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Lupercalia, an ancient Roman festival, is shrouded in the mists of history, invoking images of fertility, purification, and a celebration of love. This intriguing tradition, celebrated annually from February 13th to 15th, has roots that delve deep into Roman mythology and the early days of the Roman Republic. In this blog post, you'll explore the history, origins, rituals, and significance of Lupercalia, shedding light on a fascinating chapter of ancient cultural heritage.
Lupercalia finds its origins in the pre-Roman pastoral festival of Februa, a time of purification and cleansing that took place in mid-February. The Romans later incorporated this festival into Lupercalia, a celebration honoring Lupercus, the god of fertility and shepherds. Lupercus is often identified with the Roman god Faunus or the Greek god Pan.
Legend has it that Lupercalia is linked to the ancient tale of the she-wolf who nursed the abandoned twins, Romulus and Remus, the legendary founders of Rome. The festival's name itself is believed to be derived from Lupercus or Lupa, the she-wolf. This connection to the city's foundation imbues Lupercalia with a sense of ancestral pride and cultural continuity.
Rituals and Traditions
Central to Lupercalia are the elaborate rituals performed by a group of priests known as the Luperci. Dressed in goat-skin loincloths, these priests would gather at the sacred cave of Lupercal on Palatine Hill. Here, they would sacrifice goats and a dog, and then, using strips of the sacrificed animals' hides, engage in a ceremonial run through the streets of Rome.
This ritualistic run, known as the Lupercalia race, symbolized purification and was believed to ward off evil spirits and ensure fertility for the land and its people. As the Luperci ran, they would playfully lash passersby with the goat-hide thongs, a gesture thought to bestow fertility and blessings upon those touched.
Love and Fertility
Lupercalia, despite its wild and primal origins, evolved into a celebration of love and fertility. The festival became a time for matchmaking, and young men and women would participate in various activities to find their romantic partners followed by a lot of sexual acts. Some sources suggest that names were drawn randomly to pair couples for the duration of the festival or even longer.
Legacy and Influence
As Rome embraced Christianity, Lupercalia faced scrutiny from the Church, which sought to replace the pagan festival with the Christian feast of St. Valentine. Despite the efforts to suppress Lupercalia, remnants of the festival's traditions lingered, eventually influencing the modern celebration of Valentine's Day.
While Lupercalia as an ancient Roman festival has faded into the annals of history, its echoes can be heard in the modern customs surrounding Valentine's Day. The themes of love, fertility, and purification persist, albeit in more subdued and romanticized forms as it's safe to say that Lupercalia wasn't as enduring. However, understanding the origins of this festival adds depth to the contemporary celebrations, connecting us to the enduring human desire to celebrate love and connection.
Lupercalia stands as a testament to the rich tapestry of human history and cultural evolution. From its primal rituals to its transformation into a celebration of love, this ancient Roman festival offers a glimpse into the complex interplay between mythology, tradition, and the inexorable passage of time. As we exchange tokens of affection and celebrate love in the modern world, we can't help but acknowledge the enduring legacy of Lupercalia, a festival that once echoed through the cobbled streets of ancient Rome. Blessed Be, Avanjia


Newcastle University library, happily removing academic journals from the shelves to the (apparent) cheers of the academics (Letters, 12 November), is well behind the pace. Michael Wilding, an Australian correspondent, writes that Sydney University’s Fisher Library is planning to chuck out 500,000 books and journals to make room for, of course, more computers.
The first libraries we hear of are found in the Near East and, like Ashurbanipal’s (c. 650 bc), were mainly for internal reference purposes. That contained about 1,500 titles, with warnings against theft, maltreatment and late return. Libraries of the sort we would recognise began with the ancient Greeks. The finest of all was founded in Egyptian Alexandria in the 3rd century bc by the Greek king Ptolemy. His purpose was to outdo Athens as the intellectual centre of the Mediterranean, and his money ensured he did. Acquiring or copying texts went on at a phenomenal rate. Eventually it held nearly 500,000 rolls. Others got the idea, and rival scholarly libraries sprang up in Antioch and Pergamum, poaching top directors. They were a matter of national pride.
But they were not public libraries. These came with the Romans, martial conquerors of Greece but Greece’s cultural captives. Julius Caesar planned Rome’s first (39 bc). Emperors endowed them in large numbers, and by ad 350 there were 29 in Rome alone. You could not borrow the rolls, except by bribing the librarian, but you could make copies. Nowadays librarians rejoice that you can gawp, one page at a time, at a screen.
Mr Wilding likens modern librarians’ purges in favour of computerised literature to the Gutenberg revolution, when anything that was judged unworthy of becoming a printed book was lost forever, or to Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-four, where books are rewritten to match state requirements — so easy on a computer. To that extent one must applaud another Australian university’s decision to bury books in landfill sites. When an electronic storm wipes out every computer and its contents, it will become the new Oxyrhynchus.


