 , he proposed that information in a black hole is irretrievably lost when a black hole evaporates .


set: [ 98 ] [ 105 ] For a period of about five years in the early 2000s , his family and staff became increasingly worried that he was being physically abused .


set: Honours continued to be awarded : in 1981 he was awarded the American Franklin Medal , and in 1982 made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( CBE ) .

set: [ 205 ] Honours continued to be awarded : in 1981 he was awarded the American Franklin Medal , [ 206 ] and in 1982 made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( CBE ) .


set: [ 201 ] In his early work , Hawking spoke of God in a metaphorical sense .


set: His results , which Hawking presented from 1974 , showed that black holes emit radiation , known today as Hawking radiation , which may continue until they exhaust their energy and evaporate .

set: [ 168 ] [ 166 ] His results , which Hawking presented from 1974 , showed that black holes emitradiation , known today as Hawking radiation , which may continue until they exhaust their energy and evaporate .


set: [ 85 ] [ 86 ] The family spent a generally happy and stimulating year in Pasadena .


set: [ 195 ] [ 196 ] He subsequently developed the research in collaboration with Jim Hartle , and in 1983 they published a model , known as the Hartle -- Hawking state .


set: After his divorce from Jane in 1995 , Hawking married Mason in September , declaring `` It 's wonderful -- I have married the woman I love . ''

set: [ 101 ] After his divorce from Jane in 1995 , Hawking married Mason in September , [ 102 ] [ 101 ] declaring `` It 's wonderful -- I have married the woman I love . ''


set: [ 231 ] [ 248 ] In January 2014 he called the alleged loss of information in black holes his `` biggest blunder '' .


set: [ 264 ] [ 265 ] During his career Hawking has supervised 39 successful PhD students .


set: [ 57 ] [ 58 ] Nurses were hired for the three shifts required to provide the round-the-clock support he required .


set: [ 153 ] [ 154 ] [ 155 ] In 1969 , Hawking accepted a specially created Fellowship for Distinction in Science to remain at Caius .


set: [ 120 ] [ 121 ] [ 122 ] Hawking 's father advised him to study medicine , concerned that there were few jobs for mathematics graduates .


set: [ 81 ] A third child , Timothy , was born in April 1979 .


set: [ 198 ] [ 199 ] Initially the no-boundary proposal predicted a closed universe which had implications about the existence of God .


set: [ 76 ] [ 82 ] In the late 1970s , Hawking was elected Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge .


set: Hawking gradually lost the use of his hand , and in 2005 he began to control his communication device with movements of his cheek muscles , with a rate of about one word per minute .

set: [ 65 ] Hawking gradually lost the use of his hand , and in 2005 he began to control his communication device with movements of his cheek muscles , [ 69 ] [ 70 ] [ 71 ] with a rate of about one word per minute .


set: Nimoy made the necessary contact , and Hawking played a holographic simulation of himself in an episode of '' '' in 1993 .

set: Nimoy made the necessary contact , and Hawking played a holographic simulation of himself in an episode of `` Star Trek : The Next Generation '' in 1993 .


set: [ 302 ] In September 2013 , he expressed support for the legalisation of assisted suicide for the terminally ill .


set: [ 274 ] [ 275 ] Hawking has argued that computer viruses should be considered a new form of life , and has stated that `` maybe it says something about human nature , that the only form of life we have created so far is purely destructive .


set: Hawking suffers from a rare early-onset , slow-progressing form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( ALS ) , also known as motor neurone disease or Lou Gehrig 's disease , that has gradually paralysed him over the decades .

set: Hawking suffers from a rare early-onset , slow-progressing form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( ALS ) , also known as motor neuron disease or Lou Gehrig 's disease , that has gradually paralyzed him over the decades .


set: Hawking quickly conceded that he had lost his bet and said that Higgs should win the Nobel Prize for Physics , which he did in 2013 .

set: Hawking quickly conceded that he had lost his bet [ 252 ] [ 253 ] and said that Higgs should win the Nobel Prize for Physics , [ 254 ] which he did in 2013 .


set: They lived in Highgate , but as London was being bombed in those years , Isobel went to Oxford to give birth in greater safety .

set: [ 22 ] [ 24 ] They lived in Highgate , but as London was being bombedin those years , Isobel went to Oxford to give birth in greater safety .


set: [ 89 ] [ 90 ] [ 91 ] According to Jane , her husband was accepting of the situation , stating `` he would not object so long as I continued to love him . ''


set: In 1975 , he was awarded both the Eddington Medal and the Pius XI Gold Medal , and in 1976 the Dannie Heineman Prize , the Maxwell Prize and the Hughes Medal .

set: [ 82 ] In 1975 , he was awarded both the Eddington Medal and the Pius XI Gold Medal , and in 1976 the Dannie Heineman Prize , theMaxwell Prize and the Hughes Medal .


set: Hawking appeared in documentaries entitled `` The Real Stephen Hawking '' ( 2001 ) , `` Stephen Hawking : Profile '' ( 2002 ) and `` Hawking '' ( 2013 ) , and the documentary series `` Stephen Hawking , Master of the Universe '' ( 2008 ) .

set: [ 309 ] Hawking appeared in documentaries entitled `` The Real Stephen Hawking '' ( 2001 ) , [ 296 ] `` Stephen Hawking : Profile '' ( 2002 ) [ 310 ] and `` Hawking '' ( 2013 ) , and the documentary series `` Stephen Hawking , Master of the Universe '' ( 2008 ) .


set: [ 65 ] [ 66 ] Despite the availability of other voices , Hawking has retained this original voice , saying that he prefers it and identifies with it .


set: Media attention was intense , and Newsweek magazine cover and a television special both described him as `` Master of the Universe '' .

set: [ 216 ] Media attention was intense , [ 217 ] and Newsweek magazine cover and a television special both described him as `` Master of the Universe '' .


set: Hawking has expressed concern that life on Earth is at risk from `` a sudden nuclear war , a genetically engineered virus or other dangers we have not yet thought of '' .

set: [ 269 ] Hawking has expressed concern that life on earth is at risk from `` a sudden nuclear war , a genetically engineered virus or other dangers we have not yet thought of '' .


