Babatha & the Role of Women in the 2nd Century
Exploring the mysterious 2nd-Century find in the Cave of Letters.
Nearly two thousand years ago, a Judean woman hiding from Roman soldiers buried her most precious legal documents in a cave. Discovered by an Israeli archaeologist, Babatha's archive reveals a vivid portrait of the life of a second-century woman.
When Babatha wrapped her precious scrolls in a small leather pouch and hid them under a loose rock in the floor of the cave, she probably expected to retrieve them after the Romans ended their hunt for the Bar Kochba rebels. The documents were her only hope to regain her family’s land, full custody of her child and a large debt owed to her by her late husband’s first wife, and therefore, Babatha did not easily surrender them to the earth.
The brutal Roman-Jewish war, coming just seven decades after the destruction of the Temple, left her no choice: the political upheaval forced this 30-year-old Jewish woman to seek refuge along with several hundred men, women and children in the cave complex near the Dead Sea.
Leather pouch that contained Babatha’s scrolls.
The documents remained intact and undisturbed in their makeshift tomb for nearly two thousand years, as Babatha did not live to taste the air of the open desert again. The scrolls were only discovered in 1960 by the great archaeologist Yigal Yadin in a remote location that has since been named the Cave of Letters.
The scrolls, 35 in all, were a series of important legal documents. Written in Greek and two dialects of Aramaic (Nabatean and Judean), they represented her ongoing struggle to regain control over several aspects of her personal property and child support for her only son, and as such they reveal a tremendous amount of information about the lives of upper-middle class Jewish women in Israel during the 2nd century of the common era.
A cluster of papyrus containing Bar Kokhba’s orders found in the Judean desert by modern Israeli archeologist Yigal Yadin.
Babatha was born at the beginning of the century in Maoza, at the southern tip of the Dead Sea. Her name was probably a diminutive form of Basya. The fact that she received a date orchard as an inheritance suggests she was an eldest child with no surviving brothers.
The documents chronicle a tragic life: her first husband passed away, leaving her dependent on two court-appointed guardians. Babatha challenged the arrangement, arguing that the guardians were not disbursing child support funds appropriately.
She married again, this time to Yehudah, a man likely 20 years her senior, who was already married to another woman named Miriam (it would be a millennium before the Ashkenazic Jewish community instituted a ban on polygamy). When her second husband died, she entered into a legal dispute with Miriam over a loan Babatha had extended to marry off Miriam’s daughter Shlomtzion. To reinforce her claim to the money, Babatha seized legal control of Miriam’s orchard in Ein Gedi.
The records indicate that Babatha was illiterate, but she certainly had no fear of using the courts to demand her due. Ironically, it seems that her dispute with Miriam did not prevent her from forming a close relationship with Shlomtzion, who may have been much closer to her in age: Shlomtzion’s ketubah is included in Babatha’s cache. It is likely that Shlomtzion fled into the cave with Babatha, and she probably met the same fate, as neither she nor Babatha would have left these valuable documents behind.
Jewish women were fully engaged in a wide variety of economic activities, and defended their rights under Jewish law with every legal tool available.
Most likely, both women were among the hundreds of bodies of Jews discovered in one of the chambers of the Cave of Letters, victims of the Roman persecution during the Bar Kochba rebellion.
Registration document for four date orchards owned by Babatha
Babatha’s legacy to the world was transmitted 2000 years later to her people with the awesome discovery of the Cave of Letters in 1960. Scholars continue to study Babatha’s life, seeking to understand the role of women in the 2nd century, but one message comes through with exceptional clarity: Jewish women were fully engaged in a wide variety of economic activities, and were ready and able to defend their rights under Jewish law with every legal tool available. Babatha’s example demonstrates how Jewish women claimed mastery over their own destinies. Babatha was a true descendant of the daughters of Tzelofchad, advocating for her inheritance rights. Like Tselofchad's daughters, her love of the land of Israel and presence with the Bar Kochba rebels suggests that she was willing to throw her lot in with those who fought Roman oppression.
Her archive preserves preserve a vivid picture of one woman’s life in ancient Israel, filled with tragedy and drama, yet hope for the future.


When is the last time you took in the sweet smell of books at your local library?
Libraries are community resources that are often forgotten about. While libraries are stocked with stacks of books and helpful librarians, they also have a host of other offerings that benefit your brain.
Books and newspapers: It might seem obvious that books and newspapers can be found at your local library, but did you know that these two types of reading materials can boost your cognitive health? In a study of people’s reading habits, readers of both newspapers and books had increased cognition.
Audiobooks: If you have vision problems or just don’t have time to read, listening to audiobooks can still stimulate your brain. You can use an audiobook to learn a new skill like public speaking. You can even grab a how-to audiobook to begin learning a new language. If you choose to listen to a novel, the storyline and vocabulary will stimulate your brain.
Community classes: Learning a new skill is associated with improved cognitive health. Many libraries offer classes — from cooking to adult coloring, first aid to puppet making, you can learn a new skill and meet new friends (also brain boosting!) at whatever class you choose.
Computers and technology: Using a new technology boosts your brain health. When you pick up an iPad and learn how to do something new with it, you can boost your memory and your cognitive processing speed. It’s also fun to use technology to stay in touch with friends and do daily activities like banking or grocery shopping.


