Maharana pratap holds a uniqe position in the history of india. His unique example of combating the mighty mughals, with a meagre manpower is rare in the history of the world. No one can be compared with the invincible Rana, who always held his head high amidst many vicissitudes of life.
Maharana pratap was born on 9may 1540. He was enthroned in 1572 and struggled for the independence of his motherland and the preservation of indian values till he breathed his last. In 1576, Maharana pratap displayed unbounded courage and bravery in the battle of haldighati. After the historical and decisive victory in the battle of dewair in 1582, he led mewar state on the path of social and cultural advancement and made chawand his capital in 1585. He left for his heanvenly abode in 1597.
Pratap was the first freedom Fighter, who with his meager army, defended his motherland and struggled hard for long period of 25 years and that too against the Mughal Emperor ‘Akbar’. He was victorious though vanquished. He could not be captured with all the strenuous efforts of the mighty Mughals. Pratap was Great General, a brave Warrior and successful organizer. He introduced guerilla warfare in India, which was later adopted by Chhatrapati Shivaji in Maharashtra and Maharaja Ranjit Singh in Punjab.


Genom Institutet för Rättshistorisk Forskning grundat av Gustav och Carin Olin har jag fått möjlighet att under hösten 2018 arbeta viss tid med ett projekt om domaredernas historia.
Projektet har på engelska rubriken
Impartiality and Independence.
A Comparative History of Judges’ Oaths of Office in Europe
och handlar sammanfattningsvis om följande.
Judges’ oaths of office are interesting for many reasons: In most European countries, judges still take oaths of office. Judges promise to act impartially and independently. Many phrases in these oaths can be traced to the Middle Ages. It can be analysed how these phrases were transferred from one oath to another and from one jurisdiction to another, and from which sources they originally came. During the nineteenth century, many of these oaths resisted suggestions that they should be abolished. Today, we see a need to remember the roots of impartiality and independence as these judicial virtues are threatened in some European countries.
The development of the judicial oaths, and the transfer of phrases from an oath in one jurisdiction to an oath in another, and the origin of these phrases in other types of texts, has so far not been subject to comparative legal historical research. In this project, I would like to fill this gap in the literature. My plan is to do this in the form of a book, Impartiality and Independence. A Comparative History of Judges’ Oaths of Office in Europe.
I have divided my material into six chapters:
The introductory chapter presents the topic of the book, and contains a gen-eral discussion about the function of oaths from the Middle Ages to today.
2. Oaths of the thirteenth to fifteenth centuries
The thirteenth to fifteenth centuries is the period when oaths of judges emerged in many jurisdictions, so in this chapter I will compare the form and content of these “first oaths”, at the moment German, English, Scottish, French and Swedish oaths.
3. Sources of inspiration
In this chapter, I will present the sources that contributed with material to the oaths of the thirteenth to fifteenth centuries – Decretum Gratiani, texts by Isidore of Seville, Burchard of Worms and Innocent III, and phrases from the early ordines iudiciarii.
4. Development of the oaths during the early modern period
Here, I connect to chapter 2 and continue the analysis of the oaths as they developed from the sixteenth century onwards, for instance with more lenghty, baroque-style reminders to the judges of their duties.
5. Decline of oaths, and secularization and religious pluralism, in the modern era
In this chapter, I will discuss the critique against oaths of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the secularisation and differentiation of oaths for dif-ferent religions and how the judicial oaths despite the critique survived in most jurisdictions.
6. Independence and impartiality as heritage of the oaths
Finally, I will discuss how the oaths have helped defining the independence and impartiality of judges and what we can learn from the history of these oaths for the position of judges in today’s Europe. I will connect the inde-pendence and impartiality of judges according to the oaths to the modern human rights charters and conventions and the case law of the European Court of Human Rights.
Fullständig projektbeskrivning i pdf-format: Judicial oaths project


Memories of St Mary's Church, Kempley and of Rev Canons Daniel and Eric Gethyn-Jones by Myra Wilcox
"Granny" - a poem by Dolly Jones (1918 - 2005)
My Kempley Childhood by Dolly Jones (1918 - 2005)
The central theme of the project is the documentary and narrative heritage of the two landmark churches that lie within the parish.
The Friends of Kempley Churches (Gloucestershire) is a registered charity.
Registered charity number 1108735


- This event has passed.
Free Film: Paris to Pittsburgh
September 25, 2019 @ 7:00 pm - 8:30 pmFree
Chappaqua Library & Town of New Castle present:
Celebrate 2019 NYC Climate Week as we join with 5 Westchester Audubon groups for a screening of a film depicting how Americans are demanding and developing real solutions in the face of climate change.
Cosponsors: Bedford Audubon, Bronx River-Sound Shore Audubon, Central Westchester Audubon, Hudson River Audubon, Saw Mill River Audubon, Federated Conservationists of Westchester County and Town of New Castle
All library programs are free and open to the public.


Matt Shlian: Apophenia
Biever Guest Lecture
Thursday, Feb. 6, 10 a.m.
Multimedia Room 2, J. Edgar and Louise S. Monroe Library
Thursday, Feb. 6, 5 – 7 p.m.
Collins C. Diboll Art Gallery
Matt Shlian, a paper engineer rooted in book arts, print media and design, will launch his new exhibit, Apophenia, at Loyola University New Orleans with a free, public lecture and opening reception. The Apophenia exhibit draws from Shlian’s series of the same name and refers to the artist’s perception of patterns or connections where none exists.
Through the lecture and exhibit, Shlian will explore how fine art and design inform one another, as well as how math and science relate to each other. Shlian allows his work to evolve on its own by beginning with an initial fold—a single action that then causes a transfer of energy to subsequent folds—that ultimately manifest in his drawings and three-dimensional forms.
Shlian also uses his engineering skills to create kinetic sculpture, collaborating with scientists at the University of Michigan. While researchers see paper engineering as a metaphor for scientific principles, he sees their inquiry as a basis for artistic inspiration, according to Shlian.
He has presented and conducted workshops across the country, and commissioners of his work include several prestigious organizations and entities, such as Apple, Ghostly International, IMTEK, The United States Mint, The University of Michigan and Queen Rania of Jordan, among many others.
The artist’s lecture is part of the Biever Grant Lecture Series.
Both events are part of Loyola’s Montage Fine and Performing Arts Series.
Today’s edition of #minibookmonday features The Poems of Ossian. This tiny treasure, measuring 3 X 5 inches, was published in London in 1819. It retains its original ornate binding, and features a fore-edge painting of horse-drawn carriage seen below. In its time, this was clearly a finely crafted book.
The Poems of Ossian themselves are less clear. Said to have been “translated” by James MacPherson (1736-1796) from ancient Gaelic texts and the oral tradition of the Scottish Highlands, doubts about the authenticity of poems began shortly after their “discovery” and publication. The charge against the veracity of the poems was largely led by Samuel Johnson, and an official inquiry by the Scottish Highland Society in 1805 supported the notion that MacPherson himself was the author. The controversy did not do much to dampen interest in the poems themselves, as evidenced by the production of the fine volume we feature today. Indeed, the controversy may have made the poems more popular. (Napoleon was said to be a fan of The Poems of Ossian, and to carry copies with him into battle.) Whatever the ethics of Macpherson’s writings, The Poems of Ossian were without a doubt widely read and influential on the Romantic period of the 19th century.
Library Lagniappe: Mardi Gras Literature
As Carnival season heats up and the parades start to roll, it might be fun to delve into the history of Mardi Gras, not just from our current perspective, but from that of years past as well. In the Special Collections & Archives department of the Monroe Library we have Mardi Gras literature from as far back as 1887!
Library Lagniappe: Interview with Lee Harvey Oswald
The Monroe Library’s Special Collections & Archives has recently opened a new exhibit titled, Collection Curiosities. This exhibit features rare and unusual items within our collection. One of those items is a recording on vinyl of an interview with Lee Harvey Oswald titled, Self-Portrait in Red.
On August 21, 1963, just three months before he assassinated President John F. Kennedy, Lee Harvey Oswald was interviewed by WDSU Radio in New Orleans. Bill Slatter spoke with Oswald on the radio station’s show, Conversation Carte Blanche, about his thoughts on the political situation with Cuba. At the time, Oswald was the secretary for the New Orleans chapter of the Fair Play for Cuba Committee, known as the principle voice for Fidel Castro in the United States. The recording features the only recorded statement in existence of Oswald’s opinion about President Kennedy.
If the cover art isn’t creepy enough, listen to the actual recording here: Side 1/Side 2.
Special Collections and Archives presents “Collection Curiosities,” an exhibit of unusual and rarely seen items from Special Collections and Archives.
This exhibit is loosely inspired by Cabinet of Curiosities (also called Wunderkammer or Kunstkammer) which were early museums in Renaissance Europe showcasing collections of unusual and exotic items. The “cabinets” were actually rooms that showcased wonders of the natural world, art works, and items of unusual or unknown origin.
For over 100 years, Loyola University has been collecting books, personal papers, and original materials related to the Society of Jesus, Loyola University New Orleans, the city of New Orleans, and specific fields in which Loyola faculty and alumni have excelled or in which Jesuit values have found expression. While some of the items found in this exhibit fall into these categories, many were preserved simply due to their rare and unique characteristics. Occasionally, even the provenance, or origin, of the item is unknown, making their presence in the collection even more remarkable. These unconventional objects will be on exhibit in the Monroe Library Special Collections & Archives until May 31.
Library Lagniappe: New NOLA Collection
Special Collections & Archives has a new collection available of assorted New Orleans memorabilia. Usually archival and manuscript collections were assembled by a person, persons, or organization because the materials in the collection have research value when kept together. Sometimes, however, we wind up with an “artificial collection,” or one that didn’t grow out of a particular function but instead has been put together to make items easier to use.
The Collection of New Orleans Miscellany is such a collection as it is comprised of various individual documents, photographs, and other ephemera relating to the history of New Orleans. We’ll be unveiling some of the other items in the collection soon, but for now, we present an invite to the Mirth, Melody & Moonlight ball.
Library Lagniappe: It’s Carnival Season!
With the arrival of Twelfth Night on January 6th, carnival season has officially begun. In New Orleans this means that carnival balls, parties and parades will occur until the season culminates on Mardi Gras, which this year falls on Tuesday, March 4th. Special Collections and Archives has many materials relating to the celebration of carnival in New Orleans. Today’s edition of “Found in the Archives” focuses on some of the carnival ball invitations found in our New Orleans Carnival Collection.
Today’s edition of #minibookMonday features another tiny publication from Alembic Press titled, “A Summer Garden.” Illustrated by Muriel Mallows, this book was constructed with an accordion style – folded to open out along four different directions as one walks down the garden path. The opened book builds up to a large linocut of a poppy on the reverse. http://library.loyno.edu/blog/?p=3241
Friend of the Month: Enara Iturrioz
The Monroe Library Friend of the Month for November is Enara Iturrioz! Enara is an exchange student from San Sebastián in Basque Spain who is studying Law and Business Administration. Enara spent the semester at Loyola as part of an exchange program through ICADE (Instituto Católico de Administración y Dirección de Empresas) Madrid. She has one more semester left at ICADE, and after graduation, Enara plans on either continuing her studies in the United States or finding a job in Europe.
Enara uses the library to study and to do research. She utilizes many of the Monroe Library’s resources including computers, laptops, study rooms, and DVD checkouts. She especially likes the different qualities of the library’s three floors: Enara uses the first floor for group work, does homework on the second floor, and studied for finals on the third floor.
Enara thinks that the Monroe Library can help further student success by making it easier to renew laptops. She said, “To renew, you have to come to the front desk. Another way to renew would be good.”
Enara said that she loves the Monroe Library because everyone is kind and helpful. “It makes me feel like home. Knowing that you are in a caring environment makes me feel satisfied!” said Enara.
Thank you for using the Monroe Library, Enara, and congratulations on being our Friend of the Month!