set: [ 25 ] Hawking has two younger sisters , Philippa and Mary , and an adopted brother , Edward .


set: [ 179 ] Hawking has maintained ties to Caltech , spending a month there almost every year since this first visit .


set: [ 164 ] Beginning in 1973 , Hawking moved into the study of quantum gravity and quantum mechanics .


set: In St Albans , the family were considered highly intelligent and somewhat eccentric ; meals were often spent with each person silently reading a book .

set: [ 27 ] [ 28 ] In St Albans , the family were considered highly intelligent and somewhat eccentric ; [ 27 ] [ 29 ] meals were often spent with each person silently reading a book .


set: After being diagnosed with motor neurone disease , Hawking fell into a depression ; though his doctors advised that he continue with his studies , he felt there was little point .

set: [ 141 ] After being diagnosed with motor-neuron disease , Hawking fell into a depression ; though his doctors advised that he continue with his studies , he felt there was little point .


set: Hawking was awarded the Copley Medal from the Royal Society ( 2006 ) , the Presidential Medal of Freedom which is America 's highest civilian honour ( 2009 ) , and the Russian Special Fundamental Physics Prize ( 2013 ) .

set: Hawking was awarded the CopleyMedal from the Royal Society ( 2006 ) , [ 257 ] the Presidential Medal of Freedom which is America 's highest civilian honour ( 2009 ) , [ 258 ] [ 259 ] and the Russian Special Fundamental Physics Prize ( 2013 ) .


set: [ 55 ] [ 56 ] The National Health Service would pay for a nursing home , but Jane was determined that he would live at home .


set: [ 183 ] [ 184 ] Hawking was appointed a professor with a chair in gravitational physics in 1977 .


set: He received further academic recognition , including five further honorary degrees , the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society ( 1985 ) , the Paul Dirac Medal ( 1987 ) and , jointly with Penrose , the prestigious Wolf Prize ( 1988 ) .

set: [ 221 ] [ 222 ] He received further academic recognition , including five further honorary degrees , [ 218 ] the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society ( 1985 ) , [ 223 ] the Paul Dirac Medal ( 1987 ) [ 218 ] and , jointly with Penrose , the prestigious Wolf Prize ( 1988 ) .


set: [ 61 ] [ 62 ] The program was originally run on a desktop computer .


set: A positive consequence was that Hawking remained with a close group of friends with whom he enjoyed board games , the manufacture of fireworks , model aeroplanes and boats , and long discussions about Christianity and extrasensory perception .

set: [ 113 ] [ 114 ] A positive consequence was that Hawking remained with a close group of friends with whom he enjoyed board games , the manufacture of fireworks , model aeroplanes and boats , [ 115 ] and long discussions about Christianityand extrasensory perception .


set: In a method he uses to this day , Hawking could now simply press a switch to select phrases , words or letters from a bank of about 2,500 -- 3,000 that are scanned .

set: In a method he uses to this day , using a switch he selects phrases , words or letters from a bank of about 2,500 -- 3,000 that are scanned .


set: [ 270 ] [ 271 ] Hawking has stated that , given the vastness of the universe , aliens likely exist , but that contact with them should be avoided .


set: Stephen William Hawking born 8 January 1942 ) is an English theoretical physicist , cosmologist , author and Director of Research at the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology within the University of Cambridge .

set: Stephen William Hawking CH , CBE , FRS , FRSA ( i / ˈstiːvən ˈhɔːkɪŋ / ; born 8 January 1942 ) is a British theoretical physicist , cosmologist , author and Director of Research at the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology within the University of Cambridge .


set: Hawking has used his fame to advertise products , including a wheelchair , National Savings , British Telecom , Specsavers , Egg Banking and Go Compare .

set: [ 313 ] Hawking has used his fame to advertise products , including a wheelchair , [ 296 ] National Savings , [ 314 ] British Telecom , Specsavers , Egg Banking [ 315 ] and Go Compare .


set:
Science vs. philosophy .
[ 276 ] Science vs. philosophy .


set:
Disability outreach .
[ 293 ] Disability outreach .


set: [ 132 ] [ 130 ] Hawking has estimated that he studied about a thousand hours during his three years at Oxford .


set:
His mother was Scottish .
[ 21 ] [ 22 ] His mother was Scottish .


set: Stephen McDannell Hillenburg ( born August 21 , 1961 ) is an American marine biologist , cartoonist , animator , director , producer , writer , and voice actor , who is best known for creating the Nickelodeon animated television series `` SpongeBob SquarePants '' .

set: Stephen McDannell Hillenburg ( born August 21 , 1961 ) is an American marine biologist , marine scientist , animator , writer , producer , actor , voice actor , and director . He is best known for creating the Nickelodeon animated series `` SpongeBob SquarePants '' .


set: Stephen J. Cannell Stephen Joseph Cannell ( ; February 5 , 1941 -- September 30 , 2010 ) was an American television producer , writer , novelist and occasional actor , and the founder of Cannell Entertainment ( formerly Stephen J. Cannell Productions ) and The Cannell Studios .

set: Stephen J. Cannell Stephen Joseph Cannell ( February 5 , 1941 -- September 30 , 2010 ) was an American television producer , writer , author , and occasional actor , and the founder of Stephen J. Cannell Productions .


set: Lee died of a heart attack in Los Angeles , California , aged 58 .

set: Lee died of a heart attack in Los Angeles , California , aged 56 .


set: Stephen Lee ( November 11 , 1955 -- August 14 , 2014 ) was an American actor from Englewood , New Jersey .

set: Stephen Lee ( November 11 , 1955 -- August 14 , 2014 ) was an American actor .


set: Stephen Lewis ( 17 December 1926 -- 12 August 2015 ) ( credited early in his career as Stephen Cato ) was an English actor , comedian , director , screenwriter , and playwright .

set: Stephen Lewis ( 17 December 1926 -- 12 August 2015 ) was an English actor , comedian , director , screenwriter , and playwright .