This is chicago manual citation example the style used in this guide and is made up of two parts: Notes: Consecutively numbered markers in the text refer the reader to bibliographic citations in footnotes or. In-text citations. Example: Kossinets, Gueorgi, and Duncan J.
Each example of a reference list entry is accompanied by an example of a corresponding parenthetical citation in the text. Edited by John Hollander. chicago manual citation example It is based on the 17th edition of The Chicago Manual of Style. A completed paper in CMS chicago manual citation example There are two styles of referencing chicago outlined in the Chicago Manual of Style, 16th edition. Font requirements. Author's first name last name, description of primary chicago manual citation example source, Date, in Title of Secondary Source, ed. Paraphrasing can be tricky. Gooch, Laurie Pinkert, Allen Brizee.
A Chicago Manual of Style should be consulted for the complete list of formatting guidelines. Gueorgi Kossinets and Duncan J. Below are general MLA citation guidelines: Page header.
(Author last name year, page number). You would need to include a citation for this second statement. &0183;&32;This guide will show you how to cite your sources using the Chicago citation style. , is available from Western Libraries. Citation Style: Footnote Date: Friday, Decem Discipline: Humanities File Name: Chicago 16th Footnote. How to Reference a Book Using the Chicago Manual of Style. Use only the surname of the author(s) and the year of publication.
This entails using footnotes or endnotes to reference pieces of work in the research paper or essay. ” chicago In Selected Poems, 5-6. How you compile a list of reference sources at the end of your text (reference list). (Place of publication: Publisher, Year of publication), Page. chicago manual citation example Besides, you can get a Chicago manual of style citation example for free.
Chicago Manual of Style pp. For example, Author-Date pattern is mostly used in Physics, Natural and Sociology disciplines. Chicago also has an author-date style, where the citation occurs in parentheses in the body of the text. Contributors:Jessica Clements, Elizabeth Angeli, Karen Schiller, S.
Chicago style does not recommend including access dates in the citation, unless no date of publication for the source may be located. The Chicago Manual's footnote referencing system – called notes and bibliography style – is widely used in chicago manual citation example the chicago arts and humanities. The Turabian style is named after the founder, Kate L. The words "interviewed by" and then the name(s) of the interviewer(s) if the recording is of an interview The title of the video clip, placed in "quotation marks.
If the author is unknown or there is. Paraphrases should sound like you, using vocabulary and sentence structures that your reader would recognize as your work. If there is no known author, start the citation with the title of the article instead.
can be found online through Duke Libraries or in hardcopy at Div Sch Ref Z253. &0183;&32;Book with Multiple Editions (Chicago Manual of Style 14. &0183;&32;FOOTNOTE format and examples: 1. The official Chicago Manual of Style website, updated regularly, is the comprehensive guide to all things CMS: the organization, its journals, products and services. Here is how the Chicago Manual of Style suggests that you chicago manual citation example achieve this goal and produce an excellent example of Chicago style paper: Order now.
You need to make sure that you don't copy the original chicago author's style or wording. There are two main cite styles in the Chicago manual of style namely Author-date and notes and bibliography. Here, you will find basic CMS citation formats for books, print journals, online journals, and websites. Most commentaries (with the exception of the New Expositor’s Bible Commentary and the New Interpreter’s chicago manual citation example Bible Commentary) are cited as books in a series. Chicago style citation example paper allows for both in-text citations and chicago manual citation example footnotes. "Origins of Homophily in an Evolving Social Network.
Here we review how to cite some common electronic sources using the guidelines set out by the Chicago Manual of chicago manual citation example chicago manual citation example Style (17th ed. Accessed Febru. Notes and Bibliography. By contrast, an example of a fact that is not chicago manual citation example common knowledge would be: Some chickens lay blue and green eggs.
Chicago Manual of Style (full guide online). A chicago Citation Quick Guide is also available. We begin all papers from scratch to enhance a good thought flow in all papers. Text Citation: (Last-name Day Month. complete Chicago Manual of Style, 16th ed. The Chicago Manual of Style presents two basic documentation systems, the humanities style (notes and bibliography) and the author-date system. The goal here is to make your, for example, Chicago style research paper as clear and readable as it gets - this is the aim that a sample Chicago style paper pursues.
For more details and many more examples, see chapter 15 of The Chicago Manual of Style. &0183;&32;The official Chicago Manual of Style Online website includes a Chicago Style Q&A with frequently asked questions and answers, as well as a Chicago Style Citation Quick Guide with basic examples (for a fee, you can register to see the complete manual online). ens Publisher: University of Chicago Press chicago manual citation example chicago manual citation example URL: Based On: Bibliography Sort Order: Appearance-Order BibField1: Author BibField2: Title BibField3: Journal Indent: N. Chicago Manual Examples Search this Guide Search. The Chicago style, also called the Turabian style, of citation manual is an extremely flexible citation style. Select ‘Author/Date’ NOT ‘Notes and Bibliography. This style is used for history, arts, and humanities. &0183;&32;An example of common knowledge would be: Some chickens lay brown eggs.
&0183;&32;Chicago style is an "author-date" style, so the citation in the text consists of the author(s) name and year of publication given wholly or partly in round brackets. The Chicago Manual of Style (CMS) is used primarily in social sciences and humanities research. The Chicago / Turabian style of referencing sources is commonly used when referencing humanities papers and is best remembered for its demand that writers put bibliographic citations at chicago manual citation example the bottom of a page or at the end of an article. U69 In-Text Notes and Author-Date Citations.
As of September, AAA style (for chicago manual citation example all publications) follows the Chicago Manual of Style, 17th edition, particularly in regard to reference citations, which are summarized below. If you adhere to the citation guidelines set out in "The Chicago Manual of Style," you should cite your sources in footnotes and in a bibliography at the end of your paper. Even if you have a citation, such borrowing would be considered plagiarism. . For in-text citations, Chicago style, which comes from chicago the "Chicago Manual of Style" from the University of Chicago Press, is pretty simple: the author's last name, date of. They are “Notes-Bibliography” and “Author-Date.
The chicago manual citation example Chicago Manual of Style 16th chicago manual citation example ed. Chicago citation style is commonly referred to as the Chicago manual Manual Style (CMS). . chicago manual citation example However, it is most common to use the Chicago notes and bibliography system. example chicago manual citation example of psychology thesis &183; essay body sample &183; dissertation proposal example linguistics &183; presentation on communications &183; beloved toni morrison research paperCall to us Working hours from 9 h chicago manual citation example to 21 h. The author-date system is commonly used when chicago manual citation example dealing with chicago sciences and social sciences.
Citation Machine&174; helps students and professionals properly credit the information that they use. For example, you could write: "According chicago manual citation example to the iPad User Guide, Apple iPads have the capacity to replace a laptop for most basic uses. Here is what you do if Chicago style in text citation sample paper is the case: A citation consists of the author’s name, publication date, and page number. &0183;&32;Chicago is the oldest of the three major writing and citation styles in the United States, manual having begun chicago manual citation example with the 1906 publication of the first Chicago style guide. Supplementary material that is included on a DVD is cited as chicago manual citation example a chapter. However, at times manual you might opt to use in-text/parenthetical notes. What Is MLA Style Citation?
For arts, history, and humanities, see the Notes/Bibliography system. &0183;&32;Sample of an in-text citation for a poem in APA: According to Plath (), she writes that “You do not do, you do not do / Any more, black shoe / In which I have lived like chicago manual citation example a foot” (1-3). CMS is mostly used in referencing research papers. The Chicago Manual of Style Author-Date system is used by scholars in the social sciences and sciences. Citation Information Will Allen, Peter Connor, Heidi Scott, and Laurel Nesbitt. Editor's first chicago manual citation example name last chicago manual citation example name (Place of publication: Publisher, chicago manual citation example Year), inclusive pages. Chicago Manual Style guidelines implement.
In Chicago style, footnotes or endnotes are used to reference pieces of work chicago manual citation example in the text. Tips on Using Chicago Manual Style of Citation Understanding basic of Chicago manual of style. Cite sources in APA, MLA, Chicago, Turabian, and Harvard for free. Choosing between the two often depends on subject matter and nature of sources cited, as each system is favored by different groups of scholars.
Below is a list of some common citation types along with examples of how they are laid chicago manual citation example out. You may also use a footnote/endnote to clarify a passage that may confuse some readers. chicago manual citation example The Chicago style involves two tasks: How you reference sources through numbered footnote or endnote citation as opposed to in text citation. One citation style that is common on campuses and in publishing is the Chicago Manual of Style (CMS). The style can cause confusion because it encompasses manual three systems. Whereas a book or periodical typically provides the publication information in the opening pages, it may be more difficult to chicago locate information about online sources. ’ Examples: Each example shows an In-text Citation, followed by the corresponding Reference chicago manual citation example List entry.
Helen Truesdell Heath (Oxford: Clarendon Press,. Quick Guide on Citation Style for Chinese, Japanese and Korean Sources: Chicago Manual Examples. Paulina Jackson to John Pepys Junior, chicago manual citation example Octo, in The Letters of Samuel Pepys and His Family Circle, ed. &0183;&32;The Manual lists the elements of an online video citation: If known, the name of the principle subject of the recording, such as a presenter, interviewee, journalist, or director. Commentary Samples in Chicago Style Introduction This short guide shows how to cite all of the commentaries in our collection, and we included a sample from each commentary set.
” Various styles are also applicable for specific disciplines. Remember, BibMe has a Chicago citation generator, which helps chicago manual citation example develop your Chicago style citations for you! The most basic chicago manual citation example entry for a book consists of the author’s name, the title of the book, publisher city, publisher name, the year of publication, and the page range. The following example shows how to cite a work of fiction chicago in bibliography and journal article format according to the Chicago Manual of Style:.
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-- In The News --
Black History Month - Brig. Gen. Julia Jeter Cleckley
Parent Category: News
Published: 14 February 2017
NGAUS Washington Report
Brig. Gen. Julia Jeter Cleckley became the first black female general in the Army National Guard in September 2002. She joined the New York National Guard in 1976 after serving in the Women's Army Corps. She served as special assistant to the Army Guard director. She recounts her life story in the book "A Promise Fulfilled."


Our 'Professional Skills for Driving Trucks' book is a graphically illustrated, spiral bound, comprehensive guide to driving trucks on New Zealand roads.
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Full of no-nonsense information, this book is essentially a truck driver's "bible". An indispensable reference for those in the industry, it includes all the skills and knowledge you need to safely and efficiently drive trucks. All drivers, no matter how experienced, will get something from it.
The book is an excellent companion guide for people working towards a truck driving national qualification or Modern Apprenticeship. Ten chapters set out information relevant to at least 20 unit standards registered on the National Qualifications Framework.
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Our mission is to provide scientific, strategic, multi-sensory, structured literacy instruction based on the science of reading within a positive partnership learning experience to all learners as well as to those whose lives are impacted by reading difficulties or learning differences, including dyslexia.
Everyday across our community aspiring readers struggle to read and comprehend written material. Reading is a fundamental skill that helps people comprehend the world we live in and master subjects in all personal and academic pursuits. The ability to read allows us to open new worlds and explore new possibilities. However, the readers that we serve never get the opportunity to explore these possibilities and lack the confidence that the ability to read gives to an individual.
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Please use the Google Calendar below to see dates for Consortia meetings, Healthy Start, Inc. events and National Health Observances.
Region I North Side meets on the 3rd Monday of Every month Except in February at Young Men’s and Women’s African Heritage Association 1205 Boyle Street Pittsburgh, PA 15212 412 322-4008
Region II Center City meets on the 2nd Tuesday Every other month at Ebenezer Baptist Church 2001 Wylie Avenue Pgh. PA 15219 412 281-6583
Region III East End/ Wilkinsburg meet on the 2nd Tuesday Every other month at Healthy Start Office 400 N. Lexington Avenue Pgh, PA 15208.
Region IV South Side meets on the 3rdFriday Every other month at COTRAIC, 201 Rochelle Street Pgh, PA 15210 412-488-2750.
Region V West End meets on the 2nd Thursday Every other month at Sto-Rox Family Health Center 710 Thompson Avenue Pgh. PA 15136 412 771-6460 Ext 234
Region VI Braddock/Duquesne meets on the 3rd Thursday of Every month at Braddock Employment and Training Center 849 Braddock Avenue Braddock , PA 15104 and Duquesne Family Support Center at One Library Place Duquesne, PA 15110
"Celebration of Family"
Region 6 Braddock/Duquesne
April 18th,2013 – 11:00am- 2:30pm
Good Shepherd School
1025 Braddock Avenue
Braddock, PA 15104


