Award-winning Aboriginal author, academic and activist, Tony Birch doesn’t pull punches with his novels.
His latest book, Women & Children, is no exception, as he tackles family violence, religion gone wrong and human decency.
The story follows Joe Cluny, trying to make sense of a world ruled by over-zealous nuns, cruelty and loss.
He has questions that can’t be answered, like why children have bruises on their bodies at the pool.
Joe’s sister Ruby tells him ‘Don’t you ask… never ask.’
When his Aunt Oona visits, she is also covered in bruises. Joe doesn’t want to look at her and thinks her injuries have something to do with suffering and sin, like Jesus on the cross.
At school, the nuns are all named Mary but have little in common with the nurturing mother.
When Joe paints his face to look like the ‘Black Sambo’ moneybox in his classroom, they push the limits of punishment to breaking point.
Indigenous heritage a theme
Joe’s Indigenous heritage is what sets him apart at school. He reminds himself that his late grandmother Ada told him about their dark skin.
‘That’s the best of you, Joey. You and me both.’
There are other tender moments. Joe spends time with his grandfather Charlie, eating breakfast and helping Charlie reorder his extensive collection of found objects.
Charlie answers all of Joe’s questions and gives him books to read.
When Joe’s Aunt Oona stays at their house, Joe sees his mother Marion and aunt dancing to their mother’s favourite song in the kitchen.
Joe sees ‘the sparkle in his mother’s eye and the smile on Oona’s face’ as they relive shared memories.
The novel explores absences, with people separated by choice, distance or loss. Joe’s father Stan is off chasing his true loves: ‘cash and arithmetic’ and Marion won’t accept money from him.
Birch delves into what people choose to say and see, or hide or ignore.
As Aunt Oona walks down the street, bystanders pretend not to see her injuries.
When Marion turns to the church and her ex-husband for help, she is met with judgement and silence.
Muslim character is the good guy
The only character at peace with his beliefs is Ranji Kahn, Charlie’s Muslim friend, who works at the scrap yard.
Marion lists Ranji as one of the few decent men she knows and he teaches Joe that prayer should not be about fearing hell, prayer should be about happiness.
Birch’s pared-back writing style suits Joe’s point of view, however the style doesn’t always help the reader make sense of harsh realities Joe faces.
An example is where Charlie briefly tells Joe why Ada didn’t know her birth date, as she was removed from her home as a baby.
One of the least explained events is Joe’s sister Ruby’s visit to a farm on a school-organised holiday.
Ruby wins the holiday for her good behaviour as a model student. Little is said about what happens when she is away, but she comes back knowing how to fight.
The novel culminates in a terrifying incident that brings all of these threads together.
While it is a satisfying ending, I was left wondering ‘what happens next for Joe?’ I wanted to spend more time with Birch’s characters and see how Joe moved on from his harsh beginnings.
This story felt more personal than Birch’s previous novels, as though he is re-exploring the world as a young boy and trying to make sense of the past. He searches out experiences worth remembering, like a favourite song or a bacon sandwich cooked by your grandfather.
Women & Children is filled with hardship, hope and bravery, as Joe’s family members do their best to protect each other. As they hold up secrets to the light, perpetrators lose their power and the family has hope for the future.
Birch is true to form as he brings sharp social observations exposing the undercurrents of life in some Australian families and exploring how to avoid repeating mistakes of the past.
Though unflinching in his style, there is enough warmth in his characters to leave you wanting more.
Tony Birch has written four novels, five short fiction collections and two poetry books. In 2022 his book ‘Dark as Last Night’ won the Christina Stead Literary Prize and the Steele Rudd Literary Award. He was the first Indigenous writers to win the Patrick White Award.
‘Women and Children’ is published by University of Queensland Press ($34.99). This reviewer’s copy is from Berkelouw Books in Eumundi.


- What is Collections Framework?
- Key interfaces of Collections Framework
- Comparable & Comparator
The Collections Framework is a core part of the Java Standard Library (Java API) that provides a comprehensive set of interfaces, classes, and algorithms to work with collections of objects. It was introduced in Java 2 (J2SE 1.2) and has since become an integral part of Java for managing and manipulating collections of data. The framework’s primary goals are to provide a consistent and efficient way to handle collections and to reduce the complexity of working with data structures.
What Is Collections Framework?
- Collections Framework consists of set of interfaces and utility classes used for storing, searching and arranging objects.
- Benefits of using this framework are that users don’t have to worry about the number of objects they store, along with availability of number of APIs and Interfaces for easy searching.
The Collections Framework Is Built Around Several key Concepts
- Interfaces : The framework defines a set of core interfaces, such as Collection, List, Set, and Map, that represent various types of collections. These interfaces define the common methods and behaviors expected from different types of collections.
- Classes:Java provides concrete implementations of these interfaces, including
HashMap, and many more. These classes offer different data structures and behaviors to suit various use cases.
- Algorithms: The framework includes utility methods and algorithms for sorting, searching, and manipulating collections. These methods can be used with any class that implements the appropriate interface, allowing for a consistent way to perform common operations.
- Generics:The Collections Framework is designed to work seamlessly with Java’s generics, allowing you to specify the type of elements a collection can hold. This ensures type safety and reduces the need for explicit type casting.
- Iterators:Iterators are used to traverse the elements of a collection. The framework provides iterators for all collection types, making it easy to iterate over the elements regardless of the underlying data structure.
- Concurrency:Java also offers synchronized versions of some collection classes (e.g.,
Hashtable, and synchronized wrappers for other collections) to support multi-threaded programming safely.
Common Collection Interfaces In The Java Collections Framework Include
Collection: The root interface for collections that define basic methods like
List: An ordered collection that allows duplicate elements and provides access by index.
Set: A collection that does not allow duplicate elements.
Map: A collection of key-value pairs, where each key maps to a unique value.
Queue: A collection for managing elements in a FIFO (First-In-First-Out) order.
- Deque: A double-ended queue that supports adding and removing elements from both ends.
- Lists : Store list of objects.
- Sets: Store unique objects.
- Maps : Store objects with unique keys.
- Queues: Store objects in an order, in which they should be processed.
Comparable & Comparator
- java.lang.Comparable is an interface that objects need to implement in case they want to get sorted by Collections class’ sort method.
- For implementing comparable interface, the objects need to override the compareTo(Object o) method.
- This returns 0 if passed object is equal, -1 if passed object is greater and 1 if passed object is lesser
- java.util.Comparator is required, when custom criteria is used for sorting, e.g. sort employee object with name or id or salary or DOJ etc.


Here is a good introduction to capacitive sensing. Read through it to see possible uses and helpful tips for making your own.
Here is my simplified and clarified revision of the example code: https://gist.github.com/ericjforman/8fd70b69a1751588aee1f9fcffa7cd42
Don’t forget to install the CapacitiveSensor library from the Arduino IDE:
- Go to menu Sketch / Include Library / Contributed Libraries, then search for “CapacitiveSensor”
Notice how the sensor can be very sensitive – you might want to smooth the input (use Arduino “Smoothing” example, or my own improved example on this site, search for smoothing.)
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Tree of Life Welcome Center & CSE Press Publishing
New release from Yogacharya Ellen Grace O'Brian:
Once Before Time
A Universal Creation Story for Children of All Ages
48 pgs, Full Color, Hardcover with Dust Cover
by Ellen Grace O'Brian
Illustrated by Tom Pipinou
Click on the image to purchase.
This beautifully illustrated, non-sectarian book is an inspiring, original story of the Divine One as both Father and Mother, the source and support of all that is. The clarity of the story and the exquisite original artwork make it perfect for supporting a child’s inner, spiritual life and a delightful book for children and adults alike..
The Tree of Life Welcome Center features metaphysical books, gifts, music and meditation and yoga supplies. Available books include all of the titles published by Yogacharya O'Brian, most of the books published by Roy Eugene Davis and a wide selection of other spiritual and metaphysical titles.
Tree of Life at CSE
1146 University Avenue
San Jose, CA 95125
Phone: 408-283-0221 x29
Hours of Operation
Tuesday 11 am - 5 pm
Wednesday 11 am - 5 pm
Sunday 10 am - 2 pm
CSE Press manages the publishing and distribution of titles by Ellen Grace O'Brian, CSE's senior minister and spiritual director. Yogacharya O'Brian's published books include: Living the Eternal Way: Spiritual Meaning and Practice for Daily Life; The Sanctuary of Belonging; One Heart Opening; and the most recent inspirational guide, A Single Blade of Grass: Finding the Sacred in Everyday Life; and this most recent beautifully illustrated release, Once Before Time. Her sermons, poetry, and workshops are also available on CD including: The Single Pearl and Radical Prosperity.


Substance Misuse Dilemmas
By Colin J. Sanders
This article discusses the social problem of substance misuse in terms of sociocultural historical antecedents contributing to contexts within which substance misuse may arise. The transcript of a conversation with “Laurie” situates aspects of his experience relative to the social milieu within which he struggles to exist.
This chapter provides curious readers with practice questions, and exercises, for further reference into questioning assumptions that preface our work, and explorations into alternate understandings of the meanings we ascribe to our own experience, and the experiences of those struggling with dilemmas.


