General Databases & ResourcesExplora combines several databases for your research needs. Start here when you need a wide variety of results.Middle Search Plus will give you results from Middle school level resources including biographies, history, and primary resources.Search Newspaper Source for full text results from more than 40 national and international newspapers.Students will make their own log-in once on the Learning Express page.
Why Do I Have to Cite My Sources?Creative Commons is an alternative to copyright. CC Licenses are becoming more and more common. Knowing these symbols can help you know how you are legally able to use an image.The United States copyright office website can help you to better understand how copyright works and why it matters.
Reliable Websites for ResearchChoose Biography.com when you need to find information about people in history or people who are well-known today.
The Library of Congress is an excellent resource for primary sources. Choose this site if you are looking for historical documents.
All Sides presents news stories from several perspectives- giving students the opportunity to see how an issue is viewed from left, right, and center.ProCon is the best choice when you want find both pros and cons of an issue. This site may be especially helpful when writing an argumentative paper.
But, I Just Want to Use Google...Google can be a great place to start your research. If you are going to use resources you find via a Google search, it is important to perform a test of reliability on the sources you are considering. Please see the TRAAP test to the right to help you choose your resources.


Order of St Columba -An Introduction
How does Abbey see Jesus of Nazareth?
A Concise History of the Celtic Way
A Litany of Celtic Saints
Ita - Nurtura of Saints -January 15
Brigid of Kildare - February 6
Patrick - apostle to Ireland - March 17
Egbert - April 24th
Venerable Bede - May 25
Columba of Iona - June 9
Kilian - the missionary - July 8th
Aidan of Lindisfarne - August 31
Ciaran - September 9th
Francis of Assisi - October 4th
Columbanus - November 23rd
Finian of Clonard - December 12th
What is the influence of the Celtic Christianity?
What is the relevance of Celtis Christianity in the 21st century?
Some features of Celtic Spirituality
Ways of Connecting
The Emerging expression of community
House communities and the Jesus Movement - a perspective
Monastic Virtues and Ecumenical Hopes
Mingary Online Oratory
Requests for Intercession
Light a Candle
3 minute a day 'mini-breaks'
Reflect as you Go
Music and Chant Reflections
Daily Reflection "bread 4 life"
Lectio Divina - for each day
Remembering those we love...
The Abbey Institute of Spiritual Direction and life-mentoring
12 Steps recovery and Spiritual Direction
Prayers and Spirituality
Spirituality and Practice - the power of 12
Jewish Table Blessings
Solitude with God
Rituals and Blessings to help Family life
Prayers for Healing Painful Memories
Patrick of Ireland's Breastplate prayer
Casting a caim or encircling prayer
The Jesus Prayer
How to meditate
Coping with Change
Outreach - SmallSteps Project
The Christian Year
Advent Prayers, Resources and Themes
Christmas - New Year
A Celtic Christmas reflection
A Celtic New Year Blessing and Prayer
Morning and Evening Prayer for Lent
Holy Week and Easter
A Pentecost reflection
Some Pentecost prayers
The Four Gospels and Paul
Paul of Tarsus
St Columba's School of Theology and Ministry
Monastery of the Heart Network
Abbey Blog - Guest Book
Companions Secure Site
Some Celtic Ceremonies
Publications from the Abbey Press
St Aidan's Bookstore
Charter of Compassion
Centre for Loss and Life Transitions
The Lindisfarne Gospels
Book of Kells
Below are some resources which may prove an aid to your Easter prepartions through the Lenten journey from 'ashes to the fire'.
..drawing living water from an ancient well...
Lead with Love ~ Celebrate the Spirit ~ Engage the Mind ~ Cherish the Soul.


Readings this Fall
Woodberry Poetry Room Lamont Library, Room 330, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA Wednesday, December 7th, 2011, 5 PM http://hcl.harvard.edu/info/exhibitions/#poetry_room_events Omnidawn’s Annual Celebration/Reading Poet’s House, 10 River Terrace @ Murray St., New York City http://www.poetshouse.org/ 1718 Society The Columns Hotel at St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans Tuesday, October 4,...
PRESENT TENSE was published by Omnidawn in Fall 2010. I was very excited when Anis Shivani of The Huffington Post cited it as one of the top poetry books of the year. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/anis-shivani/poetry-most-important-books-2010_b_795312.html - s204813&title=H_L_Hix


Below are a sample of books that I have enjoyed reading over the years and are mostly garden related. If you click on the book image you will be taken to Book Depository where I by the majority of my books these days - if you purchase from clicking from this website I will get a commission - every year it amounts to about enough to by a packet of seeds :)
Shunmyo Masuno, Japan's leading garden designer, is at once Japan's most highly acclaimed landscape architect and an 18th-generation Zen Buddhist priest, presiding over daily ceremonies at the Kenkoji Temple in Yokohama. He is celebrated for his unique ability to blend strikingly contemporary elements with the traditional design vernacular. He has worked in ultramodern urban hotels and in some of Japan's most famous classic gardens. In each project, his work as a designer is inseparable from his Buddhist practice. Each becomes a Zen garden, "a special spiritual place where the mind dwells." This beautiful book, illustrated with more than 400 drawings and color photographs, is the first complete retrospective of Masuno's work to be published in English. It presents 37 major gardens around the world in a wide variety of types and settings: traditional and contemporary, urban and rural, public spaces and private residences, and including temple, office, hotel and campus venues. Masuno achieved fame for his work in Japan, but he is becoming increasingly known internationally, and in 2011 completed his first commission in the United States which is shown here. The book, divided into three chapters, covers: "Traditional Zen Gardens," "Contemporary Zen Gardens" and "Zen Gardens outside Japan." Illustrated with photographs and architectural plans or sketches, each garden is described and analyzed by author Mira Locher, herself an architect and a scholar well versed in Japanese culture. Celebrating the accomplishments of a major, world-class designer, "Zen Gardens" also serves as something of a master class in Japanese garden design and appreciation: how to perceive a Japanese garden, how to understand one, even how to make one yourself. Like one of Masuno's gardens, the book can be a place for contemplation and mindful repose.
A History of the Garden in Fifty Tools
A green thumb is not the only tool one needs to garden well?at least thats what the makers of gardening catalogs and the designers of the dizzying aisle displays in lawn- and-garden stores would have us believe. Need to plant a bulb, aerate some soil, or keep out a hungry critter? Well, theres a specific tool for almost everything. But this isnt just a product of todays consumer era, since the very earliest gardens, people have been developing tools to make planting and harvesting more efficient and to make flora more beautiful and trees more fruitful. In A History of the Garden in Fifty Tools, Bill Laws offers entertaining and colorful anecdotes of implements that have shaped our gardening experience since the beginning. As Laws reveals, gardening tools have coevolved with human society, and the story of these fifty individual tools presents an innovative history of humans and the garden over time. Laws takes us back to the Neolithic age, when the microlith, the first ?all-in-one tool was invented. Consisting of a small sharp stone blade that was set into a handle made of wood, bone, or antler, it was a small spade that could be used to dig, clip, and cut plant material. We find out that wheelbarrows originated in China in the second century BC, and their basic form has not changed much since. He also describes how early images of a pruning knife appear in Roman art, in the form of a scythe that could cut through herbs, vegetables, fruits, and nuts and was believed to be able to tell the gardener when and what to harvest. Organized into five thematic chapters relating to different types of gardens: the flower garden, the kitchen garden, the orchard, the lawn, and ornamental gardens, the book includes a mix of horticulture and history, in addition to stories featuring well-known characters?we learn about Henry David Thoreaus favorite hoe, for example. A History of the Garden in Fifty Tools will be a beautiful gift for any home gardener and a reassuring reminder that gardeners have always struggled with the same quandaries.


A city with a turbulent past, Berlin is a fantastic place to set a novel. Full of memories and ghosts of bygone times, it lends itself particularly well to historical stories. Wartime action and adventure, political intrigue and of course romance. Iconic structures such as the Brandenburg Gate, the Reichstag and the haunting remains of the Berlin Wall exude a strong sense of the past.
Here are 5 novels to take you there right now.
An epic novel of passion, betrayal and danger, set in wartime Britain and Europe. In the spring of 1936 Kay Garland embraces an exciting new life of glamour when she becomes companion to Russian Konstantin Denisov’s daughter, Miranda. The two girls become firm friends, and when Miranda falls in love with a young Parisian, Kay helps her keep the relationship secret. But Konstantin learns of the affair and promptly dismisses Kay, leaving her penniless and stranded in Nazi Berlin. By chance she meets Tom Blacklock, who pays for her ticket home, and is destined to play an important part in her life.
Arriving in Nazi Germany, Englishman Conrad de Lancey feels sick at heart. Even Berlin – infamous haven of decadence and vice – salutes fascism. Himmler’s black-shirted troops rule the city, and every German arm bears a Swastika. But does every German heart belong to Hitler? When Conrad is arrested by the Gestapo on suspicion of spying, he is rescued by Theo, an old friend from university, now a lieutenant of the Wehrmacht. Together they are drawn into a world of danger and deceit, of plots, paranoia and intrigue where the brave few are united by a single ambition: to free the fatherland from the Fuhrer.
The Second World War is over and among the millions of refugees, young Emil Brod returns to the capital city of his country to live with his grandparents and take up a job as a homicide inspector. His homeland has been annexed by the Soviet Union and they are now part of the Eastern Bloc. Life is different – Russian soldiers swagger about, the luxuries of life are in short supply, everyone is careful to address their friends as Comrade. Emil’s colleagues appear to loath him and he is utterly shut out. The hatred of his workmates even turns to violence. Frustrated and desperate to work, Emil begs a case to work on and suddenly and surprisingly is assigned to the high profile murder of Janos Crowder, a popular and wealthy songwriter. But this case is a difficult one – its complex skeins lead right up to the Party Chairman himself and Emil has to decide between the truth and his own safety. And the beautiful, seductive Lena, Crowder’s widow, complicates things further.
As the clock chimed the turn of the twentieth century, Lilly Nelly Aphrodite took her first breath. Born to a cabaret dancer and soon orphaned in a scandalous double murder, Lilly finds refuge at a Catholic orphanage, coming under the wing of the, at times, severe Sister August, the first in a string of lost loves. There she meets Hanne Schmidt, a teen prostitute, and forms a bond that will last them through tumultuous love affairs, disastrous marriages, and destitution during the First World War and the subsequent economic collapse. As the century progresses, Lilly and Hanne move from the tawdry glamour of the tingle-tangle nightclubs to the shadow world of health films before Lilly finds success and stardom in the new medium of motion pictures and ultimately falls in love with a man whose fate could cost her everything she has worked for or help her discover her true self.
In the summer of 1981, Michael from Perth meets Kathrin from Berlin. It’s love. It’s East meets West, and East wins. The place where we are born and raised greatly shapes our lives and opinions. To those in the west, life behind the iron curtain was horrible and oppressive. But for the millions who lived there, it was a way of life and they did the best they could. Some are now even nostalgic for it. Ostalgie it’s called in Germany. For Michael Smith, East Germany fills all the gaps in his own life. He’s happy there. He wants to stay. Everything is within his reach. And yes he’s very naïve, and yes he’s ignoring a lot of bad to focus on the good, but ignorance really can be bliss. That is, until the Berlin Wall falls. He’s forced to watch as his beloved East Germans give up their country for the west, for everything he had rejected. By unification in 1990, their country and identity is all but forgotten. It’s then that the lies are discovered, the secrets revealed. How does he continue?
Find more novels set in Berlin at Yonndr.com. Use the advanced search to tailor the list to your favourite genres and time periods.
And watch out for the next list in our City Break series coming soon…