The coinage of Apollonia and Dyrrhachium:
9 March 2021
Contents of this page
There is neither a complete collection nor a published practical manual for all these coins. It is still interesting to read Maier's article for the summary of the early views on the Apolloniate and Dyrrhachian coins; and his list of the different types are still orientative. Ceka wrote the only monograph on the entire Illyrian coinages, in two editions. The first (Ceka 1965) is in Albanian, containing several coin pictures and lists the symbols on the obverse of the emissions. The second edition is in French (Ceka 1972) but without pictures, and without the essential description of the symbols and distinctive features of the coins. Therefore the usefulness of the French edition (without the Albanian one, which is not easy to find) is limited.
The catalogue numbers of the name combinations in the French edition is commonly used in the literature, also here. However, the list is incomplete, contains errors, and includes several imitations, which are not authentic emissions.
All Dyrrhachian silver coinages are tackled with in a recently published monograph by Albana Meta, based on her 2013 doctoral thesis. This is a huge work that has been the most elaborate publication covering the entire Dyrrhachian silver coinage. The catalogue and the plates are the most valuable parts of the book. Almost all coins listed are shown on the plates; several from so far unpublished collections (Berlin, Paris, Tirana) and many others from published collections, beyond those few displayed in the book (like the British Museum or Vienna collections). Below I review only the chapters on the cow/calf type drachms in detail.
The numerous coin pictures helped me clarify the authenticity of certain rare name combinations for my database. On the other hand, while she did not publish emissions unknown to me, I miss around 100 (23%) from a total of 434 name combinations I recorded and regard authentic. Many of these have actually been published here and there or hide in important museum collections unseen by her (Budapest, St. Petersburg, Zagreb). Among these, there are seven obverse names, without which her catalogue and chronology is rather incomplete (that is, around 8% missing of those persons, who, according her, would determine the time of the issue): ΑΓΑΘΟΚΛΗΣ, ΑΛΕΚΚΑΣ, ΑΝΔΡΟΝΙΚΟΣ, ΔΑΜΑΤΡΙΟΣ, ΓΕΝΘΙΟΣ, ΚΟΜΩΝ, ΛΕΑΜΗΔΗΣ. Awkwardly, except the first two, the other five are listed in Ceka's books. Why were these omitted from her book? I have started to put, and if time allows, illustrate more and more of these missing emissions in the tables in the chapter of the Dyrrhachian issues.
Albana Meta's methods and conclusions are different from my ones in several aspects, for example, the chronological frame for the drachma production seems to be too wide; without acceptable supporting evidence. She regards the name on the obverse as the more important for the chronology and sequence of the emissions - the missing obverse names definitely perturb the catalogue numbers.
Unlike to the usual catalogues, she does not give catalogue numbers to the name combinations to find them easily. Only the obverse names are numbered; but to find a name combination one should know in advance in what chronological group the name on the obverse should be looked for.
There is also some weakness in her methodology. The best evidence for the time sequence of the coin emissions must come from the comparison of the hoard contents. Unfortunately, the simple presence or absence of coins arbitrarily diminishes the power of information coming from the numeric representation of the emissions in the hoards. This omission is most striking in the last phase of the drachma production: without real justification, she puts the rarest and least weighing coins at the beginning of the last series, which - indeed - must have been the final issues of the entire production. She does not use proper statistical methods to compare the mean weight of the coins; without this, one cannot draw reliable conclusions from these variables. In the catalogue there are many coins regarded as fourrees, despite their weight is far too high to be a plated coin. She does not pay enough attention to the fact that the region came under Roman protectorate in 229 BC. Without this event, would it be possible to start and maintain a local, small-size silver coinage of unprecedented long duration without true devaluation in that troublesome region, which (by a suddenly blown-up mint output) could even replace the role of the Roman Republican denarii in the North-East Balkan area when the denarii were in short supply for a while? These questions should be resolved by further discussion.
Despite our confronting views and the methodological problems detailed above, the possession of this book is a must for any numismatic library and for all serious students of the Illyrian coinage.
A book on the archaeology and history of Apollonia contains a chapter on the entire Apolloniate numismatics can be a companion to Meta's book; but again, I disagree with the chronology, especially that of the cow/calf type drachms, as detailed in this home page in the relevant chapters, and also in my own publications. The tables list only 74 of the drachma emissions (instead of my findings of around 120), not only for not knowing several, in part, published ones, but regarding different dialectic name variations as the same person diminishes the total number. On the other hand, they list several name combinations from Ceka's catalogue, which are either hybrid imitations or wrongly identified ones (not seen by Ceka himself). A critical review of this approach can be found in my publications (No. 9). The book contains several illustrations of all types of Apolloniate coins.
The richest published collection at present is of the Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna (W) but the coins are not illustrated in the book. Runner-up is the British Museum collection (BMC); unfortunately, with very few pictures in the printed catalogue.
Early, but still very useful articles on the Greek-Illyrian coins, emissions, and name combinations can be found in Austrian, Bosnia-Herzegovinian and Croatian numismatic journals, by Patsch, Brunschmied, and Münsterberg.
The Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum series describes and illustrates the contents of several museum collections from many countries; of which the richest in Illyrian material is SNG Tübingen followed by SNG Copenhagen. Almost all other SNGs contain some Illyrian coins. Not in this series, but a similar publication contains a very rich Illyrian material of the Osijek Museum in Croatia.
Ceka's attempt for the chronological classification of the drachms was improved by Conovici. His and Melinda Torbágyi's suggestions gave fundamental inspiration to my work on the Greek-Illyrian coinage, the results of which can be found in this website. Further details of methodology and supporting arguments are in my published articles
2. General literature references
- Maier, A. Die Silberprägung von Apollonia und Dyrrhachion. Numismatische Zeitschrift 41 (Neue Folge 1), 1908, 1-33.
- Ceka 1965:
- Ceka, H. Probleme të numismatikës ilire. State University, Tirana, 1965.
- Ceka 1972:
- Ceka, H. Questions de numismatique illyrienne. State University, Tirana, 1972.
- Meta, Albana. Le monnayage en argent de Dyrrachion 375-60/55 av. J.-C. École française d'Athènes 2015.
- Gjongecaj, S, Picard, O. Les Monnaies d'Apollonia. In: Apollonia d'Illyrie 1. Atlas archeologique et historique. Collection de l'École française de Rome 391, 2007, 81-106.
- Schlosser, J. Beschreibung der altgriechischen Münzen. I. Thessalien, Illyrien, Dalmatien und die Inseln des Adriatischen Meeres, Epeiros. A. Holzhausen, Vienna, 1893.
- Gardner, P. A catalogue of the Greek coins in The British Museum. Vol. 7: Thessaly to Aetolia. London, 1883. Also, in reprint edition: A. Forni, Bologna, 1963.
- SNG Tb:
- Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum. Deutschland. Münzsammlung der Universität Tübingen. Vol. 2. Taurische Chersones - Korkyra. Gebr. Mann Verlag, Berlin 1982.
- SNG Cop:
- Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum. The Royal Collection of coins and medals, Danish National Museum. Part 11: Thessaly-Illyricum. Copenhagen, 1943. Also in a 8-band reprint edition: Vol.3: Greece, Thessaly to Aegean islands. Sunrise Publications, New Jersey 1982.
- Göricke-Lukiċ, H. Grčki, grčko-kolonijalni i keltski novac iz Muzeja Slavonije Osijek. Osijek, 2004.
- Conovici, N. Cultura şi civilizaţie la Dunarea de Jos. Calarasi 1 (1985) 35-43.
- Torbágyi, Melinda. Umlauf der Münzen von Apollonia und Dyrrhachium im Karpatenbecken. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Numismatic Congress. Vol. 1, 119-122. Louvain-la-Neuve 1993.
4. Hoards mentioned in the chapters
- Gjongecaj S, Picard, O. Le trÃ©sor de Dimalla 1973 et le passage du monnayage hellÃ©nistique au monnayage impÃ©rial Ã Apollonia d'Illyrie. Bulletin de Correspondance HellÃ©nique 122 (1998) 511-527
- Gjongecaj, S. Le trésor de Lleshan (Elbasan). Revue Numismatique 163 (2007) 712-713 + Pl XXV-XXXVIII
- Gjongecaj S. Le Trésor de Kreshpan (Albanie). Revue Numismatique 153 (1998) 81-102 + 7 pl
3. My publications
- Petrányi, G. Comments on the chronology of the final minting period of the Apollonian-Dyrrhachian drachms. Bulletinul Societatii Numismatice Romane 86-87 (1992-1993) 67-75.
- Petrányi, G. Contemporary imitations of Dyrrhachian cow-calf drachms. Numizmatikai Közlöny 92-93 (1993-1994) 109-111.
- Petrányi, G. On the position of the Aibatios/Chairenos issue in the sequence of Apollonian drachms. Studii şi cercetari de numismatica 11 (1995) 59-63.
- Petrányi, G. Relative chronology of the drachms of Apollonia and Dyrrhachium in the final period of minting. Numizmatikai Közlöny 94-95 (1995-1996) 3-18 + 2 Pl.
- Petrányi, G. Gardens of Alkinoos: Fact or fiction? On the reverse pattern of the silver coins from Corcyra, Apollonia and Dyrrhachium. The Celator, November 1998, 22-24.
- Petrányi, G. Apollonia és Dyrrhachium drachmaverése [Drachm minting of Apollonia and Dyrrhachium] [in Hungarian]. Az Érem 58 (2002/2) 10: 1-6.
- Petrányi, G. Srebrne drahme Apolonije i Dirahiona [Silver drachms of Apollonia and Dyrrhachium] [in Serbo-Croatian]. Dinar (1998) 10: 6-8.
- Petrányi, G. The Greek-Illyrian drachms of Apollonia and Dyrrhachium - trade coins for the North-Eastern Balkan region in the early phase of the 1st century BC? Bulletin du Cercle D'etudes Numismatiques 43 (2006) 263-267.
- Petrányi, G. Which name represents the eponymous magistrate on the drachms of Apollonia and Dyrrhachium? Numizmatikai Közlöny 106-107 (2007-2008) 75-82.
- Petrányi, G.: Cow-calf type Greek-Illyrian drachms: chronological questions. Journal of Abgadiyat (2010/5) 28-32.
- Petrányi, G.: Cow/calf type Greek-Illyrian drachms: Problems and facts. In: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Numismatic History and Economy in Epirus during antiquity. Kerma 3 (2013) 77-86 + Pl. 9.


At ELEVATE, we also recognize that not all learning takes place in the classroom. We connect fully with our community through monthly volunteer work at Food For Life, biweekly visits to the local library as well as a variety of field trips.
A Day At ELEVATE
Mon to Fri – 9:30am to 3:30pm
- $Printing/cursive practice
- $Independent reading
- $Daily Reading - Independent and aloud to an adult
- $Daily journal writing
- $Explicit phonics instructions
- $Opportunities to practice oral communication
Indoor Movement and Snack Break
- $Whole group and small guided group instruction with appropriate differentiated lessons
Socio-Emotional Learning (SEL)
- $Zones of Regulation Program
- $Mindfulness Practice
- $Self-regulation strategies (i.e., learning how to recognize emotions, use strategies to achieve self-control and emotional regulation
- $Outdoor recess is in adjoining Central Park with two playgrounds and playing field
- $This can include Science, Social Studies, SuperFlex program, the Arts, Health, Physical Education and other areas of study
*Sample Schedule Subject To Change
Finally, at ELEVATE, our students learn empathy and the importance of caring for others with the help of our program pets:
As you can see, this is not your regular classroom!
If I ask my son, he says he likes how the school goes to the food bank or goes swimming. He enjoys the independence of going to the public library and choosing books for himself. He loves the field trips they take too. All the kids love to see the dog at school and it gives the kids something they can all relate to and share common ground about, regardless of their personal interests. I personally like the fact that there is a low student-to-teacher ratio and he gets so much direct help in the areas he needs. He has always tried hard and had a great attitude about school, but had very few results to show in relation to the amount of effort. At Elevate, he has made leaps and bounds in his reading because they have found the right way to teach him. He’s a bright kid, but with his dyslexia, the public schools could not teach him to read, no matter how amazing his teachers were.
Extracurricular activities are an absolute must. With how intense the learning is, the kids need breaks from that and the extracurriculars are things for the kids to look forward to. Swimming is an important life skill, good exercise, and fun. The food bank teaches compassion and empathy and makes them aware of the community around them and that other people are not all as fortunate and need a hand from time to time. Going to the library without Mom and Dad gives a sense of independence and my son really enjoys that aspect.


Today marks the release of “The Digital Social Contract,” a look at advertising in the world of online video stars and their hyper-engaged audiences.
I am proud to have co-authored this book – the ninth installment of Ogilvy & Mather’s Red Papers series – with Jeremy Katz, Alta Sparling and Bing Chen (along with insights from top creators including Blogilates, DeStorm Power, Pentatonix, The Young Turks’ Cenk Uygur, and Michelle Phan).
You may download “The Digital Social Contract” free as a PDF from http://www.slideshare.net/OgilvyWW/the-digital-social-contract-54664482/
About the Red Paper: The Millennials and generation Z together comprise the most engaged, mobile, and enticing consumers of our time, but brands and agencies have largely misunderstood how these coveted digital natives interact.
We have missed a fundamental truth: There is a new social contract emerging—a digital social contract—that, like Rousseau’s original, has been proposed, ratified, and enforced by those it governs—most especially online video creators and their legions of fans who together stand at the apex of the digital revolution.
In Ogilvy & Mather’s latest Red Paper, “The Digital Social Contract”, Ogilvy’s Jeremy Katz and Robert John Davis join with Alta Sparling and Bing Chen from Victorious to uncover the unspoken social rules governing the digital world and explain to brands how to thrive in it.