Defining, designing, creating, and implementing a process to solve a business challenge or meet a business objective is the most valuable role… In EVERY company, organization and department.
Unless you are talking a one-time, single-use project within a business, there should be a process. Whether that process is managed and implemented by humans, AI, or a combination of the two, it needs to be designed by someone with a complex enough perspective to ask the right questions. Someone capable of asking the right questions and step back and say, 'What are we really trying to accomplish here? And is there a different way to look at it?'
For more than twenty years, The Art of Service's Self-Assessments empower people who can do just that - whether their title is marketer, entrepreneur, manager, salesperson, consultant, business process manager, executive assistant, IT Manager, CxO etc... - they are the people who rule the future. They are people who watch the process as it happens, and ask the right questions to make the process work better.
This book is for managers, advisors, consultants, specialists, professionals and anyone interested in Configuration Management System assessment.
Featuring 608 new and updated case-based questions, organized into seven core areas of process design, this Self-Assessment will help you identify areas in which Configuration Management System improvements can be made.
In using the questions you will be better able to:
- diagnose Configuration Management System projects, initiatives, organizations, businesses and processes using accepted diagnostic standards and practices
- implement evidence-based best practice strategies aligned with overall goals
- integrate recent advances in Configuration Management System and process design strategies into practice according to best practice guidelines
Using a Self-Assessment tool known as the Configuration Management System Scorecard, you will develop a clear picture of which Configuration Management System areas need attention.
Included with your purchase of the book is the Configuration Management System Self-Assessment downloadable resource, containing all 608 questions and Self-Assessment areas of this book. This helps with ease of (re-)use and enables you to import the questions in your preferred Management or Survey Tool. Access instructions can be found in the book.
You are free to use the Self-Assessment contents in your presentations and materials for customers without asking us - we are here to help. This Self-Assessment has been approved by The Art of Service as part of a lifelong learning and Self-Assessment program and as a component of maintenance of certification. Optional other Self-Assessments are available. For more information, visit http://theartofservice.com
bound: 114 pages
Publisher: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform (May 26, 2017)
Weight: 8 ounces
Configuration Management System Complete Self-Assessment Guide Gerardus Blokdyk
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1987 Census of Agriculture, Vol. 1: Geographic Area Series; Part 56, Northern Mariana Islands (Classic Reprint)
The KISS Theory: Improving Mindfulness: Keep It Strategically Simple "A simple approach to personal and professional development."
Your Dream Job - Book 2: Effective Job Hunting
Windows Internals, Part 1: System architecture, processes, threads, memory management, and more (7th Edition) Pavel Yosifovich
Grave New World: The End of Globalization, the Return of History
What's Your Presentation Persona? Discover Your Unique Communication Style and Succeed in Any Arena (Business Books)
Mogul in the Making
Exchange Rates and Prices: The Case of United States Imports: Volume 3 (Routledge Library Editions: Exchange Rate Economics)
Woodworking: 13 DIY Projects for Your Backyard and Garden Furniture: (Woodworking Books, Woodworking Projects)
Economic Aspect of Lengthening Human Life


Editing Tools - An introduction to the hardware required to transfer video from your camcorder to your computer and the software you need to start editing.
Capture and Organize - This segment introduces the various ways to connect your recording medium to your computer to capture video and how to organize them effectively.
Editing Techniques - Teaches you how to create compelling scenes, by editing a series of shots together into a seamless sequence.
Editing Audio - Covers tips and techniques for editing the audio portion of your videos - including adjusting natural sound, adding music and mixing narration.
Transitions - Helps you make good decisions about which transition effects to choose and which to avoid, so that your videos will look more professional.
Titles and Backgrounds - Simple tips and tricks to help you make effective titles for your videos.
Length: 30 min.
Advanced Video Editing (DVD)
You know the basics of editing, now learn some of the tips and tricks that can help you take your videos to the next level. The editors and experts at Videomaker have created this DVD to introduce you to the tools, techniques and technology you need to know to edit like a pro; including tips for top-notch titles, creative composites, cool color and speed effects.
Segments Include: Advanced Editing, The Art of Editing, Video Filters and Color Effects, Compositing, Titles & Graphics and Encoding & Output.
Length: 30 min.
The Art of Titles and Graphics (DVD)
Graphics and titles are often the last thing on a videographer's mind. But they should be considered from the start, so scenes can be shot to accommodate their inclusion. This program will help you understand what you need to know to make the most of this aspect of your production.
Segments Include: Intro to Titles & Graphics, Splash Screens & Opening Titles, Segment IDs, Lower Thirds & Bugs, Diagrams & Info Graphics and Credit Rolls & Crawls,
Length: 30 Min.
Creating Action Videos Tips & Tricks (DVD)
As an extra bonus, this DVD has some of our best associated articles (in .pdf format) for viewing on a computer. From shooting fight scenes to perfecting your action scene transitions, this collection demonstrates many ways to help you create and improve your Action Videos.
Segments Include: Shooting Fight Scenes, Gun Muzzle Flashes, Action Scene Transitions, The 24p Film-Look Effect, Compositing Sets with Images & Video and Camera Angles & Techniques.
Length: 28 Min.
Color Correction 101 (Digital Download)
This eDoc covers working with a Color Corrector 3-Way filter to isolate blacks, whites and mid-tones. Also discussed are Color Wheels, Luminance, Adjusting Color and Quick White-Balance Correction to keep images “TV-safe” (e.g., recover a blown-out shot) and how to “crush our black levels” for a stylized look.
Color Correction 201 (Digital Download)
Ever want to enhance a washed-out sky or push the color on a less-than-vibrant hill of grass? This eDoc covers working with Secondary Color Correction aspects such as Filters, Style and Color Enhancement.


On the 6th of September, J.K. Rowling; writer of everything Harry Potter is releasing a new world of Wizardry ebooks she calls the “Pottermore Presents”
The collection she calls a treat for fans is a trio that delves deeper into the world of wizadry.
“We’ve learned so much more about the wizarding world this year already. There's the play and script book of Harry Potter and the Cursed Child Parts One and Two, and soon there will be even more to discover when Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them lands in cinemas this November.”
The three ebooks will cost $2.99 apiece and would tell untold stories of the characters we loved, hated and settings never fully explained in the books or movies.
THE NEVER ENDING FRANCHISE IS LAUNCHING A NEW COLLECTION OF EBOOKS
Hogwarts: An Incomplete and Unreliable Guide dives into Hogwarts as a wizarding school exploring its nooks and crannies.
Short Stories from Hogwarts of Power, Political and Pesky Poltergeists explores the darker roots of the wizarding world. The problems faced by the Ministry of Magic, the horrors of Azkaban prison and enjoy an entirely new original piece of writing by J.K. Rowling on Horace Slughorn.
Lastly, in Short Stories from Hogwarts of Heroism, Hardship and Dangerous Hobbies, Pottermore shows you the beauty behind Hogwarts; the staff responsible for the wizarding school, a little more to discover about Care of Magical Creatures teacher Silvanus Kettleburn, as well as another new piece of writing from J.K. Rowling on Minerva McGonagall, and her involvement in the second wizarding war.
On the 6th of September, the books will be available on iBooks, Kobo Books, Amazon, and Barnes and Noble for just $2.99 for a piece of the three part collection.


Historical USGS Mapspowered by Memento
Since March 3, 1879, the USGS has been creating maps of the United States of America. The early maps were meticulously hand drawn, mathematically correct, and recoreded the physical characteristics of the landscape. This site uses Memento software to present an incredible mosaic of history. Memento was created by North Avenue Technologies based in Atlanta, Georgia.
Multiple date ranges
Over 92,000 maps from the USGS Historical Topographic Map Collection have been loaded into our site. They are grouped by date ranges which can be toggled on and off. You can select multiple date ranges and Memento will automaticly mosaic them into a single view as you explore the map.
Search by location
Use the search box to enter an address, city name or known location to explore the historical maps in that area
Share what you find
Easy to share what you're looking at simply by cutting and pasting the URL
Once you zoom into an area, the historical maps are listed on the left. The visible maps are highlighted. Each map has a link so that you can open and download the digial copy of the original map.
Let us know what you think with the feedback button and we'll keep you posted to updates on the site.


The Case Memorial Library is here to serve the community. Library doors are open as follows:
- Monday through Saturday: 10 a.m. to 12 noon
- Monday and Thursday evenings: 5-7 p.m.
Masks are required at all times while you are in the building. Study and meeting rooms are not available and there is limited seating. We ask everyone to observe social distancing.
We are currently providing the following services:
- Our public computers may be used on a first-come, first-served basis when we are open. At other times, they may be used by appointment. Call 203-891-2170 or email email@example.com to make an appointment. Time slots for computer appointments are Monday through Saturday, 2-3 p.m. and 3:30-4:30 p.m.
- Holds can be placed on library materials through our online catalog, by phone, or by email. When the items you request are available, we will call you to schedule a curbside pickup or you can come in to pick up the items. Hours for curbside pickup are Monday and Thursday, 10 a.m. to 7:30 p.m., and Tuesday, Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday, 10 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.
- Printing is available.
- Copiers are available.
We have online programs that are free and open to the public.
EVENTS FOR ADULTS
Virtual Author Talk: Free the Beaches: The Story of Ned Coll and the Battle for America’s Most Exclusive Shoreline
Monday, January 25, 7 p.m.
Free the Beaches by Andrew W. Kahrl is the story of a controversial protester who fought decades ago to open Connecticut’s beaches for out-of-towners, including minorities and the urban poor. Ned Coll’s legacy illuminates how our nation’s fragile coasts have become more exclusive and also suffered greater environmental destruction in the process. Join us for a talk with Andrew Kahrl on Zoom – please note that registration is required, as for online security reasons only registered attendees will be able to attend this event. Registered attendees will receive a Zoom link via email before the event.
Online Mystery Book Discussion
Thursday, February 11, 1 p.m.
Join Librarian Samantha Jasulavic for an online discussion of Magpie Murders by Anthony Horowitz. This discussion will take place on Zoom — please note that registration is required, as for online security reasons only registered attendees will be able to attend this event. Registered attendees will receive a Zoom link via email before the event. The registrant’s name as displayed on Zoom must match the name used for registration in order to guarantee admission. Please call the library or contact Samantha to place a hold on a copy of the book.
EVENTS FOR CHILDREN
Magnetic Field Sensory Bottles
Wednesday, January 27
For children in grades 1-3. Make a mesmerizing sensory bottle with the magic of magnet science! Participants must supply their own duct tape. Please note: participants’ skin may come into contact with MICR toner. Also, this activity requires the use of neodymium magnets, which are extremely strong. Adult supervision is necessary. Registration is required.
Tween Take and Make: Hot Chocolate Mug Cake
Wednesday, January 27
For tweens in grades 4-6. Make your own personal-sized cake in your microwave! We’ll provide the mug, the recipe, and the dry ingredients. Please note that the cake contains flour, sugar, cocoa powder, baking powder, milk, and the flavorless oil of your choosing.
Take the Library to Your Child Day: Take & Make Bread in a Bag Kits
Saturday, February 6
For children of all ages and their families. Don’t spend Take the Library to Your Child Day “loafing” around! Register for a Bread in a Bag kit and follow our kid-friendly recipe for a freshly baked treat. Registration is required and will open on Saturday, January 16 at 7:00 a.m. Adult supervision is required for the entire duration of this activity.
Online 3-5-Year-Olds Storytime
Mondays, January 25, February 1 and 8, 10:30 a.m.
For children ages 3-5. Preschoolers are invited to join Ms. Michelle for stories, music, and movement! Registration is required. Please note: All registrants with a valid email address will be sent a link for storytime. For security reasons, we are unable to admit non-registrants to this program.
Online Lapsit Storytime
Tuesdays, January 19 and 26, February 2 and 9, 10:30 a.m.
For babies and toddlers up to two years old. Little ones and their caregivers are invited to this virtual storytime with Ms. Michelle! We’ll play with puppets, sing our favorite songs, explore books together, and more. Registration is required. Please note: All registrants with a valid email address will be sent a link for storytime. For security reasons, we are unable to admit non-registrants to this program.
Online 2-Year-Old Storytime
Wednesdays, January 20 and 27, February 2 and 9, 10:30 a.m.
For children ages 2-3. Experience music and movement, dive into picture books, and sing your favorite songs with Ms. Michelle! Registration is required. Please note: All registrants with a valid email address will be sent a link for storytime. For security reasons, we are unable to admit non-registrants to this program.
The Library will be closed Monday, January 18, for Martin Luther King, Jr. Day.