The second report from this project tells the story of the Home Renovators’ Media World. It provides a more detailed and nuanced understanding of the roles of media in home renovation processes, from the perspective of renovators. Such an understanding is essential in developing more effective communication and community engagement to achieve home renovations which are more energy efficient and which contribute to lower carbon dioxide emissions "Hashtag Sustainability? Home Renovators’ Media World" builds on work begun in the first report from this project, called ‘I’d just Google it’: media and home renovation practices in Australia. Report 1 outlined renovators’ motivations, influences and the ways in which they sought information and expertise. It began to investigate the role of different types of media at various stages of the renovation process: ideas, design, development and building work.
RP3021: Media and Communication Strategies to Achieve Carbon Reduction Through Renovation of Australia’s Existing Housing


PsychNology Journal, Volume 3, Number 3, 292-311
The Impact of Telepresence on Cultural Transmission through Bishoujo Games
Matthew T. Jones
Temple UniversityPhiladelphia, PA (USA)
Japanese bishoujo videogames take on the characteristics of highly detailed “choose your own adventure” novels. The current case study seeks to present a series of “classic” bishoujo videogames and explain how they function to orient the Western player to the culture of modern Japan through the phenomenon of telepresence. Aspects of telepresence that include transportation and immersion are considered toward the end of offering the player a degree of access to some aspects of modern Japanese culture. It is suggested that, by experiencing a sense of telepresence through inhabiting a Japanese avatar, the non-Japanese player has the potential to obtain a heightened level of competence in negotiating Japanese culture.
KEYWORDSTelepresence, Cultural Transmission, Videogames, Bishoujo..
Jones M.T. (2005). The Impact of Telepresence on Cultural Transmission through Bishoujo Games. PsychNology Journal, 3(3), 292-311. Retrieved [month] [day], [year], from www.psychnology.org.
Download Full Text (.pdf)
Return to PsychNology Journal, Volume 3, Number 3


Prices and availability are subject to change from the time and date that you print this page.
2/10/2016 3:51:17 AM. For Customer Service, please call 800.933.9904
Explore the world with this lavish book of maps. This collection of 52 highly illustrated maps details not only geographical features and political borders, but also places of interest, iconic personalities, native animals and plants, local peoples, cultural events and many more fascinating facts associated with each region.
Maps Illustrated Book 11"Wx15"H
- Authors and Illustrators: Aleksandra Mizielinska and Daniel Mizielinski
- 108 pages
- Ages: 7-10
- Read more about this on our blog, Honest to Nod
General Lee who?
General Lee I do not tell jokes.


Find a collection of Whalesync tutorials, feature reviews and resources
In this post, we'll be walking through the process of using Finsweet Sort and Filter to implement search and basic filtering functionality for our book collection. We'll also be using Data Fetcher to import Google Analytics page views and incorporate them into our Webflow site, allowing us to sort our books by popularity.
I will show you how I used ChatGPT by OpenAI to create a book recommendation site in Webflow. I will take you behind the scenes and show you what tools I used, what processes I followed and what my thoughts are on using AI to generate these types of sites.
I checked out Whalesync, a tool for two-way syncing between tools like Airtable, Webflow, Bubble, Noton and more, to see how useful two-syncing is.


Please wait..There might be some delay for the Video to load
This post contains all the Learn to Chant – Sanskrit Chapters in the same page. You can select and play the chapter you choose.
Each chapter has taken considerable time to make – recording the audio, creating the powerpoint slides and proofreading it in the various languages and then synchronizing it all together.
This has been a labour of love and has been possible only by the grace of Lord and the blessings of our elders. It is a wonderful coincidence that we have completed this on the auspicious day of Vijaya Dasami.
I would like to sincerely thank Ram and Saroja Sundaresan both of whom worked tirelessly to make this available in a very short time.
I dedicate this work in loving memory of my father who first introduced the Bhagavad Gita to me and always loved to listen to Gita chanting


UAM Text Tools
UAM Text Tools (UTT) is a package of language processing tools
developed at Adam Mickiewicz University. Its functionality includes:
- dictionary-based morphological analysis
- heuristic morphological analysis of unknown words
- spelling correction
- pattern search
- sentence splitting
- generation of concordance tables
The toolkit is destined for processing of raw (not annotated)
unrestricted text for any conceivable purpose.
The system is organized as a collection of command-line programs, each
performing one operation, e.g. tokenization, lemmatization, spelling
correction. The components are independent one from another, the
unifying element being the uniform i/o file format.
The components may be combined in various ways to provide various text
processing services. Also new components supplied by the used may be
easily incorporated into the system provided that they respect the i/o
file format conventions.
UTT component programs does not depend on any specific tagset or
morphological description format.
Authors and contact
- Pawel Konieczka
- Tomasz Obrębski, e-mail: email@example.com
- Michał Stolarski
- Marcin Walas
- Justyna Walkowska
- Paweł Wereński
UTT is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
The dictionary files accompanying the UTT package are subject to separate licenses.
- UTT User Manual, draft, html
Tomasz Obrębski, Processing text corpora with grep, w: Proceedings
of New Trends in Intelligent Information Processing and Web Mining
- 2006, Springer Verlag, seria Advances in Soft Computing, 2006, str
Tomasz Obrębski, Michał Stolarski, UAM Text Tools - A Flexible NLP
Proceedings of LREC 2006, str. 2259-2262
Tomasz Obrębski, Michał Stolarski, UAM Text Tools - A text processing toolkit for
Polish. Proceedings of 2nd Language & Technology Conference,
Poznań, Poland, 2005, str. 301-304
- binary distribution
- sources: (to appear)
- Polex/PMDBF dictionaries for lem, cor, kor, and gue
- the Creative Commons by-nc-sa License
- GNU General Public Licence
The dictionary is generated from the morphological dictionary Polex, cf
Z. Vetulani, B. Walczak, T. Obrębski, G. Vetulani, Unambiguous
coding of the inflection of Polish nouns and its application in
electronic dictionaries - format POLEX, Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM,


Your Digital Presence
Are you looking to grow your business? The Harrison Public Library will be holding a series of seven virtual workshops for business owners starting on Monday, August 3 through Monday, August 31, from 10:30 am to 12 pm. The workshops will review key digital skills, and we’d love for you to attend. This will be a great opportunity to learn how to get your business online, attract customers, as well as meet other business owners. We are hosting this event as part of the Libraries Lead with Digital Skills program in partnership with the American Library Association and Grow with Google.
Copyright © 2018 Harrison Chamber Of Commerce - All Rights Reserved.


Unknown to most current Allard owners, the Allard Motor Company published 3 "Year Books" for the years 1951-52, 1952-53, and 1954. We are pleased to share with you copies of the first two year books*. Original copies of these year books are extremely rare and we'd like to thank Dean Butler for sharing these with us. Click the photos below to view the pdf's.
*Note: The 1954 book is essentially a duplicate of the 1952-53 Year Book, which is why it wasn't copied.


