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The Global Spread of Soccer: How it Became the World's Most Popular Sport
Soccer or Association Football, as it is officially known, is an intrinsic part of life for millions of people around the world. To understand how this game achieved its global stature, we need to delve into its rich historical roots.
Originating in England in the 19th century, soccer holds a unique place in the history of sports. Its origins trace back centuries to games played in multiple cultures and countries. From the Chinese game of 'cuju' to the Roman 'harpastum', and the Native American game of 'pasuckuakohowog', these early forms of soccer show how a ball and a desire to compete are universally human attributes.
The modern game we now know as soccer emerged after the formation of the Football Association (FA) in England in 1863. The ‘Laws of the Game’ were established, which intended to base the game entirely on skill rather than physical contact. This revolutionized 'football' from a mildly-informed and often violent game into a universally accepted sport of skill, strategy, and fitness.
Soccer's spread across the globe is largely accredited to Britain's influence through its Empire and industrial prowess. British merchants, sailors, and soldiers introduced the beautiful game to different parts of the world. It arrived in South America in the late 19th century, brought by British railway workers in Argentina, and from there spread throughout the continent, becoming ingrained in local cultures.
The creation of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) in 1904 was another landmark moment in soccer’s spread. FIFA's organization of the first World Cup in Uruguay in 1930 crystallized soccer’s global appeal.
Up until this point, soccer was largely a male-dominated sport. However, the 20th century witnessed an increased popularity of women’s soccer. Despite facing a ban in England (which lasted until 1971), women’s soccer saw a stark rise after World War I. The First Women’s World Cup was held in 1991, a huge leap forward for the game's inclusivity.
The globalization of media has also played a significant role in spreading soccer’s popularity throughout the 20th and 21st centuries. International broadcasts of games and tournaments have made the sport accessible to a wider audience than ever before.
Exploring the Ancient Roots of Soccer: From China to Britain
The ancient roots of soccer can be traced back to the second and third centuries BC in China. During this era, the Chinese military developed a game called 'Tsu Chu,' which roughly translates to 'kicking ball.' It involved players trying to kick a leather ball filled with hair and feathers through a small opening, measured around 9-12 inches in diameter, and positioned at the top of a silk-cloth net that was stretched between bamboo poles. The key rule was that no player was allowed to use their hands. It’s not hard to see parallels between Tsu Chu and the contemporary game of soccer.
Still following the thread of history towards the roots of soccer, let us journey to Japan. Here, in 50 BC, a sport known as Kemari was established. It was a game played by nobles and aristocrats and was less competitive than Tsu Chu. The players stood in a circle and tried to keep a ball air-borne by kicking it back and forth to each other, thus emphasizing collaboration rather than competition.
Migration over to ancient Greece, around 400-375 BC, we find the game Episkyros, which later got passed on to the Roman Empire, where it took the name Harpastum. In Episkyros, teams would try to throw a ball over their opponents' heads using their feet, although they could use their hands too, distinguishing it from the soccer we know today. Despite the difference, sources agreed it contributed significantly to the formation of soccer and rugby.
Fast-forwarding a little, the Romans took Harpastum to Britain when they invaded. As years passed, the game evolved and split into two sister sports: football and rugby. This journey and evolution make the game an integral part of ancient British culture as well. Medieval football, as it was known, was typically a competition between neighboring towns and villages involving an unlimited number of players on opposing teams, who would clash in a heaving mass of people struggling to drag inflated pig’s bladder by any means possible to markers at each end of a town.
Not all iterations were so chaotic. In Italy around the 16th century, there was a game called Calcio, played in teams of 27 using both feet and hands to maneuver the ball. It was a mix of wrestling and soccer and allowed punching, elbowing, and biting.


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What's new in Desmond and Moore's interpretation is the idea that this humanitarian concern motivated Darwin's science and guided it on its unique course.
Evolutionary thinking enabled him to rescue the idea of human unity, taking it over from a religion that no longer provided it with adequate support, and put the idea of common descent on a rational foundation.
Desmond and Moore resume the bravura style they employed to dramatic effect in their 1991 biography of Darwin, spurring the historical horses into a gallop, striding across far-flung shores, echoing the thunder of distant battlefields, anatomising the machinations of power, and spicing the whole with artful touches for the reader to relish.
Yes, Darwin surely was "the most gentlemanly gentleman anyone had ever met".
Desmond and Moore emphasise how impressed he had been by the changes that his compatriots had induced in several Fuegians by forcing a crash course in European manners upon them: these "savages" readily showed a capacity to become civilised.
But he was younger then, and so was the century: both were more idealistic and optimistic.
By the time Darwin had reached adulthood, however, opinions around him were growing more equivocal.
During his vision-shaping voyage on the Beagle, he was able to consult an encyclopedia which arranged humankind into 15 separate species, each of a separate origin.
" The image had been mass-produced as a campaigning device, some 20 years before Charles's birth, by his grandfather, the potter Josiah Wedgwood.For those who feel that there is more to science than nature, however, Adrian Desmond and James Moore offer a bold new account of what drove Darwin on.His opposition to slavery in principle is well known, as are his appalled reactions to the evidence of its brutality he encountered on his Beagle voyage, such as the use of thumbscrews to punish slaves, or the man who cowered at his harmless gesture, reflexively anticipating a blow.In successive editions of The Origin of Species, he responded to criticisms by rowing back on his revolutionary idea, reducing the emphasis on natural selection and according more significance to other possible mechanisms of change.
As attitudes to race became harsher, sympathies for black people in the Americas more scant, and the fate of "savages" a matter of indifference, Darwin's own sympathies were blunted by the prevailing fatalism.By the mid-19th-century, many influential voices denied that the enslaved African was a brother, and it was broadly taken for granted that as a man, he was of an inferior sort to his white master.


Jackie clued me into this fact a couple weeks ago, and because I recently tried it out for myself, I want to share with my readers. Simply go to your local library's website and search for a link that says something like, "Download audiobooks and eBooks." Click that link and punch in your library card!
You never have to physically return the books. They just delete from your eReader when teh allotted borrow time has ended. Yah! This means I'll actually read more bestsellers this month.


Omar Kholeif on Shuruq Harb
Vanessa Joan Müller on Özlem Altin
Jens Maier-Rothe on Malak Helmy
Column by Alanna Lockward
The starting point for the current issue was initially summed up with the term “visual agency.” The increase in dissemination channels and the accompanying (at least potential) publicness of visual narratives has resulted in the fact that there is hardly any more control over the contexts in which images circulate and how they are perceived, interpreted, commented on, and exploited. In the (relatively new) mass media euphemistically called “social” networks, images in any case alternate unchecked between the registers of fiction, authenticity and fetish, between evidence and manipulation, criticism and affirmation, and pass through the most varied and contrasting contexts. How do matters therefore stand with respect to the agency of images under these circumstances of the unshackling of the visual? What strategies do artists select to produce a specific context, to occupy the specific site of a visual assertion? How do they react to the routes of appropriation and reinterpretation to which the images lose their title and credits? What is still suppressed so that it cannot become visible? Such questions lead to an idea—of any type whatsoever—of a “site” of images that might be constructed and from which they can be read. Yet, just as what can be seen and what can be said are linked by the boundary that separates them, the contributions in this issue are connected to the idea of their conception in that they oppose or at least, however, shift it.
Shuruq Harb’s The Keeper—which was published in 2011 as a limited book edition—at the same time also comprises an installation and a performance and makes use of the archive of Mustafa, a street vendor in Ramallah, who prints out images from the Internet and sells them in boxes. In the past, Mustafa’s family still imported images, for instance, from China, Lebanon, or Syria. In 2010, Harb acquired some 2,000 of such unsold images and sifted through and arranged them together for The Keeper. This archive documents a changing access to images and a change in how they circulate. Many of these images were at times officially barely accessible or even banned, which is why the archive traces the history of image regimes—public as well as private—and thus represents a specific form of distribution of the sensible.
The work of Özlem Altin is linked with that of Shuruq Harb by the work on or from an archive. Central motifs in her oeuvre are the human body and the codes that it emits. In this, Vanessa Joan Müller, however, finds a subtle moment of the uncanny in and between her images, in the sense of a relationship between the animate and the inanimate that has become blurred, between the body and its eidetic double, which has solidified into a nature morte. The frozen poses, mute gestures, and motionless individuals subject them- selves to the discriminating gaze as objects and yet escape it again and again. What might seem to be a system of ordering can instead be described better through a type of stream of images and image layouts, an ongoing constructing and deconstructing of meanings, references and aesthetics.
Malak Helmy’s contribution goes back to a co-operation on an exhibition between Camera Austria and Beirut last autumn. Unexpected Encounters focused on the translation errors in political and cultural transfer. Malak Helmy participated in this exhibition with a sound work that took the mimetic abilities of the lyrebird as its starting point for addressing questions of identity and subjectivity. In his text contribution, Jens Maier-Rothe also writes about birds, migratory birds and their navigation skills. They always follow the same routes, in which their flight also seems to be a surveying of historical space. The artist pursues these traces in Egypt, a land of change, in which channels of communication decay like the coordinates of everyday life.
Camera Austria International
published quarterly, 100 pages, German / English