An accumulation of information and data on dating punishment and intimate assault impacting API teenagers and youth
Just exactly How COVID-19 and responses that are systemic Impacting Asian and Pacific Islander Survivors of Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault
This advisory explains the way the COVID-19 outbreak is impacting Asian and Pacific Islander (API) survivors of domestic physical violence and intimate attack, and defines policies enacted to deal with the pandemic like the CARES Act, and API and immigrant survivors’ eligibility when it comes to programs and solutions available in the legislation, along with the implications of utilising the solutions. The Advisory additionally talks about the result of systematic reactions to the crisis that is COVID-19 the initial conditions that API survivors face that systems must take into account to aid survivor security throughout the pandemic.
Information & Stats Report: Domestic Violence in Asian and Pacific Islander Homes, 2015
Data from published and unpublished studies on prevalence of abuse, domestic physical violence, forms of punishment, attitudes towards domestic physical physical violence, assistance looking for attitudes and experiences, solution utilization, health insurance and psychological state effects, contact with family members physical physical violence in youth, and domestic physical violence related homicides.
Factsheet: Domestic Violence, Sexual Violence, and Human Trafficking in Native Hawaiian Communities, 2020
Data, and all about domestic physical violence, and individual trafficking in Native Hawaiian communities
Domestic and Family Violence in Hmong Communities, 2019
Demographic information, data, and resources on domestic physical violence, intimate attack, along with other types of abuse in Hmong communities


New Book Now Available
The Permaculture Design Companion is a practical 190 page workbook that uses permaculture tools to bring your project to reality.
Wild by Design is a mini design toolkit to inspire creative solutions for people to live in harmony with nature
This booklet is about the integration of the land and people at our smallholding, Berllan Dawel, part of the Lammas ecovillage in West Wales. It aims to give an introduction and an inspiration to living more sustainably.
The booklet includes tips on how to get started with a patch of land and making sound choices for ourselves and the wild potential of the landscape. With plenty of colour and photos, it has design summaries for a small house; kitchen and forest gardens; grazing and firewood and a land based livelihood.
Packed with ideas for how we can create resilience and live more in harmony with the earth, the booklet also looks at permaculture solutions to meeting the basic human needs of shelter; water; food and energy.


All illustrations, text and designs contained in this site are
© Copyright 1982-2012 Kannik's Korner, or its licensors.
All rights are reserved, and none may be used without prior written permission.
Books with general history of costume
(Good for learning to recognize various period styles!)
Waugh, Norah. The Cut of Women's Clothes, 1600-1930. London & Boston: Faber
& Faber, 1968. [ISBN 0-571-08594-6]
A standard in the costume field. You should at
least be familiar with this one! It will help you to understand the cut of styles of your
period, and will also help you to learn to recognize the period of costumes.
Waugh, Norah. The Cut of Men's Clothes, 1600-1930. London: Faber & Faber,
1964. [ISBN 0-571-05714-4]
|The companion book to the one above! You should also be
familiar with this one, for the same reasons!
[No image currently available]
Cut of Men's Clothes: 1600-1900
- Bradfield, Nancy. Costume in Detail, Women's dress 1730-1930, Boston: Plays Inc.,
1968,1981. [ISBN 0-8238-0260-4]
An excellent resource for understanding the construction of clothing, as well as styles
through the periods discussed. Wonderful illustrations of many extant garments, showing
the inside, cut and construction details. Also has re-drawn illustrations from original
art of the same period as the garment, showing the use and look of the garment as worn.
- Earle, Alice Morse. Two Centuries of Costume in America, 1620-1820. New York:
Macmillan, 1903. Reprinted, Rutland, VT: Tuttle, 1971. [ISBN 0-8048-0969-0]
A two volume set, with lots of basic information. Consider its age in the history of
costume research. If you are suspect of anything, try to find other resources to add to
- Ashelford, Jane. The Art of Dress, Clothes and Society, 1500-1914. London:
National Trust, 1996. [ISBN 0-8109-6317-5]
|Be Careful! No matter what time period interests you, you are sure to find
something to drool over in this book! Lots of color photos of original garments, side by
side with contemporary artwork. A must see!
The Art of Dress: Clothes and Society,...
- de Marly, Diana. Dress in North America, The New World 1492-1800. New York &
London: Holmes & Meier, 1990. [ISBN 0-8419-1199-1]
A fascinating book, tying social
and political history together with costume history! Helps a lot to understanding changes
in dress and reasons for changes. A "good read", cover to cover, as they say!
- Delpierre, Madeleine. Dress in France in the Eighteenth Century. New Haven &
London: Yale University Press, 1997. [ISBN 0-300-07128-0]
- Buck, Anne. Dress in Eighteenth Century England. New York: Holmes & Meier,
1979. [ISBN 0-8419-0517-7]
Discusses Court to servants and common people, buying and
making clothes, fabrics, etc.
- Ribeiro, Aileen. Dress in Eighteenth Century Europe, 1715-1789. London:
1984. [ ISBN 0-7134-4650-1]
Breaks the period into three main time periods and fashion
trends. Discusses acquiring goods and costs of fashions. Also a chapter on fantasy and
fancy dress for carnivals and masquerades.


About the Book
Supreme Court Justice Tom C. Clark, A Life of Service is the first biography of Tom C. Clark, Attorney General of the United States, 1945-49, and Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, 1949-1967. Written from the perspective of a loving daughter, the biography provides important insight into the workings of the Supreme Court and the Justices who served on it during Tom Clark’s tenure—one of the most dynamic and controversial periods in Court history. The book also offers a rare look into the personal side of public life, portraying not only a dedicated public servant but a devoted family man and a friend and colleague beloved by many.
Tom Clark, a Texan, was the first Attorney General to work his way up through the ranks of the Department of Justice and served during the tumultuous early years of the Cold War. In 1949, President Harry S. Truman appointed him an Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court. Viewed as a conservative, Clark was actually a “swing” voter who could not be placed into any ideological box. He was part of the unanimous Court that handed down the landmark decision Brown v. Board and wrote precedent-setting opinions on significant issues including one on school-prayer.
When his son, Ramsey, was appointed to Attorney General, Tom Clark retired from the Court to avoid any perception of a conflict of interest. His so-called “retirement” years were among the most productive of his life as he worked to improve the country’s administration of justice system.
Mimi Clark Gronlund’s biography of her father combines personal memories with historical events and professional accomplishments. While her affection and admiration for her father are clear, she does not avoid the controversy and criticism that he encountered during his life.
Supreme Court Justice Tom C. Clark, A Life of Service is both informative and heart-warming. Anyone interested in American history, the Supreme Court, or the personal portrayal of a delightful human being will find it valuable reading.
To view more photos,
visit the gallery page


28 January 2010
The reclusive author, Jerome David Salinger (non de plume JD Salinger) died yesterday of natural causes at his home in New Hampshire, according to a family statement that his literary agent, Phyllis Westberg, provided Thursday.
The book is narrated by a teenage boy, Holden Caulfield, who is expelled from a private school, Pencey Prep, in Pennsylvania, and spends the next three days wandering around New York. Caulfield is mistrustful of authority, railing against corrupt adults and "phonies," and plans to decamp for the west.
"An unusually brilliant first novel," The New York Times called it, one of many raves.
Though intended for adult readers, the book touched a nerve among teenagers attracted by Caulfield's nonconformist attitudes and has remained a best-seller since its release. It has gone through dozens of printings in its simple mass-market paperback edition, clad in a simple maroon cover adorned with the title and author's name on the front and back.
It's also been a lightning rod for controversy. Schools have banned it -- troubled by Caulfield's language and attitude as well as his adventures with a prostitute -- and some readers have been obsessed by it, most infamously Mark David Chapman, who murdered John Lennon in 1980. – courtesy of cnn.com


UN Launches World Digital Library
Wednesday, April 22, 2009
A globe-spanning U.N. digital library seeking to display and explain the wealth of all human cultures has gone into operation on the Internet, serving up mankind’s accumulated knowledge in seven languages for students around the world. James H. Billington, the librarian of Congress who launched the project four years ago, said the ambition was to make available on an easy-to-navigate site, free for scholars and other curious people anywhere, a collection of primary documents and authoritative explanations from the planet’s leading libraries. The site (www.wdl.org) has put up the Japanese work that is considered the first novel in history, for instance, along with the Aztecs’ first mention of the Christ child in the New World and the works of ancient Arab scholars piercing the mysteries of algebra, each entry flanked by learned commentary…..The World Digital Library, which officially will be inaugurated Tuesday at the Paris headquarters of UNESCO, the U.N. Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, has started small, with about 1,200 documents and their explanations from scholars in Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Portuguese, Spanish and Russian. But it is designed to accommodate an unlimited number of such texts, charts and illustrations from as many countries and libraries as want to contribute…..The main target is children, he added, building on the success among young people of the U.S. National Digital Library Program, which has been in operation at the Library of Congress since the mid-1990s. That program, at its American Memory site, has made available 15 million U.S. historical records, including recorded interviews with former slaves, the first moving pictures and the Declaration of Independence. Billington predicted that children around the world, like their U.S. counterparts, will turn naturally to the Internet for answers to questions, provided they have access to computers and high-speed connections. “This is designed to use the newest technology to reach the youngest people,” he said.
The site was developed by a team at the Library of Congress in Washington with technical assistance from the Bibliotheca Alexandrina in Egypt. The digital library’s main server is also in Washington, but officials said plans are underway for regional servers around the world. Development costs of more than $10 million were financed by private donors, including Google, Microsoft, the Qatar Foundation, King Abdullah University in Saudi Arabia and the Carnegie Corporation of New York. By comparison, the American Memory project cost about $60 million, suggesting that more funds will have to be raised as the World Digital Library expands. In addition to UNESCO and the Library of Congress, 26 other libraries and institutions in 19 countries have contributed to the project…..The documents have been scanned onto the site directly, in their original languages, but the explanations appear in all seven of the site’s official languages…..Billington acknowledged that national sensitivities could generate problems as the store of documents expands to include episodes in more recent history that some governments may want to hide or distort. But deliberate omissions may prove difficult to maintain, he said, because the site is open to contributions from all sides.


