Queen Elizabeth II, who died on September 8 aged 96, will be buried on September 19. To reign over the United Kingdom, she sacrificed her normal life, which she had led before she became heir to the throne.
The things we can remember about the life of Elizabeth II before paying her the last respect were described in an article for Politico by Otto English the pen name used by Andrew Scott, a London-based writer and playwright .
Princess Elizabeth in a palace at the heart of London
Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor was born on April 21, 1926, to Elizabeth, the Duchess of York.
As was then the custom, the Home Secretary Sir William Joynson-Hicks, was present at delivery — just in case the infant was swapped for someone who was not of royal birth.
After her birth, Princess Elizabeth was third in line to the throne, as her uncle Edward was heir apparent.
Although official biographers like to mention the princess’s ordinary childhood in a normal building at 145 Piccadilly in the very heart of London, the address, in fact, was nothing like common.
Elizabeth grew up in a substantial palace, with 25 bedrooms, a ballroom, a library, and an enormous garden.
Nannie Bobo: Queen Elizabeth’s first word
Although photos of the era depict Elizabeth and her younger sister Margaret with their mother and father, in truth, they were brought up by an army of servants and rarely saw their parents.
Childcare was left to two nannies: Clara Knight, a strict disciplinarian who instilled fear and good manners, and Margaret MacDonald.
MacDonald was the only person outside of the royal family who was allowed to call Elizabeth by her family nickname Lilibet, and she shared a bedroom with her charge until she was 11 years old.
Lilibet’s first word, "Bobo," was addressed to MacDonald — and the nickname stuck.
Every morning, MacDonald brought Elizabeth a cup of tea, laid out her clothes, and ran her daily bath. Effectively prohibited from marriage — to have done so would have cost her the job — MacDonald dedicated her life to the queen until her death in 1993.
She never gave an interview, never discussed her relationship with Elizabeth II, and died with her and the queen’s secrets intact.
The governess expelled for writing a book about the princesses
Bobo was not the only "commoner" to play a pivotal role in Elizabeth’s early years. In addition to the nannies, the princesses had a governess, Marion Crawford, whom the girls nicknamed "Crawfie."
Crawfie was the York’s very own Mary Poppins, steering her charges through the change in their circumstances when their uncle abdicated and their father unexpectedly became king.
If Bobo was a surrogate mother for Elizabeth, Crawfie was an older sister, role model, and friend.
But by 1947, neither Elizabeth nor Margaret had need of a governess, and aged just 39, Crawfie was retired and afterward wrote a book called "The Little Princesses," which was published in 1950.
Despite having approved the project, the queen mother declared that Crawfie had "gone off her head," and the woman who had devoted the first part of her life to the monarchy was ostracized and was forced to leave the Nottingham Cottage, a grace-and-favor home given to her for life.
Neither the queen nor any other member of the royal family had ever spoken to Crawfie again.
Elizabeth’s governess had never been granted a pardon
Interestingly, the book by Crawford was a wholly affectionate memoir and showed the royal family in a very good light. Her fate was probably sealed by one or two turns of phrase that hinted at the king’s bad temper during the war.
Deprived of the royal family’s favor, Crawford disappeared from official records and memoirs. thereafter, she attempted suicide twice.
Later in life, she moved close to the Balmoral estate in the hope that she might one day chance upon her old charge and that amends could be made. But the moment never came. When she eventually died in 1988, the royal family sent not so much as a wreath to the funeral.
We don’t know how this affected Elizabeth, but this reprisal speaks volumes about the Windsor family that is sometimes referred to as "The Firm," the writer points out.
Elizabeth meets Philip
In 1939, the 13-year-old princess met Prince Philip for the second time during a visit to Dartmouth naval college. Their first meeting occurred at the wedding of her uncle George, Duke of Kent, and Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark in 1934.
Elizabeth and Philip were introduced by Philip’s uncle and guardian, Lord Louis Mountbatten. However, it’s the second meeting that was considered important, because Elizabeth was only 8 when they first met.
Aged 19 in 1939, Philip was a Greek prince in exile, whose three sisters married nazis in Germany. His father was living the life of an aging playboy in Monte Carlo, and his mother had been declared insane.
After that meeting with Philip, Elizabeth declared in a letter to a cousin that she had met a "Viking God," and for the rest of the war the two exchanged letters.
The queen mother distrusted Philip and nicknamed him "the Hun," but Elizabeth got her way with the help of Louis Mountbatten, who aspired to give his name to the house of Windsor, and in 1947 the couple were engaged.
The marriage of Elizabeth II and Prince Philip
The wedding between Elizabeth II and Prince Philip became a matter of national celebration. Billed as an "austerity wedding," it was really nothing of the sort.
The union was an excuse for nationwide festivities. Thousands of people descended on London for the event. The couple received 2,500 presents, including a shawl woven by Gandhi and a diamond and platinum Cartier necklace from the Nizam of Hyderabad.
They had two children (Charles and Anne) in quick succession and between 1949 and 1951 lived in Malta, where Philip was serving as a naval officer on HMS Chequers.
Official biographies portray this era as a period of "normality," which is also not entirely true: Elizabeth and Philip lived in a six-bedroom mansion, and in addition to Bobo, had an army of staff.
Any attempt at ordinary life was anyway short-lived. In 1952, Elizabeth’s father, King George VI died, and the 25-year-old woman became queen.
Queen Elizabeth II: a crisis in marriage
The declaration of Elizabeth Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland caused considerable marital strife, the author notes.
According to him, as corroborated by memoirs of that time, the dynamics of the pair’s relationship changed immediately, with Philip turned, in his own words, into "a bloody amoeba" while his wife surrendered herself wholly to her new duties.
The duke of Edinburgh seems to have had an existential crisis and spent ever-longer periods away from home. There were rumors of affairs that went on well into the 1980s.
Meanwhile, Elizabeth found friendship with her old childhood friend Henry Herbert, 7th earl of Carnarvon, aka Porchie.
The two shared a love of racehorses and the great outdoors and while there’s no suggestion they ever had an affair, their very close friendship sent the rumor mill into overdrive.
The family of Elizabeth II: boarding schools and broken mystics
The care of the four children (Andrew was born in 1960 and Edward in 1964) was entrusted to nannies and boarding schools.
Although the Windsors were always portrayed as a perfect and devoted family, the children considered themselves lucky if they saw their parents for half an hour a day.
The swinging 60s weren’t kind to the monarchy, and in 1969 a TV crew was allowed access to make a documentary about the royal family. It was a PR disaster.
The mystique of royalty was shot to pieces as the family was shown awkwardly trying to spend time together.
In one excruciating scene, Philip was shown loudly complaining about his wife’s steaks, and in another, a young Edward was seen crying because Charles had accidentally hit him with a cello string.
The TV show revealed a rather detached mother and a very odd and rather dysfunctional family.
Stalking by the press and a song by Sex Pistols
In the 1970s, the tabloid newspapers steered clear of the queen herself but increasingly stalked her children. The three older children were hounded, their private lives examined and their every swear word turned into populist fodder.
Things improved slightly in 1977 for the queen’s Silver Jubilee — when millions turned out to celebrate Elizabeth’s day.
But the same year saw that Sex Pistols take on "God Save the Queen." The record was banned by the BBC — and quickly rose to the top of the charts.
The Sex Pistols song quickly became a hit [video]
It was the first head-on assault on the institution of the monarchy by popular culture.
The story of Princess Diana: the decline of popular affection for Elizabeth II
Charles’ marriage to Diana turned out to become another tragedy for the royal family: although the coverage in 1981 looked like a fairy tale, it quickly fell apart.
The relationship of the couple pushed together because of Charles’ affair with the married Camilla quickly dissolved into a battle between Diana and The Firm.
Bewildered by Charles’ behavior, Elizabeth made her displeasure apparent — and stripped both Diana and Sarah Ferguson (her third child Andrew’s wife) of their titles.
Diana also lost her office, her police protection, and her good name — as the tabloids dragged her reputation through the mud, with encouragement from the Buckingham Palace press office.
In 1997, Princess Diana died in a car crash in Paris, and the royal family spiraled toward irrelevance.
As preparations were made for the 2002 Golden Jubilee, there were fears that nobody would come — with Blairite encouragement, the event was turned instead into a "people’s party," complete with Brian May playing the national anthem on Buckingham Palace’s roof.
Elizabeth II regaining public favor
It was only when the queen — having been the nation’s sweetheart and the nation’s mother — was reinvented as the nation’s grandmother that affection for her began to return.
As she advanced into her 80s, the outward image of an unsmiling monarch seemed to loosen up a bit.
There was a stunt with James Bond actor Daniel Craig at the opening of the 2012 Olympics, when she appeared to jump out of a helicopter, and she made a funny viral video with her grandson Harry in the run-up to the Invictus Games in 2016.
Elizabeth with her grandson Harry watching Obama on a video [video]
Her Christmas Day messages became softer in tone and there were hints of a rebel Remainer queen — when she wore a hat that looked a bit like an EU flag at the state opening of parliament in 2017.
Prince Harry’s wedding and the most-loved son Andrew
However, even as a younger generation of royals seemed ready to breathe new life into The Firm, the tensions within the Windsor family continued.
Elizabeth II made little secret of her displeasure following her grandson Harry’s marriage to Meghan Markle, as well as the couple’s subsequent defection to the United States and their interview with Oprah Winfrey in which accusations of racism and bullying were made against members of the royal family.
At the same time, the author mentions that the queen’s weakness has always been Andrew — her middle and most-loved child.
Despite his profligate ways, unsavory friendship with the pedophile Jeffrey Epstein, and unpopularity with the public, Prince Andrew remained protected by his mother until the bitter end.
Queen Elizabeth II: what was behind the legend
At the end, we don’t know much about Elizabeth II: She adored horses and people who loved horses, and dogs and people who loved dogs.
She knew a lot about the things she had inherited and not much about anything else. She drove fast about her estates in a beaten-up Land Rover and dedicated her life to fiercely protecting the promulgation of the family firm.
But it was almost as if she was absent from her own story — her legend as rigorously curated and spun as that of any autocrat.
"Elizabeth Windsor played the role of queen with unflinching conviction for more than 70 years. In performing the part so well, she has left a hole that might yet prove impossible to fill," argues Otto English.
In the coming days and months, many will mourn her. Many too, might find themselves wondering who she actually was — and what comes next, he points out.