set: He is best known for his roles as Inspector Cyril `` Blakey '' Blake in the LWT sitcom and film versions of `` On the Buses '' , appearing for the length of the series , ( along with Bob Grant and Anna Karen ) , Clem `` Smiler '' Hemmingway in `` Last of the Summer Wine '' , and Harry Lambert in BBC Television 's `` Oh , Doctor Beeching ! ''

set: He was best known for his roles as Inspector Cyril `` Blakey '' Blake in the LWT sitcom `` On the Buses '' , Clem `` Smiler '' Hemmingway in `` Last of the Summer Wine '' , and Harry Lambert in BBC Television 's `` Oh , Doctor Beeching ! ''


set: Stephen Milburn Anderson ( March 13 , 1948 -- May 1 , 2015 ) was an American film director and writer who wrote and directed eight films .

set: Stephen Milburn Anderson ( 1947 -- May 1 , 2015 ) was an American movie director , producer and screenwriter . He wrote and directed eight movies .


set: Stephen Paulus ( August 24 , 1949 -- October 19 , 2014 ) was a Grammy nominated American composer , best known for his operas and choral music .

set: Stephen Paulus ( August 24 , 1949 -- October 19 , 2014 ) was an American composer . He was best known for his operas and choral music .


set: Paulus was born in Summit , New Jersey , but the family moved to Minnesota when he was two .

set: Paulus was born in Summit , New Jersey .


set: Stephen Robert Sutton , ( 16 December 1994 -- 14 May 2014 ) , was an English blogger and charity activist known for his blog `` Stephen 's Story '' and his fundraising efforts for the Teenage Cancer Trust charity for the aid of teenagers with cancer .

set: Stephen Sutton ( 16 December 1994 -- 14 May 2014 ) was a British blogger and charity activist . He is known for his blog `` Stephen 's Story '' and his fundraising efforts for the Teenage Cancer Trust charity for the aid of teenagers with cancer .


set: Stephens County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oklahoma .

set: Stephens County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma .


set: The song features American singer Ciara and rapper Jermaine Dupri .

set: The song features singer Ciara and rapper Jermaine Dupri .


set: Steps are a British dance-pop group consisting of Claire Richards , Faye Tozer , Lisa Scott-Lee , Ian `` H '' Watkins and Lee Latchford-Evans .

set: The members of the quintet are Lee Latchford-Evans , Claire Richards , Lisa Scott-Lee , Faye Tozer and Ian `` H '' Watkins . Steps have released four albums .


set: `` Stereo Love '' is a 2009 song recorded by the Romanian musician Edward Maya with the Moldavian-Romanian musician Vika Jigulina , released as their debut single in late 2009 from Maya 's album `` The Stereo Love Show '' .

set: `` Stereo Love '' is a 2009 song recorded by Romanian musician Edward Maya featuring Vika Jigulina , released as his first single in late 2009 from his album `` The Stereo Love Show '' .


set: They are best known worldwide for their 1992 transatlantic Top 20 hit single , `` Connected '' .

set: They are best known worldwide for their 1992 top 20 single `` Connected '' .


set: Intuitively , then , the stereographic projection is a way of picturing the sphere as the plane , with some inevitable compromises .

set: Intuitively , the stereographic projection is a way of picturing a sphere as a plane , with some inevitable compromises .


set: In practice , the projection is carried out by computer or by hand using a special kind of graph paper called a stereographic net , shortened to stereonet or Wulff net .

set: In practice , the projection is carried out by computer or by hand using a special kind of graph paper called a stereonet or Wulff net .


set: The projection is defined on the entire sphere , except at one point : the projection point .

set: The projection is defined on the entire sphere , except for one point , called the `` projection point '' .


set: The first legal definition of sterling silver appeared in 1275 , when a statute of Edward I specified that 12 ounces of silver for coinage should contain 11 ounces pennyweights of silver and pennyweights of alloy , with 20 pennyweights to the Troy ounce .

set: The first legal definition of sterling silver appeared in 1275 . A statute of Edward I specified that 12 ounces of silver for coinage should contain 11 ounces 2 + pennyweights of silver and 17 + pennyweights of alloy , with 20 pennyweights to the Troy ounce .


set: Tiffany & Co. pitcher , c. 1871 Sterling silver is an alloy of silver containing 92.5 % by mass of silver and 7.5 % by mass of other metals , usually copper .


set: `` Fine silver '' , for example 99.9 % pure silver , is generally too soft for producing functional objects ; therefore , the silver is usually alloyed with copper to give it strength while preserving the ductility and appearance of the precious metal .

set: Pure silver , for example 99.9 % pure , is generally too soft for making objects for use . Therefore , the silver is usually alloyed with copper to give it strength while keeping the ductility and beauty of the precious metal .


set: The stern is the rear or aft part of a ship or boat .

set: The stern is the rear part of a ship or boat .


set: Only in mammals does the sternum take on the elongated , segmented form seen in humans .

set: Only in mammals does the sternum take on the longer form seen in humans .


set: The Steropodontidae was a family of monotremes that are known from fossils from the Early Cretaceous in Australia .

set: Steropodontidae was a family of monotremes that are known fossils from the Early Cretaceous in Australia .


set: Stetten is a municipality in the district of Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland .

set: Stetten is a municipality of the district of Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland .


set: Stettfurt is a municipality in the district of Frauenfeld in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland .

set: Stettfurt is a municipality of the district of Frauenfeld in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland .


set: Steubenville is a city in and the county seat of Jefferson County , Ohio , United States .

set: Steubenville is a city in Jefferson County in the state of Ohio in the United States .


set: It is home to Franciscan University of Steubenville and Eastern Gateway Community College ( formerly Jefferson Community College ) .

set: Franciscan University of Steubenville and Eastern Gateway Community College are located in the city .


set: A kveder from Setesdal , when performing stev , generally sings more slowly , than a kveder from Telemark .

set: A kveder from Setesdal , when performing stev , usually sings more slowly , than a kveder from Telemark .


set: One reason for this , may be that Setesdal stev are often more meditative ( or elegiac ) , in regard to the stev text .

set: One reason for this may be that the text of Setesdal stev are usually more meditative ( or elegiac ) .


