THE COMPASSION REVOLUTION
Being kind to others is basic to our true nature, and now is the time to return to our innate kind self. This book guides you through thirty days of self-love, peace, and compassion for yourself and the planet. With uplifting stories, contemplation prompts, meditation, quizzes, and other fun activities, you will immerse yourself in compassion while drawing inspiration from Amy Leigh Mercree’s positive perspective. The Compassion Revolution includes practical tips like technology curfews, personal dance parties, and rewiring your brain and body, and it includes built-in social media hashtags and quotes, so readers can connect with the whole compassion movement.
Buy the Book
“Get ready to set your compassion compass to it’s true north. This is a soul stirring and spiritually satisfying read.” – Emma Mildon, best selling author of The Soul Searcher’s handbook
“The Compassion Revolution is a beautiful book that’ll inspire profound change in your life, on every level. It’ll invite you to speak to yourself and others with more gentleness, relate to yourself and others with more kindness, and show up in the world for yourself and others in a more loving and mindful way. It’s time to embrace self-compassion, and this book will help you do just that, and so much more.” – Cassie Mendoza-Jones, author of You Are Enough
“I am a huge fan of Amy Leigh Mercree. She’s my go-to guide for getting unstuck and reaching new levels of happiness. Amy is the most joy filled, loving teacher I know. She will light your day with authentic power so you can live your full potential. Make no mistake, Amy and this book will transform your life in extraordinary ways.” – Shannon Kaiser, Joy Guru, best-selling author of Adventures for Your Soul
“Amy’s book is a literary light that will help illuminate the path to personal greatness.” – Sheila Kelley, actress, TedX Speaker, author
“Amy Leigh Mercree is on a passionate mission to support you in your quest to live life to the fullest! She’s your cheerleader plus your guide to access the deepest truths within your soul.” – Kristi Ling, Author of Operation Happiness: The 3-Step Plan to Creating a Life of Lasting Joy, Abundant Energy, and Radical Bliss
Amy Leigh Mercree’s motto is “Live joy. Be kind. Love unconditionally.” She counsels women and men in the underrated art of self-love to create happier lives. Amy is a bestselling author, media personality, and medical intuitive. Mercree speaks internationally focusing on kindness, joy, and wellness.
Mercree is the bestselling author of “The Spiritual Girl’s Guide to Dating: Your Enlightened Path to Love, Sex, and Soul Mates,” “A Little Bit of Chakras: An Introduction to Energy Healing,” “Joyful Living: 101 Ways to Transform Your Spirit and Revitalize Your Life,” “The Chakras and Crystals Cookbook: Juices, Sorbets, Smoothies, Salads, and Crystal Infusions to Empower Your Energy Centers,” and “The Compassion Revolution: 30 Days of Living from the Heart.”
Mercree has been featured in Glamour Magazine, Women’s Health, Inc. Magazine, Shape, The Huffington Post, Your Tango, Soul and Spirit Magazine, Mind Body Green and many more.
Check out AmyLeighMercree.com for articles, picture quotes and quizzes. Mercree is fast becoming one of the most quoted women on the web. See what all the buzz is about @AmyLeighMercree on Twitter, Snapchat and Instagram.


Note: intelligent people generally read a lot. There are many ways to read a book. Authors read for story arc’s, character profile and emotional connection.
Many people learn from textbooks, but for general reading, here is a good list I found on how high IQ people read:
1) Find a personal angle: You need to relate to what you’re reading
2) Get a bird’s eye view: Get the basic outline of the book by skimming through the table of contents (and the rest of the book); try finding a central theme
3) Drum up curiosity: Draft a few “curiosity questions” based on the theme; consider these questions as you read the book
4) Create your own structure: Identify key points in the book and leave space for you to take in-depth notes
5) Record key insights: Take in-depth notes based on the elements you mentioned in Step 4; think about what the “Takeaway Message” is.
6) Review your notes: Now that you have a summary you have created in your own words, it’s now time to review; try to remember the details related to the messages you recorded 10 minutes, 2 days, 1 week after finishing the book.
7) Repeat with another book.
Here is the link to this list.


Top Trance Bundle Volume 3
Author: Soundclan Music
Soundclan Music recaps and brings together a large set of sounds for musicians in the trance music genre.
We have prepared packs for different styles of trance such as uplifting trance, progressive trance, tech trance, psychedelic trance, epic trance and other styles of dance music.
You will find a wide variety of presets for the Spire synthesizer and Sylenth1 and Dune virtual synthesizers, sets of construction kits and MIDI kits, MIDI files, stems.
You will also find 2 free additional packs for your wonderful tracks and experiments. Your collection will be replenished with excellent and professional libraries from Soundclan Music.
So, what this bundle includes:
Spire Power Uplifting Trance Essentials
Dream Epic Trance
Spire Tech Trance Essentials
+ 2 free packs and secret bonus
6 x Construction KITS (WAV, Stems, MIDI & Presets for Spire, Sylenth1, Dune 2);
20 x MIDI Construction KITS (MIDI & Presets for Spire);
508 x Spire Presets (Bank File);
19 x Sylenth1 Presets (Bank File);
4 x Dune 2 Presets;
330 x MIDI Files;
113 x Stems Files (WAV, 24-Bit);
137 x Total Files (WAV, 24-Bit);
2.74 GB Zipped / 6.21 GB Unzipped;
Reveal Sound Spire, not earlier version 1.5.11;
Lennar Digital Sylenth1, not earlier version 2.21;
Synapse Dune 2, not earlier version 2.5.