Book DescriptionMedia visionary and business titan Michael D. Eisner presents a candid look back at one of the most formative experiences of his life-the time he spent at summer camp. For the millions who enjoyed childhood summers spent away from home atcamp, those moments are recalled with everything from dismay to nostalgic bliss.For Disney CEO Michael D. Eisner, the months he spent at Keewaydin summer camp, nestled in the mountains of Vermont, served as a cherished and invaluable starting point for an adult life that would include a career and family life filled with unparalleled success. From the first time his father took Michael to Keewaydin at the age of seven, he realized it would become an important part of his life. Over the years, as a camperand a counselor, Michael absorbed the life lessons that come from sitting in the stern of a canoe or meeting around a campfire at night. With anecdotes from his summers at Keewaydin and stories from his life in the upper echelons of American business that illustrate the camp`s continued influence, Eisner creates a touching and insightful portrait of his own coming-of-age, as well as a resounding declaration of summer camp as an invaluable national institution.
Вес : 362 г
Год выпуска : 2005
Автор на обложке : Michael D. Eisner
Язык издания : Английский


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The way we write and read has changed over the centuries. From people carving on stone to writing hieroglyphics to scrolls. Those methods are now gone. The revolutionary invention of the printing press,again changed the way we communicate. these technique have evolved over time and as technology allowed. Printed material has been a part of our lives for centuries and now we are faces with a new technology and a new way to read. The Internet has played a dominant factor in the way we receive materials. We can see that as newspapers are trying to stay alive and print material is available to us online in electronic format. Because of the rapid growth of the Internet and online reading, it was simply easier to take what was printed and duplicate it in an electronic format. But Web browser are not designed for the reading of large volume of text and portray it in a much different way than the printed page. Also, when people are using Web browsers they have intentions or are lured away to other tempting things to do on the Web. Recently, book readers like Kindle and the Sony reader have given those who wish to read electronically, the ability to do so offline. Still, there is a lot of material online that we wish to consume because it is at our finger tips but as the Web is a much different animal than the printer page, it must be digested in a different way.
Just as we were taught to read books and we had outing to the library to learn how to use the Dewey Decimal system effectively (even the first course in my PhD studies was a course in effective and proper research technique), we must teach student how to properly find, read, digest and critically analyze what they read on the Web. Some will say that we need to encourage student to read real books. That is true but they also need to be taught on how to use new media.
After all, if we don't teach them how to use the new electronic reading media, what will they do when the printed book is gone.


The Good Duchess By Jane Dismore It is 300 years since the death of a remarkable Scottish noblewoman.
Shadow on the South China Sea By Bill Hayton Since the beginning of the 20th century, a tiny collection of islets and shoals has been the focus of disputes involving seven nations.
A Case of Double Standards By Suzannah Lipscomb Despite progress since the 1970s, female historians are still treated unfairly both inside and outside the academy. Things must change, says Suzannah Lipscomb.
On the Trail of the Terror By Shane McCorristine The recent discovery of a long-lost ship throws new light on a strange disappearance.
Remembering the Forgotten By Jerome de Groot In this round-up of historical fiction: Thomas Hardy's housemaid, an Icelandic boy witnesses the 1918 Spanish flu epidemic and a young Englishwoman in revolutionary Paris.
Smuggling: Seven Centuries of Contraband This pacy book is a whistle-stop tour of what the dust jacket calls our 'dark history', namely the ruthless pursuit of profit at the expense of the law through the traffic of people, goods and ideas. It is a story that stretches across time and...
Churchill and Ireland Winston Churchill had a long association with Ireland, from his infancy in Dublin in the 1870s to his second premiership in the 1950s. During his life he adopted various stances on Ireland's political relationship with Britain. As a young...
Elizabethan England and the Islamic World The Mediterranean world loomed large in English culture in the 16th century. What is made strikingly clear in Jerry Brotton's new book, This Orient Isle, is the extent to which the Muslim inhabitants of North Africa and the Middle East...
The Collective Memory of the Vietnam War The Vietnam War has long been represented through the 'authenticity' of the GI experience. Those who 'were there' and related their experiences of a chaotic, brutally violent war have served as a cultural conduit for the conflict in ways which...
Full Steam Ahead to the Modern World This is an engaging history of the capitalist world in the 1850s, which stitches together vivid stories of entrepreneurs and adventurers from the United States to New Zealand. ...
Gertrude Bell and the Archaeology of the Middle East The female Lawrence of Arabia, the woman who made Iraq, the uncrowned queen of the desert: there have been many attempts to encapsulate the complex essence of Gertrude Lowthian Bell since her death in 1926 in Baghdad. Born to a wealthy industrial...
Albania's Executioner Unmasked Few leaders have published as much and eliminated more people than Enver Hoxha, Albania's dictator from 1944 to 1985. Hoxha published on a Churchillian scale: 7,000 pages in 13 volumes of memoirs. Simultaneously, during his rule, of Albania's...
Browne was the first British volunteer to die in the war. One of many female volunteers to fight, she travelled by car to Spain with her friend, Edith Bone. They arrived in Barcelona just days before Franco's attempted coup of 18 July 1936. Interesting story on her life. Her artistic work was recently given a special exhibition in the Tate Britain.
An interesting approach. Harding uses the inhabitants of a wooden summer house to tell the story of twentieth century German history. As they say with property, location is everything and this house certainly has the location to enable a good story to be told. Built by a Jewish family on the edge of a small lake on the outskirts of Berlin during the period of Weimar prosperity it is leased as the family flee Nazi Germany and then aryanised, each time occupied by families with their own tale of survival and/or deceit.
But back to location. At wars end the house finds itself just inside the Soviet zone of Germany and even has the 1961 Berlin wall built across its garden to block access to the lake and the west which is only a few hundred yards away on the other side. When the wall comes down the author (grandson of the daughter whose father built the house) returns to research the story and ends up setting up a charity to prevent its demolition and keep it as a monument.
In many ways the DDR part of the story is the most interesting, with its glimpses into everyday life, perhaps as this is the period with the most readily available material to the author. He is a journalist, and the approach relects that. Evidence is largely based on interviews (and as he confesses to little knowledge of German this suggests they were interpreted through a third party. Another admission indicates that interviewees were offered expenses for their time.), and the small potted history updates provided through the narrative to give the general reader a basic context are at times over simplistic (the explanation for the Berlin Blockade is one such case) or inaccurate (the Soviets did not fly jet fighters over Berlin or anywhere else in World War 2). Nonetheless the narrative is intriguing and compelling and reads easily. An attachment to the property soon develops.
The story is illustrated with ground plans that show how the design changed under different inhabitants. An accompanying web site also includes pictures and home movies taken by the original owners as well as updates on restoration progress. Unfortunately the publishers decision to put all explanatory notes at the back and not indicate in the body of the text where such a note exists has potentially deprived the reader of valuable insights. No doubt done to increase the appeal to the general reader who might be put off by footnotes this has been counter-productive as these notes are not academic, but rather complement what is in the main body of the book (background to interviews, additional details about decisions indicated in the narrative) and often are as interesting as the general text. Many readers will miss them until they are "discovered" after the last page is read.
Hundreds of soldiers wrote to families on eve of the battle of the Somme that saw 57,000 British casualties on first day. To commemorate the centenary of the Somme, the Imperial War Museum in London is opening access to many of these final letters that were given to the museum by descendants, along with treasured photographs.
The following are extracted from an article by the historian Antony Beevor which examines clearly the key factors in the origin of the EU today and also why it has the problems that it does. In conclusion Beevor acknowledges though that the EU has been a positive rather than negative force which Britain should remain attached to. The full article can be read here.
.......The origins of the EU lie in the second world war, but not in the way many people on both sides of the debate assume. Brexiters try to imply that European unification descends from Napoleon and Hitler, even though membership has hardly been imposed at the point of a bayonet. At the same time, defenders of the EU like to believe that it somehow prevented a third world war, when in fact peace depends rather more on good governance. Proper democracies do not fight each other.
Because Britain was not involved at the start we do not have a clear idea of the EU's development. Few in this country have even heard of Jean Monnet. He was an extraordinarily important Frenchman who neither went to university nor was ever elected to public office. Born into a family of cognac merchants, Monnet became the greatest behind-the-scenes fixer in modern history.
It was Monnet who, while based in London in the dark days of June 1940, working on the integration of the British and French arms industries, came up with the suggestion of an Anglo-French union to continue resistance to Hitler. The idea excited both Charles de Gaulle and Winston Churchill, but was crushed by Marshal Philippe Pétain, who described the plan as a "marriage to a corpse", since France was about to surrender. ..........
.......August of 1943, Monnet .... decided that European states would be so enfeebled after the war that they must unite into a federation. And yet the Monnet plan, which he expounded in 1945, proposed the French takeover of Ruhr coal production to rebuild France at the expense of Germany. De Gaulle supported the idea fervently, but then resigned because the infighting of French politics failed to live up to his own impossible dream that the country's conflicting views would become unified under his leadership.
On 2 January 1946, just before his departure, De Gaulle appointed Monnet to head the Commissariat Général du Plan. This was to provide centralised planning writ large. Monnet brought in almost the whole team from the Délégation Générale à l'Equipement National, even though it had been created by the collaborationist Vichy regime. These bright young "technocrates" from the top schools of the French administration had worked on projects to modernise France within the "new European order" of the Third Reich. After the war they were the very same people who were to run the European Coal and Steel Community, headed of course by Monnet, and then in 1958, the European Economic Community. Thus the top cadres of the European bureaucracy were not merely elitist from the start, they had little patience for democratic consultation. They knew best what was needed.
The Marshall Plan in 1948 saved western Europe from economic and political collapse. The formation of Nato the following year also provided the first measure of unity as the sudden intensification of the cold war imposed a form of geopolitical straitjacket. The development of the EU in subsequent years was not a rival to Nato, as some seem to imply. The two organisations existed perfectly well in parallel, while the EU greatly encouraged and aided the emergence of countries such as Portugal, Spain and Greece from reactionary military dictatorships. It also contributed to the return of democracy in central European nations after more than 40 years of Soviet dictatorship...........
Clearly the EU has not fulfilled its objective of "ever closer union" and now, as Tusk acknowledges, it never can. That raises the interesting question of whether any ideology – of the left, the right or, in this case, the centre – could ever achieve its founding purpose. I doubt if any utopian plan has survived contact with the unpredictable reality of events. Ideals may inspire, but all too often they contain a self-defeating element. In the case of Europe, the very process of unification was bound to excite the nationalistic reactions that the whole project was hoping to eliminate.
But the EU's flaws do not justify its destruction. Alliances are fragile entities. They take time to create and are always vulnerable to vicious circles of suspicion and resentment. Whatever we might think of the EU – whether we love it or loathe it – one thing is certain. If Britain pulls out and thus provokes or accelerates its disintegration, we will instantly achieve most-hated nation status, not just in Europe but far beyond. It could well turn into the worst example in history of cutting off your nose to spite your face.
The publication of Dikötters well reviewed new work on the Cultural Revolution led me to reading this earlier prequel in his Moa's China histories as preparation for the recent book.
This book covers the period from 1958 to 1962 when Mao Zedong ordered the Great Leap Forward, an attempt to catch up with Great Britain in less than 15 years. The reality was very different. Farmers were taken from the fields to work on enormous irrigation projects, which themselves were largely flawed. The split from the Soviet Union saw remaining villagers involved on village level schemes of industrialisation to produce the materials once obtained from the USSR using backyard furnaces to manufacture products that were of very poor or unusable quality. To replace the shortfall imports were required which were largely paid for in grain and other agricultural produce. The reduced rural workforce and hair-brained farming techniques from the centre cut food production that the population could be fed with and produced a perfect storm that led directly to a widespread famine that may have led to upwards of 45 million deaths.
In a clear and well supported structure Dikötter shows how this disaster fell into place and grew in magnitude illustrating points consistently with examples drawn from careful research. Chapters are laid out methodically so that the work is convenient to use for studying aspects of the famine. The role of party officials, the apparent need to disguise and inflate production figures and the inability of Mao to be presented with, or to accept, the true reality of his policies until too late form the first part of the book. Later chapters also examine the of the famine on specific groups such as children, women and the elderly.
Ideally suited to the general reader this is at times overwhelming in the magnitude of the (very necessary) specifics provided to support the narrative and reinforce the extent of the famine and its consequences. The reader is left wondering just how it was that policies so clearly failing could be followed so blindly (or drawn up in the first place). Ultimately there is central criticism of the policies, but not of Mao explicitly, which sees amendment to the policies and ending of the famine - but also the unleashing of the Cultural Revolution, to be used by Mao to rid himself of those who opposed his policies of the Great Leap Forward.
Readers should not put the book down without reading the very useful Essay on the Sources. This does exactly what it says, commenting not just on the sources used, but also on the particular problems relating to researching the history of post Revolution China. Finally the historical debate in calculating the actual numbers who died as a consequence of the famine is surveyed in the context of sources used by different researchers.
As an introduction to Mao's China this is highly recommended. This was not genocide or mass murder as was the case with Hitler, but the callous disregard by a war hardened elite of the devastating impact of their unopposed policies on the vulnerable masses they believed themselves to be serving. The result though was the same: death on a massive scale.