The Profession’s libraries have taken out a subscription to Journal of Risk Management in Financial Institutions. The journal is aimed at those directly involved in, or concerned with, the management of risk in the financial sector in five inter-related areas:
• Strategic and business risk: risks to the way the institution is managed
• Financial risk: covering both traditional and more exotic credit, market and liquidity risks and exposures
• Operational risk: management of
day-to-day business processes as well as large unexpected internal and external events
• Regulatory risks: regulatory developments and their impact on institutions
• Systemic risk: risks of a systemic crisis to the financial system as a whole.
Every quarter, Journal of Risk Management in Financial Institutions publishes a wide range of peer-reviewed practice papers, research articles and professional briefings written by leading practitioners and academic experts, including:
• Practice papers: addressing the issues facing practitioners in industry and consultancy
• Case studies: focusing on the challenges and problems faced by risk professionals
•Applied research papers: from leading institutions on areas of interest to practitioners, and the implications for practice
• Models and theories: practical models and theories which are being used in risk management
• Legal and regulatory updates: providing guidance on the major legal and regulatory issues
• Book reviews: critiquing major new books in the area
• Software reviews: user guides, tools and techniques for risk managers
For more information about the journal, see www.henrystewart.com/jrmfi.aspx.
The libraries will be receiving volume five onwards in print and will offer access to all back issues through Athens. Contact firstname.lastname@example.org for an account.


AUTHOR: Christopher Hivner
TITLE: The Spaces between Your Screams
PUBLISHER: eTreasures Publishing
GENRE: Paranormal / Contemporary / Horror /Ghosts / Demons / Witches / Shapeshifters
LENGTH: 298 pages
SEXUAL CONTENT: Luke Warm
ROSE RATING: 4 Roses!
REVIEWED BY: Phoenix
Don't scream. It only entices them, and when you stop, the real terror begins. In the moments between your cries, the monsters are released, profane and insatiable. Werewolves, witches, vampires and creatures never named prowl from the darkness. Soul collectors knock on your door while animals you won't find at the zoo slither through the yard around the dead bodies. Angels hover over your house, just in case. Behind them, in the bushes, demons wait for the same reason. A storm brews in the distance, ready to sweep you up and take you away, but to where? And would it be better than here where you're afraid to stop screaming and machinery hidden in the clouds has covered the sky?
A collection of horror shorts that will give you the willies, that’s what you’ll find in Christopher Hivner’s The Spaces Between Your Screams.
This horror anthology featured stories of the supernatural, ghosts and demons, murder and mayhem, lust and greed, and blood and gore, with a side of humor for good measure.
There were so many stories in this anthology of ghoulish tales that it would be impossible for me to discuss them all, roughly forty-one, give or take. Sufficient to say, there were several I really enjoyed, some I didn’t, and a few that made me go, “hmm…” Mr. Hivner has a wonderfully creative imagination when it comes to the strange and bizarre. One of the things I enjoyed most about his book is that each story is short enough to not drag on, but long enough to get your attention. It’s the perfect collection if you’re short on time, but want to get in a quick read, start to finish. You could easily read the entire book in a few days, or take your time and spread out his gruesome tales over a few weeks and not feel like you’ve missed something along the way.
I did notice some editing errors and questionable point-of-view violations, but nothing that really took away from the book as a whole. Overall, I enjoyed reading it and would probably recommend it to anyone who likes horror. A word of caution to young readers, although minimal, there are some sexual situations and/or references in a few stories that may be inappropriate for readers younger than 17.
Do you like being scared witless? Were morbid television series like Tales From the Crypt right up your alley? Then grab a copy of Christopher Hivner’s The Spaces Between Your Screams, you’re bound to find at least a few stories in his macabre anthology that will set you’re teeth a chatterin’.
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Everyone knows that finding the right life partner is one of the most important decisions anyone will make. Someone who grows up without strong role models and solid examples to imitate will probably have a harder time making good choices and sustaining a healthy relationship. Join Kevin as he shares the struggle he went through to become the person he was meant to be and how he is working to be worthy of the the woman who saved him. YOU […]
Seasoned Green Oak: Lessons to build a life on
with Kevin Honeycutt
Seasoned Green Oak is a collection of stories from my challenged childhood. In these episodes I share what I learned and what I think people can take from these stories to build a life on.


The good earth was made into a broadway play and a motion picture for this book, pearl buck first, it is popular and many students read it anyway, so a critical discussion of it is important second, chinese. Although married chinese farmers wang and o-lan initially experience success, their lives are complicated by declining fortunes and lean times, as well as the arrival of the beautiful young lotus. Pertinent quotes from the good earth helpful for writing essays, studying or teaching the good earth. The chinese custom of binding a young girl's feet plays an important role in the good earth when wang lung first sees o-lan, he immediately notes that her feet. The good earth, by pearl s buck, published in 1931 endures today as a classic novel of peasant farm life in china during the first quarter of the 20th century it is regarded by many as one of the two most important writings of an american woman author (the other novel is gone with the wind by.
Earth is the planet we live on this is called the ionosphere and is important for radio and other electric waves in the air it is also where the northern so far, this warming has been good for people: plants have grown better and the weather has been better than when it was colder. As huge as the earth is so is the topic pool for a good essay on earth few of the topics for an earth essay are an earth day essay could talk about its importance for humanity your earth essay could talk about how we endanger our planet and the huge variety of life on it through. The good earth (oprah's book club) in the good earth pearl s buck paints an indelible portrait of china in the 1920s but after the huge trim of interesting and very important scenes and details, it felt more like a children's book. Start studying the good earth chapters 1-14 learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. As the only known planet that is habitable for human beings, the earth's importance is self-evident every living organism known to science obtains all of its resources from earth, and has very few.
Importance of earthing or grounding why earthing/ grounding is necessary: poor earthing/ grounding not only contributes to unnecessary downtime, but a lack of good grounding is also dangerous and increases the risk of equipment failure. The good earth has 199,342 ratings and 8,559 reviews the good earth (house of earth #1) one should live life treating what is unsaid as just as important as what has been said flag 22 likes like see review feb 13. Explanation of the famous quotes in the good earth, including all important speeches, comments, quotations, and monologues. Latest news and features on science issues that matter including earth, environment, and space without the moon, would there be life on earth that's arguably just as important as our oceans' tidal ebb and flow still. The importance of the family - l tom perry close it is more important than ever to make our families the center of our lives and the top of our priorities we all will be reminded to focus our attention on the most important organization the lord has established here on earth.
A discussion of the the good earth themes running throughout the good earth great supplemental information for school essays and projects.
Get an answer for 'what is the setting of the good earth' and find homework help for other the good earth questions at enotes. The good earth important quotesdocx - download as word doc (doc / docx), pdf file (pdf), text file (txt) or read online gf. Why are oceans important new caledonia, world heritage site - dan laffoley, natural england oceans are the lifeblood of planet earth and humankind they flow over nearly three-quarters of our planet, and hold 97% of the planet's water.
The good earth in the book the good earth by pearl s buck, the setting is very essential, as it is with most all books the setting shapes the entire book, and it could not have been set in a different time or place and still have had the same effect. Earth facts earth is the third planet from the sun and largest of the terrestrial planets however, the earth is special in one very important regard—in all of the solar system, the earth is the only world known to foster life atmosphere. Why is the sun so important to life on earth without the sun, the earth would be dark and cold and life would quickly disappear just as the sun is live the bible records the truths jesus taught we cheat ourselves immensely when we fail to consult and follow this important. Importance of insects insects are everywhere insects are very important as primary or secondary decomposers we must always keep in mind that the good done by the many beneficial insects far outweighs any bad caused by a few pest species. Why shopping local is so important shopping local is more than just a trend, it's a lifestyle rather than supporting faceless corporations, buying local gives the control back to the consumer, and is in turn better for the environment, better for the economy, and better for the consumer.


About the Journal
“Polski Merkuriusz Lekarski Polish Medical Journal” is an official journal of the Polish Medical Association. The Editor-in-Chief is Prof. Waldemar Kostewicz, MD, Dr hab.
“ Polski Merkuriusz Lekarski ” is popular among authors and readers due to its interdisciplinary nature. The Journal is open to authors from the entire world. High substantive level is guaranteed by scientific board, reviewers and cooperation with the Polish Medical Association.
Articles from various disciplines of medicine, medical law and public health are published.The articles published in the bimonthly include original papers, review papers, and case studies mainly in English. All articles are available as Open Access, following the idea of unrestricted sharing of knowledge and science spreading.
The title of the journal refers to the oldest Polish periodical – 1661 „Merkuriusz Polski”. In the 17th Century prints containing current news were known under the name of „Merkuriusz” (derived from the name of Mercury – the patron of professions related to delivering letters and spreading information between regions and states).
The IS0 4 standard abbreviation of Polski Merkuriusz Lekarski is Pol Merkur Lek. This abbreviation is well recommended and approved for the purpose of indexing, abstraction, referencing and citing goals. It meets all the essential criteria of ISO 4 standard.
“Polski Merkuriusz Lekarski” cited by PUBMED/MEDLINE, SCOPUS, INDEX COPERNICUS, EBSCO, POLISH MEDICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY, Ministry of Education and Science.