set: He was a Democrat whereas his wife was a Republican .

set: He was a Democrat and his wife was a Republican .


set: In addition he starred as Brian Kelly in the 2004 thriller `` The Skulls III '' .

set: In addition , he starred as Brian Kelly in the 2004 thriller `` The Skulls III '' .


set: Braun 's credits include `` The Immortal '' , a TV show in which he and co-star Lorenzo Lamas hunted demons ; `` The Trip '' , an independent film about coming of age in the HIV era ; and `` Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle '' ( 2004 ) , a major motion picture release in which he plays the lead villain .

set: Braun 's credits include `` The Immortal '' , a TV series in which he and co-star Lorenzo Lamas hunted demons ; `` The Trip '' , an independent movie about coming of age in the HIV age ; and `` Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle '' ( 2004 ) , a major motion picture in which he plays the lead villain .


set: Braun was cast in a recurring guest role in The WB show `` Twins '' , as Jordan , the unrequited love interest of Mitchee Arnold , played by Sara Gilbert .

set: Braun was cast in a recurring guest role in The WB series `` Twins '' , as Jordan , the love interest of Mitchee Arnold , played by Sara Gilbert .


set: Buscemi married Jo Andres in 1987 ; they have one son .

set: Busemi has been married to Jo Andres since 1987 . They have a son , Lucian Buscemi .


set: Steven Vincent `` Steve '' Buscemi ( born December 13 , 1957 ) is an American actor , director , writer , and retired firefighter .

set: Steven Vincent Buscemi ( born December 13 , 1957 ) is an American actor .


set: In 2001 , he began working with `` Fox NASCAR '' as a pit reporter , and later became the host of Speed/Fox Sports 1 's studio show `` NASCAR Race Hub '' .

set: In 2001 , he began working with `` NASCAR on Fox '' as a pit reporter , and later became the host of Fox Sports 1 's studio show `` NASCAR Race Hub '' .


set: Steven John Carell ( ; born August 16 , 1962 ) is an American actor , comedian , director , producer and writer .

set: Steven John `` Steve '' Carell ( born August 16 , 1962 ) is an American actor , producer , writer and comedian .


set: Stephen Maynard `` Steve '' Clark ( 23 April 1960 -- 8 January 1991 ) was an English musician best known as the co-lead guitarist and a principal songwriter for the British hard rock band , Def Leppard , until his 1991 death from an overdose brought on by a combination of multiple prescription drugs and alcohol .

set: Stephen Maynard `` Steve '' Clark ( 23 April 1960 -- 8 January 1991 ) was an English singer-songwriter , musician and recording artist . He was best known co-lead guitarist and a main songwriter for the hard rock band Def Leppard from 1978 until his death .


set: `` Rolling Stone '' lists him 39th on their list of the 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time .

set: `` Rolling Stone '' lists him 36th on their list of the 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time .


set: Stephen J. `` Steve '' Ditko ( born November 2 , 1927 ) is an American comic book artist and writer best known as the artist and co-creator , with Stan Lee , of the Marvel Comics superhero Spider-Man , and as creator of the supernatural hero Doctor Strange .

set: Stephen J. `` Steve '' Ditko ( born November 2 , 1927 ) is an American comic book artist and writer . He is best known as the artist and co-creator , with Stan Lee , of the Marvel Comics heroes Spider-Man and Doctor Strange .


set: Stefan Hrymnak ( born March 3 , 1926 ) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey player who played 18 games in the National Hockey League for the Chicago Black Hawks and Detroit Red Wings .

set: Steve Hrymnak ( born March 3 , 1926 in Port Arthur , Ontario ) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey player . His career included playing 18 games in the National Hockey League for the Chicago Black Hawks and Detroit Red Wings .


set: In addition , he helped compose some of the music to the video game '' '' , and composed the theme music for BBC 's `` Seven Wonders of the Industrial World '' in 2003 .

set: He also helped compose some of the music to the video game '' '' , and composed the theme music for the BBC 's `` Seven Wonders of the Industrial World '' in 2003 .


set: Eugene Stephen `` Steve '' Jay ( born January 26 , 1951 ) is an American guitarist and bassist , best known for working with `` Weird Al '' Yankovic .

set: Stephen `` Steve '' Jay ( born January 26 , 1951 ) is a bassist best known for working with the singer-songwriter `` Weird Al '' Yankovic .


set: He holds a Masters in Music Composition and has presented master classes and clinics in China , Japan , Colombia , Barbados , Bahamas and Mexico .

set: He holds a Masters in Music Composition . Koven has presented master classes and clinics in China , Japan , Colombia , Barbados , Bahamas and Mexico .


set: In addition , Koven also teaches Music at Toronto 's Centennial College .


set: Steve Koven is a composer , performer , producer and educator .

set: Steve Koven is a composer , performer and educator .


set: As an educator , Steve has been teaching in the Faculty of Music at York University since 2003 , teaching Contemporary Improvisation and Jazz Piano .

set: As an educator , Koven has been teaching in the Faculty of Music at York University since 2003 . He teaches Contemporary Improvisation and Jazz Piano .


set: In 1993 Steve established the Steve Koven Trio .

set: In 1993 Steve started the Steve Koven Trio .


set: The two appeared together since appearing regularly on `` Tonight Starring Steve Allen '' in the mid-1950s until Gormé 's retirement in 2009 .

set: The two appeared together since appearing regularly on `` Tonight Starring Steve Allen '' in the mid-1950s until Gormé 's retirement .


set: Stephen Lillywhite , CBE ( born 15 March 1955 ) is an English six-time Grammy Award winning record producer .

set: Stephen Lillywhite , CBE ( born 15 March 1955 ) is an English five-time Grammy Award winning record producer .


set: Since he began his career in 1977 , Lillywhite has been credited on over 500 records and has collaborated with a variety of musicians including U2 , The Rolling Stones , Dave Matthews Band , Bruce Foxton ( of The Jam ) , Big Country , Peter Gabriel , Talking Heads , Morrissey , Thirty Seconds to Mars , The Killers , The Pogues , David Byrne , XTC , Siouxsie and the Banshees , Simple Minds , The Psychedelic Furs , Beady Eye , Phish , Counting Crows and Joan Armatrading .