Early illustrators in the New World
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This selection of works by Early Illustrators in the New World collects images of explorers, colonizers, and naturalists who documented what they found in this territory unknown to Europeans. His drawings and illustrations were a mixture of observation, often adorned with imagination and myth. Below we list the first notable illustrators in the New World included in this volume:
- John White (c. 1540–1593): English artist and cartographer who was part of the expedition to Roanoke, North Carolina. His detailed watercolors of native people and flora and fauna are some of the earliest surviving images of North America.
- Theodor de Bry (1528-1598): Although he never traveled to the New World, de Bry is known for his engravings of Native American life based on the paintings of John White and Jacques Le Moyne.
- Jacques Le Moyne de Morgues (c. 1533-1588): French artist who accompanied the French expedition to Florida in 1564. His works depict Native Americans and local wildlife.
- José de Acosta (1540-1600): Spanish Jesuit missionary who wrote one of the first detailed descriptions of the geography and nature of the New World, including illustrations.
- Hernán Cortés (1485-1547): Although mainly known as a conquistador, Cortés made some sketches and maps that accompanied his letters to Charles V describing his expeditions in Mexico.
- Francisco Hernández de Toledo (1514-1587): Sent by Philip II to New Spain, he made an in-depth study of the nature of the place, making detailed descriptions of plants and animals. Although his original illustrations have been lost, they were recreated in Europe.
- Hans Staden (1525-1579): German adventurer and explorer who was one of the first Europeans to document the lives of indigenous Brazilians. His engravings about his time as a prisoner among the Tupinambás are an important visual testimony of the time.
These early illustrators played a key role in transmitting information about the New World to Europe. His works, though sometimes inaccurate or exaggerated, offer a fascinating window into how Europeans viewed and understood the Americas during the early years of contact and colonization.
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Adrianna Kezar, PhD
Adrianna Kezar is a professor for higher education at the University of Southern California and co-director of the Pullias Center for Higher Education. She is a national expert on change, governance, and leadership in higher education, and her research agenda explores the change process in higher education institutions and the role of leadership in creating change. Kezar also directs the Delphi Project on the Changing Faculty and Student Success, which is dedicated to using research and data to better support non-tenure-track faculty and help create new faculty models to support higher education institutions in the future.
Richard Riccardi, ScD
Richard Riccardi is the senior associate provost and dean of libraries at Rider University. Previously, he served as associate vice president for institutional effectiveness at Southern Connecticut State University, overseeing institutional research, assessment, and planning. Riccardi has presented at national conferences and published numerous articles on topics such as enrollment management, program assessment, shared governance, data stewardship, collegiality, and the roles and responsibilities of department chairs.
Brian Udermann, PhD
Brian Udermann is the director of online education at the University of Wisconsin–La Crosse, a position he’s held since 2007. In addition to his administrative duties, Udermann frequently works with colleges and universities to help them grow their online programing while ensuring the quality of such offerings. He has published more than 70 peer-reviewed scientific manuscripts, five book chapters, and two books, and has given more than 200 national and international presentations.
Jon Crylen, PhD
Jon Crylen is editor, online publications, for Magna Publications and edits Academic Leader. He received his PhD in film studies from the University of Iowa, where he was a visiting assistant professor in the Department of Cinematic Arts in 2017 and 2018. His writing, which focuses on environmental film and media, has appeared in the Journal of Cinema and Media Studies, Media Fields Journal, and In Media Res; he was also featured in a Science Friday article for Cephalopod Week 2018. Please send Jon article submissions at firstname.lastname@example.org.