Enclosure (2) to COMDTINST 5420.37A
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congressional committees and the Library of Congress.
For committees directed by statute or established by executive order, the
filing letters may be sent as soon as the charter is approved by the
Secretary. No GSA/OMB consultation or Federal Register notice is
The effective date of the charter is the date the charter is filed with the
appropriate congressional committees and the Library of Congress. The
Department CMO will provide this date.
Renewal Procedures. FACA requires that charters must be renewed every 2 years
unless otherwise provided for by statute. Prior to recommending renewal of a
charter, the Sponsor must critically examine the need for the committee's continued
existence. When a committee has completed its mission, the Sponsor should
recommend the committee be terminated.
Draft charters for renewal must be received by the Department CMO at least
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We invite you to purchase these interesting and well written booklets for classes, parish councils, campus ministries, libraries and for individuals struggling to build a world of right relationships. To order online Click Here .
"Just language- language that reflects our changing consciousness about God, the universe, class, gender relations, race, disabilities and violence- is essential if we are to overcome the injustices and hatred that obstruct the peace, equality and harmony we long for."- Kaye Ashe, O.P.
Creating Just Language is a consciousness raising tool that makes suggestions for alternatives to the dominating and often exclusionary language used in both church and society today. It offers helpful examples and exercises for its readers to continue the effort in creating just language. Creating Just Language covers topics such as sexist, militaristic, racist, homophobic and exclusionary language. It promotes the language and thought of a "new" cosmology that reclaims and promotes the interdependence and interconnectedness of all life.
This correlation of the Catholic Social Teaching with the 30 Articles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is a ground breaking tool for students of Catholic Social Teaching as well as those who work for Human Rights. It is the product of many years of research by center staff members.
Features Include: Discussion questions for analysis through the lens of Catholic Social Teaching and human rights
Clear, concise summaries of many key points in Catholic Social Teaching makes finding quotes from Catholic Social Teaching quick and easy
Great for learning or teaching Catholic Social Teachings
Analyze/educate the reality of persons denied equality and dignity


The same week that I used this video with the other grades, I read "A Dot is a Line That Went for a Walk" to Kinder. I stumbled across a copy of the story on Slideshare so I was able to read it to the kids from the projector so everyone could see. They drew their lines in the sketchbook as we read the story. http://www.slideshare.net/PHrbacek/a-line-is-a-dot-that-went-for-a-walk
I also have some great story books that I found this year. These two have been a big hit so far. Both Kinder and 1st thought they were hilarious!!
I also got this one but I haven't test driven it yet. I got it for our collage activities because all of the illustrations are made from collage.
Do you have any favorite books for the art room? Finished projects coming soon!


YPI Editor 1.0
- Simple text editor I was working on, but I never got around to
add the mouse functionality I was planning to add. Also I hadn't
added any error handling routines and you are limited to view and
edit a maximum of 28 lines. I also fixed a bug which was happening
in the executable version on the website when you try to open a
ZIP Viewer 1.0
- One of the first programs that I built after getting into file
formats. It basically displays the file details of the files stored
in a ZIP file, which includes the original file size, compressed
file size, compression ratio, the files modified date and time,
and the file name.
I used the Altquick (Assembly Language Toolbox for Quickbasic) for
a number of programs that I build and you can download it from here.
In my opinion, it was the best Qb library that I had downloaded
(and I downloaded alot). The GPS (General Purpose Subroutines) library
was also a good library, which you can download from here.
Last Updated October 18th, 2003


On the wall in my aunt and uncle's farm house near Atmore, Alabama . . . a constant place in my life.
"It was not that the family was making a machine that they could use; the family was the machine. The family and the clearing and the crops and the stock and the tools were part of the same thing. The family and the place were the same thing and could not be separated one from the other. One could not understand the family without knowing about the land and their work on it and plans for it, and one could not know the land with any real understanding without knowing this family of people. They were dusty with the land; the grit of the land was in them. Their work, which was done together, was the chief meaning of their family lives."
-The Land Breakers by John Ehle


It’s here, at last, it’s taken over 3 years to complete!
This downloadable PDF ebook contains virtually every effect Wayne has ever published, plus more. There are over 100 effects in total!
An introduction by Derren Brown
Interviews with the people who worked with Wayne throughout his career including his brother who was his PA, his glamorous assistant Linda Lusardi and his charismatic manager Leon Fisk.
Chapters on stage craft, management, consulting, TV, illusions, plans, personal letters from Prince Charles and Diana, price quotes on various illusions from John Gaughan, David Mendoza and Jim Steinmeyer.
Wayne’s personal notes
A selection of press cuttings and photographs
Contributions from several of the world’s top performers including Lance Burton and David Williamson
Wayne’s updated life story
Lots of funny anecdotes
Please note: This book is for adults only as it does contain some strong language.
Instant Access to the PDF
Only logged in customers who have purchased this product may leave a review.