set: He has worked with many other artists including The Rolling Stones , Dave Matthews Band , Bruce Foxton ( of The Jam ) , Big Country , Peter Gabriel , Talking Heads , Morrissey , Thirty Seconds to Mars , The Killers , The Pogues , David Byrne , XTC , Siouxsie and the Banshees , Simple Minds , The Psychedelic Furs , Beady Eye , Phish , Counting Crows and Joan Armatrading .


set: Then it gets real easy to write this stuff , because all you have to do is twist everything hard -- you twist the punch line , you twist the non sequitur so hard away from the things that set it up '' .

set: Then it gets real easy to write this stuff , because all you have to do is twist everything hard -- you twist the punch line , you twist the non sequitur so hard away from the things that set it up , that it 's easy ... and it 's thrilling . ''


set: McNair had two sons by Mechelle : Tyler and Trenton ; and two sons - Steve LaTreal McNair and Steven O'Brian Koran McNair ; - by two other women .

set: McNair had two sons by Mechelle : Steve LaTreal McNair , Steven O'Brian Koran McNair ; and two sons - Tyler and Trenton - by two other women .


set: Steven Rodney `` Steve '' McQueen ( born 9 October 1969 ) is a British film director , producer , screenwriter , and video artist .

set: Steven Rodney `` Steve '' McQueen , CBE ( born 9 October 1969 ) is a British movie director and artist .


set: `` Bear '' ( 1993 ) was McQueen 's first major film , presented at the Royal College of Art in London .

set: In 1993 his first major movie `` Bear '' was shown at the Royal College of Art in London .


set: Steve Passmore ( born January 29 , 1973 in Thunder Bay , Ontario ) is a former Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender .

set: Steve Passmore ( born January 29 , 1973 in Thunder Bay , Ontario ) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender .


set: Stephen L. Reeves ( January 21 , 1926 -- May 1 , 2000 ) was an American bodybuilder and actor .

set: Stephen L. `` Steve '' Reeves ( 21 January 1926 - 1 May 2000 ) was an American bodybuilder and actor .


set: On January 25 , 2007 , Reich was named 2007 recipient of the Polar Music Prize with jazz saxophonist Sonny Rollins .

set: On January 25 , 2007 , Reich was named the 2007 recipient of the Polar Music Prize , together with jazz saxophonist Sonny Rollins .


set: The American composer and critic Kyle Gann has said Reich `` may ... be considered , by general acclamation , America 's greatest living composer '' .

set: The critic Kyle Gann has said Reich `` may ... be considered ... America 's greatest living composer . ''


set:
, voiced by Scott Grimes .
He is voiced by Scott Grimes .


set: In early April 2015 allegations of rape were made public in the Belgian media .

set: In early April of 2015 allegations of rape were made public in the Belgian media .


set: Stevaert was also elected to the Flemish parliament in 1995 and was re-elected in 1999 and 2004 .

set: Stevaert was in 1995 also elected to the Flemish parliament and was re-elected in 1999 and 2004 .


set: Steve Stevaert ( ; born Robert Stevaert ; 12 April 1954 -- 2 April 2015 ) was a Belgian politician of the Flemish Socialist Party : the SP.A .

set: Steve Stevaert ( ] ; born Robert Stevaert ] ; 12 April 1954 -- 2 April 2015 ) was a Belgian politician of the Flemish Socialist Party : the SP.A .


set: From the late 1970s he was also a nightclub host and promoter .

set: From the late 1970s he was also a very well known nightclub host and promoter .


set: He also appeared in the feature films `` The Campaign '' , `` The Guilt Trip '' , `` Seven Pounds '' , `` First Daughter '' , `` Disney 's The Kid '' , `` Pulse '' , `` Rendition '' and '' '' .

set: He also appeared in some movies `` The Campaign '' , `` The Guilt Trip '' , `` Seven Pounds '' , `` First Daughter '' , `` Disney 's The Kid '' , `` Pulse '' , `` Rendition '' and '' '' .


set: He has guest-starred in a number of television series including `` Major Crimes '' , `` Modern Family '' , `` How I Met Your Mother '' , `` Drake & Josh '' , `` ER '' , `` NYPD Blue '' , `` Sleeper Cell '' , `` Two and a Half Men '' , `` Prison Break '' , `` The West Wing '' , `` The Spoils of Babylon '' , `` The Spoils Before Dying '' and among other television series .

set: He has guest-starred in a number of television shows including `` Major Crimes '' , `` Modern Family '' , `` How I Met Your Mother '' , `` Drake & Josh '' , `` ER '' , `` NYPD Blue '' , `` Sleeper Cell '' , `` Two and a Half Men '' , `` Prison Break '' , `` The West Wing '' and other television series .


set: Stephen Wilson `` Steve '' Tom ( born September 20 , 1953 ) is an American actor .

set: Steve Tom ( born September 20 , 1953 ) is an American movie , and television actor .


set: Steve Viksten ( July 19 , 1960 -- June 23 , 2014 ) was an American television writer and voice actor who was best known for voicing the character Oskar Kokoshka on the Nickelodeon animated series `` Hey Arnold ! ''

set: Steve Viksten ( July 19 , 1960 -- June 23 , 2014 ) was an American television producer , writer and voice actor . He was best known for voicing the character Oskar Kokoshka ( and co-creating , writing and producing ) on the Nickelodeon animated series `` Hey Arnold ! ''


set: He also received honorary degrees from North Carolina State University and Nova Southeastern University , and the Telluride Tech Festival Award of Technology .

set: He also received an honorary degrees from North Carolina State University , Nova Southeastern University , and the Telluride Tech Festival Award of Technology .


set: In September 2000 , Wozniak was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame , and in 2001 he was awarded the 7th Annual Heinz Award for Technology , the Economy and Employment .

set: In September 2000 , Wozniak was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame . In 2001 he was awarded the 7th Annual Heinz Award for Technology , the Economy and Employment .


set: In May 2011 , Wozniak received an honorary Doctor of Engineering degree from Michigan State University .