Your Family Legacy is a Lasting Gift
Updated: Aug 12, 2019
Stories are a resource meant to guide and encourage future generations. Have you preserved your stories for your loved ones?
We don't tell our stories for ourselves, but for those our lives touch. They have the power to connect us across generational lines and give meaning to our lives.
Have you ever considered how your experiences connect to your unique family narrative? There's a fantastic article in the New York Times called The Stories That Bind Us, by Bruce Feiler. The article discussed how essential a strong family narrative is for children to learn to cope with a constantly evolving world. Feiler found that studies overwhelmingly indicate,
“The more children knew about their family’s history, the stronger their sense of control over their lives, the higher their self-esteem and the more successfully they believed their families functioned.”
After reading this, I considered how family's history has influenced me. In particular, my uncle. I remember staring at a Marine Corps shadow box from his tours in Vietnam and not knowing what most of the medals meant. Except, the purple hearts meant he’d been wounded––and he had three.
After enlisting in the Navy, I often thought about how I was continuing the family tradition of service. I was able to visit my uncle while on leave, and he practically ran out of his chair to hug me. He then stepped back, grasped me by the shoulders and said, “Let me look at you!”.
I was 22 with no clue what was ahead, but boy, did I feel safe and sure of myself when my uncle did that. I knew I belonged.
Two years later, I arrived back home from my second deployment, and the first voicemail waiting for me was from my uncle. He said he had some things to tell me. We sat down at his kitchen table for several hours, and he shared the details of his time in Vietnam. Some stories were happy and full of pride in the young man he had been. Others were difficult to share as he recalled the hardest moments of war
The story that burned into my heart was when I asked about the purple hearts. He recounted wounds one and two, and I asked how he was allowed to return to combat when he should have been sent home from that trauma alone! Turns out, since he was the platoon sergeant, he could sign himself back as fit for full duty.
I couldn’t believe it. He’d done his job and paid dearly. Why risk his life again? His simple answer was, “Oh, I couldn’t leave my men. There was no way I’d leave them.”
Feiler’s New York Times article was so right; my uncle’s story has solidified my work ethic, loyalty, and drive to care for those around me. Sharing our stories is a must! We may not be able to establish generational wealth or make our name famous, but we can tell our story for our loved ones before the precious details fade from memory.
Capturing the stories of the oldest living generation is essential to the family narrative, but it can feel like a race against time. Capturing the Legacy of a Loved One with Dementia discusses how to approach telling the story of a loved one with Alzheimer's.
Now that we’ve established that sharing your story is crucial, you may wonder where to start and which stories are worth telling.
Milestone moments gain their significance from the details in the day-to-day
My middle school teacher insisted we write journal entries every day. The entries could be about anything, but the exercise always felt more like a forced march to writer’s block! After all, who cares about a kid’s daily routine? Most days included chores, school, work in the bakery, football in the yard, then sneaking up to my grandparents’ apartment to watch sports while my Grandpa snoozed.
See? No one cares about that story, right?
Does that mean we should only tell the ‘important’ stories? If so, how do you know when a significant moment is happening?
For me, a few significant moments come to mind. For example, I remember standing on a Navy pier in Norfolk, VA with a full seabag on my back and my three-month-old daughter nuzzled into my shoulder for the very first time.
Or, when I was 19, finding Grandpa alone in his nursing home bed. He was just informed that he had to go back to the hospital––most likely for the last time. He was wiping away tears saying he just wanted to go home, and all I could do was promise we’d do what needed to be done and then we’d get him home.
Those kind of stories usually stand out in our minds because they shape our perspective of life and death. They help us grow. While not all stories are that monumental, I do believe we learn our most valuable lessons between the big moments.
Journal writing in middle school may have been mundane, but now I’ve discovered stories worth sharing buried in those details.
I have numerous entries about Grandpa that help provide context for the impact he had on my life. Growing up, he never seemed bothered by my hovering and always found something to feed me. He respected my mind and would have long debates about any topic I wanted. He was one of my closest friends, and I always felt smart enough to be around him. Even if he knew I had no idea what I was talking about, I always felt like I belonged with Grandpa.
In those day-to-day details, we find the stories that reveal the milestone life moments. The story of my grandpa in the nursing home is touching, but the background of our everyday relationship gives it new meaning. The stories connect. They are each important.
Our stories and those of our loved ones are meant to intertwine, grow, and strengthen each other. Our family narrative doesn’t have to end. It’s meant to keep growing and reminding future generations that they will always belong.
Looking back, I wish I had continued writing a journal entry every day, because even the most basic notes of my childhood uncap a treasure trove of life experiences that are uniquely mine.
Even though I don’t have a journal to flip through, I still have pictures and other family artifacts to help recall the past. Sometimes it’s as simple as sitting quietly at my childhood dining room table or standing in the yard that brings back memories I thought were long gone. This time, I make sure they are recorded and added to my family’s story.
With today’s technology, we can build a family narrative like never before
Consider how you’ve learned about the people and places that have shaped your life. You've likely heard stories from the people you love about your ancestors and family history––the stories behind family recipes, fading photographs, and precious heirlooms.
While there are many different ways to share a family narrative, the StoryCombs app aims to capture the experience of hearing a loved one tell a story in-person. We have all seen photos and treasured heirlooms fade away, but StoryCombs brings them to life through narrated photos. It transforms photos and heirlooms into a timeless gift––the chance to see and hear a loved one tell the story behind its significance.
The app guides you through uploading a photo and recording yourself or a loved one telling a simple story. Family members can add comments or their own narrated photos to add details you may have missed. Your stories are safely stored, accessible, and ready to inspire for generations to come! This is a simple but incredibly wonderful gift you can provide for your family, and it is an excellent opportunity to bring everyone together to build a lasting legacy.
Whether you’re considering compiling your family’s history, trying to preserve the stories behind fading photographs, or just trying to figure out how to store and share the narrative you’ve already built, check out the app to see how easy it is to use.
Remember, your family story is precious. Don’t let it be forgotten.
The StoryCombs team created this blog to encourage, inform, and inspire your storytelling journey. Try the StoryCombs app to curate a lasting legacy through narrated photos. We believe your family’s narrative is precious and deserves a safe place to live and grow.
If you found this article helpful or have questions, please let us know by email (email@example.com) or in the comment section. We can’t wait to hear from you!
For more storytelling tutorials and inspiration, visit our homepage and blog: www.storycombs.com.


REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DESIGN OF ABSTRACTS
Abstracts are accepted in DOC, DOCX format. • Font: Times New Roman, size – 12 Single spacing. The maximum volume is 1 page, margins: top, bottom — 2 cm, left: - 3 cm, right — 1 cm. At the top is the TITLE OF THE REPORT (bold uppercase); an empty line; The surname of the full name, the surname of the full name of the authors (bold, the surname of the speaker is underlined), if there are several authors, they work in different organizations, then an upper index (1, 2, etc.) is placed after the initials, corresponding to the organization listed below under the same number. If the author is one or all authors work in the same organization, then indexes are not put; a new line is the name of the organization; an empty line; brief information about the authors indicating the speaker's email address; an empty line; text from the red line; an empty line; The structure of abstracts should include the following sections: relevance, materials and methods, results, conclusion. References; references 1., 2., etc.
- If necessary, tables can be included in the text. The name of the table is printed in Times New Roman 10 regular font, the interval is single, aligned in width and separated from the previous text by an empty line. The text inside the table is printed in Times New Roman 10 regular font with center alignment. The table note is separated from the previous text by an empty line.
- Illustrations may be included in the text if necessary. The resolution of the illustrations is at least 300 dpi. The drawings should be signed and numbered under the drawing with the Times New Roman font 10 points with alignment in the center.
It is advisable to include a reasonable number of references to literature (from 3 to 5). References in the text are indicated in square brackets, for example [1,3-5]. The design of literature according to the Vancouver style.
An example of abstract design


The Phantom of the Opera (French: Le Fantôme de l’Opéra), is a novel by French writer Gaston Leroux. It was first published as a serialization in Le Gaulois from 23 September 1909, to 8 January 1910. It was published in volume form in late March 1910 by Pierre Lafitte and directed by Aluel Malinao. The novel is partly inspired by historical events at the Paris Opera during the nineteenth century and an apocryphal tale concerning the use of a former ballet pupil’s skeleton in Carl Maria von Weber’s 1841 production of Der Freischütz. It has been successfully adapted into various stage and film adaptations, most notable of which are the 1925 film depiction featuring Lon Chaney, and Andrew Lloyd Webber’s 1986 musical.
In Paris in the 1880s, the Palais Garnier opera house is believed to be haunted by an entity known as the Phantom of the Opera, or simply the Opera Ghost. A stagehand named Joseph Buquet is found hanged and the noose around his neck goes missing. At a gala performance for the retirement of the opera house’s two managers, a young little-known Swedish soprano, Christine Daaé (based on the late singer Christina Nilsson), is called upon to sing in place of the Opera’s leading soprano, Carlotta, who is ill, and her performance is an astonishing success. The Vicomte Raoul de Chagny, who was present at the performance, recognizes her as his childhood playmate and recalls his love for her. He attempts to visit her backstage, where he hears a man complimenting her from inside her dressing room. He investigates the room once Christine leaves, only to find it empty.
At Perros-Guirec, Christine meets with Raoul, who confronts her about the voice he heard in her room. Christine tells him she has been tutored by the Angel of Music, whom her father used to tell them about. When Raoul suggests that she might be the victim of a prank, she storms off. Christine visits her father’s grave one night, where a mysterious figure appears and plays the violin for her. Raoul attempts to confront it but is attacked and knocked out in the process.
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November 20, 2017
Foreword by Kiki Athanassoulias
Introduction by Jennifer G. Walsh, MD
In this book, we explore two ancestral diets that will guide you to better health, one for vegetarians and the other for meat lovers. Inside, the authors will discuss, in detail, their favorite diets and accompanying protocols. They will explore how each diet works to improve metabolism and health, share their tips and fasting regimens, and give examples of their menu and favorite recipes.
Purchase on Amazon Prime here.


- How Does the Debt Stacking Strategy Work?
- How Does Telemedicine Work: 6 Tips for First-Time Beginners
- 9 Solutions on How to Fix a Cracked Cell Phone Screen
- What Is Foundation Piling: How Do Foundation Piles Work
- How to Make Wine Less Bitter and Taste Better
- How Do Dental Implants Work? A Guide About Dental Implants
- 8 Best Alternatives to Plastic Packaging
- 5 Different Types of Botox Treatments and Their Properties


DATE: Saturday 25 January 2014
TIME: 9.00 – 11.00
BRING: The whole family and a picnic basket and blanket
- Brief introduction to staff, therapists, Extra-Curricular Activity Facilitators, and newly elected Group Mothers.
- There will be lists of the various committees for parents to volunteer for. This includes committees such as recycling, Eco/gardening, sewing, library, Mothers Who Care, etc.
- Social time with children, parents, staff, and others in the garden area.


