Military Historical Library
"The War in Korea 1950-1953"
Chief Editor N. L. Volkovskiy
Editor I. V. Petrova
OOO Izdatel'stvo Poligon, Saint Petersburg 2000;928 pp.
Chapter 6. Political Work in the Forces
1. Organization of Political Work in the Forces of the Korean Peoples ' Army
and the Chinese Volunteers
One of the factors guaranteeing the victory of the KPA and CPV was their high morale spirit and patriotism. All of this stemmed from the political work carried out in the forces. It was the basis upon which the harmonious goals of the war were explained to personnel, soldiers and officers were inspired to have hatred and contempt for the enemy, ideological work was related to the actual combat missions of the forces, study was resented on the strengths and weaknesses of the enemy side, his propaganda was exposed, and hatred of the enemy was instilled.
These and other measures played a significant role in maintaining combat capability and steadfastness in units and subunits. While studying the fact that many commanders and cultural enlightenment workers had no experience with conducting political work in a combat situation, groups were created at division level from the leadership of the workers of the Central Committee of the Korean Workers' Party and the Cultural Enlightenment Directorate of the Ministry of National Defense. These groups assisted the commander in carrying out combat tasks, created societal order in the rear area of advancing forces, taught structure to local residents and explained to them the goals and missions of the struggle, and incited the population to restore and repair lines of communication, communications lines, extinguish fires, provide assistance to the rear services organs of the army in maintaining continuous supply of ammunition, fuel, and provisions to the forces while evacuating the wounded and maintaining order along the lines of communication, informing the Central Committee of the Party and the Ministry of National Defense on the course of combat operations and the political-morale condition of the army and the population.
A great deal of significance came from the work to create cadres of cultural enlightenment workers at the company level, selecting and assigning agitators in subunits, and organizing the apparatus to conduct political work among enemy troops and prisoners of war.
Work in agitation of the masses was widely deployed. Under conditions of a rapid offensive the most widely disseminated forms of this work were meetings, military-political information and interviews, as well as those means like the press, radio, and vocal agitation put out by the cultural enlightenment brigades.
Meetings had a great mobilizing significance, as they were held prior to the march, when loading railway wagons, in assembly areas, prior to occupying the starting points, and after combat.
Drawing from those situations, meetings were held in companies, battalions and on occasion regiments. At these meetings the commanders of subunits and units and their deputies for cultural enlightenment work held forth. In their speeches they gave the combat mission to their personnel and explained what would improve if it were completed. A large role was played by bringing soldiers into the meeting. Using short speeches they painted a picture of their recent lives - the heavy state of affairs under the Japanese occupiers and read letters from their parents and friends living in the southern pan of Korea. Local residents also came before the soldiers and officers at the meetings pointing out the oppression and humiliation suffered from the South Korean powers and American forces. Meetings were widely held at the gravesites of dead warriors and in the ashes of settlements destroyed by the enemy.
One of the important forms of political work among the personnel of operational units of the KPA was military-political information Commanders and cultural enlightenment organ workers provided this information about important events going on in the rear areas of the country directly to the soldiers. Military-political information was provided at company and battery level, and built upon materials on the self-sacrificing work of the people of the DPRK, combat success of formations, units and subunits of the KPA, and provided examples of the heroic valor of its soldiers, sergeants and officers of the Peoples' Army.
A great deal of significance was given to information on the status of enemy forces. Information on the destruction suffered by the enemy, about Singman Rhee and American soldiers fleeing in panic, of the bestiality and destruction inflicted along the path of their withdrawal, and the enemy's understanding of the offensive spirit of the fighters of the Peoples' Army all gave them new strength in their fight against the enemy.
A major role in instilling this offensive spirit into the political work with the soldiers was played by agitators in the platoons, squads, sections, crews and reconnaissance groups. In just a short period of time thousands of army agitators were created in operational units and formations. Along with political discussions the agitators assisted the officers and sergeants in providing combat missions to the soldiers, explaining various combat signals to them, learning the dangers posed by enemy aircraft and tanks, and discussed tactics and methods taken by enemy soldiers and subunits. At the moment of the offensive the agitators were in the first ranks of the attackers. They cried for the soldiers to move forward to seize the designated line, and once the line was crossed waved the national flag of the Democratic Peoples' Republic of Korea. Each agitator carried these flags along with newspapers and leaflets. They were prepared from material, banners, and paper and were small in size, so that they would not hinder the movement of the soldiers. The agitators assisted the commanders to identify soldiers who distinguished themselves in combat, wrote congratulatory letters to their parents, and published combat lists.
During the course of combat operations propaganda and agitation expanded to great size: leaflets, posters, information, articles, and correspondence. Thus, for example, the Cultural Enlightenment Directorate of the Ministry of National Defense published a huge number of leaflets addressed to the personnel of the formations and units of the KPA on these subjects: "Do not dislodge the enemy, surround and destroy him with decisive operations and skillful maneuvers!" "Skillfully repulse the enemy tanks. To the seasoned warrior a tank is no threat!" "Think about protection from enemy aviation!" "Be vigilant and alert! Remember that the enemy is perfidious and without mercy!" "Study how to use terrain and quickly camouflage yourselves!" Posters were published for machine gunners, antitank fighters, signalmen, drivers, driver-mechanics, sappers, and scouts. All of these materials were published based on experience acquired in combat, addressed shortcomings, and played an important role in increasing the combat mastery of the army.
In July and August 1950 the Presidium of the Supreme Peoples' Assembly of the Democratic Peoples' Republic of Korea created the highest award for heroism and valor in combat - the rank of Hero of the DPRK, brought out new orders and medals of the Republic, and approved the "Status on Guards Units and Formations" and a resolution on the creation of a uniform chest badge to indicate combat wounded.
The first ones to be designated Heroes of the DPRK were tanker Kang Te Ki of the 105th Tank Division, who planted the flag of the DPRK on the Singman Rhee government National Assembly building in Seoul; naval PT boat detachment commander Kim Ku Ok, who fought an unequal battle with two enemy destroyers; and pilot Kim Gi Ok, who in the first days of the war shot down 6 enemy aircraft; also the award was given to the commanders of a number of formations and units of the KPA. Thousands of soldiers, sergeants and officers were decorated with orders and medals of the Republic.
With the acceptance of the status of Guards units and formations the KPA started a fight for the right to carry the Guards banner. The first units to receive it were the 3rd, 4th, and 6th Infantry Divisions and the 11th Antiaircraft Artillery Regiment.
The existence of Guards units and formations were great events in the combat activities of the army. Commanders and cultural enlightenment organs organized the study, edification and dissemination of the experiences of the Guardsmen. In one of the Cultural Enlightenment Directorate leaflets they wrote: "The Guardsmen considered that the attacks on the enemy positions, as is correct, should come with an offensive during the hours of darkness or at dawn. The enemy fought against the night attack, but his technology, in which he placed so much faith, could not provide the necessary level of effectiveness in the dark, as the effects of aviation under nighttime conditions are strictly limited.
"In their offensive the Guardsmen strove to get into immediate contact with the enemy, skillfully making use of their approach and seizures, deeply penetrating into the depths of his defenses, all of which made his use of aviation very difficult.
"Artillery, tanks and other technology from which the Guardsmen not only effectively concealed in daylight, but managed to bunker in, could not be moved by force or time.
"The Guardsmen studied how to intercept the enemy's established use of signals to call for aircraft over the radio. By making use of that, the Guardsmen were seldom spotted by the enemy's aviation.
"Study how to fight like the Guardsmen!"
In early August 1950 the Americans began to make wide use of tanks across the front. The first time they came up against the large-scale use of tanks in combat, and having no experience in how to deal with them, many KPA soldiers fell into confusion. Individual soldiers managed to form an ineffective means of conducting the fight of infantry against tanks.
Commanders and cultural enlightenment organs in the army organized the study of methods and measures to combat tanks, based on those of Soviet soldiers during the Great Patriotic War. Subunits set up narrow firing pits with view slits. Many soldiers began to hunt tanks with antitank rifles and signal flares. The experience of skilled hunters of enemy hunters was widely popularized. Frequently they themselves conducted discussions on methods and measures to destroy enemy technology. All of the army found out about the heroic valor of Private Son Chin Ku, who used grenades to wipe out two American tanks and up to 20 infantry tank riders, and the glorious actions of a group of tank hunters consisting of Go Kwan II, Pak Ben Sung, and Go Yang Kwan, who fought an unequal battle with five enemy tanks and their infantry tank riders. This group of daredevils earned the nickname of the "Korean Panfilovs."
Propaganda on the combat success of units and formations and the popularization of soldiers who distinguished themselves in combat had an important place in the political work of commanders and cultural enlightenment organs among the troops of the KPA.
At regular intervals, it was essential that a new generation of forces had to move forward to the army at the front. Reserves for combat units and formations were created under surprisingly difficult conditions and in a maximal short period of time. Preparing a new company to march was occasionally limited to just 10-15 days.
The Central Committee of the Korean Workers' Party gave an order to the Cultural Enlightenment Directorate organs in the army to concentrate their attention on the in-depth study of the new generation, provide assistance to commanders of reserve units in rapidly their young soldiers in military affairs, and create conditions for training that were as close to combat situations as possible. Together with this they organized political exercises, political information, discussions and readings for the reserve units. In all this work particular attention was paid to the thorough clarification of military rules and combat regulations. For work with the young generation the cultural enlightenment organs brought in a large number of soldiers from the front who had previously been knocked out of combat by wounds received. These combat participants imparted their combat experience to the young, gave them practical information on the skills of camouflage, bunkering in, and all other things that a soldier had to know in combat.
Political work saw a great deal of its mobilization and organizational effort spent upon carrying out combat missions and training the reserves. But even during the first stage of the war there were serious shortcomings in this work. The Cultural Enlightenment Directorate of the Ministry of National Defense had not ensured that it placed a significant amount of influence stressing combat activities to the troops, and experience showed political work on combat situations turned out to be weak. Among the officers in a significant number of units was the position that they would have a quick and easy victory over the enemy.
All of this required a reorientation and improvement of the work of cultural enlightenment organs, and an increase in the amount of responsibility they had to take for carrying out combat missions. With this goal, in July 1950 the Cabinet of Ministers of the DPRK decided to base the Cultural Enlightenment Directorate at the front, where it could head up the task of political educational work for all operational forces. Simultaneously with this they created a Cultural Enlightenment Section at Army level.
A large role in the improvement of political work among personnel was played by the publication of a huge number of brochures titled "Cultural Enlightenment Work in Offensive Combat" which laid out the following questions: the characteristics of modern offensive combat and the significance of the morale factor in combat; the significance of cultural enlightenment work in instilling steadfast morale in troops; tasks, forms and methods of cultural enlightenment work in a combat situation; cultural enlightenment work on the march; cultural enlightenment work at the starting position; political support for the attack and combat in the depths of the enemy defense, organization of cultural education work during the period of strengthening the achieved success and assessing the results of the offensive.
In the newspapers Korean Peoples'Army and Agitator's Notebook materials were regularly published which aided the cultural enlightenment worker. It published letters and articles by deputy commanders for cultural enlightenment work, agitators, and active army organizations of the Union of Democratic Youth (UDY).
These measures played an important role in further improvement of the maintenance, forms and methods of political work in the forces of the KPA.
During the second stage of the war, when under pressure from overwhelming enemy forces the Korean Peoples' Army retreated, the role of political work underwent an unceasing growth.
Under these conditions it was necessary to support the organization of the army, increase the morale spirit of the personnel and strengthen their faith in victory, enact decisive measures to combat those who would disorganize the forces, sue for a truce or defeatists, deploy for intensive training of the reserves, bring back the rest of the troops remaining in the South, and maintain combat capability.
During the period of the withdrawal and defensive battles many operational and reserve units of the KPA suffered a significant weakening of military discipline. Analysis of this weakness showed that individual officers had not carried out some of their most important obligations, and had undervalued the significance of combat regulations in a combat situation. Their regard to carry out orders was formal, but they had a diminished view of initiative and responsibility for the combat capability of their subordinates, the condition of their weapons and combat technology.
Under these difficult conditions the functions of the cultural enlightenment organs were shown to be insufficient. The situation demanded the political workers provide solid assistance to the commanders not just in the area of education of personnel, but also in carrying out combat orders and decisively strengthening discipline and order in the forces. On 2 October 1950 the Political Council of the Korean Workers' Party made a decision, subsequently followed by the Presidium of the Supreme Peoples' Assembly of the DPKR publishing an order concerning the reorganization of the cultural enlightenment organs of the KPA and its political organs.
On 7 October the Ministry of National Defense formed the Main Political Directorate of the KPA on the basis of the former Cultural Enlightenment Directorate, which worked with the identical section of the Central Committee of the Korean Workers' Party. Simultaneously u ith this commensurate political sections were formed at army, division, military training establishment, and fleet levels. In place of the deputy unit and subunit commanders for cultural enlightenment work they instituted the position of deputy commanders for political units. During this period military councils were created at army level, and one of the main responsibilities of these organs was the education and maintenance of high levels of military discipline and order in the forces.
The Political Council of the Korean Workers' Party reached a decision in October 1950 to create Korean Workers' Party organizations within the KPA. The Main Political Directorate developed a "Position on Korean Workers' Party Organizations in the KPA" which determined the missions, organizational structure of the army Party organizations and the order of operation. In accordance with the position, battalions created their initial Party organizations, companies (batteries) Party organization subunits, and regiments established Party committees. At the unit and subunit level the Korean Workers' Party organizations were headed by the deputy commander for political units, and in formations the political organs.
The creation of political organs and Korean Workers' Party organizations led to a quantum improvement in all organizational-political and agitation-propaganda work in the army. Storm (shock) groups were created from members of the Korean Workers' Party and the UDY who skillfully used active operations to inflict great injury upon the enemy and frequently blockaded leading enemy units, giving their own forces the ability to organize their actions and withdraw to the north. The political workers and Party men who were most active found themselves in the most responsible sectors of combat operations where they themselves organized and carried out political work in the regiments, battalions and companies.
Along with morale-political effects measures the political organs assisted commanders when necessary in corresponding compulsive measures. Along the withdrawal routes the army set up blocking posts and detachments. These were in charge of the most dedicated and strong-willed commanders, political workers and soldiers. Deserters, truce seekers, panickers, and provocateurs were severely punished, including being just shot on site.
With a goal of strengthening troop discipline and increasing combat capability, a number of organizational and agitation-propaganda measures were taken. Every unit received a combat banner and personnel took combat oaths to it. Those soldiers, sergeants and officers who distinguished themselves in combat, especially those among the wounded, were decorated in accordance with established order. The awardees received distinguishing marks. Distinguishing marks were also created for command and leadership personnel. Disciplinary regulations for soldiers, sergeants and officers were published, and according to these they would receive assessments signed by officers and generals.
In agitation-propaganda work with the service members of the KPA, special attention was paid to concentrating on explaining all of the military oaths and regulations. These questions were covered in subjects related to political information, political knowledge, discussions, and reports.
After action reports were created in divisions, and in units personnel assemblies, assemblies of members of the Korean Workers' Party, and members of the UDY, where they studied the status of military discipline and tasks to strengthen it.
In a heavy situation like that which the KPA found itself during the second stage of the war, the Americans made wide use of provocation, exchanges, promises, threats and other measures of psychological effects against the personnel of the KPA. They dropped leaflets, inserted specially trained agents, and bribed the unreliable. The basic task of American propaganda at this time was to strive to create the appearance of the complete destruction of the Korean Peoples' Army, the lack of personnel reserves, provisions, weapons, and fuel in the KPA, as well as the crushing power of American aviation.
In its oral and written propaganda the Americans endeavored to show the KPA the relative international isolation of the DPRK. Actual materials show that the peace- loving forces of the world headed by the Soviet Union stood on the side of the Korean people, providing them assistance and morale support. Broad dissemination was made of the facts of the struggle of the Soviet delegation at the UN to fight for the rights of the DPRK.
Political work in the forces remaining in the enemy's rear area was focused upon retaining combat capability, organization, discipline, and the stamina of the personnel. Special attention was paid to possible instances of self-conducted retreat, retaining weapons and combat technology, the economic expenditure of ammunition and provisions, and the rapid capture and use of enemy weapons.
Commanders, political organs, Party organizations and UDY organizations carried out a large amount of political work with the local population in the enemy's rear area. The motto in the forces was this: "Each service member must become an agitator among the local population." Units created agitation collectives, published newspapers, and printed leaflets and posters. The South Korean population was called upon to enter into the KPA and partisan detachments, and carry out sabotage measures against South Korean powers and American forces. Agitation collectives in many cases had brigades of independent artists and groups of army artists. The KPA forces severely suppressed the slightest attempts at murder or worsening relations with the local population.
From the start of the thirds stage of the war, e.g. from the moment that the Chinese Volunteers entered the war, the question of aid from the Chinese people to the Korean people was widely disseminated in discussions, political information, lectures, reports, and in the press, leaflets and posters. Newspapers regularly published information on the amount of material assistance to Korea from China and that the Chinese nation had accepted tens of thousands of Korean children to educate and provide complete material support. This moment had a tremendous significance. This led the soldiers of the KPA to not only have faith in their victory, but also that their families were not alone in a difficult time as they would receive the necessary help and support.
In educational work among the Chinese Volunteers the fact was widely cited that detachments of Korean Volunteers had also participated in combat with the Peoples' Liberation Army against the Japanese forces.