Almost as beloved as the works of Shakespeare is the pastime of speculating about Shakespeare. With the possible exception of Jesus, one is hard-pressed to think of another figure in Western history about whom so little is known and yet so much is written. Even as the undisputed facts of the Bard’s life, though they are certainly more numerous than could be expected for a playwright living in the 16th century, remain maddeningly few (and maddeningly quotidian) works purporting to unravel the mysteries of Shakespeare the man – his personal beliefs, familial relationships, even his sexual inclinations – multiply unabated.
Ironically, the very meagerness of the historical record has been something of a boon to this Shakespeare industry, lending credence to an entire subgenre of sometimes wildly speculative notions from authors perhaps overeager to find some new revelatory scrap in the thoroughly picked-over carcass of Shakespearean scholarship. One need only glance at the veritable library of books devoted to this pursuit to uncover head-spinning pronouncements insisting that Shakespeare was a secret homosexual, a Catholic spy, or the author of the King James Bible — to name just three theories that have been seriously floated in recent years. Besides their implausibility, all share a common theme: Shakespeare was an extraordinary writer, and so it stands to reason that he must have led an extraordinary life.
This desire to aggrandize the life of Shakespeare has found its perhaps inevitable conclusion among those who choose to dispense with that life altogether. These “anti-Stratfordians” — a motley and growing assortment of intellectuals, fringe academics, and devoted dilettantes — contend that the paltry list of humdrum facts surrounding the life of the man from Stratford-upon-Avon could not possibly describe the same genius who produced such monuments of English literature as Hamlet and King Lear. In the poor player’s stead, the anti-Stratfordians have argued for a host of late 16th century luminaries who were supposedly better equipped to be Shakespeare than Shakespeare, a list that’s included everyone from Christopher Marlowe to Francis Bacon.
This “authorship question” has been making the rounds for over two hundred years, but the 20th century saw the debate pick up steam, and not just among well-read cranks – along the way the anti-Stratford movement acquired such famous adherents as Sigmund Freud, Mark Twain, and Malcolm X. What led these men, along with so many others, to adopt a theory that mainstream scholarship had so completely and convincingly dismissed? And why, in the light of overwhelming evidence for Shakespeare as the true author of the works bearing his name, does the debate continue to flourish?
Those are the questions James Shapiro’s Contested Will: Who Wrote Shakespeare attempts to answer. Shapiro isn’t so much concerned with making the case for Shakespeare’s authorship (though he does dutifully trot out the evidence in the book’s final chapter) as he is in profiling some of history’s more well-known Shakespeare deniers in an attempt to make sense of the underlying question in this strange debate: Why, to put the matter simply, isn’t Shakespeare good enough?
The reasons range from simple classist snobbery to a need among some to either exalt Shakespeare on the one hand or dethrone him as a bolt-from-the-blue literary god on the other. But for Shapiro, the fundamental disagreement between Shakespeare boosters and those who argue for someone else as the author is essentially a philosophical one. On one side are the anti-Stratfordians, many (but not all) of whom methodically disassemble the plays and poems for insight into what “Shakespeare” thought, felt and directly experienced, reasoning that he couldn’t have possibly composed his works without leaving some trace of himself — intentional or not — behind.
On the other are Stratford supporters like Shapiro, who take an agnostic view regarding just how much of his life Shakespeare transmuted into art and argue that it doesn’t much matter anyway — Shakespeare surely borrowed from books, recycled overheard stories, and invented from whole cloth as much as he drew from the details of his own life when writing – everything is impossibly tangled together. These different approaches to reading Shakespeare, Shapiro argues, collapse into one simple question: can fictive literary works exist as independent creations wholly removed from their authors’ experiences and feelings? In other words, does the author of a written work of fiction necessarily stamp her head and heart onto every page of her creation, leaving her true self buried somewhere in her art, where it patiently waits to be teased out by those perceptive enough to uncover it?
For most anti-Stratfordians, and indeed for many modern observers who accept the view that Shakespeare from Stratford was the author of the works, the answer to the last question is a resounding “yes.” One need only survey the most recent Shakespeare pseudo-biographies to find critics citing passages in the plays as evidence of everything from Shakespeare’s true religious affiliation to his feelings about the death of his son. But the anti-Stratfordians, not content to simply psychoanalyze Shakespeare through his writing, build on this assumption by arguing that the humble glover’s son couldn’t possibly have written the plays and poetry attributed to him, because he couldn’t possibly have known about or experienced most of what he wrote. They point to the Stratford Shakespeare’s lack of formal education, his provincial status, and his largely cloistered existence as evidence that he would have been incapable of producing the works attached to his name, with their erudition, worldliness, and intimate knowledge of royal courts.
As Shapiro makes clear, such readings of Shakespeare are all based on a singularly modern (and mistaken) way of interpreting the works, one which assumes that all writing is, on some level, autobiographical. We want to find Shakespeare somewhere, and given the dearth of other information about him, what he wrote down is the best and only country we have to explore. But as Contested Will affirms, the profound humanity of the works can sometimes lead us astray, and when we gaze too long into the seductive mirror of Shakespeare’s worlds, we may sometimes forget that it is our own reflection staring back at us.Buy This Book On Amazon


In anticipation for the 2-DVD set (by Artpix) of
William Wegman‘s remastered short films – I thought I’d post a preview of his influential work.
You may remember the Acne Studios SS13 Campaign (3rd photo above) peppered with dog portraits?
That was him. The first two photos above were taken earlier on in his career…
Soon to come from ARTPIX:
A definitive 2-DVD compilation of over 150 videos made by the artist William Wegman and re-mastered by him exclusively for ARTPIX in 2006. From the earliest black and white reel-to-reel tapes to the most recent digital color videos this collection has not been previously assembled and available on disc. It is an exhaustive archive of the innovative and influential, and often hilarious, performances of the artist both with and without his Weimeraner friend (and dog), Man Ray. Inspired by the oblique humor of the 1950s radio program Bob and Ray as much as by the atmosphere of experimentation in the art of the 1960s, Wegman created a cross-over form of visual art that had almost no precedent and that received favorable critical notice from a wide audience of art lovers. Wegman and ARTPIX has re-introduced some of the earliest clips that have not been available as well as produced definitive versions of other segments through restoration of the original tapes. Included are Spit Sandwich (1970), Reels 1-7 (1970-77), Gray Hairs (1976) and Reels 8 and 9 (1997-99) for a total running time of 3 hours and 56 minutes. Memorable sequences included are “Dog Duet”, “Milk/Floor”, “Massage Chair” and “Stomach Song.” Included with the discs is a reprint of Kim Levin’s essay from 1982 for an exhibition at the Walker Art Center, Minneapolis titled Wegman’s Video: Funny Instead of Formal along with a definitive chronology of the complete videos.
Total Running Time 3 hours, 56 minutes
Our selection of Artpix DVD’s will include works by Trisha Brown, Robert Rauschenberg, John Cage, Merce Cunningham, Robert Whitman and Mike Kelley. Order is due to arrive beginning of October.


Though peacefully prosperous during most of the intervening years, the Meudon site was subject to damaging military occupation at both the beginning and the end of the constitutionally unsettled period from the foundation of the turbulent First Republic in the aftermath of the 1789 Revolution to the restoration of stability with the establishment of the Third Republic in 1871. The Chateau Vieux was « accidentally » destroyed in 1795, during first wave of occupation, by revolutionary army forces commanded by the recently promoted Colonel Laclos, previously known (and still remembered) for his
daring authorship, as a young officer under the Ancien Regime, of Liaisons dangereuses. A relatively uneventful period of routine repare and maintenance for use by the imperial or royal authorities in the long period from the reign of Napoleon I to that of Napoleon III, was followed by another military occupation at the period of the Paris Commune - this time by Bavarian units of Bismark’s besieging army - of which the outcome was the destruction of the upper part (but not the foundations) of the Chateau Neuf.
It was in the pre-brumaire years (1792-1799) of the First Republic that Meudon’s future vocation as a centre of what is now called aerospace research and developent was precociously manifested, when it was designated by the government as the site for the development of advanced
technology for military applications. It was not as a literary celebrity but as a leading expert in the technology of explosive projectiles (for use both on land and at sea) that Choderlos de Laclos was chosen to command the establishment that was set up for the purpose of producing such (evidently dangerous) munitions in the (thereby doomed) Chateau Vieux.
However what has retained the attention of later aerospace historians is not what happened in the Chateau Vieux, but the hardly less dangerous work
undertaken at the same time in the Chateau Neuf, under the
direction of Captains Nicolas Conté (a chemist) and Jean Coutelle (a physicist) both former students of Dr Charles, the inventor of the hydrogen balloon that had prompted the warning to Franklin that flying would be be used for war. The fulfilment of that prophecy was the task for which Conté and Coutelle were sent to Meudon. The outcome (in which the Chateau Neuf survived but Conté lost an eye) was the construction of the first batch of usefully operational balloons, namely Entreprenant, Céleste, Hercule, and finally (for Bonaparte’s Egyptian expedition) Intrépide.
Piloted by aeronaut Coutelle himself, the Entreprenant successfully carried out several successful battlefield surveillance missions on the Northern front in 1794. Despite these positive results (but after a more disappointing performance in Egypt, where much of the equipment was destroyed by Nelson) Bonaparte’s Consular government deemed that the Meudon air force was insufficiently cost effective, and it was therefore disbanded. This rather ignominious dismissal from military service, and the ensuing liberation from Coutelle’s tether, made it possible at last for the Entreprenant to show what it could do. When its new owner, the free entrepreneur Etienne Robertson,
claimed to have reached the amazing hight of 7 Km in 1803, the government was goaded to bring the Enterprenant back into public service for scientific purposes. After reconditionning by Conté, the veteran aerostat was confided in 1804 to the physicists Jean-Baptiste Biot (specialist in magnetism) and Louis-Joseph Gay-Lussac. With Biot as ballast the ceiling was reached at the relatively modest hight of 4 Km, but finally - voyaging alone with minimal equipment - Gay-Lussac did indeed reach the 7 Km target altitude, this time under scientifically controled conditions. The Meudon balloon thus established a record that stood unchallenged for half a century.
From the beginning of the empire of Napoleon I to the end of that of Napoleon III, the Meudon campus reverted to its less exciting earlier role as a royal palace of secondary importance, while the development of flight proceeded elsewhere with only limited success : though useful for scientific exploration of the atmosphere, the aerostats were found to be more trouble
that they were worth for either military or commercial purposes. Their weakness was what might be desribed as the Flying Dutchman problem, with reference to the opera that was one of the most noteworthy creations of this otherwise relatively unremarkable period of Meudon history. This first major work by the subsequently controversial musician Richard Wagner was written in what is now the Avenue de l’Observatoire, where its composer was a temporarily bankrupt refugee from Saxony (so literally a fleeing Deutsch man) in 1841.
An allegorical expression of the plight of wind-drifting flyers in those pioneering days was provided in Act 1, by the plaintive song of the Flying Dutchman, whose words were « Unmoglich duncht mich, dass ich’s nenne die Lander alle, die ich fand : das eine nur, nach dem ich brenne, ich find’es nicht mein, mein Heimatland ! » which roughly means I have found plenty of other places, but what I still seek is the way to get home ! The solution to the problem was prophetically proposed at the beginning of Act 2, where it was suggested that the way to bring the flyer home would be to use a spinning wheel to drive the wind : in the words of the accompanying audioclip « ... gutes Radchen, braus und suaus ! Ach ! gabst du Wind, er kam geshwind. Spinnt ! Spinnt ! ... »
Forty years later, when the musical wizard was nearing the end of his provocative life - but barely a mile from where these imaginative words were written - Meudon’s Etang de Chalais was chosen for the first serious program of construction of the necessary spinning wheel machinery - whose essential element was of course a screw propellor.