Guy Lyon Playfair: His Life and Work
It is always satisfying to do a retrospective of a great psychical researcher’s life and work, and Guy Lyon Playfair’s contributions to the field were many and of lasting importance, but it is a satisfaction tempered by sadness and an awareness of loss. Although I corresponded with Playfair, I never met him and regret not having had the opportunity to do so. This reinforces in me the awareness that the magazine plays such a crucial role in documenting the Society for Psychical Research. Recently, when researching its history for my next book, I found that it was often the marginal things – the minutes of meetings, announcements of events and obituary notices – that gave an insight into the activities of the Society and the lives of its members, more than the theoretical speculations and statistical analyses. Should this be the case? We could do more to record the heartbeat of the Society while it is still beating, for it is this that will engage our members today and inspire our future members tomorrow. We must document or disappear.
Even as some things end, others begin anew and in this issue I am pleased to welcome Prof. Chris Roe as the incoming President of the Society for Psychical Research and thank Prof. John Poynton for his leadership at a time when the Society faces many challenges. Prof. Roe has assured me that he will continue the tradition of writing a President’s Letter for the magazine and I am sure that, like me, you are looking forward to reading his thoughts and suggestions for our discipline.
I am also delighted to welcome a new contributor to the magazine, Dr Richard Sugg, thoughtfully introduced to me by Robert Charman. Dr Sugg will begin his new column, ‘Paranormal Report’, with the first part of an article examining an ongoing poltergeist case. It is a fitting contribution to this issue given the key role of a poltergeist case in another researcher’s career.
Finally, I would like to draw your attention to the extension of the deadline for the Paranormal Review Photography Competition to 31 October, appropriately enough. Ψ
Dr Leo Ruickbie
Editor, Paranormal Review
Contents for Paranormal Review, 87 (Summer 2018)
Guy Lyon Playfair Issue
4 Permanent Paranormal Object
Dr Antje Bosselmann-Ruickbie takes us to Byzantium on the trail of permanent paranormal objects.
5 Psi Society
In the news: Prof. Chris Roe has been elected as the new President of the Society for Psychical Research.
6 Philosopher Presidents
Prof. John Poynton concludes his series with an examination of the work of SPR philosopher-president, H.H Price.
8 To Ride a Flying Cow
Alan Murdie discusses the life and work of the late Guy Lyon Playfair, beginning with the book that launched his career: The Flying Cow.
13 The Poltergeist Tapes
Dr Melvyn Willin describes the audio archive of Guy Lyon Playfair, including recordings from the Enfield poltergeist case.
15 Playfair’s Twins
Robert Charman explains the importance of Guy Lyon Playfair’s work on telepathy between twins.
17 Medium of the Century
Dr James Pandarakalam looks at how Guy Lyon Playfair introduced the English-speaking world to the Brazilian medium Chico Xavier, described as the ‘medium of the century’.
19 A Message from Uri Geller
Uri Geller offers some words on the passing of Guy Lyon Playfair.
20 Paranormal Report
Dr Richard Sugg documents an ongoing poltergeist case in the first of two parts.
22 SPR Lecture Report
Ashley Knibb reports on Dr Alejandro Parra’s recent lecture for the SPR on ‘Paranormal Events in a Hospital Setting’.
24 Ghosts in the Machines
Resident expert Brandon Hodge reveals the Trinity Table.
26 Photography Competition
The deadline for the Para-normal Review Photography Competition has been extended.
Is the SPR’s International Annual Conference in your calendar?


Top Ten Best Irish Mysteries
The Strand Magazine, 16 Mat 2016
Unlike the crime or detective novels that originated in Britain, Ireland’s mystery writing developed differently, reflecting that country’s economic, political, and social development. Early 20th-century Ireland was mainly an agrarian society. Apart from the Anglo-Irish ascendancy, most people were unlikely to enjoy the privilege of sitting by the fireside of an evening to read. There was, however, a strong tradition of oral storytelling, including tales of the bogeyman, the banshee, and changeling children. Two such real-life Irish mysteries have their roots in this agrarian tradition.
The Colleen Bawn tells the story of Ellen Hanley. Born in 1803 in County Limerick, by age fifteen, she was known as the Colleen Bawn, meaning pretty girl. John Scanlan, a landowner, persuaded her to marry him. It’s unclear whether the marriage was real or bogus. It happened unbeknownst to Scanlan’s mother who’d negotiated a match that would bring a dowry. Six weeks later, Scanlan arranged for his manservant, Stephen Sullivan, to kill Ellen. Scanlan was arrested and brought to trial. Because of his social standing, the trial created a sensation. It was assumed he would be acquitted as it was felt that one of the ascendancy shouldn’t suffer for a crime against a commoner. However, Scanlan was found guilty and hanged. Stephen Sullivan went into hiding but when found months later, he was also hanged.
Another woman from this rural tradition inspired fear and respect. Her life is chronicled in Biddy Early: The Wise Woman of Clare by Meda Ryan. Biddy was a mystic, born in 1798. She had a magic glass bottle that she used to foretell death and disaster. An attempt was made to try her for witchcraft but at the last minute, all the witnesses refused to testify. Working as a servant on the estate of landlord Sheehy, she joined tenants petitioning him to stop raising rents. She was evicted. That night, three other evicted tenants murdered Sheehy. It was said that Biddy foretold Sheehy of his impending doom as he threw her out of her cottage. She had four husbands and outlived them all. Her last husband was in his thirties, four decades younger than Biddy.
Detective fiction was late arriving on the Irish scene. Such fiction requires a police force, and the apparatus of the Irish State was in its infancy in the 1920s and ’30s. Crime novels had little resonance at a time of upheaval and guerilla warfare. However, the stable of Irish authors writing in the genre today is testament to a burgeoning crime and thriller scene.
One such writer is Benjamin Black, writing about lonely detective Quirke in the Ireland of the 1950s. Christine Falls provides an interesting social history of the time. Set against the backdrop of a clandestine baby trade, it’s an atmospheric read that brings to life the suffocating grip of church and establishment in that period.
Louise Phillips writes about contemporary middle-class Dublin in The Doll’s House. Here we encounter a detective and a criminal psychologist in the form of D.I. O’Connor and Dr. Kate Pearson, respectively. They investigate the discovery of two bodies in a Dublin canal. The investigation is interwoven with the story of Clodagh Hamilton’s traumatic childhood. It’s a fast paced novel with a steady ratcheting of suspense and an unexpected, satisfying ending.
The police also play a part in Declan Burke’s darkly comic Eight Ball Boogie. The focus in this Chandleresque read is on the freelance journalist Harry Rigby. The wife of a politician has been murdered and Harry has to find out why—“at 12 cents per word for the right facts in the right order.” Murky, hard-boiled, and the big easy all come to an unnamed town in the west of Ireland. Despite the chauvinistic views of this antihero, the reader feels empathy for the wise-cracking cynic. Sarcasm abounds with observations like “She was petite, five foot two at most, the kind of late twenties that takes years of practice.”
John Connolly, Irish author of the Charlie Parker series, writes thrilling tales with this former policeman at their heart. In The Wolf in Winter, Charlie Parker investigates the disappearance of the daughter of a homeless man who hanged himself. He is drawn to Prospect, a seemingly picture-perfect small town in Maine. But its efforts to protect itself and its heritage are far from anything approximating normal. A page-turning creepy read, it put me in mind of the equally disturbing Wicker Man.
Irish mystery writers have embraced the psychological thriller, often stamping out their own particular brand. Liz Nugent is one such writer who, in Unravelling Oliver, creates a whydunnit rather than a whodunnit. Set in Dublin, it opens with a husband attacking his wife. He is a children’s author, generally regarded as charming. Page by gripping page, the reader discovers otherwise. It’s not until the bitter end that the horror of the husband’s actions becomes clear.
In The Missing, Jane Casey cleverly intertwines two timelines while uncovering the mystery of two separate disappearances, both from the viewpoint of the same character, a teacher called Sarah. In the first instance, Sarah is a child and her elder brother disappears; in the second, another child disappears in the school where Sarah teaches. An engrossing read, it’s notable for its insight into the world of a child when tragedy strikes.
The fall of the Celtic tiger lends itself well to psychological thrillers such as Tana French’s Broken Harbor. The reader feels an intense sense of claustrophobia as much of the mystery centers on a half-finished house in a derelict housing scheme abandoned due to economic collapse. The Spain family has been attacked in their home, the children dead, their parents stabbed, the mother fighting for her life. A disturbing read, it’s ultimately a riveting tale of obsession and mental illness.
Sinéad Crowley adroitly explores the dangers of social media in her psychological thriller Can Anybody Help Me? Struggling with a new baby, Yvonne turns to an online forum for support. When one of her new friends goes offline, Yvonne knows something is wrong. When the body of a woman similar to Yvonne’s friend is found, the young mother realizes that they’re all in danger. Can she persuade Sergeant Claire Boyle, also about to go on maternity leave, to take her fears seriously?