Joint meetings and sessions were held between representatives of the Korean Peoples' Army and the Chinese Volunteers. These meetings brought the soldiers of the armies into even closer friendship. For their constant interaction and exchange of information the Main Political Directorate of the KPA placed groups of its own permanent representatives in CPV units and formations, who received the name "Special Detachments. "
During the offensive battles of late 1950 and early 1951 the KPA forces, liberating their own soil, collected facts on the killings and assaults carried out by the enemy. At this time loyal oaths and loyal observations were widely used in the forces. Soldiers, sergeants and officers executed by the enemy were deemed patriots, and as they saw the ashes and rubble of settlements before their own eyes their comrades swore these oaths to mercilessly avenge them on the enemy; many of the recited their own count of enemy soldiers, firing positions and technology destroyed. In a combat situation transmissions were sent up the chain of short items on success by subunits and individual soldiers, local mottoes were created, and lightning-leaflets were published. In the work to instill hatred for the enemy, wide use was made of information coming from the Commission of the Central Committee of the Unified Democratic Fatherland Front of Korea in uncovering the evil actions of the American forces and the Singman Lee army. This information was widely published in the army press, but the sharpest points on these actions were published in leaflets and on posters.
The instance of the use of bacteriological weapons by the enemy in 1952 inspired an even greater will in the resistance of the Korean people and their army. These facts of propaganda were widely used by the KPA to instill hatred of the enemy. In reports, discussions, and printed material personnel were told of international agreements and conventions that forbade the use of bacteriological and chemical weapons, as well as conducted discussions and consultations on measures of individual protection from bacteria.
Mass air raids by the Americans at low altitude created the possibility of the effective use of small arms against aircraft. Drawing on the experiences of subunits that had shot down several aircraft with machine guns and rifles, on 29 December 1950 the Supreme Commander of the KPA published a directive on the creation of detachments within units and formations for combating enemy aircraft using infantry weapons.
During January and the first half of February 1951 the personnel for these detachments were selected and trained. By the end of February there were 298 of these detachments in the army. By November, the numbers had risen to 376 detachments with a total of 6,918 personnel. Many of these hunting detachments had achieved a score of several aircraft shot down. Outstanding results were achieved, for example, by the hunting detachment commanded by Lieutenant Lee Kin Do. Between March and September 1951 the riflemen from his detachment shot down 7 enemy aircraft. Combat work by the hunting detachments was simplified by the conditions of the activities of the KPA ground forces and especially the work of truck transports.
A large role in fixing counter-aircraft combat in the forces was played by the hunting detachments.
Another vital function in the army was the movement to save severely wounded soldiers. Soldiers gave their blood, fought to economize and also save medicine and surgical supplies.
In their measures to eject the enemy from the territory of the DPRK, the KPA paid more and more attention to the questions of communications with the civilian population, the mobilization of their help to support the front, and the restoration of their normal lives in those areas which had been liberated. In accordance with an order from the Supreme Commander in regard to political organ personnel, sections were set aside to work among the population. Along with this organized work, such as the restoration of organs of local power, establishment of order in the settlements, accounting for government property, setting up markets and other things, the political organs of the KPA carried out mass political work among the population.
To strengthen the liaison between the army and the population, practice was made of inserting a delegation of service members into the settlements, enterprises, and to invite civilian delegations to come to military units. During planting work in the spring of 1951 a large number of soldiers from rear services units were allocated to assist the peasants.
Political organs spent a considerable amount of work among the civilian population in organizing the fight against enemy espionage and various types of diversionary activities. In order to create advantageous propaganda among the population on measures to combat epidemic illnesses, special detachments to localize infected areas were created; the organization of prophylactic inoculations against bacteriological diversions by American forces meant that they found no success in relation to the civilian population.
Under the conditions of the fourth stage of the war the task of political support was to create an unflinching defense in the coastal and central sectors of the front.
In reports, discussions, political information, the army press, leaflets and posters for the soldiers, weekly papers and combat leaflets there was a daily clarification of the questions related to the maintenance of constant combat readiness, an unflinching defense, increased vigilance and combat mastery. Units and subunits systematically held assemblies and meetings with weapons masters and soldiers. The best soldiers were brought out in front of the rest of the personnel to tell about their combat experience, conduct exercises with the young soldiers, and provide assistance to the command in training outstanding crews and subunits.
Political work in the forces of the Chinese Volunteers. The primary effort in educational work in the Chinese Peoples' Volunteers was concentrated at the company level. The central figure in education the soldiers was the company political leader or politruk. In a combat situation the company politruks were considered, as is correct, to be the most authoritative soldiers or junior commanders, and more than once demonstrated their personal valor in combat. The company politruks knew every soldier of the subunit well, maintained communications with his parents in the rear and told them of his heroism and courage, and paid a great deal of attention to the development of personal initiative on the battlefield by not waiting on insignificant items and encouraged using subjects, measures and means which were accessible to the company; they drew up a list of soldiers who had distinguished themselves, wrote letters of congratulations to their parents, etc. It follows to stress that the questions of developing personal initiative in the CPV forces received a great deal of attention. There were cases of a soldier lacking initiative, a complete lack of military bearing, the mindless independent search for a way out of a difficult situation, and a weakness for frequent skipping of Party meetings and assemblies of the New Democratic Union of Youth.
Personal initiative and the combat activity of the Chinese Volunteers was high. >From that a broad framework of the movement to display valor and overcome adversity was born and accepted. This movement had a tremendous amount of significance in the development of a soldier in his tactical bearing, combat mastery, instilling steadfastness in him and the thoughts on how to overcome adversity in his combat life, and mass heroism.
The entire system of political work on the consciousness of the Chinese Volunteers was to inculcate them with the understanding that it was impossible to establish a position without an order from the commander, to have faith in that commander, be prepared for self-sacrifice, to sense when to provide aid, and to love one's company. The amount of activity on this type of work was huge. In 1952, under the daily stress of combat several companies of the 12th, 15th and 38th Army Corps took losses of up to 90% in personnel, but ignoring that, the remaining 15-20 soldiers in the companies still managed to hold on to their company strong points. Frequently it turned out that American subunits were above and surrounding the tunnels of Chinese Volunteer defenders, but they could not get the Chinese out. Moreover, they took heavy losses from the skillful night probes of the Chinese soldiers. Enemy combat documents repeatedly stressed that if even one Chinese remained alive the defense would be maintained. They stressed several instances of repeating the valor of Aleksandr Matrosov. In the battles north of Kumwua (October - November 1952) the valor of Matrosov was repeated by warriors Sun Jiangyuan, Huang Svugwang, Su Shoayung, and others.
In their lives and combat activities the forces introduced into practice wide exposition of the combat exploits of common soldiers before a general assembly of the company or platoon members. As a result of this exposition at the assembly each soldier had his combat actions on the battlefield assessed and could consider himself as an Outstanding Soldier 3rd, 2nd, or 1st Class.
Wide dissemination was made of combat slogans, which served to motivate personnel at the most stressful moment of combat. The most common ones were these: "We fight to the end, We fight for victory!" "By fighting for Korea we are protecting the Motherland!" "Avenge the Korean People!" and others. But even with these general slogans, each company and even each platoon would develop their own based on actual events: "We avenge the death of our comrade (followed by the name of a deceased soldier or commander)" "Your position is not protected by numbers, but by skill and steadfastness!" The wounded used this one to call out to their fellow soldiers: "Comrades, avenge yourselves on the enemy for my blood!" In the defense slogans were written on paper, cardboard, or cloth and placed in a spot where they could be seen in front of the subunit, but in the offense and on the move they were carried by the best soldiers on the bayonets of their rifles.
For agitation-propaganda work, tried and true methods were used: meetings, discussions, and political information. The printed word was also widely used. Understanding that there were illiterate soldiers, the printed word reached most of the unit via collective readings. It is interesting that political, military and artistic literature were all propagandized. Since there was a shortage of books and not everyone could read them, this or that book was handed to the most literate soldier who then read its chapters to the rest of the assembled soldiers, but the most interesting spots were read out as sayings. The most characteristic sentences and passages, especially those that related to combat life, were written down and given to soldiers by commanders as a reminder or for them to learn by heart.
Thus, for example, the book "Battle and the Fearless," which was widely popular in the CPV forces, was written at the Korean front in 1952. This book included the following excerpts written in it: "Don't wait, but go out and seek to find the enemy. Assess and fight him." "Victory is made before the battle." "Hard in training, easy in battle." "A soldier must not sit and await death. He must bring it to the enemy." "It's good not everything is living in war. We must overcome our burdens, fight with the cold, with weariness, with loneliness - for those are also battles." "A soldier must always be thinking. A soldier must fight with his mind." "You can kill one with a bayonet, but with the mind you can kill thousands." "If you want to live, prepare to die." "Risk is a fortunate thing, for without risk there is no fortune." "Each must think how to prepare his own food. Each of you will become a soldier if you do not have to think how to make your own bread maker." "The main obligation and the main business of a commander is to think." "The declaration of a soldier is not in words, but in deeds and fire." "To spare yourself means you will not be spared." "The soldier who is not prepared will suffer much sorrow from a golden head." "The commander must always think of the worst case." "You must fight for time, and deny it to the enemy. When the light is the longest and the shortest, the fastest and the slowest, then the thing which more than anything else must be overcome and that more than anything else must be regretted is time."
A great deal of attention was paid to providing for a normal existence and organizing cultural events for the soldiers, since it was more important, but the time and primary sources of a satisfactory existence and cultural needs of the personnel were self- motivated and made use of the internal capabilities of the forces. At every opportunity personnel cleared away an area of ground for a fire, changed shoes and clothes, prepared a brazier, gathered fuel and boiled water. Wide use was made to encourage the timely provision of food to the combat positions. Much attention was paid to providing general and personal hygiene of personnel, and tending to the wounded and the sick. In light of the shortage of medical personnel and in order to reduce the number of people who perished of wounds on the battlefield, all soldiers studied how to remove them from the battlefield, provide first aid and other functions. Thus, for example, at the start of operations north of Kumhua each soldier had prepared 8-10 methods of extraction. In order to avoid epidemic illnesses, the fight in the forward positions turned to the sources of disease - insects and vermin. In the divisions thousands of nettings were prepared as well as flyswatters, breathing protectors, and dry traps baited for catching insects and mice.
Mass cultural work for the soldiers in their free time was carried out in companies and platoons. The primary forms were these: singing, playing musical instruments, artistic pursuits, composing poetry, painting, writing a diary, etc. In operational units brigades of artists were sent in as well as independent artists collectives of enterprises, writers and poets.
Political work in the CPV forces was varied and thorough. Its basic achievement was that it was always for real and closely related to combat missions.
2. Measures Taken by the Command and Political Organs of the Korean Peoples'
Army and the Chinese Volunteers for Psychological Effects
Against the Enemy Forces
The direction, nature and primary questions of propaganda as used among the forces and civilian population was determined by the leadership of the Political Council of the Central Committee of the Korean Workers' Party Committee on Leadership. The Committee consisted of a member of the Central Committee of the Korean Workers' Party (chairman), the chief of the Main Political Directorate of the KPA, chief of the Intelligence Directorate of the KPA, and the deputy Minister of Internal Affairs. Practical work in the command was provided by the 7th Section of the Main Political Directorate of the KPA, which had groups working among enemy forces, and in the political directorate of the front and political sections of the armies and instructors and translators in the political sections of the divisions. All work in demoralizing enemy forces was carried out by the political organs of the KPA in close and immediate cooperation with the political organs of the Chinese Volunteers.
A great deal of effort was paid to the political edification of the enemy. The main form of edification was the political debriefing of prisoners of war. Beside that, they studied the enemy press and captured documents. Valuable observations that could be used for propaganda came from radio intercepts, observations of the enemy on the battlefield, etc.
The primary form of work among UN forces and the Singman Rhee army was printed propaganda. During the war hundreds of millions of leaflets were printed, along with a huge number of papers, brochures and other agitation-propaganda materials in English, Korean and other languages. The majority of the leaflets for the Americans, British and other soldiers and officers were terse, to the point and written in clear language without inclusion of obsessive comments and in view of the peculiarities of propaganda meant for American and British soldiers. The leaflets meant for the Singman Rhee army were profusely illustrated, printed in several colors and reflected the Korean national colors.
Many of these leaflets were published with the goal of inciting conflict within the UN forces and strengthening the anti-American tendencies. A number of leaflets were addressed to dark-skinned soldiers. Beside that, leaflets were published that stressed sentimental themes (the last letter to a mother from her son, an American soldier who had died in Korea; a letter to Truman from a father refusing to accept an award for his son that had died in Korea, etc.) The leaflets made wide use of materials published by a number of important US persons opposed to the war in Korea, official materials, newspaper and information agenc~es. Thus, for example, a multi-thousand leaflet run was printed and disseminated among American forces that provided information from the Reuters News Agency dated 7 January 1953 that noted the US Secretary of the Army had reported that since the start of the war in Korea 46,000 US soldiers had deserted.
By studying the psychology of the enemy soldiers, the political organs of the KPA and CPV were able to disseminate gift packages on various major holidays (Christmas, New Year's, the Korean Osen National Day, etc.) with a set of leaflets, clean paper sheets, letters from prisoners of war and the local population, enamel badges with the blue world insignia, cigarettes, food products, and booklets. They established an interest, for example, in the booklet format. Published in a nice binding, they held a great deal of handbook materials, a calendar of events in Korea (when and where the Americans had been), speeches from Lincoln, Jefferson, Roosevelt, and various warnings (e.g. "War is only good for those who have not experienced it" "Live and let live") bright passages from Shakespeare ("Better to have dry bread at home than roast beef abroad" "The guilty never know peace" "East or west, home is best") and others.
As a basis for propaganda for converting prisoners, the Military Committee of the DPRK published Resolution No. 90, "On the treatment of officers and soldiers of the enemy forces who voluntarily changed over to the side of the KPA and CPV."
Illustrated invitations for converting prisoners were widely disseminated in English, Korean and Chinese texts. The invitation provided four guarantees (keeping your life, prisoners of war keeping personal items, good treatment and the provision of medical assistance) as well as a series of documentary photographs of the existence and life of prisoners of war.
As for what the American and British soldiers read in the leaflets, one can examine this fact: out of 409 American and British soldiers taken prisoner in August 1951, as debriefing showed, 106 had read the leaflets; out of 420 taken in the battle for the village of Kufan-ri near Chan Pkun, 122 men had read the leaflets and several held the invitations in their hands when they gave themselves up.
The peculiarities of agitation-propaganda materials for soldiers of the South Korean army were such that many of these materials only had a minimum amount of text and the basic idea was conveyed by illustrations.
Beside leaflets and brochures, the American soldiers were also supplied with the four-page newspaper "Peace". The combination and form of the materials published were drawn from various speeches by American politicians, showed the growth of resistance by American workers and profits of monopolists in regard to the war in Korea, showed the constant opposition from all of the peace-loving people of the world to American bestiality in Korea. The paper published a letter to the American soldiers from a prisoner, a letter from a hospital, information on the status of things in the USA, described the opposition of Americans to the struggle and the tremendous losses in men and combat technology that they had suffered.
For the soldiers and officers of the Singman Rhee army they published the newspaper "For Saving the Motherland from American Imperialism," the propaganda of which took the position of protecting the national interests of the Korean people. As pure agitation, powerful and bunkered-in loudspeaker stations were used which were located long the forward edge of the defense where they could broadcast to enemy forces. For use as speakers. American, British and South Korean prisoners were used. Especially popular among the South Korean soldiers were the use of female speakers, who were service members of the KPA. The technique of having prisoners of war coming up and breaking in on the radio nets was widely used. Thus, from January to October 1951 80 prisoners of war came up on the radio, of which 55 were American officers and soldiers. The central radio of the DPRK broadcast messages from American officers and soldiers who were prisoners of war that brought responses in the USA. Newspapers and radio companies commented on these transmissions and the families of the dead sent queries to the government, Congress, etc.
The command and political organs of the KPA and CPV paid a lot of attention to political work inside prisoner of war camps. American and British prisoners of war created the "committee to fight for peace" which was allied with supporters of worldwide peace. The committee published a 10 day journal "For Truth and Peace" which printed articles on real political themes. In 1953 the military prisoners consisting of soldiers and officers from the Singman Rhee army created the "Union to Fight to Save the Motherland from American Imperialism." The chairman of the Central Committee of the Union was selected as former Singman Rhee General Son Ho Sok, who was captured in 1950. The Union carried out propaganda among prisoners of war and among soldiers and officers of the South Korean army.
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First-time Therapy User
If you are looking to find out about what goes on behind the closed doors of the counselling room, then Susie Orbach’s The Impossibility of Sex is the book for your reading list. Don’t let the slightly ambiguous title mislead you. While reading it, you will have a thought-provoking taster of what happens in a therapeutic session. Moreover, you will have a unique opportunity to take a glimpse at the dilemmas and antagonising emotions of the therapist. Even though each plot is fictional, all of them closely reflect the dynamics which at times arise in therapists.
For those of you interested in a variety of therapeutic approaches, this book is an invitation to uncover how some psycho dynamic practitioners might work with you. Personally, I had a strong sense of the author’s capacity to present a detailed phenomenological account of her own processes and the lives of six clients appearing in the book.
It is written in an accessible language, yet stimulates the reader to do some investigative work into the issues uncovered and therapeutic approaches unveiled. It might also elevate your anxieties if you are a first time therapy-user.


