106. Yudhishthira's Final Trial
To Hastinapura came the sad tidings of the death of Vasudeva and the destruction of the Yadavas. When the Pandavas received the news, they lost all remaining attachment to life on earth.
They crowned Parikshit, son ofAbhimanyu, as emperor and the five brothers left the city with Draupadi. They went out on a pilgrimage, visiting holy places and finally reached the Himalayas.
A dog joined them somewhere and kept them company all along. And the seven of them climbed the mountain on their last pilgrimage. As they toiled up the mountain path one by one fell exhausted and died.
The youngest succumbed first. Draupadi, Sahadeva and Nakula were released from the burden of the flesh one after another. Then followed Arjuna and then great Bhima too.
Yudhishthira saw his dear ones fall and die. Yet, serenely he went on not giving way to grief, for the light of Truth burned bright before him. Yudhishthira knew what was shadow and what was substance.
The dog still followed Yudhishthira. The lesson enforced by the poet in this episode of the dog is that dharma is the only constant companion in life's journey.
It was dharma who, in the shape of the dog, followed Yudhishthira up the wearisome mountain path, when his brothers and wife had gone leaving him alone.
Finally, when he reached a great height, Indra appeared in his chariot.
"Your brothers and Draupadi have arrived before you. You have lagged behind, burdened with your body. Ascend my chariot and go with me in the flesh. I have come to take you," said Indra. But when Yudhishthira went up to take his seat in Indra's chariot, the dog also climbed up.
"No, no," said Indra. "There is no place for dogs in swarga," and pushed the dog away.
"Then there is no room for me either," said Yudhishthira, and refused to enter the heavenly chariot if he had to leave his faithful companion behind.
Dharma had come to test Yudhishthira's loyalty and he was pleased with his son's conduct. The dog vanished from sight. Yudhishthira reached swarga. There, he saw Duryodhana.
The Kuru prince was seated on a beautiful throne and he shone with the splendor of the sun and around him stood in attendance the goddess of heroism and other angels. He did not see his brothers or anyone else. Yudhishthira was astonished.
"Where are my brothers, ye denizens of swarga?" asked Yudhishthira. "This man of greed, of limited vision, is here. I do not care to spend my time in his company. We were driven by this man's envy and spite to kill friends and relatives. We stood tied by dharma to inaction when, before our eyes, innocent Panchali, united to us in sacred wedlock, was dragged to the Hall of the Assembly and insulted under the orders of this wicked man. I cannot bear the sight of this man. Tell me, where are my brothers? I wish to go where they are." Saying this Yudhishthira averted his eyes from where Duryodhana was seated in glory.
Then Narada, the heavenly rishi of encyclopedic knowledge, smiled disapprovingly at Yudhishthira and said: "Renowned prince, this is not right. In swarga, we harbor no ill will. Do not speak in this manner about Duryodhana. The brave Duryodhana has attained his present state by force of kshatriya dharma. It is not right to let the things of the flesh stay in the mind and breed ill will. Do follow the law and stay here with king Duryodhana. There is no place in swarga for hatred. You have arrived here with your human body; so it is that you have these inappropriate feelings. Discard them, son!"
"O sage, Duryodhana, who did not know right from wrong, who was a sinner, who caused suffering to good men, who fed enmity and anger and who brought death to countless men, has attained this swarga of warriors. Where is that region of greater glory, which must be the abode of my brave and good brothers and Draupadi? I am eager to see them and Karna, and also all the friends and princes who gave up their lives in battle for me. I do not see them here. I desire to meet again Virata, Drupada, Dhrishtaketu and Sikhandin, the Panchala prince. I long to see the dear sons of Draupadi and Abhimanyu. I do not see them here. Where are they, who threw their bodies into the blazing fire of battle for my sake, like ghee in the sacrifice? I do not see any of them here. Where are they all? My place must be among them. At the close of the battle, my mother Kunti wanted me to offer libations for Karna also. When I think of it, even now, grief overwhelms me. In ignorance of his being my own blood brother, I caused Karna to be slain. I am eager to see him. Bhima, dearer to me than life, Arjuna, who was like Indra him self, the twins Nakula and Sahadeva and our dear Panchali, steadfast in dharma, I long to see and be with them all. I do not wish to be in heaven, for what good is it for me to be here, away from my brothers? Wherever they may be, that me is swarga; not this place!"
The angels, who heard this, replied:
"O Yudhishthira, if you indeed desire to be with them, by all means, you may go at once. There is no need to delay," and they ordered an attendant to take Yudhishthira.
So, the messenger proceeded in front and Yudhishthira followed him. As they went along, it soon became dark and in the gathering gloom could be dimly seen things weird and revolting.
He waded through slippery slime of blood and offal. The path was strewn with carrion and bones and dead men's hair. Worms were wriggling everywhere and there was an insufferable stench in the air. He saw mutilated human bodies everywhere.
Yudhishthira was horrified and confused. A thousand thoughts tortured his mind as he proceeded.
"How far have we to go yet on this road? Where indeed are my brothers? Tell me, my friend," he enquired of the messenger in deep anguish.
The messenger quietly replied: "If you so desire, we may turn back." The foul odors of the place were so sickening that for a moment Yudhishthira was minded to go back.
But just then, as if divining his intention, vaguely familiar voices rose all around in loud lamentation. "O Dharmaputra, do not go back! Stay here for a few minutes at least. Your presence has given us momentary relief from torture. As you came, you have brought with you a whiff of air so sweet and pure that we have found a little relief in our agony. Son of Kunti, the very sight of you gives us comfort and mitigates our suffering. O stay, be it for ever so short a time. Do not go back. While you are here, we enjoy a respite in our torture." Thus the voices pleaded.
Hearing the loud lamentations that thus came from all around him, Yudhishthira stood in painful bewilderment. Overwhelmed with pity at the poignant anguish in faintly remembered voices, he exclaimed:
"Alas wretched souls! Who are ye that lament like this? Why are you here?"
"Lord, I am Karna," said a voice.
"I am Bhima," said another.
"I am Arjuna," cried a third voice.
"Draupadi," cried another voice in piteous tone.
"I am Nakula," "I am Sahadeva," "We are Draupadi's sons," and so on, came mournful voices from all around, till the accumulated pain was more that Yudhishthira could bear.
"What sin indeed have these been guilty of?" cried he. "Dhritarashtra's son Duryodhana, what good deeds did he do to sit like Mahendra in heaven, while these are in hell? Am I dreaming or am I awake? Is my mind deranged? Have I gone crazy?"
Overwhelmed by anger, Yudhishthira cursed the gods and denounced dharma. He turned to the angel attendant and said sharply: "Go back to your masters. I shall stay here where my dear brothers, for no other sin than devotion to me, are consigned to the tortures of hell. Let me be with them."
The messenger went back and conveyed to Indra what Yudhishthira had said.
Thus passed the thirteenth part of a day. Then Indra and Yama appeared before Yudhishthira where he stood in anguish. When they came, the darkness rolled away and the horrid sights disappeared. The sinners and their suffering were no more to be seen. A fragrant breeze blew as Yama, the god of dharma, smiled on his son Yudhishthira.
"Wisest of men, this is the third time I have tested you. You chose to remain in hell for the sake of your brothers. It is inevitable that kings and rulers must go through hell if only for a while. So it was that for the thirtieth part of a day you too were doomed to suffer the pangs of hell. Neither the illustrious Savyasachi (Arjuna) nor your beloved brother Bhima is really in hell. Nor Karna the just, nor anyone else who you thought had been consigned to suffering. It was an illusion designed to test you. This is not hell, but swarga. Do you not see there Narada whose travels cover the three worlds? Cease grieving."
Thus said Yama to Dharmaputra, who, thereupon, was transfigured. The mortal frame was gone and he was a god. With the disappearance of the human body, also disappeared all trace of anger and hatred.
Then Yudhishthira saw their Karna and all his brothers and the sons of Dhritarashtra also, serene and free from anger, all having attained the state of the gods. In this reunion, Yudhishthira at last found peace and real happiness.
Abhimanyu : Son of Arjuna and Subhadra who was married to Uttara, daughter of King Virata.
Acharya : Teacher or Guru.
Achuta : A synonym of Sri Krishna.
Adhiratha : Karna's foster-father.
Agastya : A great sage whose life-story the Pandavas learnt while on pilgrimage to holy places is wife Lopamudra was equally a great sage in her own right.
Agnihotra : A sacrifice to God Agni.
Airavata : Indra's elephant.
Ajatasatru : Having no enemy, friend of all born things, an epithet of Yudhishthira.
Akshayapatra : A wonderful vessel given to Yudhishthira by the Sun god which held a never-failing supply of food.
Alambasa : A Rakshasa friend of Duryodhana who had joined his forces but Satyaki compelled him to flee from the battlefield.
Amrit : Ambrosia, the food of the gods, which makes the partaker immortal.
Anga : Mlechchha kings, a Kaurava supporter.
Arani : An upper and a lower piece of wood used for producing fire by attrition.
Artha (Wealth) : one of the objects of human life, the others being Dharma, (righteous- ness), Kama (satisfaction of desires), Moksha (spiritual salvation).
Arundhati : Wife of sage Vasishtha.
Ashtavakra : A towering scholar while still in his teens.
Asita : A sage who held that gambling was ruinous and should be avoided by all wise people.
Asmaka : A Kaurava warrior who attacked Abhimanyu.
Astra : A missile charged with power by a holy incantation.
Aswamedha Yajna : A horse sacrifice.
Aswathama : Son of Dronacharya and last supreme commander of the Kaurava force.
Bahlika, Dasharna, : States the kings of which were Kalinga, Magadha, friendly to the Pandavas, Matsya, Panchala, Salva
Baladev : Balarama, elder brother of Sri Krishna.
Balarama : Elder brother of Sri Krishna.
Balarama : An avatar or incarnation of Adisesha the thousand-hooded serpent on which Lord Mahavishnu reclines in Vaikuntha.
Bakasura : A voracious, cruel and terribly strong Rakshasa or demon who lived in a cave near the city of Ekachakrapura whom Bhima killed to the great relief of the citizens.
Bhagadatta : King of Pragjyotisha, a Kaurava ally.
Bhagawan : Form of address to Gods and great rishis, example- Bhagawan Sri Krishna, Narada, Vyasa.
Bharata : Son of Kaikeyi and King Dashratha, stepbrother of Rama, who was exceptionally devoted to and loved Rama.
Bharadwaja : A rishi, father of Yavakrida.
Brahma : Creator of the universe.
Brahmastra : A divine weapon, irresistible, one given by Lord Brahma himself.
Brahmacharin : A religious student, unmarried, who lives with his spiritual guide, devoted to study and service.
Brahmacharya : Celibacy, chastity; the stage of life of Vedic study in which chastity and service are essential.
Brihadaswa : A great sage who visited the Pandavas in their forest hermitage and reminded them of King Nala of Nishadha who also lost his kingdom in the game of dice and who deserted his wife Damayanti because of a curse but ultimately regained both,
Brihadratha : Commander of three regiments reigned over Magadha and attained celebrity as a great hero, married the twin daughters of the Raja of Kasi. His two wives ate each half of a mango given by sage Kausika and begot half a child each. A Rakshasi recovered the two portions from a dustbin wherein they were thrown and when they accidentally came together, they became a chubby baby, which she presented to the king, saying it was his child, which later became known as Jarasandha.
Brihadyumna : A King, a disciple of sage Raibhya.
Brihannola : Name assumed by Arjuna while living at Virata's court in incognito.
Brihatbala : A daring warrior who charged at Abhimanyu caught in the Kaurava army's net.
Bhima : The second Pandava brother who excelled in physical prowess as he was born of the wind-god.
Bhishmaka : King of Vidarbha, father of Rukmini and Rukma.
Bhishma : The old grandsire to whose care were committed the five Pandavas by the rishis when the eldest Yudhishthira attained the age of sixteen for their proper upbringing including mastery of the Vedas, Vedanta and various arts especially those pertaining to the Kshatriyas. Later he intervened but without success to bring about peace and understanding between the Kauravas and the Pandavas who ruled separately from Hastinapura and Indraprastha respectively. He was the eighth child of King Santanu and Ganga. Appointed supreme commander of the Kaurava armies.
Bhojas : A branch of the Yadava clan belonging to Krishna's tribe.
Bhuminjaya : Another name of prince Uttara son of Virata who had proceeded to fight the Kaurava armies, with Brihannala as his charioteer.