The Role of Dogs in Buffon’s Histoire Naturelle
The Science and Art of Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon
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In setting out to explain everything that was known about the natural world in his 44-volume Histoire Naturelle, Georges-Louis Leclerc, comte de Buffon (1707–1788) reserved a special place for the dog. In fact, he may have been the first naturalist to raise the question of the role of dogs in human evolution: “To conceive the importance of this species in the order of Nature, let us suppose that it never existed. Without the assistance of the dog, how could man have conquered [and] tamed…the other animals. … The training of the dog seems to have been the first art invented by man; and the result of this art was the conquest and peaceable possession of the earth.”
Buffon’s Natural History
Born in 1707 in Montbard, Burgundy, the son of landed gentry, Buffon was interested in many disciplines; he studied law and mathematics, and was also fascinated with the biological sciences. The first few volumes of Buffon’s groundbreaking work were published in 1749, in the middle of the French Enlightenment, a period considered to “have given birth to the modern world.” Yet it was also a time steeped in church doctrine that provided only dogmatic biblical answers to most questions about biological diversity.
His Histoire Naturelle was an ambitious and tremendously popular project; it was the most widely collected work of its time and reached more readers than even the classics of Voltaire and Rousseau. Replete with Buffon’s insightful theories on everything from the formation of Earth and the planets to crustaceans and rhinoceros, it contained beautifully executed and detailed illustrations (including those of dogs, as shown here). Arguing for a more dynamic and inclusive natural history, Buffon resisted the detailed taxonomic classifications of Linnaeus.
In his foreword to Jacques Roger’s biography, Buffon (1997), L. Pearce Williams writes that “it is no exaggeration to suggest that Buffon’s ideas stimulated much of the scientific work in natural history that culminated in the Darwinian synthesis. Even when he was wrong, as he often was, he was precise enough in his errors to permit others to see beyond his vision.”
The Project’s Detailing of Dogs
In considering the dog, Buffon was fascinated by the many different types of canines. He recognized 30 “fixed varieties,” but acknowledged that there could be even more. He also described 17 “races”—as he called the differences within species—that he attributed to geographic influences such as climate. Into one of these groups he put the “shepherd dog, the Pomeranian, the Siberian, the Lapland and Iceland”—dogs that have “an instinct which induces them to follow and protect flocks”; into another group were “the grey-hound [sic], the large Danish dog and the Irish grey-hound.” Dogs in this latter grouping “are fond of running, and of following horses and carriages … they hunt rather by eye than the nose.”
The next grouping belonged to the “true hunting dogs,” the “hounds, harriers, spaniels, terriers and water-dogs.” Lastly, he grouped the “small Danish dog and the Turkish dog” together, and placed the British “bull-dog” in its own “group,” noting that it was difficult to “preserve” that particular breed in France—he remarked that these dogs “often send forth a disagreeable smell.” In his construction of a canine genealogical tree, he placed the “shepherd dog” at its root. He tried to mate a dog with a wolf, and a dog with a fox, but because his limited experiments were unsuccessful, he concluded that they all were distinct species and that the “dog derives not his origins from the wolf or fox.”
It was with his theory of “degeneration” of species due to climate, and most especially to the climate of the New World, that he had the most long-standing influence outside of the scientific field. In fact, modern pundits have ascribed the fractious Franco-American political relationship to Buffon’s “barkless American dog” theory. Although it was Dutch philosopher Cornelius de Pauw who first claimed that “dogs cease to bark” when brought to America, Buffon picked up on this observation and used it to partially explain the differences in Old and New World species. He thought that the latter were of the “degenerative” variety—weaker, smaller and generally more puny—hence, dogs unable to bark.
Great American thinkers, including Hamilton, Jefferson and Franklin, took umbrage at this, believing that it was meant to extend beyond “natural history” to politics—that this “American degeneracy” was also being applied to their newly formed style of government. In number 11 of the Federalist Papers, Hamilton wrote, “Men admired as profound philosophers have, in direct terms, attributed to her inhabitants a physical superiority, and have gravely asserted that all animals, and with them the human species, degenerate in America—that even dogs cease to bark after having breathed awhile in our atmosphere.”
Jefferson wrote his book Notes on the State of Virginia (1781) to refute Buffon’s theory, and included a “careful analysis of the relative sizes of American and European animals.” Buffon recanted this theory before his death, but old myths die hard. The “barklessness” of our dogs survived well into the last century, when the poet Paul Claudel, serving as the French ambassador to the United States in the 1930s, repeated this fiction.
Though most of Buffon’s theories explaining natural phenomena were, by and large, incorrect, one of the most important contributions he made—as was noted by biographer Jacques Roger—was to “transformed the way of understanding nature.” Buffon’s courageous and innovative approach paved the way for Darwin and other revolutionary thinkers responsible for much of what we know today about the natural world.
Historie Naturelle Illustrations
Jacques Eustache de Sève (1742–1788) was the principal artist commissioned by Georges Buffon for his Historie Naturelle. His lovely and lifelike illustrations were complete scenes that included classical landscape backgrounds, which influenced later natural history illustrators. One writer comments, “The illustrations to Buffon’s original edition are exquisitely engraved and exude aristocratic elegance and charm. Whether the animal depicted is a lion or a pig, it is shown as if in a tableau revealed to our curious gaze by the drawing aside of a curtain. The animals do not seem like wild beasts roaming free in their native woods, deserts and mountains, but like actors performing among stage props and painted scenery for the benefit of the lords of creation.”
These illustrations were engraved on copper plates and printed on paper made of cotton or linen rag, which contributes to their long-lasting qualities. The original engravings were produced in black ink, and hand-painted with watercolors centuries later.
Libras are the undisputed favorite humans at the dog park.
“My animal-like characters are stand-ins for all of the different ethnicities who came to this country looking for a better life.”
The artist behind these amazing pet portraits talks special-needs animals and unconventional commissions. P.S. There’s a discount code!
“I just simply like the idea of cats and their specific things. Throwing in a cat is something that comes naturally now when I make an illustration.”
Claudia Kawczynska was co-founder and editor-in-chief of The Bark for 20 years. She also edited the best-selling anthology Dog Is My Co-Pilot.