|2008 VSFA Convention Proceedings|
A full account of the 2008 VSFA Convention proceedings is now available online.
You can view the agenda and detailed presentation notes in one of two ways:
VA State Feed Association 2008 Convention Proceedings. This is the complete report; it's a large file, so if you have dial-up it may take awhile to load.
If bandwith is an issue, here are the Agenda and individual presentations:
01 AFIA Report – Richard Sellers
07 Update of 2007 NRC Nutrient Requirements for Horses. Dr. Laurie Lawrence.
08 North and South American Commodity Outlook. Mr. Henry Graves. Bunge
09 Economics of Replacing Corn with Other Energy Sources in Ruminant Diets. Dr.
10 Nutritional Strategies When Weather Affects Feed Inventories or Quality. Mr. Pat
11 Saving Protein: Can We Feed Less? Dr. Mark Hanigan. Virginia Tech
12b Update on the Phosphorus Incentive Program. Dr. Bob James. Virginia Tech
1 3 Impact of Limit Feeding Dairy Heifers on Growth, Manure Nutrient Excretion and
15 Life After rBST – Adjusting Dairy Nutrition and Management. Dr. Greg Bethard.
16 Management Strategies for Dealing with Mycotoxins in Forages and Grains. Dr.


Surfing the Middle East
CASBAH PUBLISHING | ZENTRO MEDIA
A fascinating ... look at what happens when "a mission to surf the last place anyone expected: the Middle East" becomes reality. PUBLISHERS WEEKLY
Aizenstat set off on a journey to surf from Israel to Hezbollah-controlled South Lebanon. Amazingly, he succeeded and lived to write a book and iPad app. OUTSIDE ONLINE
A fierce line of armored Merkava tanks aim 120 mm guns past Hebrew signs that read: "NO ENTRANCE. Closed Military Area." This is the Blue Line that marks the scorched divide between Israel and Lebanon. The border has been closed for 10 years. If you try to cross it on foot, you'll be dead before you take the first step. No one has ever tried to surf it. Till now.
As a 20-something gonzo journalist and a die-hard California surfer, JESSE AIZENSTAT was driven by an unreasoning desire to catch the waves off that forbidden, war-torn coast. SURFING THE MIDDLE EAST is the story of the unbridled six months he spent doing just that. Like the Middle East itself, it is a story of irreconcilable contradictions. Friends become mortal enemies overnight.
In what The New York Times has called "the world's most combustible region," he experienced first-hand a place of surprising humor and humanity, where centuries of remorseless violence are juxtaposed against the incomparable visceral bliss of surfing the Arabic waves.
MULTI-MEDIA APP. SURFING THE MIDDLE EAST
BOOK EXCERPT. Waves and Rockets. SANTA BARBARA INDEPENDENT
AUTHOR/PRODUCER : JESSE AIZENSTAT
EDITORIAL DEVELOPMENT : DONNA BEECH


Henry's career in photography began in Bloomington, Illinois, where he was born in 1909. He bought a camera from a schoolmate, and began developing and printing his own film.
He graduated from Ohio State University in 1933. At about that time, he encountered two forces that helped to set the course of his career. One was Moholy-Nagy's New Vision and the other was the photographs of Francis Bruguiere.
In 1937, Henry set up his darkroom in Bloomington, began intensive work on dye transfer printing and developed a theory of three-color synthesis from colorless objects. He helped plan the photography installation at Moholy-Nagy's New Bauhaus (now the Institute of Design) in Chicago and taught there until the school closed in 1938.
He was associate editor of Minicam until being inducted into the U.S. army in 1942. He was discharged in 1945, having served in the Gilbert Islands and Iwo Jima. Returning to Bloomington, Illinois, he began color experimentation and light studies, now the core of his vintage work. One print from this period appears in this presentation.
In 1947 Henry taught the first photography class at Indiana University; the next year he offered study in the history of photography, one of the first in the United States. In 1949 he spent a summer of research at Eastman House with Beaumont and Nancy Newhall (he later described his and Beaumont's attempt to make plum jelly).
He also consulted with Paul Vanderbilt at the Library of Congress, spending an afternoon browsing in the Library's attic, where a huge collection of photographs was stored.
In 1956 he organized the first Indiana University Workshop; staff members included Minor White and Aaron Siskind. In 1960, he was appointed regional editor of Aperture. He organized and installed eleven exhibitions in conjunction with the 1962 Indiana University Summer Teaching Conference, including Jack Welpott, Art Sinsabaugh and Oliver Gagliani. Also arranged was a group show including Ansel Adams, Walker Evans, Edward Weston, Ruth Bernhard and Wynn Bullock.
In the summer of 1962, the Society for Photographic Education emerged from a lively conversation between Henry and Art Sinsabaugh on the Smith front porch in Bloomington. Art and Henry recognized the need for an organization of teachers of photography and a name for it was selected. With the support of Nathan Lyons, Clarence White, Jr., and Aaron Siskind, this organization still flourishes today. Henry organized and chaired the first regional SPE meeting at the University of Illinois in 1966.
In 1968 Henry was awarded the Herman Lieber Distinguished Teaching Award from Indiana University and received the honorary Doctor of Fine Arts degree from the Maryland Institute College of Art. From 1975 to 1983 he served as a member of the Board of Trustees, Friends of Photography, Carmel, California.
Henry retired in 1977 as Professor Emeritus, moved to Incline Village, Nevada, and continued with color exploration and writing. Eventually, he and Wanda Lee lost patience with the snow and ice and moved to San Rafael, California, where he died in March, 1986.


Books & Publications
Publication is due for autumn 2024.
Enigma Uncovered, co-written with my husband Howard Jennings, aims to bring the world of the Enigma machine and codebreaking during the Second World War to the nontechnical reader.
Background: World War 2 (WW2) saw the establishment of a group of mathematicians, scientists, linguists and several thousand lay people at a site called Bletchley Park in Buckinghamshire, England. Their role during the war was to break coded messages that were sent by the Germans via radio signal. The Enigma machine was one of the methods used to code these messages. The machine was slowly developed into a form by the Germans that was believed to be so sophisticated that the messages coded by it could not be broken. Despite this, the team at Bletchley Park were able to use their expertise (together with that of Polish mathematicians before them in the 1930s) to crack the codes as early as 1940.
The book serves as a general guide to the Enigma machine covering the mechanical workings, the coding, the breaking of the code and the history. The explanation of the complicated coding and codebreaking of the Enigma machine is unique and uses everyday language and examples.
Our book gives particular attention to the Enigma I model which was the one most widely used during WW2. A clear description of the development the Enigma I machine is given along with a backdrop of comparisons to other models. A chapter is devoted to the mechanical workings of the Enigma I using rare photos of a dismantled machine as illustration. The coding process of the Enigma I is described in simple steps and a demonstration is given as to why the coded messages it produced were so difficult to break. We explain with simple examples why the number of possible codes is so high as this is often difficult for people to understand. Stories about the personalities involved in the history of the Enigma machine are told to keep the reader interested.
Our target audience is anyone with an enthusiastic interest in the Enigma machine and a basic grasp of everyday mathematics. This group could contain visitors to the Bletchley Park Museum and parents who wish to understand codebreaking so they can explain it to their children. Those interested in subjects such as history of science, cryptography and military history may also be interested.
Databases for Small Business
Essentials of Database Management, Data Analysis, and Staff Training for Entrepreneurs and Professionals
My first book was Databases for Small Business which covers the practical aspects of database design, data cleansing, data analysis and data protection, among others. The focus is on what you really need to know to create the right database for your small business and to adapt it to create growth and revenue.
The book is a practical guide for entrepreneurs, managers, staff and professionals in small organisations who are not IT specialists but who wish to take advantage of their data. The reader is shown how to extract actionable intelligence and maximum value from their business data in terms of marketing, sales, customer relations, decision making and business strategy.
Four case studies are used throughout the book: a small online business, an engineering startup, a small legal firm and a nonprofit organisation.
Databases for Small Business teaches non-techie entrepreneurs and professionals how to:
- Design a small business database from scratch
- Extract the maximum profit from the data
- Effectively use data collection and data cleansing techniques
- Train staff to leverage the data
I worked in academia for eight years as a postdoc researcher at the Department of Computer Science at Manchester University. My work focused on the design of search algorithms for data protection. These are used by statistical agencies around the world today including the United Nations, Statistics New Zealand and the Office for National Statistics in London. My academic publications are listed here.
The most prestigious of these publications is:
Anna M. Manning, David J. Haglin, John A. Keane:
A recursive search algorithm for statistical disclosure assessment. Data Min. Knowl. Discov. 16(2): 165-196 (2008)
which is a journal at the top of my field of data mining and knowledge discovery.