Gillespie County Fair
Always held during the hottest part of the summer, the Gillespie County Fair is the oldest, continuously running fair in Texas. Maintaining the strong, traditionally rural roots of the German farming community around Fredericksburg in the Hill Country of Texas, the fair features live horse races, professional bull riding, produce and craft judging, mutton busting, carnival rides, a boisterous midway, and live country music.
The Gillespie County Fair is also, in many ways, a microcosm of the Fredericksburg community as it undergoes the transition from a rock-rimmed agricultural community to a charming, new age tourist destination. The Gillespie County Fair provides the seething backdrop for two intermarried families and a land development scheme that exposes the vicious underbelly of this pastoral community, leads to the demise of two pioneer families, and culminates the triumph of one hard-headed young girl.
Amazon Best Seller in Southern Fiction.CLICK HERE to get your copy.
What they’re saying
“The Gillespie County Fair explores the hidden human stories underpinning day-to-day life in the midst of radical transformations happening all around the world. In a world full of disposable, forgettable fiction, Marc Hess’s storytelling challenges us to step out of our comfortable realities and be curious about what is really going on around us.” ~ Sam Alexander, Austin TX
“Read it! Loved it. Could picture most places in my mind’s eye . . . Kind of a shocker.” ~Susan Hussar, Vienna, VA
“This is a well-written book that fully immersed me in this town and all the families involved. Each character is multi-dimensional, facing real problems and instantly connectable. The themes of redemption and perseverance are inspirational. I admire the structure of this storyline; it flows flawlessly between each character. The ending was definitely not one I could have ever predicted but was a very pleasant shock. I highly recommend this beautiful short read to all readers.” ~ Authors On The Air, Global Radio Network
“A deftly written novel based on the theme of the lethal consequences of gentrification in a rural Texas community, The Gillespie County Fair is an extraordinary read and one that is unreservedly recommended for community library Contemporary General Fiction collections.” ~ James A, Cox, Editor-in-Chief, Midwest Review of Books, Oregon, WI
“A story line so real you’ll recognize the towns and businesses where the characters spend their time. Characters so real you’ll wonder if Marc Hess is writing about your ancestors. Together they make a book so good you’ll read it more than once.” ~ Denise Langley, Reviewer for NetGalley
“I can’t put it down!!” ~ Jane Lehman, Kerrville, TX


The Little Big Heroes Family Devotional is a guide with 52 devotions to do as a family. It includes a guide for each one of the stories in the Little Big Heroes Bible!
Every week, you and your children will learn and grow in your love for the Word together.
The Little Big Heroes Family Devotional, Little Big Heroes Bible, and Jesus In Time Curriculum are all based on the same stories and are all in the same order. This way, you can go deeper and reinforce at home what your child learns at church.
Inspired by the dream of raising a generation that knows and love the Word of God, the Little Big Heroes Bible was designed to help children explore the truth of Jesus and how He connects all the Bible. The Little Big Heroes Bible is a collection of 52 Bible stories; 35 from the Old Testament and 17 from the New Testament. We wanted to focus all our attention on Jesus and His redemptive work. The children will learn a truth about Jesus in every story!
Jesus In Time is the Little Big Heroes’ latest curriculum for the churches. Tag along to a wonderful adventure to discover the Bible through 52 stories and find Jesus in each one. The curriculum follows the same order than the Little Big Heroes Bible and Family Devotional. That way, church and parents can work together and complement each other's work.
Baby's First Bible!
This special edition has shorter stories with thicker, more durable pages, colorful illustrations and is written in rhyme. It includes 20 Bible stories, 12 from the Old Testament and 8 from the New Testament.
In your email, you will receive two complete studies from the Little Big Heroes Family Devotional.


"Each walk brings her home through another world—the world of the living river, the boggy meadows and swamps, the fence rows, the thickets, the forests, her human neighbors yards and gardens, and the desert. All these worlds form a great circle—the circle rotates around Mary and she around it.” (From Crossing Wyoming by David Romtvedt.)
In the essay collection Hiking Alone: Trails Out, Trails Home, New Mexico author Mary Beath writes, “The land itself wraps you in a new skin. But you also feel your own skin turn inside out…You swallow the landforms and open meadows and forests whole; and they swallow you.”
Gail Storey promised not to suffer when she agreed to hike the Pacific Crest Trail with her husband. I’m not talking a half-mile trail here. I’m talking about a 2,663-mile trail from Mexico (south of the border) to Canada (north of the border). Amazing!
“I was shocked into my own existence,” writes Gail after hiking a sleet-covered switchback while being pelted with wind and ice, “born wet and confused on all fours on the muddy earth, deep in the loamy musk of it.”
Yes, we do yearn for this primal reconnection, this reentry into our origins. Not all of us, but enough of us that we hunger for stories like Gail’s because they remind us that we are not alone in this yearning, not alone in our desire to balance the exhale of our frantic lives with the inhale of nature’s rhythms.
|Featured in the Denver Post May 14, 2013|
Each chapter of I Promise Not to Suffer begins with a reference to distance, which helps us get our bearings: We’re this far from Mexico. We’re this far from Canada.
This is a funny and poignant read. And so artfully crafted that it’s easy to miss the simple elegance of her prose. Gail is a fool for love, and when she waxes poetic about Porter, I find myself enthralled. “When he holds me, light-boned against his sculpted muscles, I know I’m being held. No matter how deeply I look into his gray-green eyes, I never touch bottom.”


Hi! In this guide we are going to work our way through learning Ecto, a database library for Elixir (https://github.com/elixir-lang/ecto).
Ecto is written by the excellent Elixir team so no surprise it is truly awesome to work with. Big shout out thanks to Jose Valim, Eric Meadows, and the other 100+ contributors to Ecto. Great job!
My time with Ecto has been awesome. Ecto is fast, composable, and flexible.
The official documentation can be found at: http://hexdocs.pm/ecto
Why write this guide?
The official documentation does a great job demonstrating the API but sometimes it is hard to know where to look right? This guide is not a replacement for the level of detail provided by the official documentation.
If you are coming from Rails, there can be a few bumps on your road to productivity. Ecto is not Active Record. In many ways it is better!
This guide is all about reducing if not eliminating those bumps!
I want help you to get started shipping code and not spending hours reading documentation searching for answers to simple questions.
What to expect from this guide
We will use Ecto inside a Phoenix application to learn all the common database actions. We will demonstrate the code in working tests that you can run and verify things work as expected. We also will cover some best practices for getting the most out of Ecto.
I structured of the guide so it will be an example reference to come back to as you begin working with Ecto.
Let’s get started!