A CHAIN OF MIRACLES
الكاتب : Harun Yahya_هارون يحي
قسم الكتاب : الإعجاز العلمي في القرآن والسنة
دار النشر : غير محدد
حجم الكتاب : 2.5MB
كتاب A CHAIN OF MIRACLES للكاتب Harun Yahya_هارون يحي , Miracles show the power of God - the glory and the Exalted - by the supernatural doings and customs of the Sunnah he does, which confirm the claim of the prophets and their sincerity in them, so people believe in the messengers and their prayers. The mercy of God Almighty is shown by His servants, so he reassures them and enlightens them on the straight path. And the wisdom of God Almighty is clear, he sends the messengers and does not leave them without support from him, but sends with them and performs miracles on their hands confirming their prayers until the fulfillment of God Almighty’s fulfillment of people's faith. The apostles help them, peace be upon them, and facilitate the task of inviting people to faith, so that they can begin to believe and abide by the orders of their apostles. Miracles show that the universe with everything in it is subject to God Almighty, if God Almighty wanted something that was in the image that God wants.
حقوق النشر محفوظه التحميل غير متوفر


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Title: Trent’s Last Case
Author: E.C. Bentley
Publication Date: 1913
Formats: Paperback, Kindle, Hardcover, Audio CD
Genres: Mystery, Detective, Classics
Occasionally you read the blurb on the back of a book and you smirk, thinking that this is an overestimation by a mile, but in the case of EC Bentley’s Trent’s Last Case the comment that it had its ‘with its labyrinthine and mystifying plotting (it) can be seen as the first truly modern mystery’ was the truth.
To begin with this book was written in 1913, therefore it is a bit hard to read. It is very detailed, very descriptive and perhaps a bit slow moving compared to current mystery novels. While this initially is a bit distracting once I got used to the style I enjoyed reading and absorbing the intricate detail and this is the key point in this book. The intricate detail is key to how the story unfolds and the twist at the end.
With not one but three reveals you need to concentrate to understand what is happening and in all honesty I think this missing a bit from recent releases. This is a labyrinthine plot and while the style is very laid back, you feel each jolt as it occurs.
The characters were an interesting blend and perhaps typical of the day, the writing was skillful and the plot was unexpected.
I loved this book and would highly recommend it to anyone who really wants to be kept guessing. It will be worth your time.