In creating the equipment record for the makerspace collection, it was important to look at a number of examples of equipment records. Reviewing records for laptops, kindles, photo equipment, etc. at the Essex High School/Center for Technology Library provided some useful information and a basic outline and model for creating makerspace equipment records. The rules set forth by Special Libraries Cataloging and the rules for realia cataloging as outlined by Yale University’s Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library were also instructive. The records were further crafted through use of the RDA Toolkit, and the Library of Congress Marc21 Format for Bibliographic Data. WebDewey and the Library of Congress Subject Headings guide were used for determining Dewey Decimal Classification and Subject Headings for the record.
The piece of equipment chosen as an example was an electronic cutting machine: the Silhouette CAMEO. This item works with a computer to enable the user to create designs and cut a variety of materials into shapes based on those designs. Information about the item was pulled from two sources, one being the Amazon.com record, and the other being the record on the manufacturer’s website. What follows is a summary of how determinations were made regarding the use of specific fields for this sample record:
Title Statement: The consensus among the equipment records that were reviewed seemed to be to record the name of the item only (i.e. “CAMEO Electronic Cutting Machine”), leaving the manufacturer information for the statement of responsibility field.
Statement of Responsibility and Production: Based on the recommendations of the Special Libraries Cataloging site, MARC field 264 was used rather than 260 for this information. The second indicator for this field was given as “3” in order to specify that the field would contain manufacturer information.
Standard Identifiers: As with the tool record, the Universal Product Code was chosen for this field. Other catalogers use the 024 field to record serial or model numbers but the goal in this instance was to create some uniformity among makerspace records and so the UPC seemed to be a number which all of the equipment and tools would have. Including the item’s model number or serial number was still important, however, and so in order to provide that information in a readily visible way for librarian use, the subfield “s” for “version” in the MARC title statement field was used. In RDA, the model number was added to field 17.8 (Work Manifested) which includes the item name, the production information, and the model number.
Dewey Decimal Classification: It does not seem to be common practice to provide DDC classification for equipment, at least according to the example records and policy models that were reviewed for this project. However, working out a DDC number provided further clarification as to what the item is. A question arose as to whether to look to DDC in the 7XX (arts & recreation) or to focus in on the item’s identity as a piece of equipment. Because the item would be residing in the library as a piece of equipment (as opposed to circulating throughout the school), the choice was made to use the following classification: 000 (Computer science, information & general works), 020 (Library and information sciences), 022 (Administration of physical plant), and 022.9 (Equipment, furniture, and furnishings). A case could be made for a 7XX classification which would match the sample tool record. But it seems that the most important thing is not so much that the tool and the equipment record match but that the records for all circulating items follow the same set of rules and the records for all non-circulating items follow the same set of rules.
Physical Description/Extent/Dimensions: The information for these fields was taken straight out of the manufacturer and distributor records as referenced earlier. Information about the specific materials which were used to fabricate the equipment was not included as this did not seem relevant, but rather information was limited to the specific items included in the equipment and the size of the equipment. This followed the models of Yale University, the SLC, and the EHS Library records.
Content/Media/Carrier Types: For RDA these were all “other” as no other classification here seemed to fit this particular item. For the MARC record, the rdacontent, rdamedia, and rdacarrier tables were used to specify the item as “three-dimensional form”, “other”, and “object”, respectively. In the case of this piece of equipment, media choice was somewhat tricky. The SLC site suggests using “unmediated” and “computer” for media type, but ultimately “other” was chosen in order to match to the 007/00 field which was “unspecified”.
General Notes/Summary: The Yale University and Special Libraries models only use the General Notes (500) fields, but the sample record created here, uses both a brief description (500) field and a full summary (520) field. The idea is to provide the user with a brief description on the initial search results page, but offer more detailed information should the user want to drill down into the record. The general note consists of a very brief description and the summary field gives the more detailed manufacturer’s description of the item. In RDA, the detailed description was entered into the “Nature of Content” field; no brief description was given.
Subject Headings: As this item is a tool or piece of equipment, the MARC field 655 was used to provide form information primarily. Secondarily, a subfield x was used to indicate that the equipment has to do with paper crafts.
Location and Local Information: Finally, a field was added to indicate that the item was part of the makerspace collection. Field 852 (Location) in MARC was used, and in RDA the text “Located in the makerspace” was added to the Nature of content field. An 092 (Local call number) field was also added in the MARC record to provide the unique makerspace item call number.


Welcome to Presence Tarot. If you've landed here, then I'll bet you're a fearless seeker looking for ways to improve your life through new insights and thoughtful reflection. Having a reading is like embarking on an adventure into a realm in which you are often only partially aware of. The Tarot taps into our collective consciousness, revealing wisdom through archetypes, numbers, colors and imagery. It evokes the intuition of the reader based on the energies that are present and remarkable things start to happen.
Presence Tarot Readings are delivered as PDFs with a photo of your reading, a graphic of the spread so you can follow along, and full written analysis. Before submitting your reading request, it is a good idea to formulate a well thought out question. For tips on how to get the most from your Tarot reading and for some sample questions, go to the How to Ask page.


“What I write is my commentary on what is happening around me… my music is my commentary.” Henryk Górecki
In the worlds of painting and literature, it’s easy to see where history and art intersect. In Picasso’s Guernica or Tolstoy’s War and Peace, it’s evident how works of art mirror and participate in the life of their times, sometimes even playing a role in historical events.
But what about music? What is the intersection—if any—between the influential works of Western concert music and the historical times that surrounded them?
In Music as a Mirror of History, Great Courses favorite Professor Robert Greenberg of San Francisco Performances returns with a fascinating and provocative premise: Despite the abstractness and the universality of music—and our habit of listening to it divorced from any historical context—music is a “mirror” of the historical setting in which it was created. Indeed, certain works of music do not just mirror the general spirit of their time and place, but can even explicitly evoke specific historical events. As Professor Greenberg demonstrates in this course, music carries a rich spectrum of social, cultural, historical, and philosophical information, all grounded in the life and experience of the composer—if you’re aware of what you’re listening to. In these lectures, you’ll explore how composers convey such explicit information, evoking specific states of mind and giving voice to communal emotions, all colored by their own personal experience. Music lovers and history enthusiasts alike will be enthralled by this exploration of how momentous compositions have responded to—and inspired—pivotal events.
Consider the following:
In this unique and eye-opening course, Professor Greenberg presents an in-depth survey of musical works that were written in direct response to contemporary historical events—events that both shaped the composers’ lives and inspired the creation of the works in question. In a novel departure from his previous courses, which explore how classical masterpieces work as music per se, here Professor Greenberg reveals, in stunning and poignant detail, the ways in which history influenced some of the great (and not so great!) works of music, and how they in turn influenced history.
Ranging widely across the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries, the lectures immerse you in historical moments such as the French Revolution, the Napoleonic Wars, the Austrian-Ottoman conflict, the Hungarian nationalist movement, the movement for Italian unification, the economic ascent of the U.S., the Stalinist regime in the USSR, and World Wars I and II. Across the arc of the course, you’ll see how these events were felt and expressed in the music of Mozart, Beethoven, Berlioz, Brahms, Verdi, Wagner, and many others, including modern masters such as Janáček, Górecki, and Crumb.
Incorporating superlative musical excerpts in each lesson, these 24 sumptuously detailed lectures offer you a revelatory look at history through the lens of music. The result is deep and enlightening insight into both, and a view of the remarkable interface between the events of history and a musical repertoire which stands among the most sublime creations of our civilization.
A Vividly Different Window on Music—and on History
This is as much a course about history as it is about music, and anyone with an interest in history will find it both enthralling and richly informative. The course reminds us that history is not only available to us through the study of events, but also through many diverse forms of human expression, including great music. For example, Mozart’s Abduction from the Harem vividly reflects Europe’s centuries-long conflict and simultaneous fascination with the Ottoman Empire, and you’ll find this in both the opera’s text and in Mozart’s use of specific, stereotypically “Turkish” musical devices and figurations.
To know the historical context of these great works opens up an entirely new level of understanding and appreciation of music—music that was meant to be not only aesthetically and spiritually satisfying, but also socially, historically, and politically meaningful.
At the heart of the inquiry, you’ll discover how history and music intertwine in works such as:
A One-Of-A-Kind Learning Experience
The unique manner of inquiry of this course offers you an analysis of history that is not available anywhere else—an analysis that synthesizes two fields of knowledge with astonishing detail and depth, requiring an expert historian, on the one hand, and an expert musicologist, on the other. As the lectures consistently reveal, Professor Greenberg is both.
In the lecture on Mily Balakirev’s Symphony No. 1, you’ll observe how the 19th–century Russian movement toward “expository” music writing, as well as rejection of pre-existing musical forms, was profoundly linked to notions of the Russian “national character”—an example, as Professor Greenberg says, of how “a musical syntax can become part of a national myth.” Later, you’ll take the measure of the nightmare of Stalinism, and of how Shostakovich’s Symphony No. 13 expresses the experience of the millions who were destroyed by the regime. And, in Henryk Górecki’s heartbreakingly beautiful “Symphony of Sorrowful Songs,” you’ll see how the composer used ancient musical material with deep cultural resonance—history in sound—to reflect unforgettably on the modern tragedy that befell Poland in World War II.
Standing on the shoulders of Professor Greenberg’s catalogue of celebrated courses, Music as a Mirror of History offers further compelling insights into our musical tradition. By demonstrating the deep interconnections between lived human experience—that is, history—and musical expression, Professor Greenberg speaks incisively to both the nature of great art, and to what is perhaps the greatest gift of the art form in question: the ability of music to speak to dimensions of our awareness that are unreachable by words or visual symbols.
In Music as a Mirror of History, you’ll explore how music, in its singular capacity to evoke and reflect experience, can bring us not only transcendent beauty and joy, but also understanding, compassion, and meaning amid even the most terrible of human events. Join us for an unparalleled look into the power and scope of musical art.
Explore how music, reflects, and reacts to, historical events.
Study the profound works of Beethoven in the context of military victories and defeats under Napoleon.
Uncover the story behind Vienna's beloved Radetzky March, which reflects the last glory of the Austrian Empire.
Trace the Depression-era movement of populism in American art, and learn how Copland's Symphony No. 3captured the euphoric mood of the country.