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This section describes works presenting Cape Breton’s history that I have found useful enough to cite; they are listed alphabetically. If you are aware of other historical works not listed here that you think should be, please so notify me using the address in the footer.
History of Inverness County Nova Scotia
History of Inverness County Nova Scotia by J[ohn] L[orne] MacDougall, Sandy Group, [no place of publication], 1999 reprinting of a work originally published in 1922, hardback, 690 pages. Lacks either a table of contents or an index. ISBN 0-919302-54-8.
This book describes the history of Inverness County in eleven chapters entitled:
- The Pioneer Settlers: Their Races, What They Had to Do
- Some Outlines of Cape Breton History
- General Sketch of Inverness County, Its Prominent Features, And Some of Its Distinguished Sons and Citizens
- Farming in Inverness
- Religion in Inverness County
- Some Old Schools, and Old Teachers
- Geological Notes
- Our Roads and Bridges
- Our Fisheries
- Public Courts, Public Officials, Public Men, and Politics
- District Sketches
An appendix includes material that J. L. MacDougall received too late to incorporate into the District Sketches chapter, but which he deemed worthy of inclusion.
This book is an invaluable resource, but it is incredibly frustrating to use and to consult; the author’s stilted Victorian-era language further makes it very hard to read in a sustained sitting. The initial chapters contain lots of useful descriptive information on the state of Inverness County in the 19th and early 20th centuries, though it’s really difficult for one so far removed from the time and the location as I am to judge how reliable a witness Mr. MacDougall is to the people and events he chronicles. Facts abound, but so do opinions. The district sketches in particular are nearly unreadable: most contain information about the families who settled in a given area, obviously furnished for the most part by those families themselves, enumerating their children and kin, with other data of great interest to a genealogist, but of little use to one trying to obtain an understanding of the history of the district and the flavour of life in it; moreover, the sketches are written in a style which is not far removed from chapter ten of Genesis and rapidly puts one to sleep. Interspersed with all of the genealogy, one occasionally finds documents cited in toto (e.g., a petition to the provincial legislature requesting the naming of a magistrate for the settlements of Cape Mabou and Broad Cove (p. 597)) and here and there, one gleans other nuggets of very useful and sometimes illuminating information as one skims through the sketches; yet, given a lack of a photographic memory, finding them again is nearly impossible without an index, which this work sorely needs. The order in which the various sketches appear is nowhere given; they are all jumbled together in one humongous chapter (pp. 115-631 with addenda in an appendix from pp. 635-690). That place names are sometimes significantly different from those in current use (e.g., Poplar Grove is a place name I’ve encountered only in this work) is a further problem; there is no map to help. And so it goes… Yet, with all these problems, it does have one stellar merit: there is no other work of which I am aware that, in spite of all its warts, gives as good a picture of the early days of Inverness County as this one does.
The book was priced at $59.95 when I bought it some time after 2005 at the Bear Paw in Inverness village. I understand that it is not now readily available and have not seen it recently in Cape Breton bookstores, though people who want a copy of it can, with persistance, probably find one. [As of 2016 February 14, Amazon has multiple copies of a paperback edition in stock for $24.99, two hardcover copies for $38.67, and a MOBI-formatted copy for $0.99; at other times, it has been listed as “currently unavailable”.]
What appears to be an on-line version of this work can be found here, which turned up while I was doing a Google search for a photo essay topic. I do not know how complete this on-line version is, as I have little experience as yet using it, though the pieces I have examined do seem to be replicated from the original text. There are doubly underlined links in the text which result in (sometimes inane) ads showing up when one places the cursor over them and the web page surrounding the text is also chock-a-block with ads. Still, this version is both searchable and free, so it may well be worth putting up with the ads.
This work is also searchable through Google Books, though the search only turns up small snippets of four to five lines each and, when there are several matching snippets, only the first few are shown with no obvious way of examining the others, so this facility is pretty limited.
If you are interested in searching and have a Kindle, perhaps your best bet is the MOBI-formatted version from Amazon. I have not examined it, but I presume it is a full copy of the original. If nothing else, the price is right!
Memoirs of a Lightkeeper’s Son: Life on St. Paul Island
Memoirs of a Lightkeeper’s Son: Life on St. Paul Island by Billie Budge, Nimbus Publishing Ltd, Halifax, 2010, paperback, 186 pages. Includes black and white photos, and a detailed map of St Paul Island. ISBN: 978-1-55109-769-5.
Once I began reading, I was unable to put down this fine and vivid work that describes, from the point of view of a young lad, life on St Paul Island during the years from 1955 to 1960 when the author lived at the Southwest Light with his father, the lightkeeper, his mother, and his sister. Although a memoir and not a history per se, it nevertheless preserves a detailed picture of life at a time when lighthouses were manned year round and many were cut off for months on end by weather and ice. Recounting the hardships embraced and overcome with ingenuity, resilience, and steadfastness, it paints a memorable portrait of life in Cape Breton’s northern wilderness half a century ago.
This book is divided into seventeen chapters entitled:
- The Letter
- An Island to Shun
- All Aboard—Well, Half Anyway
- A Different World
- Tragedy on the Northeast
- The First Winter
- End of an Era
- Living on the Edge
- Summer on St. Paul
- The Duck Hunter Blues
- Water, Cockroaches, and Geologists
- A Winter of Sickness
- Ice, Seals, and More Ice
- Entertainment and Recreation
- Strangers in the Night
- Final Thoughts and a Reluctant Farewell
I got a signed copy of this book for $25.00 at the gift shop in the museum in Dingwall after a memorable afternoon there that included a visit to the since-relocated Southwest Lighthouse that plays such a central rôle in this book. It is likely available elsewhere in Cape Breton Island and can be ordered from Amazon here.
Patterson’s History of Victoria County Cape Breton Nova Scotia
Patterson’s History of Victoria County Cape Breton Nova Scotia with related papers compiled and edited by W. James MacDonald by George Geddie Patterson, edited by W. James MacDonald, College of Cape Breton Press, Sydney, Cape Breton, 1976 reprinting (with additions) of a work originally published in 1885, hardback, 223 pages. Includes black and white photos, several maps, and a nine-page index. ISBN: 0-920336-02-7.
Patterson’s history was written in 1885; this edition preserves the whole of the original work, but updates and corrects it through the addition of a section of appendices and footnotes (actually endnotes).
This book describes the history of Victoria County in nineteen chapters entitled:
- Topographical Description
- Prehistoric — Our Aborigines
- Early Visitors — Portuguese, French
- St. Anne’s Fortified — Capt. Daniel
- Nicholas Denys — St . Anne’s — Map
- Louisbourg or St. Anne’s — Which?
- M. de Boularderie — Captures of Louisbourg
- Some Statistics — Various French Remains
- Wreck of “St. Lawrence” — Moose
- First Settlers — Capt. Jones — Bentinck — First Arrivals at St. Anne’s
- Baddeck Again — Grantees and Grants
- Immigration — Grand Narrows
- First Settlers at Aspy Bay and other places to the North
- Baddeck — Middle River — Little Narrows
- Boularderie — St. Anne’s — North River — North Shore
- Difficulties of Early Settlers — Famine — Educational and Religious Conditions
- The Colonial Society — Mrs. McKay — Lives of Early Ministers — Rev. Norman McLeod
- St. Paul’s Island — Shipwrecks
- Division of the County — Conclusion
The appendices, added by W. James MacDonald, are titled:
- Sieur de la Roque, Census, 1752
- Inhabitants of Baddeck, 1818
- Ship Building Industry of St. Anne’s, 1845-60
- Report on Victoria County, 1861-1862
- Arrival of Migrants from St. Anne’s to New Zealand, 1851-1860
- Victoria County Censuses, 1870-71, 1880-81
- Place Names and Places of Victoria County
- Maps of Victoria County
This book is both readable and interesting, covering many aspects of the history of 19th century Cape Breton and describes earlier times as well. Patterson’s attitudes and prejudices are those of his era. MacDonald’s corrections to the unintentional misinformation supplied by Patterson are most helpful, as is the very useful index.
I got this book from Amazon for $27.95, who used their contractee Russell Books, 734 Fort Street, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 1H02. It was a used book, but arrived in fine condition. As of 2016 February 14, Amazon lists a used copy of the book at $57.99. I do not know whether it is available elsewhere; I have never seen it on Cape Breton Island.
Rise Again! The Story of Cape Breton Island, Book One
Rise Again! The Story of Cape Breton Island, Book One by Robert J. Morgan, Breton Books, [no place of publication], 2008, paperback, 225 pages. Includes eight (unnumbered) pages of black-and-white photos, twelve pages of footnotes, ten pages of bibliography, and a ten-page index. ISBN 10: 1-895415-81-0; ISBN 13: 978-1-895415-81-0.
This book is the first of a two-volume set whose goal is to describe the history of Cape Breton Island from its geological roots through the end of the twentieth century. Book One describes everything but the twentieth century; it is organized as an introduction entitled “The Geology of Opportunity” followed by nine chapters entitled:
- In the Land of the Mi’kmaq: Early European Settlement on Cape Breton Island
- Isle Royale, The First Boom, 1713-1758
- “A Little Republick of Our Own”: Cape Breton County and Colony 1760-1820
- The Hebridean Connection and the Roots of Discontent
- The Forced Marriage with Nova Scotia, 1820-1851
- “The Epidimical Fury of Emmigration”: Settlement in the 19th Century
- “Poverty, wretchedness, and misery”: The Great Famine Reshapes Cape Breton
- The 19th Century Economy
- The Cape Bretonian Emerges: The 19th Century Roots of Cape Breton Culture
According to the book’s back cover, “Robert Morgan has devoted his life to Cape Breton. As Senior Historian at the Fortress of Louisbourg National Historic Park, Director of the Beaton Institute archives, and Professor of History at Cape Breton University, Dr. Morgan fought to preserve local heritage properties and to keep the island’s story alive.”
This book does not read like a history book, though the sources for its information are documented meticulously and extensively in the notes collected at the end of the book. Rather, it reads much like an exciting novel that is very hard to put down: his character sketches are sharply drawn and his feeling for the often hard times its protagonists lived through is conveyed very well. I found especially enlightening his lucid explanation of the arcane issues of British constitutional law that continue to motivate those Cape Breton “separatists” who agitate for a province of their own, originally a colonial grievance but one which has continued down to the present day.
This book was priced at $21.95 when I bought it during the Celtic Colours festival in 2008 at The Herring Choker in Nyanza, the first time I had seen it offered for sale. It should now be available in book stores all across Cape Breton Island. It can also be ordered on-line from the publisher’s web site.
Rise Again! The Story of Cape Breton Island, Book Two, from 1900 to Today
Rise Again! The Story of Cape Breton Island, Book Two by Robert J. Morgan, Breton Books, [no place of publication], 2009, paperback, 280 pages. Includes eight (unnumbered) pages of black-and-white photos, sixteen pages of footnotes, eleven pages of bibliography, and an eleven-page index. ISBN 10: 1-895415-85-3; ISBN 13: 978-1-895415-85-8.
This book is the second of a two-volume set whose goal is to describe the history of Cape Breton Island from its geological roots through the end of the twentieth century. Book Two describes the twentieth century; it is organized as an introduction entitled “Cape Breton on the Verge of the 20th Century” followed by nine chapters entitled:
- Cape Breton’s Second Boom: The Industrialization of Cape Breton, 1867-1914
- Cape Breton and World War One
- Standing the Gaff
- Co-operation and Technology Between the Wars
- Cape Breton in World War Two
- Years of Industrial Uncertainty
- Toward the New Economy
- The Emerging Cape Bretoner
- Rise Again!
Like Book One, Book Two is an exciting read; while it can be taken and digested in small chunks, I suspect you will have a hard time putting it aside. Its view is comprehensive: from the economy, which is central to the story; to the ways of life, beliefs, cultures, and politics, which governed and motivated the various communities; to the individuals, peoples, and external forces which shaped contemporary Cape Breton Island. This is definitely not just an urban history—its reach extends to the very different lives of the inhabitants in the isolated North, those in the Scottish west, and those in the French communities of Arichat and Chéticamp, as well as those who supplied and directed the labour of the mines and steel mills of the northeast. Insights and hard-to-come-by tidbits of information are found on every page, adding colour to an extremely well-told narrative.
Released in early 2009, my copy arrived as a gift of friends who knew how much I had enjoyed the first volume. This book is priced at $23.95 on the the publisher’s web site, from which it can be ordered on-line. It is now available in book stores all across Cape Breton Island.
These Were My People: Washabuck—An Anecdotal History
These Were My People: Washabuck—An Anecdotal History by Vincent W. MacLean, Cape Breton University Press, Sydney, Cape Breton, 2014, paperback, 390 pages. Includes local maps on the inside front and back covers, twenty-two pages of front matter, copious black-and-white photos throughout the work, ten appendices, twenty-seven pages of footnotes, five pages of select bibliography, and a nine-page index. ISBN 10: 1-927492-90-4 ISBN 13: 978-1-927492-90-1. Also available in EPUB® (978-1-927492-92-5) and MOBI (978-1-927492-93-2) formats.
This fine and very interesting book relates the story of the communities at the northern end of the Washabuck Peninsula and of the people who settled them and flourished there, written by one of their descendents who lives there still; he had access to all of his many relatives and fellow residents in this area and beyond, incorporating much generally inaccessible information into his account. Following Notes from the Editors, Acknowledgements, a foreward by A. J. B. Johnston, and an introduction, the following chapters appear:
- Early Residents, Visitors and Neighbours
- The Gaels
- Surveyors, Land Grants and Early Land Owners
- Stores, Merchants and Shipping
- Post Offices and Courier Services
- Vessel Construction
- Alphas and Omegas
- Fires & Firefighter Services
- Forestry, Farming and Fishing
- Melodic Memories
- Community Organizations
- Military Salute
The author is the son of the noted late Cape Breton musician, Michael Anthony MacLean, and is married to the sister of Jean MacNeil, mother of the Barra MacNeils. Full of information only one so closely connected to the communities could access, this work of many years assembles oral traditions and his own deep research using all of the available written sources he could unearth into a fine picture of this area and its culture. Reading it is very much like listening to a deeply knowledgeable and gifted story teller recount the tales of those who have gone before, often with humour and always with love and respect.
My copy is the very kind gift of the author, whom I serendipitously met for the first time when I sat next to him and his wife at a Celtic Colours concert in the Strathspey Place on 2014 October 14; at their invitation, I was privileged on two occasions in 2015 to participate in deeply interesting conversations with them at their home. This book is priced at $19.95 and can be obtained from the CBU Press web site. It should be available in bookstores throughout Cape Breton Island, though I had not encountered it in 2015 prior to the time I was given my copy and did not look for it thereafter.