set: In May 2011 , Michigan State University gave Wozniak an honorary Doctor of Engineering degree .


set: In 1985 , Wozniak received the National Medal of Technology ( with Steve Jobs ) from US President Ronald Reagan .

set: In 1985 , US President Ronald Reagan presented Wozniak ( with Steve Jobs ) the National Medal of Technology .


set: Stephen Gregory Yzerman ( ; born May 9 , 1965 ) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey player and current general manager of the Tampa Bay Lightning of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) .

set: Stephen Gregory `` Steve '' Yzerman ( born May 9 , 1965 ) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey centre and current general manager of the Tampa Bay Lightning of the National Hockey League .


set: Yzerman spent his entire NHL playing career with the Detroit Red Wings and is a member of the Hockey Hall of Fame .

set: Yzerman played his entire National Hockey League ( NHL ) career with the Detroit Red Wings and is a member of the Hockey Hall of Fame .


set: Steven Adler ( born Michael Coletti ; January 22 , 1965 ) is an American musician .

set: Steven Adler ( born Michael Coletti , January 22 , 1965 ) is an American musician .


set: He appeared on the second and fifth seasons of the reality TV show `` Celebrity Rehab with Dr. Drew '' , as well as on the first season of its spin-off `` Sober House '' .

set: Adler appeared on the second and fifth seasons of the reality television show `` Celebrity Rehab with Dr. Drew '' for his drug rehabilitation . He also appeared on the first season of its spin-off show `` Sober House '' .


set: Steven Ronald Bochco ( born December 16 , 1943 ) is a US television producer and writer .

set: Steven Ronald Bochco ( born December 16 , 1943 ) is a American television producer and writer .


set: Steven John Fromholz ( June 8 , 1945 -- January 19 , 2014 ) was an American entertainer , singer-songwriter who was selected as the Poet Laureate of Texas for 2007 .

set: Steven Fromholz ( June 8 , 1945 -- January 19 , 2014 ) was an American entertainer , poet , singer and songwriter . He was the Poet Laureate of Texas in 2007 .


set: Steven R. Nagel Steven Ray Nagel ( October 27 , 1946 -- August 21 , 2014 ) , ( Col , USAF ) , was an American astronaut , aeronautical and mechanical engineer , test pilot , and a United States Air Force pilot .

set: Steven R. Nagel Steven Ray Nagel ( October 27 , 1946 -- August 21 , 2014 ) , ( Col , USAF ) , was an American astronaut , aeronautical and mechanical engineer , test pilot and a United States Air Force pilot .


set: Nagel retired from the Air Force , effective February 28 , 1995 .

set: Nagel retired from the Air Force , effective February 28 , 1995 and as an astronaut one month later .


set: Rea was born in London , England , and was raised in New York City .

set: Rea was born in London , England . He was raised in New York City .


set: In addition to his biological children , he is the guardian to a Tibetan child , Yabshi Pan Rinzinwangmo .

set: In addition to his biological children he is the guardian to a Tibetan child , Yabshi Pan Rinzinwangmo .


set: He became the first foreigner to operate an Aikido dojo in Japan .

set: He became the first foreigner to have an Aikido dojo in Japan .


set: Seagal is married and has seven children from four relationships .

set: Seagal has seven children from four relationships .


set: A 7th-dan black belt in Aikido , Seagal began his adult life as an Aikido instructor in Japan .


set: In the United States he married former `` Days of Our Lives '' actress Adrienne La Russa , despite his divorce to Fujitani not yet being finalized .

set: In the United States he married former `` Days of our Lives '' actress Adrienne La Russa .


set: Steven Joel Sotloff ( May 11 , 1983 -- September 2 , 2014 ) was an American-Israeli journalist .

set: Steven Joel Sotloff ( May 11 , 1983 -- September 2 , 2014 ) was an American journalist .


set: On August 19 , 2014 , the terrorist organization The Islamic State ( IS ) released a video titled `` A Message to America '' , showing the beheading of fellow journalist James Foley .

set: On August 19 , 2014 , the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant released a video titled `` A Message to America '' , showing the beheading of fellow journalist James Foley .


set: Only days after this threat was released , the U.S. stepped up airstrikes against IS , firing 14 missiles at various IS Humvees near the Mosul Dam .

set: However , only days after this threat was released , the U.S. stepped up airstrikes against ISIS . The U.S. fired 14 missiles at various ISIS Humvees near the Mosul Dam .


set: On November 11 , 2013 , Stamkos suffered a broken tibia in a game against the Boston Bruins .

set: Stamkos broke his tibia in a game against the Boston Bruins on November 11 , 2013 .


set: Steven Tweed ( born 8 August 1972 ) is a former Scottish footballer player and manager .

set: Steven Tweed ( born 8 August 1972 ) is a Scottish football player .


set: Steven Tyler ( born Steven Victor Tallarico ; March 26 , 1948 ) is an American singer-songwriter , multi-instrumentalist , and former television music competition judge , best known as the lead singer of the Boston-based rock band Aerosmith , in which he also plays the harmonica , and occasional piano and percussion .

set: Steven Tyler ( born Steven Victor Tallarico ; March 26 , 1948 ) is an American singer-songwriter , multi-instrumentalist , and a television music competition judge . He is best known as for being the frontman of the Boston-based rock band Aerosmith .


set: In 1999 a millennium countdown clock was mounted on the town centre clock tower , displaying the time remaining until the year 2000 .

set: In 1999 , a millennium countdown clock was put up on the town centre clock tower , which showed how much time was left until the year 2000 .


set: Stevenson is a city in Jackson County , Alabama , United States , and is included in the Chattanooga-Cleveland-Dalton , TN-GA-AL Combined Statistical Area .

set: Stevenson is a city in Jackson County , Alabama , United States , and is included in the Huntsville-Decatur Combined Statistical Area .


set: She was deemed `` The Reigning Queen of Rock and Roll '' and one of the `` 100 Greatest Singers of All Time '' by `` Rolling Stone '' , and , as a member of Fleetwood Mac , was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1998 .