The Earth Water Catalogue is a multimedia compilation of ARTWORKS, text, images and more on the theme of water. Artists of the past and present, from around the world and working in a wide variety of media, have contributed to a an ever-growing archive, database, library and platform, both online and in print, which has been made available to all.
It is intended as a stimulus to the artistic and scientific communities to expand awareness by setting up exhibitions and provide publications involving works from the catalogue. By borrowing the works in the catalogue, participating institutions can make an impact on the general public, and play a key role in education. The Earth Water Catalogue is an appeal to stop appealing. Instead we hope to spur reflection on water, stir up the imagination about water, to redefine its nature and value.
Water, the basis of all life, covers some 70 percent of our planet’s surface, and composes about 70 percent of the human body. Yet only 1 percent of the planet’s water is drinkable. Water dissolves, but cannot be dissolved. It can be a purifier and a fuel. It is used in households, agriculture, and industry. Civilization and nature depend on it. Water has intelligence and memory. Water is more than H2O.
Water does not forget. Work for water to have water work. For the love of water.


0 Stevie Wonder Celebrates 60
- by Kingsley H. Smith
Just in time for the celebration of Stevie Wonder's 60th birthday on May 13, 2010, pop culture writer Mark Ribowsky has put the Motown legend under the literary microscope in a new book.
Signed, Sealed, and Delivered: The Soulful Journey of Stevie Wonder meticulously chronicles his compelling story from child prodigy to international super star.
Ribowsky doesn't sweep some of the negative parts of the Wonder odyssey under the rug.
He keeps the story real by taking an honest look at how Stevie grew up within the Motown family driven by his positive inner talent (accompanied by some external negative demons along for the ride).
Through the pen of the author, this is an entertaining, fun story, which in many was reflects the zany personality of Stevie Wonder.
The details in Signed, Sealed, and Delivered: The Soulful Journey of Stevie Wonder are thoroughly intense.
Ribowsky is gifted in documenting the elaborate minutiae of Stevie's story in a way that sometimes reads more like a novel than a biography.
After the first third of the book you'll discover how dysfunctional elements of Wonder's family influenced relocation to Detroit, Michigan.
Mark Ribowsky uses many quick anecdotes from supporting Wonder sources including quotes from books by Supreme Mary Wilson, music critic Nelson George, and Stevie's mother, Lula Mae Wright (Hardaway).
If you have always been confused about what Stevie Wonder's real name is, here is a brief excerpt from Signed, Sealed, and Delivered that explores this topic:
There's so much in this story that I haven't even scratched the surface, so next time, we'll get to Ribowsky's narration about Stevie Wonder's wild days at Motown when he began producing memorable music.


