Religious Freedom: An American Ideal
Tisa Wenger on Jack Rakove
What comes to mind when you hear the words “religious freedom?” Who and what, in practice, has this freedom actually protected? What are the limits of this freedom, and who gets to decide?
In Beyond Belief, Beyond Conscience, Jack Rakove, a political scientist and historian at Stanford, aims to shed new light on the importance of religious freedom as an American ideal. Beyond Belief, Beyond Conscience is part of Oxford’s Inalienable Rights series and, like all the texts in that venerable series, is intended as a “short, analytically sharp exploration of a particular right,” clarifying ongoing points of tension and “challenging us to rethink our most cherished freedoms.” The book and the series as a whole speak within the constitutional framework of the United States. You might say that they seek to refurbish and revitalize the building blocks of American exceptionalism towards new and more inclusive ends. In service to that broader mission, with all its perils and pitfalls, Rakove offers a trenchant defense of religious freedom as a classically liberal ideal.
Rakove is one of the few authors in this series who writes not as a lawyer or legal scholar but primarily as a historian. And so, perhaps to manage his readers’ expectations, he repeatedly stresses the limits of the historian’s gaze. He reminds us that historians cannot predict the future; and that the disciplinary tools of history provide little help in deciding what the law should or should not be. When approaching a topic like religious freedom, he tells us, the historian’s task is to clarify the historical conditions that produced the ideal and shaped its development over time. But Rakove is so insistent about the limits of his view as a historian that the disclaimers, at least to this reader, begin to feel a bit disingenuous. The book is no disinterested history—does such a thing exist?—but rather draws on history to articulate a set of principles by which the author believes religious freedom should be governed.
Rakove’s approach will confound some readers’ assumptions around the politics of religious freedom. His concern for the moral conscience of individuals (all individuals) contradicts the conservative tendency in recent years to favor churches and corporations over the contravening rights of the individuals who oppose them or simply get in their way. Progressives, on the other hand, are likely to falter at Rakove’s claim that the freedom of religion serves as the most important grounding for the “moral autonomy of individuals” and for the whole array of freedoms that Americans cherish. By returning to the Madisonian ideal, by insisting on religious freedom as a right adhering above all to the individual person, Rakove hopes to restore much-needed clarity to this field.
Rakove builds his case through a whirlwind tour of American history. His first two chapters move swiftly through several centuries of European and colonial American history to show how American practices and principles of religious freedom emerged out of the specific context of the American Revolution. Most important, in his telling, was a developing evangelical Protestant theology that stressed the sovereignty of the individual conscience, fortuitously combined with an on-the-ground religious diversity that made European-style establishments impossible to secure. Chapter three focuses in on Thomas Jefferson and James Madison as the key figures in formulating a forward-looking framework for this freedom for the new United States. Chapter four surveys key constitutional developments in the long nineteenth century, while the fifth and final chapter sums up religious freedom jurisprudence since the 1940s. Noting the significance of Employment Division v. Smith (1990) and the legislative response of the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (1993), Rakove ends with ongoing debates over the kinds of exemptions the state should provide on religious grounds to otherwise applicable public laws.
By way of conclusion, Rakove proposes “Madison’s razor” as a way to cut through this contemporary fray. He argues that religion ought to be treated “as a matter of private belief and voluntary associations,” and honored as “a true wellspring of constitutional privacy.” Current debates are typically framed to pit religious freedom (often for conservative Christians) against civil rights and liberties (often for women, same-sex couples, or transgender people). Reflecting on this situation, Rakove decries the ‘third-party effects’ that ensue when exemptions from public laws, granted to some on religious freedom grounds, cause harm to others. Madison could not have envisioned this problem, he explains, because in Madison’s lifetime the complexities of the ‘modern regulatory state’ did not yet exist.” And so Rakove extrapolates from Madison’s expressed concern for protecting “minorities and individuals against the opinions, passions, and interests of popular majorities.” When contraception and abortion are recognized as matters of conscience, Rakove asks, how could the law grant anyone the right to make such decisions for others? How could anyone “alienate that right” to their employer or to the state? How might the law honor devoutly religious minorities, of all kinds, and other kinds of minorities, such as same-sex couples who seek equal rights and equal status under the law? Arguing against a cadre of conservative legal scholars and activists—and indeed against the current majority on the Supreme Court—Rakove concludes that religious freedom must adhere not primarily to churches or corporations but to individuals; and that the separation of church and state does not stand in tension with this freedom but rather preserves it.
Like Rakove, I speak as a historian, and I too would disclaim the ability to offer any final solutions. I am sympathetic, as well, to many of his conclusions. But as a historian of religion with longstanding interests in the law—and especially in the social formations and consequences of religious freedom law—I wanted Rakove to push deeper into these muddiest of historical waters in search of greater clarity about the nature of the problem. I would pose a series of questions about how standard American ideas about religion itself were made and remade through the histories Rakove relates, and about the unintended consequences of this religion and the regimes of governance it enables.
In my view, Rakove is overly rosy about the successes of Madison’s approach, and tends to gloss over its many exclusions. While he asks how the principle of religious freedom developed, he treats the underlying notion of religion as self-evident. He knows what it is when he sees it, and he takes for granted that his readers do as well. Religion is the source of individual “moral autonomy,” he writes. It is the source of deeply held values, convictions, and spiritual meaning. Jefferson and Madison, at the leading edge of the American Enlightenment, concluded that religion was best when it was private, removed from political concerns. Religion, ideally, exists in its own realm of conscience, morality, and belief. Rather than explicitly wrestling with the task of defining religion, Rakove simply assumes that this is what religion is—or, in the modern American constitutional order, what religion should and must be.
But the things people designate as religion rarely play by these rules. Rakove would benefit from engaging with recent work in religious studies and the anthropology of religion—starting with Talal Asad’s Genealogies of Religion, or Tomoko Masuzawa’s The Invention of World Religions—that ask how the category of religion itself, and the insistence that it be free, are products of very particular European and Anglo-American histories. The kind of religion that Jefferson, Madison, and now Rakove have aimed to liberate was, in a sense, imagined into being through countless arguments in its defense. That creation has always been unstable, a vision more than a reality. On the ground, in the conflictual messiness of human life, the communities that organize as religions are almost never content to leave their convictions and their consciences safely in the private sphere. Religions, as people name and observe and claim them, always seem to exceed the privatized limits of liberalism’s ideal.
Rakove does not see—or perhaps does not consider relevant to the topic at hand—how the liberal ideals of men like Madison and Jefferson were bound up with the violent systems of settler colonialism and slavery in which they participated. He describes colonial Pennsylvania as a kind of incubator for religious freedom, not only because of William Penn’s Quaker idealism but also through a “recruitment strategy” that “juxtaposed giving immigrants ready access to land with the promise of liberty of conscience.” (54, 60). European settlers, in other words, were actively recruited through the twin promises of free religion and freely available land. In later years, the same was true of the western territories claimed by the United States. Yet these lands were not open “wilderness,” as Rakove describes them. They were the homelands of numerous Indigenous nations whose very existence as sovereign nations were systematically being denied.
Nor does Rakove see how the religion of the majority generally escaped the privatized model that functioned quite consistently to discipline colonized, racialized, and non-Christian others. He acknowledges that British colonists largely dismissed Native American “religious practices as the work of heathens and devil worshipers” (43). But he does not follow that story through the active suppression of Indigenous practices in the nineteenth and much of the twentieth centuries, surely the most sustained assault on any set of religious traditions by the United States government. Policymakers believed that Christianity would “civilize” Native Americans and free them from the tyranny of their “heathenism.” Christianity, in this instance as in Rakove’s narrative, was framed as the source of individual freedom, instilling moral autonomy and so creating the modern (civilized or civilizable) subject. These convictions both enabled the public privileges of Christianity and helped justify the theft of Indigenous lands.
Rakove barely mentions the enslaved African Americans who were equally excluded from the scope of early American religious freedom. In Jefferson’s and Madison’s own households and throughout their society, enslaved people were denied the bodily autonomy that must be the precondition for any “moral autonomy” worth having. The religious liberty that the founding fathers granted to enslaved people was a mockery, as Black abolitionists like David Walker recognized. It was limited—explicitly in the writings of John Locke, and implicitly in the US Constitution—to the spiritual and not the “civil” sphere. Slaveholders claimed the freedom of religion (along with the rights of property) to defend the practice of slavery against abolitionists who, it was said, aimed to destroy the (white) Southern way of life. The issue here is not simply that the “booming spiritual marketplace” of the nineteenth century was inaccessible to many, or accessible on dramatically unequal terms, but also that this spiritual marketplace cannot be separated from the energies, anxieties, and enthusiasms of a White settler society that came into being through the seizure of Black bodies and Indigenous lands.
Do these exclusions matter to Rakove’s argument? No doubt he would respond that Jefferson and Madison were men of their times, and that we cannot delegitimize their good ideas simply because they were mixed up with the bad. “Moral condemnation is an easy task,” he writes; “historical explanation is a much more difficult endeavor.” Despite the limited scope of their vision, despite the nation’s many failures, surely the freedoms elaborated by Jefferson and Madison can and should be extended to all. As my own work shows, the constitutional principle of religious freedom has indeed provided cultural legibility and legal recourse for minorities of all kinds. And it is clear that the scope of these constitutional protections, at least in principle, have widened over time.
And yet, the exclusions and inequities of religious freedom are clearly not limited to the past. Christian privilege remains very much alive in the placement of churches in prime locations in American towns; in the organization of public-school calendars; in the kinds of “faith-based” programs that are likely to be publicly funded; in the kinds of hot-button issues—opposition to abortion, contraception, same-sex marriage, or transsexual existence—that get publicly framed and privileged as religious freedom concerns. It is harder to locate religious freedom, either within or beyond the courts, for Native people who seek to defend the lands they call sacred, lands which the United States government defines as property to be bought and sold. Religious freedom is a right guaranteed to inmates trapped within the racialized system of mass incarceration. And yet, as with enslaved people in antebellum America, the freedom of conscience for unjustly incarcerated people must be a hollow freedom indeed.
Reflecting on this rather gloomier historical account, I worry that Rakove’s celebratory defense of religious freedom continues to instantiate a very particular kind of religion. In the perennial tension between religious freedom as an individual or a collective right, he unapologetically takes the side of the individual. He is rightly concerned for the people who become collateral damage when religious freedom exemptions are granted to churches and corporations. But his argument, I fear, only reifies the value of religious freedom and has little power to resolve its contradictions. If, as Rakove does, we understand religion as the primary site of human moral formation, if religion resides in the places where subjects and subjectivities are formed, then surely this freedom cannot be framed as purely an individual concern. The notion of religion as individual conscience, disembodied and disembedded from its relational networks and from the land itself, is a product of the imperial Enlightenment. All too often it has been imposed only on protesting minorities—who are told to keep their religion in its properly privatized place—and so has enabled the privilege of those already in power.
At a time when appeals to the collective rights of religious freedom seem only to reify Christian privilege, any challenge to Rakove’s prioritization of the individual might seem inconvenient. But if, like Rakove, I can step out of my lane as a historian to suggest a new way through, I would call for a weaker but also wider version of this freedom. Unlike some critics, I see little advantage, either pragmatically or substantively, in calling for its abandonment. Rather I would weaken it by viewing religion as less special, not more; and by framing religious freedom as one freedom among many, not as the most foundational freedom. Nobody’s religious freedom should have the right to trump the constitutional rights and freedoms of others. Through that weakening, as well, we might also recognize a more capacious and inclusive religious freedom that can honor both individual consciences and the value of the diverse communities (and lands) that mold them.
Tisa Wenger is Professor of American Religious History at Yale Divinity School. Her books are We Have a Religion: The 1920s Pueblo Indian Dance Controversy and American Religious Freedom (2009) and Religious Freedom: The Contested History of an American Ideal (2017). Her current research asks how colonial encounters made and re-made both indigenous and white settler religion in the early national United States.