set: She was named `` The Reigning Queen of Rock and Roll '' and one of the `` 100 Greatest Singers of All Time '' by `` Rolling Stone '' . As a member of Fleetwood Mac , she was selected to be included in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1998 .


set: He is best known for writing the screenplay for the iconic film `` Rebel Without a Cause '' ( 1955 ) , starring James Dean .

set: He was best known for writing the screenplay for the iconic movie `` Rebel Without a Cause '' ( 1955 ) , starring James Dean .


set: As of 2005 , its population had reduced to less than 500 .

set: As of 2005 , its population had declined to less than 500 people .


set: She and her sister Euryale were both immortal , and the third sister , Medusa , was mortal .

set: She and her sister Eurale was immortal , and the third sister Medusa was mortal .


set: Stian Barsnes-Simonsen ( born 20 April 1979 in Bergen ) is a Norwegian actor and television host of `` Amigo '' , `` Midt i smørøyet '' and `` Melodi Grand Prix '' .

set: Stian Barsnes-Simonsen ( born 20 April 1979 in Bergen ) is a Norwegian actor and television presenter of `` Amigo '' , `` Midt i smørøyet '' and `` Melodi Grand Prix '' . As host .


set: An unusual feature of sticklebacks is that they have no scales , although some species have bony armour plates .

set: An unusual features of sticklebacks is that they have no scales , although some species have bony armour plates .


set: However , several of the species have a number of recognised subspecies , and the taxonomy of the family is thought to be in need of revision .

set: Several of the species have a number of recognised subspecies , and the taxonomy of the family is thought to be in need of revision .


set: Stiff Upper Lip is an album by Australian hard rock band AC/DC .

set: Stiff Upper Lip is the fourteenth studio album by Australian hard rock band AC/DC .


set: He attended the Royal Swedish Academy of Arts between 1947 and 1952 , during which time he began to illustrate Swedish literature such as the novels of Per Anders Fogelström .

set: He went to the Royal Swedish Academy of Arts between 1947 and 1952 , when he began to illustrate Swedish classical books such as those written by Per Anders Fogelström .


set: Stigler is a city and county seat of Haskell County , Oklahoma , United States .

set: Stigler is a city of Oklahoma in the United States . It is the county seat of Haskell County .


set: Stijn , Baron Coninx ( born 21 February 1957 ) is a Belgian film director best known for the movie `` Daens '' .

set: Stijn , Baron Coninx ( born 21 February 1957 in Neerpelt , Belgium ) is a Belgian movie director . He is best known for the movie `` Daens '' .


set: Still Not Getting Any ... Still Not Getting Any ... is the second studio album by French-Canadian pop punk band Simple Plan .

set: Still Not Getting Any ... Still Not Getting Any ... is the second studio album by Canadian pop punk band , Simple Plan .


set: It is the county seat of Payne County , Oklahoma , United States .

set: Stillwater is the county seat of Payne County , Oklahoma , United States .


set: Stilwell is a city and county seat of Adair County , Oklahoma , United States .

set: Stilwell is a city of Oklahoma in the United States . It is the county seat of Adair County .


set: In psychology , a stimulus is an energy change ( such as light or sound ) which is registered by the senses .

set: In psychology , a stimulus is an energy change ( such as light or sound ) which is received by the senses .


set: Steve Borden , Sr. ( born March 20 , 1959 ) , better known by the ring name Sting , is an American professional wrestler currently employed by WWE .

set: Steve Borden ( born March 20 , 1959 ) , is an American professional wrestler , better known as his ring name Sting .


set: Construction began on 27 April 2012 , and the arena was opened on 6 October 2012 .

set: Construction began on 27 April 2012 . The arena was opened on 6 October 2012 .


set: Stinsen Arena is an indoor bandy venue in Nässjö , Sweden .

set: Stinsen Arena is an indoor bandy venue in Nässjö in Sweden .


set: The first game inside the arena was played on 11 October 2012 when Nässjö IF lost , 2-7 , to Vetlanda BK .

set: The first game inside the arena was played on 11 October 2012 . In that game , Nässjö IF lost , 2-7 , to Vetlanda BK .


set: The castle sits atop Castle Hill , an intrusive crag , which forms part of the Stirling Sill geological formation .

set: The castle sits atop Castle Hill , an intrusive volcanic crag , part of the Stirling Sill geological formation .


set: Most of the principal buildings of the castle date from the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries .

set: Most of the buildings of the castle date from the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries .


set: There have been at least eight sieges of Stirling Castle , including several during the Wars of Scottish Independence , with the last being in 1746 , when Bonnie Prince Charlie unsuccessfully tried to take the castle .

set: There have been at least eight sieges of Stirling Castle , including several during the Wars of Scottish Independence . The last siege was in 1746 , when Bonnie Prince Charlie faied to take the castle .


set: Several Scottish Kings and Queens have been crowned at Stirling , including Mary , Queen of Scots , in 1542 .

set: Several Scottish kings and queens ] ] have been crowned at Stirling , including Mary , Queen of Scots , in 1542 .


set: It is often considered more of a backdoor pilot for the spinoff series '' '' rather than a sequel to the original film .

set: It is often considered more of a pilot for the spinoff series '' '' rather than a sequel to the original movie .


set: It is a thin , tapered metal shaft , coming to a sharp point , either straight or slightly bent .

set: It has a thin , tapered metal shaft , coming to a sharp point , either straight or slightly bent .


set: Stites is a city in Idaho County , Idaho , United States .

set: Stites is a city of Idaho in the United States .


set: Early stoas were open at the entrance with columns , usually of the Doric order , lining the side of the building ; they created a safe , enveloping , protective atmosphere .

set: Early stoas were open at the entrance with columns , usually of the Doric order , lining the side of the building .


set: Making stocks involves simmering animal bones and/or meat , seafood , or vegetables in water and/or wine , adding mirepoix or other aromatics for more flavour .

set: A stock is made by simmering animal bones and/or meat , fish , or vegetables in water and/or wine , adding mirepoix or other aromatics for more flavour .


set: A single piece of stock footage is called a `` stock shot '' or a `` library shot '' .