Burisrwas : One of the powerful kings on the side of the Kauravas.
Bibhatsu : One of Arjuna's name meaning a hater of unworthy acts.
Chala : A Kaurava warrior.
Chandala : A person of a degraded caste, whose conduct was much below standard and whose cause pollution.
Charachitra : A son of King Dhritarashtra who perished in the war
Chavadi : Place of public assembly of the village. It is the property of the entire community. In it all public business is transacted, and it serves also as the village club the headquarters of the village police and guest house for travellers.
Chekitana : Head of one division of the Pandava army.
Chitra : A son of Dhritarashtra killed in the war.
Chitraksha : One of the many sons of King Dhritarashtra who fell in the war
Chitrasena : King of the Gandharvas who prevented the Kauravas from putting up their camp near the pond where he himself had encamped.
Chitrayudha : A Kaurava prince who laid down his life in the war.
Chitravarma : A brother of Duryodhana who was killed in the war
Chitrangada : Elder son of Santanu born of Matsyagandhi (Satyavati) who succeeded his father on the throne of Hastinapura.
Chitrasena : A Kaurava warrior.
Daruka : Sri Krishna's charioteer.
Dasaratha : King of Ayodhya and Rama's father.
Darshana : A country whose king attacked Bhagadatta's elephant in an effort to save Bhima.
Devadatta : Name of Arjuna's conch.
Devaki : Mother of Sri Krishna.
Devata : A sage who condemned the game of dice as an evil form of gambling and declared it unfit as entertainment for good people, as it usually offered scope for deceit and dishonesty.
Devavrata : The eighth child of Santanu and Ganga who in time mastered the art yielding arms and learned the Vedas and Vedanta as also the sciences known to Sukra was crowned Yuvaraja (heir apparent), but later vowed to celibacy and was known as Bhishma.
Devayani : The beautiful daughter of Sukracharaya, preceptor of the demons, who fell in love with Kacha, son of Brihaspati, preceptor of the Devas.
Devendra : King of the Gods.
Dharma : Righteous course of conduct.
Dharmagranthi : Assumed named of Nakula at Virata's court.
Dharmananda :The delighted of Dharma, a name of Yudhishthira, the son of Dharma or Yama.
Dharmavyadha : He possessed the secret of good life and lived in the city of Mithila. He was a meat-seller.
Dhananjaya : One of the names of Arjuna.
Dhanusaksha : A great sage whom Medhavi, son of sage Baladhi, once insulted. He took the form of a bull and butted at that mountain and broke it to pieces. Then Medhavi fell down dead.
Dhaumya : Preceptor of the Pandavas, who accompanied them during their exile to the Kurijangala forest, singing Sama hymns addressed to Yama, Lord of Death.
Dhrishtadyumna : Supreme commander of the Pandava forces eldest brother of Draupadi.
Dhrishtaketu : A kinsman of the Pandavas.
Dhritarashtra : Elder son of Vichitravirya and Ambika, born blind, father of Duryodhana.
Dharmaputra : The son of Yama, epithet of Yudhishthira.
Dhartarashtras : Sons of Dhritarashtra
Draupadi : Daughter of King Drupada, King of Panchala, who married all the five Pandavas though Arjuna had won her in the Swayamvara, because of the vow that they would share everything in common.
Drona : Son of a Brahmana named Bharadwaja; married a sister of Kripa and a son Aswathama was born to them; learnt military art from Parasurama, the maser. Later he became the instructor to of the Kaurava and Pandava princes in the use of arms.
Drupada : King of Panchala, father of Draupadi who became the wife of the Pandavas
Duhsasana : Duryodhana's brother who dragged Draupadi to the hall of assembly pulling her by her hair.
Durdhara : A son of Dhritarashtra killed by Bhima in the war.
Durjaya : A brother of Duryodhana who was sent to attack Bhima, to save Karna's life but lost his own.
Durmarsha : A son of Dhritarashtra killed by Bhima.
Durmata : A son of Dhritarashtra who got killed by Bhima.
Durmukha : A chariot-borne warrior on the Kaurava side.
Durvasa : A sage known for his anger who visited the Kauravas.
Durvishaha : A warrior fighting on the Kaurava side.
Dushkarma : A warrior belonging to the Kaurava side.
Dussaha : A son of Dhritarashtra killed by Bhima.
Dwaitayana : A forest where the Kaurava, cows were being bred and housed.
Ganapati : Amanuensis of Vvasa who agreed to write down without pause or hesitation the story of the Mahabharata dictated by Vyasa.
Gandhari : Dhritarashtra's wife and queen mother of the Kauravas.
Gandharvas : A class of celestial beings regarded as specialists in music.
Gandiva : Arjuna's most potent bow.
Gangadwara : A place where sage Agastya and his wife performed penance.
Ghalotkacha : Son of Bhima from demoness Hidimba.
Govinda : One of the epithets of Sri Krishna and Vishnu; it means a cow-keeper and refers to Krishna's occupation in Gokula, the colony of cowherds.
Guru : Revered preceptor, teacher.
Hamsa, Hidimbaka, Kamsa. : Allies of King Jarasandha; the last married the two daughters of Jarasandha. Also Krishna's step-uncle whom Krishna killed.
Halayudha : Plough-weaponed, an epithet of Balarama who wielded a plough as his weapon.
Hanuman : Wise and learned monkey devotee of Sri Rama, who possessed extraordinary powers of discrimination and wisdom and who searched and found Sita in her confinement in Lanka.
Hastinapura : Capital city of the Kauravas.
Hrishikesha : Krishna.
Ilvala : This demon and his brother Vatapi hated brahmanas implacably. Ilvala would invite a brahman to a feast at which he would serve the meat of the goat into which his brother had turned he. After the brahmin had partaken of the feast he would call his brother out who would rend his way back to life, tearing the belly of the guest.
Indra : King of the Gods.
Indrajit : Son of Ravana, King of Lanka, who conquered Indra, the Lord of Gods and who was killed by Rama's brother Lakshmana.
Indrasena : A kinsman of the Pandavas.
Indrakila : A mountain Arjuna passed on his way to the Himalayas to practise austerities to acquire powerful new weapons from Lord Mahadeva.
Iravan : Arjuna's son by a Naga wife who fell in the battle on the eighth day.
Janaka : King of Mithila, a great Rajarishi; father of Sita, wife of Sri Rama.
Janamejaya : A king who conducted a great sacrifice for the well being of the human race.
Janardana : A name of Krishna
Jarasandha : Mighty king of Magadha of whose prowess all Kshatriyas were afraid. Killed by Bhima in a thirteen-day non-stop physical combat: with Sri Krishna and Arjuna as witnesses.
Jarita, Laputa : Female companions of a saranga bird, who was a rishi named Mandapala in his previous birth when he was refused admission to heaven be cause he was childless.
Jalasura : A demon killed by Bhima.
Jaya : A son of King Dhritarashtra who was killed by Bhima in the war
Jayadratha : A warrior on the side of Kauravas who closed the breach effected by Abhimanyu in the Chakravyuha military formation by Dronacharya and trapped him inside.
Jayatsena : A kinsman of the Pandavas.
Jayatsena : A warrior fighting on the side of Kauravas.
Jnana : Knowledge of the eternal and real
Kacha : Grandson of sage Angiras and son of Brihaspati, who went to seek knowledge under Sukracharya as a brahmacharin. Devayani, the preceptor's lovely daughter, fell in love with him. The Asuras (demons) suspecting him of wanting to steal the secret of reviving the dead, killed him a number of times. But due to Devayani's love for him, her father brought him back to life every time he was killed. Ultimately the secret was learnt by the devas who then succeeded in defeating the asuras.
Kagola : A disciple of the great sage and teacher of Vedanta, Uddalaka.
Kambojas : Enemies of the Kauravas whom Karna had defeated
Kamsa : Maternal Uncle of Sri Krishna and son of Ugrasena, also son-in-law of Jarasandha, whom Sri Krishna killed.
Kanika : Minister of Sakuni.
Kanka : Assumed name of Yudhishthira at Virata's court.
Kausikam : A sage who learnt from Dharmavyadha the secret of Dharma, of performing one's duty.
Karna : A matchless warrior, son of the Sun god and Kunti. Disciple of Parasurama. Also son of Radha, his foster-mother, and was known as Radheya.
Kartavirya : A great warrior who defeated Ravana, King of Lanka.
Kartikeya : Commander of the armies of the devas.
Kekaya : A brave warrior on the Pandava side into whose chariot Bhima got during the fighting on the sixth day.
Kesava : One of the names of Sri Krishna.
Ketama : Another chief whose head was cut off by Drona.
Khandavaprastha : The ancient capital from where the ancestors of Pandavas, Nahusha and Yayati ruled. The Pandavas rebuilt the ruined city and erected palaces and forts and renamed it Indraprastha.
Kichaka : Sudeshna's brother, commander-in-chief of Virata's army, who made advances to Sairandhri (Draupadi). He was invited to meet her at night at the ladies dancing hall and was met instead by Valala (Bhima) dressed up as a female who killed him (Kichaka).
Kripacharya : Aswathama's uncle who advocated a combined assault on Arjuna in battle as against Karna's boast that he could take him on single-handed.
Krishna-Dwaipayana : Sage Vyasa.
Krauncha : Curlew-heron.
Krauncha-Vyuha : military formation on a pattern supposed to resemble a heron with outstretched beak and spreading wings. In ancient Indian practice, armies were arrayed for battle in formations of definite patterns, each of which had a name such as Chakra, or Kurma or Krauncha, or Makara according to a real or fancied resemblance.
Kritavarma : A notable Yadava warrior fighting on the side of Kaurava forces.
Kshatradharma : A great warrior on the side of Pandavas.
Kuchasthala : A city where Krishna stayed the night on his way to the court of Dhritarashtra.
Kumbhakarna : Brother of Ravana, King of Lanka, who was asleep most of the time because of the curse of Brahma.
Kundinapura : Capital of Vidarbha.
Kunti : She was the daughter of Sura and was known as Pritha. She was given in adoption to the king's childless cousin Kuntibhoja and was named Kunti after her adoptive father. Sage Durvasa, whom she had served while he was a guest at her father's house, gave her a divine mantra which when repeated would give her a son from any god whom she would call upon. Out of childish curiosity, she invoked the Sun god by repeating the Mantra and then she gave birth to a son born with divine armor and earrings. Ashamed, she placed the child in a sealed box and set it afloat on a river. The box was picked up by a childless charioteer and brought up as his own and became known as Karna. Later, Kunti chose Pandu as her husband at a Swayamvara.
Kunti-Madri : Queens of King Pandu who gave birth to three and two sons known as the Pandavas in the forest where he spent many years for having committed some sin. The sons were known as Yudhishthira, Bhima. Arjuna, Nakula, and Sahadeva.
Kurma : Tortoise.
Lakshmana : Younger step-brother of Rama and son of Sumitra and King Dasaratha. Duryodhana's gallant young son also bore this name.
Lomasa : A brahmana sage who advised the Pandavas to reduce their retinue while repairing to the forest. Those unable to bear the hardships of exile were free to go to the court of Dhritarashtra or Drupada, king of Panchala. He accompanied Yudhishthira on his wanderings.
Lopamudra : Daughter of the king of Vidarbha who married the sage Agastya.
Lord Narayana : Refuge of men; Mahavishnu.
Madhava : One of the names of Krishna. It means the Lord of Lakshmi.
Madhusudana : Another name of Krishna, the slayer of the asura Madhu.
Mahavishnu : Lord of the Universe who took human birth in order to wrest his kingdom from Emperor Bali for the salvation of the world. Lord Vishnu also took birth as Rama, son of Dasaratha, to kill Ravana, King of Lanka.
Mahendra : A King who had attained heaven.
Maitreya : A sage who visited the court of Dhritarashtra, expressed sorrow at the Pandava's plight, advised Duryodhana not to injure the Pandavas for his own good.
Mantra : An incantation with words of power.
Manasarovar : A sacred lake in the Himalayas
Mandavya : A sage wrongly punished by the king by being impaled as the chief of robbers who had clandestinely hidden their stolen goods in a corner of his hermitage when he was in deep contemplation. Lord Dharma gave him this punishment for having tortured birds and bees in his childhood. At this Mandavya cursed Dharma who was born as Vidura, the wise, to the servant maid of Ambalika, wife of King Vichitravirya, who offered her to Sage Vyasa in place of Ambalika.
Maricha : A character in the Ramayan, uncle of Ravana who transformed him self into a golden deer at the behest of Ravana to entice Sita.
Markandeya : A sage who told Yudhishthira the story of a brahmana, Kausika.
Marutta : A king of the Ikshwaku dynasty whose sacrifice was performed by Samvarta in defiance of Indra and Brihaspati.
Matali : Charioteer of Indra who took Arjuna to the kingdom of gods.
Medhavi : Son of Sage Baladhi who desired that his son should live as long as a certain mountain lasted.
Meru : An ancient mountain. Becoming jealous of Meru, the Vindya began to grow very high obstructing the sun, the moon and the planets. Agastya whom the Vindhya mountain respected asked it to stop growing until he crossed it on his way to the south and returned to the north again. But he did not return at all, having settled in the south.
Nahusha : A mighty king who was made king of the gods because Indra had disappeared due to his killing Vritra through sin and deceit.
Nakula : Fourth brother of the Pandavas.