Books that relate to peer to peer; the open paradigm; and the Commons. Feel free to add your own reviews.
- Support the P2P Foundation by buying your books at our Bookstore
- Check out these P2P Book Authors Talking about their Books, i.e. a list of audio and video interviews with authors talking about their p2p-related work
See our recommended selections:
- Ten Best P2P Books of 2010 ;
- P2P Book of the Year 2011
- P2P Book of the Year 2012
- P2P Book of the Year 2013
- P2P Book of the Year 2014
- 1 The Top 20 Books on Peer to Peer
- 1.1 On Peer Production in general
- 1.2 On P2P Governance and Property
- 1.3 On Political and Social Change
- 1.4 On P2P Business Change
- 1.5 On P2P Culture
- 1.6 On P2P Economics
- 1.7 On P2P Education
- 1.8 On P2P Spirituality
- 1.9 On P2P Technology
- 1.10 On Human Cooperation
- 2 Other Recommended Books
- 3 Internet Classics by Year
- 4 Full Directory
The Top 20 Books on Peer to Peer
On Peer Production in general
- The Wealth of Networks. Yochai Benkler.
- The Success of Open Source. Steve Weber.
- Democratizing Innovation. Erik von Hippel.
- Wikinomics. Don Tapscott.
- From Production to Produsage. Axel Bruns. (see the article on Produsage)
- Here Comes Everybody. Clay Shirky.
- Nowtopia: How Pirate Programmers, Outlaw Bicyclists, and Vacant-lot Gardeners are Inventing the Future Today. Chris Carlsson. AK Press, 2008
- The Pirate’s Dilemma. Matt Mason.
- Capitalism 3.0. Peter Barnes.
- Hacking Capitalism. Johan Soderbergh
- The Long Tail. Chris Anderson.
- The Wisdom of Crowds. James Surowiecki.
On Free and Open Source Software production and philosophy specifically
- The Success of Open Source. Steven Weber.
- The Cathedral and the Bazaar. Eric Raymond.
- Open Life. Henrik Ingo.
- Perspectives on Free and Open Source Software. An MIT reader, 2005
- Hacking Capitalism. Johan Soderbergh.
- Decoding Liberation
On P2P Governance and Property
- The Future of the Internet – and how to stop it. Jonathan Zittrain on protecting a free and Generative Internet
- The Success of Open Source. Steven Weber on the governance of open source communities
On P2P Management and Leadership
- The Myth of Leadership. Jeffrey Nielsen.
- The Hacker Ethic. Pekka Himanen.
- The Play Ethic. Pat Kane.
- Cyberchiefs. By Mathew O’Neill. Excellent monograph with 4 case studies.
- Three Ways of Getting Things Done: modes of corporate governance
On Peer Property and the Commons
On Political and Social Change
- The Hacker Manifesto. McKenzie Wark.
- Massimo De Angelis: The Beginning of History. Value Struggles and Global Capital. Pluto, 2007: about the Commons as a political movement inaugurating a new era of history
- Cyber Marx. Nick Dyer-Whiteford.
- Gramsci is Dead. Richard Day.
- Code 2.0. Lawrence Lessig.
- Viral Spiral. David Bollier. An account of the emergence of the contemporary Commons movement
On power in networks (Protocollary Power):
- Protocol and The Exploit: How Control Exists after Decentralization. Alexander Galloway et al.
- David Grewal: Network Power, how standards come about in non-free ways
- Theory of Power. By Jack Vail.
On open and collaborative government:
- Wiki Government. How Technology Can Make Government Better, Democracy Stronger, and Citizens More Powerful. Beth Noveck. Brookings Institution Press, 2009: on the emergence of Collaborative Democracy,i.e. soliciting expertise from self-selected peers working together in groups in open networks
On the political implications of the hacker and free software movements:
- Johan Soderbergh: Hacking Capitalism
- Decoding Liberation
- Christopher Kely. Two Bits, on the strategy of Recursive Publics
- Abstract Activism. Otto von Busch and Karl Palmås.
On digital activism and the networked alterglobalization movement:
- Networking Futures. Jeffrey Juris, ‘the bible of the autonomous movements’
- Netroots Rising. How a citizen army of bloggers and online activists is changing American politics. by Lowell Feld and Nate Wilcox. 2008
- Digital Activism Decoded. Ed. by Mary Joyce. Idebate Press, 2010
On P2P Business Change
- Tapscott Don et al. Wikinomics
- Brafman, Ori and Rod A. Beckstrom, The Starfish and the Spider: The Unstoppable Power of Leaderless Organizations, Portfolio, 2006.
- Chesbrough, Henry, Open Innovation — The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology, Harvard Business School Press, 2003.
- Li, Charlene and Josh Bernoff, Groundswell: Winning in a World Transformed by Social Technologies, Harvard Business School Press, 2008.
- Malone, Thomas W. et al, 1) Inventing the Organizations of the 21st Century, MIT Press, 2003; 2) Coordination Theory and Collaboration Technology, Erlbaum, 2001.
- Mulholland, Andy et al, 1) Mesh Collaboration, Evolved Technologist, 2008l 2) Mashup Corporations: The End of Business as Usual, Evolved Technologist, 2008.
- Thompson, Ken. Bioteams: on Bioteaming
On the Sharing Economy:
- The Mesh: Why the Future of Business is Sharing Lisa Gansky. Portfolio / Penguin Group, FALL 2010
- What’s Mine is Yours: The Rise of Collaborative Consumption, by Rachel Botsman and Roo Rogers (Fall, HarperCollins), 2010
On the new economic rules:
- Hayes, Tom, Jump Point: How Network Culture is Revolutionizing Business, McGraw-Hill, 2008.
- Howe, Jeff, Crowdsourcing: Why the Power of the Crowd Is Driving the Future of Business, Crown Business, 2008.
- Kelly, Kevin, New Rules for the New Economy, Penguin, 1999.
- Fingar, Peter, and Ronald Aronica, Dot Cloud. Meghan-Kiffer Press, 2009.
On P2P Culture
- Smart Mobs. Howard Rheingold
- The Play Ethic. By Pat Kane.
- Hacker Ethic. Pekka Himanen.
- Knowing Knowledge. George Siemens.
- Open Culture and the Nature of Networks. Ed. by Felix Stalder.
- Slow Living. Wency Parkins and Geoffrey Craig.
- Understanding Knowledge as a Commons. Eleanor Ostrom et al.
- James Boyle. The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind.
- Sharing and the Creative Economy: Culture in the Internet Age. Philippe Aigrain, 2010.
On P2P Economics
- Christian Siefkes: From Exchange to Contributions: alternative proposal for an effort-sharing/task-auctioning based system of organizing the economy
Books Recommended by Dave Pollard on Ecological and community-based economics:
- Herman Daly on Steady-State Economics
- Roger Douthwaite’s Short Circuit, a blueprint for a community-based economy
- Thomas Princen explains why we need to evolve to a Logic of Sufficiency
- Peter Brown: The Commonwealth of Life
On P2P Education
- Education in the Creative Economy: Knowledge and Learning in the Age of Innovation. Edited by Daniel Araya & Michael A. Peters. Peter Lang, 2010. Collection of essays with a sizeable number of essays concentrating on p2p thematics.
- Knowing Knowledge. By George Siemens. An exploration of participative learning.
- Everything is Miscellaneous. By David Weinberger. How we are changing the way we organize knowledge.
- The Edu-factory Collective (eds) (2009) Toward a Global Autonomous University. Cognitive Labor, The Production of Knowledge, and Exodus from the Education Factory. New York: Autonomedia, 2009
- Wikiworld: Political Economy of Digital Literacy, and the Road from Social to Socialist Media. Juha Suoranta – Tere Vadén.
- The Peeragogy Handbook, Version 3. The handbook is a pattern catalog/language created to support peer learning activities. Web, print, PDF, EPUB, Git. Licensed under CC0 (Public Domain Dedication).
On P2P Spirituality
- Participatory Spirituality – A Farewell to Authoritarian Religion. By John Heron.
- Digital Dharma. Steven Vedro.
- A Reenchanted World: The Quest For A New Kinship With Nature by James William Gibson. Metropolitan Books,
- The Ascent of Humanity by Charles Eisenstein.
- The Participatory Mind by Henryk Skolimowski
On P2P Technology
- The Internet of People for a Post-Oil World. By Christian Nold and Rob van Kranenburg. Situated Technologies Pamphlets 8: Spring 2011
- Open-Source Lab: How to Build Your Own Hardware and Reduce Research Costs by Joshua Pearce
On Human Cooperation
- The Compassionate Instinct: The Science of Human Goodness, coedited by Dacher Keltner, Jason Marsh, and Jeremy Adam Smith (January, WW Norton), 2009
- Why We Cooperate, by Michael Tomasello (Boston Review Books), 2009
- The Age of Empathy: Nature’s Lessons for a Kinder Society, by Frans de Waal (Harmony Books), 2009
Other Recommended Books
Practical How To Books
Online Books, including books-in-progress
We Think. Charles Leadbeater.
Older Classics that are available online
The Natural Economic Order. By Silvio Gesell.
The New State. Mary Parker Follet.
Internet Classics by Year
Selected via Adam Thierer :
- George Gilder – Telecosm: How Infinite Bandwith Will Revolutionize Our World
- Cass Sunstein – Republic.com
- Lawrence Lessig – The Future of Ideas: The Fate of the Commons in a Connected World
- Siva Vaidhyanathan – Copyrights and Copywrongs: The Rise of Intellectual Property and How it Threatens Creativity
- Manuel Castells – The Internet Galaxy: Reflections on the Internet, Business, and Society
- Paulina Borsook – Cyberselfish: A Critical Romp Through the Terribly Libertarian Culture of High Tech
- David Weinberger – Small Pieces Loosely Joined: A Unified Theory of the Web
- Howard Reingold – Smart Mobs: The Next Social Revolution
- Milton L. Mueller – Ruling the Root: Internet Governance and the Taming of Cyberspace
- Richard A. Spinello – Regulating Cyberspace: The Policies and Technologies of Control
- Stan Liebowitz – Re-Thinking the Network Economy: The True Forces that Drive the Digital Marketplace
- Adam D. Thierer & Clyde Wayne Crews (eds.) – Who Rules the Net?: Internet Governance and Jurisdiction
- Shanthi Kalathil & Taylor C. Boas – Open Networks, Closed regimes: The Impact of the Internet on Authoritarian Rule
- William Landes and Richard Posner – The Economic Structure of Intellectual Property Law
- Lawrence Lessig – Free Culture: The Nature and Future of Creativity
- Dan Gillmor – We the Media: Grassroots Journalism By the People, For the People
- William W. Fisher – Promises to Keep: Technology, Law, and the Future of Entertainment
- Joe Trippi – The Revolution Will Not Be Televised: Democracy, The Internet, and the Overthrow of Everything
- Siva Vaidhyanathan – The Anarchist in the Library: How the Clash between Freedom and Control is Hacking the Real World and Crashing the System
- Steven Weber – The Success of Open Source
- Alexander R. Galloway – Protocol: How Control Exists after Decentralization
- John Battelle – The Search: How Google and its Rivals Rewrote the Rules of Business and Transformed Our Culture
- Edward Castronova – Synthetic Worlds: The Business and Culture of Online Games
- Yochai Benkler – The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom
- Chris Anderson – The Long Tail: Why the Future of Business is Selling Less of More
- Jack Goldsmith & Tim Wu – Who Controls the Internet? Illusions of a Borderless World
- Henry Jenkins – Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide
- Lawrence Lessig – Code: And Other Laws of Cyberspace, Version 2.0
- Cass Sunstein – Infotopia: How Many Minds Produce Knowledge
- Ori Brafman & Rod A. Beckstrom – The Starfish and the Spider: The Unstoppable Power of Leaderless Organizations
- Daniel Solove – The Future of Reputation: Gossip, Rumor, and Privacy on the Internet
- David Weinberger – Everything Is Miscellaneous: The Power of the New Digital Disorder
- Tarleton Gillespie – Wired Shut: Copyright and the Shape of Digital Culture
- Steve Talbott – Devices of the Soul: Battling for Our Selves in an Age of Machines
- Jeff Chester – Digital Destiny: New Media and the Future of Democracy
- Jonathan Zittrain – The Future of the Internet – And How to Stop It
- John Palfrey & Urs Gasser – Born Digital: Understanding the First Generation of Digital Natives
- Clay Shirky – Here Comes Everybody: The Power of Organizing without Organizations
- Nick Carr – The Big Switch: Rewiring the World, from Edison to Google
- Jeanne Pia Mifsud Bonnici – Self-Regulation in Cyberspace
- James Bessen and Michael J. Meurer – Patent Failure: How Judges, Bureaucrats, and Lawyers Put Innovators at Risk
- Michele Boldrin & David K. Levine – Against Intellectual Monopoly
- Don Tapscott & Anthony D. Williams – Wikinomics: How Mass Collaboration Changes Everything
- Lee Siegel – Against the Machine: Being Human in the Age of the Electronic Mob
- Lawrence Lessig – Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid Economy
- Matt Mason – The Pirate’s Dilemma: How Youth Culture Is Reinventing Capitalism
- Don Tapscott — Grown Up Digital: How the Net Generation is Changing Your World
- Chris Anderson – Free: The Future of a Radical Price
- Dawn C. Nunziato – Virtual Freedom: Net Neutrality and Free Speech in the Internet Age
- David Bollier – Viral Spiral: How the Commoners Built a Digital Republic of Their Own
- David Post – In Search of Jefferson’s Moose: Notes on the State of Cyberspace
- Lee A. Bygrave & Jon Bing (eds) – Internet Governance: Infrastructure and Institutions
- Manuel Castells – Communication Power
- Jeff Jarvis – What Would Google Do?
- James Boyle – The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind
- Scott Rosenberg – Say Everything: How Blogging Began, What It’s Becoming, and Why It Matters
- Erik Brynjolfsson & Adam Saunders – Wired for Innovation: How Information Technology is Reshaping the Economy
- Matthew Scott Hindman -The Myth of Digital Democracy


The brains of women undergo dramatic changes at the various major events in a woman's life and I don't just mean pregnancy. In fact the biochemical soup in which women operate transforms them many times in their lives. How and why and what the consequences are is worth examining.
This is Louann Brizendine's book on the female brain. She is a good writer and although she gives you the science, she also gives you anecdote. So the book is often amusing and sometimes funny. But you really do get to understand the why.
This is Louann Brizendine's companion volume The Male Brain. The male brain exists in a different biochemical soup. There are fewer wholesale changes in the structure of the male brain but there are changes. How and why the male brain changes is also worth examining. Also the difference between boys and girls comes down to the difference in the biochemistry of the male brain. Again the book is skillfully written with the science explained but illustrated with anecdote which is often funny.


Eagle/Fusion Software Footprint Library
Click the link below to download a library of footprints for use with Autodesk Fusion 360 & Eagle PCB software. This library contains the great majority of models which IQD Frequency Products offer. With 50 years of history, IQD Frequency Products have many footprints in the archive; in the event that you cannot find the file you need, please contact our Application Support team and we can add the specific model you require.
Download IQD Fusion/Eagle Software Footprint Library


Ti-Pa-Pa, their shaman, leapt with a scream onto the sand. He shambled about, a pathetic man under a shark mask and mantle, rattles tied to his wrists and ankles. He shouted, gestured, implored the sea and threatened the sky. He invoked the Shark God. But the god did not come. The god did not possess him; the elders grumbled and shook their heads in fear for the voyage.
Ka-Ti descended from true shamans, the elders said--his father, sailing alone on a spirit quest, had been taken by the Shark God itself--but as a child Ka-Ti could not take his father's place. So the elders chose Ti-Pa-Pa, who swore that he also had power. A fraud the elders later said, but he would not give up the mask, not even now that Ka-Ti was old enough.
Ti-Pa-Pa shook the shark-tooth club as he called on the god to protect the voyagers. Each boy-man went into the surf with him to sacrifice their blood to the sea, and he scratched the club against the backs of their fists. Crimson drops stained the water. When Ka-Ti came forward, the shaman ripped the teeth through his flesh. Ka-Ti bit his lip to swallow a cry, but his eyes never left Ti-Pa-Pa's through the mask.
The storm scattered the little fleet during the fourth night of the voyage. By morning Ka-Ti, Go-Adi and nine others floated on the remains of their canoe, knowing nothing of the other five craft. Then the sharks came.
Greys, the ghosts of the sea, and Bluebacks circled until, one by one, the men were pulled away from the wreckage--or, giving up all hope, let go. The tails of the sharks beat the sea into red foam. Seabirds came and dove for the bits of flesh that fell from the sharks' mouths. Within a day only Ka-Ti and Go-Adi lived, left with a choice of death under the sun, or under the sea.
Ka-Ti heard the shark break the surface when it was still far away. He raised his head, cracking open his burning eyes. Its blunt nose was an island, breaking the swell with a roar, its fin a mountain, and its wake a tidal wave. The shark was greater than even the great air-breathing fish his people hunted in summer. It came for Go-Adi.
He did not decide to slip into the water, or to try to distract the shark. He simply acted to protect his cousin. Ka-Ti swam hard, with as much noise as he could, away from the wreck. He took a breath, saw the great head turn toward him, and in the next moment sensed the jaws opening. Ka-Ti cried out.
When he returned to consciousness, Ka-Ti knew every current in the ocean, and every fleck of sand that rose above the waves. He knew the taste of the sea before the Fire God raised his mountains of flaming stone under it. How presumptuous to seek to cage the ocean! He sensed all movement on the water, and under it, and he knew, without knowing how, where the broken remains of each outrigger now floated. Ageless and boundless was the Shark God, and with a flick of his body he whipped back toward the tiny bundle of wood, rope and flesh drifting on the sea.
The Shark God did not devour the man called Go-Adi. Instead, it took a length of rope in its jaws and began to tow the wreck, and the man, back to their island.
When the people learned of the disaster they would sacrifice to the Shark God--and it intended to receive this sacrifice, for one human thought remained in its hungry mind: Ti-Pa-Pa.