Freethought Archives > G W Foote & J M Wheeler > Crimes of Christianity
ALTHOUGH the Bible says that "God is love," Christianity has shed more blood and perpetrated more cruelty than any other religion in the world; and despite the text that "all liars shall have their portion in the lake that burneth with brimstone and fire," it has been guilty of more deliberate frauds than any of the creeds it is accustomed to regard as the offspring of the Devil. In every age it has traded on the fear and faith of mankind; for the former it has borrowed or devised the most horrid punishments in this life and in the next; while for the latter it has practised every art of deception that could impose on ignorance and credulity.
During many centuries, indeed for more than a thousand years, the Christian Church lied for the glory of God without shame or compunction. Whatever promoted its reputation and power was deemed both necessary and honorable. Frauds were praiseworthy if they were pious; and, in the words of Mosheim, those who wished to shine forth most eminently as true Christians "deemed it a pious act to employ deception and fraud in support of piety." [64:1]
This species of falsehood might, without difficulty, be justified or countenanced by an appeal to the New Testament. Jesus is represented in the Gospels (Mark 4:10-12) as using obscure expressions in order to mislead his hearers. Paul became "all things to all men," (1 Corinthians 9:22) and he boldly asks, "If the truth of God hath more abounded through my lie unto his glory, why yet am I also judged as a sinner?" (Romans 3:7). By reference to the Old Testament also, it may be seen that the Lord himself sent an angel from heaven to be a lying spirit in the mouth of the prophets to lure Ahab to Ramoth-gilead (1 Kings 22:19-22). It is, indeed, a remarkable fact that veracity, which was so praised by Pagan moralists, is a virtue seldom or never enjoined, and as rarely practised, by the writers or the heroes of the Christian revelation.
A colossal fraud lies at the very basis of Christianity. Its Gospels are palmed off as the work of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, four of Christ's disciples. Yet scholars are perfectly aware "there is no evidence that either the Gospels, the Acts of the Apostles, or the other writings, as we have them, existed within a hundred and twenty years after the Crucifixion." [65:6] The canonical books of the Now Testament came into existence at the same time as the host of "apocryphal" ones, an incomplete list of which comprises over seventy documents. Our four Gospels were selected by the Church, which pronounced them the true Word of God. The Church guarantees the books, but who will guarantee the Church?
To say nothing of the hundred and fifty thousand various readings of the Greek Testament, it is an undisputed fact that passages have been knowingly interpolated in the canonical Gospels. [65:7] The famous Trinitarian text in the first Epistle of St. John (5:7) has been almost universally recognised as a forgery since the days of Porson; and the public is now informed in the margin of our Revised Bible that the second half of the last chapter of Mark, from the ninth to the twentieth verses, does not exist in the oldest manuscripts, while some manuscripts give a different ending altogether. The author of the second Epistle to the Thessalonians appears to indicate that shameless forgeries were already rife, and expresses apprehension lest his own name should be attached to such frauds (2:2; 3:17). Other instances might be given, but these will suffice to elucidate the complaint of Celsus, in the second century, that the Christians were perpetually correcting and altering their Gospels.
Before proceeding to give some of the most flagrant forgeries of the early Christians, beyond the limits of the canonical Scriptures, we deem it prudent to adduce from critics and historians of the highest repute, a few direct and explicit admissions of the fraudulent character of the patristic writers.
The solid and judicious Mosheim states that
"A pernicious maxim which was current in the schools, not only of the Egyptians, the Platonists, and the Pythagoreans, but also of the Jews, was very early recognised by the Christians, and soon found among them numerous patrons - namely, that those who made it their business to deceive with a view of promoting the cause of truth, were deserving rather of commendation than of censure." [66:9]
The "greatest and most pious teachers" of the fourth century, says Mosheim, were "nearly all of them infected with this leprosy" of fraud; and, even Ambrose, Hilary, Jerome, Gregory Nazianzen, and Augustine cannot be excepted. [66:1] In his account of the fifth century he alludes to the
"Base audacity of those who did not blush to palm their own spurious productions on the great men of former times, and even on Christ himself and his apostles, so that they might be able, in the councils and in their books, to oppose names against names and authorities against authorities. The whole Christian Church was, in this century, overwhelmed with these disgraceful fictions." [66:2]
Jortin remarks that the policy of fraud was not only extensively practised in the fourth century, but "had found reception in the foregoing centuries in some measure." [67:3] Some measure is a very mild expression, as we shall see presently. It was acutely observed by Conyers Middleton that the bold defiance of truth and honesty displayed by the Fathers of the fourth century "could not have been acquired, or become general at once, but must have been carried gradually" to that height, by custom and the example of former times, and a long experience of what the credulity and superstition of the multitude would bear." [67:4] Accordingly, he finds on examination that the "earlier ages" were by no means remarkable for integrity. On the contrary, he says:
"There never was any period of time in all ecclesiastical history in which so many rank heresies were publicly professed nor in which so many spurious books were forged and published by the Christians, under the names of Christ and the Apostles, and the Apostolic writers, as in those primitive ages: several of which forged books are frequently cited and applied to the defence of Christianity by the most eminent Fathers of the same ages as true and genuine pieces, and of equal authority with the Scriptures themselves." [67:5]This view is supported by a recent writer, the author of Supernatural Religion. In stigmatising the "singularly credulous and uncritical character of the Fathers," he says that:
"No fable could be too gross, no invention too transparent, for their unsuspicious acceptance, if it assumed a pious form or tended to edification. No period in the history of the world ever produced so many spurious works as the first two or three centuries of our era. The name of every Apostle, or Christian teacher, not excepting that of the great Master himself, was freely attached to every description of religious forgery." [67:6]Dr. Giles writes in a similar strain, and it should be borne in mind that the period to which he refers was that in which the four Gospels, as well as the apocryphal scriptures, crept into the world.
"But a graver accusation than that of inaccuracy or deficient authority lies against the writings which have come down to us from the second century. There can be no doubt that great numbers of books were then written with no other view than to deceive the simple-minded multitude who at that time formed the great bulk of the Christian community." [68:7]
These works were not allowed to pass without question. The authority of some was disputed, and controversies were maintained even as to the age and authorship of the books of the New Testament. If the question was set at rest, it was done, as Dr. Giles remarks, "not by a deliberate sentence of the judge, but by burning all the evidence on which one side of the controversy was supported." [68:8]
Dr. Gieseler, the latest ecclesiastical historian in Germany, whose splendid and valuable work we have had more than one occasion to cite, refers to the spurious literature of the Jews and Christians as of "great importance" in the "advancement of Christian interests." The Jews were grave sinners in this respect, but they were eclipsed by the Christians, who:
"quieted their consciences respecting the forgery with the idea of their good intention, for the purpose of giving greater impressiveness to their doctrines and admonitions by the reputation of respectable names, of animating their suffering brethren to steadfastness, and of gaining over their opponents to Christianity." [68:9]
Orthodox witnesses are better for our purpose than heretical ones, and we have pleasure in citing the testimony of Bishop Ellicott.
"But credulity is not the only charge which those early ages have to sustain. They certainly cannot be pronounced free from the influence of pious frauds... It was an age of literary frauds. Deceit, if it had a good intention, frequently passed unchallenged... However unwilling we may be to admit it, history forces upon us the recognition of pious fraud as a principle which was by no means inoperative in the earliest ages of Christianity." [69:1]
The following grave and weighty passage from Lecky must close our brief list, which might be indefinitely prolonged, of Christian testimonies against Christianity:
"The very large part that must be assigned to deliberate forgeries in the early apologetic literature of the Church we have already seen; and no impartial reader can, I think, investigate the innumerable grotesque and lying legends that, during the whole course of the Middle Ages, were deliberately palmed upon mankind as undoubted facts, can follow the history of the false decretals, and the discussions that were connected with them, or can observe the complete and absolute incapacity most Catholic historians have displayed, of conceiving any good thing in the ranks of their opponents, or of stating with common fairness any consideration that can tell against their cause, without acknowledging how serious and how inveterate has been the evil. It is this which makes it so unspeakably repulsive to all independent and impartial thinkers, and has led a great German historian (Herder) to declare, with much bitterness, that the phrase 'Christian veracity' deserves to rank with the phrase 'Punic faith.'" [69:2]
A forgery comparatively late in point of time, though referring to an early period in the ministry of Jesus, is a pretended letter from Publius Lentulus, the supposed predecessor of Pontius Pilate, to the Roman Senate. It was the custom for the provincial authorities to transmit to the imperial city an account of all important events which occurred in their respective localities; and, according to this bastard epistle, which is prefixed to some parchment manuscripts of the Gospels, written about three hundred and seventy years ago, and still preserved in the library at Jena, the Prefect of Jerusalem informed the senate that "there had appeared a man endued with great powers, whose name is Jesus Christ." The very name betrays the fraudulent origin of the document, for the epistle is couched in Latin, and Jesus is the Greek form of the Hebrew Jeshua. Nor would the Jews give Jesus the surname of Christ, which is the Greek equivalent of the Hebrew Messiah. The rest of the epistle is devoted to a eulogy of the personal appearance of the Savior. [70:3] His hair is represented as of the color of wine, which is not very explicit, and as being parted in the middle, "after the fashion of the Nazarenes," [70:4] and dropping in graceful curls over his shoulders; his beard as thick and bifurcated; his person as tall and graceful; his countenance as beautiful, and his eyes as blue -- a singular color for a gentleman of the Hebrew persuasion.
Although Jesus, according to Jerome, was unable to write, the early Christians manufactured for him a letter to Abgarus, Prince of Edessa. Eusebius professes to have translated the epistle, or had it translated, from the archives of that city. Jortin says that, "there is no room to suspect him of forging it, but there is abundant reason to account it a forgery, and a foolish one too." [70:5] Many have received and defended it, from Ephrem Syrus down to Cave. Addison was perhaps the last eminent writer who accepted it. Since Lardner's refutation of its claims to authenticity, it has been universally and quietly abandoned.
Whether or not Eusebius forged the correspondence between Christ and Abgarus, we know on other grounds that he was not incapable of such a feat. Dean Milman is obliged to regret that the history of the Martyrs "rests so much on the loose, and, it must be admitted, by no means scrupulous, authority of Eusebius." [70:6] Criticising his tricky attempt to confuse the taxing under Herod with that several years later, in order to reconcile Josephus and Luke, Lardner says: "I must confess I ascribe that not to ignorance, but to something a great deal worse." [70:7] Gibbon says of him that "he confesses that he has related whatever might redound to the glory, and that he has suppressed all that could tend to the disgrace, of religion." [71:8] As Eusebius, according to Gibbon, is the gravest of the ecclesiastical historians, the reader will be able to form some idea of the sobriety and veracity of the rest of the tribe.
The early Christians had the audacity to forge an account of the Resurrection by Pontius Pilate himself, which may be read in the Apocryphal New Testament. Century after century, until the advent of rational criticism, the orthodox were taught to believe that Pilate informed Tiberius of the unjust sentence of death he had pronounced on an innocent, and as it appeared, a divine person; that Tiberius endeavored to place Christ among the gods of Rome; that his servile senate ventured to thwart his design; that Tiberius then protected the Christians against the fury of the laws; and that the account of this extraordinary transaction was preserved in the public records. But the disproofs of this legend are overwhelming. No historian of Greece or Rome ever saw these documents in the imperial archives, or even heard of their existence. They were only visible to the eyes of Tertullian, who composed his Apology one hundred and sixty years after the death of Tiberius. The legend itself is first mentioned by Justin Martyr, who is described by Jortin as "of a warm and credulous temper," by Mosheim as "wholly undeserving of credit in much of what he relates," and by Middleton as the author of many "silly writings." It is to this garrulous wiseacre that we owe the story of the seventy translators of the Septuagint version, who were shut up by Ptolemy in seventy separate cells, and who were found, on the completion of their labors, not only to have given the same meaning, but to have employed the very same words. In proof of this fable, he says that he actually saw the remains of the cells -- about four hundred years after the event! Justin's story of Pontius Pilate passed through the hands of Tertullian, Eusebius, Chrysostom, Orosius, Gregory of Tours, and the authors of the various editions of the Acts of Pilate, acquiring successive improvements as it went along. [72:9] But it has melted away like a legendary snowball before the sun of rationalism. How could Tiberius protect the Christians from the fury of the laws when there were no Christians and before there were any laws against them? Why did Pilate connive at the stoning of Stephen, and the persecution of the disciples by Saul, if he knew that Jesus was a divine person, and that his followers were protected by the emperor? How came Tiberius, who "avowed his contempt for all religion," [72:1] and who was "little disposed to increase the number of the gods and the burden of Atlas," [72:2] to propose the apotheosis of Christ? This question becomes still more difficult to answer when we reflect that "about the time of Christ's crucifixion," Tiberius "destroyed an illustrious family, for this among other reasons, that divine honors had been paid to one Theophanes, an ancestor of theirs." [72:3]
We have devoted what would otherwise be a very disproportionate space to this ridiculous story, in order to show how credulous and unscrupulous the Fathers were in regard to the "evidences" of their faith.
There is also an epistle of Tiberianus, governor of part of Palestine, to the Emperor Trajan, in which he speaks of the invincible obstinacy of the Galileans, or Christians, under his jurisdiction, and says that he is tired of punishing and destroying them. Pearson and Middleton treat this epistle as genuine, but Dodwell gives good reasons for thinking it spurious. It depends on the authority of Suidas and Malela, "two sorry vouchers" says Jortin, and it was unknown to Eusebius. Le Clerc rejects it as suppositious. It is also fairly given up by Basnage and Tillemont, the latter of whom informs us that Valesius accounted it the work of a blockhead and an impostor. [72:4] We may presume that it was concocted to support the extravagant records of the sufferings and fortitude of the Christian martyrs.
There was an obvious need on the part of the early apologists of Christianity to find in the Pagan historians some corroboration of the transcendent wonders which marked the death of their Redeemer. How could a celebrated province of the Roman empire, or, as the Fathers seem to assert, the whole earth, be covered with darkness for the space of three hours, without attracting universal attention? It happened in the lifetime of Seneca and the elder Pliny, each of whom, "in a laborious work, has recorded all the great phenomena of Nature, earthquakes, meteors, comets, and eclipses, which his indefatigable curiosity could collect." [73:5] Yet neither of them alludes to the miraculous eclipse at the Crucifixion, although Pliny, as well as Virgil, Tibullus, Ovid and Lucan, celebrates the pallid light which followed the death of Caesar. To meet this difficulty the Christians, after an extraordinary interval, discovered a passage in Phlegon, to the following effect:
"In the fourth year of the two hundred and second Olympiad, there was an eclipse of the sun greater than any ever known before; and it was night at the sixth hour of the day, so that even the stars appeared, and there was a great earthquake in Bythinia, that overthrew several houses in Nice." [73:6]
Dr. Samuel Clarke relied on this passage in his Evidences of Natural and Revealed Religion, but when Gibbon wrote, he was able to say it "is now wisely abandoned." [73:7] Writing in the third century, Tertullian assures the Pagans that the mention of the preternatural darkness of the passion is found in Arcanis. It is worthy of a remark that neither Dean Milman nor Dr. Smith, who are both Christians as well as editors of Gibbon, ventures to defend the passage of Phlegon against his biting sarcasm. The former is wisely silent, and the latter judiciously confines himself to showing that Arcanis might more properly be written Archivis.
Another Christian forgery is the famous passage in Josephus.
About that time appeared Jesus, a wise man, if indeed it be right to speak of him as a man, for he was a performer of wonderful works, a teacher of such men as receive the truth with pleasure. He drew after him many of the Jews, as well as of the Gentiles. This same was the Christ. And though Pilate, by the judgment of the chief rulers among us, delivered him to be crucified, those who from the first had loved him fell not from him, for to them at least he showed himself alive on the third day: this, and ten thousand other wonderful things being what the holy prophets had foretold concerning him; so that the Christian people who derive their name from him have not yet ceased to exist." [74:8]
Gibbon says that this passage "was inserted into the text of Josephus between the time of Origen and that of Eusebius," and "may furnish an example of no vulgar forgery." [74:9] Dean Milman can only suggest that "this passage is not altogether a forgery, but interpolated with many additional clauses," [74:1] But Lardner's arguments [74:2] effectually dispose of this suggestion, and completely support the view of Gibbon. Justin Martyr, Clement of Alexandria, Tertullian and Origen, never cited this passage in their controversies, although they were well acquainted with the writings of Josephus, and could not have overlooked such a favorable testimony to Jesus. Origen, indeed, distinctly says that Josephus "did not believe Jesus to be the Christ." [74:3] The inventive genius of Eusebius first lighted on the passage, in the fourth century. He quotes it with an air of triumph, and says that those who doubt the Christian story of Jesus henceforth "stand convicted of downright impudence." Tanaquil Faber maintained that Eusebius forged the passage himself. A little more care in the composition might have added to its plausibility. It is so foreign to the context, that Tillemont was obliged to resort to the supposition that Josephus inserted it after he had finished his work! As a zealous and orthodox Jew, Josephus could not speak of Jesus as the Christ, nor doubt whether it was lawful to call him a man, for the Jews did not believe the Messiah to be God; and the statement that Jesus drew after him many Jews and Gentiles is inconsistent with the Gospels. The passage is now generally abandoned. Bishop Warburton called it "a rank forgery, and a very stupid one too." [75:4] Dr. Giles also condemns it as "a forgery interpolated in the text during the third century by some pious Christian, who was scandalised that so famous a writer as Josephus should have taken no notice of the Gospels or of Christ their subject." [75:5] And De Quincey, in his essay on the Essenes, emphatically says that "this passage has long been given up as a forgery by all men not lunatic." [75:6]
The Sibylline verses were another forgery of the early Christians, and they were "triumphantly quoted by the Fathers, from Justin Martyr to Lactantius," although "when they had fulfilled their appointed task, they, like the system of the millennium, were quietly laid aside." [75:7] They were pretended prophecies by Pagan oracles of the wonderful career of Jesus Christ. The collections varied much, says Jortin, and it is clear that "every librarian thrust in what he thought proper, and what he had picked up here and there from any dunghill." [75:8] They were "from first to last, and without any one exception, mere impostures." There is a collection of them in eight books "which abound with phrases, words, facts, and passages taken from the Seventy and the New Testament, and are a remarkable specimen of astonishing impudence and miserable poetry." [75:9] Gibbon observes that they foretell the darkness at the Crucifixion exactly in the words of the Gospel. "There is no man," says Cave, "who does not see that they were forged for the advancement of the Christian faith." [75:1] Some impute the fraud to Hermas, some to Papias, and others to Justin. Murdock says that "the Pagans were indignant at this forgery," [75:2] and Celsus openly accused the Christians of the crime. Lecky says:
"The prophecies forged by the Christians, and attributed by them to the heathen sibyls, were accepted as genuine by the entire Church, and were continually appealed to as among the most powerful evidences of the faith. Clement of Alexandria preserved the tradition that St. Paul had urged the brethren to study them. Celsus designated the Christians Sibyllists, on account of the pertinacity with which they insisted on them. Constantine the Great adduced them in a solemn speech before the Council of Nice... It was in 1649 that a French Protestant named Blondel ventured for the first time in the Christian Church to denounce these writings as deliberate and clumsy forgeries, and after much angry controversy his sentiment has acquired an almost undisputed ascendancy in criticism." [76:3]
There can be no better comment on the history of the Sibylline verses than that of Middleton: "Thus a most gross and palpable forgery was imposed upon the Christian world from the very midst of those best and purest ages; which, though rejected and derided from the beginning by all men of sense among the Heathens, yet obtained full credit in the Church, through all ages, without any other ground to support it but the utility of the deceit, and the authority of those venerable Fathers, who contrived and attested it." [76:4]
One of the most impudent and disgraceful forgeries of the early Christians was the Philosophy of Oracles, ascribed to Porphyry. The real works of this formidable opponent of Christianity are no longer extant, except in the fragments preserved by the Fathers who answered him. An order for their destruction was issued after the Council of Nice, but surreptitious copies appear to have survived this act of pious vandalism, as a new edict for their abolition was issued in A.D. 449 by Theodosius the younger. This was so efficacious that not a single copy was left for posterity. But injury did not suffice without insult. Porphyry's name was attached to a forgery by some zealous Christian, who overreached himself by perpetrating the most glaring anachronisms, and by attributing to the famous Heathen many opinions and sentiments which contradicted those expressed in the fragments of his authentic writings. The fraudulent work was designed to be serviceable to Christianity; it was accepted by Eusebius and appealed to by apologists like Theodoret; but it was discredited by St. Augustine, and although it was allowed to pass unchallenged by hosts of orthodox scholars in succeeding centuries, its character as a vulgar forgery was finally established by the laborious criticism of Lardner. [77:5] Never, in the annals of fraud, was there a more disgusting imposture than this, of forcibly suppressing a man's real opinions, and attributing to him opinions which he opposed, in the interest of a creed which he despised.
Forged writings have been attributed to many of the early Fathers, such as Barnabas, Clement, Polycarp, and Origen. But the most comprehensive of such frauds are the famous Epistles of Ignatius. There are fifteen in all, of which eight are universally rejected as spurious, while the other seven are still the subject of controversy, although no one disputes that even these are full of interpolations. The Syriac version, which is the oldest, contains only three epistles, and there are two distinct Greek versions of the seven. All the Epistles profess to have been written by Ignatius, called a bishop of Antioch, while on his way to martyrdom at Rome. The story of his martyrdom is in the highest degree fantastic and improbable, and it is incredible that he could have written them in rigorous confinement on his journey as a prisoner under sentence of an ignominious death. His epistles abound with exhortations to obey the bishops. No wonder, then, that they are defended by episcopalians and disputed by presbyterians. Bishop Lightfoot argues that the seven are mainly authentic, but is opposed to many high authorities, amongst whom are Dr. Killen and the author of Supernatural Religion. [77:6]
Another forgery is the "silly story of the Thundering Legion," as Jortin calls it. When Marcus Aurelius was at war with the Quadi, in A.D. 174, and in the utmost distress and danger, he was relieved by a sudden storm, which drenched his army and allayed their thirst, while it discharged fire and hail on their enemies. The Romans gained a great victory, and it was subsequently asserted by the followers of Jesus, who ordered people to turn one cheek when the other was smitten, that this seasonable tempest resulted from the prayers of the Christian contingent of the imperial army, who were thenceforth called the Thundering Legion. Eusebius quotes Tertullian's Apology to the Roman Senate in confirmation of the story that Marcus Aurelius wrote a letter to the Senate, acknowledging his indebtedness to the Christians, directing that the persecution of that body should cease, and ordering that whoever accused them should be burnt alive. This letter is in Greek, and is generally printed after Justin's first Apology; but as Long observes, it "is one of the most stupid forgeries of the many that exist." [78:7] The same writer, and there is no better judge, says that the "monstrous addition" about roasting the informer was "made by a man inconceivably ignorant." It also appears that the Thundering Legion existed in the time of Augustus, when, according to Dion, it was stationed in Cappadocia. But the final reply to this pious legend of the Roman army being victorious through the prayers of the Christian soldiers is furnished by the fact that "we are still assured by monuments of brass and marble, by the imperial medals, and by the Antonine column, that neither the prince nor the people entertained any sense of this signal obligation, since they unanimously attribute their deliverance to the providence of Jupiter and to the interposition of Mercury." [78:8]
Prominent among forgeries we must place that of the Apostles' Creed. Till the middle of the seventeenth century it was the current belief of all Christendom that this Creed was the verbatim production of the inspired Apostles, composed by them at Jerusalem on the day of Pentecost, or before their separation, in order to secure unity of teaching. Each was said to have contributed an article. Peter, under the inspiration of the Holy Ghost, commenced: "I believe in God the Father Almighty;" Andrew (according to others, John) continued: "And in Jesus Christ his only Son our Lord;" and so on till the latest apostle, Matthias, uttered the final words, "life everlasting. Amen." [79:9] There are many disagreements as to the authors of the various sections, but all agree that sceptical Thomas committed himself to the declaration that "the third day he rose again from the dead." The legend is as false as the rest of the Christian mythology. The Apostles' Creed was entirely unknown during the first and second centuries. [79:1] It dates from Rome about A.D. 340. Even then it did not contain the clause "he descended into hell," which, says Dr. Schaff, was transferred into the Creed after the fifth century; that is, after the doctrine of purgatory had been established. Dr. Schaff remarks, "If we regard then, the present text of the Apostle's Creed as a complete whole, we can hardly trace it beyond the sixth, certainly not beyond the close of the fifth century." [79:2] The universal acceptance of this Creed is another illustration of the incredible credulity of the early Christians.
Another forgery in the name of the Apostles was the Apostolical Constitutions, to which Whiston devotes the third volume of his Primitive Christianity Revived, and which he declares "are the most sacred of the canonical books of the Now Testament," for "these sacred Christians laws, or constitutions, were delivered at Jerusalem and in Mount Sion, by our Savior to the eleven apostles there assembled after his resurrection." The work is, however, now acknowledged to be a compilation of several generations. It originated probably at Antioch about the middle of the fourth century, and in the words of the Rev. J. E. Riddle: "The advancement of episcopal dignity and power appears to have been the chief design of the forgery." [80:3]
To the Council of Nice has been attributed much that never occupied its attention. It has been alleged to have settled the New Testament canon, to have endorsed sacerdotal celibacy, and to have drawn up the Nicene Creed. But that Creed was only formulated at the Council of Constantinople, in A.D. 381. The words, "and the Son," in the clause as to the procession of the Holy Ghost, cannot be traced earlier than the Council of Toledo, in A.D. 589. This dogma of the Filioque gave rise to the great schism between the Greek and Latin Churches.
One of the most glaring proofs that Christianity is gangrened with imposture, is the ascription to St. Athanasius of the Creed which falsely bears his name. Luther regarded it as "the most important and glorious composition since the days of the Apostles." It is still reverenced by the Catholic and Protestant Churches, and is appointed to be read on certain feast-days. It was composed in Latin, and rejected by the Greek Church; Gennadius, the patriarch of Constantinople, being "so much amazed by this extraordinary composition, that he pronounced it to be the work of a drunken man." [80:4] There is no authorised Greek version, though Athanasius habitually composed in that language. According to Dean Stanley, "it is now known with absolute certainty, not only that Athanasius never did write it, but never could have written it." [80:5] Dr. Schaff says that "it appears first in its full form towards the close of the eighth or the beginning of the ninth century." [80:6]
The last documentary forgeries we shall refer to are the Decretal Epistles and the Donation of Constantine, which are the foundation of the spiritual supremacy and the temporal power of the Popes.
The Decretal Epistles pretended to emanate from the pontiffs of the first century. They declared it unlawful to hold a Council without the order, or at least the permission, of the Pope; and they invested him with the sole power of judging and translating bishops, and establishing new sees. According to Mosheim, "they were produced by the ingenuity of an obscure man, who falsely assumed the name of Isidore, a Spanish bishop, in the eighth century." [81:7] The same historian asserts that the forgery was procured by the pontiffs themselves; and as in that age "frauds for the benefit of the Church and of God were deemed lawful," it is not strange that the Popes should approve "the fabrication of such papers as would be a rampart and bulwark to the see of St. Peter's." [81:8]
There is a good story of the forger of these Decretals. He passes under the name of Isidorus Mercator, which was derived in the following manner. He assumed the name of Isidore, a distinguished Spanish bishop of the sixth century, in order to make the world believe that the Epistles were the work of that prelate. The bishops were accustomed, as a sign of humility, to add the word Peccator (sinner) to their names; and therefore the author of these forgeries signed himself Isidore Peccator. But some of the transcribers, who were ignorant of the ancient customs, changed Peccator into Mercator (merchant). "His merchandise," says Gibbon, "was indeed profitable, and a few sheets of paper were sold for much wealth and power."
Among the mass of forgeries palmed off by the false Isidore, or some other agent of the papacy, were the decrees of a Council held at Rome in A.D. 324, under the presidency of Sylvester. They were admirably calculated to enrich and exalt the Roman pontiff; but as no one ever heard of this Council until the ninth century, the best authorities agree in pronouncing it a fiction. Some slight opposition was offered to it even in that age, but it was quickly silenced; and "as all science and learning, in the following period, retired from the Roman world, there scarcely remained anyone capable, or even disposed, to move controversy respecting these pious frauds." [82:9]
Mosheim's account of the Donation of Constantine is accurate and succinct, [82:1] but his interesting elucidations are thrown into a discursive footnote. Gibbon's account is longer and more entertaining:
"This memorable donation was introduced to the world by an epistle of Hadrian I, who exhorts Charlemagne to imitate the liberality and revive the name of the great Constantine. According to the legend, the first of the Christian emperors was healed of the leprosy, and purified in the waters of baptism, by St. Sylvester, the Roman bishop; and never was physician more gloriously recompensed. His royal proselyte withdrew from the seat and patrimony of St. Peter; declared his resolution of founding a new capital in the east; and resigned to the popes the free and perpetual sovereignty of Rome, Italy, and the provinces of the West. This fiction was productive of the most beneficial effects. The Greek princes were convicted of the guilt of usurpation; and the revolt of Gregory was the claim of his lawful inheritance. The popes were delivered from their debt of gratitude; and the nominal gifts of the Carlovingians were no more than the just and irrevocable restitution of a scanty portion of the ecclesiastical state. The sovereignty of Rome no longer depended on the choice of a fickle people; and the successors of St. Peter and Constantine were invested with the purple and prerogatives of the Caesars. So deep was the ignorance and credulity of the times that the most absurd of fables was received with equal reverence in Greece and in France, and is still enrolled among the decrees of the canon law. The emperors and the Romans were incapable of discerning a forgery that subverted their rights and freedom; and the only opposition proceeded from a Sabine monastery which, in the beginning of the twelfth century, disputed the truth and validity of the Donation of Constantine. In the revival of letters and liberty this fictitious deed was transpierced by the pen of Laurentius Valla, the pen of an eloquent critic and a Roman patriot. His contemporaries of the fifteenth century were astonished at his sacrilegious boldness; yet such is the silent and irresistible progress of reason, that before the end of the next age the fable was rejected by the contempt of historians and poets, and the tacit or modest censure of the advocates of the Roman church. The popes themselves have indulged a smile at the credulity of the vulgar; but a false and obsolete title still sanctifies their reign; and, by the same fortune which has attended the decretals and the Sibylline oracles, the edifice has subsisted after the foundations have been undermined." [83:2]
Such were the False Decretals and the Donation of Constantine,
"the two most celebrated monuments of human imposture and
credulity." [83:3] They are a worthy crown to the
great edifice of Christian forgery. From the first century to the
ninth, or a space of nearly eight hundred years, we have seen the
Church of Christ constantly disgraced by pious frauds. The forgery
of documents appears to have been a recognized part of the
ecclesiastical profession. It was not obscure laymen who composed
these manuscripts for the amusement of their leisure, but the
recognised leaders of Christianity, who held that the end
sanctioned the means, and prostituted Truth in the temples of