Nala : King of Nishadha who lost his kingdom in a game of dice and deserted his wife Damayanti because of a curse.
Nandini : Vasishtha's divinely beautiful cow.
Nara : Arjuna or Dhananjaya.
Narada : The sage who suddenly appeared before Dhritarashtra and Vidura as the latter was describing the departure of the Pandavas to the forest and uttered a prophecy that after fourteen years the Kauravas would be extinct as a result of Duryodhana's crimes and vanished as suddenly.
Narayana : Sri Krishna or Krishna; Vishnu.
Narayanas : Krishna's kinsmen.
Narayanasrama : A charming forest where the Pandavas had halted during their wanderings.
Nishadha : A country where Indra, Lord of the gods had lived once disguised as a brahmana.
Nishada : An aboriginal hunter orfisherman: a man of low or degraded tribe in general; an outcaste.
Panchajanya : Name of Krishna's conch.
Palasa : Butea frondosa, "flame of the forest".
Panchali : Another name of Draupadi Queen of the Pandavas and daughter of King Drupada.
Panchalya : A son of King Drupada who died in the war.
Pandu : Second son of Vichitravirya and Ambalika who succeeded to the throne of Hastinapura on his father's death, as his elder brother Dhritarashtra was born blind, father of the Pandavas.
Parasara : A great sage, father of Veda Vvasa.
Paravasu : Son of Raibhva and elder brother of Arvavasu whose wife was violated by Yavakrida, who was killed with a spear by a fiend for his sin.
Parikshit : Son of Abhimanyu and grandson of the Pandavas who was crowned king after the holocaust claimed the Kauravas and the Pandavas.
Partha : Arjuna.
Parvati : Consort of Siva. Rukmini prayed to her for saving her from the cruel Sisupala king of Chedi, as she had set her heart on marrying Krishna.
Paurava : A Kaurava hero.
Phalguna : Arjuna.
Prabhasa : The Vasu who seized Vasishtha's divine cow.
Pradyumna : Sri Krishna's son.
Pratikhami : Duryodhana's charioteer.
Pritha : Mother of Karna, Kunti before her marriage.
Pundarikaksha : Krishna, the lotus-eyed one.
Purochana : An architect who built a beautiful wax palace named "Sivam" in Varanavata.
Purumitra : A Kaurava warrior
Pitamaha : Literally grandfather, which however carried no imputation of senile infirmity but denotes the status of the pater familias.
Ptirushottama : An epithet of Sri Krishna. It is one of the names of Vishnu and means the Supreme Being.
Raibhya : A sage whose hermitage was situated on the banks of the Ganga. The Pandavas during their wanderings visited it. This ghat was very holy. Bharata, son of Dasaratha bathed here. Indra was cleansed of his sin of killing Vritra unfairly by bathing in this ghat. Sanatkumar became one with God. Aditi, mother of the gods, prayed here to be blessed with a son.
Radheya : Son of Radha, a name of Karna, who as a foundling was brought up as a son by Radha, the wife of the Charioteer Adhiratha.
Rajasuya : A sacrifice performed by a king to be entitled to assume the title of "Emperor".
Ravana : King of Lanka who abducted Sita, the beautiful wife of Ramachandra.
Rishabha : The second note of the Indian gamut (Shadja, rishabha, gandhara, madhyama, panchama, daivata, nishada -sa, ri, ga, ma, pa, dha, ni.)
Rishyasringa : Son of sage Vibhandaka, who had grown up seeing no mortal except his father. The king of Anga, which was afflicted with a dire famine, to bring rain and plenty, invited him.
Romapada : King of Anga which was once visited by a great drought.
Rudra : One of the names of Siva.
Rudra dance : Siva's cosmic dance of destruction.
Rukma : Heir apparent to the throne of Vidarbha. When defeated by Balarama and Krishna he established a new city Bhojakata, ashamed to return to Kundinapura, the capital of Vidarbha, and ruled over it.
Sachidevi : Wife of Indra, king of the gods on whom Nahusha's evil eye fell. She was also known as Indrani.
Sahadeva : Youngest of the Pandava princes who offered the first honors to Krishna at the Rajasuya sacrifices.
Saibya : A ruler friendly to the Pandavas.
Sairandhri : A maid servant or female attendant employed in royal female apartments.
Sakuni : He played dice on behalf of the Kauravas and succeeded in defeating the Pandavas by a stratagem. As a result the latter had to go and live in the forest for thirteen years. According to the conditions of the game, the thirteenth and last year of exile was to be spent incognito. If discovered by anyone they were again to repair to the forests for a like term. He was considered to be the evil genius, who beguiled Duryodhana to take to evil ways.
Salva : Friend of Sisupala, who besieged Dwaraka Sri Krishna's kingdom to avenge Sisupala's death at the latter's hand.
Salya : Ruler of Madradesa and brother of Madri and uncle of the Pandavas who because of having received hospitality from Duryodhana went over to his side.
Samsaptaka : One who has taken a vow to conquer or die, and never to retreat. The Samsaptakas were suicide-squads, vowed to some desperate deed of daring.
Samvarta : Brihaspati's younger brother, a person of great learning.
Samba : A Yadava youngster dressed as a woman who gave birth to a mace, as foretold by rishis.
Sanga : Son of Virata. When king Virata was wounded, he had to get into Sanga's chariot, having lost his chariot, horses and charioteer
Sanjaya : The narrator who tells blind Dhritarashtra the progress of the war from day to day. He told the king that a victim of adverse fate would first become perverted and loses his sense of right and wrong. Time would destroy his reason and drive him to his own destruction.
Sankula Yuddha : A melee, confused fight, a soldiers battle as distinguished from the combats of heroes.
Shanta : Wife of sage Rishyasringa.
Santanu : King of Hastinapura, father of Bhishma.
Sanyasin: One who has renounced the world and its concerns.
Sarasana : One of the Kaurava brothers who died in the war.
Sarmishtha : Princes and daughter of king Vrishaparva who got angry with Devayani and slapped and pushed her into a dry well.
Satanika : Virata's son whose bead was severed by Drona.
Satyajit : A Panchala prince, a hero who stood by Yudhishthira to prevent his being taken prisoner by Drona, while Arjuna was away answering a challenge by the Samsaptakas (the Trigartas).
Satyaki : A Yadava warrior, friend of Krishna and the Pandavas who advocated collecting their forces and defeating the unrighteous Duryodhana.
Satyavati : A fisherman's daughter who possessed uncommon beauty and emanated a divinely sweet fragrance and king Santanu became enamored of her, married her and made her his queen.
Satyavrata : Warrior on the Kaurava side.
Saugandhika : A plant that produced a very beautiful and fragrant flower that Bhima went to get for Draupadi.
Savyasachin : Ambidexter, one who can use both hands with equal facility and effect. A name of Arjuna who could use his bow with the same skill with either hands.
Sikhandin : A girl turned man, warrior on the Pandava side who restored order among scattered, subdued soldiers, Drupada's son.
Simhanada : A lion-note or roar; a deep roar of defiance or triumph which warriors were wont to utter to inspire confidence in their friends, of terror in their enemies.
Saindhava : Jayadratha.
Sini : One of the suitors to Devakiís hand. A kinsman of the Kauravas.
Sisupala : King of Chedi. Died at the hands of Krishna at the time of Dharmaputra's Rajasuya sacrifice.
Somadutta : One of the suitors to Devaki's hand. A kinsman of the Kauravas.
Subahu : King of Kulinda in the Himalayas, ally of the Kauravas.
Subhadra : Wife of Arjuna, sister of Sri Krishna and mother of Abhimanyu.
Sudakshina : A warrior on the Kaurava side.
Sudarsana : A warrior on the Kaurava army.
Sudeshna : Queen of King Virata whom Sairandhri (Draupadi) served.
Sugriva : Monkey-king, friend of Sri Rama, and brother of mighty Vali whom Sri Rama killed.
Sujata : Daughter of Sage Uddalaka and wife of Kagola, his disciple who had virtue and devotion but not much of erudition, mother of Ashtavakra.
Suka : A sage, son of Vyasa, who related the Srimad Bhagavata to King Parikshit, grandson of Arjuna.
Sumitra : Abhimanyu's charioteer.
Supratika : Name of King Bhagadatta's elephant.
Susarma : King of Trigarta, a supporter of the Kauravas who backed the proposal to invade Matsya, Virata's country.
Suvarna : A soldier on the Kaurava side.
Sri Rama : Also knew as Rama, Ramachandra or Sri Rama. Hanumana tells Bhima how he was deeply thrilled when he happened to touch Rama's body. This king of Ayodhya was banished to the forest for fourteen years, killed Ravana the king of Lanka who abducted his wife, Sita.
Srinjayas : Pandava supporters.
Srutayu, Astutayu : Two brothers fighting on the Kaurava side attacked Arjuna but were
Srutayudha : A Kaurava warrior whose mace hurled at Krishna rebounded fiercely, killing Srutayudha himself. Her mother Parnasa had obtained that gift from Varuna who had specified that the mace should not be used against one who does not fight, else it would kill the person who hurls it.
Swarga : The heaven of Indra where mortals after death enjoy the results of their good deeds on earth.
Sveta : A son of King Virata who fell in battle to Bhishma's arrow.
Tantripala : Assumed name of Sahadeva at Virata's court.
Uddalaka : A great sage and teacher of Vedanta.
Umadevi : Wife of Siva.
Unchhavritti : The life of a mendicant, begging his food.
Upachitra : One of King Dhritarashtra's sons who perished in the war.
Upaplavya : A place in Matsya Kingdom, where the Pandavas settled after their exile of thirteen years.
Urvasi : An apsara in Indra's court, whose amorous overtures Arjuna declined.
Vaisampayana : Chief disciple of sage Vyasa who revealed the epic for the benefit humanity.
Vaishnava : A sacrifice performed by Duryodhana in the forest. Yayati, Mandhata, Bharata and others also performed it.
Vaishnava mantra : An invocation which endows a missile with some of the irresistible power of Vishnu.
Vajrayudha : The weapon with which Indra killed Visvarupa on suspicion because his mother belonged to the asura tribe of daityas.
Valala : Assumed name of Bhima when, he worked as a cook at Virata's court.
Vali : Monkey-king, brother of Sugriva.
Vanaprastha : The third stage of the dvija's life, when he is required to relinquish worldly responsibilities to his heirs and retires to the woods with his wife for an anchorite's life.
Vandi : Court poet of Mithila who on being defeated by Sage Ashtavakra in debate drowned himself in the ocean and went to the abode of Varuna.
Varanavata : A forest in which the Pandavas were asked to stay in a wax-house which was to be set on fire at midnight in order to kill the Pandavas while they were asleep.
Vasishtha : A sage who had cursed the eight Vasus to be born in the world of men as sons of Ganga and Santanu. Ganga threw her seven children in to the river with a smiling face.
Vasudhana : Another warrior who perished in the battle on the Twelfth Day.
Vasudeva : An epithet of Krishna. It means both son of Vasudeva and the supreme spirit that pervades the universe.
Vedavyasa : Vyasa, author of the Mahabharata.
Vichitravirya: Younger son of Santanu who succeeded King Chitrangada on the throne of Hastinapura. He had two sons, Dhritarashtra and Pandu.
Vikarna : A son of Dhritarashtra who declared the staking of Draupadi illegal, as Yudhishthira himself was a slave and had lost all his rights. Therefore the Kauravas had not won Draupadi legally, he held
Vinda, Anuvinda : Two brothers kings of Avanti, great soldiers whom were on the Kaurava side, they suffered defeat at the hands of Yudhamanyu
Virata : King of Matsya, the country which was suggested by Bhima to live in incognito during the thirteenth year of their exile.
Visoka : Bhima's charioteer.
Visvarupa : Name of Twashta's son who became the preceptor of the gods, Brihaspati having left when insulted by Indra.
Vivimsati : A Kaurava hero.
Viswarupa : All-pervading, all-including form. See the description in the Bhagavad Gita chapter eleven.
Vriddhakshatra : King of the Sindhus, father of Jayadratha into whose lap his son Jayadratha's head was caused to fall by Arjuna after cutting off Jayadratha's head.
Vrika : A Panchala prince who fell in battle.
Vrisha, Achala : Sakuni's brothers.
Vrishnis, Kekayas : Tribals who were devoted to the Pandavas, who with Sri Krishna visited the Pandavas in their exile.
Vrishasena : A warrior on the Kaurava side.
Vritra : Son of Twashta who was defeated by Indra's weapons Vajrayudha. He was born out of his father's sacrificial flames and became Indra's mortal enemy.
Vrikodara : Wolf-bellied, an epithet of Bhima, denoting his slimness of waist and insatiable hunger.
Vyasa : Compiler of the Vedas, son of sage Parasara.
Vyuha : Battle arrays.
Yama : God of death. God of dharma, whose son was Yudhishthira. It is he whose questions Yudhishthira answered correctly whereupon his dead brothers were brought back to life on the banks of the enchanted pool.
Yajna : A sacrifice.
Yaksha : A class of demi-gods, subjects of Kubera, the god of wealth.
Yavakrida : Son of Sage Bharadwaja who was bent upon mastering the Vedas.
Yayati : Emperor of the Bharata race who rescued Devayani from the well into which she had been thrown by Sarmishtha. He later married both Devayani and Sarmishtha. One of the ancestors of the Pandavas who became prematurely old due to Sukracharya's curse.
Yudhamanyu : A prince supporting the Pandavas.
Yuyudhana : Another name of Satyaki.
Yuyutsu : A noble son of Dhritarashtra who bent his head in shame and sorrow when Yudhishthira lost Draupadi. He also disapproved of the unfair way in which Abhimanyu was killed.