Read this book on Scribd, get a month free and I get a a few weeks too!
Herself gave me the idea that I should write a wee about the books I’m reading. She was asking me whether I remember most of the books I read, and I had to admit that, well, I remember the interesting bits, mostly, but of course you’re going to forget a bit.
So she said you should keep a diary of all the books you read for the year and you can tell people about them too. So, let’s kick off 2023 with the first one then; The Flowering Wand: Rewilding the Sacred Masculine, a book written by Sophie Strand. I don’t know much about Ms Stand, I’ve just had a quick look at her socials there and they clock in at about just over 40,000 across Instagram and Twitter.
What’s this book about? Well, first of all a hat-tip to me auld mucker Tommie Kelly for recommending the book. The book is of the basic idea that masculinity these days is all very toxic and has goes awry. And that if we actually examine the places where our ideas of masculinity come from then we’ll actually have a better idea of what it was supposed to stand for and we’d all be better off for it.
The Heroes of Mythology
Oh, I nearly forgot to add, in the wee praise section at the beginning there’s a few words from Manchán Magan, if you might remember he was the host of a great TG4 documentary I was harping on about last year. I’m not sure if it’s still online but if you can find it it’s a great watch. Anyway, Strand begins the book by looking back into our ancient past and the myths which show that there was a prevalent Devine Feminine belief system present before the likes of the Ancient Greeks came along. The changeover from that belief system to the foundation of the Western World are best illustrated in the story of the Minotaur; the bull symbolizes the old religion and how it is left to rot in a Labyrinth. Now I don’t need to go into the ins-and-outs for her reasoning but it’s spot on and pretty much commonly-held.
She investigates the stories of Dionysus in great depth, he gets three or four very good chapters over the books. There’s Merlin, Osiris, Orpheus, Merlin. Tolkien and his characters gets a look in too and there’s some chapters dedicated to interpretations of Major Arcana Tarot cards too.
Now, while the ideas are well put together there’s a few things that are going to annoy people here. Robert Graves is referenced. Yes, the White Goddess chap. Look, Robert Graves should never be referenced unless it’s to say, Robert Graves; bullshitter. He just straight up lied in his books. There’s also mention of the Gospel of Mary Magdalene which was proven to be a fake quite a while ago now.
Unfortunately these things are standard in spirituality books and it’s disappointing because, well, you’ve taken the time to study something and search for evidence but you’ve stopped short of investigating the claims of those people and when reading a book like this it really calls into question the other research of the author.
The Hero’s Journey
Joseph Campbell’s Hero’s Journey is mentioned plenty of times in the book too and I think Strand doesn’t understand something critical about the Hero’s Journey. Throughout the book; it’s taken as a given that the Hero’s Journey will always end in success, this is not the case, the Hero’s Journey can end at any point in total failure, where the journey can either restart again later either at the same point, or the beginning or it just doesn’t.
There’s quite a bit of ‘woke’ language in there too. And I don’t really mind that but it will date the book and I can’t imagine that anyone reading it in 10, 15, 20 years time will care much for it as the issues just won’t be around then. Then again, that can all be sorted in other editions down the years so that’s very much a moot point.
Back to the overall argument of the book. Ya see now, the thing for me was that because I know a fair bit about Irish Mythology now I take it for granted that all the heroes and gods of old were representations of both the masculine and feminine principles. Sure, indeed, we have to make the argument that all heroes are the embodiment of both aspects and their best trait. Maybe it’s just me but when I think of a god, say Dionysus in an objective way then it’s easy to see what his masculine and feminine elements are and I’m not really sure if pointing them out is going to do anything about the perceived problem of modern ‘toxic masculinity’. It’s not like the likes of Andrew Tate and all those other pick-up-artist muppets are going to read this book and see the errors of their way. On the other hand though, if we could all look at our heroes in general and how we can find the balance of masculine and feminine elements in them, then we might be able to do it for ourselves.
Probably a better approach would have been to look at Carl Jung’s idea of the Anima and Animus for men and women and his theory that if we look to the masculine/feminine aspects that are missing in our lives then we can achieve a better, more-rounded, happier way of living. It’s worth checking out on Scribd and going straight to the chapters on Dionysus and the ancient religions for the best bits of the book.
- Book: Valis – Philip K. Dick
- Book: The End of Your World: Uncensored Straight Talk on the Nature of Enlightenment – Adyashanti
- Fiction: The Energies
- Robert Anton Wilson Meditation Experiment


October 11, 2017
It finally feels like Fall! I am so happy. I love the cooler weather-sweaters and jackets!
Last week, while strolling through the library, I came upon 'The Appeal,' by John Grisham. Years ago, I read a few of his books for an assignment but this one is purely for joy, and what a delight it is. If you didn't understand how the judicial system work, and how political it has become you will after reading this book. The book also illuminates how Super- PACs actually works. Everyone should read this book, it's a form of tutorial of the nebulous ways money infiltrate elections, but not in the way of a boring text book.


"Father of the Philippine Trade Union Movement"
- 1st Filipino leader and founder of the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP, 1930)
- Established the Workers’ Party (Partido Obrero, 1922)
"My heart bleeds"
YEAR OF DEATH
January 25, 1942
USEFUL LINKSCrisanto Evangelista on Wikipedia
The People of the Philippine Islands vs. Crisanto Evangelista
100 significant events in Philippine history
Important Events in Philippine History
Philippine Labor Movement Marks Ka Bert Olalia's 100th Birthday
Struggle for National Democracy