This resource contains some of the common firmware for Western Digital and Hitachi hard drives. Resources about 258MB in size, including the Western Digital hard drive firmware are:
and other families。
Limited to space, the firmware families are not all listed. After the resource downloaded, use winrar to decompress.
Update Date: 2017-03-31 14:05:19
Level: The resources are reserve for MRT paid users, MRT paid users can download after login.


About The Tools In The Toolkit
Please feel free to download and share all of the materials you find on this page! If you have questions, please reach out to us here. We’d love to hear from you! If you have not received a presentation from The Basics but would like to know more about it, please click here to request a presentation.
This poster gives a general overview of each of The Basics while also explaining why they matter. It is best used to be hung in a waiting area or front desk.
As a bookmark, it is great to give to parents, caregivers, and educators alike! The front lists each of The Basics, while the back encourages users to write out how they can best use each of The Basics.
This activity card has The Basics listed on the front and examples of what to do for each of The Basics on the back. It’s a great tool to give to parents and caregivers in order to explain The Basics and encourage them to use each of The Basics.
This back-and-front document will give you a brief overview of The Basics, why they are important, how they came about, and how you can connect
This is a great tool to use during presentations and events. It includes examples of easy activities for each of The Basics and the science behind each of them.
Once a parent, caregiver, or professional is familiar with The Basics, it’s time to take action. That’s what the ABC Plan is for! Not only will it encourage them to take an action, it also lays out the benefits and challenges of that action. There is an online form here as well.
What Are The Basics?
Introduce colleagues or families to the Basics with this one-page overview. The handout includes a brief introduction to the Basics campaign and five Basics principles.
Five Basics Tip Sheets
Share caregiving tips and ideas. Find one tip sheet for each of the five Basics. Disseminate broadly in hard copy and electronically. Tips can be used with providers and families to spark discussions and practice during trainings or meetings. Send them home to reinforce concepts covered.
Poem: The Basics Community Contract
Share the vision of the Basics movement. This poem describes how an entire community can come together to support families with young children. Addresses all five Basics.
Poem: The Basics Caregiver's Promise
Inspire commitments from new parents and caregivers with this poem from the perspective of a fellow caregiver. The poem's narrator recites a set of promises to their new baby, linked to each of the five Basics.


Elsevier Publishing Workshop at SWC 2021
When: Wednesday, 27 October 12-1.30 PM CET
This workshop is structured to support researchers in their publication endeavours. It is intended for all researchers (PhD students, as well as Post-Doctoral and academic researchers). Special emphasis will be on writing scientific articles and how to approach the review and publication process. It will be an information-packed session covering all aspects of writing scientific articles; from the abstract to the references, from preparation to publication, and will be a great opportunity to hear directly from leading editors of Solar Energy and Solar Energy Advances, and answer any questions you may have.
The workshop will be hosted by Adam Fraser, Senior Publisher at Elsevier and will welcome Ranga Pitchumani, Editor-in-Chief of the Solar Energy Journal and Denja Kolokotsa, Editor-in-Chief of Solar Energy Advances.


Check your local library, comic shop, or independent bookstore for these:
Comics and Sequential Art and Graphic Storytelling by Will Eisner – one of the masters of comics explains his inventive approach.
Understanding Comics and Making Comics by Scott McCloud – an essential overviews of comics and how they work.
Comics: Easy as ABC by Ivan Brunetti - fun and smart activities for kids who want to make comics.
On Writing by Stephen King – very practical advice for those who want to become writers or improve their work.
How to Draw Comics the Marvel Way by Stan Lee and John Romita - a bit dated, but some good advice on setting up a traditional studio and workflow. There is a video of it too.
Dynamic Anatomy by Burne Hogarth; good fundamentals of figure drawing.
Freehand Figure Drawing for Illustrators by David H. Ross.
Drawing on the Right Side of the Brain by Betty Edwards.
The Art of Comic Book Inking by Gary Martin and Steve Rude.
Perspective for Comic Book Artists and Extreme Perspective for Comic Book Artists by David Chelsea.
How to Think When You Draw and How to Think When You Write by the Etherington Brothers.
Directing the Story by Francis Glebas - a guide for storyboard artists that is also very useful for cartooning.
The Graphic Artist’s Guild Handbook of Pricing and Ethical Guidelines. Extremely useful for anyone who wants to know what to charge for their artwork and how to conduct oneself as a freelancer, even if you don’t plan on being one.


Jan Amos Komenský was one of the most influential Czech thinkers, philosophers, and authors. His literary legacy is extensive and impressive. While his key works have always been studied, his correspondence, which he maintained with the most prominent scholars from across Europe, has become a subject of research only recently. For example, an Internet database of his letters is being set up at Oxford University.
The first lecture entitled Jan Amos Komenský and Correspondence Networks of the European Republic of Letters, given by PhDr. Vladimír Urbánek, Ph.D., took place on the 19th of October. The lecture offered a geographical overview of Komenský’s correspondence partners within the Republic of Letters and introduced some of its key protagonists. PhDr. Vladimír Urbánek, Ph.D., head of the Department of Comenius Studies and Early Modern Intellectual History at the Institute of Philosophy, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, also discussed Komenský’s connections with an influential group of scholars in Gdańsk and with the London based circle of Samuel Hartlib.
The series continued on the 5th of November with the lecture Digital Analysis and Visualisation of Early Modern Scholarly Correspondence, delivered by Mgr. Iva Lelková, Ph.D. of the Department of Comenius Studies and Early Modern Intellectual History at the Institute of Philosophy ASCR. In her lecture, Dr Lelková introduced several projects from a rapidly developing “digital humanities” field, which deals with analysing and visualising data from the humanities, and with digitalising and further studying of written texts. “Digital humanities combine methodologies of the humanities with IT tools. Such projects offer metadata, multimedia, or interactive software as their outcomes. How to assess such outcomes, which frequently involve years of research, within the Czech science assessment methodologies, is still a problem yet to be solved,” Dr Lelková adds.
Online correspondence databases
Three Cultures of Knowledge projects from the Oxford University were introduced at the lecture: http://www.culturesofknowledge.org/, http://republicofletters.stanford.edu/ and http://ckcc.huygens.knaw.nl/epistolarium/.
The Department of Comenius Studies has been working together with the Cultures of Knowledge project for the past four years. As a part of the project, an online database of J. A. Komenský’s correspondence has been created. It is available at http://emlo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/.
Philosophical Faculty student, Journal intern
Photo: Archive of the University of Pardubice


There are many different "styles" you may choose from when citing sources. MLA (Modern Language Association), Chicago, and APA (American Psychological Association) are the three most common styles. Your professor will probably tell you which style(s) he or she would like you to use. If you are not sure, check the list on the left for the style most commonly used in your subject area.
This guide contains resources to help you in using each of the major citation styles. Have questions or need more help? Ask a librarian.


Color Me Beautiful has been printed more than 4 million times. The color rendition, especially of the models, is a bit less accurate as in the earlier editions. In 1981, the printing press required plates (black, blue, red and yellow – sometimes 6 plates) and color corrections were done by hand (called dot etching). Today we have computers to adjust colors and PDF files to transfer books from print to electronics.
Some used books have the color pages torn out. Even library books had color pages removed by the reader who last checked out the book. New books are still in print for Color Me Beautiful so you can be assured you will receive the color pages. You will need to buy used books for Color For Men and the Color Me Beautiful Makeup Book. Beware: there is no hard cover of the Makeup Book, though it is offered on Amazon.
The contact information in the back of most books is obsolete. The phone number belongs to an Exxon station in McLean, VA. (I am told that the person answering the phone “rudely hangs up” when asked if he sells color swatches. Poor man! I hope he doesn’t get 4 million calls!) Alas, I can no longer offer fabric color swatches nor the wonderful brand-name makeup guide. BUT, ON MY WEBSITE, I AM OFFERING PRINT YOUR OWN SWATCHES – as accurately as possible – with recommendations for appropriate paper.
iBooks and Kindle Fire offer color in their electronic books. Kindle is only in black and white. If you print your colors, you can do well with Kindle even though you won’t be able to see the coloring of the models.
The information about color as well as the other topics in the book is valid. Figure analysis, clothing personality, eye glasses, hair color, wardrobe planning and more – are all VALID for today’s woman.
The STYLE of clothing in the beautiful illustrations is outdated and will likely give you a chuckle. Some of the models’ makeup style is not today’s look – you won’t see lip gloss – but the application techniques are fine. The publisher insisted we call blush “rouge”, a term my granny used. No biggie.
If you read the reviews, you’ll find that most are highly positive and find the information valuable and timeless. I’ll have to ask Ballantine Books (Random House) if they want to spend money reshooting all the models. I doubt it, but that would be fun! The younger generation often hasn’t heard of getting Personal Colors or of being an Autumn, Summer, Winter or Spring (unless their moms had their colors analyzed), but they might love it, too. Enjoy your colors, dear friends, in whatever form you receive them.