Title plays an important role in all sectors and genres such as in journals, novels, projects, newspapers, magazines, e-papers, e-articles and so on. Likewise, in research paper also, title plays an important role by revealing the concept of the research paper to the readers. Yes, if a title does not attracts a reader means, then no one will either buy, read or open the articles, magazines, newspapers, research papers and so on. It is not a compulsion that, title should be lengthy in order to attract the readers, even if the title is short and sweet in a precise manner, in an attracting way means, then definitely, the no. of readers reading the magazines, newspapers, projects, journals, novels, research papers, e-articles, e-papers and so on. So, let us here see about how the title plays a key role for a research paper and whether the current students are having the knowledge about the significance and importance of title for their research paper.
Generally, as all sectors are considered, in the title displayed in various sectors itself, the whole theme or concept of news will be revealed to the readers. Such like that, for research paper also, while choosing a title, researchers should try to bring the whole concept of their research paper in a single line with the usage of short and precise words. As far as research paper title is considers, either the researcher can get the guidance of research guide, if he neglects to guide him for phrasing out a title means, then he can approach the online research paper writing websites to get a perfect guidance from start to end of a research paper. Considering those websites are still proven out to be more beneficiary for the people in the society. Before the researchers starting to create an exceptional research paper title for their research paper, they should check whether their research paper title satisfies the following three main criteria’s such as:
- Defining the paper’s contents in few words
- Attract and attain people’s attention
- Research Paper’s individuality should be maintained.
Based on the above three criteria’s only, research paper titles are framed out by most of the research paper writers who are all working various online research writing websites. If a person had created a research paper title by satisfying all the above three criteria’s means, then definitely, the response for that research paper will be an unexpected one.
Most of the expert research paper writers who are all working in online research paper writing websites are revealing out three important points to the present generation people who are all doing research paper. If they follow these three rules means, then definitely they could also design an awesome and attracting research paper title for their research paper.
- Short and Precise Format of Title: in this fast moving world, no one is willing to waste even a second unwontedly, so it is good to keep the research paper title in a short and precise format so that users will allot some time space to read the title or else they will skip to the next one.
- Proper Usage of Keywords: As far as research paper is considered, there will be a keyword which will be revealing the whole concept of research paper. So, each researcher should try to find out such keyword which has been present in their research paper. If they had found that means, then the formation of title will be a bread-butter job for them.
- Reduce Usage of Unknown Words: In most of the research paper, we could see the usage of abbreviated words such as AIDS, NATO, and HIV. It is not bad to use the abbreviated words in title, but at the same time it is better to reduce the usage of unknown and non familiar abbreviated words because, usage of les familiar abbreviated words are also having the chances to reduce the visitors.
So, the above listed are the three rules or guidelines issued by the research paper writers who are all working in the various online research paper writing websites from all over the world.


Megan Flaherty (SLMP alumna), librarian at Westview Hills Middle School in Willowbrook, is looking for a library/tech aide who will help with library checkout, cataloging, Chromebook trouble-shooting, and basic website updates: https://www.applitrack.com/maercker/onlineapp/default.aspx?Category=Technology
School District U-46 (Elgin) has 3 full time positions open looking for bilingual or ESL endorsed librarians. Each position is split between 2 schools. The title is “Title One Secondary Librarian, Bilingual”. There is also one part time and one full time middle school position open. http://www.u-46.org/pages/SDU46/Departments_Programs/Human_Resources/Careers
Opening for an MRC (media resource center) aide. The job application and information may be found at https://www.generalasp.com/D181/OnlineApp/jobpostings/view.asp?category=Instructional+Assistant
Worth Elementary School is seeking a K-5 Media Specialist. Interested candidates can find out more information here.
Applicant will work in the Library Media Center at Medinah Primary School – must have Paraprofessional Certification or equivalent. PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITIES: Assists the Library Media Director in checking out library materials to staff and students Assists in the computer lab as needed Other duties as requested TERMS OF EMPLOYMENT: Regular school year as set by the Board. Works […]
Elementary Library Media Program Description At The Frances Xavier Warde School, our library curriculum fosters a love of reading through exposure to a variety of literature. The mission of the school library program is to ensure that students and staff are effective users of ideas and information. Students are empowered to be critical thinkers, enthusiastic […]
Pritzker Elementary School is located in the Wicker Park neighborhood at 2009 West Schiller.. It has an attractive library and the school enjoys strong parent involvement. Candidates should be dedicated to delivering a well-round library program that infuses students with a love of literature, as well as the development of strong research and information literacy […]
Position Type: Support Staff/Library Media Assistant Location: Tate Woods Elementary School Details: Full time Library Resource aide at Tate Woods Elementary with full benefit package. Qualifications: ParaProfessional license is preferred Rate of Pay: $13.88/hour minimum Send inquiries to Wesley Gosselink, principal, at firstname.lastname@example.org Additional information could be found here.
Position Type: 0 Email To A Friend Print Version Closing Date: Until Filled Teacher/Media Specialist Date Posted: 6/27/2016 Location: Meadow Ridge School Reports to: Building Principal Qualifications: Appropriate certification as required by Illinois law. Academic training, evidence of continued professional growth (where applicable), successful prior experience (where applicable). An interest and/or experience in the […]


Artwork Management | Design | Picture Research
Each book in the Made Simple series takes a complicated subject and breaks it down into ten accessible and engaging lessons. With the help of clear graphics and illustrations, mathematic, engineering and scientific principles have never felt so simple. All design, artwork management and picture researching roles were completed by our in-house creative team.
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The Profession, Education, and Training of Librarians
Future development of the profession will be determined by the education and qualification of staff. All kinds of professional education in librarianship is available in the Czech Republic - special secondary school, college, bachelor, master, and graduate studies. The tradition of education in what is the Czech Republic today started in 1927, when librarianship courses were opened at the Faculty of Arts of Charles University, graduates of which were the first academically educated generation of librarians. Today, there are individual study programmes at six schools, three of which are universities.
The Faculty of Philosophy and Arts, Charles University, Prague
Institute of Information Studies and Librarianship
This is a representative institute of information and library science education in the Czech Republic, continuing a long tradition. At present, the institute offers both full-time and external studies. The content of the librarianship and the professional information studies programmes is very extensive both at the masters and doctorate levels. The Information Studies and Librarianship programme specializes in information, librarianship, and library science.
In addition to the traditional forms of education, the institute also offers a two-year programme of life-long learning for professionals already working in the field. The institute co-operates with several foreign institutions and schools, such as the OCLC, the Dialog Corporation, VINITI in Russia, and universities at Chapel Hill and Saarbrücken. Employees of the Institute take part in the activities of international organizations, especially the IFLA.
The Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Brno
Department of Czech Literature and Library Studies; Library Studies Section
The Masaryk University in Brno is the second largest university in the Czech Republic. The Faculty of Arts provides professional and pedagogical training in many study areas. The external studies programme in librarianship started in the 1991-1992 academic year, full-time studies in 1999. Librarianship education under the Information Studies and Librarianship programme offers all types of courses, i.e. three-year bachelors, five-year masters, and a subsequent two-year post-graduate masters, both in full-time and external forms. Students can broaden and complete their education through study visits at foreign universities under the EU international educational programmes or international, government, university, and faculty contract scholarships.
The Institute co-operates with the School of Information of Michigan (USA) and the Graduate School of Library and Information Science, University of Illinois (USA).
The Faculty of Arts and Natural Science, Silesia University, Opava
Institute of Czech Studies and Library Science; Department of Librarianship
Institute of Informatics; Department of Information Science
Silesia University was established in 1989. The beginnings of library education were closely connected with the study of Czech literature, focused in part on librarianship and book culture. An independent study programme was started in the 1993/1994 academic year with the objective of educating graduate students for careers in public libraries.
The three-year bachelors programme can be taken as a full-time or external study. It focuses on skills necessary for completing, processing, and organizing library collections, and on theoretical and practical knowledge for providing library and information services. The study programme aims at preparing qualified and competent professionals for work in all the types of public libraries.
In keeping with the tradition of the bachelors library studies programme, a two-year masters couse in Information and Library Studies is starting at the Institute of Informatics in the 2005/2006 academic year, both in full-time and external forms.
Higher Professional School of Information Services, Prague
Teaching at the Information Services College began on an experimental basis in 1992. Since 2001, the graduates of the college have been able to obtain Bachelors of Business Studies degrees in co-operation with the Institute of Technology Sligo in Ireland. Studies can be divided into bachelors and non-bachelors study programmes.
The first group includes the Applied Informatics bachelors programme, studying Business Information Systems. It prepares specialists for a wide range of functions in business information systems and information institutions of the information market. The second group includes the Information Management programme, specializing in Library Services (in both full-time and external study forms), or in Museum and Gallery Services.
The school was the first in the Czech Republic to have been awarded the EVOS certificate, granted by an independent commission on the basis of an evaluation of the high quality of school's activities.
High School and College for Vocational Studies in Information and Library Services, Brno
Established in 1952, the school has evolved from an adult education school to library school, finally setting up a study programme aimed at information processing, archive science, and librarianship. Its secondary school graduates can work in the cultural sphere of state government, cultural institutions, information centres, museums, galleries, archives, centres of extracurricular education, and in all types of libraries, as well as in the private sector.
In 1996, the High School of Vocational Studies in Information and Library Services expanded to include a college, offering a three-year full-time post-secondary study of Information Systems. Its aim is to prepare versatile professionals for the culture and information industry, particularly in the field of gathering, processing, and storing documents, information and collections, as well as information service presentation and promotion. Students are able to participate in language courses in England and Germany, and the college students can take part in work study programs abroad.
Business Academy and Secondary Vocational School and Higher Vocational School in Valašské Meziříčí
A school specializing in economics was established in 1949 after the consolidation of three schools of similar character in the region. At present, this school offers a four-year secondary education in business, a college special studies programme, and full-time bachelors studies. The college programme of Economic, Scientific and Technical Information Processing studies prepares students for work in informatics with versatile skills for processing economic, social, and statistical data in the business and supra-corporate sectors. The three-year programme is intended for secondary school graduates.
The System Engineering and Informatics bachelors study programme comprises studies in Euro-administration, Applied Informatics, Company Economics, and Information and Knowledge Management. Information and Knowledge Management focuses on analysis, planning, and management of company information systems, management systems, and on acquiring quantitative managerial abilities. Equipped with a basic knowledge of national legislation and EU directives, the graduates are groomed for work in information, administrative, and management bodies of both the business sector and public administration.
The system of schooling librarians is complemented with extracurricular education organized through library associations or large libraries. Under the Public Library and Information Services programme, the Ministry of Culture provides subsidies for the training of librarians in information technologies. In 2000 and 2001, training centres were, as a result, created at regional libraries, the National Library, and in the State Technical Library to serve in educating librarians in ICT, various forms of re-qualification, and life-long learning. For an overview of conferences, seminars, and educational events held at libraries, see https://www.stk.cz/Akce.
The development of information society is creating new space for co-operation among EU and the central and eastern European countries. For the associated countries, opportunities have arisen for becoming involved in various programmes which have had an immediate impact on improving the quality of life-long learning. Another significant benefit to librarianship education is the possibility for librarians to obtain grants from foundations. These include librarianship work and study visits at foreign universities, where new insights can be gained into selected subjects, and at foreign libraries, where librarians can substantially extend their knowledge of their field.