Bell, Richard "Ulster Surnames"
Black, G. F. "The Surnames of Scotland"
Booth, C. C. "A List of Islay People"
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Clan Donald, USA Genealogies
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Clan Donald Lands Trust Reference Library Accumulated Papers and other Materials
Forty-Five Association "Muster Roll of Prince Charles Edward Stuart's Army 1745-46"
Gruamach, Domhnull "A Historic Guide to Islay"
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MacDonald, Norman "The Clanranald of Lochaber"
MacDonald, Norman "The Clanranald of Knoydart and Glengarry"
McKerral, A. "Kintyre in the 17th Century"
MacLean, A. "Notes on South Uist Families"
MacLysaght, E. "Irish Families"
MacLysaght, E. "The Surnames of Ireland"
MacMillan, S. "Bygone Lochaber"
MacVicar, A. "Surnames Common Throughout Kintyre, Islay, Arran, 17th Century"
Martin, A. "Kintyre, the Hidden Past"
Matheson, W. "Notes on North Uist Families"
Odom Genealogy Library Collected Works
Patten, J. "The Argyle Patent & Assiciated Documents"
Shaw, R. "Septs & Adherants of Clan Donald"
Trotter, L. & R. Pre-1855 Gravestone Inscriptions in Lochaber
- Ant - Antrim, Northern Ireland
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Among the many legendary love stories in Bangladesh, the tale of Mathin, a tribal princess, is very famous in one of the coastal cities of Bangladesh, called Teknaf, the last town in the southern most part of Bangladesh. Teknaf is a nearby city of Myanmar. It is an old city, originated back in the middle of early twentieth century. It was habitated by the tribal community called Rakhaine. The tale of Mathin involves this community and one of the police force members of ruling English people at that time. Below is the “Stone of Mathine’s Kup” (Mathin’s well) heritage site.
The tale begins from the time when the police force member, named Dheeraj, met Mathin near a well, located in the premise of Dheeraj’s police station and where normally local girls fetch water from. It was one day when Dheeraj noticed few smiling girls fetching water from that well and instantly liked one girl, it was love at first sight. This girl was Mathin, the Rakhaine princess.
Gradually, as time passed, both of them got to know each other, became very intimate and started having a relation. This relation finally lead to the decision of their marriage and everything was happening according to their will and happiness. The local arranged everything for their marriage, when Dheeraj had to leave. Dheeraj’s family who lived in the city and were more prosperous from Mathin’s family, did not give their consent for the marriage and one day Dheeraj had to leave Mathin when learning about his father’s ill health. Dheeraj decided to go, but Mathin did not want him to go.
That was the last time that they saw each other. Dheeraj never came back and on the other hand, Mathin fell sick, as she promised to fast till she gets her Dheeraj back. She used to sit beside the well, where she met her Dheeraj the first time, waiting for him. Her fast continued and finally, it was beside the well that she took her last breath. This is how Mathin’s love story was and her sacrifice made her love a legend. Below are the pictures of the well.