The other night, I pulled out a very well-worn book that I keep going back and back to. I have a few of these in my life. These are the books that stopped me in my tracks and opened my heart to the wonders of the world around me and also the world within me. They are the ones that I recommend over and over again to others who are struggling with life events, need some guidance in a particular area or possibly need a friend to remind them to keep their chin up and lean into hope.
I wonder if they might be just what you need in whatever season you are journeying through.
When the Heart Waits, Sue Monk Kidd About 12 years ago, I was going through a dark time in my life. I felt as if I was in a cocoon of sorts, not knowing when or how I would ever break free (become a butterfly) and enter into the full life I had waiting "just on the other side." A friend shared this book with me and as I read it, it felt like Sue Monk Kidd had become a companion to me, gently guiding me as I learned that I didn't need or want a hasty escape from my darkness, but that instead, I could yield to the discipline of "active waiting." "The soul is holy soil in which the divine life of God is planted for us to cultivate and experience." (Page 47)
Inspired, Rachel Held Evans I worked through this book slowly with a women’s group recently. It is brilliant. Evans, one of my new favorite authors, examines some familiar Bible stories, retelling them in new ways and drawing out ideas that resonated with me. As Amazon says, “Undaunted by the Bible’s most difficult passages, Evans wrestles through the process of doubting, imagining, and debating Scripture’s mysteries. The Bible, she discovers, is not a static work but is a living, breathing, captivating, and confounding book that is able to equip us to join God’s loving and redemptive work in the world.” I couldn’t recommend this more.
“The church is not a group of people who believe all the same things; the church is a group of people caught up in the same story, with Jesus at the center.” (Page 157) The Divine Conspiracy: Rediscovering our Hidden Life in God, Dallas Willard I don't even know where to begin with this book. It's rich. It's thought-provoking. It needs to be read slowly (it took me a year, reading just a few pages at a time). It is life-changing. After I read it, I found out that this gentle, gracious, author who oozed wisdom was coming to speak in New York City. My husband graciously got me (and the friend who recommended the book to me) tickets to see him and we sat in a room and just marveled and soaked up his goodness. I didn't want the night to end. When I heard of his passing a couple of years ago, I thought to myself, "What a gift he was to me and will continue to be for the rest of my life." I am so grateful to have taken the time to dive deep into the wise words of this brilliant author and am sure I will continue to do so. “We must understand that God does not "love" us without liking us - through gritted teeth - as "Christian" love is sometimes thought to do. Rather, out of the eternal freshness of his perpetually self-renewed being, the heavenly Father cherishes the earth and each human being upon it. The fondness, the endearment, the unstintingly affectionate regard of God toward all his creatures is the natural outflow of what he is to the core - which we vainly try to capture with our tired but indispensable old word "love".” (not sure which page) The Next Right Thing, Emily P. Freeman
I am reading through this a second time. Slowly. And journaling. It’s that good. Emily’s wisdom and ability to communicate through story about how to make decisions (which we all do about 35,000 times a day) couldn’t be more effective. She is gentle and kind, strong and helpful. I’ve recommended this book to every single person I’ve come in contact with. Short, yet very packed-full-of-goodness chapters. Reading brings me to “far away” places including my very own heart! I am changed by what I read. I hope you are too. She also has a podcast by the same name that I listen to every single week.
“O God, I am open. The decisions I’m facing have become too much. Ease my fatigue with your presence and my hesitation with your peace. Here is an issue that has me tied up in knots. Will you begin to untangle me? What do you want me to know today? O God, I am open.” (Prayer at the End of Chapter One)
After living for many years running a hundred miles an hour, being everyone's savior, saying "yes" to everything that came along and then plummeting into the mental, emotional and physical consequences of such a life, I went to therapy with a loving, kind, warm Christian counselor. This was the book that she had at the very tippy-top of her list for me. Not only did I devour it in almost one sitting, I spent a whole year working through it slowly, one chapter at a time and then did it again several summers later. These experts walked me through determining what healthy boundaries are and how to change my patterns of thinking and then take action bit by bit in order to live a life that embraced loving and giving, but also my own limitations (because I'm a mere mortal). Whenever I find myself falling into bad patterns, I plunge right back into the book, soaking up the truths that are rife throughout it. "It takes wisdom to know what we should be doing and what we shouldn't. We can't do everything." (Page 27)
Since I am a teacher and I am ALSO a learner, I would love for you to send me note or comment below on what books have changed your life. I'm always on the lookout.


King Samrick is a big guy with a big personality. He can shrink to a much smaller guy, but the personality stays the same size. He loves the ladies. And he loves to party!
Samrick is the first friend that Charby ever made. Samrick's friendship is genuine, but you bet he's wiping his brow with relief considering one of his powers is being able to read the power level of a creature, and Charby's is nearly off the chart!
(from Patreon post)
Samrick began his life in Kellwood as an adoptee to Ilgram's court. and was initiially raised as a page, but due to his cleverness and ambition, eventually rose to be a scribe, archivist, alchemist and eventually, vizier.
During his time up-close and personal to the mechanisms of the Demon Kingdom, Samrick became frustrated with the way his King ran things. His stodgy traditions and refusal to take good advice began to embitter the young Samrick. He began to find more excuses to spend time away from the court, until he eventually decided to plot against King Ilgram.
Samrick made some shady allies to acquire a "Chaos Tear", and forge it into a ring. The ring would grant him three wishes. Samrick used the first to become the most powerful demon in the land.
He went on to rebel against Ilgram, but had grave concerns about consuming the final two wishes, worrying there may be some curse by his allies worked into it that would activate upon his final wish,
So instead, he hoarded the final wishes and relied on his guile and charisma (in addition to his size and power) to ascend to the throne of the Demon Kingdom.
Samrick's new reign was very well received by the people. The nations of Kellwood all serve King Samrick, and he divided his lands into the Grand Kingdoms, redrawing the map of Kellwood, This decision was his most difficult and least popular with the nations, and precipitated turmoil such as the War of Four Summers.