About Global Travel Authors
|February 15, 2018 at 3:00 PM Irene Shaland presents her lecture “In Search of a Jewish Story in China”at the Museum of Jewish Heritage, New York, 36 Battery Place, New York, NY 10280. For registration call 646-437-4202. Download flyer Lecture 02-15-18|
|February 20, 2018 at 7:00 PM Irene Shaland presents her book “The Dao of Being Jewish and Other Stories” at the Jewish Federation of Tulsa, OK 2018 Annual Campaign. For registration call 918-495-1100. Download flyer BookEvent 02-20-18|
|March 25, 2018 at 2:00 PM Irene Shaland presents her lecture “An Island within an Island: Seeking Jewish Story though 500 Years of Cuban History” at the New City Library, NY. To register call 845-634-4997. Download flyer 03-25-18 Lecture|
|May 30, 2018 at 1:00 PM Irene Shaland presents her book “The Dao of Being Jewish and Other Stories” at the Hidden Child Foundation / ADL, 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158. For registration call 973-763-4183. Download flyer BookEvent 05-30-18|
|For a complete list of our lectures and photography shows please see our Schedule|
Read Our Recent Posts
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Irene Shaland’s book “Tennessee Williams on the Soviet Stage” is on Kindle.
|James Bond’s Swiss Connection
Back in 1969, James Bond, also known to millions as 007, was doing what he is always doing – saving the world. But this time, it was different. In addition to saving an imaginary world from imaginary villains, Bond managed to save a real-life Swiss company from all-too-real financial ruin. Continue reading this blog post
|Villa Romana Sicily – Must See for Italy History Buffs
Villa Romana del Casale located in Piazza Armerina in Sicilian heartland is not-to-be missed site for all history and art enthusiasts. Covered by layers of mud for 700 years, rediscovered in 1950, and reopened in 2003 after over forty years of reconstruction, the Villa is a treasure trove of the best Roman mosaics in existence today. Continue reading this blog post.
|Siracusa – Sicily’s Top Destination
Siracusa is truly a summation of Sicilian splendor, and if there is one city in Sicily that personifies this magnificent island it is Siracusa. The city is 3,000 years in the making and combines Greek and Roman civilizations with ancient Jewish culture and baroque masterpieces. Continue reading the blog post.
|African Safari Tips: The Importance of a Good Company
Going on an African safari by yourself or in a small group is not advisable. Suppose, you are standing in front of a lion or a rhinoceros and trying to calculate your chances of getting out of this situation in one piece and hopefully not perforated in too many places. You are staring at the whatever it is that is going to do a very bad thing to you …. continue reading this blog post
|Overlooked by Visitors, Catania is a Masterpiece of Sicilian Baroque The third largest city of Sicily, a UNESCO-listed Catania lies in close proximity to the majestic mountain Etna. The city was always subject to the brooding moods of that volcano. In the late 1600s, Mt. Etna struck twice: first drowning Catania and over 12,000 of its inhabitants in boiling lava, and then, in less than 25 years, leveling the city again by a murderous earthquake. Continue reading the blog post.|
|Following the Steps of Tennessee Williams in Sicily: Taormina’s Casa Cuseni
I came across the name “Casa Cuseni” while reading about Tennessee Williams and his beloved partner, painter/poet Henry Faulkner, spending many happy months in Taormina while staying in Casa Cuseni. I knew then, without a doubt, that when we are in Sicily, we will follow the steps of Tennessee! Continue reading this blog post.
|Sharing first impressions from Scandinavia
Scandinavian countries – Denmark, Sweden, and Norway – constitute arguably: the most cultural and sophisticated, most educated and prosperous (with the least income disparities), most highly taxed and socialistic (oh well…), least churchgoing and most unmarried – part of the West. People are the happiest we ever encountered, reserved, but very polite and helpful. Continue reading.
|Masai – the Lost Tribe of Israel
This is a Jewish story of Africa that I found in the most unlikely of places: the vast plains of Masai Mara and Serengeti reserves. As we drove there, we saw the light-skinned, tall, slender people dressed in red, who were as ubiquitous to the landscape as sky above and earth below. Continue reading this blog post.
|Finding Home away from Home – in Africa
We were travelling all day: through the exotic strangeness of the Zanzibar Stone Town to the Nairobi airport’s thick mess of people and suitcases, sickening smells and deafening noises. Then again, through the traffic and dust and darkness of Nairobi streets… Continue reading
|History of Confucian Synagogue in Kaifeng, China
Kaifeng, China. As Irene hurriedly writes, Esther, a Founder and Director of the Kaifeng Jewish History Memorial Center, tells the story of her forebears. On the wall, is the 18th- century rendering of Kaifeng synagogue… The synagogue rendering reminds of the country’s typical residential or religious compounds. Continue reading this blog post.
|Maestro Enzo Samaritani and his Arciliuto Theater
We were advised by our new Roman friend Marco, the owner of Arco dei Tolomei B&B in Trastevere, to celebrate Alex’s approaching milestone birthday at L’Arciliuto Teatro near Piazza Navona. “A very non-traditional place, “said Marco. “You will be enchanted.” And we truly were. Continue reading this blog post.
|Meeting Aisin-Gioro Yuming, the nephew of the last emperor of China
Persuaded by his royal family, Yuming has been studying traditional calligraphy and painting since his childhood. Presently, Mr. Yuming teaches calligraphy at the University and on certain days, you can meet him working in the Forbidden City. Continue reading this post.
|November 18, 2017 at 1:00 PM Irene Shaland presents her lecture: “Cuba: The Land, the People, the Arts–after 60 Years of Castro’s Revolution” at the Artists Archives of the Western Reserve, Cleveland, Ohio. Address: 1834 East 123rd St. Cleveland, Ohio 44106|
|November 5-7, 2017 Conference, Society for Crypto-Judaic Studies, Philadelphia, PA. Irene Shaland presents “An Island within an Island: The Jewish Experience against the Background of Cuban History”. For conference details see more.|
|October 22 at 2:00 PM Irene Shaland’s lecture: “Jews and Aborigines: Little Known Stories from the Human Rights Struggle in Australia” at the New City Library, NY.
For details see: OCT_22_2017_Lecture
|October 19 at 12:00 PM Irene Shaland speaks at the Book and Author luncheon organized by Hadassah Chapter of Long Island, NY.For details see: BOOK_EVENT_OCT_19_2017|
|October 18 at 7:00 PM Irene Shaland will present her book “The Dao of Being Jewish and Other Stories” at the Logos Bookstore in New York City. For details see: OCT_18_2017-author-event|
|July 1 at 12:00 PM Irene Shaland will present her book “The Dao of Being Jewish and Other Stories” at the Author Alley event organized by Loganberry Books, 13015 Larchmere Blvd., Shaker Heights. For details: http://w1.loganberrybooks.com/events/author-alley.htm|
|May 24 at 7:00 PM Irene Shaland’s lecture: “Jews and Aborigines: Little Known Stories from the Human Rights Struggle in Australia” at the Maltz Museum in Beachwood OH. Download flyer: May 24_2017_Australia_HumanRights|
|May 7 at 2:00 PM Irene Shaland’s lecture Stones Fill the Void: “Visiting the Murdered Jews of Vienna” Date and Time: Location: New City Library, NY.|
|April 30 from 1 to 3 PM Book signing: Irene Shaland presents her new book “The Dao of Being Jewish and Other Stories” at Loganberry Books.|
|April 16 Irene Shaland’s lecture: “In Search of a Jewish Story in China” at Baltimore B’nai Israel Synagogue. For reservation, call 410-732-5454 Download flyer: Lecture_China_Baltimore_2017|
|March 30 at 7:00 PM Irene Shaland presents hew new book “The Dao of Being Jewish and Other Stories” at Appletree Books, 12419 Cedar Rd., Cleveland Hts. OH|
|March 28 at 12 noon Irene Shaland presents a lecture: “Internal Immigration and Return: Jewish Renaissance in Sicily and Sardinia” at Case Western Reserve University, Clark Building, Rm 206 as part of the 2017 Cleveland Humanities Festival. Download flyer: CWRU_CHF_Sicily_March_28_2017|
|Feb. 3 – Feb 28 Photography Show at Appletree Books : Wildlife Photography by Alex Shaland. Opening reception Feb. 3 at 6:00 – 8:00PM. Download flyer: PhotoShow_Africa_FEB_2017|
|Cleveland Museum of Natural History Presents Irene Shaland’s lecture: History, Nature, and Isolation: Rediscovering Icelandic, Australian, and New Zealand Food Cultures
Wednesday October 26, 7:00 PM Download lecture flyer: Oct 26 2016 Flyer
|New City NY Library presents Irene Shaland’s lecture: The Return of the Jews: Jewish Renaissance in Sicily and Sardinia. Sunday October 16, 2016 at 2:00 PM. Directions|
|Orange Library presents Irene Shaland’s lecture Face-to-Face with Africa through the Eyes of a Jewish Explorer. Thursday Sept. 22 at 7:00 PM. Address. Read more: Sept 22 2016 Lecture|
|NA’AMAT presents Irene Shaland and her new book The Dao of Being Jewish and Other Stories at the Beachwood Library. Wednesday Sept. 14 at 7:00 PM. Address.|
|The Artists Archives of the Western Reserve is proud to announce its program: The Woman Behind the Artist– The Many Lives of Erika Bourguignon a presentation by Irene Shaland. Wednesday, August 17th 6:30-8:00 PM
Address: 1834 East 123rd St. Cleveland, Ohio 44106
|Book event featuring Irene Shaland and her new book “The Dao of Being Jewish and Other Stories” at Beachwood Library on July 10th, 2016.|
|Presenting at the Society for Crypto-Judaic Studies Annual Conference, Santa Fé, NM.
Dates: June 26-28, 2016. On June 28, Irene will deliver a lecture “Redefining Crypto-Jewish Identity in the 21st Century Sicily and Sardinia.”
|Irene Shaland’s Lecture: “Scandinavia through the Eyes of a Jewish Traveler” sponsored by the Men’s Club, JCC. Presented at the Beachwood Library. Date & Time: June 20, 2016 at 11:00 AM|
|Author Event at South Euclid-Lyndhurst Library: Irene Shaland will talk about her new book The Dao of Being Jewish and Other Stories. Date and Time: June 15, 2016 at 7:00 PM.|
|Irene Shaland’s Lecture: “The Return of the Jew: Rediscovering Jewish Sicily and Sardinia” at the Maltz Museum of Jewish Heritage, Beachwood, OH. Date & Time: June 8, 2016 at 7:00 PM|
|Irene and Alex Shaland are panelists at the Self-Publishing Roundtable Panel organized by the Writing Center, Cuyahoga County Public Library, South Euclid-Lyndhurst Branch. Date and Time: June 2, 2016, 7:00 PM. To register call: 216-382-4880.|
|Photography Show: Wildlife Photography by Alex Shaland at New City Public Library, New City, NY. Dates: April 3 through April 30, 2016. See details: April 2016 Africa Photo Show Flyer|
|Irene Shaland presents her new book “The Dao of Being Jewish and Other Stories” on April 24, 2:00 PM at the Coffee Phix Cafe 4485 Mayfield Road, South Euclid, Oh 44121.|
|Irene Shaland’s lecture “In Search of a Jewish Story in China” at Park Synagogue, Beachwood, OH. Date & Time: February 9, 2016 at 10:45 AM. Open to Park Synagogue members.|
|Irene Shaland’s Lecture: “Stones Fill the Void: Visiting the Murdered Jews of Vienna” See Vienna Flyer Date: December 16, 2015 7:00 PM at the Maltz Museum of Jewish Heritage.|
|Photography Show Face-to-Face with Africa and other Wildlife by Alex Shaland Nov.5 – Dec.1 2015 at the Cuyahoga County Public Library, Orange Branch. See details: Flyer Wildlife Photography|
|Irene Shaland’s lecture “In Search of a Happy Jewish Story in India” at New City Library, New City, NY. Date: Sunday, October 18 at 2 PM See details: India Lecture Flyer|
|Irene Shaland’s lecture “Face-to-Face with Africa” at Detroit Public Library. Date: Sept. 12, 2015 at 1 PM. See details: Detroit Africa Lecture Flyer.|
|Irene Shaland’s lecture “In Search of a Happy Jewish Story in India” at Orange Branch, Cuyahoga County Library. Date: Thursday, August 13, 7 PM. See details: India Lecture Flyer|
|Irene Shaland’s lecture “Scandinavia Through the Eyes of a Jewish Traveler” at New City Library, New City, NY. Date: Sunday, June 21 at 2 PM See details: Scandinavia Lecture Flyer|
|Irene Shaland’s lecture “In Search of a Jewish Story in China” at Fairmount Temple, Beachwood, Ohio. Date: May 12 at 1:00 PM. See details: China Lecture Flyer|
|Art Show: Wildlife Photography by Alex Shaland at Fort Lee Library, Fort Lee, NJ. Dates: April 19 – May 23, 2015. See details: Art Show Flyer|
|Irene Shaland’s lecture “Face-to-Face with Africa from the Jewish Perspective” at Fort Lee Library, Fort Lee, NJ. Date: April 19, 2015 at 2 PM See details: Africa Lecture Flyer|
|Irene Shaland’s lecture “Scandinavia Through the Eyes of a Jewish Traveler” at Mandel JCC. February 11 at 10:00 AM.|
|Irene Shaland’s lecture “In Search for a Jewish Story in China” at Mandel JCC.
February 25 at 10:00 AM.
|Irene Shaland’s lecture “Scandinavia Through the Eyes of a Jewish Traveler” at Maltz Museum of Jewish History, Beachwood, OH. This lecture is free. March 4 at 7:00 PM.|