This book was published by Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph Company, Incorporated, for the GI's. You can tell, because a full 25% of the book is taken up by information on the base's telephone services, which I actually transcribed, because I found it so interesting.
Also included are two maps, one of BTC-10, and one of downtown Greensboro. I was amazed by these two maps, and what they implied about what a Service man was interested in, and what he was expected to do during basic training.
The first map details the camp, but it ignores some of the key featueres you would expect it to cover. The parade grounds are not listed, nor are the barraks or obstacle courses. Listed instead are the four theatres, the chapels, the libraries, the Post Office, the Service Clubs, the two PX's, the post headquarters, the ever-present telephone center, and the gates. I suppose that the easy answer for this is that the documents were in mass-circulation, and they didn't want to compromise the security of the base, but I still find it very interesting that it doesn't list these features that a GI would find most useful.
What really and truly interested me, though, was the second map, smack in the center of the booklet, that included the travel hubs (from bus stations to rail depots), the regular YMCA and the coloured YMCA, and two womens colleges -- the Women's College of University of North Carolina and the Greensboro College for Women. Both are denoted with big orange circles with white numbers inside, and the map appears slightly off center, so that they could just squeeze these last two prominent features into the picture.
My grandfather never appears to have used this particular book. It's in excellent condition, aside from a small amount of water damage. There are no phone numbers in the back, nor any notes on the pages provided. I wish he had included some numbers. It's a nifty little book, and I'm happy to have found it.


Protecting Innovation: The Corporate Innovator’s Guide to Patents
Inventors are some of our favorite people. We have had the opportunity to work with inventors working for some of the U.S.’s largest companies, inventors at start-up companies, university inventors, and independent inventors. Previously, John had written a small book whose primary focus was to assist independent inventors. That book is titled Dare To Invent: An Inventor’s Guide to Inventing, Protecting, and Monetizing Inventions. Feedback from that experience helped us realize there is a need for basic patent information in the context of corporate inventors and others who are involved in the invention process as a part of their employment. The purpose of this book is to help fill that need by increasing knowledge about the patent process and issues the corporate inventor may face throughout their career. After reading this book you will have a better understanding of how to read a patent, how to fulfill your obligations as a corporate inventor including how to complete invention disclosures, dealing with issues such as freedom-to-operate, approaches for handling infringement allegations, filing in countries outside of the U.S., and how patents are valued. Although relevant laws are discussed, it is not a legalistic review of applicable laws but instead an attempt to provide practical guidance and answer general questions routinely posed by corporate inventors.
Mark It Up: The Entrepreneur's Guide
Trademarks are crucial to many different types of businesses. Entrepreneurs of all kinds need to know the aspects of trademarking and brand protection along with the challenges and responsibilities associated with trademarks. This book helps provide the knowledge and understanding that may prove critical to success in modern, competitive business industries. This book is to be a useful resource in bridging those gaps, offering knowledge about the trademark process as well as addressing issues an entrepreneur may face throughout their career. Although relevant laws are discussed, this book is not a legalistic review of applicable laws but rather a source of practical guidance to address the questions and issues modern entrepreneurs often have.
Intellectual property and china
|Intellectual Property Issues when Importing from China into the US e-brochure|
|File Size:||1446 kb|


How the Unicorn Lost His Horn – Diamond Dust is a magical but lonely unicorn who discovers the most precious thing in the world – the unconditional love of a little girl.
Be Careful What You Wish For – a young girl is given magical crayons that will bring her drawing of her heart’s desire to life – but her artistic ability leaves a lot to be desired!
The Magic Pony – an abandoned pony is adopted by a witch who is not as wicked as she seems.
The (Slightly) Epic Saga of Buffalo Bill – tells the story of a starving young Connemara pony who dreams of a better life on a ranch in America.
Alice the Camel – Alice knows she is the prettiest pony on the farm, but when she overhears her rider saying she’s a camel, she decides to find out exactly what that means.
How Sweetpea Got Her Spots – Alice’s jealousy over Sweetpea’s distinctive spots lead her to try increasingly silly ways to get spots of her very own. (Download this story for FREE here: How Sweet Pea Got Her Spots)
I Do Believe in Fairies – Nobody believes Quint when she says she sees fairies in the pasture, but when she finally has a conversation with one, she learns an incredible truth.
Summer is on its way – Alice interviews the other horses on the farm about their anticipation of the coming summer.
Such Stuff as Dreams are Made On – the Horse Gods up in the heavens decide to create a perfect horse, but will anyone on earth truly appreciate and understand her?
Available as an e-book only. Download for only 99c here.
Cover art by Penelope Lattey.


Mrs. Yollis' class is learning about nonfiction.
Nonfiction writing is based on facts, real events, and real people. There are many helpful text features found in nonfiction writing. Some common text features are: headings, subheadings, captions, diagrams, time lines, maps, charts, and the glossary.
Below is a humdinger of a video made by Sheriff Yollis and Sheriff Salsich. They hope their video helps you greenhorns learn about about these important reading features!
Here it is on Vimeo if YouTube is blocked.
The Nonfiction Trail from Jonah Salsich on Vimeo.
What are your favorite text features?
(Headings, subheadings, captions, diagrams, time lines, maps, charts, and the glossary.)
Share something you learned from a text feature! Add a hyperlink if appropriate.


The Origin story of Red Thread PublishingAug 01, 2021
I love a good story, I always have.
The story of Red Thread Publishing & how it got its name.
My grandfather raised me on Greek myths. One of my favorites has always been Theseus & the Minotaur: the one with the labyrinth & the monster & the guy that has to slay the beast to save the girl. You know that story.
It never ceases to amaze me or even our favorite stories leave some of the best parts out. A great book that fills in so many of the delicious missing tidbits is Dr. Clarissa Pinkola Estés, Women Who Run with Wolves. She retails the stories that you grew up with but includes the bits that were too scandalous, too delicious, too insidious, or too empowering to make it into the Grimm's Fairy Tales which are pretty rough as it is.
While I was heartbroken & titillated to discover that I had only understood half of one of my favorite stories. Here's the part of the story that's usually overlooked:
The way that Theseus managed to navigate the labyrinth, in order to kill the Minotaur & safely emerge was because of a woman. She was the daughter of the king (& in my favorite telling of the story) she accompanied him to the edge of the labyrinth. Wanting him to be successful, she realized he needed a way to navigate the maze. She looked down &she saw a thread hanging from her red dress. She pulled at the thread until she stood there before him naked. He used that red thread, having it tied around his finger to help him safely out of the maze.
How much fun is that? How come it was left out?
Red Thread Publishing helps you navigate the maze.
Red Thread leaves you bare before your demons & your loved ones. Red Thread helps you come out on the other side unscathed. But maybe, most importantly, Red Thread tells the part of the story that has been left out.
When I work with new authors there are so many obstacles, doubts & fears to navigate. It's easy to get lost in the mess. But the stories these women come to tell have strength & life of their own. These authors need fortification. We need tools & strength to excavate our souls & share what needs to be shared, to uncover the missing piece the part of humanity that has laid dormant.
One of the exercises I share, asks each woman to put aside the doubts that who am I & what if & how dare I? These are common & real fears; but they will get the better of you if you let them.
Exercise: we ask women to deeply connect with the story itself, as if it is alive, a creature unto itself. Then I ask them to visualize all the people on the planet who need to know this creature, read this story, experience this wisdom, & gain these tools. I invite them to connect each of these readers to their story with a tiny thin Red Thread. Connecting with countless people that will likely never meet, never know, never understand how what we shared impacted them. Really grounding in the infinite-ness of this creation act.
I've said it before, I say it all the time; writing a book is the truest act of love & faith I know.
This exercise can ground us in this fact that we are already connected to the people who will someday read our story somewhere around the world-- maybe well after we die someone can pick up your book read it, learn it & have a unique & potentially life-changing experience.
Red Thread has so many meanings. It's our tether to help us navigate the maze that would otherwise kill us. It is that unraveling that we must do for ourselves. It is our safety when all hope seems lost & it's that which connects us with countless souls, allowing for us to tell the missing piece of the story --both for ourselves & for humanity as a whole. Not too bad, huh?
All the while we don't take ourselves too seriously.
We support women with the emotional & logistics of writing & publishing... so they can be successful & become the heroines of their own stories.
If you have questions and want support strategizing the back-end of your book or any other writing or publishing questions, book a call. I, or one of my team, will take the time to help you as best we can.
Learn about our books & Authors.
Connect with your host, Sierra Melcher, here or on https://linktr.ee/integralwomen & learn more about redthreadbooks.com
Red Thread Publishing: Stories Change Lives
We believe in the power of women's voices & stories to change the world. We support women not only to write & publish their books but to really embrace their voice, accelerate empowerment & reach global impact. Because women matter.
Sierra Melcher, author & founder of @RedThreadPublishing, & our team will support you every step of the way.
If you are interested in writing or publishing with us connect at [email protected]
Photo Credit: https://unsplash.com/@timroosjen