The History of the US Army Forces in Korea and the official history series of the Korean War were written in the context of the emerging Cold War with the Soviet Union and during the formation and establishment of the global Cold War, respectively. They served to diffuse a Cold War-centered worldview of vested interests at the American and global level. Meanwhile, Robinson’s “Betrayal of a Nation” could not find a publisher for its severe criticism of American occupational policy and was passed on to later researchers in manuscript form. And I.F. Stone’s The Hidden History of the Korean War (1952), which raised, “the theory that North Korea was provoked to attack South Korea” and denounced the US government’s military conduct of the war, was removed from many libraries. As the understanding of the nature of the Cold War and its culture has deepened, the awareness is widespread that the efforts to resolve postcolonial issues failed due to the advent of the Cold War. It emerged in the process that world powers’ dominance strategies violently deterred and sealed postcolonial challenges in the places concerned. As witnessed in the cases of Robinson and Stone, a divergent understanding of the epoch which countered the dominant one was repressed or rooted out by force in the US and around the ‘free world.’ The Cultural Cold War did not unravel in a way that different views and modes of understanding engaged in free competition; conversely, it had the characteristic of being deployed as one side excluded and suppressed the other unilaterally.
The three years of the Korean War (1950–1953), which had more than three million victims, also resulted in significant military casualties over a short period of time. Despite these civilian and military fatalities, there was only scanty Korean media coverage of the fallen soldiers at the time. The Korean military, however, faced the war without experience or official guidelines regarding military honors for the dead or procedures for dealing with soldiers’ corpses. This paper will investigate one inevitable result of war: fallen soldiers. Scholarship thus far has failed to sufficiently consider the question of how the remains of fallen soldiers were handled during military operations in the Korean War. In other words, the moving of the remains of killed soldiers directly to the National Cemetery without an understanding of the process for handling the dead on the battlefield distorts the general public’s collective consciousness of the horrors of war. This study aims to analyze the military organization and media reports on the dead soldiers of the Korean War based on primary sources, which have received scant attention in the Korean War scholarship to date.
The Korean War broke out on June 25, 1950. The armistice talks, which began a year into the Korean War, lasted two years due to the issue of prisoners of war (POWs), particularly concerning the Chinese prisoners. This paper aims to demonstrate how Chinese communist POWs’ decisions to go to Taiwan were actually due to the proactive efforts of the Republic of China (ROC) government. This paper investigates the activities of the ROC government in the conversion of Chinese communist POWs during the Korean War. Although it is impossible to identify all the individual reasons Chinese communist POWs chose to go to Taiwan, this research is able to substantiate the fact that the ROC government used various incentives to convince them to choose Taiwan. Examples of these ROC efforts include successful requests to the United Nations Command to send ROC interpreters to the POW camps, efforts to influence the atmosphere of the POW camps, and the infiltration of ROC secret agents into those camps. In the end, the Chinese communist POWs who chose to go to Taiwan were separated from their families and came to settle in their new home.
The United Nations collective security was organized and deployed as a coalition force within a unified command system under the overall command of the United States under UN mandate. The US assumed most of the military and economic burdens of UN intervention in Korea, and sought comparable authority and leadership in return. However, this caused conflicts over Korean aid operations and the logistical support of participating UN member states. Such conflicts, however, did not necessarily debilitate the US. With its overwhelming productivity and military strength, the US led the United Nations Command and provided the logistical reservoirs for participating UN states. In addition, participating UN member states that experienced the magnitude of America’s logistical support systems, military supplies, services, and equipment, became potential clients of the American military-industrial complex, just as countries that received American military aid. In a sense, the Korean War experience consolidated the contradictions of a Cold War peace that saw increasing reliance on the powerful economic and military prowess of the United States rather than on collective military action by an international organization. Consequently, the United States neglected the prospect for peace attainable through civil activities by the UN and UN organizations on the Korean Peninsula and in East Asia.
What was the actual status and sovereignty of the Tsushima state under its “ritual subjection” and what seems an “(almost) tributary relationship” to Joseon? What were the implications of Joseon being unable to apply its own criminal code on its vassals, that is, Tsushima residents in the waegwan? This article examines the dispute over judicial sovereignty between Joseon and the Tsushima state—something insufficiently explained by the conventional Joseon-Tokugawa Japan neighborly relations model—by focusing on the illegal prostitution issue that regularly provoked political feuds between the two countries. This article uses the report of the incident of Magistrate Kwon I-jin to focus on the issue of disparities in sentencing for the same crime between Joseon and the Tsushima state. This case exemplifies the complex relations between a suzerain and its vassal and an analysis of it promises a better understanding of the realities of international relationships in traditional East Asia.
In explaining the 2016 candlelight protests that removed Park Geun-hye from the presidency, many commentators in South Korea have emphasized the historical continuity of this event with previous candlelight protests that had different goals and contexts. Commentators have highlighted the uninterrupted commitment of active citizens to democratic progress and claimed that these citizens played the determining role throughout all of the candlelight protests. In addition to this view, this paper argues that there is an important discontinuity in the 2016 protests: ordinary citizens defied the Park government when the government undermined their livelihoods, and this defiance constituted the uniqueness of the 2016 candlelight protests. Specifically, by comparing the life cycle of the 2016 protests with that of the 2008 protests, this paper reveals that ordinary citizens influenced the process of the 2016 event by (1) initiating the preceding small protests, (2) continuously mobilizing livelihood issues and thus delaying the professionalization of the protests, and (3) de-radicalizing the movement. Therefore, the 2016 candlelight protests must be interpreted not only as the culmination of Korea’s decades-long democratic movement but also as a successful struggle of precarious people against the growing neoliberal threats to their livelihoods.
Korean Buddhist temples rarely dedicate shrines to tutelary deities or enshrine visual representations of them in worship halls. The Temple God (1885), hung in the main hall of Heungcheonsa temple in today’s Seoul, is a rare example. In this painting, the main deity sits at the center, solemnly facing front. Its iconographical features demonstrate visual affinities with cultic images of Guan Yu, the legendary Chinese marshal who was deified and worshipped as Gwanwang or “King Gwan” in late Joseon Korea. Intriguing visual similarities between this Buddhist deity and Guan Yu have not been examined thoroughly in previous studies of late Joseon Buddhist paintings. The cult of the Chinese god, which enjoyed unparalleled support from the royal court and commoners during King Gojong’s reign, seems to have been a major factor behind this unlikely iconographical borrowing. By closely analyzing the Temple God against the religious and visual culture of the late 19th century, this study sheds new light on the religious syncretism reflected in the painting and implications behind the royal patronage of the Guan Yu cult in a time of political chaos and upheaval.
The murals of Tomb No. 4 of the Ohoebun Goguryeo cemetery, in Ji’an City of presentday People’s Republic of China, display the sun god, Haesin, and the moon goddess, Dalsin. They play the role of mediators or intermediate beings, like shamans, connecting humans on earth and the gods in the sky. This study aims to trace the vitality of Haesin and Dalsin, whose faces are painted with extraordinary realism. The vitality of the paintings and their peculiar energy reflect the artist’s accomplishment. The murals show that the painter believed in animism and that all things were alive. As the Mongolian and Siberian tribes shared the common belief system of shamanism, the Goguryeo people believed in a mixture of Taoism, Buddhism, and shamanism. In particular, the vitality of the realistic faces combined with symbolism connecting the visible and invisible worlds, are characteristics of the Haesin and Dalsin images. This study suggests that the artist’s integrative perception of visual literacy (an ability to see and use images) was a key factor in making the murals look alive, which stemmed from the animistic, shamanistic, and monistic worldviews of the artist, who projected the belief system of the Goguryeo people on to the images.
Before the rise of brutal fascism in the 1930s, European authors fought to defend selfrespect, and to resist fear and violence and claim the rights of conscience. Their struggle was a spiritual revolution based on human justice and the emergence of authorial ethics. The poets Jeong Ji-yong, Baek Seok, and Yun Dong-ju discussed in this article were poets who fiercely answered the ethical question of how poets should live, and what they should write as poet-intellectuals of colonial Korea. Though they could not fight physically, they countered with spiritual power the forces of irrational and inexorable fascism. Through their works, they demonstrated the aesthetic choice of presenting the human image as the subject of the artist’s ethics, crossing between the West and the East, tradition and modernity, religion and culture. They performed the task given to the artist through a fictitious person, a persona, an aesthetic practitioner. The achievements of these three poets, who persistently questioned and explored the ethical meaning of poetry and the poet through their works, are clearly differentiated from their contemporaries. In addition, their choice clearly demonstrated the reality of the violent policies of imperialism facing a colony such as Korea, which differed from the anti-fascist struggle of Europe, while reestablishing the historicity of language and the literary task of colonial writers who had lost their national sovereignty.