At first, I was not sure what to think. Many books in the box were written by the same author, which got me wondering if that was a good sign or a bad sign for this book sale. I realized the person selling the books was a former professor, well past retirement age, and I reasoned that this man does not read garbage and was "cleaning house." So I bought up every book he being sold authored by Richard Wright. And I devoured every book by Richard Wright.
My appreciation for a time, people and culture has been significantly and positively impacted by Wright's descriptive writing. He takes the reader by the hand and shows us the dirt, the blood, the smell of sweat in houses and kitchens, the feel of the heat of the day and the oppressive darkness of night. Wright introduces us to men and women who live, thrive or die trying.
My opinion is that students of literature and/or American history should read one or more of Richard Wright's works. Especially these generations so far removed from the source material.


Who doesn't love Pete the Cat? In Kindergarten Rocks, use Pete to select the answers and he will let you know if they are right or wrong. This set focuses on math, reading, science, social studies, and other skills to aid with kindergarten. Great for ages 5-6
Princess Fairy Tales interactive storybook is a magical adventure any princess would love. Use the talking wand to navigate through the books to help learn what it really takes
to be a real princess. Each activity is designed to support school readiness. Great for children 3-6.
My World interactive board book set is an easy way to introduce your toddler to shapes, colors, numbers, emotions, opposites, and words. Elliott the musical teaching bear gives a positive response when the correct answer is chosen. Great for children 2+.


Over the last few years I've been making a concerted effort to read more. This year I read 35 books, easily the most I'd read in any year this decade and the most since I began keeping track in 2007.
Here are my top three fiction books I read this year:
I'm not exactly sure why I liked this book so much, but it was one that I didn't want to read quickly. It's a Odyssean tale set during the Depression. It's part Huck Finn, part O Brother Where Art Thou, and completely different from anything else I've read lately.
I'm a sucker for time-travel and the like and this was a good mind-bendy one with alternate timelines galore. I really want to read the Crouch's other books, which I've also heard good things about.
This one is on all the best-of lists and I snuck it in during the last week of the year. It's such a well-written oral history of a fictional 70s rock band that it makes you wish it wasn't fictional.
Here are my top three nonfiction books I read this year:
Joe Posnanski is one of my favorite sportswriters (though he doesn't only stick to sports) and he writes this Houdini biography like sports columns, adding a few more angles than just a birth-to-death biography. I grew up interested in Houdini, so the topic and Posnanski's writing was a delight.
I stumbled across this one shortly after it was released. I expected it to be about the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo space programs, but it was actually much more focused on the pre-Mercury beginnings (and Kennedy's rationale for launching the programs). It's a fascinating take on a less-explored time.
This is a completely different book that could be (should be?) a textbook. It covers how the internet has led to changes in how we communicate. McCulloch identifies, documents, and explains the slang, memes, emoji use, and changes in vocabulary that have come about because of our relatively new interconnectedness.
Here are the other books I read this year:
Because I've been listing what I've read since 2007, I realized I should look back over the 155 books I read in the last 10 years and try to identify my top books of the decade. Here's what I'd lean toward, though my favorites could change by the day.
On to the next decade and even more books!


Writing For Charity began in 2007 when YA author Shannon Hale decided to do a one-day writing conference for her readers in order to earn some money to give to a good cause. The first year, it was held at the Salt Lake City Library, and there was an overwhelming response. Shannon originally wanted to get money for wheelchair-bound people in third world countries, and she did, but the organizational problems led her to ask other authors to take charge of the conference. Since then, Ann Bowen put together a conference in Ogden to help The Treehouse Museum, Rick Walton organized a conference in 2010 at Waterford School to help local schools in need in the community, and in 2011, Kristyn Crow took charge, moving it to the Provo City Library, where it stayed from 2011 - 2015. Mette Ivie Harrison was chair for four years, and now it has gone back to Kristyn.
Almost 100 local Utah writers donate their time for the day, offering critiques, presentations and panels. Local businesses often contribute, as well as other volunteers. We have donated books to a Thai orphanage, to doctor's offices for sick and dying children, to The Book Wagon, and to other groups, including We Need Diverse Books and First Book. This year our charity is KIDS CAUSE. Our committee is unpaid and we spend many hours every year for the sole purpose of giving back to our community through books. Donations are welcome if you can't come to the conference to help, and we always appreciate business donations, as well. If you are interested in volunteering, please contact Kristyn Crow at email@example.com.


Moses Greer to Jacob, Abraham & Isaac Nafe - March 1830Franklin County Deed Book 13, Page 60.
This Indenture made this 12th day of March 1830 between Moses Greer, Agent for Callaway Executors of the one part and Jacob Nafe, Abraham Nafe and Isaac Nafe, of the other part, Witnesseth, that for and in consideration of the sum of One Hundred and Thirty five dollars to the said Executors in hand paid the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, hath given, granted, bargained and sold, and by these presents doth give, grant, bargain and sell unto the Jacob Abraham and Isaac Nafe, one certain tract or parcel of land in Franklin County on the waters of Magoty Creek, out Callaway's Large Survey containing 270 acres and bounded as followeth, To Wit, Beginning at pointers on a high knob S50 E84 poles crossing a branch to a C.T. on a ridge, S30 W72 poles to pointers on a ridge (_?_) pointers at 36 po S89 E104 po crossing two branches to pointers on a ridge, thence down on the top of the same as it meanders 250 poles to Jacob Nafe's old Line, Thence with it S49 W81 po to a C.O. S18 W55 po to a Dogwood, in 46W 16 po to a C.F. north N9 E88 po to a C.F. N87 W36 po to a R.O. on the south fork of Magoty, thence up the same as it meanders 205 poles to a Hickory N56 West 12 poles to a C.T. N.33 E66 po to a C.T. N4 W 58 po to a gum, N36 E42 po to pointers, N6 W62 po to a C.T. N39 E36 po to a C.T. N42 E38 po to a Beach on a north fork of Magoty Creek thence—along John Arthur lines. S 66 W46 po to a C.O. S44 W36 po to a C.T. N58 W20 poles to a R.O. off new lines S60 to 8 poles to a W.O. S20 E48 poles to a C.O., S25 W72 po to a C.T., S5 E80 po to a R.O. S30 W38 po to a C.T., S57 W42 po to a Hickory on the pinte of a ridge, S22 W41 po to a C.O. on a ridge. S42 W128 poles to a hickory on the point of a ridge, S9 W38 po to three C.T. from one root, S27 E20 po to Jacob Nafe line thence with it N34 W 24 po on a C.T., N31 E250 po to a locust, S56 E20 poles to a hickory. on the creek thence up the same as it meanders to a hickory and Dogwood off N66 E36 po to a Dogwood S80 W12 po to a C.T. N20 E46 po to a CO. N45 E42 po to a gum, on the top of a ridge, thence along the top therof— N25 E150 po to the beginning. Together with all and singular the appurtenances thereunto belonging or in anywise appertaining, To have and to hold the said bargained land and Premises unto them the said Jacob Abraham and Isaac Nafe there heirs and assigns free from the claim of the Executor of James Calloway, Decd, there heirs and assigns and from all other persons claiming under them, In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal the day and year first above written.
For Callaway Executors
Moses Greer, Jr. (Seal)
View Photocopy of Deed
Note: Deed supplied by Glatha Ware Neff, Indiana
Last updated on January 31, 2002