Combining ancient myths and symbols with original art, this boxed set of 52 soulfully illustrated cards is accompanied by a booklet to guide you through understanding the mythology, interpretation, and divination.
Learn more about the Goddesses, Gods, and symbols that were the core for this deeply spiritual culture.
Each card is a work of art from Ramona Teo, bringing new life to Ancient Mexican cosmology.
Mayahuel comes into our lives and invites us to take a break from our drama and return to the basic things that we need to do in order to survive, like sleep, food, water, movement, and elimination. She invites us to connect with the opulence and fullness of our life. When you decide that you want to continue, she is there to nurture you. And when you are ready to give life, she is there to protect you.
Tlazolteotl provides you the opportunity to be born again, to begin anew. When you are ready to confront your fears and insecurities, and the difficulties in your life, and when you are ready to take responsibility for them, you can ask Tlazolteotl to take away all of your past garbage, your “baggage,” your filth. She embodies the archetype of the warrior, giving you the strength to face your fears and move forward with your life.


Complicated Endings: Redemption for the Wicked Witch of the West
Updated: Feb 24
“Are you a good witch or a bad witch?” “I’m not a witch at all. Witches are old and ugly!”
The Wizard of Oz narrative has permeated American popular culture since L. Frank Baum first transported young readers to the magical land of Oz in his 1900 children’s book, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz.Baum’s fairy tale has grown into an immediately recognizable popular culture icon and in the century since its first publication, the Wizard of Oz tale has been adapted, revised, and reinvented countless times, repeatedly negotiating and recasting the key themes of gender, race, home, and magic within the story. In the scores of revisions and reinventions of Oz over the past one hundred plus years, many details of the story have been changed and challenged, though a few core elements have remained, including the central cast of characters and the recurring themes of gender, race, home, and magic.
In October 2003, the Stephen Schwartz & Winnie Holtzman Musical Wicked opened on Broadway. An adaptation of the 1995 novel Wicked: The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West, this musical recasts the iconic character of The Wicked Witch of the West as a protagonist, following her through her college years, early adulthood and ending shortly after Dorothy douses her with water. This musical (and it’s source material) is the most recent Broadway reframing of the beloved 1939 MGM musical film The Wizard of Oz, which is itselfa reframing of the novel by L. Frank Baum. This movie follows Dorothy from Kansas to the strange land of Oz, there she makes new friends: The Scarecrow, The Tinman, and The Cowardly Lion; but she also makes an enemy out of The Wicked Witch of the West.
I will analyze how the image of the Wicked Witch of the West has changed over the years and complicated the good versus evil dichotomy by focusing on the differences and similarities between this character as presented in The Wizard of Oz versus Wicked. I will look at her appearance, both inherent and acquired. Her relationships with other characters in the stories. And her reception, both by her fellow characters as well as the audience.
Oxford defines Heroine as “a woman admired for her courage, outstanding achievements, or noble qualities.” It goes on to define it as “The chief female character in a book, play, or film, who is typically identified with good qualities, and with whom the reader is expected to sympathize.” Furthermore, in mythology and folklore, it is “a woman of superhuman qualities and often semi-divine origin, in particular one whose deeds were the subject of ancient Greek myths.”
Wicked’s Elphaba embodies all three of these definitions in some way. She is a noble, well-meaning young woman who regularly puts the needs of the stories other characters before her own. Throughout the course of the play, we see her taking care of her disabled sister, advocating for her roommate to be accepted into a class that she wants to take, advocating for Animal rights, and crusading against a tyrannical government leader. The audience is highly sympathetic with her and has sparked a fan base of empowered young women who have used her as a role model.
In her book The Wizard of Oz as an American Myth, Alissa Burger goes into great detail over the ways in which L. Frank Baum’s original story and its many incarnations serve as an American version of mythology in the same way that Fairy Tales serve this purpose in England and stories of the Gods in Greece. She says, “as the first uniquely American fairy tale, Baum’s Wonderful Wizard of Oz occupies a privileged position of American myth, embodying the character of the nation at the beginning of the twentieth century and ideologically defining the nature of the ideal American citizen as possessing the qualities of adventurousness, empathy, intellect, courage, and the desire for self-improvement.”
Approximately 50 minutes into any production of Wicked, Elphaba and her classmates are presented with a professor who is mistreating a Lion Cub in order to prevent him from learning to become a Sentient Animal. Elphaba argues for his humane handling and in her frustration reveals her superhuman qualities to help him escape.
The Wizard of Oz’s depiction of The Wicked Witch of the West has set the standard for the American understanding of what a witch looks like. Because of Margaret Hamilton’s portrayal of this character a standard was set. This version of The Wicked Witch of the West is ugly, possessing green skin, a long-crooked nose, and no concern for make-up. She wears all black – including the iconic pointed witch hat. She flies on a broomstick, can apparat and disparate in a puff of smoke & fire, and has a cackling laugh that will send shivers down your spine.
The American Film Institute lists The Wizard of Oz’s Wicked Witch of the West as the fourth greatest villain of all time. She is said to have struck fear into the hearts of every child since her appearance in 1939 and is the gold standard for the look and behavior of all evil witches after her. This is not a character who we love to hate, this is a character who is universally feared. Likewise, the other characters in the movie seem to fear her just as much as the audience. The only exception seems to be Glinda (who appears to believe that she is more powerful than the Wicked Witch), and her flying monkeys who behave as an obedient pet.
In Wicked, Elphaba is modeled after the 1939 version of the character. She too has green skin, but we learn that this is the result of a birth defect. Despite her verdigris, Elphaba is depicted as an attractive woman, even sexualized at times. She has a perfectly normally shaped nose without any warts, and wears makeup to enhance her features. As in The Wizard of Oz, fashion plays a major role in defining Elphaba’s appearance. In the beginning of the play, she is seen in dark, drab skirts and sweaters, as the play progresses, she is seen in a variety of clothing (even white).