The Clifford the Big Red Dog Wiki (currently of Fandom, formerly Wikia) is a collection of information and pages about the well loved PBS Kids/CBeebies series Clifford the Big Red Dog which was adapted from the book series by the same title. The series ran from September 4, 2000 – February 25, 2003 for a total of 65 episodes. As for Nelvana's 1988 series, we include those. We also include Books! Plus the 2019 relaunch called season 3!
Clifford was the runt of the litter, and was chosen by a city child named Emily Elizabeth Howard as her birthday present. No one expected Clifford to grow, but Emily Elizabeth's love for her tiny red puppy changed Clifford dramatically. Before long, he was over 25 feet (7.6 m) tall, forcing the Howard family to leave the city and move to the open spaces of Birdwell Island.
Clifford The Big Red Dog was one of many PBS Kids shows designed to teach children a number of life lessons. Two 15-minute stories made up each 1/2-hour cartoon. Usually one story featured Clifford and his canine friends, T-Bone and Cleo among them; the other story would focus on Emily Elizabeth and friends her age. One principle was kept religiously: the dogs talked only when humans were not present; otherwise, they only barked.
For more general information about the show see: Clifford (Main Page)
- Not sure where to start?
- Find out more about the wiki on the About page.
- If you are new to wikis, check out the tutorial, and see Help:Contents.
- Check out Help:Starting this wiki if you're setting up the wiki.
- You can find a list of useful templates on Category:Templates
- Adding content


The New York Sun 1/30/2014
Philly.com by Joseph N. DiSrtefano 1/30/2014
The Hindu Business Line 1/30/2014
USA Today by Peter Schiff 1/29/2014
CNBC by Jeff Moranteen 1/29/2014
Gallup 1/29/2014 via Central Valley Business Times
Heritage Foundation by Norbert J. Michel, Ph.D. 1/29/2014
Asia Times Online by Noureddine Krichene 1/29/2014
Yahoo Finance by Lawrence Lewitinn 1/28/2014
Finance Capitalism in New York Resembles a Feudal Structure
For almost fifty years, from 1880 to 1930, financial capitalism approximated a feudal structure in which two great powers, centered in New York, dominated a number of lesser powers, both in New York and in provincial cities. No description of this structure as it existed in the 1920’s can be given in a brief compass, since it infiltrated all aspects of American life and especially all branches of economic life.
At the center were a group of less than a dozen investment banks, which were, at the height of their powers, still unincorporated partnerships. These included J.P. Morgan; the Rockefeller family; Kuhn, Loeb and Company; Dillon, Read and Company; Brown Brothers and Harriman; and others.
From Tragedy to Hope: A History of the World in our Time pg.448 Carrol Quigley – Historian Harvard University


By Wilbur Rich
Race concerns in either nationwide and foreign politics. ranging from this angle, "African American views on Political technological know-how" offers unique essays from prime African American political scientists. jointly, they review the self-discipline, its subfields, the standard of race-related examine, and omissions within the literature. They argue that simply because american citizens don't totally comprehend the many-faceted problems with race in politics of their personal kingdom, they locate it tricky to appreciate ethnic and racial disputes in different nations besides. additionally, partially simply because there are so few African americans within the box, political technological know-how faces a chance of subconscious insularity in technique and outlook. participants argue that the self-discipline wishes a number of views to avoid it from constructing blind spots. Taken as a complete, those essays argue with nice urgency that African American political scientists have a distinct chance and a distinct accountability to reconsider the canon, the norms, and the instructions of the self-discipline.
Read Online or Download African American Perspectives on Political Science PDF
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Not easy the view shared colonial legacy ended in contrasting styles of political improvement in South Asia--democracy in India and authoritarianism in Pakistan and Bangladesh--Ayesha Jalal argues that, regardless of transformations in shape, critical political authority in each one country has faced related threats from ethnic and nearby activities.
In seventeenth-century Japan, the wandering poet Basho built haiku, a seventeen-syllable poetic shape now maybe the main largely written kind of poetry on the planet. Haiku are practiced by means of poets, fans, and schoolchildren, by way of “political haiku” twitterers, via a person who has the need to pin preception and event right into a few quickly words.
For the 1st time, a whole model of the autobiography of Xie Bingying (1906-2000) offers a desirable portrayal of a lady combating to loose herself from the restrictions of old chinese language culture amid the dramatic adjustments that shook China in the course of the Twenties, '30s, and '40s. Xie's makes an attempt to turn into trained, her struggles to flee from an prepared marriage, and her luck in tricking her approach into army college exhibit her persevering and unconventional personality and trace on the prominence she was once later to achieve as an incredible determine in China's political tradition.
- Computer Vision – ACCV 2010: 10th Asian Conference on Computer Vision, Queenstown, New Zealand, November 8-12, 2010, Revised Selected Papers, Part I
- Immanence and the Vertigo of Philosophy: From Kant to Deleuze (Plateaus - New Directions in Deleuze Studies)
- Inter-Korean Relations: Problems and Prospects
- Beside a Burning Sea
- Retribution: The Jiling Chronicles
Additional resources for African American Perspectives on Political Science
Ada Finifter, 247 (Washington, DC: American Political Science Association, 1983). 2. For the two best overview works see two books by Albert Somit and Joseph Tanenhaus: American Political Science: A Proﬁle of the Discipline (New York: Atherton, 1964), and Somit and Tanenhaus, The Development of American Political Science (New York: Irvington, 1982). For an analysis of the “science of group political behavior” see David Truman, The Governmental Process (New York: A. , “Protest Politics,” in African Americans and Political Participation, ed.
W. Norton, 2003). 38. See Adolph Reed, “Reﬂections on Atlanta University Political Science,” National Political Science Review 9 (2003): 243. 39.
The grave necessity of constant revision of our methods and processes, . . [so that we can] . . calculate and measure more accurately than we have thus far been able to do, the desirability of minute, thorough, patient, intensive studies of the detail of political phenomena . . ” The ﬁnal report of the Committee on Political Research, which was published by the APSA as its 1923 ofﬁcial report, made recommendations regarding techniques 30 CHAPTER TWO and methods for adopting a scientiﬁc approach, and the APSA accepted these recommendations.


Check out our blog for more news and information about our recent projects and proposals
The Calder Community Mosaic was designed to fit the entire wall of the Community Room, just inside the main entrance of the new Calder Branch Library by MBAC Architects. Illuminated by special lighting above the artwork and also open to the daylight through the floor-to-ceiling windows that wrap around almost the entire exterior of the LEED® Silver building, the mosaic is clearly visible from the street and library forecourt.
After a year and a half of preparation, the Calder Community Mosaic was given a final wipe, polish and an inspection and then it was finished!
In the first weeks of 2018 the Edmonton Public Library will take occupancy of their newest branch and complete their fit out of the space. Stay tuned for an official opening date in the New Year!
Our thanks to Craig Lemiski from Ellis Don for keeping us all safe on his construction site. His team has done a great job building the new library and it will be a public space that the whole community will be proud of. We also would like to thank the support and assistance from Robert Harpin, Andrea Bowes and Eva Marie Clarke from the Edmonton Arts Council.
At the end of a busy week the last major step was to apply the grout that fills in the gaps between each tile. We chose a middle grey colour that would continue to look good over time and would unite the complete mosaic design together while also giving each unique art-glass triangle tile definition. Thanks again to Csaba and Adam from the Tile Setting Company for their great work!
Watching the mosaic come together in its final form up onto the Community Room wall was an exciting process. Each part of the overall pattern that forms the final mosaic design was sourced directly from members of the Calder Community who attended one of the community pattern workshops held in June 2016.
In the spirit of the project, the installation team worked together and over one full day we unboxed and prepared each numbered panel before Csaba Bereczki, Journeyman Installer and owner of The Tilesetter Company and his assistant Adam set the patterns in place up on the wall. There is positive energy and everything is looking good!


When I first started studying Jyotish I became obsessed with finding the absolute best resources I could in order to learn the system as I felt I would never find a proper teacher. I was unemployed at the time but still decided to spend the entirety of my final paycheck on Jyotish books. Many of these I have read and some I use mostly to reference as I am currently spending more time studying with Michael Reed and Ernst Wilhelm than I do reading Jyotish books.
I highly recommend taking courses with those two legends of astrology. However, if you prefer to teach yourself, many of these books will be incredibly helpful. You may click on any of the books to learn more about them and to purchase them if you would like. Many of these books were recommended by highly regarded Vedic Astrologers, the others were purchased only after hours and hours (and sometimes weeks or months) of research. Some were given to me as gifts. There are a few other rare books that I have not included on this list. I will be updating it soon!