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Emory has cancelled all Spring events including the upcoming SERCA book arts workshop. If you had previously registered for this event we will be contacting you to arrange a refund of registration fees. Please feel free to contact us with any questions at SeRegionConservationAssoc@gmail.com or Kim Norman at email@example.com
Book Arts Workshop
with Brad Freeman
Book Artist and Founding Editor-in-Chief of
The Journal of Artists’ Books (JAB)
Emory Libraries Conservation Lab
Emory University-Woodruff Library
Atlanta, GA 30322
Co-sponsored with the Southeast Regional Conservation Association (SERCA), this workshop begins with a presentation by Brad Freeman at Emory University-Woodruff Library. Brad will discuss his artist’s books, decades publishing The Journal of Artists’ Books, and history working in book arts. The event is open to the public and will be in Woodruff Library-Jones Room, March 31st, 4-6pm with reception.
During the two-day workshop on April 1-2, students will create content and produce small editions of artist books. Each attendee will trade copies of their edition with the other students, and everyone will leave with a full set of the class-produced artists’ books.
Questions, please contact:
Kim Norman, Head of Library Conservation, Emory Libraries firstname.lastname@example.org


By Helen Shears
Ph.D. Student in History
In the fall semester of 2018, my friend and colleague in the Duke history Ph.D. program, Ashton Merck, approached me about collaborating on a project she was developing for the Archival Expeditions grant, a new program sponsored by the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library. I agreed. The experience turned out to be more challenging and rewarding than I thought possible, an intellectual adventure that taught me the value of graduate student collaboration and the importance of getting out of my comfort zone as a scholar.
The pilot asked doctoral students to use materials in the Special Collections library to develop modules for particular undergraduate courses. It was a great opportunity for graduate students to develop their skills in course planning with a hands-on research component. Ashton, a historian of modern American business and regulatory policy, was interested in introducing qualitative, humanistic research methods to business students, in the context of classes such as the History of Innovation course in the Innovation and Entrepreneurship certificate, which typically might not involve the use of primary-source documents.
I study the history of early modern European empires, which, on the surface at least, might not seem even tangentially related to this type of project. However, Ashton wanted to work with a pre-modern historian in order to expand and complicate the timeline for scholars who might not otherwise consider the longer history of the concepts of “enterprise” or “innovation,” which we typically associate with the 19th and 20th centuries. We had gotten to know one another through the Duke Sawyer Seminar in Corporations and International Law, and our work shared some important conceptual interests, namely an interest in the intersection of government and commerce through the lens of institutions.
As a fifth-year and second-year student, respectively, Ashton and I were at very different stages in the history Ph.D. program, and the unique design of our specific project meant we were going to be working with minimal faculty supervision. In a sense, the project represented an experiment in striking out on our own terms, in order to see what the research collaboration between two graduate students could produce.
To our pleasure, we discovered that Archival Expeditions was an ideal program to foster research collaboration between pre- and post-A.B.D (all-but-dissertation) graduate students. Ultimately, this realization was the biggest positive outcome of the experience for me. Through this experience, I essentially gained a peer mentor, a professional relationship distinct from the relationships with faculty that I had cultivated so far, but equally valuable.
Because I was still in the coursework stage of my Ph.D., there was less pressure on me to “lead” the research process. Rather, while getting to spend more time in the Rubenstein Library (always a plus!), I got to observe a fifth-year graduate student turn a pedagogical idea into a fully fleshed-out research exercise. The grant became a real window into the mechanisms of project design and management, such as how to write a successful grant, select appropriate faculty sponsors, and locate additional sources of support. I was able to begin to practice these skills with Ashton’s support in a more “controlled” academic environment with little risk attached, which was ideal.
Archival Expeditions also exposed me to other exciting areas of Duke that I never thought I would see. By selecting a professor in the Fuqua Business School as our sponsor rather than a faculty member in the history department, Ashton ensured that we had an even wider range of collaborative opportunities and resources at our fingertips. In addition to becoming more familiar with Rubenstein Special Collections, I learned about the Duke Innovation and Entrepreneurship Initiative, which connects entrepreneurs with the necessary resources to develop and expand projects that incorporate social justice and artistic media in addition to the more typical sort of business ventures.
By collaborating on Archival Expeditions with a fifth-year in my department, and especially one who works in a different field, I also began to learn how to articulate the value of a humanist approach to scholarship to audiences outside of the humanities. I was nervous about this dimension of the project at first. When the grant began, I was barely beginning to communicate the value of my research to my advisor. I had no idea how I might go about expressing the wider implications of my research to an audience primarily made up of business students! But I also knew that being able to talk about the value of history outside the confines of my department was an important skill to cultivate.
For example, in the first part of our course module, business students examine 19th-century financial records from the Dismal Swamp Land Company, a land-speculation venture company founded in 1763. The examination of familiar business data, such inventory reports, in an unfamiliar format from a different time period enables the students to fully grasp how all forms of data is shaped by social and material contexts. The longer historical perspective is crucial for this kind of exercise.
Archival Expeditions afforded me the opportunity to begin to practice these skills, and to do so with the support of a colleague who was farther along in the program. My best memories of working on the grant basically consist of me and Ashton sitting around (or, more frequently, having epic texting conversations late at night, with the exchange of many GIFs), talking about why it mattered to introduce the fundamental tenets of historical research to non-historians.
These conversations will stay with me, and I firmly believe that having them with a historian outside of my direct research field improved the intellectual foundation of the modules we developed. The value of our collaboration will strengthen our practice as historians long after we finish developing our lesson plans.


Millions of people around the world live with depression. “Living with a black dog” is a guide for partners, carers and sufferers of depression. It advises those living with and caring for people with depression on what to do, what not to do, and where to go for help.
“Living with a black dog” is a follow-up to “I had a black dog, his name was depression,” which offers practical advice for coming to terms with and overcoming depression.
Both videos were produced by writer and illustrator Matthew Johnstone in collaboration with WHO, and were based on books of the same name.
To view “I had a black dog, his name was depression,” please visit: http://youtu.be/XiCrniLQGYc
For more information on mental health, please visit: http://www.who.int/topics/mental_heal…


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Special for USN enthusiasts and for modellers in general, a deep view of the most emblematic jets selected by Daniel zamarbide for this book with an impressive gallery of real jets by Ioannis Lekas. You can seen the most modern techniques to apply in your modern jets and a lot of ideas. In this book..
Tracks and Wheels is the third release from the already famous AK Learning Series. The extremely talented artists within this book, take you on a journey through every aspect of painting and weathering tracks and wheels through their very own words, guiding you through their styles and approaches. F..
First book of this new collection (Learning series) in a small format. This collection is oriented to help modelers through different modeling tasks.This volume is dedicated to paint different types of wood, planes, ships , tools, accessories etc...
This new Super-Book, like its predecessors in this
same series of technical manuals called "FAQ",
is dedicated to modelling military vehicles and the
techniques used for assembly, painting and weathering. The difference with the previous book is that we have moved on in the timeframe and this boo..
Metallics have always been a difficult task for modellers. It doesn't matter which modelling branch you choose, at some point you will find yourself in front of a metal piece/part which, of course, you want to finish as realistic as possible. There exist many ways to achieve a metal finish, from the..


Mar Jang-nyug (pseudonym) is a Tibetan writer born and brought up in Marong village of Ngaba in the Tibetan province of Amdo. TCHRD presents another translated and edited essay from the author’s forthcoming book, Ancestors’ Tomb. This essay was written on 25 March 2012, a few months after the death of the author’s mother.
Ancestors’ Tomb is replete with accounts of unaddressed grievances and unfulfilled aspirations, at once personal and yet political, as is demonstrated by the tortured body of the author’s mother and her legacy to her son of a wounded heart, both bearing witness to brutalities bygone and present.
The invoking of memories about Ngaba during the nascent stages of Chinese rule is telling in that it gives a historical context – resonant with the underlying Buddhist theme of cause and effect – to the spate of self-immolation protests in Tibet in recent years. The recollections of Ngaba inhabitants shed light on deep-rooted grievances against past and current injustices that, in many ways, explains why Ngaba became the first Tibetan area to witness self-immolation protests.
My Mother was a Maidservant of the Communist Party
Mar Jang -nyug
Spending life in emptiness with a cold and melancholic heart, striving hard, walking on humble and unsteady legs; like a divine offering, the dark world hovers above our heads. No activity is more valuable than placing one’s hopes and aspirations in the force of compassion and unapologetic and fearless pride. No work is more precious than dedicating one’s life to the survival of one’s nation and culture. As someone who is supposed to be involved in such work, at times I forget that far away my gray-haired parents are yearning for their beloved son.
My beloved parents! Today, I endure a hitherto unendurable suffering. Unlike in the past, today tears stream down my cheeks. My beloved sixty-nine year old mother created and brought us seven siblings into this world. Amid the warmth of joys and happiness, she passed to us this hearth and home. My dear beloved mother, I am aware of the deep ocean-like faith in your heart that one day we would see each other. I am aware of the burning desire in your heart that one day we would be reunited.
Sadly, I didn’t see the face of my beloved mother. She abandoned me forever. My dear mother, no one can count the amount of sweat and tears you shed for us children. How can we measure the depth of the pain in your heart?
I shall never forget that each time I left my mother to search for the rainbow-like future, she saw me off with her tears. I shall always remember her caring and anxious words: “Do you have enough food to eat and enough clothes to wear?”
In her entire life, my beloved mother never saw a day of sunshine and happiness. She grew up surrounded by unendurable pain and agony. When she was an infant, she was robbed of the love and care of her beloved parents and relatives. She was an orphan, a lonely soul. When she told me of the humiliations she had been subjected to in life, they reminded me of the exploitation of the capitalist societies in the West.
My dear beloved mother, you are the saviour who helped me cross the desert of melancholy. You are the one who gave consciousness to my life. You are the one who showed me the light to the future. I shall never forget you. Every time I think about the pain you endured in life, terror and nausea strike my heart.
Thanks to the great peaceful liberation brought by the Communist Party, my mother became an orphan. As I mentioned before, my mother lost her father when she was very young. The Red Army killed him in 1959. My mother had three siblings. She was the second oldest child. When their mother died at the hands of the Chinese, their eighty-year-old grandmother took care of them. But the Chinese arrested and killed their grandmother too. The four siblings not only became orphans but were accused of being black hatters. Despite being children, they were subjected to forced labor. People belonging to lower classes abused and humiliated them. They spat on their faces.
Because of the harsh agricultural labor she was subjected to, my mother suffered physical deformities. Her fingers became so deformed that for years she was not able to tie the belt around her chupa. Her shoulders and knees suffered deformities too. Her physical deformities finally claimed her life.
I haven’t fulfilled my duty to repay the kindness of my beloved mother. My only excuse is that I was fully preoccupied with my studies. I spent my whole life dreaming about repaying her kindness. Sadly, I couldn’t see the face of my beloved mother when she passed away.
When I heard the cries of my mother on the telephone, I became so anxious. I felt as if my world had been turned upside down. I thought I couldn’t endure the painful desire to see her. But I had a responsibility to the future of a few thousand students. There was no way I could shirk my responsibility. For a whole week, I had countless dreams of reunion with mother. I shall never forget the advice my mother gave to me in my dreams. Like a nightingale thirsting for water, I left in haste to see my mother on the morning of 10 November 2011. Sadly, when I reached my mother’s home, I found that she had left this world without waiting for me. I felt so lonely, as if I was abandoned in a desert. I felt helpless, as if I was a rabbit at the mercy of an eagle’s claws. Apart from reciting the Buddhist mantras, I couldn’t do anything.
When I saw my mother’s corpse lying in the light of a lone butter lamp, a deep pain struck my chest. Tears that I shed from the depth of my heart were like a fortress to guard the eyes of my mother from death. Bending my knees on the pillow, I gave a gentle touch to the forehead of my mother; it was like a frozen stone in a winter river. The image of a soulless cold body struck me. I stood still there, like a statue.
With the clanging of sacred bells, my father and siblings prayed for the soul of my deceased mother, offered food to lamas and monks and welcomed visitors who came to our house to pay their last respects. Following our age-old traditions, they sought blessings for the corpse from lamas and sacred monasteries before carrying it to the cemetery. At the cemetery, an old man took the corpse around, and cut it open in the chest. He struck the skull of the corpse with a hammer. After crushing the skull, he gave the remains of it to my father. Then a swarm of vultures hovering in the air swooped down on my mother’s corpse to eat away all the flesh. The faces of my father and siblings reflected a deep satisfaction that my mother would be reborn in a heavenly realm. But I suffered from an enormous sense of loss. I felt as if I was being crushed by a huge weight of embarrassment. I had no choice but to leave the cemetery.
Of course, it would be of no use to bemoan the suffering of my mother. But she belonged to a historic generation and she was very special. She was one of those mothers whose memory is worth keeping and commemorating.
My beloved father! You have been waging battles to overcome the changing fate of our family. Time and again, you saved mother from the jaws of the lord of death. Time and again, you helped mother rise up from her bed. To you, I express my deep gratitude and love. I pray that my heart is not dispossessed of the feelings of love and care for a father who is being crushed by the weight of old age and time.