El jerez en Charles Dickens y Anthony Trollope
Grabado del artista F. A. Fraser para la edición, de 1871, Ralph the Heir, de Anthony Trollope. Esta es una de las muchas referencias que Trollope hace al jerez en sus novelas.
Escena de la novela de Charles Dickens, Little Dorrit (1855-1857). Ilustrada por Sol Eytinge Jr. para la edición americana de 1871.
Little Dorrit (La pequeña Dorrit), ilustración de H. K. Browne para una edición impresa en Leipzig en 1856.
David Copperfield in a public house.
David Copperfield, grabado de Barnard.
Mrs. Bardell and Friends,” the seventh full-page illustration by Sol Eytinge, Jr. 7.4 cm high by 9.9 cm wide. The Diamond Edition of Dickens’s The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club (Boston: Ticknor and Fields, 1867).
Bardell an attractive or even a pleasant character, but Eytinge does not merely caricature her as Phiz does; rather, Eytinge depicts both her and her supporters as ugly, and somehow warped from the inside as they drown their supposed misfortunes in sherry.
In fact, according to American biographer Fred Kaplan, Dickens pulled himself through to the end of his Anmerican lecture tour sustained by alcohol at every meal: As the April  departure date came closer, Dickens felt tired and acutely homesick. He felt “depressed all the time (except when reading)” and had lost his appetite. On reading days, at seven in the morning he had fresh cream and two tablespoons of rum, at noon a sherry cobbler and a biscuit, and at three a pint of champagne. Five minutes before his [evening] performance he had an egg beaten into a glass of sherry, during the intermission strong beef tea, and afterward soup, althogether not “more than half a pound of solid food in the whole four-and-twenty hours.” [pp. 525-526].