английский язык 11 класс старлайт
English Language: A Window to the World
The English language is a fascinating and diverse linguistic tool that opens the door to endless possibilities. From its rich history to its widespread usage, English serves as a global language, bridging the communication gap between people from different cultures and backgrounds. In this article, we will explore the importance of the English language, its complexity, and the various ways it shapes our lives.
The Rich Tapestry of English Language
English, with its roots dating back to the Germanic tribes who invaded Britain in the 5th and 6th centuries, has evolved over time into a global language. It is a tapestry interwoven with influences from Latin, French, German, and various other languages. From Shakespearean sonnets to modern poetry, English language literature has captivated readers worldwide. Moreover, the works of English authors have been translated into countless languages, ensuring their timeless impact on humanity.
English is also a repository of vocabulary. Its vast lexicon consists of words borrowed from different languages, allowing for nuanced expressions and a remarkable capacity for creativity. With each new word added to its arsenal, English continues to adapt and evolve, demonstrating its versatility and adaptability in an ever-changing world.
The Global Language of Communication
English has earned its status as the lingua franca of the modern world. It is the language of diplomacy, academia, business, and entertainment. With over 5 billion English speakers worldwide, it serves as a tool for global communication, breaking down cultural barriers and fostering understanding among diverse communities.
English is the key to accessing a wealth of knowledge and resources. From scientific research papers to online educational platforms, a significant portion of information available today is in English. Proficiency in the language opens up opportunities for individuals to engage with global communities, pursue higher education abroad, and enhance their career prospects in multinational companies.
Furthermore, English has become an integral part of popular culture. From Hollywood movies to Billboard chart-topping music, the dominance of English entertainment content ensures its global reach. This, in turn, encourages individuals worldwide to learn English in order to engage more fully in the cultural conversations happening around them.
The Enigma of English Language Learning
While English offers vast opportunities, mastering the language can be challenging. It is a complex system with irregular verbs, multiple grammar rules, and a multitude of exceptions. Its pronunciation can be puzzling with words often defying logical patterns. The road to fluency in English requires dedication, practice, and an openness to making mistakes.
Variation is another defining aspect of the English language. Dialects, accents, and regional colloquialisms exist within the same language, further adding to its complexity. This diversity of English usage allows for rich cultural exchanges but can also present barriers to effective communication.
To navigate the intricacies of the English language, a learner must embrace its challenges and adopt a growth mindset. By immersing themselves in English literature, seeking opportunities to practice speaking and writing, and embracing the linguistic variations, learners can unlock the full potential of this global language.
In conclusion, the English language is a gateway to the world, providing a platform for communication, knowledge, and cultural exchange. Its rich history, complexity, and vast vocabulary make it an essential part of our global society. Though learning English can be challenging, the rewards are immense. So, let us celebrate the beauty and versatility of this language as it continues to shape our lives and connect us as global citizens.


First Aid For Your Dog
Dogsafe Canine First Aid: Everything Your Dog Wants You to Know in an Emergency
Dogsafe Canine First Aid
Everything Your Dog Wants You to Know in an Emergency, is the student manual used in our Dogsafe Canine First Aid 101 in-person and eLearning courses. The 118 page comprehensive manual includes 56 real-life photographs plus canine cpr and first aid topics such as choking, seizures, heatstroke, paw wounds and more -- a priceless manual for future reference.


Author: Dan Abnett
My Rating: 4/5 Stars
Recommended for: Anyone who enjoys gritty military science fiction, warhammer 40K fiction, fast paced battle scenes and dark, magical settings with demons and war.
The second novel in the Gaunt’s Ghosts series by Dan Abnett, Ghostmaker continues the story of the Tanith First and Only – a regiment of Imperial Guard fighting the forces of Chaos in the Warhammer 40K universe. Here we see the regiment stationed on the jungle world Monthax, waiting behind friendly lines for the inevitable enemy assault. As the troopers go about their duties, Colonel-Commissar Ibram Gaunt walks the line and checks in with his men. As he interacts with each character he remembers past actions that have led his regiment to their current place in the war. Each story is told through the eyes of a different core character, helping to flesh out the past of the characters we were introduced to in First and Only. As Gaunt checks in with his troopers the situation on Monthax is slowly brought to light, and the short stories that occupy the bulk of the novel culminate in the battle on Monthax. Gaunt must once again lead these soldiers into a deadly battle with the forces of Chaos as they work to understand the enemy’s motivations and survive both the battle and the environment itself.
I have always been a fan of short fiction, so for me this novel was a great addition to the series. I think short stories give an author the chance to showcase their abilities as they have to begin and finish a story within a few dozen pages, while also keeping the reading engaged. Abnett does not fail to deliver here; I loved every story and thought it was a nice touch to have each told through the eyes of a different trooper. We not only get a deeper understanding of the history of the Tanith regiment, but also a closer look at the characters themselves, which helped me develop connections to each. These connections will go on to make the preceding novels all the more interesting and engaging. Not all of them are equally engrossing, but none of them disappointed; my favorites included stories of Chief-Medic Dorden as he stays behind enemy lines to care for wounded Volpone soldiers, Mad Larkin as he comes to terms with his potential insanity and Try-Again Bragg as he takes his first command. There was a lot to love here for any fan of military sci-fi.
As each flashback comes and goes we are led deeper into the main storyline of the novel, a standoff between Imperial and Chaos forces in the jungles of Monthax. The last quarter of the piece brings the reader fully into this action as a massive Chaos army begins to make its way through the jungle and the Imperial Guard forces move to intercept. While the mission is clear – engage and destroy the enemy – nobody can discern the goals of the Chaos forces as they move seemingly without purpose through the vast jungle. As things unfold, secrets come to light and the reader is treated to a nice surprise as the enemy’s goals are revealed. I would struggle to think someone not familiar with the 40K universe will understand the story of what unfolds on Monthax, but Abnett certainly does his best to provide some level of backstory without spoiling the ending. Even without the knowledge to fully see what is happening, the story of the Tanith regiment is clear-cut and intriguing. Again, Abnett proves his ability to write out intricate battle scenes with surprising clarity. The ending was chaotic on every level, yet he manages to outline things in a way that allowed me to clearly imagine every scene – I almost felt like I was there in the mud with the Ghosts. This alone is reason enough to give these novels a try for those of you still on the fence. It is another action packed entry into the annals of the Tanith First and Only.
Overall, another solid addition to the series. I think the main plot was overshadowed by the superior short story entries, but that is not to say I did not enjoy the Monthax portion as well. The nostalgia is still strong and I know things are only going to get better from here. Stay tuned for more adventures with Gaunt’s Ghosts.


In the ever-evolving landscape of online streaming, the desire for free access to series and movies remains strong. As we step into 2024, the options for enjoying entertainment without shelling out subscription fees have expanded further. Here's a comprehensive guide to where you can watch your favorite series and movies for free in 2024:
1. Streaming Platforms:
- Crackle, owned by Sony Pictures Entertainment, offers a wide range of movies and TV series for free streaming. While its library may not be as extensive as paid services, it still provides a decent selection across various genres.
b. Tubi TV:
- Tubi TV is another ad-supported streaming platform that provides free access to movies and TV shows. With partnerships with major studios, Tubi offers a diverse collection of content without requiring any subscription fees.
c. Pluto TV:
- Pluto TV offers a unique streaming experience by providing a lineup of live channels along with an on-demand library. It features a dedicated section for movies and series, making it a convenient option for free entertainment seekers.
2. Network Websites and Apps:
- Many television networks offer free streaming of their series on their official websites and apps. Channels like ABC, NBC, and The CW allow viewers to watch recent episodes of their series for free with limited commercials. Additionally, some networks release full seasons of certain shows for a limited time after they've aired on TV.
- YouTube remains a treasure trove of free content, including series and movies. Many independent creators produce high-quality web series and short films that are available to watch for free on the platform. Additionally, some channels offer full episodes of classic series or select episodes from current ones.
4. Library Memberships:
- Your local library might offer access to digital content platforms like Kanopy, Hoopla, and OverDrive, which host a variety of series and movies that library members can stream for free. All you need is a library card to access these services, which often include a diverse selection of documentaries, indie films, and TV series.
5. Trial Periods and Promotions:
- Taking advantage of free trial periods offered by premium streaming services can be a temporary way to binge-watch your favorite series and movies. Keep an eye out for promotional offers or trial codes provided by streaming platforms, which often extend their trial periods for new users.
6. Community and Public Access Channels:
- Some communities have their own public access television channels that broadcast local programming, including series produced by local filmmakers and content creators. While these channels may not have the production value of mainstream series, they offer a unique opportunity to discover new content and support local talent.
7. Torrents and Illegal Streaming Sites:
- While not recommended due to legal and ethical concerns, torrents and illegal streaming sites remain an option for accessing series and movies for free. However, it's important to understand the risks and consequences associated with engaging in piracy.
Some of videos here.
- Watch Full Mario Movie Online Here
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- Where can i watch the fosters 2024
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- where to watch call the midwife
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- Where can i watch Pokemon
- Where to watch bleach
In conclusion, there are numerous avenues to watch series and movies for free in 2024. From ad-supported streaming platforms to network websites, YouTube, library memberships, and promotional offers, there's no shortage of options for budget-conscious viewers to enjoy their favorite content without spending a dime.