Rabbis and the Divine Word
Contrasting narratives of the Dead Sea scrolls and the Talmud introduce us to two sides of a fundamental historic debate about rabbinic authority and the interpretation of the Divine word. What led the Dead Sea sect to breakaway from Jewish establishment? What were their theological views? And why were they so opposed to rabbinic interpretation?
To Be or Not To Be
What role does nationalism play in Judaism? What are the Jewish perspectives on taking up arms when defeat is inevitable? Get into the minds of those who gave their lives at Masada. Discover a nationalistic view of Judaism, one that believes it cannot survive without autonomy in Israel and who chooses death over a survival that is subservient to a foreign nation.
Reason and Religion
In the 12th century, Maimonides’ major philosophical work Guide for the Perplexed was banned and even burned. For an observant Jew, Maimonides took a radical of a rationalistic approach. Beginning during his lifetime and continuing for decades after his death, the Maimonidean conflict and condemnation of his works divided the Jewish world. Why was there such fierce opposition to reason? Is rationalism an acceptable approach to Divine worship? What role does reason play in Judaism?
To witnesses of inquisition, auto-da-fé, and expulsion came the proposal of Rabbi Yaacov Beirav to reinstate the Sanhedrin (Jewish high court), to renew rabbinic ordination, and to force messianic redemption. Mere mention of the idea catapulted the Jewish world into a frenzy; some with jubilation, others with uproar and outrage. Can we force the Divine hand to hasten the redemption? Should we? And what of attempts in our own times at renewing the Sanhedrin?
The To-Do About Chassidism
Why were Jews of the 1700s opposed to the innocent teachings of the Baal Shem Tov and his preoccupation with prayer, joy, and the simpleton’s relationship with G-d? What historic tensions set the stage for the style of Judaism practiced at that time that incited the widespread aversion to the Chassidic way of life?
The Commercialization of Religion
In the 1980s, a US Supreme Court ruling permitting public menorah displays deeply divided the Jewish world. What presents a greater challenge to Judaism: The supremacy of a conflicting religion, or the predominance of irreligiosity? Is religion designed to be a personal and private affair, or one to be flaunted in the public domain? Where should Judaism stand on the issues of separation of church and state?