Mr. Nirmal Das Maheshwari, M.Sc., the eldest son of the late Sant Das Ji Maheshwari, personal Assistant to Babuji Maharaj, left his mortal coil at 06.10 A.M. on the 30th August, 1997 which coincided with his 66th birthday.
On the morning of the day of his departure, he, as usual, washed his face, brushed his teeth and took Charnamrit and Prashad followed by half a cup of tea. Then he complained of dizziness and his body shook for a short while (say ten t fifteen seconds) and he was no more. At the time of his departure, his face was refulgent and serene, and remained so till cremation although his body had been kept on ice for nearly 27 hours. The radiance on his face was clearly noticed not only by Satsangis but also by non-Satsangis who atteneded his funeral.
Nirmal Das Ji had been looking after the work of publication of the Holy books of his Father after His departure to His Original Abode in April, '83 and had also been attending to the queries of the seekers of Truth, both in India and abroad.
Once, when Nirmal Das Ji was still a child, Babuji Maharaj blessed him saying, "Do all your work attentively. I will help you in all your works, worldly as well as Parmarthi (spiritual)."
It appears that the mission of Nirmal Das Ji's life was to write the "Elaborate Elucidations of Sar Bachan Radhasoami Poetry". In Hindi, it consists of four volumes, three of which have been published. The manuscript of the fourth volume is ready and in publication.
Nirmal Das ji also elucidated in Hindi the selected Shabds and couplets from the four parts of Huzur Maharaj's "Prem Bani Radhasoami". This elucidation comprises of two volumes, the manuscript of which is also ready. Besides, he prepared a brochure to be published on the occasion of Huzur Maharaj's departure centenary which was celebrated in 1998.
No sooner than he finished this work he started detatching himself from all work and family affairs. During his illness, he was always eager to meet Satsangis and to talk with them. He told his brothers, "Henceforth, you should yourselves go through the proofs of "the Elucidation" without any reference to me, considering that I do not exist".
Earlier, in June '97, before undertaking a hectic tour of Bombay, Pune, Bangalore and Delhi, he got his name plate removed from his office. It was Nirmal Das Ji's wish that all the volumes of "the Elucidation" and the brochure be out by 1999 when 50 years of the departure of Babuji Maharaj are competed.