IO4: DESK Tool Kit
The adult Digital Education Skills Kit will include a number of digital sources developed during this project, as well as an e-learning course focusing on an Adult Trainer’s needs in understanding the use of Augmented Reality in Adult Education and the ways to use it to enhance their teaching. This e-learning material will be free for all those interested in its uses, and will allow the user structured access to the e-Learning Content, the Case Studies, Augmented Reality resources. The course itself will integrate sections of how to motivate Adults to engage in Learning and catching up, introduction to Augmented Reality, introduction to the Framework for Digital Competence, general guidelines for creating AR content.
The website itself will be easy to use and free to access for all target groups.
The DESK lms is a Moodle platform created by DESK consortium partners. It is free and it is used to store and present the educational material created under the DESK project. It is aimed to all EU adult trainers and learners who wish to improve/enhance their digital skills.


Bro. Tom Davidson PPGM during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown has been researching the history of our Provincial Grand Lodge with the aim to providing a list of Provincial Grand Masters and Commissions. We should and hope to be in a position to publish these lists shortly. The larger project is researching the development of the PGL of Lanarkshire Middle Ward and its Commissioned Office Bearers from Alexander Drummond appointed in 1738 as the first Provincial Grand Master over fourteen lodges in the Western Country, an area of Scotland covered by the present day Provinces of Argyll and the Isles, Ayrshire, Dunbartonshire, Galloway, Glasgow, Kilwinning, Lanarkshire Middle Ward, Lanarkshire Upper Ward, East Renfrewshire and West Renfrewshire. All of these provinces can therefore claim to arise from a common origin.
Lanarkshire at that time was generally described as Clydesdale and four of the fourteen lodges were located in Clydesdale at Coltness, Hamilton, Lanark and Lesmahagow. Later development saw the wider development of the system of Provincial Grand Lodges and by the beginning of the 19th century Lanarkshire was divided the PGL of Lanarkshire Under Ward (now part of Glasgow) and Lanarkshire Upper Ward which subsequent was further sub-divided in 1816 to create the present day provinces of PGL Lanarkshire Middle Ward and Lanarkshire Upper Ward with the serving Provincial Grand Master staying in the newly named province of Lanarkshire Middle Ward.
The lists of Commissioned Office Bearers from 1816 to 1966 will be compiled by Bro. Tom Davidson and from 1966 up to present compiled from information provided by Bro. William M Craig, PG Secretary.
These lists will be very much a “work in progress” and presently have reached a hiatus due to the lockdown of various library facilities and the current travel restrictions. The Secretaries of the pre-1866 lodges within the province may hold records which contain names of members of Provincial Grand Lodge deputations from before 1866 at special events such as consecrations, dedications etc, when published it is the intention if you have information which can help to fill in some of the gaps you can contact:- Bro. Tom Davidson – Mob. 07913 813383 or e-mail [email protected]


The story began in 1893, with a Kentucky schoolteacher and her older
sister. Patty Smith Hill and Mildred J. Hill wrote the song for Patty's
kindergarten students, titling it "Good Morning To All." The original
lyrics Patty wrote were: "Good morning to you / Good morning to you /
Good morning, dear children / Good morning to all."
Patty later said that she had worked with her sister to compose a simple
melody to match the words that could be easily sung by young children.
The sisters published the song in a book called "Song Stories for the
Kindergarten," and assigned the copyright to their publisher, Clayton F.
Summy Co., in exchange for a cut of the sales.
That was only the beginning of the tangled web of copyright law various
attorneys have argued may or may not apply to one of the world's most
to go on :


Getting lost in a good book is one of my favourite things to do. Sometimes I don’t know what makes me happier, travel or books. And when I envision my dream home there’s only one thing I see. A mini library filled with all the books I’ve collected over the years and with the cosiest reading corners. I’m pretty sure if you search my Pinterest account, there’s one dedicated to in home libraries. Some women have wedding dress inspiration, I have books.
There’s just something so magical about picking up a book, getting cozy under a blanket with a cup of hot chocolate in hand, and forgetting everything but the incredible journey that the author is taking you on.
When it comes to books there’s no mistaking what I want to read. A good love story! Now I know some people will avoid the whole boy meets girl, they fall in love and live happily ever after cliche, but I absolutely love it! Mix in a bit of the paranormal/fantasy genre from time to time and I’m in my happy place.
Finding a good book to me is like winning the lottery to others. I’ve lost count of the number of times I’ve turned up to work having had only a few hours of sleep because I was so invested in a story that chapter one turned into The End.
So what are my top picks for spring? Well if you’re like me and enjoy a good story with romance thrown into the mix, then the following are for you.
Maybe Someday, Colleen Hoover
Ok, so let me start by saying that every single one of Colleen Hoover’s books have not disappointed! I think it’s rare for an author to turn out one amazing book after another but she continues to do so and it amazes me every time. What I love most about her books is that yes, there’s a love story going on, but they’re not your traditional love stories. They’re raw and have a sense of realness to them.
Out of all of her books, Maybe Someday has stuck with me the most. I don’t want to spoil it for anyone who may read it, but let’s just say you’ll be unexpectedly surprised as you’re taken on an emotional yet wonderful journey.
Image credit: susimarcone.tumblr.com
Obsidian, Jennifer L. Armentrout
Now when it comes to fantasy/paranormal romance, Jennifer is my go to. I just love, love, LOVE her books. Her stories immediately pull me in, and as cheesy as it sounds, I’m always left with a smile on my face and a fullness in my heart .
It’s hard for me to pick a favourite because each of her series is so unique and I adore them for so many different reasons. But if I HAD to pick one, I would choose the Lux Series. Why? Daemon Black for one thing. As far as book boyfriends go he’s definitely up there, and secondly, I love a strong female character and Katy holds her own.
Image credit: thereadingrunaway.com
Books in the series: Obsidian, Onyx, Opal, Origin, Opposition. Novellas: Sahdows, Oblivion, Oblivion II, Oblivion III, The Wedding.
Gabriel’s Inferno, Sylvain Reynard
Some people have the assumption that men can’t write decent romance books. Well I beg to differ. Sylvain Reynard took me on one hell of a journey with his Gabriel’s Inferno Series and I’m forever grateful that a colleague of mine recommended it to me. Chapter after chapter, I was hit with a whirlwind of emotions, from passion and seduction to redemption and forgiveness. I absolutely loved it!
Image credit: instagram.com/paperback_pixie
Books in the series: Gabriel’s Inferno, Gabriel’s Rapture, Gabriel’s Redemption.
The Bronze Horseman, Paullina Simmons
To this day, this is still my all-time favourite book. It’s a historical romance, which is not my normal go to genre, but it’s by far the most powerful love story I have ever read. Mixed with family loyalty during a time of hardship, this story was with me days after I finished reading it.
When I purchased this book, a friend of mine told me not to read the third (last book) in the series The Summer Garden. Someone had told her not to read it but she did anyway and immediately regretted it. Her explanation was that the story ended quite nicely with the second book, and it seemed as though the third book was only written for the sake of making the series into a trilogy, which was completely unnecessary. I never read the third book and to this day I’m more than happy with that decision.
Image credit: instagram.com/sissireads
Fifty Shades of Grey, E.L. James
Yes that’s right, I’m a fan of these books. If you haven’t already read them, then I have no doubt that you’ve heard about them. Movie aside, because that’s a whole other topic, I want to focus on the books for a moment. Yes they’re raunchy as some may say, and yes a large portion of it is focused around sex, but the story for me, has so much more going on.
We all know I enjoy a good love story and I’m drawn to how love can affect someone so much that it brings them out of the dark space they’ve been in for so many years. Christian Grey’s journey alone is a great story, and well, it just shows that love is more powerful than anything else in the world.
Image credit: instagram.com/angeliehaox
The Traveler, John Twelve Hawks
I read this book quite a few years ago, but I find that it’s still very relevant today. Putting the fantasy aspect of the book aside (and the love story of course), the reality of how technology has advanced and continues to advance to the point where it can track your every move from a simple store purchase to crossing the street, really gets you thinking.
What makes this book even more interesting is that John Twelve Hawks is actually a pseudonym for the author who lives “off the grid” just like the characters in the book attempt to do.
Image credit: instagram.com/ashley_james74
Books in the series: The Traveler, The Dark River, The Golden City.
So what am I reading right now? Well as I mentioned earlier, I’m a huge fan of Jennifer L. Armentrout, and her book Frigid is currently on my bedside table. But lately I’ve been having less time to read, which makes me sad but also extremely excited at the same time. Why? Well my favourite authors have inspired me to venture into the world of fiction writing… yep, I’m writing my own novel! I’m currently nine chapters in, so still a long way to go but I know it’ll be worth it in the end and I’m so excited to take you all on this incredible journey with me.