《天行者》 以中国20世纪90年代贫乏的乡村教育为背景，讲述了一群在贫苦生活中无私为乡村教育事业做出贡献的民办教师为求转正而发生的辛酸故事，也反映出被人们遗忘已久的乡村民办教师曾有过的艰难历程。 本书围绕着西河乡界岭小学三代民办教师转正的故事，以及张英才、余校长、孙四海、万站长、蓝飞和夏雪等人的爱情故事开展起来。这些大故事中穿插着小故事，每个小故事又可以作为下个故事开展的源头，相互交叉汇合，使得小说的叙事精彩纷呈，紧缩而富有张力。 The Sky Dwellers describes the lives and struggles of primary school teachers in Jieling, a tiny, fictional community nestled high in remote mountains in China. These teachers are not state teachers, with regular salaries and pensions to look forward to. They are, instead, community teachers (or "minban teachers" - a term which literally translates as "people-supported" teachers) whose wages are paid by the local community and who might not have received much beyond primary school teaching themselves. During the 1960s, 70s and 80s, most children in China were taught by minban teachers. From the early 1990s onwards, the role was gradually phased out, and some minban teachers were lucky enough to become state teachers. A minban teacher's life was one of poverty. State subsidies provided only part of their wages and local cadres were supposed to make up the rest from often very limited village funds. But often the cadres did not pay on time, or at all. Inevitably, this would result in tensions - a theme explored in this novel. Each of the teachers in the book responds differently to the pressures of life as a minban teacher. But the novel is not just about the teachers' lives, it also deals with the impact they had on the children and the community they served. Set in the 1990s, a time of great social and cultural change in China, The Sky Dwellers is a compelling, personal and moving account of a part of China's recent past which is often overlooked.
在大航海时代的宏大历史背景下，一个美丽的中国女子远下南洋，海啸夺走了她的记忆，她在大海里、岛屿上颠沛流离，被欺侮、被抛弃，历经生育、病痛、牢狱之苦，她刺瞎了自己的双目，只为寻找遗失的记忆。她为了寻找自己的过去，甘愿穷尽一生。春迟终于没能在沧海中找到那枚藏着她的记忆的贝壳，但她并没有把自己的故事归于茫茫。 有人说曾在旧城的废墟瓦砾中，看到过一个眼瞎的女人。她像一只鸟儿一样掠过地上的死人，拾起散落在他们身边或握在他们手中的贝壳。攻进贝壳城邦的那些士兵们，都曾看到这个女人踮着她鲜红的脚掌在坍塌的木梁和死人的身上跳舞。她蒙上患病的儿童的眼睛，引领他们阅读装载着快乐记忆的贝壳，为他们驱除病痛。她被人们视为圣女。她是世上最富有的女人。海盗、歌女、宦官、部族首领、西洋牧师，他们的命运在南洋旖旎的风光里交汇。 The blind woman Chun Chi has a secret. Accompanied only by her The Memory Is So Beautiful That We Will Crash Soul for It adopted son Xiao Xing and a eunuch, she lives in a crumbling house stacked with boxes of seashells. But what does she hope to gain from them? Why does she keep going out to sea? How did she lose her sight? Seeking answers, Xiao Xing goes on a quest to uncover her past, which takes him on a journey far from home and into the jungles of Java. Set in the early fifteenth century, when Ming Emperor Yongle sent fleets of Chinese ships to explore Southeast Asia, entangling the two regions, The Promise Bird flits between the frozen north Chinese winter and the blazing heat of the tropics. An uncompromising novel about devotion that borders on obsession, and a love that tips into madness.
生我养我的无梁村，有着吴志鹏极力摆脱却终挥之不去的记忆。哺育我十多年的老姑父为了爱情放弃了军人的身份，却在之后的几十年生活中深陷家庭矛盾无法自拔；为了拉扯大三个孩子，如草芥般的虫嫂沦为小偷，陷入人人可唾的悲剧命运；村里的能手春才，在青春期性的诱惑和村人的闲言碎语中自宫......在时代与土地的变迁中，人物的精神产生裂变，都走向了自己的反面。在这些无奈和悲凉中，在各种异化的人生轨迹中，又蕴藏着一个个生命的真谛。 《生命册》的主题是时代与人，在从传统乡土到现代都市的巨大的跨越中，李佩甫深切地关注着那些背负土地行走的人们。他怀着经典现实主义的雄心和志向，确信从人的性格和命运中可以洞见社会意识的深层结构。 《生命册》以沉雄老道的笔力塑造着一系列鲜明的人物形象，快与慢、得与失、故土与他乡、物质与精神、灵魂的质地在剧烈的颠簸中接受缜密的测试和考验，他们身上的尖锐矛盾所具有的过渡性的特征，与社会生活的转型形成了具体而迫切的呼应。 The Book of Life portrays China's half-century transformation through orphan Wu Zhipeng's escape from the poverty of his native village in Henan province. It creates a series of distinctive persons with a bold yet profound voice. Li Peifu focuses on those who carry their rural backgrounds with them wherever they go. They are tested by intense contrasts of gain and loss, fast and slow, matter and spirit, homeland and foreign land. Their fate offers us insight into the deep structures of social consciousness. These transitional struggles are a clear and urgent echo of the transformations of contemporary society.