Disclosure: I am not crafty or creative! Thank God I have boys & they are not critical of my skills (or lack thereof!).
Our first summer project that I will share is our bookworm. In the Winter, we do a great job at reading everyday, but, in the summer - it gets harder. Between outside activities, vacation, and the pool we don't do as good of a job. Cole's Kindergarten teacher recommended that he read 100 books this summer, so we decided to create a bookworm. For every book he reads, he gets to add another "bubble" to his worm. It's hanging in the Kitchen (clothespin to the window where his house rules are), hopefully the visual helps keep this motivating. It's gonna be a big worm if we make it to 100!
Another reading project we are starting is slowly adjusting Cole to chapter books rather than just short stories. To help with this, Jason is purchasing a book that he liked as a child, and, he & Cole will read a chapter everyday he is off. Daddy reading to him is a real treat - so I think this will be very motivating for Cole! Adding chapter books into his reading will help him hold his attention span for longer periods of time, and increase his story telling skills. I'm excited to see how this goes (well, once Dad finds the book he wants that is!).


As a partner in the firm’s Litigation and Dispute Resolution practice group, Mr. Kanfer handles a broad range of complex commercial matters, including, among others, specialized securities issues, contentious partnership and employment matters, intricate real estate-related disputes, and high profile professional malpractice claims. Mr. Kanfer is intimately involved in devising and implementing the litigation and dispute resolution strategy to protect the interests of the firm’s clients, including Fortune 500 companies, real estate developers, hedge funds and other major financial institutions. Toward that end, Mr. Kanfer has played an integral role in both bench and jury trials, he has conducted mediations, taken and defended depositions and argued numerous substantive and procedural motions before the courts of the State of New York and the Federal Courts that comprise the Second Circuit.
In 2010 and 2011, Mr. Kanfer substantially contributed to the drafting and analysis of the real estate litigation chapter and its pocket part update, set forth in the latest edition of the critically acclaimed multi-volume treatise, Commercial Litigation in New York State Courts, edited by Robert L. Haig. Mr. Kanfer will serve as a co-author of the 2012 version of that chapter.
Mr. Kanfer is a graduate of Union College and Brooklyn Law School. At Brooklyn Law, Mr. Kanfer was an Executive Board Member of the Moot Court Honor Society where he organized and coordinated the Dean Jerome Prince National Evidence Moot Court Competition.
Contractual Indemnities: Key Provisions and Best Practices,
THSH CLE Program, March 6, 2013
Contributor, Chapter 103 "Commercial Real Estate Litigation" 4C Robert L. Haig, Commercial Litigation in New York Courts [3d ed. 2010]
Coauthor, “Time is Money: Contractual Treatments of Delay Damages,” New York Law Journal, (August 29, 2007)
Coauthor, “Protecting Employees’ Constitutional Rights in Governmental Investigations: The U.S. v. Stein Decisions,” NY Litigator, Vol. 12, No. 1, 47-48 (Spring 2007)
Contributor, “Do Unto Others: Be Wary of Violating Employment Contracts,” American Staffing Association Staffing Success Magazine (March/April 2003)


Here we share articles and literature from and baout South Yemen.
The Importance of Reconsidering Ideas about South Yemen
The Importance of Reconsidering Ideas about South Yemen Statement by the Academic Forum Muhammad Ali Luqman 15 August 2019 The current events in South Yemen require a reconsideration of approaches toward and perceptions of this region in order to gain a more comprehensive understanding of what is happening on the ground. Until the developments […]
Jemen-Report: The Academic Forum Muhammad Ali Luqman
The Academic Forum seeks to give insight into historical, political, economic and cultural topics related to South Yemen, as well as to stimulate research interest in this increasingly significant region.