The Myths & Legends Behind Unicorns
For almost 2,000 years, the unicorn, a mythical creature renowned in European folklore, has captured the human imagination. People actually believed them to be real for most of that time, far into the Middle Ages. The origins of the unicorn mythology can be traced back to at least 400 BCE when the Greek historian Ctesias described a unicorn-like creature in his works about the Indian subcontinent. Unicorns were described in the writings of other notable historical writers such as Aristotle, Pliny the Elder, and even Julius Caesar, who stated that similar creatures could be found in Germany’s ancient and extensive Hercynian Forest.
The unicorn is described in early texts as vicious, quick, and impossible to catch, with a magical horn that can heal a variety of maladies. The unicorn grew in importance over time as a symbol of purity, strength, and medieval chivalry. It even took on theological aspects and was sometimes used as an allegory for Christ. Unicorn imagery and descriptions were prominent in Medieval Bestiary during the Middle Ages, as well as the unicorn became a common theme in medieval art.
The Unicorn Tapestries, which are currently on display at the Cloisters of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, are perhaps the most prominent example. Nowadays, the unicorn can be discovered everywhere (and nowhere): it is a ubiquitous symbol that can be discovered in everything from movies to parlance for billion-dollar start-ups. Despite the fact that we no longer believe in the existence of unicorns, the unicorn mythology lives on.
Early Accounts Of The Single-Horned Creature
Ctesias, who lived in 400 BCE, is credited with writing the first written description of a unicorn. Ctesias was a Greek physician and historian who served in the Achaemenid Empire’s courts of Darius II and Artaxerxes II. He wrote Indica, the first Greek book on India, Tibet, and the Himalayas. He relied on information provided by travelers along the Silk Road because he had never visited the region.
Indica was widely read and quoted, as well as mocked for some of its more imaginative descriptions. Only fragments of it survive today, including those outlined by Photius in the 9th century CE. Ctesias’ multicolored creature was most likely a fancy depiction of the Indian rhinoceros. The rhinoceros’ horn was thought to have healing characteristics in India, and it was sometimes fashioned into drinking vessels with three bands of shades.
Nonetheless, the belief in the unicorn horn’s magical healing powers became deeply engrained in the unicorn mythology. Ctesias, who was well-known for his fascination with the fantastical, had characterized an enthralling creature unlike any other. His writings impacted future historians and were the foundation around which the unicorn myth was built.
Aristotle, writing less than a century later, criticized Ctesias’ work for what he saw as embellishments, but he did not disagree with Ctesias’ description of the single-horned beast. In The History of Animals, Aristotle indicated the existence of the “Indian ass,” which he described as having a single horn sprouting from the center of its head and is “single-hooved,” rather than “cloven-footed,” like most horned animals.
In the ancient and dense Hercynian Forest of Germany, Julius Caesar documented the presence of a stag with a single horn that is much “taller as well as straighter” than any previously seen. In the second century CE, Aelian, a Roman historian, described the unicorn in much the same way as Ctesias, mentioning that it could be discovered in India. Aelian, on the other hand, characterized their coats as reddish, not white. They were polite with other creatures but preferred to be alone, only mixing with other creatures of their kind throughout mating season.
He pointed out that they can’t be caught, at least not when fully grown, and that sipping from their horns would heal anyone. These accounts by well-known historical figures, who were regarded as reliable and acceptable at the time, contributed to the perpetuation of the unicorn mythology over the years. Pliny the Elder, writing in the first century CE, was the one who eventually gave this single-horned creature the name we know it by today: the Monoceros, or unicorn.
Pliny believed it had the feet of an elephant and the tail of a swine, despite the fact that he described it as horse-like with a single horn. While physical descriptions of unicorns varied in these early writings, the animal’s demeanor remained unchanged. These early reports highlighted the characteristics that became associated with the legendary unicorn, including quickness, aggression, invincibility, healing abilities, as well as elusiveness.
Religious Symbolism Of The Unicorn
The unicorn gained religious overtones within the Christian church over the years as a sign of purity and compassion and was sometimes used as an allegory for Christ. During the 3rd century CE, Alexandrian authors translating the Old Testament from Hebrew to Greek substituted the Greek word Monoceros for the Hebrew word re êm, which meant wild ox. The word “unicorn” exists in various English Bible translations, notably the King James Bible, as a result of this interpretation, frequently with overtones to power and ferocity.
The unicorn was a sign for Christ, and the unicorn’s horn was symbolic of the cross, according to Tertullian, a Carthaginian author who wrote around 190 CE. The horn, according to Saint Basil in the third century CE, symbolized “glory, might, and redemption.” The unicorn was well-established as a religious emblem by the Middle Ages, and it became a prominent subject in medieval art. The unicorn became connected with moral ideals throughout this time period, with a focus on knighthood, chivalry, as well as chastity, and beauty.
The Quest For The Ancient Unicorn
Few, if any, people today would reasonably say to have seen a unicorn, but that hasn’t prevented us from searching for one. Modern researchers have been tempted to look for traces of the mysterious unicorn in far more archaic images than medieval bestiaries. For instance, the so-called “unicorn” cave painting discovered in the Paleolithic Lascaux Cave’s Hall of the Bulls goes back to 17,000 BCE.
There’s also the “unicorn,” which can be found on various soapstone seals from the Indus Valley Civilization discovered at archaeological sites in Harappa, Pakistan. Perhaps these creatures originally referred to a species that resembled a unicorn, implying that the unicorn mythology had a considerably longer history than current evidence implies.
Many researchers, on the other hand, argue that such portrayals are nothing more than perspective drawings of two-horned animals. Furthermore, the Chinese Qilin has been linked to the unicorn of European medieval folklore, despite the fact that the Qilin is generally represented as having two horns and there are few similarities between the two species.
In any case, it’s not just the fabled unicorn’s single horn that fascinates people, but the traits that have come to be connected with this mysterious, ferocious, and mystical creature. The unicorn has captivated our attention for ages, but we have only ever come close to describing a unicorn via artwork and tales.


Thank You for Making the Lit Show a Great Night!
On Friday August 3rd the GLIBA and ArtBar hosted an evening of authors, booksellers, publishers, artists and literary themed art at Two Brothers Roundhouse in Aurora, IL. Thank you so much to everyone that attended. We kicked off the evening with author readings while a literary themed art show exhibited throughout the night. A huge thank you to Melanie Benjamin, Peter Coviello, Jessica Hopper, Siobhan Thompson and Sung Yim. As well, thank you to University of Texas Press, Penguin Random House, Delacorte Press, Featherproof Books, Perfect Day Publishing and Ghost City Press. It was a wonderful night and we will have more events like this soon! Photos by Deepayan Bose (Check out the rest of the photos from The Lit Show)
Current GLIBA members are entitled to up to 12,500 FREE catalogs, and for a small charge you can have your store information imprinted.
The Great Lakes Independent Bookselling Association is a non-profit trade organization dedicated to free speech and independent bookselling in our region. Our mission is to promote independent bookselling, to strengthen partnerships among members in all aspects of the bookselling industry, and to promote the Great Lakes region as a vital marketplace. We have over 125 stores in Indiana, Illinois, Kentucky, Michigan and Ohio. Our members are owners and booksellers of independently owned bookstores, publishers, sales representatives, distributors, authors, and librarians.


We are convinced that humanity has an important place in human society and we want to help strengthening and maintaining this. We experience that in this world people are merely reduced to numbers and figures. The human aspect gets drowned out by the force of facts and information. Therefore, the value of community, the humanity of “us”, of the people becomes of less importance and disappear to the background to slowly be forgotten.
We feel that sharing life experience is an important of human nature and herein we recognize the value of humanity that we seek. That is why we see in this behaviour an opportunity to strengthen the values of humanity.
With our motto in mind, “every story is worth being heard”, we set out to hear the stories of people’s life experiences of whoever is willing to share. You can find us anywhere, willing to listen to all the stories of every life, of every experience, of every emotion.
By giving everyone the opportunity to share their life experience with the world, we want to acknowledge their humanity. With this acknowledgement we hope to increase the awareness of how important and big the role of humaneness is in society.
All collected stories will be written down and made anonymous. The stories will then be stored in the archives of Fabulae Hominum. This way the stories will be giving a place accessible to everyone. Not only in the present but also for future generations.