The story of Haven
"...Widely viewed as one of the most wicked men in history, Mayor Alan had not set out to do harm. Although certainly not perfect, he put the people’s needs before his own. He loved his family: his wife Elaine, their son Michael, and daughter Alanna. His children were healthy and happy; Michael was working his way up the ladder of the military while Alanna was the envy of every young woman in the kingdom. Alanna’s beauty, with her father’s raven black hair and her mother’s brilliant blue eyes began many a fight among her suitors.a quote from Might and Magic story "The Silence" by Bard Tanni
One dark night Alanna was found murdered outside the council meeting hall. Her grieving father swore vengeance on the murderer. A message came to Alan accusing his fellow council members of the crime. He ordered the five elders arrested for murdering his daughter. Their vehement denials fell upon deaf ears as Alan dispensed with a trial ordered them executed. One of the five elders, Theodore, was caught while the other four escaped. His execution was swift and painful.
The remaining four, Eldan, Andrew, Thomas, and Matthew, fled northeast to Vissias, a country is south of what is now Blackshire, and begged sanctuary. Alan’s forces pursued but were met by the army of the Vissians who stopped them at the border. Alan demanded the "killers" be turned over to him. The Vissians refused. The two sides fell to fighting, and by the end of the day, Alan’s son Michael had fallen in battle.
Blinded by grief and rage, Alan activated the Ancient weapon. The wrath of heaven poured out of the artifact, instantly slaying both armies to a man and filling the land with poison. Fire rained onto the town of Aliant, burned the green fields of Vissias, and wrought ruin for hundreds of miles around. Uninhabitable for centuries, the formerly lush lands of Vissias and Aliant became the vast desert known now as Dragonsand...
...The legends are unclear on the exact date of the Day of Fire, but they are clear on one thing—the date of the awful Silence that followed soon after. A new calendar was formed to mark the dark occasion—a constant reminder of what happened 1,168 years ago."
The story of Haven (1) began after "Alan activated the Ancient weapon" and violated the ecosystem of the planet Enroth. The day on which the weapon of mass destruction was used was named the Day of Fire. As a result of that fateful day new races began to appear on the desert lands. On different continents giant scorpios, pantheroids and tigroids (named so because of having a torso and head of animals and hands and feet were similar to humans) started to spread. These predators hunted the surviving inhabitants of these places, spreading fear wherever they appeared. Also after the Day of Fire an underwater world began to develop rapidly.
A large number of new water dwellers appeared in the ocean such as huge crabs, giant squids, turtles and serpents. New races also appeared among inhabitants of coastal areas: half-fish-half-human (tritons and mermaids) and half-bird-half-human (sirens). The new races of wild marine animals lived mostly in deep waters, so the half-humans preferred to live near the coasts. Mermaids and Tritons built improvised homes from coastal rocks and wrecks. Sirens erected stone caves on small hills in coastal areas. Demihumans initially avoided each other because they did not get along, and didn't want to fall victim to a hostile race. Tritons and mermaids also had marine enemies: huge crabs that hunted coastal residents. And sirens were forced to lead constant battles with continental predators: pantheroids, tigroids and giant scorpios. Driven by hunger, these creatures gradually learned to cooperate in groups. Fish-humans were also attacked and therefore learned to build settlements, fortified both by sea and from the coastal area. Seeing that inside the walls of fortified settlements Fish-humans felt much calmer, sirens entered into an alliance with them and began to work with them. Thus was born a demihuman community in which tritons were taught the art of melee, mermaids developed archery, and sirens were responsible for audacious attacks from the air that had a psychological impact on the enemy.
It continued until continental peoples began to reacquire their former strength, recovering from the terrible disaster. In addition to military skills, they also developed magic. The magicians managed to push the new races of continental predators from their territory to the coast, not giving them the opportunity to hunt in the depths of the continent. These predators had no choice but to attack fortified settlements of half-humans. At first they did not succeed but eventually they learned to make simple military equipment and weapons on the basis of trophies they received in combat with continental forces. The siege of fortified settlements became more effective and often brought victory to the attackers. In these battles, special units were formed to conduct skillful anti-siege actions. Thus, among the archer-mermaids stood out a special caste of shooters that could cause more damage from the fortifications' walls. They were particularly disciplined and inflicted more damage to the enemy. Such shooters were called Undines. And among the sirens was formed a group of specially-violent members of this race. This group could fly long distances, inflict more damage by its natural agility and temporarily disorient the enemy, who lost all sense of reality from their shrill rallying cry. These sirens were called Sea Witches. The fighting became more and more bloody and casualties on both sides more devastating. Finally predators, not by skill but by their numbers, began to suppress the semi-humans' resistance, seizing their towns. Such developments would inevitably lead to the destruction of coastal races. But at this point there was one significant event .
On that day, they say, the gods descended to the planet to ease her suffering. Was that the truth - nobody knew, but what happened that day obviously changed the face of the planet for the better, with one exception. So, the very day when the semi-human race was already on the brink of extinction, from the depths of the sea rose a mysterious archipelago. Rumors had been said that this happens once in a thousand years. True or not - no one, of course, could say for sure, but many who had a direct relation to magic knew that this archipelago was a powerful source of magic. The first thing that was noticed after this archipelago rose: the environment of the planet improved. The air was cleaner, the land fertile, and the continental race of predators suddenly disappeared. They said that they hid in caves and dungeons, which still kept the old air, and even brought another race of predators, which with horror were called Bloody Chimera. These terrible creatures with three heads turned to dust anyone who touched them. So, it seemed, to protect themselves from total destruction, they also created a monster to protect their underground territories. But how they were not killed themselves by these creatures no one could really say. However, few believed these stories. Most believed that all the predators were killed by the new, cleaner air, because a lot of them were found dead with damaged lungs.
Tharlai and Lethan. The story of Leviathan.
Meanwhile, many advanced mages traveled to the risen mysterious archipelago, as it was known that anyone who mastered the secrets of this magical source would become the greatest magician and receive immortality. Two of them have achieved the best results in the finding of the Source. One was called Tharlai, and the other Lethan. Tharlai was the first who reached the Source of Magic, but he reasoned that without the necessary knowledge of how to use it, he was unlikely to be able to use it properly. The second who reached this Source was Lethan. Being a less considerate and very ambitious magician, he took possession of the Source and began to attempt to learn it without the necessary knowledge. Tharlai, after a thorough search, found one old library and among the ancient manuscripts found instructions on how to use the Source of Magic. He found that the creators of ancient manuscripts had known that the Source would certainly be possessed by an unworthy and foolish magician. In addition, they warned the reader against such a move, and also gave advice on how to take away The Source from the unworthy, and apply it in a proper way. For example, The Source must be neutralized with an artifact, the Curse of the Deep. This artifact was hidden in a safe place, and a key to its location was a clever puzzle, contained in the manuscript. After many attempts Tharlai managed to solve this puzzle and to calculate the location of the artifact. In addition, he learned that the Source cannot be touched in any case. To get its power the magician had to kneel and say the spell, which was also placed in the manuscript. Armed with the artifact, Tharlai hurried to the mysterious archipelago.
Meanwhile, Lethan was busy. He was a pretty good magician, and so was able to decipher some magical way to access the power of the Source and get immortality. But the moment he did so, he felt his body turn into a giant serpent-dragon of dark-green color. The first sound Lethan-Dragon made was a loud roar of despair which shook the entire planet from edge to edge. At this time he saw Tharlai, coming straight at him with a raised artifact, the Curse of the Deep. The power of The Source was neutralized, and Lethan-Dragon was raised high above the ground by the magical effect of the artifact and, followed by a strong squall wind, dropped to the bottom of the ocean, where he was sealed. After that Tharlai put the artifact in a secure location only he knew, and, thereafter, made a ritual of receiving magical power from the Source, becoming immortal and the most powerful magician in the world.
Leviathan. The formation of Haven fraction as a powerful underwater kingdom.
Despite the fact that Lethan-Dragon was on the ocean floor, bound by the artifact's magical effect, he found that his magical abilities were increased significantly. So, while he fell into the abyss of the ocean, accompanied by a squall wind, he was able to discover its effects and learn the art of how to cast it. Having appeared in the abyss, he discovered that he had completely subdued the water element and could control it via the magic. Using this he quickly subdued all the deep-sea races to his will, forcing them to serve him. Thus, he created a powerful underwater kingdom. With only part of the magical power of the Source he founded his magical school, in which was combined a control of air and water. He named this magical school Storm Magic. He also declared himself the lord of the seas and oceans named Leviathan that, in translation of his dialect, in a rather unique combination of letters, meant: cursed Lethan.
Miraculously rescued from continental predators, demihumans had seen the fall of an unknown dragon and attributed the miracle of their salvation to this creature. They were convinced that this dragon sacrificed his place in heaven, and descended into the depths of the sea to save their race from extinction. So they obeyed Leviathan, in whom, moreover, they saw their future well-being. The demihumans called Leviathan The Sovereign Oracle and worshiped him as a god. Leviathan did not remain in debt. He chose very capable demihumans for magic and gave them the opportunity to live not only in coastal areas, but also in the depths of the ocean, so that they could fully master his school of magic. Over time, these demihumans mutated into a separate caste of magicians which Leviathan called Sea Bishops. In the service of them Leviathan chose a special paramilitary unit of tritons which became the guardians of water altars where homage was paid to Leviathan and carried out a magical effect on the ocean. These guardians were called Templar Warriors. They differed from the ordinary tritons in that, as Sea Bishops, they could live at extreme depths of the ocean. In addition, Leviathan created a race of magical snakes, which he called Abyss Wyrm. These giant snakes could move through the air with magic and bring on the the enemy White Squall, i.e. they were able to control air and water masses.
The oceans, until that time relatively peaceful, became covered by huge waves. Squall winds turned to storms. In the vastness of the ocean whirlpools began to appear, which were nothing more than a place of teleporting - magical interaction between water altars, over which the whirlpools were created. However, the teleportation worked not only in depth, but also on the sea surface, directly in the whirlpools themselves. Sailors were terribly afraid of these centers of teleportation, calling them the gates of hell because during the teleportation from one whirlpool to another they lost their people, property, and often ships. This kind of teleport was invented by Leviathan, having conceived it by various combinations of water and air elements. Eventually Leviathan became the undisputed ruler of the ocean. His subordinates erected underwater and coastal towns, learned the military and magic art, ruled over the elements and gathered countless treasures, dominating the sea and robbing ships. Leviathan promoted the most skilled as his inner circle. So there was a class of manowar - top military commanders and Admirals - top magic commanders.
Manowars were mainly engaged in patrolling the waters of the planet. They controlled the pirate enclaves and collected tribute from them (one of these enclaves was, in particular, the island Regna fully controlled by manowars). Manowars also studied the coastal area and constantly monitored it. There were also Manowar scouts, which made brief raids not far into the continent so that, if possible, they could watch any events occurring there. Admirals, basically, provided the action of water altars and regulated an occurrence of storms. It was also the responsibility of admirals to study various manuscripts brought to them from sunken ships in the whirlpools. Thus, the water kingdom of Leviathan gained its strength very quickly. But the more Leviathan felt his power over the ocean, the more he wanted to return to the state in which he was not an all-powerful dragon, but a mere mortal. The feeling of loneliness and longing gradually took possession of him, and he gave less and less time to magic, and indulged more in dreams of a return to the normal shape of magician Lethan, until, finally, he abandoned magic research.
The latest creation of the Leviathan was a very powerful artifact, which could control the elements of cold. Leviathan called it Sword of Frost, in commemoration of the coldness of melancholy which pierced his heart like a sword. The sword was so good and conveyed so well a sense of Leviathan, that he could not admire it for a long time, and pushed it with all his magical power out of the waters. The Sword flew rapidly from the depths of the ocean and, flying over a large part of the planet, stuck in the top of the mountain near the town of Volee, which was located on the blossoming island of Vori Elves. There the Sword was found by one light-fingered magician, who, seeing the beauty and splendor of the artifact, decided to arrogate to himself the honor of its creation. The fame of the wondrous artifact quickly spread far beyond the island Vori. But soon the island was covered with a terrible glacier, and the magician hid the artifact and escaped as soon as possible from this land to avoid punishment from the Vori people, who accused him of creating an uncontrolled sword of frost. It is with this name - The Sword of Frost, which completely coincided with the name given to it by the creator, the artifact went down in history.
Meanwhile, melancholy had so captured the soul of the Lord of the seas and oceans that he could not think of anything else except release from his water captivity. Day after day, year after year, century after century Leviathan cherished dreams of how he would turn back into a mere mortal. The only possibility to do so, though rather faint, was to find an artifact, Curse of the Deep. Leviathan believed that this artifact, locking him in the abyss, would be able to get him out of this immortal captivity. Eventually this faith grew into an obsession. For centuries, he sent his courtiers, manovar and admirals with orders to find the Curse of the Deep. He gave his subjects a huge army for that purpose, and promised a bounty to anyone who will find the artifact. But time and time again they came back with nothing. This was explained by the fact that they had to find an artifact on the continents, and for them, accustomed to surfing the waters, the land was difficult to move on. As a result, many from them did not return from such missions.
Raven and Illianis. The two Haven Campaign heroes.
But two manovars were eventually able to trace a clue that could lead to an artifact. They found that Tharlai, over time, divided the artifact into nine parts and put the pieces on different continents of the planet so it would be harder to collect them. The two manovar even succeeded in finding two parts of the artifact. Raven accidentally found one part on the continent Enroth, and the second - Illianis on the Jadame. Moreover, Illianis did an entire military campaign to be on Jadame during the borrowed time of opening the gates to the Elemental Planes, and for this he assembled the fleet of Regna pirates and occupied approaches to Jadame. However, after he found a part of the artifact he left the Regna navy and hurried with a message to Leviathan. Also, these two manovars procured approximate description of all parts made by Tharlai as components of which is an artifact the Curse of the Deep and information, although very controversial, about the location of other parts of the artifact. Raven said that they were on Antagarich and Illianis had information that these parts were likely hidden on the island of Nighon. This news, as well as the discovery of the artifacts, overjoyed Leviathan so much that he showered both of them with lavish gifts, lifted them above the rest of his subordinates and of course ordered them to continue the search.
Both manowars were certainly talented military leaders. Raven and Illianis were the first of Leviathan's subordinates to begin to comprehend the wisdom of the continental movement. Being very ambitious, they both hated each other as only equal rivals can. Leviathan favored Raven, because he had a calm disposition and was both firm and reasonable. Illianis also reminded Leviathan of himself back in the mortal body - he was very ambitious and self-absorbed, and although in many military qualities was superior to Raven - as the best tactician and organizer - but, his impulsive and extravagant character could easily overshadow his ability. This was too much like the magician Lethan. Therefore, remembering his sad fate, Leviathan did not particularly rely on Illianis, but fully trusted Raven.
The Campaign of Haven.
They even say that Mutare herself was seriously concerned about the situation. Anyway, very soon Illianis received from her an invitation to cooperate in her upcoming campaign against the state AvLee on the Antagarich. Ambitious Illianis rashly agreed to get involved in continental politics which were unnecessary for his mission. In fact, Mutare was not going to cooperate with the aliens from the ocean - she believed that they were of little use in severe continental battles, but only a hindrance. Just now she had to gain time, so that the sea creatures did not disrupt the prepared campaign by weakening her troops on the periphery. She removed a main danger, Hydron, in her usual manner - with the help of a specially-made water dragon, which she sarcastically called "Leviathan". Having an immunity to Hydron's terrible spell, "Leviathan" ate a small army of admiral, then disappeared. Hydron himself had to teleport to the Elemental Planes. However, he managed to find the very witch they had sought and sent her with the guards to Illianis before he was attacked by water dragons of Mutare. Illianis, even though he was upset by the mysterious disappearance of his companion, received what he needed. In exchange for her freedom, the witch pointed out the location of all six of the remaining parts of the artifact Curse of the Deep and then Illianis had a distinct advantage over Raven. If what the witch said was right, it was only necessary to get to these places - and the winner would be Illianis in this part-time duel with Raven. There was only one problem - Illianis' promise to Mutare, which to break now, in the absence of Hydron, was extremely dangerous. Three of the remaining parts of the artifact, according to the witch, were located on the Antagarich. He could go there with Mutare, and then act as circumstances dictated. But in fact Illianis had simply been deceiving himself: an alliance with Mutare was a trap for him.
Raven was confused, as he had to decide as quickly as possible a dual issue. On the one hand - Illianis, as Raven himself, served Leviathan, and an attack on him would be regarded as a betrayal. On the other hand - Illianis was his personal enemy and opponent. Besides, this was an important mission entrusted to Raven by Tarnum himself. If he did not comply with this mission, all his dreams of glory as a continental hero would turn to dust. Raven pondered the situation and decided to attack. Naturally, the most powerful part of the Curse of the Deep which was in his possession gave him the determination and confidence for unconditional victory. Afterwards, he would somehow find a way to justify his actions to Leviathan. Currently, continental authorities were more important to him. Illianis was surprised to see the Raven's army attacking him, but, without hesitation, fought back. The battle turned out cruel and bloody. Kin who were united by the water element ruthlessly destroyed each other on the continent in the name of alien rulers. Raven once again underestimated his opponent: Illianis had three parts of the artifact Curse of the Deep with him, so the power of his army was much stronger than could have been expected. Raven was saved by the fact that he could clone warriors. But even with this advantage the battle raged on and continued under the cover of night. When the soldiers on both sides were nearly exhausted, a duel of the two manowar began. The rest of the night and till the very dawn, they fought, until, finally, Illianis broke down and made a stupid mistake allowing Raven to inflict a crushing blow to him. Illianis fell down and pretended to be dead. Tired of the fight, Raven did not check whether Illianis was dead (and maybe he did not want to do this). He just took Illianis' property and hurried from the battlefield with several survivors of his retinue. A few of Illianis' soldiers that survived the battle joined the Raven. As for Illianis himself, a local elf woman secretly sheltered him in her house.
Gathering loyal troops, the manovar moved underground. According to spies, Mutare had restored her power in the deepest caves of the central part of Nighon, the passage to which Illianis did not know. So he had to wander through the endless underground labyrinths, and even to fight with some unknown soldiers led by a nightmarish three-headed creature who killed a squad with just one touch. But in the end he managed to get to the enclave of the defeated Mother of Dragons, occasionally encountering a little resistance from minotaurs. Obviously, Mutare knew of his intentions, and would prefer to concentrate all power in her main citadel. When approaching the enclave, Illianis met the very water dragons which had dealt with Hydron. Apparently, Mutare decided that these creatures were best to defeat water aliens. But Illianis was ready for such developments and, eventually, mastered them. Then he was met by other types of dragons, which were already known from the recent war in Antagarich. However, these dragons were not so much. Most likely Mutare just did not have time to restore the former power of her dragon army. Thus, Illianis was coming closer to the very mistress of dragons. After defeating several underground lords directly guarding her territory, Illianis finally laid siege to the main city of Mutare. The battle was hard and nerve-wracking. Mutare repeatedly called onto the battlefield various dragons, which greatly complicated the tactics of Illianis. His army was melting before his eyes. The forces of Mutare were exhausted too, but still the situation was uneven. And at that moment Illianis saw the spirit of Hydron. It suddenly appeared, applied his favorite cast Storm several times, and then just as suddenly disappeared. "Victory!" - cried the soldiers of Illianis, but Mutare was still alive. In impotent rage she pounced on the manovar, so that he barely had time to draw his sword. Being absolutely sure that in a long standoff he could not defeat Mutare, the manovar rushed straight at her with his sword drawn and with all his strength thrust it into the heart of the Dragon Lady.
Meanwhile, Leviathan accepted Raven's report about his mission. The parts of the artifact were delivered. Mission accomplished. However, the lord of the seas and oceans was black as a thundercloud. In fact, he'd had great hopes for the mission of Illianis and, especially, Raven as the start of great gains of the continental areas. Strictly speaking, the artifact was only a pretext; although Leviathan dreamed of returning to his normal state. In reality, he was the one who was, and his aspirations extended on the basis of this reality. Maybe he had believed that the artifact would free him from centuries-old captivity, but the centuries-old search for the Curse of the Deep allowed his approximate to get a significant advance in the development of continental life. All this opened up new horizons for the Leviathan. To become a world ruler - that, for some time, fully occupied his aspirations. Now the mission in which he had stored such great hope had failed. Moreover, the failure of Raven and Illianis was a humiliation as the lord of the seas and oceans, as omnipotent Leviathan - the god worshiped by all sea creatures. Now this god did not exist. He was humiliated, trampled by some kind of continental upstarts, which he could destroy at sea by a wave of his hands. But only at sea. God ceases to be a god when he loses the sense of omnipotence. That is what happened to the Leviathan. Trying to lift an unbearable burden, he ruptured himself. Now, even if he did not want to take an artifact, he would have to use it. There was no alternative. He only hoped that these nine pieces of worthless metal would save him from humiliation - this captivity was now unbearable for the Leviathan - not the real one, to which he had become accustomed over the centuries, but this new one, which threw him from his pedestal and turned him into nothing.
Coldly dismissing Raven, who was pretty embarrassed by this attitude toward him, Leviathan for the last time cast a glance at his already non-existent kingdom and connected all parts of the artifact Curse of the Deep. An incredible storm immediately rose on the whole water surface of the planet. The ocean was like a giant continuous wave. Everywhere floated tornadoes and typhoons, tsunamis rolled over the coast. All deep space turned into a single vortex, which in a moment swept up all the power of Leviathan. Leviathan also found himself in the same place where many centuries ago he'd explored the Source of Magic. Now he was a mere mortal - a magician Lethan, as he'd dreamed for centuries. Breathing deeply the salty air of the storm, he looked at a sparkling sky darkened by thousands of lightning bolts with the raging water element, smiled bitterly and said:"The reckoning comes for everything in this world". And at that very moment two powerful artifacts clashed in battle: Armageddon's Blade and the Sword of Frost - the latest creation of Leviathan.
especialy for "Haven", the new town of Heroes of Might and Magic 3.5 In the Wake Of Gods,
Kevin James Furlong (Chicago, USA),
English translation co-author,
<<<<1. All global events of this story (such as The Reckoning, The Day of Fire, Antagarich wars, The Sword of Frost, Mutare and other) are based on the Chronicles of Enroth which can be found here (in Russian). This story is based on the disclosure (as interpreted by the author) of some events, only briefly mentioned in the Chronicles.