Fahrenheit 451 is a critically acclaimed book — but that doesn’t mean that there aren’t negatives. Read how this book sets our writer’s mind ablaze with questions and doubt.
Guy Montag is a firefighter — he, in this version of dystopia, burns down buildings containing books rather than saving them — and his job is an enjoyable one (for him, at least), except that he’s afraid of the Hound, a machine used to set fires and that is as deadly as it is scary-looking. He comes home one day to find his neighbor, Clarisse, alone in the street, and he’s never seen anyone take their time before, so he asks her why, and they have a conversation that leaves him unsettled, so he goes to bed, takes pills, and there’s a war, so the entire floor shakes. His wife, Mildred, is always in her parlor-room with 4 tv-walls with her “family”: actors who leave an empty space in a conversation for the viewer to respond in with a script. Montag goes to burn a house caught with books, but the culprit — an old woman — refuses to leave, so he’s forced to burn her down along with the incriminating objects. He also learns that Clarisse has died from being run over by a car. Shocked, he retrieves a book from a burning home and begins to collect written works, and realizes what he’s been missing out on; Department Chief Betty (his boss) is onto him, and they talk, and he tells him about the perils that books entail. Eventually, Mildred rats Guy out and the FDP have to burn his house down; he says, “not the books!”, and arms himself with a gun — he even kills the Hound — and fatally shoots Betty. Now a criminal, he flees (he also meets a fellow reader who told him where to go) to the outskirts of the city, hours before the war takes its toll on the city and obliterates it, killing Mildred and 99% — if not everyone — of the city’s population, except for Montag and the community he finds exiled in the outskirts of the city, all of which are readers. They tell him that books can live on in your mind, and as long as you remember them, they’ll still exist — the message of the story being that books and knowledge will always prevail, and that they’re unavoidable. Bradbury also states that knowledge exists primarily in your mind, and that printed copies of knowledge are disposable; your brain isn’t [unless you’re dead].
Who Might Like This Book?
Fahrenheit 451 reminds us of a much simpler 1984* : both present the fear of destroying written documents — albeit the former (451) much more than the latter — and both note that although the world the characters are living in is one where either you have no privacy or you have no access to information except for what’s told to you through a telescreen, the majority of the population doesn’t care. They enjoy what they have, mindlessly living in a world that could be better if it wasn’t for their lack of knowledge of that world, of any world, except for what’s on their screens. We recommend this book for the pessimists and optimists who enjoy reading about how our world could’ve been — or might be in the future. However, if we’re truly being honest, this book has as many cons as it does pros — perhaps even more.
*1984, by George Orwell, is the landmark of dystopian fiction (see our post on George Orwell)
This book, although classified as a classic, is in my opinion, very overrated. It’s a good book, but Ray Bradbury (no offense to him) uses too many metaphors and similes in his writing. It doesn’t as much portray a vivid picture to the reader’s mind rather than crowd it with blurs of repetition. That being said, Bradbury did a great job depicting important events throughout the story, but having five metaphors in the first paragraph alone is a bit of an overkill. As for the plot, it was slow-paced until the end, where it picked up a couple of steps — yet, once again, if the plot was a man running, I doubt he’d run much faster than a wounded tortoise. The writing itself — and the message of the story — are what I think the book has the most going for it, but the biggest issue I have with Fahrenheit 451 is that the reason — the backbone of the plot, the heart of the story — is completely and utterly implausible. In a world where all homes are now fireproof, firefighters would remain at their posts, but be preventing wildfires and forest fires, rather than domestic ones. They wouldn’t flip to the polar opposite of their duties and act as if burning things that even their name prescribes against, was okay. If the world turned to TVs, publishing presses would go out of business, but websites providing information, apps that let you publish your own stories, wouldn’t die out — they couldn’t be burnt, either. In a world — Bradbury’s world — where electronic devices rule, you can’t get rid of digital knowledge; this little fact alone makes the entire foundation of his book crumble to the ground, the ashes of the flames it seemed to have been. Furthermore, you could theorize that people would sooner turn to TVs than their books, but why would that make firefighters burn them? In other words, I can say I prefer writing rather than drawing; is that a valid reason for you to break my colored pencils?
Another reason: in the story, Bradbury eloquently describes to the reader a magnificent city, advanced beyond its years, grandiose, modern, and entirely reliant on electricity. In his book, he said the architecture, the buildings, the lights, everything, was magnificent. Just a series of questions:
How do you design a building?
You create a blueprint.
How do you create a blueprint?
You write, you plan, you measure.
How do you know that?
You read a book.
You can argue that you could have just as easily seen a video on the subject, but that reverts back to a ‘chicken-and-the-egg’-like predicament: you see a video to learn about something, but where did that person in the video learn what they’re teaching? From another video? But then, where did the person from that video learn what they’re teaching? From a different video. And then that person did the same thing. And it goes on, trailing years and years back in time, until the year videomaking came out. There’s a man on a black-and-white screen explaining the ins-and-outs of building a tower. Where did he acquire his knowledge? From a book. There’s a reason word-of-mouth stories don’t last; they change as different people interpret them in different ways. Faulty architecture is catastrophic; but Bradbury’s city is supposedly flawless. Therefore, the city Bradbury imagined couldn’t have functioned without books present somewhere. This is another — pretty large — blow to the plot’s already hole-riddled shield.
Additionally, why would the government interest itself — devote itself, even — in the destruction of books, under the guise of their being ‘bad for your mental health’, when there are things like drugs, cigarettes, too much television, etc, that are so obviously worse? All through ‘451, I was asking myself over and over that same question, but, like the questions the novel said that all books would bring, it wasn’t answered. Fahrenheit 451 is classified as a dystopian novel — but the hold, the pull, the lure, of dystopia, is this: whatever horrible future presented to you could happen under the right circumstances; in other words, the seemingly fantastic and out-of-reach story you’re reading is, in some ways, realistic fiction. But with that definition in mind, Fahrenheit 451 doesn’t fit. There’s no way, no matter how crazy an entire population is, that under a government — not a tyrannical ruler –, people will voluntarily assign a job to the burning of books, and be able to advance as a civilization.
If you’re reading this book because it’s on your list of 100 Books to Read Before You Die, take the praise with a grain of salt. There is nothing worse than overrating a book before reading it; all you’re left with after the last page is a waste of time and bitter disappointment. But books, in a sense, are like food; they vary at people’s taste. Maybe this review has disheartened you, but if you read Fahrenheit 451 and enjoy it, there’ll be few things more rewarding than having your expectations completely shot through the [burning] roof.
- Bradbury, Ray. Fahrenheit 451. Editions Super Terrain, 2019.


The Wind in the Willows
THE TIMELESS TALE FROM THE RIVERBANK
A classic tale for kids and big kids alike, The Wind in the Willows breathes life into our favourite riverside wildlife.
Join us for a whirlwind ride through the seasons as Ratty, Mole and Badger follow the impulsive Toad on his hapless misadventures. Bringing the era back to life from the excitement and energy of the dawn of the motor car to the serene beauty of an easy river-side existence, this one-man show uses only the author's original words to tell the story afresh.


The Web Map Server Implementation Specification (WMS), originally developed and published by the Open Geospatial Consortium, was finally adopted by ISO as an international standard.
SUAS MapServer supports this specification and a few other services like 3D representation. Geo-data is converted to Well-known Text (WKT) and stored in database management system, retrieved by SUAS upon user request and transferred - optionally compressed - through the Internet for client-side visualization.
H. Li and F.-J. Behr (2009): SUAS Mapserver - An Open Source Framework for Extended Web Map and Community Services. in: Franz-Josef Behr, Dietrich Schröder, Pradeepkumar A. P. Editors, 2009): Proceedings Applied Geoinformatics for Society and Environment (AGSE 2009). Publications of the Stuttgart University of Applied Sciences, Hochschule für Technik Stuttgart, Volume 103 (2009), 317 pp., ISBN 978-3-940670-13-7 [pdf]
F.-J. Behr, Li H. (2008): SUAS MapServer - an Open Source Framework for extended Web Map Services. ISPRS 2008, Commission IV, WG IV/5, The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. Vol. XXXVII. Part B4. Beijing 2008 [pdf]


One of the most important tools that God has given us for our spiritual formation is the Bible.
The Bible contains wisdom from God that helps guide our lives.
But the Bible is more than a collection of eternal truths. If it was then all 66 books would read like Proverbs. No, the Bible is made up of a collection of different literary styles. The most common style is narrative.
As we read the Bible, we notice that there are many stories that tell us about the lives of people and their pursuit to follow God. Some of these stories are strange to our ears and don't make a lot of sense to us. This problem is made worse because we are constantly looking for the lesson from the story so we have something to apply to our lives.
When we do this, we often miss out on the real lesson that these stories teach us.
So how do we read the stories of the Bible?
It is important that we don't look at stories as isolated events that are there to teach us some eternal truth. We are to look at the whole scope of the narrative and discover how God worked in the lives of people. This gives us a better sense of what God wants us to know.
There is a central plot the runs through the story of each person that connects the individual events of there lives. Understanding this plot helps us to learn the lessons we need to be the faithful people God created us to be.
Not only is there a central plot the moves through the story of each person, but there is a central plot that connects the stories throughout the Bible. Finding this plot helps us discover that the main story of the Bible points to Jesus.
STOP — Philippians 1:12-20 Summarize Paul transitioned to updating the Philippians about his life. The main point that he wanted them to kn...
STOP — Philippians 1:1-6 Summarize Paul, along with his student Timothy, wrote a letter to the church they helped start in the city of Phili...
STOP — Philippians 1:7-11 Summarize Paul continued to explain to the Philippians why he is grateful for them and why he has so much affectio...