What I’ve been reading in 2020
13.24, Monday 28 Dec 2020 Link to this post
I would recommend these 5 non-fiction books, all of which I read over 2020:
- Viruses, Plagues, and History: Past, Present, and Future, Michael B A Oldstone (29 May)
- Extraterrestrial Languages, Daniel Oberhaus (18 July)
- Astounding: John W. Campbell, Isaac Asimov, Robert A. Heinlein, L. Ron Hubbard, and the Golden Age of Science Fiction, Alec Nevala-Lee (29 Aug)
- Economic Science Fictions, ed. William Davies (1 Nov)
- The Institutional Revolution: Measurement and the Economic Emergence of the Modern World, Douglas W Allen (11 Dec)
Links are to Bookshop.org (UK site; tap the flag for different regions). Dates are date finished.
Viruses, Plagues, and History is simultaneously a social history (each chapter covers one plague: polio, measles, etc) but also a scientific education and a scientific history. Oldstone covers virology and how different vaccines work, in decent detail, and the stories of the teams that discovered the cures.
Eye-opening to read about how wars and politics have pivoted dramatically and throughout history on disease outbreaks, and the sheer complexity of the biology. One image that stuck in my head: when the polio vaccine was announced in 1955, church bells were rung across the whole of the United States. Imagine that.
Extraterrestrial Languages is another scientific history, this time of the efforts to send messages into space. What language do we speak to aliens, who may or may not be there, and with whom we share not a tongue nor a cultural context nor even our biology? And when messages are sent, are they meant for the ETs, or are they really intended as a unifying message to all us humans here on Earth? Good anecdotes – plus a throwaway comment which took me on a dive into John Lily and his weird dolphin experiments back in July.
Astounding is four intertwined biographies. John Campbell was editor of the science fiction magazine Astounding from 1937 till 1971, and bullied into the world what we now think of as “traditional” sci-fi pretty much by force of will. All those tropes about square-jawed capable men (specifically men…), scientifically and logically conquering the galaxy in their spaceships, and sci-fi being a vehicle to predict and bring about the future: that’s Campbell. He was also deeply racist alongside other troubling views, with a side interest in pseudo science – including co-developing Dianetics (which became Scientology) with L. Ron Hubbard. Fascinating stories about big personalities, and good colour on 20th century America.
Economic Science Fictions is a collection of pieces running from critical theory to experimental fiction, all ostensibly taking a run at how science fiction can inform today’s understanding of economics. But sci-fi is neither here nor there – there are many perspectives on economics, and speculation on what is fixed and what is contingent, and that’s what I found most educational. The result is a kind of disentangling or unpicking of the knot of capitalism that I have for so long taken for granted.
I found the collection influential while I was writing my essay for ThingsCon, The hard work of imagining, on utopias and dystopias and the irresistable “logics” of interconnected systems – clearly thinking about economic imperitives there.
Finally, The Institutional Revolution (recommended by Bryan Boyer) is a fourth history and a second book about economics. The premise: the modern economic world comes from the ability to reliably measure – and the institutional patterns of the modern world cover everything from wages to factories; from public provision of roads to social norms about what we now call bribes. Before reliable measurement, there was uncertainty about the wind, about time, about plagues and trust… and the result was institutions that were none-the-less extremely effective, but had a very different form. This is a history of Britain in the pre-modern era: of the aristocracy, and duels, and the private ownership of lighthouses, courts, and positions in the army.
It’s a simple question: pre-modern Britain had institutions that were almost unchanged for 300 years, in forms that we would now say were inefficient and corrupt. But taking the counterfactual that this was the most rational way to organise the economy, why did these particular institutions win? Allen takes a strongly Coasean approach of figuring out how mechanisms like aristocracy and patronage would minimise economic transaction costs, and as someone who has been previously inspired by Ronald Coase, it’s a provocative take.
Also, as a Brit, I feel like I understand the old aristocracy - a kind of mafia really - all the better for it being described by an outsider. One of those books where I was stopping every few pages to read anecdotes out loud.
2020 has been an odd year for reading. I’ve not read much that’s new. Mostly, because of lockdown and therefore self care reasons, I’ve been comfort reading old favourites.
So here are two.
Anathem (Neal Stephensen) is a story of monks on a planet not quite like Earth where philosophy and the scientific method have followed a parallel track all the way from their equivalent of the ancient Greeks. Technology comes and goes, society comes and goes. The monks take the long view. It’s terrifically well told, and somehow manages to go deep on big ideas while still galloping along. Tremendous.
Stars in My Pocket Like Grains of Sand (Samuel R Delany) is set in a vast, multi-species, culturally rich galaxy, and it plays games with linguistics and subjectivity. It’s also a love story, and highly erotic – suddenly and explicitly so. I find it haunting that Delany intended Stars to be the first of two books but, after separating from his partner, never wrote the second.
Both books range wildly between the macro and micro, and at all levels there is both precision detail and room for the imagination to breath. The result, which they share, is that they give me a breathless feeling of vastness – and yet for all that backdrop, they’re focused on people. They’re both novels that, when I’m halfway through, I slow down because I don’t want to leave.


A book writing contest for kids ages 12 and under will help promote energy conservation.
FortisBC is promoting the contest, which supports literacy as well as conservation. Other community partners include Literacy Matters Abbotsford, Fraser Valley Regional Library, Central Abbotsford Community School, and Abbotsford Early Years Committee.
Contest packages can be picked up at the Clearbrook and Abbotsford Libraries or downloaded from literacymattersabbotsford.com. Drop off finished books at the library by Aug. 14. The winning entry will be announced on Aug. 26, 10 to 11 a.m., at Storytime in the Park at Mill Lake Park.