Our book, On This Day She, is published in the UK by John Blake Books, in Poland (as Niezwykłe), – and in India together with HarperCollins India and Australia through Allen and Unwin. US edition coming Oct 2022. Find out more, including links to buy the hardback, ebook and audiobook, here. And if you missed our online book launch, a recording is available on our Events & Interviews page.
Praise for the book:
Kate Mosse in The Guardian (21 May 2022): “what better book to bring people together than one that celebrates the extraordinary achievements of women of the past, as a reminder of what is possible in the present? On This Day She … began life as a social media campaign, started by Bell, Hershman and Holland, after Holland had been given a calendar of historical events and realised that women were barely mentioned. This is a joyous and celebratory tribute to all those who battled to be heard, who fought for their achievements to be recognised and honoured, who simply kept going.”Ginny Carter (Amazon): “Brilliantly inspiring: I expected to enjoy learning about women I’d never heard of and their amazing achievements, but what I didn’t expect was how inspired I would feel. If you want to unleash your inner superwoman, this is the book for you.”
Jacki Wilkes (Amazon): “It is the best way to start the day, 5 mins is all it takes to be inspired by this gem of a book and all its female (often unsung) heroines and other remarkable women many of whom would be unknown or forgotten. An absolute must have!“
Bean (Amazon): “This is not just a book. This is a weighty historical document that should be read by everyone!“