set: A piece of stock footage is called a `` stock shot '' or a `` library shot '' .


set: Stock footage , and similarly , archive footage , library pictures and file footage is film or video footage that can be used in other films .

set: Stock footage ( also called archive footage , library pictures , and file footage ) is movie or video footage that can be used in other movies .


set: Stock is a village and civil parish in south Essex , England .

set: Stock is a village and civil parish in City of Chelmsford , Essex , England .


set: The Stockholm Eagles is a basketball club in Stockholm , Sweden .

set: The Stockholm Eagles is a basketball club in Stockholm in Sweden .


set: The students were graded , and the classes where phtographed wearing housemaid uniforms .

set: The students were graded . The classes where phtographed wearing housemaid uniforms .


set: The Stockholm Town Housemaid School ( ) was a vocational school started in 1938 at Scheelegatan 8 on the island of Kungsholmen in Stockholm , Sweden .

set: ) was a vocational school . It was started in 1938 at Scheelegatan 8 on the island of Kungsholmen in Stockholm , Sweden .


set: The operation is contracted to MTR Corporation .

set: The operation is currently contracted to MTR Corporation .


set: The long metro system is owned by the Stockholm County Council through the company Storstockholms Lokaltrafik ( SL ) .

set: The 105.7 km long metro system is owned by the Stockholm County Council through Storstockholms Lokaltrafik ( SL ) .


set: The first line opened in 1950 , and today the system has 100 stations in use , of which 47 are underground and 53 above ground .

set: The system has 100 stations in use , 47 of them are underground and 53 above ground .


set: Stockwell is a London Underground station in Stockwell in the London Borough of Lambeth .

set: Stockwell tube station is a London Underground station in Stockwell , in the London Borough of Lambeth .


set: It is located on the Northern line between Oval and Clapham North stations , and on the Victoria line between Brixton and Vauxhall stations .

set: It is situated between Clapham North and Oval on the Northern line , and between Vauxhall and Brixton on the Victoria Line .


set: Stoics were concerned with the active relationship between cosmic determinism and human freedom , and the belief that it is virtuous to maintain a will ( called `` prohairesis '' ) that is in accord with nature .

set: It concerns the active relationship between cosmic determinism and human freedom , and the belief that it is virtuous to maintain a will ( called `` prohairesis '' ) that is in accord with nature .


set: Stoicism is a school of Hellenistic philosophy founded in Athens by Zeno of Citium in the early 3rd century BC .

set: Stoicism was a school of Hellenistic philosophy and was founded in Athens by Zeno of Citium in the early third century BC .


set: From its founding , Stoic doctrine was popular with a following in Roman Greece and throughout the Roman Empire -- including the Emperor Marcus Aurelius -- until the closing of all pagan philosophy schools in 529 AD by order of the Emperor Justinian I , who perceived them as being at odds with Christian faith .

set: Stoic doctrine was popular in Greece and the Roman Empire from its founding until all the schools of philosophy were ordered closed in 529 AD by the Emperor Justinian I , who perceived their pagan character to be at odds with his Christian faith .


set: Stoke Ash is a village and civil parish in the Mid Suffolk district of Suffolk in eastern England .

set: Stoke Ash is a village and civil parish in Mid Suffolk , Suffolk , England .


set: It is situated 20 km east of Zwickau , and 17 km southwest of Chemnitz .

set: It is 20 km east of Zwickau , and 17 km southwest of Chemnitz .


set: Plants with stolons are called stoloniferous .

set: Plants with stolons or stolon-like rhizomes are called `` stoloniferous '' .


set: Connors spent a short time living with his mother in a low-security women 's penitentiary before he was seized by Children 's Aid Society and was later adopted by Cora and Russell Aylward in Skinners Pond , Prince Edward Island .

set: He spent a small time living with his mother in a low-security women 's penitentiary before he was taken by Children 's Aid Society and he was later adopted by Cora and Russell Aylward of Skinners Pond , Prince Edward Island .


set: Charles Thomas `` Stompin ' Tom '' Connors , OC ( February 9 , 1936 March 6 , 2013 ) was one of Canada 's most prolific and well-known country and folk singer-songwriters .

set: Charles Thomas Connors , OC ( February 9 , 1936 -- March 6 , 2013 ) was a Canadian singer-songwriter . He was one of Canada 's most well-known country and folk singers .


set: When `` Late Night with Conan O'Brien '' taped a week 's worth of shows in Canada in 2004 , Connors was one of the guests of honour , leading the Toronto audience in a rendition of `` The Hockey Song '' ; this was one of the few times Connors performed on American television .

set: Connors was guest on Late Night with Conan O'Brien in 2004 when the show had taped a week 's - worth of episodes . He performed a rendition of `` The Hockey Song '' along with the Toronto audience .


set:
Professional wrestling career .
Wrestling career .


set: Since 2007 , two parts of the site , the Naigu Stone Forest ( 乃古石林 ) and Suogeyi Village ( 所各邑村 ) , have been UNESCO World Heritage Sites as part of the South China Karst .

set: Two parts of the site , the Naigu Stone Forest and Suogeyi Village are UNESCO World Heritage Sites . They are part of the South China Karst .


set: Stone Mountain is located in the eastern part of Dekalb County and is a suburb of the Atlanta metropolitan area .

set: Stone Mountain is located in the eastern part of Dekalb County and is a suburb of the Atlanta , Georgia .


set: It is found in Namibia , South Africa , and possibly Angola .

set: It is found in Namibia , South Africa , and sometimes in Angola .


set: The bluestones ( some of which are made of dolerite , an igneous rock ) , were thought for much of the twentieth century to have been transported by humans from the Preseli Hills , away in modern-day Pembrokeshire in Wales .

set: The bluestones ( made of dolerite , an igneous rock ) , were thought for much of the 20th century to have been brought from the Preseli Hills , 160 mi away in modern-day Pembrokeshire , Wales .


set: Stonehenge , Avebury and Associated Sites is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in Wiltshire , England .

set: Stonehenge , Avebury and Associated Sites is the UNESCO World Heritage Site in Wiltshire , England .