July 31, 2017
Area(s) of Interest: Payor Contracting Payor Issues and Reimbursement Commercial Payors
The California Medical Association’s (CMA) Center for Economic Services is publishing updated profiles on each of the major payors in California including Aetna, Anthem Blue Cross, Blue Shield of California, CIGNA, Health Net, UnitedHealthcare, Medicare/Noridian and Medi-Cal. Each profile includes key information on health plan market penetration; a description of the plan’s dispute resolution process; and the name and contact numbers for medical directors, provider relations, and other key contacts.
Don’t waste your time searching the internet for this information – members can download CMA’s Payor Profiles free of charge in the CMA Resource Library.


We can not believe it is the end of the half term. We have been busy learning all about Neil Armstrong and answering our history big questions. We have written and performed our own shape poems all about rockets in English. In maths we have been using lots of different concrete resources to answer additions and subtractions to 20. In art we have created our final piece inspired by Andy Warhol.
We are so excited to introduce our new lending library in our classroom so we can share lots of books.


Vol. 1 No. 1 (2022): Journal of Informatics and Computing
Journal of informatics and computing (RANDOM) is a national journal published by the Department of Informatics Engineering - Politeknik Negeri Indramayu (POLINDRA). Starting in 2022, RANDOM published two times a year (Mei and November). RANDOM contains articles on the results of Informatics Engineering field. RANDOM is committed to becoming the best national journal by publishing the best quality of research articles. RANDOM focus on Information Systems, Image and Speech Processing, Software Engineering, Computer Modeling and Simulation, High Performance Computing, Artificial Intelligence, Data Science, Computer Systems and Networking.


Publish Date: MAR 2020
Publisher: Wiley & Sons
Synopsis: Hacking Connected Cars deconstructs the tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) used to hack into connected cars and autonomous vehicles to help you identify and mitigate vulnerabilities affecting cyber-physical vehicles. Written by a veteran of risk management and penetration testing of IoT devices and connected cars, this book provides a detailed account of how to perform penetration testing, threat modeling, and risk assessments of telematics control units and infotainment systems. This book demonstrates how vulnerabilities in wireless networking, Bluetooth, and GSM can be exploited to affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability of connected cars.


By T. S. Eliot
Some one said: “The lifeless writers are distant from us simply because we know a lot more than they did.” accurately, and they're that which we know.
Celebrated poet and playwright T. S. Eliot used to be one of many 20th century’s such a lot influential literary critics. In Selected Essays, he compiled his most important works of feedback and concept written among 1917 and 1932. integrated listed here are what Eliot thought of the simplest essays from The Sacred Wood; his essays on Elizabethan and Jacobean dramatists; Tradition and the person Talent; Dante; For Lancelot Andrewes; Homage to John Dryden; and lots of others.
This improved variation is annotated with footnotes and features a biographical be aware in regards to the author.
“Mr. Eliot is a grasp of serious exposition.” —The ny Times
Read or Download Selected Essays, 1917–1932: 1917–1932 PDF
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A repackaged variation of the respected author’s treasury of essays and tales which learn the price of inventive writing and inventive exploration. C. S. Lewis—the nice British author, student, lay theologian, broadcaster, Christian apologist, and bestselling writer of Mere Christianity, The Screwtape Letters, the nice Divorce, The Chronicles of Narnia, and lots of different cherished classics—presents a well-reasoned case for the significance of tale and beauty, parts frequently overlooked by means of critics of his time.
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During this selection of essays for ladies, SGI President Ikeda sings the praises of the “mothers of kosen-rufu” for his or her power, knowledge, and religion. packed with tales of girls he’s met or ladies from heritage, Shine just like the Morning sunlight explores Buddhist philosophy from myriad angles. girls of every age will become aware of directions to reside by way of and thought to unfold sunshine of their households, groups, and the SGI’s stream for peace and happiness.
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Additional resources for Selected Essays, 1917–1932: 1917–1932
Selected Essays, 1917–1932: 1917–1932 by T. S. Eliot


Writing Guidelines for Engineering and Science Students (Penn State University, 2010)
- A comprehensive guide complied by Penn State on assessing the audience and selecting appropriate document formats, as well as guidelines for writing formal reports, proposals, scientific posters, journal articles, theses and dissertations.
Writing in Engineering (Purdue University)
- PowerPoint presentations and videos on writing and formatting engineering reports.
Writing in Engineering (Colorado State University)
- Detailed guides on communicating conventions in engineering and writing technical reports and project notebooks.
Effective Presentations in Engineering and Science (Penn State University)
- An in depth site providing guidelines and video examples on the structure, delivery, and use of visual aids for presentations
Oral Communication (University of Toronto)
- Principles and strategies for planning, designing visuals, and presenting engineering talks.
Researching on the web
Evaluating web pages: Techniques to Apply & Questions to Ask (UC Berkeley)
- Techniques to apply when evaluating the reliability and authenticity of information from internet sources.
Evaluating web resources (University of Calgary)
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Book: Today You Will Understand
Publisher: Femrite Volume: 66 pages
Reviewer: Martyn Drakard
Available only at Femrite offices, Kamwokya opposite Kira Road Police station.
The greatest tragedy of the twenty-two year old war in northern Uganda is the human victims, especially girls and women who are especially vulnerable.
Femrite, the Uganda Women Writers’ Association, in conjunction with IRIN Radio, which provides news and analysis about sub-Saharan Africa for the humanitarian community, and with funding from the German Embassy, has produced a book of sixteen stories, called “Today You Will Understand”, which highlights the plight of women stranded in a war that makes no sense to them.
Five Femrite writers traveled north to record accounts first-hand from camp-dwellers and abductees, and these stories have a freshness, pathos and sincerity that no media report can equal.
The title echoes words shouted by a UPDF soldiers to camp inmates near Lira in 2004 minutes before a gunfight took place between government and rebel soldiers. Mildred, a mother of six, describes the scene after the battle, of charred corpses and children clobbered to death. Her deep silences, she explains, are due only to what she experienced, which was “more than anyone could bear.”
Lucy was married young to an old man who left her with two children. Since then she had four children with another man. Unable to leave her home within the government deadline her name was omitted from the food distribution list, so she had to feed her children anyhow. Her land is being disputed by in-laws. Yet despite all this, she manages to compose a song about her problems, which she sings to relieve the pain.
Joyce’s story from the 2004 Barlonyo Massacre is gruesome. The morning after, she returned to the scene, to find the mutilated body pieces of a child of one of her sisters; her husband, whose face had been chopped to pieces; a brother and a grand-daughter had also been cruelly murdered. Reading these stories one wonders how the narrators find words to tell them.
Cecilia became a rebel’s “wife”, and describes bush life, where one kills or is killed. Those not tough enough to endure the harsh regime –including the women- are put to death.
“Under the Odugu tree” is where Rose gave birth, using the sharp edge of spear grass to cut the umbilical cord. She had been raped when six months pregnant; her husband had died of AIDS, which she had contracted. She keeps alive only for her children.
Ten-year old Flora was defiled by her grandfather’s brother. Her simple account pinpoints the fragile situation of camp life. Marital infidelity and divided homes, the spread of AIDS, alcoholism, the squalor and promiscuity, breaking down age-old cultural and moral norms, are some of the consequences. In all these instances it is usually the woman who suffers most. For children, particularly, there is the added hazard of land-mines.
The book, a voice for the voiceless, is embellished with the evocative photographs of Esteban Sacco, which add an eloquent pictorial dimension to this worthwhile publication. Compulsory reading for anyone wanting to know how the LRA war has affected people’s lives.


This is not an attempt at a comprehensive bibliography, but rather listing
the resources that underlie my assumptions.
Some Principal Resources for Prosopography
- Birley, A. Onomasticon to the Younger Pliny. de Gruyter: 2012
- Sherwin-White, A.N. The Letters of Pliny: A Historical and Social Commentary. Oxford: 1966.
- Syme, R. “People in Pliny.” Journal of Roman Studies. 58 (1968): 135-151.


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Who sets the price in the local market? The publisher provides a price they will be paid for each book in US$ and the printer partner will convert this to their currency, add margin and print cost, and then determine the price to sell the book in their market and in their currency.
Are the books returnable? No, all sales are non-returnable through the Global Connect Program.
How often do I receive reporting? We provide sales reports for GCP sales monthly within the existing US POD publisher comp statements. You can also generate reports from your IngramSpark account. This can be found under Reports, Print sales reports. Select the option for the Global Connect/Espresso report. If viewing online, be sure to deselect the option for POD.
For the most up-to-date list of our Print On Demand distribution partners, visit our website: https://www.ingramspark.com/how-it-works/distribute


These are text editor snippets intended to facilitate Python development for Glyphs.app. Have fun.
To add the package to Atom, search for the package “Python for Glyphs.”
Alternatively, you may use Atom’s command line tools if you already have them installed.
apm install opentype-feature-bundle
This repository only contains the source code for the Atom package, which is based upon Rainer Erich Scheichelbauer’s original Textmate bundle.
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the “License”); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
See the License file included in this repository for further details.
Good catch. Let us know what about this package looks wrong to you, and we'll investigate right away.