The mountain of knowledge
"Learn the lesson that, if you are to do the work of a prophet, what you need is not a scepter but a hoe." (St. Bernard)
As St. Pius X insists, this learning must be predominantly the science of God, so that when the little ones ask the bread of doctrine there may be someone to break it for them. During the first year, the year of Humanities, the young man augments his knowledge of History, Grammar, Latin, and Religion, while familiarizing himself with Seminary life and silence.
This year quickly passes and is followed by the year of Spirituality. During this second year, the seminarian immerses himself in the study of the spiritual life, of the Magisterium of the Church, and of the Liturgy. With the aid of grace, he obtains a deep understanding of the solemn office to which he aspires, and incorporates this knowledge into every aspect of his life in order to prepare himself to grasp the more difficult studies of Philosophy and Theology.
It goes without saying that the goal, a well-trained intellect and rightly formed conscience capable of penetrating more deeply the mysteries of God, is worth every effort necessary to obtain it. But, as the young man gazes up at the towering obstacle of this two-fold study and struggles to grasp each new axiom and syllogism, he must take courage in the words of Archbishop Lefebvre, “[the seminarian] will acquire a perfect knowledge of the writings of the Angelic Doctor and notably of the Summa Theologica,” knowing that the reward is well worth the sacrifice. The routine may tire him, but he presses on, certain that he cannot love a God he does not know. Equally important, he cannot pass this love on to his flock without first possessing it himself.
A Day in the Life of a Seminarian


You will be able to inspect an ancient and historic 93 foot hand-lettered Hebrew Torah scroll. This scroll is an Ashkenazi (Eastern Europe) Torah scroll from Germany that survived Kristallnacht on Nov 9-10, 1938, where 267 Synagogues were burned and over 800 scrolls like this were destroyed. This scroll was kept safe through the duration of the war and survived the Holocaust. Ratio Christi is now entrusted as the caretakers of this historic artifact and it has already been shown on dozens of university campuses and churches across America. Come see the literal "jots and tittles" in this copy of the first five books of the Bible!
Conference featured speakers include Greg Koukl, author of the renowned book "Tactics," and also Dallas Seminary's Dr. Darrell Bock, an expert on the credibility of the New Testament. Filling out the roster is Dr. Tom Woodward, tackling the question of how to defend and share Christianity in a pluralistic, science-dominated age.
The three speakers will articulate solid evidence and key truths on several questions...
CAN WE KNOW GOD EXISTS...AND DOES SCIENCE HAVE A SAY?
WHY IS THERE EVIL AND SUFFERING IN THE WORLD?
CAN WE TRUST THE BIBLE AND ITS RECORD OF CHRIST?


REGINA MILANO has been meditating and studying the non-dual teachings of Gururaj Ananda Yogi since 2007, and she has been practicing Self I-Dentity through Ho’oponopono® (SITH®) since taking her first class in 2011. Regina teaches meditation and spiritual practices through classes sponsored by the American Meditation Society (AMS): http://americanmeditationsociety.org, and she teaches SITH® classes in the U.S. and Europe through IZI LLC http://www.self-i-dentity-through-hooponopono.com.
Regina is also a mom and a Board member of the American Meditation Society. Meditation and spiritual practices are a way of life for Regina, and have guided her through many challenging life experiences with equanimity. With her understanding that Love and Fear have the same source, Fear is dropped and Love is all that remains. Sarayam: Peace Begins With Me shares both her growing understanding that meditation can be a moment by moment experience, and the skills to embrace that experience more fully.
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Dear California Library Community:
I am happy and excited to announce the theme of our next California Library Association conference: Renaissance: The Library Renewal.
The last few months have been interesting ones. I cannot remember a time when a large number of libraries, let alone almost all libraries, in the state had to shut down at one time. We have all been through various disasters – fires, floods. earthquakes, even drastic funding cuts – where our primary goal was to get materials and services back to our users. But our response to the COVID-19 crisis, and all that has followed, has been different from anything we have ever done before.
Our 2020 Conference, the theme of which reflected two of what should have been the biggest events of the year -- the census and the presidential election – could not be held this year. After much thought, the 2021 Conference was moved ahead from the usual Fall dates, to May 6-8. This conference will honor how we are having to reevaluate and reinvent ourselves – libraries, library staff, library vendors, library support groups, and library users. Our Conference Chairs will be Dolly Goyal, of San Mateo County Libraries, and Nicole Pasini, of Glendale Library, Arts & Culture.
This is a conference of hope and fun, because who doesn’t need hope and fun at a time like this? Please stay tuned for our calls for proposals, award nominations, volunteers, etc.
My deepest gratitude to our CLA President Hillary Theyer and her 2020 Conference team for all the hard work they put into planning and for all the support they have given the 2021 team.
As always, CLA is here to serve and represent all of you, and I hope you will be able to participate in the conference as presenters, attendees, supporters, or simply as beneficiaries.
CLA Vice President/President Elect 2021


The last post outlined the various myths and legends of the medieval period of the phantom islands in the Atlantic ocean. This stemmed from the research that I am currently undertaking in preparation for my book about the empire-building of the Tudor state: The Tudor Empire. This research has enabled to delve further into the exploits of John Cabot, the noted explorer of the 1490s during the reign of Henry VII.
The Italian John Cabot arrived in England at some point in the mid-1490s with the hope of finding royal endorsement for a speculative transatlantic voyage; the intention was to find a direct route to reach Asian markets. Such a move had the potential to bring prosperity due to cutting out the “middle-men” in reaching these far-flung empires, thereby boosting trade. In 1492, Christopher Columbus set off from Spain with the same intention, before discovering various islands in what would become known as the American continents. This land, then, meant that a direct route was impossible, but of course Cabot and Henry VII were not to know that in the 1490s.
The first attempted voyage in 1496 was aborted, leading to greater planning and preparation for the more successful expedition in 1497 when Cabot and his crew made landfall in Newfoundland. The voyage proved that land was reachable, however, navigation of the Northwest Passage was not achieved. After being showered with praise on his return to England, Cabot then set off again in 1498 hoping to reach Asia.
However, that is the last mention of Cabot in records. Then, over the course of the following centuries John Cabot became hidden from history, perhaps due to a lack of clear evidence of his feats in the 1490s, and also due to his efforts becoming attached to the career of his son Sebastian Cabot. By the end of the Victorian period John Cabot had been successfully rescued from obscurity, however, his fate remained unknown. As late as the early twenty-first century it was assumed that his 1498 voyage made a grave, ghastly end.
This is the view taken in the recently published textbooks that my A-level students use for information. Turvey and Rogers (in Henry VII, printed 2009) noted that ‘Cabot himself never returned from this expedition but died on the way home’. The AQA endorsed Tudors A-level textbook published in 2015 – written by Tillbrook – states that Cabot died in 1498. However, the recent excellent research from Jones and Condon at The Cabot Project has provided an argument to state that this is not the case.
Jones and Condon suggest that Cabot may have returned to England by 1500, thereby avoiding death in 1498. Furthermore, they also discuss the claims made by Alwyn Ruddock several decades ago; Ruddock believed that Cabot sailed along the North American coast, perhaps as far south as Florida. Unfortunately, Ruddock never put these claims into print, and her research papers were destroyed after her death. However, the recent discoveries from Jones and Condon (which have led to an understanding of the subsequent voyages during the reign of Henry VII, particularly those of William Weston) have proved that there is still a great deal that is unknown of England’s participation during the Age of Discovery. As such, it is time that the history textbooks were re-written to include this recent historical debate.
I’ve noted in the past how these A-level textbooks contain mistakes. This is probably due to them being put together in a rushed fashion, as shown with the many typos and errors. Sometimes the mistakes are academically ignorant: such as rewriting history by confusing the order of events (I’ve previously written about this with the confusion of a previous A-level History textbook which completely muddled the 1497 Cornish rebellions…. an issue that still continues to confuse some History teachers!). However, in this instance it is a case of history becoming news: old events have been returned to with fresh evidence and new interpretations, thereby leading to a reappraisal. (Having written that, I’m not entirely confident that the new textbooks when published for the next inevitable specification change will actually note this recent research.)
John Cabot’s disappearance, then, remains a mystery; but it is a mystery that provides new questions, rather than assumptions of his potential death in 1498. I’ve enjoyed reading further into this period and the various exploration attempts; these men seem, in part, to have been both brave and insane in terms of attempting such feats. Therefore, it is comforting to see the work of Jones and Condon shine a greater light on this corner of history.