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University Library and Learning Space Masterplans
James Cook University
- JCU Townsville Verandah Walk (2017)
- JCU Townsville Pedagogical Plan (2012)
- JCU Singapore Master Plan Study (2012)
University of South Australia
- UniSA Teaching Infrastructure Masterplan (2016)
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Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane
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University of Queensland
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King’s College, University of Queensland
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University of Tasmania
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University of Sydney
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Central Queensland University, Rockhampton
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Bond University, Gold Coast
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Monash University, Melbourne
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Deakin University, Victoria
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McGill University, Montreal
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Pimlico Tafe, Townsville
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Australian National University, Canberra
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- Adderton: House of Mercy Rejuvenation masterplan and refurbishment (2017)
- Beenleigh Town Square Redevelopment (2016), Logan City Council
- Stanthorpe Regional Council Library and Art Gallery masterplan and refurbishment (2005, 2016)
- Old Redcliffe Fire Station Redevelopment, now Community Arts Precinct masterplan and refurbishment (2014), Moreton Bay Regional Council
- Caboolture Town Square Redevelopment (2013), Moreton Bay Regional Council


Why did the Hedgehog Cross the Road?
Wednesday 8 June 2022, 7.30pm
Doors open 7pm
Unicorn Theatre, Abbey Buildings, Abingdon
About this speaker
Hugh Warwick started studying hedgehogs over 30 years ago, has just finished his third book on them and is the spokesperson for the British Hedgehog Preservation Society. Hugh has campaigned tirelessly for hedgehog highways, and his latest campaign - a petition that has so far received over 625,000 signatures - recently caused one of the UK's largest house developers in the country to go the full hog!
"The first of three books (so far!) about hedgehogs was, A Prickly Affair, and this remains unique for having accolades from both Jeanette Winterson and Ann Widdecombe on the cover. The second hedgehog book was called ... Hedgehog, published in April 2014 by Reaktion Books. It is a monograph on the iconography of the hedgehog - niche, yes, but also full of fun and beautiful illustrations. Most recently, September 2020, The Hedgehog Book - published by Graffeg. This looks at the hedgehog from both the scientific and the less scientific points of view - illustrated with oodles of gorgeous photographs.
The Beauty in the Beast was published in May 2012 and was more fun than is reasonable as I travelled the country looking for people a bit like me. And in May 2017 Linescapes was launched into the world - Remapping and Reconnecting Britain's Fragmented Wildlife."


Remembering Olly & Mimmi
I had just walked through Auschwitz- Birkenau and seen things that I could never have imagined in my worst nightmares.
I was 19 years old and visiting Poland on a Heritage trip- to witness the destruction of Jewish life in Europe under the hands of the Nazis, and to learn about the rich history of Jewish culture and life before the war.
I was sitting on the floor of a room that was filled to the ceiling with Nazi collected photographs of people who had been murdered within the boundaries of the camp. I stared up all of the faces- none I had ever seen before. Many, whose resemblance seemed familiar to me. My people had been murdered here.
At the moment I was sitting on the floor, overwhelmed with sorrow, my teacher handed me a letter that she had secretly collected from my grandmother. It was written for this exact moment– to share with me my connection to this horrible place. My Oma, a Shoah survivor, wrote to me about the 70 members of our family who had been murdered in Auschwitz.
I would like to tell you about two incredible women from my family who were killed.
My great grandmother Sophie, for whom I was named, had three sisters. Lydia, Hedwig Golda (nicknamed Mimmi), and Reizel (nicknamed Olly). They were all born in Prague, Czechoslovakia.
They were born to an Orthodox family and the girls were sent to school and to college with the expectation that they would be professional, working women, in the early 1900s. It was very unusual. Sophie was a community worker, working for women’s social services, Lydia and Olly became medical doctors, and Mimmi became a doctor of Law.
My great-great aunts, Olly, born in 1899, and Mimmi, born in 1907, never married.
Sophie was living in Germany and Lydia in Slovakia, but Olly and Mimmi were living in Prague when the Nazis invaded and were caring for their elderly father, as their mother Esther had recently died. Before their mother’s death, Olly was forced to close her medical practice that they had in their home, and Mimmi was dismissed from her place of work. They all moved into a tiny apartment together. Olly continued to practice and visit people’s homes, offering free medical service for those who could not afford to pay. When Jews were not allowed to go to the local hospitals for treatment, Olly was recruited as one of the doctors for a Jewish hospital that the Jews built. Mimmi was appointed to be the hospital administrator.
With time, they were concerned that the Nazis would transport them to Poland, and the last letters that came to their sister Lydia, were panicked and written in code, “I am afraid of Auntie Poldi.” They thought they would be rounded up and deported, but instead, they were transported to Theresienstadt in November 1941.
Mimmi and Olly were never heard from again. They were sent to Auschwitz in 1942 and immediately gassed upon arrival. Their lives were ended in an instant.
Today I am thinking about them and the legacy they left us and remembering the 6 million Jews that were murdered alongside my family in the Shoah.
May their memory be for a blessing. Zachor.
**Thank you to my mom Jeanne and my cousin Zehavit for sharing this story and photos with me.
Shira Lankin Sheps grew up in New Jersey and went to Stern College for women. After graduating from Hunter College School of Social Work with her MSW in clinical social work, she worked in the clinical field, in marketing and photojournalism.
She decided to start The Layers Project to help break down stigma and promote healing within our Jewish community.
She feels strongly about presenting women, who are so often shown as shallow characters or fully removed from Jewish media spaces, as three-dimensional individuals whose lives are full and rich with resilience.
Shira made aliyah with her family two years ago to Jerusalem.
Headshot taken by Tzipora Lifchitz.