Details: rank: price: $30.95 bound: 594 pages publisher: HardPress Publishing (January 10, 2012) lang: English asin: isbn: 1290413703, 978-1290413701, weight: 1.7 pounds ( filesize:
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Church music in Scotland . A Selection of the Most Approved Psalm and Hymn Tunes, . with the publication of The Book of Tunes and Hymns (1913), the Scottish .If you're planning a Scottish themed wedding, here are a few Scottish wedding music ideas to help get you started . The Rowan Tree is a popular Scottish tune, .Amazon.com: The Scottish Hymnal With Tunes (1894) (9780548724088): General Assembly Of Church Of Scotland: Books . The Scottish Hymnal With .Psalm 32. Words: The Scottish Psalter. . The tunes are arranged here in order of age . "The Book of Psalms in Metre and the Scottish Hymnal" Thomas Nelson .Hymn Tunes starting with Q-T. Go to TUNES starting with: A B C D E F G H I J K L M: N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z; Tunes starting with: Q . Rowan Tree, (Scottish Melody .The Scottish Hymnal: (Appendix Incorporated) with Tunes for Use in . The Scottish Hymnal: (Appendix Incorporated) with Tunes for Use in . The Scottish Hymnal .
Scopri The Scottish Hymnal With Tunes (Classic Reprint) di General Assembly Of Church Of Scotland: .Find Scottish Tunes Here And Compare Offers From 1000s of ShopsInformation about the hymn tune YORK (Scottish). . YORK (Scottish) . Scottish Psalter, 1615: Hymnal 1982: .. Category: Hymns; Length: 577 Pages; Year: 1895. Login Join Forgotten Books Help. Advanced Search. Fiction. General; . Hymns; The Scottish Hymnal With Tunes .The Scottish Hymnal: Hymns for Public Worship, . With Tunes for the Hymns.
Hymns Found: 211 out of 700 . Dibdin's Standard Psalm Tune. Psalm 71 Scottish Psalter Melody from Scottish Psalter . infosermonaudio.com Support Us .Scottish Psalter and Paraphrases. Indexes. Authors First Lines . Tune; P1: That man hath . [This hymnal has not been proofed .Scottish Tunes : Find the Lowest Prices.The Scottish hymnal Close. The Scottish hymnal (Appendix incorporated), with tunes for use in churches; by .An Introduction to The Scottish Psalter of 1650 All . with a wide selection of tunes . (such as New Britain, the tune used for the hymn .Scottish Hymn Tunes. . an old book of hymns in Gaelic (the Scottish kind). Theyre Presbyterian or Church of Scotland or something like that.. And the Scottish Hymnal with Accompanying Tunes has 2 available editions to buy at Alibris. . The Scottish Hymnal: .Find Hymns by Hymn Tunes; Find Hymns by . Assembly and published in the Scottish Psalter of . of the Psalms in the Scottish Presbyterian Church .Contents. The Historic Hymnal Series is based on the contents of old hymnals. . Hymn and Tune Book, .Landmarks in Scottish Church Music: . (Four Centuries of Scottish Psalm Tunes, . with its successor, the first Scottish Hymnal, arriving in 1870) .
The scottish hymnal with tunes . by General Assembly of Church of Scotland. Published 1894. .Host New Scottish Hymns Band at your church. We love sharing our songs live, and are always keen to hear of opportunities to do this.Duke's Tune: Scottish Psalter, 1615 (Very similar to Winchester Old, but they are two different tunes.) .Welcome to My Presbyterian Hymnal. . My Presbyterian Hymnal . "My Presbyterian Hymnal," is dedicated to my late mother Sally and my late Scottish Great .Catalog Record: The Scottish hymnal (with appendix incorporated) . and the Scottish hymnal with accompanying tunes / By: . The Scottish hymnal .. The Scottish hymnal : (appendix incorporated) with . The Scottish hymnal : (appendix incorporated) with tunes . and the Scottish hymnal with accompanying . 2ffeafca65
Farting Animals Colouring Book for Adults: UK Pig Edition: Farting Pigs Colouring Book for Adults Filled with Paisley, Henna and Mandala Patterns
Van Gogh 2018 Calendar Not Available
A Memorial of Closing Scenes in the Life of Rev. George B. Little (Classic Reprint)
Coloured Skies 2018: Beautiful and Colourful Natural Paintings in He European Sky. the Sun and the Clouds in Harmony. (Calvendo Nature)
Perchè gli altri dimenticano (Italian Edition)
Clark Gable Movie Poster Book
Au Regard De La Faune 2018: Au Regard De La Faune, Portraits Animaliers (Calvendo Animaux) (French Edition)
Sur Les Pistes Namibiennes 2018: La Namibie En 12 Photos (Calvendo Nature) (French Edition)
Peanut and the Papa Djab (Peanut Plays)
Taylor University Catalog (Taylor University Bulletin, the Conservatory of Music), 1918, Vol. 10 (Classic Reprint)


Perpustakaan Tun Abdul Razak (UiTM Main Library)
The library was first set up in 1960 under the Rural and Industrial Development Authority (RIDA) in Petaling Jaya. In 1972 a new main library building was completed in Shah Alam and named Perpustakaan Tun Abdul Razak 1.
Perpustakaan Perubatan UiTM Kampus Selayang (UiTM Medical Library)
The medical collection was created in 2003 at PTAR 4 (Annex) to meet the needs of the faculty members. In 2005, the Hospital Selayang Library (UiTM) began its operation by sharing the premise with Hospital Selayang Library. The collection was created to cater for the clinical years students doing their clinical training at the Hospital.
When the new campus at Selayang was completed in January 2010, the Medical Library (PPUKS) started its operation in March the same year by transferring the bulk of its medical collection from the Hospital Library. Created with a "Boutique Library' concept, the environment was moulded with leisure in mind, where multi-colored stools scattered spaciously everywhere besides sofas, cozy lounge chairs alongside coffee tables arranged in clusters.


TMJ disorder isn't fun.
I've been struggling with its symptoms for years.
Before actually getting diagnosed and seeing doctors/dentists who understand what TMJ is, I had every scan you can think of.
For a time, I even convinced myself I had a brain tumor, MS, cancer - you name it, I thought I had it!
I wasted so much money on scans and tests that were totally unnecessary.
Getting a TMJ diagnosis is, in many ways, a huge relief.
So today, I thought I'd share with you several books on TMJ relief that are excellent.
Wait... I know what you're thinking!
How is a book supposed to help me with my TMJ pain?
Well, TMJ is one of those issues where testimonies can be really beneficial in helping you find better ways to cope and deal with it.
You need to hear from people who have gone through it.
In the end, the thing that helped me the most was actually hearing from other people who experienced it too.
Coping strategies, supplement advice, exercises - we've all got something to share.
So without further ado, here are the books.
1. Break Away: The New Method for Treating Chronic Headaches, Migraines, and TMJ without Medication - Dr. Frederick Abeles
If there's any book on this list that you buy, let it be this one.
Dr. Abeles, Director of the Atlanta Center for TMJ, is arguably one of the most renowned dental experts on TMJ in the world.
He's the TMJ guy.
This book isn't just an overview of TMJ and generic treatments. Rather, Dr. Abeles gives you the keys (H.E.A.L formula) to free yourself from "symptom relief" and the corrupt pharmaceutical industry that just wants to keep profiting off your pain.
Do yourself a favor and add it to your shelf.
2. The TMJ Healing Plan - Cynthia Peterson
This is an absolute gem written by a physical therapist who gets TMJ pain.
One of the most insightful and detailed books around on natural TMJ relief techniques and strategies.
She covers some really unique points that nobody else has been talking about (e.g. training your tongue(!), stress, posture, etc.).
After Break Away, this is a must-own book for TMJ sufferers.
3. TMJ Rehab: Therapeutic Workbook - Dr. Jeff Dolgos
This is quite different to the other books on this list in that it's a workbook for a 12 week TMJ rehabilitation.
That might sound a bit intense but it's highly practical.
Instead of reading a book with a bunch of facts and theory, this is a real hands-on option if you want to walk through a program and see results at the end.
Each week presents very actionable steps for self-treating your TMJ.
4. Taking Control of TMJ - Robert Uppgaard
Your Total Wellness Program for Recovering from Temporomandibular Joint Pain, Whiplash, Fibromyalgia, and Related Disorders
This is comprehensive TMJ overview from the perspective of a holistic therapist.
Robert draws some unique connections that I'd never considered before to fibromyalgia too.
His best points are on identifying and stopping bad habits and stressors which have a direct correlation to TMJ.
5. TMJ No More - Jason Bradford
IMPORTANT: This is not to be confused with a product of the same name, TMJ No More.
This book is basically a complete guide on TMJ.
It covers everything, including the causes, symptoms, and treatments for TMJ.
It even offers different recipes for food you can eat!
TMJ No More goes into topics like Yoga and hot compresses. It explains herbal remedies and how to use them.
Some of the information is readily available online with enough searching but think of TMJ No More as a convenient compendium of all the information you need.
6. Trigger Point Therapy Routine For TMJ - Annie Coomes
Written by a massage therapist and cancer survivor, this book is a gem for TMJ sufferers.
Annie shares her expertise in massage by explaining various types of TMJ-focused techniques.
For anyone looking for natural (non-medicinal) self-help, this is a good one to have.
7. TMJ, the Jaw Connection: The Overlooked Diagnosis - Greg Goddard
This one's a fairly dated book (almost two decades old!).
Treatments have definitely advanced in that time but other than that, the information is still the same.
TMJ, the Jaw Connection offers a detailed overview of TMJ and the various options available for treatment.
It looks at both medical and natural treatment options.
So there you have it!
These are some great books that will help you as a TMJ sufferer.
As always, I have to finish with a disclaimer:
Talk to your doctor before taking any advice from this article or other articles on this site. We are fellow sufferers - not doctors.
Got any other TMJ book or resource suggestions?
Head over to our Facebook page and let us know about it.


Breed Articles (will open in a new window)
- Bicolor division: A Cinderella Story - The History of Bicolor and Calico Persians (from the 1978 CFA Yearbook)
- Bicolor division: Bi-Color and Calico Persians: The 80s and 90s (from the March 1991 Cat Fanciers Almanac)
- Bicolor division: Bi-Color and Calico Persians: Past, Present, and Future (from the May 1998 Cat Fanciers Almanac)
- Bicolor division: Calico and Bi-Color Persians (from the 2011 CFA Yearbook)
- Himalayan division: The Himalayan Persian (from the May 1999 Cat Fanciers Almanac)
- Particolor division: Particolor Persians (from the May 1996 Cat Fanciers Almanac)
- Particolor division: Parti-Color Persians: Those Showgirls Sho' Know How To "Parti" (from the 2007 CFA Yearbook)
- Silver division: Silver and Golden Persians (from the May 2001 Cat Fanciers Almanac)
- Smoke division: The World of Smoke Persians (from the June 1995 Cat Fanciers Almanac)
- Solid division: Stargazing: A Historical View of Solid Color Persians (from the March 1995 Cat Fanciers Almanac)
- Solid division: Solid Color Persians Are... Solid As A Rock? (from the November 2002 Cat Fanciers Almanac)
- Tabby division: The Tabby Persian (from the October 2000 Cat Fanciers Almanac)
- So You Want To Be A Cat Breeder? by Carissa Altschul
- Color Genetics in Persians by Carissa Altschul
- The Basics of Show Grooming by Linda Berg
- Degreasing Demystified by Sue Dalangin
- Face Sculpting the Persian Head by Diane Castor
- Preparing and Showing the Persian Kitten by Diane Castor
- Grooming White Persians by Lorraine Saunders
- History of the Persian Cat, Part 1 by Anna Sadler
- The Persian Breed Booth, at Meet The Breeds 2009 by Susan Cook Henry
Note: These charts all assume that dominant colored cats and agouti tabbies are heterozgous, i.e. carrying dilute & non-agouti genes. In the case of a homozygous dominant, only dominant colored offspring would be produced, and homozygous agouti tabbies can only produce agouti tabby offspring.
- Solids and Particolors - coming soon!
- Agouti Tabbies - coming soon!
- Silvers and Goldens - coming soon!
- Shadeds and Smokes - coming soon!
- Bicolors - coming soon!
- Himalayans - coming soon!