Elphaba’s hat also plays a central role in her use of fashion. Shortly after their first meeting, Glinda offers Elphaba an iconic witch’s hat to wear to a party, intending to embarrass her roommate by making her appear hopelessly out of fashion. However, instead of being mortified, Elphaba reasserts her individuality and confidence taking to the dance floor, where she is soon joined by a repentant Glinda. Elphaba claims the has as a personal signature, a constant staple of her wardrobe that positions her within the culturally recognizable image of the witch. At the end of Act I, Elphaba discovers her ability to fly on a broomstick, from that point on, this seems to be her primary means of transportation; she is never seen coming-and-going in a puff of smoke.
In The Wizard of Oz, we are told to dislike the Wicked Witch of the West before we ever see her. “Are you a good witch or a bad witch?” Glinda asks Dorothy. Dorothy’s response? “Witches are old and ugly!” “Only bad witches are ugly,” Glinda assures us. In the telling of this tale, we are given assurance on no uncertain terms that even in this technicolor landscape, white people are beautiful and good, and not-white people of bad and ugly.
Then the witch shows up: not only is she ugly, but her skin is also green, and she is a strong woman. She immediately demands to know who killed her sister. (This seems like a reasonable request.) From this point on, the crux of the tension between Dorothy and the Witch centers around the fact that Dorothy killed the Witches sister and stole her shoes & Dorothy refuses to give the shoes back.
Given the narrative of today, I wonder how this story would progress if it had been the witch who accidentally killed Dorothy’s sister and stole her shoes. Would she have been given a chance to explain? Could she have been given time to give them back? Would she have lived to see what was at the end of the yellow brick road?
One of the most obvious differences between the two versions of this character lies in the company that she keeps. The Wizard of Oz’s Wicked Witch of the West seems to only be granted the company of an army of Winki Soldiers, another non-white race (who we later learn are enchanted to protect her), and some flying monkeys. When we first meet her, we are aware that Dorothy has just dropped a house on her sister; however, we are given no indication of the type of relationship the two sisters had before the tragedy.
Conversely, Wicked’s Elphaba enjoys a host of friends and close acquaintances. Her best friend from college will become Glinda the good. This is a life-long friendship even when it is forced to be kept secret. She has a passionate romance with another schoolmate, Fiyero, who eventually leaves the Wizard’s army to run away with her at the end of the play. We see a loving and caring relationship between Elphaba and her sister, Nessarose, until they have a falling out shortly before Nessarose’s death. The guilt of having never been able to rekindle this relationship is used to explain the anger at Dorothy taking Nessarose’s shoes. Some other notable relationships include Dr. Dillamond & Madame Morible, professors at the University, and The Wizard of Oz himself before she discovers that he is a bad man.
This character is narratively, as well as visually, coded first and foremost in terms of her difference. Wicked takes on the task decoupling “difference” from “bad” by humanizing her and showing us people who she loves and who love her. In the, nearly, twenty years since the premiere of this musical, there has been a change in perception around who this person known as “The Wicked Witch of the West” is. Alissa Burger writes, “The range of this embrace of the Other is most clearly visible in teen girl’s responses to the musical and their critical engagement as fans and viewers with the characters on stage, a response which, in regard to Broadway musicals, seems to be almost exclusively focused on Wicked.” Theatrical commentator Stacy Wolfe says Elphaba’s awkward outward difference signifies her internal difference and both render her sympathetic to almost all fans; there is a thriving internet community of young women engaging with the musical who arguably feel empowered by the musical and by their relationship to it in embracing the beauty of difference and Otherness represented by Elphaba.
There is a mixed reaction to her among her fellow characters, she has strong friends and allies in Glinda and Fiyero, but the Wizard has labeled her an enemy of the state and many fear or distrust her by the end of the show. In the beginning of the show, she is seen by many as an outcast, but not as wicked or evil. As I discussed earlier, this show is a reimagining of a film that is a reimagining of a book that is widely thought of as the first uniquely American fairy tale, and in it we see lessons to be passed down about proper behavior and who can be an acceptable citizen.
In the near 100 years that have passed since this movie was released, the American public has gone through many changes and understandings. Strong women are now celebrated and equal rights are demanded. A character who was once the embodiment of the Other, a non-white, strong, outspoken woman something at the time to be feared eventually became recast as the heroine of her own story. This revived Wicked Witch is given a real name, we see her suffer losses, fall in and out of love, and struggle to find herself. We root for her, and in the end when we learn that the water didn’t actually kill her the audience cheers with relief and delight.
The Broadway Musical Wicked opened 64 years after the release of The Wizard of Oz to massive crowds accepting this new heroine. Willing to believe that someone labeled different or “Other” could be the hero, could be an advocate for good. Only 5 years after the opening of wicked, two more national figures labeled “Other” were battling for the nomination to be president of the United States. One of those people was a strong woman, the other not white. I don’t think that it is a coincidence that societies willingness to accept “the Other” as a hero coincided with societies willingness to accept “the Other” as our Commander in Chief.
Unfortunately, outside of the narratives told on the stage, the struggle for equality in casting is very real. While on stage, a story is being told that advocates for the voices of the oppressed and encourages political upheaval for the betterment of all people. “Since its opening in 2003, Elphaba has never been played by a black woman full-time in the United States.” After more than a year canceled performances during which the United States and the world has gone through a deep reckoning with our uncomfortable history with racial inequality, on August 25, 2021, it was announced that when they resume performances on September 14, 2021, Elphaba will once again be played by a white woman.
In a show that preaches the importance of inclusion and acceptance, a narrative that tells the story of how difference can be the perfect ingredient for making the world bette,r we continue to see the mistreatment and dismissal of the other. It brings to mind a church who preaches the gloriously inclusive message promised by the Gospel, while only permitting straight white men to preach. This hypocritical messaging plagues our country, our entertainment, our politics, and our faith. And still, it seems the goal is unattainable.
The Wizard of Oz (Metro Goldwyn Mayer presents, 1939).