Intro to Improv
For Immediate Download
This book is ideal for those who wish to explore jazz, improvisation, or simply want a better understanding of basic guitar mechanics. It provides straightforward exercises to help you take the first steps in playing freely, yet also provides challenges to those with experience.
The current edition comes with demos and backing tracks, making learning even more enjoyable. Each lesson is created to be mastered within a reasonable time frame, in minutes, not hours.
If you are seeking to play music as you’ve always dreamed, get this book!
84 Pages, Demo & Backing Tracks.


The University of Dallas offers a premier liberal arts education built on a legacy
of study and grounded in the pursuit of creativity, ingenuity and new discoveries.
Increasingly, we have been recognized for our strong Catholic identity and our commitment
to the Western intellectual tradition. From our devoted faculty to our focus on providing
the highest quality education to our students, learn more about what sets us apart.
Named among the 2022 Best Colleges, UD ranked No. 6 in Regional Universities West for the second year in a row, and No. 9 as a Best Value institution. The university was additionally ranked among the Best Colleges for Veterans, Top Performers on Social Mobility, and Best Undergraduate Business Programs in the country.
Named to the Fiske Guide to Colleges 2019, remaining the only Catholic college or university to receive such an honor in the southwestern United States.
The University of Dallas is ranked 78 in Kiplinger's list of Best Values in Liberal Arts Colleges and is ranked 173 among all colleges.
UD was identified as No. 22 of the "46 Best Colleges for Getting Big Merit Scholarships" by Money Magazine. Money declared UD 「one of the nation’s top-performing colleges」 in its annual ranking of the Best Colleges for Your Money, as well as one of the Best Colleges in the South.
Named one of the "Top 50 Christian Schools" by Study.com. Over 75% of the student population is Catholic, however, students of all denominations are welcome to foster their individual spiritual development and prepare for their spiritual calling in life.
Ranked 67th in the "Top 300 Schools for Women" at the Women's Choice Awards in 2018.
Oct. 14, 2022 (Irving, TX) – The University of Dallas (UD) announced the appointment of reference librarian and adjunct French instructor Ron Scrogham as interim dean of libraries and research...+ Read More
The University of Dallas will host the 7th annual Catholic Bar Association (CBA) Conference, 「Catholic Lawyers: Upholding the Rule of Law,」 Oct. 13-15, 2022. "Our members are looking forward to being on the campus of one of our nation’s premier Catholic institutions of higher learning,」 said Peter H. Wickersham, CBA president.+ Read More
The University of Dallas recently earned high marks of excellence from leading publications – including moving up to the #2 spot for 「Best Value」 among U.S. News & World Report’s "Best Colleges" in the West, as well as The Princeton Review’s Best 388 Colleges and 「America’s Top Colleges」 by Forbes.+ Read More


Fully illustrated guide to writing sign languages on paper. Learn how to apply the 5 parameters to a three-tier sign staff! Available now on Amazon.com: https://www.amazon.com/signotation-ASL-Writers-Guide-Parameters/dp/0998718610/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1517687325&sr=8-1&keywords=signotation
The 5 Parameters
Explore applying the 5 Parameters of Signed Languages, including ASL, to the Signotation Staff.
Here is the same template, blank:
Sign Staff Free Download
Download the SIGNotation Sign Staff for FREE!
Print and start recording your own SIGNotations!


'Jain Tales' notes
These notes have been specially produced for teachers to use in the classroom alongside the Jain Tales book.
The notes aim to help teachers teach Jainism effectively and in fun ways so that children:
- improve their reading comprehension
- enhance their writing skills
- work on colour and artistic skills.
All the notes can be downloaded from the bottom of the page.
You will need Adobe Reader to use the PDF documents. You can download the free software from the Adobe website.
Another point of view
This exercise can help with both reading and writing comprehension.
All of the stories in Jain Tales are written from the point of view of the narrator. One way of deepening a pupil’s understanding of a story is to see if they can see the same story from another perspective.
Ask your pupils to rewrite one of the stories in Jain Tales from the point of view of one of the main characters. Make sure that different groups of pupils choose different characters. When their stories have been completed, this can lead to a discussion about how changes in viewpoint can change a story.
Cloze tests are a popular way of judging pupils' understanding of the text and of extending their vocabulary. We have provided you with an extract from the story of ‘Monkey and Sugari’ with several words blocked out. There is also the untouched extract so that you can see what the original words were.
Download and print these illustrations from the book. Children can enjoy colouring in and learning about the queen's dreams.


Up for review: Gauge Fields, Knots and Gravity by John Baez and Javier P. Muniain. Published by World Scientific; ISBN 9810220340 (pbk)
In short: Buy this book immediately!
Gauge Fields, Knots and Gravity is a surprisingly small book, given the hefty title, but its goal is to provide a solid introduction to these subjects, rather than attempt a complete and detailed treatment. The authors state in the preface that they “hope that both physicists who wish to learn more differential geometry and topology, and mathematicians who wish to learn more gauge theory and general relativity, will find this book a useful place to start.” Speaking as a physicist, I can report that they succeeded marvelously, and I further admit to having learned a lot of gauge theory and general relativity as well.
The book is divided into three parts, which you’d be forgiven for expecting are the three advertised topics. Gauge fields and knots are covered in part II, gravity in part III, while part I, under the heading of Electromagnetism, gives easily the best introduction to differential geometry that I have come across. By the end of the first part the reader can understand and appreciate Maxwell’s equations in the simple coordinate-independent form and . The second part takes up the gauge theory aspects of Maxwell’s equations directly, treating fiber bundles, connections, and curvature while working up to the Yang-Mills equation, Chern-Simons theory, and the links to knot theory. Even more ambitious is part III, which (somewhat hurriedly) covers the standard mathematical apparatus of general relativity before moving on to the real goals, the ADM formalism and prospects for quantization in Ashtekar’s new variables.
There are almost surely hundreds of precise textbooks on differential geometry and fiber bundles, many bringing to mind the observation by C.N. Yang that “There are only two kinds of math books. Those you cannot read beyond the first sentence, and those you cannot read beyond the first page.” On the other end of the spectrum are the “[x] for physicists” books which often treat their chosen material intuitively but not precisely enough to be useful in calculating or deriving anything. The chief strength of this book is its ability to do both well, and in a non-cumbersome formalism. Concepts are explained in a clear, easy to read manner and then connected to precise definitions written in a useful formalism. Any one of these three can make for a useful book, but Baez and Muniain set a new standard by offering all three. And over 300 exercises.


Potomac Senior High School is "Striving for Excellence"
Potomac High School 2013 Graduation Ceremony has been scheduled (confirmed) for Monday, June 10 at 2:30 pm at Jiffy Lube Live. Parents and students click here for important information about graduation.
Potomac High School's Fax numbers:
2012 Voluntary Summer Reading Program @ Potomac Senior High School
The purpose of the PWCS Summer Reading Program is to encourage students to enjoy quality literature and to continue developing their independent reading skills. Student participation in the program is voluntary. Students in grades 9-12 who choose to participate in the program are required to complete at least two books over the summer.
Students in Grades 9 -12 who participate will complete a list of books read. The documentation is to include the name of the author, the title of the book, an explanation of the topic or plot of the book, and a parent or guardian statement that the student has completed the reading. The documentation form link is at the bottom of this page.
For students who participate in Prince William County Public Library's Summer Reading Program, the Public Library documentation is also acceptable. Students who complete documentation for at least two books will receive an extra "A" (100) for each book completed, for a total of two. The summer reading documentation will be submitted by the student by the end of the first week of school.


Literary Category: contemporary fiction
Premio Nacional de Bolivia
Banished from her own home and deprived of seeing her son, Lea, a Bolivian immigrant in Toulouse, is forced to go on a “desert crossing”. Upon returning to her country, the ghosts of her dark family past resurface, seriously threatening the protagonist's mental health. Thus begins this novel that from the first moment enwraps us like a spider's web. From the outset, the reader is trapped in a plot of suspense that reveals with shocking naturalness the cultural clash between two countries as different as Bolivia and France. A surprisingly original and mysterious novel that has made Guillermo Ruiz Plaza one of the most unique voices in the new Latin American narrative.