Eric Norway’s Dark Canyons is the story of two young Border Patrol Agents, Sergio Duran and Tom Harding. Sergio and Tom meet in the Border Patrol academy and quickly become best friends. Both had a rough upbringing and suffered personal loss, and while both have secret reasons for joining the Border Patrol, one’s intent is sinister. The two become inseparable through shared experiences of Border Patrol tradition, adventure, frustration, and danger. Sergio settles into the Border Patrol with his young family. Tom’s life, and that of his girlfriend Liz, spin out of control with drug use and growing conflict with influences from his childhood. Sergio and Tom unwittingly and unwillingly find themselves pitted against the other in the gritty dark canyons south of San Diego, in a scenario where there is no winner, and the loser faces prison or death.
Barry Meier, author of Missing Man, asked to share the below: An ex-FBI agent turned CIA consultant disappears in Iran…The spy agency abandons him…Arms dealers and criminals join the manhunt…Then, a hostage video appears. It may sound like fiction. But
Submitted by David G. Wilson on August 17, 2015 – 1:18pm Below is a list of books recently published that I think would be of interest to the membership. They are written by members of the AFFNA family and they


I'm coming at you today with another kind of post, dealing with my reading- I know the title says 'What I've Been Reading Lately', but it will deal with the books for the newt three months, I guess. You can call it a false claim =)
1. The Qur'an. This is our must-read book, right? Unfortunately, i haven't read a lot of it since Ramadan (boo me!), I do miss the reading and the reflection upon it, but I'm willing to get back on track insh'Allah!
2. The Canterbury Tales, Geoffrey Chaucer. If you knew me in real life, you'd know that I'm a sucker for anything history, especially the Middle Ages era, for some reason. When I was in middle school, my class and I went to Kent, UK for a week, in order to visit and learn about British history. Our teachers brought us to that place in London where they recreated the whole CT atmosphere and decor, and the characters were human-size puppets. We were given headphones, where the story was aired, and we would move in the decor, alongside the puppet characters. The whole thing was super creepy and cool at the same time. I think it stuck with me. In one of my British literature classes, the professor mentioned it, and I remembered all about it.
It deals with a group of pilgrims that are on their way to Canterbury, where a saint called Thomas Beckett was buried. To make the travel more entertaining, they all agree to tell a story. There are several characters from a variety of backgrounds, the whole thing is rhymed, the stories are different, based on the teller… Very interesting!
3. Roots, Alex Haley. What can I say about this book? I discovered it through the TV series based on this work. It was aired in France, each Sunday afternoon, my family and I would sit and watch the story of Kunta Kinte and his offspring. I was about 7, and it upset me. I remember I was struck by the brutality of slavery, how Kunta's legacy made it through and was preserved, and also the fact that they're Muslim. I was really happy I bought it, goes to show that Muslims were in the West for some time now- check out Sylviane Diouf's work for more info on that subject.
That's it for the books I'll read. Let me know what you've been reading :)


The Hero Of Blind Pig Island
A good story has the ability to evoke in a reader’s mind a totally different world to their own – one that transcends time, culture and distance. Jimmy Olsen has achieved this in his collection of short stories.
Each of his tales carried me off on a wild adventure right alongside his characters. As a result I have learnt a great deal about the pleasures and perils of scuba diving and all the intricacies of island life.
I particularly enjoyed Mr Olsen’s use of rich descriptive language with which he peppers each of his stories.
For example, “Chubby gray clouds stampeded before the wind under bellies ripped away.”
As a writer myself, I found myself asking the question – why didn’t I think of that?
Of the twelve stories, my favourite has got to be Denise – which explores the relationship between a novice diver and her instructor. Again Mr Olsen demonstrates that rare talent of completely submerging a reader in the subject. I felt as if I was actually along for the dive. He brings his experience of scuba diving to this piece of writing.
Shot through with pathos, this tale touched me greatly as it tells the story of a teacher who unleashes his pupil’s dreams only to regret it later. Mr Olsen explores the desire to inspire.
His personification of the sea is wonderfully evocative – “The sea is enemy and friend, responding to nothing but its own moods, granting ecstasy or terror with capricious indifference.”
The Hero of Blind Pig Island is the story that lends it’s title to the collection and is apt as it explores aspects of human weakness and foibles.
It draws a stark contrast in the appalling divide between the rich and the poor describing how one man learns to control his anger whilst out fishing with his grand son, channelling it into something worthwhile and thereby gains the moral upper hand. He sets out to disable the enemy’s vessel and then offers him a way out if the em passé by being the better man. The message is loud and clear – take away the trappings of wealth and get down to the basics of human compassion and the pleasurable pursuit of fishing and you have the remedy to any argument!
I can honestly say that I was impressed by his style of writing as it became apparent to me that Mr Olsen is a writer of some calibre. His background in teaching could account for his elegance of style.
I immediately came to the conclusion that this piece of literature possessed a timeless quality to it.
It is this style that transcends the genre spectre. Some tales are shot through with humour whilst other explore deeper themes.
If you appreciate beautifully crafted writing then I would not hesitate recommending this collection. I feel its purpose is to entertain, teach and inspire and that surely is the hallmark of good story telling.


The third person on our legend series for the Maali T's is Che Guevera, a revolutionist.
Ernesto "Che" Guevara (June 14, 1928 – October 9, 1967), commonly known as El Che or simply Che, was an Argentine Marxist revolutionary, physician, author, intellectual, guerrilla leader, diplomat and military theorist. A major figure of the Cuban Revolution, his stylized visage has become a ubiquitous counter cultural symbol of rebellion and global insignia within popular culture.
As a young medical student, Guevara traveled throughout Latin America and was radically transformed by the endemic poverty and alienation he witnessed. His experiences and observations during these trips led him to conclude that the region's ingrained economic inequalities were an intrinsic result of capitalism, monopolism, neocolonialism, and imperialism, with the only remedy being world revolution.
Guevara remains both a revered and reviled historical figure, polarized in a multitude of biographies, memoirs, essays, documentaries, songs, and films. As a result of his perceived martyrdom, poetic invocations for class struggle, and desire to create the consciousness of a "new man" driven by moral rather than material incentives; he has evolved into a quintessential icon of various leftist-inspired movements. Time magazine named him one of the 100 most influential people of the 20th century
Dorfman, Ariel (June 14, 1999). Time 100: Che Guevara. Time magazine.


Join us for an hour long track session - all abilities and speeds are welcome!
This clinic is a two-parter. The first part will meet in the library parking lot at 8 AM and will have a bootcamp demo followed by a 30 min run on the nearby Sulfur Gulch Trail
At 9 AM, we'll go inside the library to the Second Floor Conference Room for a short 20 min presentation + Q&A consisting of general guidelines for a good off season with a focus on a winter/spring running race.
This clinic will be lead by Coach Becky Black
Join us at the Fowl Line to celebrate the end of triathlon season and the start of the off season!
The club is buying food and some beer to help celebrate the end of the 2017 season. Kids are welcome!
This event is funded from money earned at Boulder Peak, from our members who volunteered at the Olde Stage Bike Aid Station. Breakfast is free for all!
We'll be meeting inside the Library in Event Hall A for the breakfast.


The Elizabeth A. Flynn Award
Each year at the meeting of the Association of Teachers of Advanced Composition at the CCCC Convention, JAC presents The Elizabeth A. Flynn Award for the most outstanding article in feminist rhetoric and composition.
Rachel C. Riedner, "Lives of In-Famous Women: Gender, Political Economy, Nation-State Power and Persuasion in a Transnational Age," JAC 33.
Jason Barrett-Fox, "Rhetorics of Indirection, Indisecretion, Insurrection: The 'Feminine Style' of Anita Loos, 1912–1925," JAC 32.
Shannon Walters, “Animal Athena: The Interspecies Metis of Women Writers with Autism,” JAC 30.3-4.
Kathleen J. Ryan and Tarez Samra Graban, “Theorizing Feminist Pragmatic Rhetoric
as a Communicative Art for the Composition Practicum,” College Composition and Communication 61.1.
Eve Wiederhold, “Feminist Rhetoric and Representational Fatigue.” JAC 28.1-2.
Gae Lyn Henderson, “The ‘Parrhesiastic Game’: Textual Self-Justification in Spiritual Narratives of Early Modern Women,” Rhetoric Society Quarterly 37.4.
Carol Mattingly, “Uncovering Forgotten Habits: Anti-Catholic Rhetoric and Nineteenth Century American Women’s Literacy,” College Composition and Communication 58.2.
K Hyoejin Yoon, “Affecting the Transformative Intellectual: Questioning ‘Noble’ Sentiments in Critical Pedagogy and Composition,” JAC 25.4.
Wendy Wolters, “Without Sanctuary: Bearing Witness, Bearing Whiteness,” JAC 24.2.
Wendy S. Hesford and Theresa A. Kulbaga, “Labored Realisms: Geopolitical Rhetoric and Asian American and Asian (Im)migrant Women’s (Auto)biography,” JAC 23.1.
Jacqueline Rhodes, “‘Substantive and Feminist Girlie Action’: Women Online,” College Composition and Communication 54.1.