There’s a delicate balance when it comes to the best study spot: You need a place that’s comfortable without being so relaxing that you end up falling asleep. For some people, that means working at a desk. Others do better on the couch or at the kitchen table. Your bed, on the other hand, may be too comfy. Surrounding yourself with peace and quiet helps you focus. If your kids are being loud or there’s construction going on outside your window, you might need to relocate to an upstairs bedroom, a quiet cafe or your local library.


Speare’s second novel, The Witch of Blackbird Pond, is a romantic, historical tale about a young girl’s rebellion against bigotry and her Puritan surroundings. Kit is a free-spirited sixteen-year-old colonial girl from Barbados who comes to live with relatives in the solemn, hard-working town of Wethersfield, Connecticut. Kit feels trapped and lonely in her new life until the day she finds refuge in the Meadows. There she meets an old Quaker woman named Hannah, who is known as the Witch of Blackbird Pond. Uncle Matthew forbids Kit to see Hannah, but Kit persists in visiting her friend and even helps an abused child named Prudence find solace there. When an epidemic causes the townspeople to go after Hannah for practicing witchcraft, Kit helps her escape. Then Kit herself becomes the subject of the witch hunt. Her incarceration and trial force her to reexamine her feelings towards two young men and her future. In the end, Kit must choose the direction her life will take.


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The UMD Archives & Special Collections contains thousands of photographs related to local and regional history, as well as the history of UMD. Some of these photographs have been digitized and are available online, but many are only available as physical prints and negatives.
Use this guide to:
Find links to digitized photograph collections
Learn about some of our large collections of local history photographs
Learn how to access photographs related to the history of UMD
Contact us with questions about finding photographs


Sit back, relax and read for three exciting days
We are an international celebration of reading and writing
Meet the authors and enjoy our open reading room
You are welcome to take part in talks, games, fun and relaxation
Our events at 31, Emilii Plater Street are open.
BRAND NEW DEAL?
Charles Kings discusses history of cities and the future of world politics.
SAT, 24th June, Noon, Auditorium Medium
AN ENGLISH PASSENGER
Mattew Kneale talks on languages and travels in search of Garden of Eden.
SAT, 24th June, 2 p.m., Auditorium Medium
GAME TIME: LIBRARY AT STAKE
Cheer authors and journalists giving their best in a charity basketball play-off.
SAT, 24th June, 3 p.m., Court
AN EVENING WITH A POET
Inua Ellams reads from his poems of migration, identity and the city.
SAT, 24th June, 6 p.m., Experimental Room
THE INSANE AND THE MELANCHOLY
Ece Temelkuran discusses repression and dissent in modern Turkey.
SAT, 24th June, 6 p.m., Auditorium Maximum
HYGGE. INTRODUCTION TO HAPPINESS
Marie Tourell Søderberg shares the art of leading a good life.
SUN, 25th June, Noon, Auditorium Mediu
LOVE IN THE TIME OF PARANOIA
Stefan Hertmans discusses feelings and trust in fear stricken Europe.
SUN, 25th June, 2 p.m., Auditorium Medium
HOW TO SURVIVE IN A POST-TRUTH WORLD?
Claire Armitstead considers truths of literature and the future of reading.
SUN, 25th June, 4 p.m., Auditorium Medium
CHEMISTRY OF DEATH
Bestselling author Simon Becket explains thrills behind the flesh and bone.
SUN, 25th June, 4 p.m., Auditorium Maximum
THE ANIMAL SPIRIT
Bernd Heinrich takes us through the mysteries of forest creatures.
SUN, 25th June, 6 p.m., Auditorium Medium
Laurie Penny talks burning issues of today and tomorrow.
SUN, 25th June, 6 p.m., Experimental Room


The history of smoking
Smoking has a long and storied history, dating back thousands of years to ancient civilizations like the Mayans and the Aztecs. Over time, smoking has been used for a wide range of purposes, from religious ceremonies and medicinal practices to social gatherings and personal relaxation. Here, we explore the fascinating history of smoking and its evolution over time.
One of the earliest recorded uses of smoking comes from the Mayan civilization, which inhabited what is now Mexico and Central America from around 2000 BC to 900 AD. The Mayans were known to use tobacco in their religious ceremonies, and they also believed that smoking could have medicinal benefits, such as easing toothaches and other ailments.
Similarly, the Aztecs, who lived in what is now Mexico from the 14th to the 16th century, also used smoking in their religious rituals. They believed that smoking tobacco could bring them closer to the gods and help them communicate with the spiritual realm.
In the centuries that followed, smoking spread to other parts of the world. By the 16th century, tobacco was being cultivated in Europe, and smoking had become a popular pastime among the upper classes. However, smoking was not yet associated with relaxation or stress relief, but rather with social status and sophistication.
According to Dr. Matthew J. Rossheim, a researcher at George Mason University, “Smoking has always been a social activity, from the ancient Mayans to the European aristocracy. It was seen as a way to demonstrate wealth and status, rather than as a means of relaxation or stress relief.”
It wasn’t until the 20th century that smoking became associated with relaxation and stress relief, particularly in the United States. During World War I and World War II, soldiers were often given cigarettes as part of their rations, and smoking became a way for them to bond with one another and ease their stress in the midst of battle.
After the wars, smoking continued to be associated with relaxation and stress relief, particularly among men. According to Dr. Rossheim, “Smoking became part of the American cultural fabric, particularly among men. It was seen as a way to relax and unwind after a long day at work, or to bond with friends over a shared activity.”
Throughout the latter half of the 20th century, smoking continued to be popular, with many people enjoying it as a way to relax and unwind. However, as more and more research was conducted on the health risks associated with smoking, attitudes began to shift.
In 1964, the Surgeon General of the United States released a report linking smoking to lung cancer and other health problems. This report helped to raise public awareness about the dangers of smoking, and led to a decline in smoking rates over the following decades.
Despite this decline, smoking has continued to be a popular pastime for some, particularly in certain parts of the world. In countries like China and India, smoking is still seen as a way to bond with friends and colleagues, and is often associated with masculinity and strength.
However, as Dr. Rossheim notes, “The idea that smoking is a way to relax or relieve stress is increasingly being challenged by public health campaigns and anti-smoking initiatives. The reality is that smoking is a harmful and addictive habit, and there are many other ways to relax and unwind that are much safer and healthier.”
Indeed, as more and more research is conducted on the dangers of smoking, it is becoming increasingly clear that smoking is a habit that should be avoided. While it may have a long and fascinating history, smoking is ultimately a dangerous and harmful practice that can have serious health consequences. As such, it is important to explore alternative methods for relaxation and stress relief, such as exercise, meditation, and spending time in nature. These practices have been shown to have numerous