Want to join the Wayne State Team Walk?
Here are the details!
Date: Wednesday, June 8th
Time: 12:00 PM
Location: Wayne State campus
Meeting spot: Outside of Old Main (Cass Ave)
The walk will end outside of Reuther Library (between Reuther and the Art Building) for snacks and socializing.
Anyone can donate, whether you attend the walk or not (and everyone is welcome to attend the walk, whether you donate or not)!
Help raise awareness and support by sharing this page on your social media.
Join us in supporting real change. LGBTQ+ young people are disproportionately affected by homelessness, overly represented in the child welfare system, and facing devasting barriers to affirming health care.
For more than twenty years, Ruth Ellis Center has lead the effort to change that. STRIDE for PRIDE: The Ruth Ellis Legacy Walk is about bringing visibility and resources to their efforts.
Help us create opportunities with LGBTQ+ young people to build their vision for a positive future.
Just a small donation will go a long way to helping us meet our goal for STRIDE for PRIDE!


In today’s era of educational competition, finding and getting into the best nursing school can feel next to impossible. This ebook will help you navigate through the process of what it truly takes to be a nurse, what opportunities are currently available in nursing, and guidelines on how to pick the best nursing school for you, including what questions to ask and how to notice red flags before signing up.
It will also discuss what to expect in nursing school once you’re accepted. There are also bonus chapters included that contain tips and tricks on how to make yourself more marketable as a new graduate nurse, as well as how to land your first job!
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This is a great book for anyone that has worked in any aspect of or is considering a career in healthcare! This book is filled with heartfelt affirmations, funny-but-true statements and thought provoking ideas that will allow you to gain or renew your own perspectives of working in healthcare. The hope is that all readers will find joy and validation for your purposeful career path!
What people are saying:
“This book is incredible! Once I started reading, I did not want to stop. This author’s life experiences have clearly given him these inspiring, helpful, heartfelt, practical, and funny insights to keep you grounded, focused on what’s important in life, and even to be reminded of when to let things go. I’m not even in the healthcare profession and yet his quotes are relevant for everyone! I never had a book to leave on my coffee table because I wanted to read it again and knew others would enjoy it as well” -Barnes & Noble Review 9/22/14
“This book hits every emotion…a fun, easy read!” -E. Mejia 10/15/14
“I bought this for my nursing unit’s breakroom; everyone loves it!” – B. Matthews 1/10/15
Holiday Gifts & Savings!
With the purchase of “Nursing School 101” (ebook) & “101 Things Every Person in Healthcare Should Know” (paperback) you will get a FREE 30 min. Skype session with Dr. James Morgan to discuss any health or educational topic of your choosing!
NOW ONLY $49.99


Acquaint now thyself with Him, and be at peace: thereby good shall come unto thee" (Job 22:21). "Thus saith the Lord, Let not the wise man glory in his wisdom, neither let the mighty glory in his might, let not the rich glory in his riches: But let him that glorieth glory in this, that he understandeth, and knoweth Me, that I am the Lord" (Jer 9:23,24). A spiritual and saving knowledge of God is the greatest need of every human creature.
The foundation of all true knowledge of God must be a clear mental apprehension of His perfections as revealed in Holy Scripture. An unknown God can neither be trusted, served, nor worshipped. In this booklet an effort has been made to set forth some of the principal perfections of the Divine character. If the reader is to truly profit from his perusal of the pages that follow, he needs to definitely and earnestly beseech God to bless them to him, to apply His Truth to the conscience and heart, so that his life will be transformed thereby.
Something more than a theoretical knowledge of God is needed by us. God is only truly known in the soul as we yield ourselves to Him, submit to His authority, and regulate all the details of our lives by His holy precepts and commandments. "Then shall we know, if we follow on (in the path of obedience) to know the Lord" (Hosea 6:3). "If any man will do His will, he shall know" (John 7:17). "The people that do know their God shall be strong" (Dan. 11:32). - from The Attributes of God by AW Pink.


Even though we’re living in an age of digital storytelling, comic books are just as popular as ever with some of them becoming the theme for slot machines (click here for some examples) and billions of pounds are spent on these colourful creations every year.
But which comics are the most popular, which ones have sold the most units? The answer may surprise you.
5. Asterix = 370 Million+ Copies
Asterix is published as an annual book and has been printed in this format for around 60 years, albeit with much less frequency in the last couple of decades.
Created by René Goscinny and Albert Uderzo, Asterix tells the story of a group of Gaul warriors who fight against the Roman Empire circa 50 BCE. The eponymous hero leads the way and is closely followed by his best friend Obelix as the pair face-off against real historical figures like Julius Caesar.
Although it was originally published in French, Asterix has been translated into over 100 different languages and dialects and has a massive following throughout Europe.
4. Spider-Man = 385 Million+ Copies
Spider-Man is a global franchise that turned an awkward photographer into one of the world’s best-loved superheroes. It was created by Stan Lee and Steve Ditko and is the number 1 Marvel comic in terms of sales.
The famous-web slinger first appeared in 1962 in the Amazing Fantasy anthology, before getting his own series a short time later.
3. One Piece = 470 Million+ Copies
One Piece is a Japanese manga series that has been published in close to 100 volumes. The first of these was in 1997, making it the youngest comic on this list.
The massive popularity of this series in its native Japan, along with a huge following in North America, has given One Piece the enviable honour of being the world’s best-selling comic volume.
2. Batman = 480 Million+ Copies
Also known as the Dark Knight, Batman is more of an everyday superhero than his contemporaries. As a result, he is more relatable with readers. He also has a dark back story and lives in a twisted and somewhat dystopian city, making for a much bleaker backdrop and attracting an older audience.
Created by Bill Finger and Bob Kane, Batman first appeared in Detective Comics, published by DC Comics in 1939. His inclusion was a big hit with fans, and he was given his own comic a year later, beginning a legend that would culminate in thousands of issues and a number of TV, film, and game adaptations.
Although he’s not number 1 on our list, the success of the Christopher Nolan Batman trilogy, as well as the Arkham series of video games, has made Batman the world’s most profitable superhero franchise.
1. Superman = 600 Million+ Copies
The Man of Steel has dominated the superhero sales rankings since the beginning. He’s the definitive superhero—the strongest and most powerful man in the universe—and kids and adults alike have been following his adventures since 1938.
Created by Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster, Superman first appeared in the very first edition of Action Comics, and his inclusion helped to make the issue a huge success. Incidentally, that same comic, which sold for just $0.10 in 1938, once sold for over $3 million and is considered the most valuable comic in the world.
The Last Son of Krypton made 859 appearances in Action Comics and 475 appearances in the “Superman” comics. When these are combined with the many mini-series and cross-over issues, it accounts for thousands of comics and over 600 million sales.


Your documents and files
Information about the archived file is also displayed: the archiving date, file format, number of pages (only for PDF files) and the registry and filing attributes. All documents and files that match your query will be displayed in the hit list. Select the document or file that you want to view in full by clicking on the desired line with the mouse. If the hit list is too long, you can make your query more specific by adding additional information in the search field. Fewer documents and files will then be displayed in the hit list. As soon as you click on a line in the hit list, you call up the file or document from the archive.
It will then be downloaded to your workstation. You can display invoices from the archive or call up all types of files or e-mails. Multiple employees can also call up and view the same file or document at the same time. As soon as the desired document or file has been downloaded to your workstation, you can print, forward or process the file. The original copy remains unchanged in the archive. If you want to archive the document or file again, you are not able to overwrite the original copy in the archive. Instead, a second file will be automatically saved to the archive by BvLArchivio to ensure audit-proof archiving.
The hit list
You can display the hit list as a simple list or as a hit list with preview images (standard setting). It is also possible to display the list without information about the archived file, meaning that only the preview images are shown.
Search query options
The search query options in BvLArchivio are extremely diverse and thus always guarantee that you can find and display the desired documents, folders or files. You can search for the content of documents, for projects or complete processes or even complete folders or records. And you also have the option of not only displaying documents that precisely match your search query but also searching for documents that only partially match your search query, e.g. all delivery notes that start with the number 4711. You can use the option of searching for a fragment of text in BvLArchivio when you only know part of your query. For example, you want to search for all invoices on which antique taps have been billed.
You do not know the item number “6469 antique gold tap” but do know that the item number includes the term “antique”. To search for a text fragment, you now simply enter just “tap” and “antique” in the search field. The hit list will display all documents that either partially or completely contain one of the terms or also the numbers that you have entered in the search field, irrespective of the position or context in which they appear on the document. For example, if you do not know who the telephone number containing the numbers 4781 belongs to, searching for a text fragment will give you a hit list that contains all documents and files that contain the telephone number 030-4547810. You can also add a time period to your search in BvLArchivio or combine it with information on the file type – BvLArchivio offers you all these options and responds to your query within a few seconds.
Mobile BvLArchivio® app
Naturally, you can also use the mobile BvLArchivio app for all the search queries and functions that you have become familiar with from your BvLArchivio desktop search on your workstation.