New libraries, frameworks, engineering practices and tools have dramatically changed the creation of PHP software over the last 3 years. Composer played a key role in facilitating the rebirth of the programming language the web is built on. Drupal 8 embraces this new style of PHP development by replacing some of its core subsystems with 3rd party components and libraries, managed with Composer.
PHP Reinvented - How Composer helped shape the new way of writing PHP
Sunday, April 13, 2014 -
10:00 to 10:45
Bright Solutions (HIV)


Page numbers for each excerpt refer to the hardcover edition of the giver, isbn: the elders decided long ago to adopt sameness, climate control, etc to. In the novel, the giver, by lois lowry, a 12-year-old boy called jonas finds 'it wasn't a practical thing, so it became obsolete when we went to the sameness.
In the giver, lowry presents the reader with the idea of sameness, which is just depending on the length of response required (essay versus short answer),. Conclude the essay by identifying a theme of the giver and explaining how the founders of jonas's society choose to go to sameness and rid citizens of.
In 'the giver' by lois lowry, the community has made the decision to sacrifice differences for sameness and predictability in this lesson, we'll. Sameness relating to sameness, jonas and the giver both have pale eyes although the rest of the community has darker eyes this difference could be the . “sameness” in the giver what would it feel like living in a world which this is not an example of the work written by our professional essay writers. The movie adaptation of the giver, lois lowry's newberry medal–winning things like “precision of language” and “sameness” are valued.
The giver essays imagine a place where there is no color, no choice a place where individuality and freedom has been traded for sameness and security. The current receiver, who later tells jonas to call him the giver, explains that generations ago, when the people chose sameness, they also chose climate. Free essay: “sameness” in the giver what would it feel like living in a world which everyone is same and the life is monotonein “the.
The giver is a 1993 american young adult dystopian novel by lois lowry it is set in a society which at first appears to be utopian but is revealed to be dystopian as the story progresses the novel follows a 12-year-old boy named jonas the society has taken away pain and strife by converting to sameness,.
Free essay: our unusualness is one of the elements of what makes us unique we get along with people through the similarities keep a.
The film version of the giver is briskly directed in bright, confident strokes, scripted to emphasize its thought-provoking qualities and acted by.
Read this full essay on freedom and individuality in the giver by lois lowry to stress the importance of feeling and individuality over apathy and sameness.


She could hear nothing but the sound of her own heartbeat. It was dark and the rough ground scraped against her as she tried to move. Being alone was strange to her—she was so used to her big family, to the noise, the warmth, but the last thing she wanted was for the woman to return…
When Detective Clara Jefferies returned home to Alber, Utah, she knew it would take a long time to convince the closed community to trust her. So she is surprised to be called to private land up in the mountains, until she hears that the bones of a young girl have been found. And hidden in the dark depths of the grave are the remains of a baby too…
Digging into the town’s missing persons files, Clara is shocked to discover that pregnant girls have been going missing for years. And when she spots Ash Crawford, the first cop on the scene, praying over the bodies, she begins to suspect that he knows more about the victim than he’s letting on.
With Crawford staying silent, and the identity of the girl still unknown, Clara’s only choice is to visit every family living on the mountaintop, desperate to find what they might be hiding. But doing so means facing the man she was once bound to, and the tall iron gates of the ranch she ran away from all those years ago.
Then another pregnant girl is reported missing, and Clara ramps up her search, racing to find her alive. But can she uncover the town’s dark secrets in time to save both the girl and her unborn child?
A heart-pounding crime thriller that twists and turns like a rollercoaster, leaving you on the edge of your seat. Readers of Lisa Regan, Linda Castillo and Kendra Elliot will be completely addicted.
The Blessed Bones by Kathryn Casey
My rating: 4 of 5 stars
This is the 3rd book of the Clara Jefferies series. I have read the other 2 and will continue on with the series.
They take place in Utah and full of what I call a cult. With Polygamists and men who treat women as their property and they are to obey the men. Clara grew up as a kid in that community and then she moved away and was banished from her family. Clara is now detective and not welcomed back. Her mom shuns her but a few of her sisters want to be a part of her life.
During development in some land bones are dug up. Clara needs to find out who the skeleton belongs to. A ex US Marshal gets involved, He is retired and is really forcing his way into the investigation and Clara doesn't trust him. He seems to be secretive on why he is involving himself.
Thank you to Bookouture and NetGalley for the ARC,
View all my reviews
A novelist and award-winning journalist, Kathryn Casey is the author of eleven highly acclaimed true crime books and the creator of the Sarah Armstrong mystery series. Library Journal picked THE KILLING STORM as one of the best mysteries of 2010. Her latest true crime, IN PLAIN SIGHT, investigates the Kaufman County prosecutor murders, a case that made worldwide headlines. Casey has appeared on Oprah, 20/20, the Today Show, Good Morning America, the Biography Channel, Reelz, The Travel Network, Investigation Discovery, and many other venues. Ann Rule called Casey “one of the best in the true crime genre.”


The poems John M. Travis shares in this collection are deeply personal. They offer a glimpse into decades of devoted practice – living the teachings of the Buddhist masters of our age.
His poems transport readers to a cave in Nepal, a hut in Tibet, or along the banks of a Wyoming river. Perhaps John’s greatest gift is his direct transmission of the Dharma to his audience.
This compact size of this book, Scuffed-Up Shoes, makes it a wonderful trekking companion. The collection is filled with devotional insights and is, in part, raw, humorous, and painful as well as often rebellious. A delightful read and it’s a refreshing taste of spirituality.
Longing for ground,
A flower opens.
“As a poet, John Travis’s teachings unfold like the Ganges, one river with a myriad of voices, becoming many streams in the delta, always open, graceful from its first plunge in the Himalayas until pouring into the vast ocean below.”Jack Kornfield
ABOUT THE AUTHOR – Drawn to Asia by some unknown magnet in the 1960s, John Travis pursued the Dharma directly from Buddhist masters in India, Tibet, Thailand, Nepal, Myanmar and other centers. 50 years later, John still treks, still studies, and still captures his contemplations in poetic form.
Today he lives as “a wandering holy sadhu, a dauntless yogi, a courageous spiritual adventurer. He is a poet and a meditator, a student of 100 spiritual teachers, and a beloved teacher himself. He is a father, grandfather and a community builder – all along a lover of the Path of the Heart.”
“In this volume of poetry, John Travis shares his open, generous, wise heart with us all.”Joseph Goldstein
John is a poet and a seeker. This book, Scuffed-Up Shoes, offers a look inside the mind of a man on a spiritual odyssey. It depicts reflections on navigating a Buddhist trek of human experience.
This rich sampling of John’s poems – 64 of them – provide a deep insight into Buddhist teachings and the path to relieve suffering.
Sixty-four is a spiritual, meaningful number in Chinese culture.
These poems incorporate insights from his many Asian experiences and travels.


A director at The Raben Group, Markette Sheppard has more than 15 years of experience in communications and multimedia journalism, with a deep understanding of how to deliver complex issues to the masses using the power of storytelling, which is key to her media relations duties as a member of Raben’s communications team.
Prior to joining Raben, Markette spent more than a decade working as a news and feature reporter, host, and anchor for local broadcast media outlets, including serving four years at the CBS affiliate in Washington, D.C., where she won an Emmy Award and two years at WAMU, the NPR station in Washington. She also founded a multimedia communications consulting company, The Glow Brands, LLC, and served as a marketing and PR executive for a nonprofit financial institution, and worked as a senior media advisor for the Biden Campaign Affinity Group, Black Women for Biden. In this role, Markette provided communications, PR, and digital media strategy and support for the group, which included serving as moderator of Envisioning a New America, a live streaming event held in conjunction with the 2020 Democratic National Convention that featured national thought leaders.
Markette is also the author of the children’s books What Is Light?, which debuted at No. 1 on Amazon’s children’s bestsellers list, and My Rainy Day Rocket Ship. Published by Simon & Schuster, Markette’s books aim to inspire and illuminate the perspectives of young readers. Markette has been honored for her writing by Washington, D.C., Mayor Muriel Bowser, and Chicago Mayor Lori Lightfoot, who invited her to read for the prestigious Chicago Public Library program, “Live at the Library.”
Originally from Los Angeles, Calif., Markette earned a bachelor’s degree in Communications with a minor in French from California State University, Dominguez Hills, and a Master of Arts degree from American University in Washington, D.C.


Bible Study, Journals, Plans and Quiet Time With the Lord
I had recently received a new Bible—the newly published Lutheran Study Bible. I was so excited to have this new Bible because it was a version that I didn’t yet have and because there was such a wealth of resources and notes included in this book. I also received a journal to use along with it and had all sorts of plans as to how I was going to format my quiet time with this wonderful Bible.
What I didn’t realize was that this book would be the source of a new lesson from God, without even opening it up.
The next evening, I was relaxing with a delicious cup of hot chocolate in our living room. I reached to set my cup down on the end table, and a split second later, I heard an awful splash. My hot chocolate was flying out of the cup onto the floor.
Only, it wasn’t just the floor. It was the side of the relatively new sofa, the curtains, the rug, the wall and my books that were on the floor between the couch and end table. And on the top of that pile were my new Bible and accompanying journal and prayer books, which were now dripping with chocolate.
I have a weakness for really lambasting myself when I make a mistake—especially one so seemingly careless. I flew off the couch and in a feat of strength heaved it out of the way to evaluate the damage I had caused by my own carelessness. Scolding myself and even crying as I discovered that the cocoa had splattered several feet in multiple directions, I worked to clean up the mess.
I got the chocolate off the couch, put the curtains into the washer, and mopped the wood floor. But my new Bible! The cover and sides and bottom of the pages were covered in hot chocolate. My prayer books were several years old but were also a mess.
As I dried off the books, I thought of how the mess reminded me of what a mess I really am and how much I need my Savior, about whom this chocolate-soaked Bible tells me.
I was tired and irritated with myself. But once the curtains were back up, the couch was dry with no evidence of a stain, and I had a fresh cup of hot chocolate to sooth my frazzled self, I reflected about how God teaches us in every circumstance, if we will only listen to him and trust that he always works for the good of those who love him.
Even though I confessed my foul temper and negative emotions, I still had lingering remorse about the damaged books. But the next day as I was sweeping the floor and muttering to myself about “what a dingbat I was,” the Lord helped me realize that I now have a chocolate-covered Bible and prayer books! What a delightful way to look at the mess I made and how it is covered in God’s grace—just like me.
2 Corinthians says, “For God, who said, ‘Let light shine out of darkness,’ made his light shine in our hearts to give us the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Christ. But we have this treasure in jars of clay to show that this all-surpassing power is from God and not from us.”I will likely sin again by beating myself up when I don’t measure up to my own standards. But oh, how thankful I am that God will redirect me, forgive me, shine through me, and teach me to rejoice in him always—especially with chocolate covered prayer books!
This article was written by Mrs. Jennifer Schwedler who lives in La Crosse, Wis., and is a member at First Evangelical Lutheran Church. Jennifer has three grown children, one husband and dog named Bjorn. The article appears in a women's column on the Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod website. The WELS is a conservative church body founded 100% on the inerrancy of Scripture; Bible-based and Christ-centered.