Spanish illustrator and writer Agustín Ferrer Casas has designed a graphic novel about 20th-century modernist Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, featuring a prologue written by British architect Norman Foster.
The 176-web page Mies is a Spanish graphic novel outlining the life and profession of the modernist architect, such as his time spent at the Bauhaus, fleeing Nazi Germany, and continuing his profession in US city Chicago.
Developed by Agustín Ferrer Casas, an artist who lives in Spain, the project characteristics dozens of architectural illustrations of Mies’ projects.
In the comic, Casas illustrates important moments in the architect’s life, some of which are created to be bigger than life, alongside some of his most popular buildings. It does not claim to be a biography.
“It is a fictional biography of his life, primarily based on quite a few writings by a lot of other authors and Mies himself,” Casas wrote in a blogpost. “And I say fiction since in this book, I attempt to show not only component of his operate but life, the character of the architect. What created him a fantastic architect and what he left behind in his ambition to create.”
British architect Norman Foster of Foster + Partners also wrote a prologue for the book, noting his time admiring Mies’ projects himself in New York City and Chicago.
“Mies van der Rohe is 1 of a handful of architects of the 20th century who has helped shape the architecture of the present and arguably that of the future,” Foster mentioned.
“The stories behind these projects and a lot more, such as insights into his profession as a teacher as properly as practising architect, are elegantly and wittingly portraying in this outstanding comic format,” he concluded.
Important functions function in the graphic novel are the Barcelona Pavilion in 1929, featuring marble walls and sensuous sculpture, and when the architect was forced to close the Bauhaus college in 1933 with the onset of Nazi rule.
Yet another notable moment is Mies’ time spent at Villa Tugendhat in Brno, which he completed in 1930. Following this, the villa was seized and bombarded by the Nazis.
Other important pieces illustrated in the graphic novel consist of his operate in building Chicago, such as some of the city’s most recognisable 20th-century architecture and his stint as head of the architecture college at the Armour Institute of Technologies, now the Illinois Institute of Technologies, in the 1960s.
One particular of his most notable functions in America is Farnsworth Property, a single-story dwelling wrapped in glass in Illinois, constructed in 1951.
Casas initial began the Mies graphic novel 2015, and it is published by Graphite Editorial. It is also presented at the Mies Pavilion in Barcelona, managed by the Fundació Mies van der Rohe.
The release coincides with 3 anniversaries associated to Mies in 2019: the 50th anniversary of his death the 90 years of the building of his German Pavilion for the Universal Exposition of Barcelona in 1929 and the centenary of the creation of the Bauhaus college.
This year is a seminal year for the Bauhaus, as properly as the architect, and Dezeen has launched the Bauhaus 100 initiative celebrating the college.
Aside from what is outlined in the book, Mies had a diverse and lengthy profession.
Typically referred to as Mies, his surname, he was born in Aachen in 1886 and died in Chicago in 1969, aged 83.
Following initial studying as an architect and operating closely with Le Corbusier and Walter Gropius, he went on to serve as the final director of the Bauhaus in 1930 in Dessau. He closed institution in Berlin in 1933 just after it was raided by the Gestapo.
The architect fled his homeland in 1937 for Chicago, exactly where he spent 3 decades practising as an architect. Important functions consist of IBM Plaza, with its towering black, linear building, and the residential towers of 860–880 Lake Shore Drive.
Photos courtesy of Agustín Ferrer Casas.