Useful documents for new authors
- Title registration form to register a new title with our group
- Pre-submission checklist for protocol
- Pre-submission checklist for review
Getting involved as a Review Author: If you have expertise in some aspect of healthcare, consider joining the relevant Cochrane Review Group. If there is not yet a group which covers your specialty, register your interest in being part of a new group. Being part of a Cochrane review group provides the support, resources and training to tackle a systematic review, and an international audience when your work is published in The Cochrane Library.
- Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions - the official guide to producing Cochrane reviews
- RevMan web page - documentation and support for software for preparing and maintaining Cochrane reviews
- GRADEpro - (GRADEprofiler) is the software used to create Summary of Findings (SoF) tables in Cochrane systematic reviews
- Cochrane Style Resource - compare your Cochrane Review against the official style guide
- Using Individual Patient Data - Power Point slides
- Re-publishing of reviews - explanation of procedures and permission form if you wish to re-publish your review in another scientific journal
- Reporting Guidelines
CONSORT - reporting of RCTs
PRISMA (formerly QUOROM) [PDF document] - preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses
STROBE - reporting of observational studies in epidemiology
EQUATOR Network - collection of reporting guidelines
- Cochrane Diagnostic Test Accuracy Group
- Submission deadlines - includes information on deadlines for Copy Edit Support and module/CENTRAL submissions, as well as publication dates for The Cochrane Library
Training - face-to-face
Training - online
- Open Learning Materials - learn the steps in convenient online modules which supplement the Cochrane Reviewers' Handbook in helping you gain skills and complete your review.
Training resources provided by other organizations:
- Undertaking Systematic Reviews of Research on Effectiveness - an extensive guide by the NHS Centre for Reviews & Dissemination
Methods used in reviews
Access to specialised register by reviewers
The editorial base of the Cochrane Drugs and Alcohol Review Group maintains a specialized register of controlled trials.
All RCTs and CCTs from the CDAG Specialized Register can be found on the Cochrane Library by doing a search on SR-ADDICTN. Take into consideration however that when the new Cochrane Library issue come out, three months have past since the Register was submitted. In addition, the main databases searched (MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL) always run one to two months behind. This means that CENTRAL on the Cochrane Library is generally around five months behind. If you need an up-to-date search contact Zuzana Mitrova (email@example.com).
Authors should contact the editorial base before they begin their searches. The Trials Search co-ordinator will provide assistance in the preparation of the search strategy. If requested, she will launch the search strategy for each review on the main databases and the results will be forwarded to the relevant author. Hard copy of those articles not easily accessible are given to the author if available at the editorial base.
Should the author find that the trial type of a reference has been incorrectly classified, (s)he is asked to provide detailed comments.
Additional search strategies
Authors are asked to contact authors and to search citations in each trial report to obtain information on potential additional trials. In addition, authors are advised to contact pharmaceutical companies (a standard letter is included in the information pack) for unpublished studies and to check conference proceedings for additional references.
It is the decision of individual authors to propose the type of study design that they would like to include in their reviews (see the guidelines included in "Additional information"). This information is included in the title submission form which is circulated and discussed by the editorial team before a title is registered. The authors are tutored through the editorial process by a Contact Editor with whom they are invited to discuss any methodological question that arise.
Assessment of methodological quality
Guidelines for assessing the methodological quality have been developed related both to controlled trials and to other types of studies (see Additional information).
GUIDELINES TO ASSESS STUDY QUALITY
Introduction These guidelines are intended to help reviewers of the CDAG group to check the validity of the trials to be included in reviews. The Cochrane Collaboration's reviewing is based on experimental studies, mainly RCTs and CCTs, which are considered the research designs better assuring unbiased results, when they are well conducted, for the reason that they control for unknown and unmeasured confounders. There are however several conditions in which an experimental design can be inappropriate, inadequate or even impossible , and those conditions are specially frequent in most fields of alcohol and, particularly, in drug treatment research. For this reason the editorial group of Cochrane Drugs and Alcohol Group (CDAG) considers the inclusion of the observational studies but only for topics in which there are no published RCTs or CCTs. The first section of this document discusses study designs qualified to be included in CDAG's reviews and presents the relative definitions. The second section give the criteria to be used for assessing the quality of RCTs and CCTs . For what concern the quality assessment of non randomized studies, the editorial group is still working on this topic to individuate a few and evidence based criteria to be used. In the meantime we suggest to refer to the "best" checklist for non randomised studies retrieved by Deeks JJ and coll. and considered suitable for use in a systematic review.
Section 1 - Study designs and definitions -Randomised controlled trial (RCT):
An epidemiological experiment in which subjects in a population are randomly allocated into groups, usually called 'study' and 'control' groups, to receive an experimental preventive or therapeutic procedure, manoeuvre, or intervention. The randomization methods used could be: a random numbers tables or computer generated random number. If the authors don't specify the method used but simply declare that the study is randomized, the study must be classified as randomized. -Controlled clinical trial (CCT):
An epidemiological experiment in which the treatment allocation is carried out using a so called "quasi randomized method" as alternation, patient social security numbers, days of the week, medical record numbers, day of birth or other such pseudo- or quasi-random processes.
-Controlled prospective study (CPS) Cohort prospective study:
A longitudinal study in which subjects with the same health problem are treated with different interventions and are followed up for a sufficient time to measure reliable outcome rates. Within the cohort, the researcher identifies a study group and a control group, according to the intervention to be tested and the comparison. Since the choice of the treatment remains a responsibility of the phisician in charge of the patient or is a choice of the patient itself, a crucial methodological problem of this study design is the control of the differences in baseline prognostic factors (confounding).
-Controlled before after study (CBA) An observational study, based on ecological data, where there is contemporaneous data collection before and after the intervention and an appropriate control population . The allocation is not at individual level but a population level, in other words one city or hospital receives the intervention and the control city or hospital does not. It is a study design specially pointed to measure the effects of an intervention at a population level, such as health promotion campaigns or mass media interventions.
-Interrupted time series (ITS) An epidemiological study, based on current data measured before and after an intervention occurred in the target population. The is not a control group. Since the evaluation is based on time trends, there must be a clearly defined point in time when the intervention occurred and at least three data points before and three after . Since the outcome evaluation is based on population level measures, this study design is specially aimed at the evaluation of population based interventions.
Section 2 - Guidelines for the appraisal of papers
For RCTs and CCTs, the Cochrane Collaboration recommends a specific tool for assessing risk of bias in each included study. This comprises a description and a judgement for each entry in a "Risk of bias" table, where each entry addresses a specific feature of the study.
If you have any difficulty in compiling the risk of bias table, please do not hesitate to ask for help of our quality advisor sending her the full text of the articles for which you have problems (e.mail: firstname.lastname@example.org) and specifying the nature of the problem
For each study finally selected for inclusion, data extraction will be completed when possible directly from the paper independently by two reviewers considering the outcomes and the methodological quality. In case additional information is needed, contact is sought with the authors. The group is elaborating a list of standardised outcomes to improve the coherence between the published reviews.
Statistical guidance is one of the tasks of the contact editor to a reviewer. The group has a statistical adviser who referees every draft reviews. In general, the statistical methods described in the handbook are recommended. In particular, given that most of trials included in our reviews are based on high rates of the events considered and between trials heterogeneity, when metanalysis is possible, we suggest the use of RR with a random effect model. Reviewers are encouraged to contact the Coordinator for queries.
THE CASE OF URINE TESTS ANALYSIS (The use of urine tests analyses in meta-analysis) One of the most reliable outcomes to evaluate the effectiveness of treatments for opioid dependence is the abstinence from street heroin use. Measure of heroin use based on urinalysis for drug metabolites are preferable to self-report or collateral reports, because of their objectivity. The modalities of reporting results of urinalysis in published papers may be heterogeneous among studies, making meta-analysis (MA) difficult to be carried out. When performing a systematic review of efficacy of treatment for drug dependence, a comparative quantitative summary measure of urine test results would be required. Nevertheless those results as reported in the articles are hardly informative. Data presented as number of positive tests over number of tests cannot be properly analysed through MA. Using tests instead of the subjects as unit of analysis violates the hypothesis of independence among observations. In fact, the results of tests done in each patient are not independent. A way of conducting a meta-analysis of urine test results would be to have access to individual patient data or ask the authors for further information about the urinalysis test. In case each patient, in both groups, has given the same number of tests at the same points in time the information to ask for would be:
a)proportion of positive results (number of positive results out of the total number of tests) for each patient
b)number of positive results for each patient
In the calculation of the above statistics an important role play the missing data. In presence of missing data an assumption needs to be made. In those patients for whom the results of some tests have not been reported would be necessary to assume that those tests missing would have provided a positive result.
The figures reported in the overall results of the study would be:
a)the mean of the subject proportions of positive results (sum of the proportions divided by the number of patients)
b)the mean of number of positive results (sum of positive results divided by the number of patients).
Together with these statistics the standard deviations, the number of patients or standard errors for each treatment group should be provided.
The standardised difference could be calculated to measure the treatment effect in each study. Whereas to summarise the results so obtained among studies the standardised mean difference method could be used.
However, the success of the approach of collecting data after contacting the original authors needs a remarkable investment of resources and not least it is highly dependent on the authors' willingness to collaborate with the reviewers.
The CDAG editorial base should be contacted to discuss the feasibility and need of using those data in the meta-analysis.
Reporting of reviews
Reviewers are recommended to follow the guidance given in the Cochrane Reviewers' Handbook and can contact the Managing Editor for further clarification if required.
1. People interested in conducting a review with the Drugs and Alcohol Review Group should contact the Managing Editor or the Assistant Coordinator to ask for a "Title Submission Form" or download it from the Group website. The person taking responsability for the proposal (contact author) should complete the title submission form.
2.The proposed title will then be evaluated by the Editorial base and the Editorial Team and will also be circulated to the other Collaboration Groups to determine whether it is an area of common interest. Where more than one person proposes doing the same review, they are encouraged to work together. If this is not possible, responsibility for the review will be negotiated between the interested reviewers or may be given to the person who first registered the title. Where agreement cannot be reached, the final decision rests with the Co-ordinating Editor.
3. The title is registered in the Cochrane Library and the Editorial Base appoints a Contact Editor (chosen among the editors and assistant editors) and identify 2 external referees in the list of CDAG referees. The reviewers are encouraged to attend a workshop organised by the nearest Cochrane Centre.
4. After the registration of the Title, the Assistant Coordinator will arrange for the following materials to be sent to the review author(s):
details of where to obtain Review Manager software and Archie (the Cochrane Collaboration's server for managing documents and contact details);
links to the Cochrane Handbook, Cochrane Style Guide, Module of the CDAG, cochrane workshops, cochrane collaboration open learning materials for review authors;
a template of a review (a sort of framework to write the review, in RevMan5 format);
an example of a recently published protocol and review from the Drugs and Alcohol group's module if the review authors do not have the access to The Cochrane Library.
The editorial base will prepare the RevMan file and will inform the contact author when the file is ready to be checked out to RevMan 5 from Archie.
5. The draft protocol is expected within six months after the registration of the title. The editorial base will check all protocols for appropriateness of search strategy and adherence to QUOROM statement and template. If the review has "specific" statistical aspects to be reviewed, with special attention to heterogeneity, it is referred to the statistician advisor. The Assistant Co-ordinator will send the draft to the referees and collects their comments.The Assistant Co-ordinator will inform the contact author when the protocol has been sent to referees and will give planned timescales. All protocols are assigned a Contact Editor who verifies the scientific relevance and inclusion of appropriate issues; if necessary, asks reviewers for corrections. The Contact Editor ultimately approves the protocol for publication.
8. The referees are asked to send their feedback to the editorial base within 3 weeks.
The Assistant Co-ordinator send to the Contact Editor and the Reviewer a cover sheet in which the comments from referees are organised. The Contact Editor can express his/her opinion on the referees comments to the contact author (copying it to the Assistant Coordinator).
9.The reviewers integrate the comments from referees and Contact Editor in the final draft which is forwarded to the Assistant Coordinator along with a coversheet in which the amendments and the possible objections are highlighted.
10. The Managing editor ensure that all the steps will be done before the publication.
This process should be done within 6-8 months
11. The Trial Search Coordinator of the Group provides assistance in obtaining full articles.
12. The same peer referee process described for the protocol is performed for publishing the review. The reviewers are encouraged to contact the editorial base for help.
Authors are expected to complete the full review within 12 to 18 months of the protocol being published unless there are extenuating circumstances.
Once a review has been completed it is expected the Reviewer will update the review regularly. The Reviewer is asked to review the literature on a regular basis; at least every two years. In cases where new evidence is available the review should be updated. However, in the case where no new evidence exists the date of last update will still be modified to reflect the date of this process. The Trial Search Coordinator perform the search strategy on the group's specialised register quarterly and forwards the results to the first author. In case of significant changes the peer review process is carried out. The judgement is up to the Coordinating Editor.
CRITICISM The groups Criticism Editor is responsible for organising and summarising all post-registration criticisms. These will be forwarded to Reviewers through the Coordinator for negotiation and response.
The plain language is a brief summary of the results of the review for consumers and non-specialist readers, it does not replace the abstract but is an additional product. Reviewers may either draft the synopsis themselves (ideally with consumer input on content and readability), or ask their Editorial Base to do it. The Cochrane Collaboration has a consumers network that help in write the plain language summary. Furthermore the Group has consumers available for help and suggestions.
The final version is submitted to the reviewer for approval.
Publication of versions of Cochrane Reviews in print journals
Authors may wish to seek co-publication of Cochrane Reviews in peer-reviewed medical journals, for The Cochrane Collaboration, there is one essential condition of co-publication: Cochrane Reviews must remain free for dissemination in any and all media, without restriction from any of them.
A Cochrane systematic review should be published either before, or at the same time as, its publication in other journals. Authors should not publish Cochrane Reviews in journals before they are ready for publication in The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR).
The following passage can be provided to journal editors upon submission of a review for publication, and the letter of submission should be copied to the CRG editors for information. This policy and procedure may be new to some journal editors and may require direct discussion with the journal editor. The CRG editors should be informed of any problems encountered in this process.
"This systematic review has been prepared under the aegis of The Cochrane Collaboration, an international organisation that aims to help people make well-informed decisions about healthcare by preparing, maintaining and promoting the accessibility of systematic reviews of the effects of healthcare interventions. The Cochrane Collaboration's publication policy permits journals to publish reviews, with priority if required, but permits The Cochrane Collaboration also to publish and disseminate such reviews. Cochrane Reviews cannot be subject to the exclusive copyright requested by some journals."