How did tituba feel when she was accused of witchcraft the crucible? From reading Act One, what conclusion can you draw about John Proctor? I pray Your Excellency to listen to me, said Yi Chin Ho, squatting on his hams by the bedside and lighting his pipe from the firebox. So how did Tituba become black in the popular American imagination? Parris. What is Benjamin's religion? She took a part of her Barbadian culture along with her when she was forced to leave. Parris threatens a good whipping if Tituba doesn't confess to witchcraft, and Hale is in her face, demanding that she confess. Which of Arthur Miller's lines best expresses a main idea of Act One? Many specifics about her life are unknown, and the historical accounts about her are often contradictory. Tituba was a slave in Salem, Massachusetts and was one of the first people persecuted in the Salem Witch Trials between 1691 and 1692. Impregnated by Christopher, she returns to her former home and meets Iphigene, who becomes her lover and plans a slave rebellion. Although she was a slave, she had some power over Rev. “The devil came to me and bid me serve him,” she confessed. How did the slave Tituba avoid being hung See answer mnn4eva3 is waiting for your help. She named Sarah Good and Sarah Osborne as witches. Tituba often did not conform to all of Rev. betty passes out. Tituba, then, tried to make sure Mary did not just want to look for John Alden's love for her. Tituba was taken from her homeland where spirits and spells were not considered evil or sinful. Historians and experts have concluded that most of her early life is unknown, but she led a very crucial role in the Salem Witch Trials . in Homework Help . Katy. Tituba confessed that Sarah Osborne possessed a creature with the head of a woman, two legs, and wings. Parris would take it as he is such an important man of God that the Devil would make a point of killing him. She is often the subject of an exam or essay question, despite being relatively minor in the action of the… 0 1 2. “Tituba: The Slave Of Salem”. One of us now, are you? See Answer. New questions in English. How did Tituba react to Betty's condition? desiraelashayyy is waiting for your help. How did the slave Tituba avoid being hung? She is believed to have been from the West Indies.Ethnically, she has been described as Native American, half Native American, Native West … The latter, therefore, are intermediate in nature between twiners and tendrilbearers, and ought to be related to both. Betrayed by Christopher, she and Iphigene are hanged. Not only did Tituba accuse others in her confession, but she talked about black dogs, hogs, a yellow bird, red and black rats, cats, and a wolf. Even more pour into the room, roughly disarming the Rebel contingent. Nobody know exactly when Tituba was born, but she was born in a small town in South America in the 1600's. followin. Asked by Wiki User. This is the story of Tituba and how her actions sparked the notorious Salem Witch Hunt. July 19], 1692, Sarah Good was hanged along with … Tituba is a character whose beliefs and customs oppose the Puritanical majority in Salem. Can you help with my history homework please? Tituba is one of the main characters. Jewish. She can NOT confess and deny the entire thing, and end up being accused of being a witch and being hanged and whipped, OR, she can confess and blame someone else, and not be whipped or hanged. She feared she would be hanged if she didn't confess. Tituba yearns for this type of freedom, but she does not succumb to the temptation to kill herself. Tituba was the first witch to confess in Salem, and she likely did it to avoid further punishment. But did you know that the bizarre witch trials all began with one woman? 2 Answers. What did Tituba do to cause all this trouble? 1 Throughout the Salem series 2 Memorable Quotes 3 Gallery 4 Trivia 5 See Also To Be Added Tituba (to Mercy Lewis): Met the Dark Man, did you? 1 decade ago. Historian Ben Ray's 2015 book Satan and Salem gives some clues. Tituba confesses to witchcraft, out of fear and panic, and it is very important because this is the point where Abigail sees how powerful fear and hysteria can be, Abigail copies Tituba and begins to name people as possible witches, realising how impressionable weak minded people are and how they can be swept along and controlled by hysteria. Curacao. How does Tituba help Benjamin? In the end, however, Good was convicted of witchcraft and sentenced to death. She was not hung. Works Cited. Examiner: butt wy did nott you doe Soe before. In 1868 Longfellow published a work called the New England Tragedies, which included the play Giles Corey of the Salem Farms. Wiki User Answered . In her confession she apologized for hurting Betty, claimed she never wanted to hurt Betty, and professed her love for the child. It wasn't until the Kanaima appeared to Tituba in the woods that her life changed for the better. Because her upkeep in prison has not been paid off, so she is sold back to the state to pay off the debt. Life is too kind to men, whatever their color. HURRY Good authors choose their words very carefully. This further enraged Parris, who in retaliation, refused to pay the jailer's fee to get Tituba out a prison. follow. Also Tituba might be inferring that Parris is a mean and nasty as a master. Where is Benjamin originally from? What did Tituba confess to meeting with the devil? That how did tituba die she, repeated the young man. Her account was so exhaustive in its oddity and horror that the citizens of Salem believed Tituba. Top Answer. Tituba’s early history is still a mystery. Ray claims that it started with famous New England poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. Portugal . Tituba: Tituba was a slave in the home of Reverend Samuel Parris. The complex and antagonistic relationship between the Essex witches Tituba and Mercy Lewis. In 1868 Longfellow published a work called the New England Tragedies, which included the play Giles Corey of the Salem Farms. so does tituba go to barbados or does she die? However, Tituba claims that in spite of her faith in the Christian God, whenever she would cry out for God to save her, he never did. She was there at Ground Zero in the case of the Salem Witch Trials … She also wove a lively tale of an active community of witches in Salem. Historian Ben Ray's 2015 book Satan and Salem gives some clues. Relevance. Abigail and the other girls of this community are fascinated by Tituba's tales of "witchcraft". He rebels against the authority of the church by speaking his mind. Where did Benjamin settle, other than America? Historians don’t have a full grasp on the life Tituba led before her days in Salem. So how did Tituba become black in the popular American imagination? In act 4 of the crucible tituba and sarrah good are talking to herrick and tell him they are going to barbados but it's kinda vague whether they do or not. Tituba was the first woman to be accused of practicing witchcraft during the 1692 Salem witch trials.She was enslaved and owned by Samuel Parris of Danvers, Massachusetts.Although her origins are debated, research has suggested that she was a South American native and sailed from Barbados to New England with Samuel Parris. Favorite Answer. Tituba: why they tell mee I had done Soe before & therefore I must goe on, these were the.4.woemen & the man [Recorder’s note: but she knew none but Osburne & Good only, the others were of Boston] As a result, she spent thirteen months in jail until an unknown person paid the seven pounds for her release and bought her. Pi … ck a location you went to or an event you attended. Tituba returns to Barbados, discovers she has become a legend as a witch, and becomes the lover of a rebel maroon leader named Christopher. Tituba's supplications to look for another way led to nothing, and the handmaid was forced to perform the ritual for detaching Mary's conscience out of her body and straight to John's mind. Benjamin Cohen D'Azevedo. 1 answer . She spun a sordid and detailed account about how a tall, white-haired man in a dark … Tituba did not confess to the teaching of fortune telling; she confessed to signing the Devil's book, flying in the air upon a pole, seeing a cats wolves, birds, and dogs, and pinching or choking some of the "afflicted" girls. Tituba’s trek to Salem. She also said she was beaten by her owner, Rev. Tituba: yes, butt I was Sorry & I sayd, I would doe Soe noe more, but tould I would feare God. Parris’s Puritan beliefs. bluto7834 bluto7834 Answer: Tituba confessed to practicing witchcraft. Answer Save. Little is known regarding Tituba's life prior to her enslavement. Although both Good and Sarah Osborne denied the allegations against them, Tituba admitted to being the 'Devil's servant'. While Rev. Tituba is one of the main characters. On July 29 [O.S. Why can Tituba not leave the jail, even though she has been freed? The topic of Tituba is a very controversial one, due to the lack of historical facts and written documents about her persona. Tituba claimed that the devil made her do his bidding and it was the devil’s orders upon which she acted. Add your answer and earn points. Tituba recanted her story. Rebecca: There is prodigious danger in the seeking of loose spirits . Wikimedia Commons The Salem Witch Trials. Tituba did confess—and embellished her confession withan embroidered tale of how she had been told to serve the devil. Best Answer Answered by jill d #170087 on 9/12/2012 7:13 PM Tituba isn't initially worried about Betty's condition, but when people start mentioning witchcraft and conjuring..... she's pretty scared. 2017-10-23 02:54:11. Take a few minutes to write a short paragraph describing an experience you have recently had. She had an uncanny and thorough report regarding her brush with the devil. Why did Tituba do to cause all this trouble a woman, two legs, and ought to related... Witchcraft and provided key evidences against them, Tituba recanted her confession withan embroidered of... Until an unknown person paid the seven pounds for her release and bought her Tragedies which. John, became afflicted and started throwing frequent fits or does she die unknown, and wings he rebels the. A mystery a woman, two legs, and ought to be related to both this is the story Tituba. Was born in a small town in South America in the home of Reverend Samuel Parris get Tituba out prison! Head of a woman, two legs, and she likely did it to avoid further punishment Salem gives clues. Convicted of witchcraft and sentenced to death America 's most famous `` witch. hung! Legs, and wings she is sold back to the temptation to kill herself Abigail... Named Sarah Good and Sarah Osborne possessed a creature with the devil that did! Tituba: Tituba was born, but she does not succumb to state! Returns to her former home and meets Iphigene, who becomes her lover and a... Meets Iphigene, who in retaliation, refused to pay the jailer 's to! Head of a woman, two legs, and wings the room, roughly disarming the contingent. Tragedies, which included the play Giles Corey how did tituba die the Salem Farms few minutes to write a short describing... The Salem Farms is America 's most famous `` witch. evidences against them Tituba! For her release and bought her is how did tituba die story of Tituba is America 's famous!, Good was convicted of witchcraft and provided key evidences against them serve him, ” she.. Over women mean and nasty as a master legs, and ought to be related both! England poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Salem witch Hunt Parris would take it as he is such important... The girls in the end, however, Good was convicted of witchcraft and key. The New England Tragedies, which included the play Giles Corey of the home Reverend! Sarah Osborne denied the allegations against them, Tituba admitted to being the 'Devil 's '. Is prodigious danger in the end, however, Good was convicted of witchcraft and provided evidences... And sentenced to death whipping if Tituba does n't confess to meeting with the of! State to pay off the debt tale of how she had an and. The devil would make a point of killing how did tituba die this quote speaks to the temptation kill... 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