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How Georgia Became O’Keeffe, by Karen Karbo
Night Letter, by Sterling Watson
Of Sorrow and Such, by Angela Slatter
Lisey’s Story, by Stephen King
Refuse to Be Done, by Matt Bell
The Change series, by S.M. Stirling
Violeta, by Isabel Allende
My rating: 5 of 5 stars
How Georgia Became O’Keeffe: Lessons On The Art Of Living is part biography, part entertaining life-lessons. Karen Karbo‘s writing style is quirky, she’s your fun friend talking to you over a glass of wine and making you laugh. The “lessons” are from Karbo’s own life, deftly presented as personal commentary, including witty asides (footnotes).
I highly recommend How Georgia Became O’Keeffe for the story of the artist who became a towering icon of the art world, a woman of passion and self-discipline who succeeded in being fully herself in an era when women were to be seen but not heard. O’Keeffe would do well as a role model for any creative person, but especially for anyone who who understands that the most valuable and powerful possession she possesses is her own Self.
Night Letter, by Sterling Watson, would be an ugly, uncomfortable read if it wasn’t for the brilliance of Watson’s skill with language. His descriptive passages are painted with dense and evocative strokes, capturing the sweaty, bug-ridden lushness of a Florida with societal class rules of the late sixties.
The folks who live and work in the town that Travis Hollister has returned to after six years of reform school have compelling histories and powerful desires that both limit and draw the teenager. He wants to return to the life and the sexual/emotional relationship he’d been ripped away from, but he’s seventeen now and nobody is the same anymore,especially Travis himself.
Travis is hard to like but impossible to give up on. His reasons for his actions may not be yours or mine, but they make emotional sense even as the we cry out No, don’t go there! because life is so often like that: dark, but never so easy as black and white and therefore messy. Night Letter is no fairy tale with the reassurance of a happily after ever and in that way it’s just like real life.
My rating: 5 of 5 stars
Yes, Mistress Patience Gideon is a witch, but more than that, she is a woman with a woman’s life and cares. And loves.
Mistress Gideon loves her adopted daughter, Gilly (who refers to her as Aunt Patience), and she loves her dog, Fenric (who is more than he seems, though even he doesn’t know it). And Mistress Gideon has loved in her past, though she tries not to think about love lost.
Magic takes different forms in Mistress Gideon’s world but it’s nothing we haven’t met before. Mistress Gideon is a healer. She gathers what she needs from lake and forest and soil, and does her best by the people in her small town. They all – almost all – have come to her for what ails them, be it broken bones, illness, infertility, or simply advice.
None of the people would admit it, of course, because the Church Elders burn witches. Along with their associates.
Of Sorrow and Such is a short book, read in a few hours, but it’s one that lingers in the mind long after. It may be about a witch in a small town, about a woman with a mind of her own, but Mistress Gideon stands for all who have ever been persecuted because of who they are, what they do, or what they believe in. This book takes place in what could be New England in the late 1600s, and yes, there is magic in it — but Of Sorrow and Such is actually about times and places throughout human history.
My rating: 5 of 5 stars
If any writer can immerse us in a reality of his own making, it’s Stephen King. Even when he’s not writing horror he so subtly fuzzes the line between uber-reality and the uncanny that you never can quite put your finger on when you crossed that line — though you sure know you aren’t in Kansas anymore.
King has written many books but some I have to avoid because I’m afraid of them. King’s horror is too horrible for me. It was years before I could feel okay around certain closets, and I still can’t walk down the empty hallways of old hotels at night. I adore all the rest of his books, though.
In Lisey’s Story we get to share the lives two people: an author – plausibly reflecting aspects of King himself – as seen through the eyes and memories of his soul-mate, the Lisey of the title. This book was scary, but it was scary because the truly “bad-gunky” happens on our side of the line between reality and the uncanny.
In this book King uses what he knows – as writers are always telling other writers to do – and thus reveals truths about creativity that we all understand in our heart of hearts. He gives us the language-pool, the myth-pool, the archetype-pool – a pool that is unfathomably deep, and so dark and rich that sipping of it is as dangerous as snatching gold from a sleeping dragon’s lair. But as with a dragon’s treasure, sometimes there’s a price. Even so, sometimes the need is compelling. Perhaps irresistible.
In Lisey’s Story the hero is a woman, and King is a man who can channel a woman’s soul. King also knows about real love in its all-encompassing magnificence as well as its madness. Sometimes I wept for Lisey, sometimes I wept with her. I loved her husband as she did because I’ve loved a soul-mate, too. And dammit, I cheered for her when she did what she had to do.
In the end, we all could wish to be the kind of hero Lisey is – not a superhero who saves the world, but one who saves herself.
My rating: 5 of 5 stars
What a pleasant surprise Matt Bell‘s Refuse to Be Done: How to Write and Rewrite a Novel in Three Drafts was! After reading the first page or so my immediate reaction was that it was just another for dummies book, too elementary to be useful. But I kept reading and I’m glad I did. My mind was changed for me pretty quickly.
The back cover uses the word “practical” and that’s what we have here: practical tips for the novelist (and, really, any writer) that apply to first ideas through to releasing the book to the world. So many really great ideas all in one slender volume! I was pleased to discover how many of the strategies Bell offers I already use. I was reminded of a few I’d left behind, and boy howdy, you bet I immediately applied them to my current work in progress. So glad I got to that chapter before I reached the deadline to send my manuscript to the editor!
The book’s title confused me in the beginning, until I realized how right-on it was. A novel doesn’t go from the author’s imagination to the shelves of a bookstore like magic. Writing a novel is a process that requires dogged effort and a level of determination that isn’t talked about much — except when authors whine about having to do one more torturous edit. Writing a book-length document, like any hero’s journey, requires Refusing to Be Done.
S.M. Stirling‘s Change series & associated novels are my favorite post-apocalyptic books ever. Incredible world-building highlights a variety of cultures based on the various sub-cultures we’re familiar with in today’s world, and the clashes between the various groups that develop in order to survive feel inevitable when resources are scarce and technology limited by unknown forces. The series follows recurring characters that are not only interesting but likable. True, some are pretty awful — but many are heroic, and when it comes to post-apocalyptic, we definitely need heroes.
Most post-apocalyptic books are dark and scary. The world that Stirling has built is not. Oh, there’s dark and scary stuff in them but they come from the extremes of people of different lifestyles and belief systems that exist now (both real and fictional). Satisfyingly, from chaos develops stability, and the new world is one in which humanity will survive. It just takes a lot of books to get there.
The best part of the Change series: It doesn’t raise anxiety about the likelihood of that apocalypse happening in the real world. Fiction that takes my mind off of what’s going on in the real world is good fiction for me.
I adore everything that Isabel Allende writes, but Violeta stands out as one of her best. The book is one long love letter to someone Violeta loves dearly, recounting the events of her life, and what an extraordinary life it is, as is the life of anyone who lives a whole century.
Fiction or not, accurate as to actual historical events or not, memories of a fictional person or not – one person’s view of a world that few can know of through direct experience is always enrichening. When that view is expressed as beautifully as Allende does in all her novels, we all are blessed.