November 1918 * 1989 – Revolution in Germany
“NOVEMBER 1918 * 1989” is the title of a collective play by the Theater der Klaenge about the German revolution of 1918 in comparison with the events in the GDR in 1989.
Revolution – a major theme that suddenly became tangible in 1989. In contrast to the events in the GDR in 1989, the revolution of 1918 in Germany around 1990/91 was almost forgotten.
In 1991, Theater der Klaenge compared the course of the two revolutions with each other in a large theater collage in many different scenes, which repeatedly contrasted the individual phases of the revolution of 1918 with those of 1989.
The historical outline of NOVEMBER deals with the events from November 1917 (revolution in Russia) to spring 1919 (National Assembly in Weimar) as well as with the period from May 1989 (dismantling of the Hungarian border installations) to March 1990 (new elections to the People’s Chamber of the GDR).
Acting, allegory, farce, mask improvisation, pantomime and puppetry are juxtaposed with simultaneous dance and (Meyerhold’s) biomechanics. This is embedded in a live electronic music, which is controlled by two percussionists. In addition, documentary film collages and slide projections. The whole event took place in a transformable play structure with movable screens. The international ensemble of the Theater der Klaenge became a modern comedic troupe, which presented its view of the events in simple, clearly understandable pictures and play scenes.
NOVEMBER was at the same time the first attempt of the Theater der Klaenge to create a play about a self-chosen political topic in collective authorship. The experiences of previous productions were incorporated and enabled the Theater der Klaenge ensemble to search for a theatrical form for each of the facts to be presented, which provided the most appropriate picture for the respective statement.
NOVEMBER was created in 1991 as the first co-production with the Bauhaus Dessau and was performed 19 times in Düsseldorf and Dessau. The ensemble formed in 1991 for this piece was the first to work under professional conditions in the Theater der Klänge rehearsal studio in Düsseldorf-Pempelfort, which moved into the theatre in 1991, and at times also in the Bauhaus stage in Dessau. Numerous ensemble members from this year became permanent members of staff for several productions in the early nineties. In many respects, the working principles from this time still form the basis of our working methods today.
The recording was made on November 2, 1991 by Take it Media in the Theaterhaus Düsseldorf.


Memories are a valued treasure in understanding the development of men, places and eras. Photography has proven itself in capturing the essence of such moments; often preserving them for the future publics' continued understanding.
This event is yet another moment to be celebrated. It showcases a photographic journey of a visionary who has dedicated his life to the betterment of The Kingdom of Bahrain. His Majesty King Hamad Bin Isa Al Khalifa has built this country to become a shining example of prosperity and opportunity. His Majesty's wisdom has encouraged a climate of tolerance.
The prolific work of Abdulla Al Khan documents the King's historic journey, providing glimpses into his life as a man and a leader.
Abdullah Mohammed Al Khan was born in Muharraq on August 18 of 1937. He attended Al Hidaya Al Khalifia secondary school in 1953, graduating only three years later in 1957. Al-Khan began his career in photography when he joined the Bahrain Petroleum Company BAPCO as a trainee photographer. In 1960, after noticing Al Khan's undeniable eye for photography, BAPCO sent him on a scholarship to Ealing Technical College in London to expand his skills. Al Khan graduated from college in 1963 with degrees in industrial design, photography and fine arts.
In 1970, Al Khan left the Bahrain Petroleum Company BAPCO and established Falcon Cinefoto, which at that time was the biggest photography company in the whole GCC region. In 2005 he established Bahrain House of Photography, where he converted to using digital technology.
In 2007, he published his first book, Muharraq, the Sea Rose, which exhibits his images of Bahrain's nature and beauty throughout the years.
In 2009, he published his second book 73 Democracy...The Experience of People.
In 2011, he published his third book The Book of Pearls.
Throughout his career, Abdullah Al Khan documented Bahrain -and many other regions in the Arabian Gulf- socially, economically, and politically through the lens of his camera. Furthermore, Al Khan has documented the different life stages of H.M. King Hamad Bin Isa Al Khalifa, who awarded him the Proficiency Medal in February of 2011.


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Select the project name from the Project Explorer
Right-click and select New from the pop-up menu.
Select either Folder or one of the ABL file types from the
If you select Folder, the New
Folder dialog appears. Specify the location of the folder in the
project tree and name it.
If you want to add a folder that already exists in your file system,
click the Advanced button. Select
Link to folder in the file system and browse
to find the folder.
If you select one of the ABL file types, a dialog appears that allows
you to specify the name and other information about the file.
The resulting file is generated from a standard ABL template.
Therefore, the file will contain sections appropriate to the file type, and the
file will have an appropriate extension. For example, ABL
Procedure produces a .p file similar to the
If you select File, you can link to a file in
the local file system.
In the New File dialog, click the
Advanced button. Select Link
to folder in the file system and browse to find the file that you want to
include in your project.