Courageous Money: Your Adventure Through Money National Park
By: Amy Zehnder & Cindy Coe
Money is the number one taboo topic of conversation. Courageous Money is a fun way for you to learn how to talk about money by identifying when and where you learned the value of money, and how these experiences impact your life. Everybody has a relationship with money! Courageous Money helps you to understand where your early money messages came from and how they drive the majority of your behaviors and interactions. The book will take you on an adventure through Money National Park, where you will tour the attractions and imagine your own money story, based on your life experiences. Money National Park is designed to help you recall your personal money movie, scene by scene, sharing the pertinent stories and life experiences that contributed to your money messages. Ultimately, making you more comfortable talking about money, one story at a time. We encourage you to go on this journey with others!


Published at Monday, 12 August 2019. Decoration. By Marie Williams.
By the turn of the 20th century, amateur advisors and publications were increasingly challenging the monopoly that the large retail companies had on interior design. English feminist author Mary Haweis wrote a series of widely read essays in the 1880s in which she derided the eagerness with which aspiring middle-class people furnished their houses according to the rigid models offered to them by the retailers. She advocated the individual adoption of a particular style, tailor made to the individual needs and preferences of the customer "One of my strongest convictions, and one of the first canons of good taste, is that our houses, like the fish’s shell and the bird’s nest, ought to represent our individual taste and habits.
The interior design profession became more established after World War II. From the 1950s onwards, spending on the home increased. Interior design courses were established, requiring the publication of textbooks and reference sources. Historical accounts of interior designers and firms distinct from the decorative arts specialists were made available. Organisations to regulate education, qualifications, standards and practices, etc. were established for the profession.
In England, Syrie Maugham became a legendary interior designer credited with designing the first all-white room. Starting her career in the early 1910s, her international reputation soon grew; she later expanded her business to New York City and Chicago. Born during the Victorian Era, a time characterized by dark colors and small spaces, she instead designed rooms filled with light and furnished in multiple shades of white and mirrored screens. In addition to mirrored screens, her trademark pieces included: books covered in white vellum, cutlery with white porcelain handles, console tables with plaster palm-frond, shell, or dolphin bases, upholstered and fringed sleigh beds, fur carpets, dining chairs covered in white leather, and lamps of graduated glass balls, and wreaths.
Any content, trademark’s, or other material that might be found on the jphcgdietdrops website that is not jphcgdietdrops’s property remains the copyright of its respective owner/s. In no way does jphcgdietdrops claim ownership or responsibility for such items, and you should seek legal consent for any use of such materials from its owner.
Copyright © 2019 jphcgdietdrops. All Rights Reserved.


We have been potty training P3 for about five months now. She’s been doing really well but it’s definitely been a slower progress than her big sisters. She has been dry in the day for a while, with the odd accident of course, but her poops are a big problem still. It doesn’t matter how we approach it, gentle or a little tougher, she just doesn’t want to poop on a potty or toilet. I was definitely excited to receive a potty training book to review from Ladybird.
There are two books in the series; Pirate Pete and Princess Polly. We chose the Princess Polly’s Potty as we felt this would be best suited for P3 as more relatable for her. The book is a noisy book with a button that cheers when you press it which helps to bring the pages to life.
I love how the book is written. It has this really gentle approach to potty training and takes you step by step through each stage of potty training. I especially love how in the first pages you are introduced to Polly as a nappy wearer and that her family members do not wear nappies. I like that they said that the baby sister wears a nappy and this encourages the want to be a big girl in my opinion.
The illustrations are simply beautiful. P3 was really excited for me to read this book with her because it’s a topic that is a big part of her life right now. I can imagine for a child who is about to embark on the potty training journey, that Princess Polly’s Potty book would be a really useful starter to introduce the whole process. Let’s face it, potty training is a scary step for everybody involved.
Despite it being a very gentle book, the Princess Polly’s Potty book is full of little details that usually isn’t included, like making sure to wipe from front to back, picking a potty and going shopping for big girl knickers. There are also questions on each page that helps your child become part of the journey that Polly is going on and helps to keep those steps in your child’s own mind for their own journey.
P3 was really interested in the part of the book where Polly is learning to do poops on the potty. This book really makes the whole situation feel less scary and the image of a poop in the potty made P3 giggle. The words just make it all feel friendly and like you are talking with a friend. We also teamed our reading journey with a Princess Polly reward chart which really motivates P3 to get all her stickers and win a reward at the end.
I honestly love this book and I am so thankful to have found it for P3 finally. I am also pleased to inform everybody that on the very evening after reading this book, P3 asked me to use the toilet for a poop and she only went and actually did one!! She was so proud of herself and I nearly cried myself. Something had obviously triggered her brain when reading the story and so we are reading it quite a few times each day to help her remember that it’s absolutely fine to do accidents, to poop on the potty and to be a big girl. You can buy your own for under £5 here!
Disclosure: I am a member of the Mumsnet Bloggers Panel, a group of parent bloggers who have volunteered to review products, services, events and brands for Mumsnet. I have not paid for the product or to attend an event. I have editorial control and retain full editorial integrity.


Books about Organs and Organ Building
There are a few books still available about
organ building. Useful for anybody building a John Smith or other
The following books can be bought on-line now at
of Organ Building (Volume 1 of 2) 600 pages
The organ builders' bible (2 volumes)
get it while you still can!
Art of Organ Building (Volume 2 of 2) 758 pages
This book is a treasure trove of information about pipe making (as well as
other things). Chapters on wood and metal pipe making, including which
woods to use. Comprehensive construction details and cross-sections
of every type of organ pipe: wood and metal, flues and reeds, special
pipes, scale charts, how to make, voice, tune and regulate them, etc. A
total of 234 pages devoted to organ pipes alone.
Building for Amateurs
to Build a Small Two Manual Pipe Organ
The Pipe Organ
Recent Revolution In Organ Building
(The New Grove Series)
Cambridge Companion to the Organ...
Getting Started on the John Smith Busker Organ
This web site is copyright (C) Melvyn
Wright and individual contributors


Died: 2 December 1899
Sophia (Kertscher) Seidemann is pictured in the 4th edition of the Friedrich Seidemann Family Tree Book on page 31 with her husband Traugott Seidemann and on page 33 in 1890 with her husband Traugott, and their children. Traugott and Sophia (Kertscher) Seidemann were the first of the Seidemann Family to own the farm where the Seidemann Reunions have been held each year. Sophia is listed on page vii as an ancestor of Book Committee members Wayne Luft, Phyllis Naumann, and Ruby Pohland and also on page ix as ancestors of Our Family Genealogists Charles Seideman, Wayne Luft, and Phyllis Naumann. On the map on page 18 shows the location of Sophia’s birth town in Germany. Page 28 lists the descendants of Friedrich and Rosine Seidemann with Traugott as the oldest son and his wife Sophia. Page 29 tells us about Traugott and Sophia’s two deceased children being buried at the Union Cemetery in Newburg but were able to claim those gravesites as someone else had claimed them. On page 32 list the children of Traugott and Sophia. Page 83 to page 142 list the descendants of Traugott and Sophia. Page 425 tell us about the history of the site of the Seidemann Family Reunions being on their original farm although they were both deceased before the Reunion began and page 426. The 1859 plat map on page 444 shows Traugott & Sophia’s land in Section 36 and on page 445 the plat map of 1873-1874 also shows their land in Section 36.


Oct. 2017 Northwest Tortoise suspends intakesJanuary 17, 2018
Northwest Tortoise will be at the Mid-Columbia Library (Kennewick, Union branch)June 8, 2018
Let’s adopt some tortoises to great homes!
The first round of adoptable tortoises have been posted on the fantastic new website! Check out what’s available and follow the policies and procedures to start the process. Learn more here.
NWT will be at the Tri-Cities Pet Expo April 6 and 7. Stop by and see what I do. I have a new display with tons of educational information as well as a model tortoise table. I’ll also have tortoises out for the kids to interact with.
Consider donating to the cause! Educational items/displays, traveling to events and general care for tortoises costs a lot of money. Help me continue the good fight to help these tortoises and help me continue to educate the proper care of tortoises!