MLS® ID: 779350
1155 Crimson Court
Waynesville, Ohio, 45068 $259,900
Pending/Show for Backup
Welcome home to the lucky new home owner! This home has SO much to offer! Drive down this quiet cut-de-sac road to find this nestled on a large fenced back yard with no rear neighbors! You will love this open floor plan that offers 4 large bedrooms, a beautiful kitchen that opens up to the great room that offers a gas fireplace. You will also love the sitting out back on a large deck! The basement has tons of potential for finishing it off! Rosewood Estates is a charming neighborhood that you will surely be thrilled to live in! Close to downtown Waynesville, the schools, library and so much more! Easy access to St. Rt. 73 that will quickly get you to I-71, St. Rt. 48, I-75 and St. Rt. 42 so getting where you need to be quickly isn't a problem!


Using the increasing digitization on the planet, digital looking at has developed into a usual. Individuals now favor looking at digital books over bodily guides for many factors. They are easy to have about, could save place, can be accessed easily, and are relatively less expensive. With the epub gratuit climb of eBooks, on-line libraries have become a trend. ZLibrary is a such on the web library that gives a wide array of digital books for free. Within this blog post, we are going to check out what ZLibrary is, the way it operates, and why it’s the perfect place for bookworms and knowledge-seekers.
ZLibrary is an online system that provides countless eBooks in several languages. It can be entirely totally free, and the best part is basically that you don’t even have to produce a merchant account to gain access to the publications. The program is not difficult to understand, and searching for a guide is hassle-cost-free. You can search by search term, name, article writer, or ISBN. The internet site includes a vast assortment of e-books starting from literature, stories, non-fiction, educative, and in many cases research papers and journals.
In addition to the wide variety of guides, ZLibrary also provides the choice to read guides on the web, or download them in the Pdf file formatting. This feature makes it easier for folks who choose studying e-books on their own units offline, like a Kindle or an apple ipad. Yet another excellent feature would be that the site has no put-up advertising, therefore you can read without any disturbance.
Moreover, if you are searching for any certain reserve that is certainly not inside their collection, you may ask for that guide, and they also combine it with their expanding variety of eBooks. This is a great characteristic for research scholars who require specific publications or literature for reports.
If you are an enthusiastic readers, ZLibrary can help you save a lot of money. As opposed to purchasing purchasing textbooks, you can get them on this site free of charge. In addition, should you be each student and demand books for the reports, this website can be a lifesaver. You have access to thousands of textbooks with no expense rapidly.
In conclusion, ZLibrary is an excellent source for folks who enjoy reading or call for books for scientific studies. The platform is easy to browse through, will allow totally free usage of countless e books, and is advertising-totally free. College students, scholars, and guide fanatics can make the most out of this program. Within a planet where access to knowledge is important, ZLibrary makes it much simpler for people to gain access to it. So, just what are you waiting for? Head over to ZLibrary and leap in a field of publications and knowledge.


Here's a Message from the Hackley Public Library:
We need your BLING! BLING is costume, vintage or precious jewelry. The Friends of the Hackely Public Library invite your donations for the Second Annual Bling Thing. Please pass along your gently used "BLING" to benefit Hackley Public Library.
Drop off your gently used BLING to benefit Hackley Public Library. Donations will be accepted at the following locations:
Hackley Public Library
316 West Western, Downtown Muskegon
560 Seminole Road, Norton Shores, Michigan
The Bling Thing is a two day event produced by the Friends of the Hackley Library, held in the ballroom of the Century Club.
On February 7th, 5 - 8 PM, a pre-sale party with wine and chocolates will allow collectors first view of the collected BLING for sale. A small five dollar donation is requested.
On February 8th, 10 - 3 PM, remaining BLING will be available for sale to the general public. The Muskegon Area Arts Council shall entertain with a fashion show of artists dressed in words and the paper upon which words are printed.


1. Layered Meanings – in Relation to the Written Word, 4th – 22nd October, West Bridgford Library Gallery, Nottingham
ArtSpace Loughborough artists have responded to exhibiting at a gallery in a library by relating their work to books and words. Most of the artists have been inspired by actual texts – from writers as diverse as Dante, Freud and Virginia Woolf. Some artists have related their work to wider aspects of the written word such as the conveying of meaning or the patterns of rhythm.
West Bridgford Library West Bridgford RoadWest Bridgford Nottingham NG26AT


The Ruisdael Observatory data archive is hosted by the KNMI Data Platform (KDP). Datasets related to Ruisdael Observatory from all sites and mobile platforms can be found on this platform. New datasets will be added continuously.
The Ruisdael Observatory adheres to the principles of Open Science and the FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable). In principle, all data is openly available to the general public. Downloading data implies that you agree with the Ruisdael data policy on the use of the data. All data gathered has the licence Creative Commons BY4.0.
KDP makes the data available via an API. Everything related to the API, for example a getting started guide, can be found on the KNMI Developer Portal of KDP.


- Greg Clingham has been appointed to the John P. Crozer Chair in English Literature at Bucknell. The Chair was established in 1865 by John P. Crozer, a Trustee of the university, and is one of the oldest Chairs of English in the world.
Bucknell in London
Greg Clingham and Janice Mann (Art History) are co-directing the Bucknell in London programme in the fall 2011. ?Looking East: British Impressions of the Orient" is an interdisciplinary program drawing upon literature, art, art history, architecture, gardens and gardening history, material culture, history, politics, economics, and philosophy so as to consider how the English reacted to various eastern cultures, especially the Chinese and the Ottomans, between the Middle Ages and the early nineteenth century. http://www.bucknell.edu/x68051.xml
- In the fall Greg has been invited to Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey to talk on the Orient, the Ottomans, and the English eighteenth century.
- ?The Enlightenment Encyclopedia and the Dream of Comprehensiveness: The Example of Samuel Johnson, ? The International Journal of the Humanities 8:4 (2010), 163-76. Electronic version
- ?Translating Memory: Dryden, Oldham, and Friendship? 1650-1850: Ideas, Aesthetics and Inquiries in the Early Modern Era, Special issue on Metaphor, ed. Mark A. Pedreira (AMS Press, 2011).
- ?Hawkins, Biography, and the Law,? in Reconsidering Biography: Contexts, Controversies, and Sir John Hawkins' ?Life of Johnson,? ed. Martine Watson Brownley (Lewisburg: Bucknell University Press, 2011).
- ?Delirious God: Reflections on the Text, the Book, and the Library,? in Precision as Profusion: Textual Studies and the Enlarged Eighteenth Century, ed. Kevin Cope and Robert Leitz III (Bucknell University Press, 2011).
Work in Progress
- ?Reading as Atonement? ? an essay exploring the ethics of reading fiction and that theorizes Ian McEwan?s narrative and historical relationship with enlightenment aesthetics; for Reading the Represented Past, ed. Nicola Parsons & Kate Mitchell (Palgrave, 2012).
- Conversation as Knowledge, a translation (with Manuel Delgado Morales) with notes and introduction, of Borges? comments on Johnson in conversation with Adolfo Bioy Cesares ? a little book destined for a trade publisher.