A delightful escape from today’s social norms and dynamics of love, the Sisters of Versailles provides a glimpse back to the time of royals of the 18th century where status reigns supreme and there is a protocol for acceptable romantic scandals and adultery. While focused on the past, the story in many ways is a reflection of what is common, yet hidden, in our society today.
The story captures a period in the King of France’s life where he is bewitched and beguiled by five sisters – each with distinct personalities and driven by differing desires and motivations. Each sister is faced with the option to pursue the ultimate position in French society as mistress of the king and it is interesting to see how their individual pursuits or lack thereof impacts the king’s life, his rule over France and the sibling relationship they have with each other. Sally Christie’s writing is rich and fulsome, capturing the different motivations of each sister adeptly – ambition, money, religion, loyalty and love.
The story is told from two angles – letters written by the sisters to each other as well as from each sister’s point of view. Christie balances between each with precision and the variety makes for an engaging story. The plot unfolds at a compelling pace, gradually revealing more of the sisters’ lives. The contrast between the sisters’ lives as represented in their letters and the actual life led by each adds to the breadth of the story. Subtly introduced, karma also plays a big role in the sister’s lives. This enchanting tale has all the elements to be an enjoyable read for a variety of tastes.


Knowledge is power.
There is a lot of information on healthy eating and I want to share a few of the best books on healthy eating that pertain to getting the most nutrient dense food.
Nutrition and Physical Degeneration
This book by Weston Price is a great book to get an understanding of why we deal with the health issues we have today. He traveled the world to find answers to why we have so many health problems in America compared to other places that aren’t even as developed as the US is. He shows how we have turned away from the foods that give us the nutrition we need to have vibrant health and replaced them with foods that are nutrient deficient and harmful. I think it is so interesting how he points out that there are cultures in the world that don’t have cancer and heart disease or diabetes like America does and when people with these health issues got the nutrients they needed the ailment went away.
The title of this book states “The cookbook that challenges the politically correct nutrition and the diet dictocrats” and that is so true. This is way more than a basic cookbook as it is more of an encyclopedia of food, nutrition, preparation methods, and food history. Our family has changed many eating habits because of the info in this book. A great tool for those wanting to learn the basics of preparing healthy nutrient dense meals that taste great.
The Grassfed Gourmet cookbook
If you are cooking with grass fed pastured meats like we are you will notice that they have different characteristics than conventional fare. This is an excellent recourse for those wanting to get the very best out of their premium quality meats. It helps with using the right cooking methods since pastured meat needs to be prepared properly. One of the biggest issues this book helps with is how to get the temperature of the meat right since one of the most common mistakes with cooking pastured meat is over cooking it.
Learn how to buy local food from the producer.
Joel Salatin’s book “Holy Cows and Hog Heaven” is a great book to help anyone understand the issues with finding locally produced food. If you have been wanting to keep your food dollars more local and purchase high quality products direct from the producer you may have noticed that it can be difficult at times. The consumer and the producers of food have been removed from each other by big corporate business and they have done a great job of making government regulations to keep you and I from buying the food we want from the people we want. Many folks don’t realize that we don’t have the food freedom in this country to choose how we buy our food if we want to buy from a local small farmer. Joel’s book explains the problems with clarity and even humor as well as offers some suggestions to help each of us do our part to make changes to this broken system.
Please leave a comment or question you may have about these books or other relevant books.
Thank you and God bless!


to the online home of Old Segundo Productions. We are an innovative
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Two new videos about the air war in Europe From Pyote to Fortress Europe: The 381st Bomb Group and the Air War in Europe and Dry Gulcher Down: A B-17's Fiery End Over Shalford Village have been released and now are available on DVD.
A new film on the rodeo history is now available. From Dublin to Madison Square Garden: Everett Colborn and the World Championship Rodeo, 1937-1959.
A new film on the evacuation of Japanese Americans in World War II America has been released. Our Journey: Yotaro & Aya Arimura and a family's Life in Twentieth Century America.
These four documentary films and a host of other documentaries are available for immediate shipping. See our video catalog for complete details.


Explore our library of courses to help you transform your life, see the world, and make a positive impact.
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Importance of Reading Books. It is noted in our society, that even educated people do not like reading books. They try to spend their leisure time with their friends or hanging around without any reason, thus wasting it in unhealthy and frivolous activities.
Essay Writing Service of the Highest Quality, Our essay writing service provides custom papers written from,. and will be able to obtain most modern books for you through the inter-library loan system in the UK and many other. I teach 6th grade Reading and for the past three years, the students who came to me had no clue how to.
The Joy Of Reading (Essay Sample) June 12, 2017 by admin Essay Samples, Free Essay Samples.. I prefer reading management books and other spiritual books to fiction books. This is a journey that has been fantastic because I able to learn something with each passing day by reading.
Firstly, Reading books will improve our memorizing skill. For us, being able to memorize things faster and longer is important, it will make our study easier because we will remember the material easily, and when the teachers are explaining their lesson we can remember the material faster so we will not be left behind when the teachers are explaining it fast.
Essay on Importance of Books in our life: Books are of great importance in our daily life. Reading books gives us immense knowledge about the outside world. When we develop a healthy habit of reading books only then we realize the significant value of books in our life.
Essay on My Hobby Reading Books - I have many friends at school and I love to play with them. In my neighbourhood also there are many children who are.
Writing a winning essay about books can help you improve your understanding of the text and get a high grade. Read about effective ways to create an effective persuasive essay about an exciting piece of literature you have read and convince your audience that it is worth reading.
Absolutely FREE essays on Reading Books. All examples of topics, summaries were provided by straight-A students. Get an idea for your paper.
Importance of Reading Books: Benefits of Reading Books When was the last time you read a good book and went on an adventure, learned something new, exercised your brain, and fed your curiosities? From the moment we start school, our educators begin teaching us the fundamentals of reading.
Search the world's most comprehensive index of full-text books. My library.
Essay reading books for topic a essay. This equation says that unplugging from email and social development a set of histori art. Sodexo also often helps its clients to earn a residency visa for canada must take to deal with the radius of curvature of earth as km.
But sometimes there’s a need for more specific knowledge that will accelerate your progress. If you want to produce great pieces of writing and impress your peers and teachers, you should take a look at the following list of best books on essay writing.
Value Of Books Books play a crucial purpose to our existence, making them an inevitable phenomenon to a person’s life. Books open a completely new world filled with knowledge, life lessons, helpful advice, entertaining aspects that motivates one and elicit the advancement of life. By books being immortal, they provide friendships; food for the mind, entertainment, promotes reflection and.
Essay on importance of reading books. Reading is one of the most important habits that we need to develop as we grow up.
Reading books is better than watching TV The appearance of book is thousands of years earlier than the invention of TV. And they didn’t disappear these years show they’re both valuable and they have their own advantages. However, I think reading books is better than watching TV in most ways. Firstly, reading books is alternative.
Included: reading essay content. Preview text: Reading and having access to books are things that many of us today, in the developed world should take for granted. We are made to learn to read in school but most of us don't think twice about being able to read. I would say that reading is a relax.
Benefits of reading books: 1. Gives new way to life, Gives Different perspective to life 2. Reading makes you smarter 3. Reading Increase creativity and Imagination 4. Improves memory 5. To learn from masters. If you are a person who is not fond of reading books then you might be missing out.
Importance of Reading Books: 8 Benefits of Reading Books for Life. There are numerous people who are trying to emphasize the importance of reading books and there is a very good reason for it. It's not only about getting to know famous works but also protecting the health of your brain.
Researchers have been examining the differences between reading regular books and e-books for years. Many of the studies have shown that reading old-fashioned books has plenty of advantages over e-books, which can be gateways to other electronic distractions, all of which screw with your sleep.


Duck, Death and the Tulip: Book Review
Duck, Death, and the Tulip
How I live with death as my frenemy
‘Duck, Death, and the Tulip’ is a bittersweet picture book about Duck meeting, and eventually befriending, Death (a personified character in this book). A deceptively simple looking book, in both its prose and illustration, it takes us through a deeply emotional and surprisingly warm journey of understanding and reckoning with death.
One thing I’m in awe of whenever I engage with this book, is the wide range of themes and emotions it brings up in different people. I find myself seeing different meanings in this book every time I come to it. When I sat with this book during Suicide Prevention Month I found myself once again rethinking what this book means to me.
As a person with lived experience around suicide, I couldn’t help but notice the parallels between Duck and Death’s relationship in this book and my own relationship with death. When you live your life with death always so near, you experience life differently. While exploring this book through this lens, I realized my journey of healing was akin to Duck’s journey befriending death. I wouldn’t say that death is my friend, but I would say that death is my frenemy. Some days it feels suffocating to feel death so near. Other days there is a comfort in having death by my side. I’ve come to see my relationship with death as my resistance to the systems of our world that have consistently told me I don’t deserve to lead a content life.
Death is an immutable fact of life. The depiction of the experience of death in this book, with all its grief, inevitability, and nonchalance, is something I deeply resonate with. Often, in books tackling this topic or any kind of grief, there is a more positive or nostalgic frame that I simply can’t connect with. These books often talk about death as something that happens to you or as something that happens to someone close to you. These books often talk about dealing with the aftermath of a death.
To live with death by your side is a completely different experience. It is a struggle, exhausting yet liberating, and a positive or nostalgic frame doesn’t feel like it truly does this experience justice. ‘Duck, Death, and the Tulip’ speaks to death with so much more nuance and realness than I’ve ever seen in a picture book, and I’m so grateful to have such a representation of death on our shelves.
Pause Library does it again with this beautiful book, allowing me to feel seen in ways I never thought I needed. Thank you ‘Duck, Death, and the Tulip’. Until we meet again.