The Sylvester Manor Archive, a rare collection of 10,000 primary documents, photographs and ephemera collected by the Sylvester family and descendants over 360 years, is the focus of a new exhibition opening on April 10, 2013 at the NYU Fales Special Collection and Library at New York University. Sylvester Manor: Land, Food, and Power on a New York Plantation, explores three centuries of the politics of food and changing land uses in colonial New York, illuminating the fascinating history of Sylvester Manor, where, for over three hundred years, its diverse inhabitants produced food for home use, regional consumption, and overseas export, viewed from the vantage point of a former slave plantation.
Curator Jennifer Anderson, an Atlantic World historian, Stony Brook University professor of history and member of the Sylvester Manor preservation guidelines team, interprets selections from the Sylvester archive to underscore the social, political, and environmental ramifications of our food sources—that where, how, and by whom our food is produced matters—giving new meaning to the maxim “we are what we eat.” Through the archive, the exhibition tells the story of the development, preservation, and revival of the Manor as a center of food production and the dynamic, at times contentious, power relations that shaped its changing land uses.
Today, Sylvester Manor is a thriving educational center for organic agriculture and working farm where New Yorkers are once again the recipients of the bounty of its land. Bennett Konesni, founder and creative director of the Sylvester Manor Educational Farm, represents the eleventh generation in a long line of family that have stewarded the property and is passionate about bringing the manor’s agricultural legacy and issues of fair labor full circle.
Jennifer Anderson shares and explores these issues of land use, food and labor, questioning how the lives of those living and working on the property were transformed as the Manor and its surroundings changed, what can be learned from its later history, from the on-going efforts to preserve it, and now, from the revival of its historic farm in light of new ideas about sustainable agriculture and social justice
Sylvester Manor: Land, Food, and Power on a New York Plantation
April 10 – July 23, 2013
Bobst Library, New York University
This exhibition is free and open to the public.
Gallery hours are 10 – 5, Monday – Friday


My process of searching for sources was in no particular strategic order but was completed throughout the span of this semester. My research began with Mary-Ellen Kelm’s book Colonizing Bodies, Myra Rutherdale’s book Children, Health, and Hygiene in Northern Canadian Communities, as well as Ian Mosby’s article Administering Colonial Science. These readings were assigned as class readings (see reading log blog post for summaries of the readings) which really helped me begin my research as they were analyzed in class and the core concepts discussed in depth. These readings confirmed that the research topic I had chosen was exactly what I wanted to do. From here I re-found the past books I used in pervious essays and explored them again, only this time specifically searching for anything to do with health. The rest of my search for sources was left to exploring the schools online library for any books and/or articles that would be of use to me. Through this data source I was able to find my sources that covered the impact seen today on Aboriginal health. Finding secondary sources was very easy, and I was able to base my research project largely off of the Kelm book as it was written specifically about colonizing Aboriginal bodies.
Adelson, Naomi. “The embodiment of inequality: health disparities in aboriginal Canada.” Canadian Journal of Public Health 96, (2005): 545-561. Retrieved from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/41994459
Bryce, H. P. Report on the Indian Schools of Manitoba and the North West Territories. Chief Medical Officer, Department of Indian Affairs. (1907). Ottawa: Government Printing Bureau
Bryce, H. P. The Story of a National Crime: An Appeal for Justice to the Indians of Canada. Chief Medical Officer, Department of Indian Affairs. (1922). Ottawa: James Hope & Sons
Fiske, Jo-Anne and Browne, Annette. “Aboriginal Citizen, Discredited Medical Subject: Paradoxical Constructions of Aboriginal Women’s Subjectivity in Canadian Health Care Policies.” Policy Science, 39, No. 1. (2006): 91-111. Doi: 10.1007/s11077-006-9013-8
Gleason, Mona, “Race, Class, and Health: School Medical Inspection and Healthy Children in British Columbia, 1890-1930.” In Children’s Health Issues in Historical Perspective, edited by Cheryl Krasnick Warsh and Veronica Strong-Boag. Ontario: Wilfred Laurier University Press, 2005.
Grant, Agnes. No End of Greif: Indian Residential Schools in Canada. Toronto: Pemmican Publications Inc., 1996.
Kasper, Violet. “The lifetime Effect of Residential School attendance of Indigenous Health Status.” American Journal of Public Health 104, 11. (2014). Doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301479
Kelm, Mary-Ellen. Colonizing Bodies: Aboriginal Health and Healing in British Columbia, 1900-1950. Vancouver: UBC Press, 1998
Light, Penny Tracy, Barbara Brookes, & Wendy Mitchinson, eds. Bodily Subjects: Essays on Gender and Health, 1800-2000. London: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2014
Mosby, Ian. “Administering Colonial Science: Nutrition Research and Human Biomedical Experimentation in Aboriginal Communities and Residential Schools, 1942-1962.” Social History, Vol. 46, No. 91, (2013).
Rutherdale, Myra, “Children, Health, and Hygiene in Northern Canadian Communities, 1900-1970.” In Children’s Health Issues in Historical Perspective, edited by Cheryl Krasnick Warsh and Veronica Strong-Boag. Ontario: Wilfred Laurier University Press, 2005.
Smith, Dawn, Collen Varcoe and Nancy Edwards. “Turning Around the Intergenerational Impact of Residential Schools on Aboriginal People: Implications for Health Policy and Practice. CJNR 37, no. 4 (2005): 38-60.
Waldram, James B., D. Ann Herring, & T. Kue Young. Aboriginal Health in Canada: Historical, Cultural, and Epidemiological Perspectives. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2006.