So Say We All: The Complete, Uncensored, Unauthorized Oral History of Battlestar Galactica by Edward Gross, Mark A. Altman From Mark A. Altman and Edward Gross, the bestselling authors of the definitive two-volume Star Trek oral history, The Fifty-Year Mission, comes the complete, uncensored, unauthorized oral history of Battlestar Galactica in So Say We All. Four decades after its groundbreaking debut, Battlestar Galactica—both the 1978 original and its 2004 reimagining have captured the hearts of two generations of fans. What began as a three-hour made for TV movie inspired by the blockbuster success of Star Wars followed by a single season of legendary episodes, was transformed into one of the most critically acclaimed and beloved series in television history. And gathered exclusively in this volume are the incredible untold stories of both shows—as well as the much-maligned Galactica 1980. For the first time ever, you will learn the unbelievable true story of forty years of Battlestar Galactica as told by the teams that created a television legend in the words of over a hundred cast, creators, crew, critics and executives who were there and brought it all to life. So Say We All!
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The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo by Stieg Larsson
My rating: 5 of 5 stars
Mikael Blomkvist, a disgraced financial journalist, and computer hacker Lisbeth Salander investigate the disappearance of Harriet Vanger 40 years ago.
An absolutely fantastic literary achievement, the first book in the Millennium series was unputdownable. It started out a bit daunting, with various names and characters thrown at you, but after you get through that bit you really can’t stop reading. I went straight on to the next books and thoroughly enjoyed them all.


Over this past summer, at some point, I read my first Cormac McCarthy novel, Blood Meridian, which is a wild sort of Western novel starring a Kid and a Judge and their harrowing deeds. I didn’t review the book here largely because I didn’t know what to make of it. At times, the book seemed meandering and lost, which some critics seem to dismiss as a non-problem, but I, however, like a tight, aggressive narrative, which Blood Meridian, at times, failed to provide. However, the book did possess some spectacular prose and one of the most interesting characters I had ever read. When the book was good, it was fantastic.
I assumed I’d re-read Blood Meridianat some point to try to grasp it better, but I didn’t give Cormac McCarthy much thought otherwise, until I saw the trailer for the Coen brothers’ film, No Country for Old Men, which is, in fact, based off a McCarthy novel by the same name. The trailer is fantastic, and this coupled with the high points of Blood Meridian led to an Amazon package on my front doorstep two days later.
No Country for Old Menis the story of Llewelyn Moss, a sniper in the Vietnam War, who comes across the aftermath of a drug deal gone sour in the Texas border area. While investigating the scene–two trucks, a few dead bodies–Moss finds a sack full of money. Over two million dollars. Soon enough, a cold and vicious man named Anton Chigurh is chasing him, with intentions to reclaim the money and kill Moss. In the wake of their destruction is Sherriff Bell, an aged, small-town lawman, who is always two steps behind Moss and Chigurh, but provides a moral relief for the story.
Unlike Blood Meridian and, from what I understand, most of McCarthy’s other works, the language of No Country for Old Men is of a simple, stripped down nature. Few words are spent on scenery. Nearly every word furthers the plot, every paragraph a step in the book’s relentless action. Deep breaths are only occasionally taken with Bell’s occasional diary-like entries, talking about life, and love, and the law.
For a book with so much action, the climax is strangely indirect, off-stage, as it occurs, and is then re-told from one minor character to Bell, after the events. To repeat, the action has occurred, and we roughly understand the nature of the climax, but we only get its details after we know its results.
It would seem that the novels main protagonists are Bell and Chigurh, although Llewelyn Moss seems like the obvious main character at first glance. But Moss is surprisingly static, by the end, whereas Chigurh and Bell seem to find extra depth. I honestly don’t know what to make of it. From page 1 through just before the climax, the book reads as a thriller, and a good one. From the so-called climax onward, the book is not thrilling, but instead contemplative and reflective. Such a tonal shift is hard to grasp, even as both tones ring strong and loud.
No Country for Old Men
Paperback: 320 pages


How to Download Amar Chitra Katha Mahabharata Pdf for Free
Amar Chitra Katha is a popular comic book series that retells the stories of Indian mythology, history and culture. One of its most famous works is the Mahabharata, an epic tale of war, duty and destiny. The Mahabharata is divided into three volumes, each containing several parts and chapters.
If you are looking for a way to download Amar Chitra Katha Mahabharata Pdf for free, you are in luck. There are several online sources that offer this comic book series in PDF format for free. Here are some of them:
Amar Chitra Katha Collection: This is a collection of 38 Amar Chitra Katha books, including the Mahabharata. You can either download them in a compressed zip file or download separate PDFs. Do not convert them to any other format as the file contains the originals with images and could get damaged[^1^].
Mahabharata: This is a special edition of the Mahabharata in three volumes. You can download each volume separately or view them online[^2^].
Amar Chitra Katha Books: This is another collection of Amar Chitra Katha books, including some parts of the Mahabharata. You can download them individually or view them online[^3^].
These are some of the best sources to download Amar Chitra Katha Mahabharata Pdf for free. However, please note that these are not official sources and may not have the latest or complete versions of the comic book series. If you want to support the original creators and publishers of Amar Chitra Katha, you can buy their books from their official website or other online platforms.
Amar Chitra Katha Mahabharata Pdf is a great way to enjoy one of the greatest stories ever told in a colorful and engaging format. Download it today and immerse yourself in the world of ancient India.
Amar Chitra Katha is not just a comic book series, but a cultural phenomenon that has shaped the minds of generations of Indians. Founded by Anant Pai in 1967, Amar Chitra Katha aims to revive the interest and awareness of Indian heritage and values among children and adults alike. Amar Chitra Katha has published over 400 titles on various topics, such as mythology, history, folklore, biography, literature and culture.
The Mahabharata is one of the most popular and acclaimed titles of Amar Chitra Katha. It is a faithful adaptation of the original Sanskrit epic, written by Sage Vyasa. The Mahabharata is not only a thrilling story of war and politics, but also a profound exploration of human nature, morality and spirituality. It contains many sub-stories and characters that enrich the main narrative and offer valuable lessons for life.
The Mahabharata is also a source of inspiration for many other forms of art and media, such as paintings, sculptures, films, television shows, plays and novels. It has been translated into many languages and adapted into different cultures and contexts. The Mahabharata is a timeless masterpiece that transcends boundaries and resonates with people across the world. 0efd9a6b88


The story behind one of the most beloved children’s books, reveals a broken family and a childhood filled with sadness.
image via pinterest
A. A. Milne is a name well known by anyone who’s encountered the world’s most beloved bear—Winnie the Pooh. These whimsical and enchanting stories provided endless happiness and optimism in the wake of the first world war.
In Goodbye Christopher Robin, we learn how the author’s relationship with his son, which provided a means to heal from the mental scars of battle, inspired the characters of Pooh and Tigger and Piglet.
Their much beloved adventures with their human friend, Christopher Robin, became a common source of special memories between parents and children across the world, but sadly, the real Christopher Robin wasn’t enjoying the same.
With his father deeply troubled by post-war trauma, following a brief time together when the characters were created, the true Christopher Robin loses his parents to the success of the books. As the source of inspiration, the young boy also finds himself thrust reluctantly into the public eye—having become a celebrity in his own right.
It seems a cruel irony that a boy now famous for a wondrous childhood story had a rather miserable one. And much of the film centres on how this plays out.
Goodbye Christopher Robin tells the story behind the much-beloved children’s stories. It’s a heart-warming film, but for this reviewer (whose heart is perhaps a little cooler) the film was a bit overdone. As much as I loved Margot Robbie’s rather fabulous depiction of Mrs Milne, the father/son relationship and the supposed horrors endured by the son left me feeling that he was just a little spoiled and a little precious.
Harsh words to be sure, but the great encumbrance on this wealthy young boy was that he was seemingly more loved by his warm-hearted nanny, and along with the spoils of special treatment at the zoo, he had to endure a little paparazzi attention and autograph requests.
Some of how the film treats the horrors of war and the mental scars it leaves worked well, but in contrast Christopher Robin’s (or Billy Moon, as he is tiringly called) troubles seem quite standard for his era, and not at all worth nearly two hours of exposition.
Am I being too harsh? Perhaps. I’m sure many people will find this a bittersweet drama a lovely way to explore the origins of Winnie the Pooh. Why not check it out for yourself, and let us know if you agree.
Director: Simon Curtis
Stars: Domhnall Gleeson, Margot Robbie, Kelly Macdonald
Runtime: 1hr 47 mins
Release Date: November 23
Reviewer Rating: 3/5


Creative Stitching Book by Sue Spargo Second Edition. Creative Stitching is based on my years of experience teaching thousands of students of all skill levels. It is designed to help you quickly and easily learn dozens of stitches that can be immediately applied to any project.
This newly revised edition includes:-
*Over 20 new stitches
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*New highly detailed illustrations & photographs
*Updated section- Needles & Threads
*Spiral bound for convenience
*Perfect size for quick reference anywhere