Welcome to the Key Stage 3 audio archive. Click on the audio of choice to listen.
This is an extract from an interview with a man who was born into slavery. Recorded in the Southern States of America between 1932 and 1975. The interview comes from several collections held in the American Library of Congress. The age of the recordings means that some of the voices are difficult to hear. The complete interviews can be heard on the American Library of Congress website.
Mary Prince was born in 1788 to a slave family in Bermuda. She was bought and sold a number of times. In 1828 she travelled to England with her owners and escaped. Mary became the first black woman to writer and publish an autobiography. This is an extract from her story read by
Spiritual: I told you people
It was forbidden for the enslaved Africans to practice their own faiths (which were mostly Animist and Muslim). They were forced to become Christians by Slave masters who used Christianity as a tool of control.
‘I told you people judgment coming’, is an example of a spiritual song from The Bahamas.
Frederick Douglass was born a slave in Maryland, USA. He escaped to the North in 1838 and quickly involved himself in the anti-slavery movement. His autobiography, The Narrative Life of Frederick Douglass: an American Slave, was published in 1845. Fearful of re-enslavement, Douglass fled to Britain where he spent two years giving lectures on the anti-slavery movement. He raised enough money to buy his freedom and returned to America a free man.
Musical transcriptions of early slave songs are very rare. This work song illustrates the widespread African musical feature of call-and-response.


NEW YORK, NY (October 6, 2010) — Little, Brown Books for Young Readers, a division of Hachette Book Group, has announced today at the Frankfurt Book Fair that it will release The Twilight Saga: The Official Illustrated Guide by Stephenie Meyer on April 12, 2011. This definitive encyclopedic reference to the Twilight Saga is the only official guide and is full color throughout, including nearly 100 full-color illustrations and photographs. The Twilight Saga: The Official Illustrated Guide will be released in hardcover for $24.99 and also be available as an e-book.
The Twilight Saga: The Official Illustrated Guide provides readers with exclusive new material and everything they need to further explore the unforgettable world Stephenie Meyer created in Twilight, New Moon, Eclipse, Breaking Dawn and The Short Second Life of Bree Tanner. The Guide also includes character profiles, outtakes, a conversation with Meyer, genealogical charts, maps, extensive cross-references, and much more. Originally announced as "The Official Guide," The Twilight Saga: The Official Illustrated Guide includes illustrations from several artists, including Young Kim, the illustrator behind the #1 New York Times bestselling Twilight: The Graphic Novel, Volume 1.
"I'm always amazed at how many in-depth questions my readers have about my characters and the world within the Twilight Saga," said Stephenie Meyer. "With The Official Illustrated Guide, I hoped we could incorporate as many details as possible, including character histories, like Alice's back story. I'm thrilled with the different artistic interpretations done by Young Kim and the other talented illustrators, including Bella's wedding dress. I hope the fans feel it was worth the wait!"
In five years, Stephenie Meyer has become a worldwide publishing phenomenon. The Twilight Saga's translation rights have been sold in nearly 50 countries and 116 million copies have been sold worldwide...
On retrouvera donc des illustrations du manga , des photographies, des profils des personnages, des textes inédits... Bref plein de bonnes choses pour être incollable sur la saga surtout que selon Atom éditions il pourrait faire 500 pages!!.Et le prix pour le moment serait de 25 euros et good news mais qui n'est pas encore vérifiée , il pourrait sortir en même temps que les US!!
Lecture-academy vous propose de donner vos avis sur le design, notamment couverture souple ou cartonée (comme les éditions collector) ,le titre guide ou encyclopédie.
Perso je préfère les couvertures cartonnées (elles durent plus longtemps et niveau esthétique c'ets le top) et encyclopédie (car la saga en mérite bien une!^^)


Falling between Worlds: Catalogue of video art 2016-2020 (2020) Dane Stone Publishing. ISBN: 978-955374944
The Lake District and Cumbria in Recipes and Photographs (2006, 3rd ed 2015). Dane Stone Publishing. In print. ISBN: 978-0955374937
Yorkshire: In Recipes and Photographs (2011). Dane Stone Publishing. Now out of print. ISBN: 978-0955374913
Contributor of article or section
“Found collaboration”, and the art of leaving things for others to find and use. Media-N journal article, due to be published December 2020.
Against racism cover images: Tess Baxter. Falling Between Worlds: video poster (2020) International Visual Sociology Association. Call for Journal cover images, contributions made available online: https://visualsociology.org/?p=6791
In Defence of Holism: textures and materials, words conversing with images, theory with practice, disciplines joined together (Sept 2020). The Sociological Review. Reviewed journal article online. Available at: https://www.thesociologicalreview.com/in-defence-of-holism-textures-and-materials-words-conversing-with-images-theory-with-practice-disciplines-joined-together/
Tizzy Canucci, in, WomenCinemakers Biennale 2018 Special Edition on Independent Cinema, Documentary, Dance Video, Experimental cinema and Video art. Official Selection, for the video work The Digital Pilgrims.
There is No Cure for Curiosity, in, Mobile Utopia: Art and Experiments (2017) Jen Southern, Emma Rose and Linda O Keeffe, Monika Büscher, p29. ISBN: 978-1862203396
Natura e cultura; carbonio e rifiuti (translated by Barry Smith into Italian), in, Alimentazione, la sfida del nuovo millennio (2015) Alberto Michelini (ed). Gangemi Editore, Roma, pp36-38. ISBN: 978-8849230918
Lattices and Curled, in, Living Words: An anthology of poetry (2015). Swarthmoor Hall Press.
Community Cookbooks and the Culture of Recipe Sharing, in, Farechoice Issue 58, December 2011. Community Food and Health (Scotland).
Tess Baxter, aka Tizzy Canucci, discusses her Supernova 2020 World on Fire entry “Out of isolation came forth light,’ and work in Second Life, the focus of her PhD submitted in 2020 (2020). Supernova website. Interviewed by Sharifa Moore.
The photographer subculture inside Fallout, GTA and Left 4 Dead (and Second Life), in, Hopes and Fears (2015). Interviewed by Richard Moss.


I always enjoyed Evan Osnos’s articles on China when he was the Beijing based correspondent for the New Yorker. Osnos lived in Beijing for eight years and speaks Chinese, two attributes that informed his writing on China which I have always found to be informative and entertaining.
Osnos’s recent book on China, Age of Ambition, Chasing Fortune, Truth and Faith in the New China is every bit as good as his writing in the New Yorker. He paints portraits of some of today’s most well-known dissidents including Ai Wei Wei and Chen Guangcheng as well as the popular anti-government blogger Han Han. And there are profiles as well of figures who have risen to become part of China’s elite, including a lady who runs China’s most popular dating site and a prominent journalist. In some instances these are the typical rags-to riches tales that are recounted so often in books on China nowadays and in this respect Age of Ambition mirrors other recent books on China. Osnos’s book stands out, however, because he has access to many of China’s most central figures, by virtue of his assignment in Beijing for one of America’s most established magazines. For this reason we are often on the receiving end of the Government’s attempts at coercion and censorship, sometimes successful, often not. And that is what this book is really about, China’s hectic change and the Government’s attempts to keep up and to keep order.
There are also very good sections about the China Bullet train disaster, an accident that was very much owing to corruption, and a well-publicized incident in the South in which a small girl was hit by a car and no one came to her aid. These were big news stories both in China and overseas and Osnos gives us riveting accounts of both.
Still there are weaknesses. The Age of Ambition would have profited had Osnos spent a few months in 2nd or 3rd tier cities feeling the pulse of rural China which still makes up over 50% of the population. For example how effective are the Government’s efforts to curb freedom of expression in cities other than Beijing and Shanghai, where Osnos seems to spend most of his time ? In fact Osnos focuses almost exclusively on establishment figures in modern day Beijing, Starbucks or upscale office buildings being the setting for many of his interviews. A portrait of a textile factory owner in Jinagsu grappling with issues such as pollution and labor unrest would have been preferable to the portrait Osnos gives us of the blogger Han Han who, as both fervent anti-government blogger and amateur Formula 1 driver, obviously has some credibility issues. Osnos glosses over the hypocrisy of Han Han and his often banal blog posts and seems more dazzled by Han Han’s celebrity.
Osnos is also overly critical of China’s progress. He lambasts the Government’s censorship efforts, without acknowledging that mob unrest has a long history in rural China going back to the early Nineteenth Century and that Government fears about internet rumors fanning mob violence are in some cases well-founded. Religious cults, for example, pose a far more serious threat to political and social order in China than they do in more advanced democracies like the US or Japan and China has good reason to worry. Osnos moreover belittles China’s achievements in science and technology, not to mention the achievements of a couple of the individuals he has befriended and whom he profiles. He mocks the English teacher Michael’s attempts to master English and yet he portrays Michael as a friend.
Like other more recent writers on China, Osnos lacks the perspective of someone who was present in China in the 1980s and early 1990s when the country was mired in backwardness and had yet to experience the fruits of the Deng reforms. China was one of the poorest countries in the world then. Today it is one of the richest. Development on that scale means big problems and yet too many writers on China today, Osnos being one of them, focus on the problems and seem to forget the achievement, an achievement that long-time China watcher Henry Kissinger calls the “miracle of our time. “