First, a few theses from Johannes Maccovius’s Theological and Philosophical Distinctions and Rules, ch. 1, On Holy Scripture:
XXXVIII. The object of theology and the object of philosophy are diverse and distinct.
XXXIX. Truth never runs counter to (pugno) truth.
XL. Sound reason and theology do not conflict (pugno).1
Second, a thesis from Gisbertus Voetius’s Thersites, self-tormentor:
I. The light of nature does not fight with (pugno) the light of grace, nor philosophy with theology. Therefore, a-theological, and also doing injury to God and His truth, are those who condemn philosophy.2
Third, a summation from Herman Bavinck’s Reformed Dogmatics, which employs the “non pugno” motif in Bavinck’s European narrative style:
If theology thus has its internal principle not in faith as such but in believing reflection, the task of reason in theological science calls for further definition. In this context we must first of all and fundamentally reject the notion that regards faith and reason as two independent powers engaging in a life-and-death struggle with each other. . . . Faith, the faith by which we believe (de fides qua creditur), is not an organ or faculty next to or above reason but a disposition or habit of reason itself. . . . Faith, therefore, does not relieve Christians of the desire to study and reflect; rather it spurs them on to the end. Nature is not destroyed by regeneration but restored.
Believers who want to devote themselves to the study of theology, accordingly, must prepare their minds for the task awaiting them. There is no admission to the temple of theology except by way of the study of the arts. Indispensable to the practitioner of the science of theology is philosophical, historical, and linguistic preparatory training.3
- Distinctiones et regulae theologicae ac philosophicae (1653), 20-21; translation from Scholastic Discourse: Johannes Maccovius (1588–1644) on Theological and Philosophical Distinctions and Rules, translated and edited by Willem J. van Asselt, Michael D. Bell, Gert van den Brink, Rein Ferwerda (Apeldoorn: Instituut voor Reformatieonderzoek, 2009), 78–81. ↩
- Thersites heautontimorumenos (Utrecht : Ex Officinâ Abrahami ab Herwiick & Hermanni Ribbii, 1635), 347; translation from Aza Goudriaan, Reformed Orthodoxy and Philosophy, 1625–1750: Gisbertus Voetius, Petrus Van Mastricht, and Anthonius Driessen, Brill’s Series in Church History 26 (Brill, 2006), 30; cf. B. Hoon Woo, “‘The Understanding of Gisbertus Voetius and René Descartes on the Relationship of Faith and Reason, and Theology and Philosophy,” Westminster Theological Journal 75, No. 1 (2013): 45–63; quote referenced at p. 54. ↩
- Vol. 1, Prolegomena, trans. John Vriend, ed. John Bolt (Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2003), 616–17; Bavinck quotes Voetius’s disputations at 616n41; see also 618n46 for Bavinck’s short list of sources on the philosophy-theology relation, which includes the same disputations by Voetius. ↩


When a man showers all of his attention on a woman, it can feel incredibly romantic, and can blind her to hints of problems ahead. But what happens when that attentiveness becomes domination? For certain people, the desire to control leads to jealousy, threats, micromanaging—even physical violence. Lisa Aronson Fontes draws on both professional expertise and personal experience to provide practical guidance and support for readers who find themselves trapped in a web of coercive control. Understanding this destructive pattern and why it occurs is the first step toward repairing or ending a relationship that has become toxic. Readers get vital tools for determining if they are in danger and if their partner can change—and for getting their freedom back.
“I wish I’d had this book in my youth, when I was the victim of coercion that whittled away at my self-esteem. This book should be in every women’s center, police station, and therapist’s office. It cuts through the jargon, gets to the heart of the matter, and provides tools of liberation.”—Magdalena Gómez, author of Shameless Woman
“The first comprehensive guide to overcoming coercive control. Dr. Fontes provides simple tools to assess your own or a loved one’s relationship and offers practical steps to getting free, illustrated with real-life stories. The writing is sharp and evocative and the research is impeccable. A pathbreaking work.”—Evan Stark, PhD, MSW, Professor Emeritus, Rutgers University School of Public Affairs
“Dr. Fontes makes the dynamics of coercive control understandable to everyone. In plain language and with clear examples, she describes the tactics of domineering individuals and their effects on victims. Dr. Fontes is particularly thoughtful about including diverse couples and families. After reading this book, no one will be able to ask, ‘Why does she stay?'”—Juan Carlos Areán, Director, National Latin@ Network for Healthy Families and Communities
“This book reveals hidden dimensions behind relationships where one partner is controlled by the other. Dr. Fontes explains the dynamics of coercive control and deciphers the pattern so we can all understand it. Read this book and reclaim your life.”—Rabbi Efraim Eisen, marriage, family, and child therapist, Amherst, Massachusetts
“This book is gripping and nuanced. It will be extremely helpful to anyone grappling with issues of coercive control. As a therapist with decades of experience, and a person who has been in coercive relationships, I learned a great deal. The stories of women and men from wide-ranging backgrounds pulled me in deeply. Complex, profound ideas are expressed in easy-to-read language. A ‘must-have’ resource!”—Janine Roberts, EdD, past president, American Family Therapy Academy
“Fontes’s writing is clear and vividly illustrated with real-life stories from her decades of work helping abuse victims become survivors. Invisible Chains is a hopeful book that shows a way out of coercive control relationships and illustrates the promise of healing and recovery.”—Jeffrey L. Edleson, PhD, Dean and Professor, School of Social Welfare, University of California, Berkeley
“This powerful and informative resource delivers essential information in a nonjudgmental and sensitive manner. People who work in the legal and criminal justice systems need this book to help keep victims and their children safe. The book is easy to read, but in no way simplistic. I will be placing a copy of this book in our office library as a resource for our attorneys and advocates.”—Ismael R. Ozanne, Dane County District Attorney, Madison, Wisconsin


- Digital Infrastructure for the Learning Health System: The Foundation for Continuous Improvement in Health and Health Care: Workshop Series Summary (The Learning Health System Series).
- Advanced Methods And Tools for ECG Data Analysis.
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Addison Paul S. Wavelet transforms and the ECG: a review, Physiol. Flandrin P. Haykin: editor. Prentice-Hall, NJ.
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Choi H. Improved time-frequency representation of multicomponent signals using exponential kernels, IEEE Trans. Signal Process.
Hlawatsch, F. L, and Jones W. Smoothed pseudo-Wigner distribution, Choi-Williams distribution, and cone-kernel representation: Ambiguity-domain analysis and experimental comparison, Signal Processing, vol. Thayaparan T. February Detection of a manoeuvring air target in sea-clutter using joint time-frequency analysis techniques. Guo Z.
Chapter 2: ECG Acquisition, Storage, Transmission, and Representation
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- The Immigrant Exodus: Why America Is Losing the Global Race to Capture Entrepreneurial Talent.
- Molecular Biophysics of the Extracellular Matrix (Molecular Biology and Biophysics).
- Heart Rate Variability - How to Analyze ECG Data - iMotions;
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All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks havebeen appropriately capitalized. Artech House cannot attest to the accuracy of this infor-mation.
Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of anytrademark or service mark. Circuit Classification Initially, this book was conceived primarily as a vessel for collecting together cur-rent research in ECG analysis that we considered to be important guides of how toapply complex techniques to this field. However, it is not our intention to simplypresent a collection of colleagues papers with an index and contents.


A Russian narrative by the well-liked Russian writer Sergei Dovlatov, A Foreign Female has been producing waves inside the literary location in recent years. That tells the storyplot of a fresh woman named Vera, who have moved to Nyc to go after a career. She meets an extremely handsome man, Victor, and it becomes apparent that their particular love provides far-reaching effects. Vera’s loyalty is analyzed and her personal and professional associations are put under a number of strain. The story is very suspenseful, but likewise extremely exquisite at the same time.
Sentira sets out achievable York to pursue her dream. When she is apart, Victor begins a very successful company in Nyc. Soon enough, he discovers that his business success is definitely not as a result of luck, but rather because of effort and devotion. He likewise learns about the women that are in charge of his success, including Orilla. But before long, Vera starts to realize that the girl needs to profit home.
There is not any deficit of beautiful scenery in New York City, but Vera is forced to live with another type of set of guidelines than her family does. For example , this lady has to learn the men-only contemporary society that is actually in Nyc. This has caused her being quite bitter and even unhealthy toward her boyfriend, Victor. When Victor gets involved in an affair with one of Vera’s female close friends, things get worse.
As the innovative focuses even more on Vera and Victor’s relationship, there is a lot of romance between them. Each of the characters are both very different, however they share a great connection and bond. Nevertheless , what makes them hence interesting is that Vera is much more powerful than Victor. Her determination and take pleasure in for her mother, father, and Victor, produce her one of the compelling woman characters I have read recently.
I really really enjoyed reading this wonderful story. The story is certainly well-written as well as the plot is fairly intriguing. Even though I’m a bit more biased, I really believe that the allure is a huge aspect in the success of this book. But let’s face this, if the scenario didn’t have got a dating, then it wouldn’t end up being that interesting..
Overall, Foreign Women is the perfect book. I recommend puerto rico girls that you just give it a try.
If you need to buy this book, you can visit my personal blog and read my book review site. You will discover A Foreign Girl by Observara Collins in this article. If you haven’t read the book, you should.