Q: I have more than one set of forms from my association, so I always have to use the “Select Library” button to change to the library I use the most. Is there any way to change my primary (default) library on the All Forms tab?
A: Yes! You can change the order of libraries, including selecting which forms library will be displayed by default, through your zipForm® Plus Profile.
The Libraries option under the zipForm® Plus profile allows you to set up a preferred order for your forms libraries if you are in a personal zipForm® Plus account. In a team or brokerage account, the Admin can set the preferred order, and set up which forms are available within the libraries. The first library on the list is your default library – it is the set of forms that you will see when you open the All Forms tab inside of a transaction file or template.
To change the order of zipForm® forms libraries:
- Open your zipForm® Plus Profile
- Click Libraries
- Click the Organize button
- Drag and drop the libraries to your preferred order
- Save your changes and Close the profile view
These changes will be remembered until you edit your library order again.


The Neonatal eHandbook provides a structured approach to the clinical management of conditions regularly encountered by health professionals caring for newborns.
There are guidelines for more than 90 newborn conditions that may present during the early newborn period.
This handbook was developed by clinicians primarily for use by medical and nursing personnel working in special care nurseries throughout Victoria. They quickly acquaint health professionals with the clinical problem and provide consistent and practical advice regarding assessment and management.
Create a bookmark to the eHandbook on your smart phone
Spend a couple of minutes once, and access clear, up-to-date practical advice on neonatal clinical care from the home screen of your smart phone.
Instructions for Android
Instructions for iPhone


Campus Policy Number: 550-20
Policy Owner:Vice Chancellor - Finance and Business Operations
Effective Date: 10/1/1983
Revision Date: 5/10/2011
- GENERAL POLICY
It is the policy of the University that copyrightable material in the form of books, musical or dramatic compositions, architectural designs, paintings, sculptures, or other works of comparable type developed by employees either in conjunction with or aside from their University employment, will be the property of the author unless the material is prepared by means of special contractual arrangements or as a specific part of their University assignment. A faculty member's general obligation to produce scholarly works does not constitute such a specific University assignment.
- University Owned copyrights
Copyrightable material, other than mentioned above, developed by employees either in conjunction with or aside from their University employment utilizing University funds, or the staff, equipment, and facilities of the Learning Resources, Media, and Computer Centers or other University production facilities, shall be the property of the University and shall, at the University's option, be copyrighted in the name of The Regents. However, the University shall provide for the disclosure of appropriate credits and shall consider the comments of participating employees regarding subsequent presentation of the material.
- Sharing of Royalties
The University may allow employees who develop copyrightable material, other than that mentioned above, using University resources, to share in any royalties which accrue from the sale or lease of such material outside the University, provided an appropriate agreement is entered into prior to the beginning of a project. Any such agreement shall take into account the employee's effort and contribution as well as the extent of the University's development costs (and any conditions on the recoupment of such costs imposed by extramural funding sources) in setting the employee's royalty, the University's income share, and the recoupment of the University's costs. See Policy 550-70.
- Employee Copyrights Developed in Conjunction with University Employment
Copyrightable material prepared without use of University funds and facilities by employees in conjunction with their University employment shall be the property of the author unless the material was prepared through special contractual arrangements. However, the University shall reserve the right to receive a free and irrevocable license to use such material in connection with its educational, research, and public service functions. It shall be the policy of the University to acquire only such license right, leaving authors free to establish copyrights in their own names, if they wish. The University shall not profit from the use of such material, and authors shall have the right to periodically comment on the material as provided above.
- Copyright Agreements With Outside Individuals And Organizations
In all cases in which persons or organizations other than University employees prepare copyrightable material with the support of University resources or facilities, exclusive of libraries, an agreement shall be executed in advance setting forth the understanding regarding the use of facilities, ownership rights, and financial arrangements.
- University Owned copyrights
- USE OF THE UNIVERSITY'S NAME
In instances when the copyright is in the name of the author, the name of the University shall not be used in connection with publication, production, or distribution of the material, except in such form as approved by Chancellors, Vice Presidents, and Laboratory Directors. Such approval must be in accordance with the University policy to permit use of the University's name.
- UNIVERSITY COPYRIGHT AUTHORITY
Chancellor's Vice Presidents, and Laboratory Directors are authorized to enter into agreements with respect to ownership and other rights related to copyrightable material, to obtain copyrights, and to grant licenses in the name of The Regents for all copyrightable material under their jurisdiction.
- Registration of Copyright
Copyright law provides for the registration of the copyright with the Copyright Office of the Library of Congress. The forms for registering copyrightable material may be obtained from the Register of Copyrights, U.S. Copyright Office, Washington, D.C., 20025.
- Registration of Copyright
- COPYING OF COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL
The following guidelines should be observed when making requests to use non-University copyrighted material:
- The request should be for no greater rights than are actually needed.
- The request should fully identify the material for which permission to publish or use is requested.
- The request should be submitted to the copyright owner in duplicate so that the owner may retain one copy and return the other copy indicating consent.
- REPRODUCTION OF ART WORKS
Recent legislative action affecting common law copyrights on reproduction of works of art provides that when a work of fine art is transferred by sale or otherwise, the right of reproduction thereof is reserved to the artist or his representative unless that right is expressly transferred by a document in writing in which reference is made to the specific right of reproduction, signed by the owner of the rights conveyed or that person's duly authorized agent. (It was previously the law in California, that the sale of a work of fine art, which had not been copyrighted under the Federal copyright law, transferred with it all rights of reproduction.) If a work of fine art has been copyrighted under the Federal copyright laws, specific written permission in the form of an assignment, license or other agreement is necessary to transfer reproduction rights.


This webpage defines “suicide centered lived experience” and describes the importance of involving people with lived experience in suicide prevention efforts. It also lists key considerations for engaging people with lived experience in prevention efforts.
This guide provides guidelines and worksheets to help agencies and organizations plan how to continue suicide prevention efforts for the long term, especially following grant funding. The guide helps users develop action steps for each of the Suicide Prevention Resource Center’s five sustainability recommendations.
This webpage provides numerous informational resources and tools for nonprofits on budgeting. The information includes topics such as restricted funds, true program costs, and budget guidance. Tools include tutorials, templates, and more.
This paper provides a foundation for implementing community-based suicide prevention efforts, emphasizing the need for comprehensive efforts that combine multiple strategies working together. It describes seven key elements that guide suicide prevention planning and implementation.
This model for strategic, comprehensive suicide prevention ties together strategic plannning, evidence-based strategies, and essential principles for success (e.g., involving people with lived experience, safe and effective messaging). Related resources include suicide prevention guidance for diverse community populations and settings.
This resource contains 16 toolkits on topics that help build healthier communities and bring about social change. Each toolkit has an outline of key tasks, examples, and links to more detailed instructional sections. Topics covered include coalition and leadership building; asessing needs and analyzing problems; developing, implementing, and evaluating action plans; enahncing cultural comptence; applying for funding; and sustaining the work.