Guys, it’s finally here! My debut, Between Takes, is LIVE!
Movie star romance
Who knew a lifeline out of a rut would come with a sexy but annoying actor? Mona needs a change of pace and maybe a career as an actor’s assistant would fit the bill. She won’t know until she tries. So what if the job involves babysitting the latest trainwreck of an actor, and he’s hot enough to interrupt her sleep?
Available on all platforms and on Kobo Plus and all libraries. And soon Scribd.
Universal Link: books2read.com/betweentakes
Apple Books: https://geo.itunes.apple.com/us/book/id1547729112
Eden Books: https://edenbooks.org/product/between-takes
Amazon US: https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B08Q9YWCLP
Amazon UK: https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/B08Q9YWCLP
Book Depository – https://www.bookdepository.com/Between…/9781919609119… (PST, it’s cheaper on Book Depository)
Amazon is still to load. (Quel surprise!)
A new beginning. A career in flames. A chance at a happy ending?
MONA’S stuck in a directionless rut. She hates her job. Her family moved out of Edinburgh. Now time is passing her by, and she’s desperate to do something with her life.
When Shaun Martin’s agent calls with an urgent, uproot-everything-and-move-down-the-country job offer, Mona takes it without a second thought. For the chance to start over, she can easily whip TV’s fallen golden boy into shape. Really, how hard can it be?
SHAUN MARTIN was the award-winning star everyone loved—every studio wanted him. But one devastating breakup, and now he’s the guy who smashed a million-dollar stunt car because a girl dumped him. He’s spiralling out of control, and if he doesn’t shape up soon, his haunted past will destroy the one thing he loves.
Then Mona knocks on his door. Shaun finds her feisty attitude irritating—and sexy. She’s a force of nature that tests him and makes him re-examine his life. Will she be the salvation he needs?Between Takes is the first book in the Kings of Screen series.
See what readers are saying…
“There was a bit of a slow burn and oh my god the author brought the STEAM!! WHEW.” – That Blonde Bookworm, Goodreads Reviewer
“I loved how much Mona was a bad ass bitch and wasn’t letting Shaun bully her into leaving her job, she totally held her own.” – Kerissa, Goodreads Reviewer
“Mona and Shaun were pure fire together and they leave you wanting more! Can’t wait to read the other books in the Kings of Screen series!” – A Reading Brunette, Goodreads Reviewer
For more info: morganabevan.com
Tiktok release video: https://vm.tiktok.com/ZMR8yE1XT/


Reference Management Tools help students and teachers to create and manage their lists of references for research projects. Most tools are designed to organize citations into specific formats for the preparation of manuscripts and bibliographies.
BIS Abu Dhabi follows APA style and this format is available in the below mentioned free Reference Management Tools.
RefMe is free online tool for reference management. You need to sign up for creating an account in RefMe and it is easy to create references in APA and other style formats.
BibMe is an automatic citation creator that supports MLA, APA, and Chicago formatting. BibMe leverages external databases to quickly fill citation information for you. BibMe will then format the citation information and compile a bibliography according to the guidelines of the style manuals. If you prefer, you can enter your citation information manually.
Zotero is a free and open-source reference management software to manage bibliographic data and related research materials. Please click to download the presentation to learn to:
• Install Zotero
• Create your Zotero library
• Add references to your Zotero library
• Manage your documents and references
• Create bibliographies
• Use Zotero with MS Word


If you missed the December 3 CRSA meeting you can watch a recording of this virtual discussion by clicking on the image below.
- Q&A Discussion Session Links
- 2013 CRSA Virtual Conference, November 12 – December 16, 2013
- Call for Abstracts, 2013 CRSA/ACRS Virtual Conference
- First Annual CRSA/ACSR Virtual Conference, November 28 – December 9, 2011
- Call for Abstracts
- Watch the December 3 Meeting Online
- CRSA/ACSR Online Meeting
- Bill Anderson – The CRSA: Where do we go from here?
- Pierre-Marcel Desjardins – L’Association canadienne des sciences regionales: quelle voie à l’avenir?
- Christopher Bryant – Canadian Journal of Regional Science 1978-2008


In Will Eisner’s A Life Force, the reader encounters numerous characters living in a tenement in the Bronx in the 1930’s. The characters span from a newly poor young man to a Rabbi with a wife who isn’t quite well in the head.
A character I really liked in the graphic novel was Elton who was a victim of the Crash of 1929. He grew up in a wealthy family and was accustomed to money so he decided to venture out of the family business and find his own path. As soon as his father passed, Elton got rid of the family business and lived just on the stocks until the market crash where he lost his job, money, friends, basically everything in his life. From there he had to move to the Bronx to Dropsie Avenue in a tenement. Elton met Rebecca there, his soon to be wife, and her Jewish Family. Eventually, with support from Rebecca, Elton got a new job, moved up in the ranks, and got Rebecca’s father a business of his own and managed to make good money.
The Great Depression affected everyone and their jobs, economic status. Elton, for example was left without a penny after the business was gone, his neighbor had no jobs to do or was getting paid very little and split the pay with his other neighbor, and other neighbors were getting into communism after being failed by the democracy they trusted.
What I learned from Elton’s relationships with all the other people in the tenement is that they all stick together and help each other out. Living in such close quarters, everyone was always in everyone’s business but that never kept anyone from lending a helping hand when the time came.
Journey into Mohawk Country by George O’Connor is the tale of Harmen Meyndertsz Van den Bogaert and his journey with two of his mates from the bottom of Manhatas Island to Mohawk Country in seek of new friendships to strengthen the Dutch trade.
Coming from different cultures leads to clashes between the Native Americans and the Dutch explorers, but since the two sides were able to tolerate one another and even become friends in the end, the only underlying tension was prejudice coming from either side in the course of their travels.
A specific example of prejudice coming from the Dutch side is when Bogaert mentions the keepsake that most people keep as a sign of their faith and he seemed to have been a little put off by the fact that the keepsake in that tribe was a “marten’s head,” while Bogaert’s own keepsake is a cross he wears around his neck. So the difference between the two icons made Bogaert kind of step back from his reality and realize how far on each side of the spectrum the two cultures are.
An example of prejudice from the Native American side is every instance when Bogaert and his friends arrived at a new tribe. The masses of people that wanted to get a look at the light skinned foreign men that had just arrived never ceased to astonish Bogaert. He would constantly explain how they would “throw each other into the fire,” to take a peek at the Dutch explorers. It’s understandable that they never encounter light skinned people but to the Dutch men it could be taken offensively the more it occurs to them.
Overall, the book was a fun adventure from the point of view of the main Dutch explorer. I liked the fact that what was left untold by words was told by pictures and it broadened the actual content of the graphic novel and it’s plot. There were many cases of prejudice or bias but all those instances are completely understandable since the two types of cultures never really come together and they’re all from different places on earth. The same type of instances still happen all over the world and it’s due to the little amount of bridges between cultures even to this day.


Associative cards “52 answers”
These cards will let you
find your specific answers as you will see and notice exactly what your mind is
ready to accept and fulfill. Those will be your unique answers to your unique
The main characters - twin brothers Money and Funny - will will take the young readers on an entertaining journey of learning on money and life.
A lovely book for 5-11 year old children, which teaches:
* thriftiness, but not stinginess;
* generosity, but not extravagance;
* kindness, but not foolishness;
* friendliness, but not carelessness.


The Lucy Foundation presents: “Climate Smart Evolution” a book to educate and spread awareness of climate change.
My image from the Centennial Valley in Montana USA has been featured together with photos of some of my personal favorite photographers such as Steve McCurry and Brent Lewin. This is a big thing for me!
About the Book:
“The Climate Smart Evolution” is an editorial product that combines photographic art, scientific value and qualified statements provided by 80 international experts involved in the fight against climate change. The book aims to raise awareness on a number of issues, including climate emergencies, environmental sustainability, green and circular economies, energy issues, and to facilitate the dissemination of information.The photographic section presents many of the images which were part of the Addressing Climate Change Legacy exhibition for the Heads of State during COP 21.
The catalog was created thanks to the contribution of the Farmani Group, the Presidency of the Council of Ministers of the Italian Government and the Italian Ministry of the Environment.
The book was officially presented at the Italian Prime Minister Office in Rome in the presence of a number of politicians and representatives of European Institutions.