For $10 a month, the service offers unlimited access to more than 100,000 titles, books that can be read across a number of devices, and at the reader’s pleasure. This is no fly-by-night operation. Already, it has signed up big-name publishers like HarperCollins, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, and others. And those companies are, in turn, providing some of their biggest titles. That’s why Oyster has been called the “Netflix for books.” CNET recently caught up with Stromberg, both by e-mail and by phone, and asked him about Oyster’s origins, its goals, and how it will conquer the world of putting books in readers’ hands. The following is a lightly edited transcript.
How the ‘Netflix of books’ won over the publishing industry (Q&A)


The mission of the Northwest Biosolids Management Association is to advance environmental sustainability through the beneficial use of biosolids.
Members of the Northwest Biosolids Management Association (NBMA) support the beneficial use of biosolids and have joined forces to meet the challenge of finding safe, economical ways to manage biosolids. The organization's purpose is to share knowledge about biosolids management between member agencies and companies; local, state and federal regulators; and the general public.
New in the online library
- Nitrosamines in bacon: a case study of balancing risks
- Occurrence and fate of nitrosamines and their precursors in municipal sludge and anaerobic digestion systems
- N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) as a drinking water contaminant: A review
- Degradation of N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in landscape soils
- Detection and occurrence of N-Nitrosamines in archived biosolids from the targeted National Sewage Sludge Survey of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency


Melissa graduated from the College in 2014 with a double major in French and German with a minor in Gender Studies. She then worked at Georgetown in Lauinger, as well as in the private sector in the translation field. After returning from advanced French studies in Bordeaux, France, she returned to Georgetown as Executive Assistant to the Dean of Student Financial Services, Patricia McWade, and Program Director of Common $ense. She looks forward to helping make partnerships between the other Georgetown programs and Common $ense. Her favorite money-saving tip is checking out books for class from the library instead of buying or renting them, which probably saved her up enough money to fly to France and back throughout her four years at Georgetown.
I'm busy working on my blog posts. Watch this space!


Past Articles Featuring SCAPT Members
Check out APT articles published in the APT Magazines featuring SCAPT Founding President, Sandra Frick-Helms, PhD, Cathy Cooper, PhD, and Rebecca Moise, PhD.
Sandra Frick-Helms, PhD, RN was a Clinical Professor in the Department of Child and Adolescence Neuropsychiatry at the University of South Carolina when this article was written. She is SCAPT Founding President and past Play Therapy magazine clinical editor, and a 2008 Leadership Academy class member.
SCAPT Founding President, Sandra Frick-Helms, PhD, RN, RPT-S is the author of Question Number One in Client-Centered Play Therapy: What is the Ideal Frequency of Empathic Responses? (Volume 3, Issue 2-June 2008) which offers a thoughtful analysis of questions related to the process of responding. (Reprinted with permission from APT)
Rebecca Moise, PhD, LISW-CP was a private practitioner in Seneca, SC and a SCAPT member. The names of Emily and Rachel Grantz and identifying information were changed to maintain confidentiality
Rachel’s Journey Part II: What Her Therapist Saw (Volume 2, Issue 2-June 2007) features the play therapist’s perspective written by Rebecca Moise, PhD, LISW-CP. Part I was written in an earlier issue presenting the perspective of Emily’s mother. (Reprinted with permission from APT)
Cathy Cooper, PhD is a SCAPT Charter member and certified school counselor. At the time of this article Dr. Cooper was an Early Intervention Team Counselor in Richland School District One.
Therapeutic Aspects of Play in the Serendipitous Session (Volume 1, Issue 1-March 2006) by Rebecca Moise, PhD, LISW-CP shows how a case example by Cathy Cooper, PhD, LPC, RPT, can be used as a basis for theoretical analysis of play therapy approaches. (Reprinted with permission from APT)


Sequence and Genome Analysis, Second Edition
Welcome to the Web site that will accompany Bioinformatics: Sequence and Genome Analysis, Second Edition. The complete Web site will become available for use for the Fall semester and will be freely available to all Web users. To purchase the book, click here.
ABOUT THIS WEB SITE
The bioinformaticsonline.org Web site augments the content of Bioinformatics: Sequence and Genome Analysis, Second Edition. Users of this site can:
- access Web sites mentioned in the book from hyperlinked versions of the relevant tables
- access BioPerl, Perl, and R script programs described in the book
- receive announcements about updates and additions
ABOUT THIS BOOK
Computational analysis of the data generated by genome sequencing, proteomics, and array-based technologies is critically important. The second edition of Bioinformatics: Sequence and Genome Analysis provides comprehensive instruction in computational methods for analyzing DNA, RNA, and protein data, with explanations of the underlying algorithms, the advantages and limitations of each method, and strategies for their application to biological problems.
The previous edition of this textbook, based on the pioneering couse given at the University of Arizona by the author, David W. Mount, was the first to be widely adopted for course use around the world. The second edition has been extensively revised, with guidance provided by experienced instructors, to maximize its value for both undergraduate and graduate level teaching.
NEW IN THIS EDITION OF THE BOOK
Chapter updates and revisions: Chapters covering sequence alignment, structure prediction, phylogenetic and gene prediction, database searching, and genome analysis have been updated and rewritten for clarity and accessibility.
Additional chapters: New chapters have been added on programming for bioinformatics using Perl and BioPerl modules and on statistical analysis of microarrays.
Enhanced online support: Additional material is available on this Web site, freely accessible to all.
New and improved assistance for teaching: New features that enhance the book's value for both instructors and students include:
This book is an ideal foundation for teaching at the undergraduate and graduate levels. It is also highly suited for self-instruction by research investigators interested in applying computational methods of analysis and information technologists associated with academic and industrial laboratories.
- Concise introductions: brief explanations of background and context for each chapter
- What should be learned in this chapter: summaries of the essential concepts and skills a student should absorb from each chapter
- Glossary terms: definitions of the specialized vocabulary used in each chapter
- Problem sets: insightful questions instructors can use to test students' understanding of the concepts and skills emphasized in each chapter
- Practical examples: descriptions of the application of computational methods to real-world investigations of biological problems
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
David W. Mount is Professor of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Director of Bioinformatics at the Arizona Cancer and the Southwest Environmental Sciences Center at the University of Arizona. In addition to bioinformatics research, he also has laboratory experience in genetics, molecular biology, and evolutionary biology. Bioinformatics: Sequence and Genome Analysis, Second Edition, is based on a course he teaches at the University of Arizona and on his research at the University of Arizona.


The Future of the Internet and How to Stop It
by Jonathan Zittrain
Yale University Press, 2008
The last book I read, Yochai Benkler’s,The Wealth of Networks, left me feeling generally optimistic about the cooperative, collaborative, not-for-profit aspirations of our species that are forging successful experiments of social production on the Internet. Benkler cheered me into thinking that, even with all the larceny, depravity, bigotry and witless crudity that stalks the Internet, perhaps humanity’s long-term direction really is upward. Maybe the Internet will turn out to be a shining city on the hill where our higher cooperative and selfless instincts prevail against the profit motive and anarchy to erect temples of collective achievement like Wikipedia.
Next, I read The Future of the Internet and How to Stop It, in which Jonathan Zittrain tells me that this great social leap forward could be frog-marched into an evolutionary cul-de-sac by the same dark human impulses that created the military industrial complex: fear, greed and power-mongering.
The Future of the Internet is Zittrain’s wake-up call to shake us from the complacency inspired by the success of the same generative projects that Benkler cites, such as open source software and Wikipedia. Zittrain defines generativity as “a system’s capacity to produce unanticipated change through unfiltered contributions from broad and varied audiences.” Our cherished open, generative Internet, Zittrain says, has also spawned noxious side effects — spam, denial-of-service attacks, viruses, spyware, invasions of privacy, and threats to copyright — that threaten the profits of corporations and the secrets of governments. They also try the patience and rattle the nerves of the PC-using masses.
An antidote to the toxic detritus that flows through the generative, open Internet, Zittrain asserts, is the opposing model of Internet appliances. These more secure devices such as iPhones, Blackberries, and Xboxes, afford access to the Internet, but unlike programmable PCs, they are essentially “locked down” by the manufacturers. Appliances don’t let us manipulate data on the web or come up with innovative new ways to use them. Zittrain acknowledges that appliances may be perfectly suited to certain functions. His warning is that we are at a crossroads of exasperation with the downside of the generative Internet, and vulnerable to allowing corporate and government interests to steer innovation to a dead-end by foisting an appliance based future on us.
Zittrain’s main achievement in The Future of the Internet is that he lucidly and entertainingly alerts us to what may be at stake by framing his argument in the context of how computing and Internet technology co-evolved. According to Zittrain, the creative, anarchic, anyone-can-play innovative spirit that gave rise to our favorite Internet things, from search engines to YouTube, Skype and social networking sites, is seriously at risk if we go down the appliance road.
One of the more persuasive aspects of The Future of the Internet is the historical perspective Zittrain provides. For example, he notes that two revolutionary products of the age — the Apple II and the iPhone — were both launched by Steve Jobs. While the Apple II inspired generativity in the form of tinkering and programming, the iPhone was locked down. Since Zittrain’s book was published in May of this year, Jobs has opened the iPhone to the developer community, inviting some measure of generativity, but Zittrain’s example nicely illustrates his point. Another historical sea change that Zittrain notes is the decline of the “walled gardens” of CompuServe and AOL against the tide of today’s open Internet, a development that struck me as not unlike the collapse of the Soviet Union. Zittrain’s warning is that the closed paradigm is making a resurgence in the form of corporate controlled appliances. Can Russia’s march into Georgia be a mere coincidence?
As a technological Paul Revere ride (“The appliances are coming!”), Zittrain is not entirely convincing in all aspects of the argument. He returns to the code level as the most important aspect of generativity, but fails to make the case that this is in danger of being taken away from serious open coders. And while tethered appliances may proliferate, it seems unlikely that they will replace PCs in a zero sum game.
Nor does Zittrain deliver much of a corrective prescription to fulfill the “How to stop it” aspect of his title. One approach to preserving generativity, Zittrain says, is to “ensure that individual wrongdoers can be held directly responsible.” His hope is that if the bad guys can be effectively brought to justice and especially deterred from raining on the online parade, corporations and governments will be far less twitchy about leaving the doors to the Internet unlocked at night.
The Future of the Internet is a lively, eloquent argument for preserving the innovative soul of the Internet. While I’m not entirely convinced that we’re now at High Noon in the generative vs. appliance shoot out, I recommend the book for its illuminating historical perspective on the evolution of the Internet and its compelling framing of the issues that will have tremendous bearing on where we go from here.