Book Title: The Perfect Drug
Author: Chaitanya Saini
Publisher: Pakshi Publication
No. of Pages: 454
Book Review- The Perfect Drug book by Chaitanya Saini
The Perfect Drug book by Chaitanya Saini has a unique story and plot, with a guy named Ananya being the main character. He is a science student with great interest in chemistry. Other than Ananya, the story revolves mostly around his girlfriend, a couple of friends, and family.
Suggested reading: 39 Best Chetan Bhagat quotes about life, success, youth, and love
His girlfriend gets addicted to drugs and at some point in time, he is heart-broken. Rather than blaming the things and his fortune, he begins research on producing a divine substance that can bring enlightenment. He calls this substance the Perfect Drug.
So, the perfect drug created by Ananya has the power to tempt spiritual energy in human beings. But every drug and the great thing has to be used with care and respect. Because everything that gives us joy is the cause of our suffering as well.
The book also takes a dive into spirituality and religion, and how we keep spirituality and reality at the background in our life.
Author Chaitanya Saini has described the chemistry facts really well in the book so that even the non-science guys can understand the things easily. I liked the plot and uniqueness of the story.
The author has put a lot of thinking into the words, which I could easily realize while reading the lines that had a very deep meaning. I love books that have words with in-depth meaning. Maybe that’s what sets apart the good authors from the average ones.
The Perfect Drug book is a little longer (400+ pages), considering the Indian audience who is not that much into reading. Chaitanya Saini has used some difficult words in the story, which is, again, not user-friendly. If you are a regular reader who enjoys reading quality novels, this is a worthy read.
Have you already read The Perfect Drug by Chaitanya Saini? Let me know your review as well.
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A Conversation with
Illustration by Colleen O’Hara, Fall 2023
Sandra Aguilar is an associate professor of history. After earning her bachelor’s degree in Mexico, she attended the University of Oxford for her master’s degree and the University of Manchester for her doctorate. She teaches courses in colonial and modern Latin America and Mexican history as well as seminars on race, food, class, and gender in Latin America. She is writing a book titled Cooking Modernity: Food, Gender, and Class in Mid-20th-Century Mexico. To learn more, magazine editor Claire Kowalchik talked with Aguilar over coffee at Baked in Emmaus.
Your research explores food, diet, and culinary practices in Mexico between 1920 and 1960 from the perspective of women. What drew you to this academic pursuit?
When I was an undergraduate, we didn’t have courses on women’s history. At Oxford, I discovered historical writings on women. Most of that research was done in the ’70s and beyond and focused on the public sphere—women as teachers, nurses, or workers. I wanted to explore something new, so I thought why not turn to the mid-20th century and research women in the home. At the time, women spent most of their time in the kitchen, so I decided to explore women’s daily lives from the perspective of the kitchen and food.
I found very little information for the time period, which pushed me into different avenues in my search for primary sources. I went to the Archives of Public Health, which took my research into nutrition, nutrition policies, welfare, and what the government was trying to do to improve the diet of the population. But to learn what happened in the kitchen required use of other sources, such as cookbooks, advertisements, and oral histories. Fortunately, I was able to talk with women in their 70s and 80s, which provided information I wouldn’t have been able to find anywhere else.
What are some of the things your research has uncovered?
My work emphasizes how cooking and eating became an arena to define and transform the working class and the implications of this on race. The working class represents the majority of Mexico’s population, and in the interest of improving the health of the country’s workers, the government encouraged families to increase their protein intake. Drinking milk was seen as the most effective way to do so—emulating dietary practices in the United States. Milk was not part of the diet of most Mexicans, and indigenous peoples or those with indigenous ancestry could not digest cow’s milk. In the mid-20th century, lactose intolerance was not known, and the government saw any refusal to drink milk as stubbornness, characteristic of indigenous peoples and the working class.
Those people who migrated from the countryside to the city had access to processed foods and sugar, which significantly altered their diet. Interestingly, when researchers mapped the nutrition patterns of Mexico, they found that the diet of one of the poorest communities of indigenous people who foraged for plants, grew their own food, and ate insects (high in protein) was more nutritious than that of their economic counterparts in the city.
So, when doctors and the government promoted a higher consumption of protein, why didn’t they recommend eating more insects?
Because it is not viewed as civilized or something that a modern nation should embrace.
In Mexico’s drive to advance, it emulated the cultural patterns of white Europeans and white Americans, making people feel it’s not good to be indigenous. The message to them was that they must change, and that diet was one of those things they had to change to be part of the civilized modern Mexico.
I bring my research into my classroom to show students that studying the past helps us understand better our present and find the connection between the experiences of certain groups in the United States and Latin America.
Grandma Meche’s Cookies
My paternal grandmother worked as a nurse in a psychiatric hospital in Mexico City in the early 1920s. She learned to bake these cookies using a charcoal oven and very basic utensils. Half of this recipe will be used to make cutout cookies and half for guava-filled empanadas. —Sandra Aguilar, associate professor of history
2 cups unsalted butter at room temperature
2½ cups sugar 5 cups all-purpose flour
4 teaspoons baking powder
5 eggs (reserve 1 egg for glazing)
Colored sugar, sprinkles, or chocolate chips for decorating (optional)
- Preheat the oven to 350°F.
- In a medium-size bowl, cream the butter and sugar.
- In a large bowl, mix the flour and baking powder. Set aside.
- Add 4 eggs one at a time to the butter-sugar mixture and combine.
- Mix the flour mixture into the butter-sugar mixture to form a dough.
- Divide the dough in half and shape it into two disks. Wrap one disk in plastic wrap and refrigerate until step 11.
- Place a disk of dough on a floured countertop or cutting board and use a rolling pin to roll it to about ¼ inch.
- Use cookie cutters to cut out shapes and place them on baking sheets covered with parchment paper.
- Beat the reserved egg and brush it on top of the cutout cookies; then decorate with colored sugar, sprinkles, or chocolate chips (my grandmother only used sugar).
- Bake about 15 minutes, until lightly browned, and cool slightly before removing from the baking sheet.
- Remove the remaining dough from the refrigerator and roll it out to a ¼-inch thickness. Use a circular cookie cutter to cut rounds of dough and place them on baking sheets.
- Put a little bit of guava paste in the center of each circle of dough, fold the dough in half, and use a fork to seal the edges. Brush beaten egg on top.
- Bake for 15 minutes, or until golden brown. Cool slightly before removing from the baking sheet and store in an air-tight container.
Makes 2 pounds of cookies; the recipe can be cut in half.
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This VHX stream for HOME VIDEO ONLY. EDUCATIONAL VIEWERS, PLEASE GO TO http://bit.ly/SBBeduDVD. Thank you!
Winner of 11 festival awards and a Sundance Film Festival Grand Jury nomination, SHAKESPEARE BEHIND BARS follows a year in the life of the renowned Shakespeare Behind Bars troupe at Luther Luckett Correctional Facility in Louisville, Kentucky.
Led by director Curt Tofteland, whose innovative work with Luther Luckett inmates began in the mid-1990s, the prisoners cast themselves in roles reflecting their personal history and fate. Their individual stories, including information about their heinous crimes, are brilliantly interwoven with the plot of Shakespeare’s “The Tempest”. As the inmates delve deeply into the characters they portray, they are forced to confront their personal demons.
The result is an extraordinary story about the creative process and the power of art to heal and redeem–in a place where the very act of participation in theatre is a human triumph and a means of personal liberation.
SHAKESPEARE BEHIND BARS is written and directed by Hank Rogerson and produced by Jilann Spitzmiller. Rogerson and Spitzmiller are a husband and wife team that has collaborated on projects for over 25 years, including the award-winning documentaries STILL DREAMING, HOMELAND and CIRCLE OF STORIES.
Produced by Philomath Films in association with the Independent Television Service (ITVS) and the BBC, with major funding provided by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting. The film has received other major support from the Sundance Institute Documentary Fund, and was selected for the first-ever Sundance Institute Documentary Story and Edit Lab, as well as the Sundance Documentary Composer’s Lab.
For more information, visit: http://www.shakespearebehindbars.org/documentary/
If you would like to book the filmmakers or cast of SBB for an in person Q&A, please contact [email protected].
Purchase a digital copy of the film, complete with several Extras!Buy $9.99
Rent this cult classic film that premiered at Sundance Film Festival and won numerous awards.Rent $4.99