About the Journal
About Ciencias Marinas
A bilingual open-access publication, Ciencias Marinas (CM) is an international peer-reviewed journal that contains original research findings in all areas of marine science. It is published on a rolling basis by the Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexico, and all its contents are publicly available on our journal website.
CM was conceived in 1973 as part of an academic project aimed to entice local researchers to publicly disclose their findings by adopting the culture of peer-review publishing. This academic project evolved into an international journal after accepting papers from researchers in the United States and, eventually, other parts of the world. Because of the diversity in authorship, CM issues were initially published in either Spanish or English, and occasionally in both languages. It was not until 1984 when CM included both language versions of all its contents, and it then became the fully bilingual journal it still is today. At CM we believe our inclusive format allows us not only to address a wider range of submissions from international authors but also to make published findings available to a wider international audience.
So whether you are looking for information on the redfish in Icelandic waters or the physical and biological properties of the Gulf of California, feel free to peruse CM contents. You may find them to provide source material for your research.
Focus and outreach
We aim to disseminate sound knowledge on marine life and its environment at an international level by publishing, via open access, original peer-reviewed papers on research in all disciplines in the field of marine science. Our goal extends to publishing authors from different parts of the world and to make their findings available to a wide community by publishing contents in two of the top spoken languages in the world, English and Spanish. We believe that by making these contents openly available in both languages we will breach language barriers in the science community and enable research findings to reach a wider audience, thus contributing to human and scientific development.
All manuscripts submitted for consideration in CM undergo a blind peer-review process. The peer-review process is designed to ensure all published material is grounded on sound original science. It should enrich scientific discussion with positive feedback. CM encourages and enforces positive, impartial, and respectful feedback from reviewers to authors and from authors to reviewers.
Briefly, all submissions are sent out for blind review by one of our associate editors or directly by the editor, depending on the subject area of the reported research. After at least two external peers have returned the manuscript with reviews, the associate editor will analyze the reviews and send a recommendation to the editor. All final decisions are made by the editor-in-chief.
CM is published on a rolling basis, and manuscripts are available as articles immediately upon publication, which is done soon after editing is completed. Special issues may be published upon request of recognized scientific institutions or organizations and after acceptance by the editorial board.
CM is an Open Access journal published on a rolling basis. Its contents are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). With this license authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under the CC BY 4.0 license, which allows others to share and adapt the work, as long as they give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. You will need to seek permission from copyright holders for use of material not covered by this license. The journal title is protected by copyrights and not subject to this license.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository), as long as they acknowledge its initial publication in this journal as stated by the CC BY 4.0 license.
Writing style and format
For general presentation matters, our in-house writing style and format generally follow authoritative international standards such as the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International System of Units. Many of those standards are synthesized in the Scientific Style and Format: The CSE Manual for Authors, Editors, and Publishers (8th edition), the style guide published by the Council of Science Editors (CSE) and our primary reference. However, since CM is a bilingual journal, with contents issued in English and Spanish, our writing standards conform to individual language norms for matters concerning grammar and orthography. For English, we use standard American English and abide primarily by the Merriam–Webster Dictionary, the CSE style guide, and the Chicago Manual of Style (16th edition); for Spanish, we primarily abide by the dictionary and language standards published by the Real Academia Española. Please keep this in mind if you are considering CM as your publishing platform.
By submitting a manuscript to CM, you acknowledge and/or declare that you are submitting to a bilingual, international, open-access journal and that your manuscript
> is of your authorship (if one author) or was equally elaborated by all authors (if more than one author) and that you have the full authority to submit it to CM
> is drafted in English or Spanish
> reports original, ethical research performed by you
> has not been published in another journal, book, or any other form, except in the form of a conference abstract, a part of a lecture, or an academic thesis
> is not under consideration for publication elsewhere
> complies with CM standards
> can be declined anytime during the editorial process if it fails to comply with CM standards and policies
> will be submitted to a blind peer-review process
> will not automatically be accepted for publication
> may be screened for duplication at any time during the editorial process
> if accepted, has every author’s approval for publication in CM
> if accepted for publication, needs to be translated to either English or Spanish, depending on the language of submission, and that the translation will be provided by either you or, if you accept to pay the corresponding fees, by our in-house translator*
> if accepted for publication, will be edited along with all its components (e.g., figures, tables, appendices, supplementary material) by our in-house editors to conform to CM writing, reporting, and presentation guidelines
> if accepted, will be published and will be freely available in its final published form and in the final translated version to the general public under our open-access policies.
While we do promote inclusion and ensure that all manuscripts are processed fairly and equally, the CM team reserves the right to decline any submission that does not meet our guidelines or policies.
*Upon author request.
At CM we support research integrity and discourage unethical practices and research misconduct by editors, reviewers, and authors. All contributions must be original papers. Plagiarism, duplicate publication, redundant publication, falsification and fabrication, and inappropriate figure manipulation are strongly discouraged. If such unaccepted malpractices are suspected in a submission at any stage of the editorial process or after publication, we will take actions necessary and even decline the submission or retract already-published material. When you submit a paper to CM, you are expected to abide by standard publication ethics.
For more information on publication ethics and research integrity, you may consult the Committee on Publication Ethics (also known as COPE) and the CSE’s White Paper on Promoting Integrity in Scientific Journal Publications.
Originality means that the submission has not been published elsewhere except in the form of an abstract or as part of a lecture or an academic thesis. Submitting uncredited material that is not your own is unaccepted. We briefly describe plagiarism and self-plagiarism, but more detailed information can be found in the CSE's White Paper on Promoting Integrity in Scientific Journal Publications and the COPE website.
Plagiarism is the act of taking and using someone else’s work, be it wording, figure, table, data, or other materialized idea, without authorization and without granting rightful attribution. Self-plagiarism (also duplicate publication) is the act of republishing material without acknowledgment of the original source. Any form of plagiarism is inadmissible for CM publications. All manuscripts accepted for publication will be screened for duplicity before publication. Manuscripts found to contain plagiarized material may be declined at any stage during the publication process, even after acceptance. If plagiarism is detected after publication, the published paper will be retracted. In any case involving plagiarized material, it is our ethical obligation to notify the author’s institution and any other party being compromised.
Falsification and fabrication
Falsification and fabrication are forms of research misconduct that will not be tolerated in any way. Detection of such misconduct will be notified to the corresponding authorities and the manuscript can be rejected or, if already published, retracted.
We advocate for zero unnecessary use of animals in research and for ethical use in studies where the advancement of science calls for the use of animals. Editors may request permissions or evidence of author adherence to the 3Rs principles for use of animals in research. For more on the 3Rs principles, we refer you to the following bibliography: National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (2019) and the International Council for Laboratory Animal Science (2015).
Authors are asked to send a statement clearing any potential conflict of interest regarding their manuscript. Potential conflicts of interest must be resolved before publication. You must let the editor know of any competing interest (e.g., financial support that may have influenced your research, potentials reviewers that could be involved in any way in your research). The editor may contact you and any conflicting or influential party to resolve any interest dispute. If you have no competing interests to declare, you must state this in your manuscript. Declarations of competing interests may be published in the corresponding paper.
Authors are the individuals who created the reported work and are publicly accountable for it. By created we mean designing and conducting the study and/or interpreting the results. Individuals warrant authorship when they have made a substantial intellectual contribution to the study and the manuscript. Give authorship to those who have the merit and as they merit.
Avoid granting authorship to individuals who did not make a considerable input to the paper. Guest authorship (attributing authorship to an individual who does not merit the title) and ghost authorship (not crediting as author an individual who merits the title) are unethical practices and are strongly discouraged. Editing a figure does not merit authorship. You may credit individuals who made some contribution (e.g., data collecting, text or figure editing, providing study material, etc.), but not so much as to warrant authorship, in the acknowledgments section. For more on authorship, see the CSE’s White Paper on Promoting Integrity in Scientific Journal Publications.
The contribution made by each person credited as author must be stated in a letter. The order in which the authors are listed in the original submission should remain unchanged. Any change in this order must be done under a formal written request to the editor-in-chief. This request must be signed by all contributing authors and explain the reasons for the change.
As of January 2017, there are no publication fees.
$1.5 Mexican pesos per word.
$300.0 Mexican pesos per galley page that needs to be reformatted due to requested changes after the galley.
Ciencias Marinas, Volume 50, January-December 2024, is a bilingual (English and Spanish) open access journal that is edited and distributed annually on a rolling basis by Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas at Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Carretera Transpeninsular Ensenada-Tijuana, no. 3917, Fraccionamiento Playitas, C.P. 22860, Ensenada, B.C. Tel. (646) 174-4601, www.cienciasmarinas.com.mx, email@example.com. Editors in Chief: Sharon Zinah Herzka Llona, PhD, Armando Félix Bermúdez, PhD, Amaia Ruiz De Alegría Arzaburu, PhD and Jose Miguel Sandoval Gil, PhD. Copyright 2023 granted by Instituto Nacional del Derecho de Autor: license No. 04-2017-021012581200-203. Online ISSN: 2395-9053. The latest update was under the editorial managing of Armando Félix Bermúdez, PhD. Latest update: February 27, 2024.
Copyright 2024 UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO
Luis Enrique Palafox Maestre, PhD, Rector; Joaquín Caso Niebla, PhD, General Secretary; Lus Mercedes López Acuña, PhD, vice-rector at Ensenada; Walter Daesslé Heuser, PhD, Director of Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas.
All organizations mentioned here are only our sources of information and in no way endorse us. Unless otherwise stated in our editorial notes, the contents in the papers published in CM do not, in any way, reflect our beliefs nor those of our sponsoring university.