npm install to install all dependencies. Then follow the rest of the user
guide to configure your instance.
Creating a collection
Rotcelloc uses CSV-files that you write yourself to manage your collection. You enter your collection in the CSV file, and then configure rotcelloc to use that file. A single collection can consist of several input files, and each file gets treated as a “group”. Groups will be displayed in the interface. Rotcelloc does not enforce any organizational pattern on your files, so you’re free to handle them however you want - one way could be to have the file designating where the items are, for instance “OnShelf.csv” and “InFolder.csv” - or you can simply have a “My(Movie|Series|Game)Collection.csv”. You can enter as little or as much information in the file as you wish. Rotcelloc will do its best to retrieve the rest.
Because the files are simple CSV-files, you can easily manage them in a revision control system, such as git, your data is not locked into any one application, and can be easily converted to other formats in the future if you want to. Your collection can also be viewed and searched without any applications at all, if the need should arise.
You can use any CSV-compatible application to edit the files, everything from something as simple as vim to something as comparatively complex as LibreOffice. See the section on “CSV-file format” for information on how to lay out your files, and how to tell ie. LibreOffice to export it.
In addition to the CSV-files, Rotcelloc can also retrieve your collection automatically from Steam. This is as of now the only supported third party source for a collection. See the tools/ directory for scrapers that you can use with other services to generate one-off CSV-files for you to make it easier to bootstrap your collection. If a service you’re using is missing, feel free to write one and send a pull request.
Rotcelloc needs a configuration file to know which files to load your collection from, what kind of collection it is as well as the name of the collection. The configuration file is in the CSON format. See http://coffeescript.org/#objects_and_arrays for a quick reference.
The configuration file does not have to live in the same directory as the application. Your working directory does have to be the same directory as the config file is in when you run rotcelloc.
To get a basis file to work with, copy rotcelloc.config.cson.tpl to rotcelloc.config.cson in the directory you want to use it from, and then edit the latter file. You can add as many “collections” as you wish, and each collection can have any number of files.
When you compile the collection webapp it will be output to an “out”-subdirectory of the directory that the rotcelloc.config.cson lives in.
menuSiteTitle - this is the title that will be displayed on the top right of your site. Any text string is permitted.
maxEntriesPerRenderedPage - to not overload a browser on large collections by trying to display one thousand images at once, rotcelloc uses a form of infinite scrolling to limit the load. It only displays maxEntriesPerRenderedPage at one time, when the user is reaching the bottom of the result, it renders the next batch of the same number. A reasonable place to start is 100.
maxEntriesPerRenderedPageMobile - this is the same as the above, except this version only applies to mobile browsers. Those are often running on limited connections and generally have weaker hardware than their desktop counterparts (and they also show fewer results on-screen at a time). It is therefore useful to limit them more than desktops. A reasonable place to start is 40.
language - set this to the language you want rotcelloc to use. The supported languages can be found in i18n/. Additional translations are welcome.
deployTo - set this if you want to use rotcelloc to deploy the site (using –deploy). This is used as the target for rsync. Be careful with the target, all other files in the deployment target will be deleted. It can be a remote target in the form remote:/directory or a local target in the form /directory. If you don’t want to use –deploy, you can either delete this entry, or set it to null.
The name of a collection is its key. Its value is another object/hash of key-value pairs. The following keys are permitted:
“type” (required) - this key which defines what kind of collection it is. These can be “movies”, “series”, “games” or “books”. This is needed because it tells rotcelloc how to retrieve metadata information.
“defaultSort” (optional) - this key sets the default sorting for this collection. It accepts “year” and “rating”. If this is not set then it will be automatic (which is “alphanumeric” sorting for collections without any disneyClassicNo, and a special disney classic sorting + alphanumeric for those that have disneyClassicNo entries).
“sources” (required) - this is an array that lists all files that are to be included into this collection. Each array entry can contain the following keys:
- “source” (optional) - the source to load from. Defaults to “file”. Can also be “steam”.
- “file” (required when source=file) - the path to the file to load
- “user” (required when source=steam) - the name of the Steam community profile to load the collection from
- “name” (required) - the name to call this group of collection entries
- “disneySort” (optional) - boolean, defaults to false. Enable or disable disneyClassicNo-style sorting.
- “contentType” (optional) - string. Set this to “anime” to include links to animenfo for all entries from this file. The default is no contentType, in which case animenfo entries are not included.
See the examples/ directory for examples of more advanced configurations.
rotcelloc expects a ;-separated CSV file. You can have comments in the file if you want, using a hash (#). All columns are optional except for the title. The column titles are case insensitive (will all be converted to lowercase internally). You can add any columns you wish and Rotcelloc will simply ignore any it does not know what to do about.
Columns valid for all types
title - The title of the item (ie. game, movie or TV series title)
origTitle - The original title of the item (ie. if the title is localized. Not required, but can make it easier to download metadata)
altTitle - An alternate title for the item (ie. the English title if the origTitle is not in English, and the title is localized. Having this can make it easier to download metadata in these cases)
year - the year the item was released (while not required, it is a recommended field as it makes the metadata extractor much more accurate).
genre - a comma-separated list of genres.
rotcelloc can also be configured to
generate this from the downloaded metadata by setting a key in the config.
note - a generic text field for additional information you want to be displayed with the entry. This field is searchable in the webapp.
rating - your custom rating for this entry (1-6)
customCover - a complete URL for a HTTP resource to download the cover for this
item from. If omitted the cover will be auto-detected. This field can be useful
in the few cases where
rotcelloc is unable to find a cover on its own.
added - an ISO 8601 date for when you added this item to your collection. This field is completely optional.
Columns only valid for movies and TV series
seasons - a comman-separated list of the seasons of a TV series that you own
imdbID - the IMDB id for this item. This is to help
rotcelloc find metadata
for the item, or force it to use a certain entry if it detects the wrong one.
As we use the TMDB, if this is omitted we will do what we can to autodetect it
using TMDB (which usually works very well).
actors - a list of actors for the item, will be extracted from metadata if omitted
disneyClassicNo - this is a special entry, it sets the «Disney Classics» number. It is used to provide special sorting for Disney Classics, and to display the number.
format - the format of the item, ie. BluRay, DVD. Can be a comma-separated list if you have the item in multiple formats.
watched - a boolean, set to “yes” if you have watched the title or “no” if you haven’t. Can be omitted. Having at least one watched=no entry allows filtering for “titles you have not watched” in the webapp.
Columns only valid for games
platform - which platform the game is on, ie. Linux, Windows, PS3, Vita.
format - the format of the game, ie. DVD, Steam, GOG, PSN, BluRay etc.
Columns only valid for books
author - the book author(s)
publisher - the book publisher
language** - the language your copy of the book is in
Standing on the shoulders of giants
rotcelloc uses a huge amount of libraries and metadata soures, and wouldn’t be possible without them.
TMDB - The Movie Database. Used for all movie and TV series metadata and posters.
TheGamesDB.net. Used for game metadata and posters.
Steam. Used to retrieve metadata on Steam games and fallback game posters.
rotcelloc uses many libraries, not all are listed here. See the source for
the others. Thanks for making great libraries available as free software.
Bootstrap - used for the layout for the webapp.
csv-parse - used to parse the CSV files.
wait.for - used to convert async libraries to synchronous
commander - used to parse command-line parameters
ejs - used for templating
UglifyJS - used to minify JS
SASS - used to compile SCSS to CSS
jQuery - used for DOM-traversal and manipulation in the webapp
lodash - used for various utility functions in both the command-line and web apps
Thanks to Lisbeth Helen Storebø and Helene Hemstad for ongoing feedback and testing.
Copyright © Eskild Hustvedt 2015-2017
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License along with this program. If not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.


This book offers a comprehensive, step-by-step approach to the college search process for any athlete. It specifically examines softball at the collegiate level and helps you determine both your collegiate goals and the type of team you could play for. It covers NCAA and NAIA academic and recruiting guidelines and discusses what you should do to get ready to play in college.
The book also explores in detail how and when to contact coaches, tells you what questions to ask once the recruiting process begins, and provides useful tips for marketing yourself to colleges, including how to develop a resume and letter of introduction and how to make an effective skills video.
In addition, Preparing to Play Softball at the Collegiate Level tells you what to expect during the recruiting process, what to consider when choosing a community college, and takes an in-depth look at scholarships and financial aid. It also includes a list of colleges around the country with softball teams and information about each program.
This book is updated annually and is considered by college softball coaches everywhere to be the single best recruiting resource available for college-bound athletes and their families. It will also be tremendously useful for youth coaches and guidance counselors who want to help their softball players find both the colleges and the teams that are right for them.
“Many student-athletes dream of playing at the ‘next level.’ However, to play at the ‘next level,’ one must navigate the recruiting process. This process can be both exciting and challenging, as the recruiting landscape changes at a very fast pace. Cathi Aradi’s book helps differentiate the myths and truths of recruiting, and most importantly, helps break down complex rules into practical applications for parents and players.” - Carol Bruggeman, Executive Director, National Fastpitch Coaches Assoc.
"The NFCA chose to endorse Cathi Aradi's book because it is a great tool for parents and players to use as they go through the collegiate recruiting process." - Lacy Lee Baker, Former Executive Director, National Fastpitch Coaches Assoc.
“Coaches call Preparing to Play Softball at the Collegiate Level the “Bible of Fastpitch Recruiting.” Students Sports Softball.com, now FloSoftball.com!
The book sells for $34.95 plus $6.00 S/H (discount for NFCA members.)
• To order by mail, write the NFCA at 2641 Grinstead Drive, Louisville, KY 40206.
• To order over the phone, call the National Fastpitch Coaches Assoc. (NFCA) at 502-409-4600
• To order on-line go to www.nfca.org and visit their online store. **
• Click to download a book brochure or email firstname.lastname@example.org.
** Note: If you can't order the book in the NFCA online store, please phone them at 502-409-4600. Thanks!
© Collegiate Softball Connection 2018
PREPARING TO PLAY SOFTBALL AT THE COLLEGIATE LEVEL
by Catharine Aradi
Click here to read a few sample pages.
The 2018 Edition is available at www.nfca.org
Bulk order discounts are available! Great for youth teams.


Policy Based Governance
Policy Based Governance - A Resource for Unitarian Universalist Congregations
Developed by John Carver, Policy Governance addresses numerous board conundrums—interminable meetings, overloaded agendas, vague accountability, micromanagement, and loss of vision! Policy Governance® is the registered service mark of John Carver. The authoritative website for the Policy Governance model can be found at Carver Governance.
While Unitarian Universalist congregations have studied and used the concepts of Policy Governance® developed by John and Miriam Carver, they have adapted it to their circumstances, and so these applications cannot be deemed Policy Governance.
/Links to congregations' policies and support documents
/Ideas from the Governance list - A variety of answers to questions you might have.
Join the email discussion list policygovernance-L Click on this link and fill in the form. This is a UUA email list dedicated to the discussion of the Policy Governance model of board governance in UU congregations, its implementation, variations, and challenges. This list is for anyone including ordained ministers, lay leaders, and members of all sizes and shapes of UU congregations with an interest in Policy Governance.