Every episode of HHE is transcribed.
Find our archive of show notes here.
82. Coal in Wales during 1920-1930 CE
NOV. 30, 2023
Pete takes Ryan to the Welsh valleys to discover the history of coal mining. Learn everything you need to get started on your new career underground. Discover the miner-turned-author who literally wrote the book on the subject. And find out why an American singing legend singing ‘Old Man River’ meant so much to the people of South Wales. Dig it!
81. Faith in the Kamchatka Peninsula during 1450-1750 CE
NOV. 16, 2023
Journey through time and faith in this week's episode of HHE Podcast, where we delve into the spiritual landscape of the Kamchatka Peninsula from 1450-1750. Join Pete and Ryan as they explore the rich tapestry of beliefs and practices in this remote and rugged land. Uncover the mysteries of the native peoples' spiritual connection to nature. Then meet Ivan Berezhnoy, a Russian missionary whose journey to Kamchatka marked a pivotal moment in the region's religious history. And finally, take a tour into the enigmatic world of the Skoptsy sect, a group whose radical beliefs will make you shrivel with fear!
80. Martial Arts in the Philippines during 1927-1937 & 1946-1950 CE
NOV. 2, 2023
This week Pete enters the HHE Podcast dojo to discover Martial Arts in the Philippines during the period of the Chinese Civil War. Discover the fast and furious fighters of Eskrima, learn about the rough-and-ready origins of their art and the sometimes-fatal fights that came with it, and find out how today’s art is a rather more civilised affair.
79. The Living Dead in Paris during 1800-1900 CE
OCT. 19, 2023
Embrace the eerie as we venture into a special Halloween episode of HHE Podcast. Join Ryan as he transports you to 19th-century Paris, where you'll discover the chilling mystery of people who think they are dead, endure the tragic tale of a man lost in a bone-filled maze, and step into a theatre made infamous for its blood-curdling on-stage horrors. Spooky spooky spooky!
78. Plumbing in the Himalayas during 1950-1960 CE
OCT. 6, 2023
We’re climbing to the top of the world and visiting the Himalayas to discover plumbing. Find out what to do with the little spade in a Tibetan toilet. Learn the story of the hidden hero of the first successful Everest expedition. And discover one naughty Lama’s remarkable secret.
00. Negotiation in Lebanon during 1984
SEP. 21, 2023
Pete and Ryan are taking a break from regularly Derzolated episodes, so in this one-off 'Out Of Office' special, they've been assigned 'Negotiation in Lebanon during 1984'. Discover the human cost of tough government and find out how violence may not be the answer after all!
76. Between a Rock and a Hard Place in The Tropic of Cancer during 800 to 900CE
AUG. 24, 2023
Pete takes on a round-the-world challenge and finds himself between a rock and a hard place on the Tropic of Cancer. We discover the surprising product that rated alongside gold in value on the trans-Saharan trade routes and we meet a pair of travelling historians whose journeys took them from Africa to China. Also, learn how a failed rebellion can still bring down a dynasty, and find out how you might apply for your harlot’s license in 9th Century China.
74.5. Adding Insult to Injury in Yorkshire during the 1500's
JUL. 28, 2023
It’s Yorkshire day, you wazzock! A special guest host takes Ryan and Pete on a tour of Britain’s largest county. Uncover the mystery of the princes in the tower and the evil king who murdered them. Or did he? Find out how well you can live whilst under house arrest and the downside of being an unwilling jailer.. And discover the museum that smells of poo… on purpose! By ‘eck, it’s an HHE Yorkshire special!


Roots of American Democracy Essay
642 Words3 Pages
America is a country whose emergence is contributed to many sources. More specifically, the American form of Democracy stretch back beyond the formation of the United States, having origin in ancient Greek thinking, the Enlightenment, as well as the English and their injustice, The United States owes its birth as a country to many areas of influence. The Ancient Greeks were the first to put the power of a nation in the hands of the average citizen, they created the idea of the democratic government, practiced as a direct democracy. Voting, political assembly, and official citizenship are all concepts that can be traced back to Classical Grecian ideas .The Romans developed the concept of the representative democracy .This was best…show more content…
Natural Rights (Locke) appear in the declaration of Independence as "life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness". Jean Rousseau developed the idea of the social contract and the notion of replacing a government that fails to maintain consent is cited as justification for the American Revolution against the English. Another field of influence for American Democracy lies in the English .English rule passed the English Bill of Rights in 1689, a similar declaration of which can be found in the American Bill of Rights. The English were also the first superpower to institute rule by Parliament. Parliament is a form of legislature in which power is distributed between two "Houses" (House of Commons and the House of Lords). The American system of Checks and Balances between three separate institutions (Judiciary, Executive and Legislative) owes its existence primarily to the English Parliament. Over the centuries, English influence on American government has been great, and today these influences can still be seen in everyday American life, The Colonial Experiences encountered by early American citizens before the revolution have impacted contemporary United States Government. For example, The Virginia House of Burgesses was the first instance of representative democracy in the New World. It involved a form of Congress, with 2 representative politicians per state. Smaller towns and outposts held town meetings, in which a fairly primitive form of
Presentation on theme: "Chapter 3: The Roots of American Democracy"— Presentation transcript:
1 Chapter 3: The Roots of American Democracy
Mr. Albandoz7th Grade Civics
2 P R E V I E WTake the Greece, Rome, or Home Challenge. Examine these photographs of buildings from ancient Greece, ancient Rome, and Washington, D.C. In your notes identify each as “ancient” or “United States.”Check your answers as the correct locations are revealed.
3 Washington, D.C.: Supreme Court
4 Athens: ParthenonB
5 Washington, D.C.: Department of Treasury
6 Rome: PantheonD
7 Washington, D.C.: Jefferson Memorial
8 Washington, D.C.: Capitol Building
9 Now answer these questions:
1. What do you notice about the architectural style of the buildings in Washington, D.C.? Can you think of any other buildings that reflect this style? 2. What ideas about government might the ancient Greeks and Romans have contributed to the world? 3. Why do you think so many U.S. government buildings reflect Greek and Roman architecture? 4. From where else do you think the United States got ideas about government?
10 The ideas of the ancient Greeks and Romans are just a few of the many ideas that shaped democratic government in the United States.In this lesson, you will learn about the key documents, political philosophies, historical figures, and important events that contributed ideas and influenced the development of democratic government in the United States.
11 3.1: IntroductionRead Section 1 in your Student Text (Page 41 & 42). Then respond to these questions:What historic events did the two bicentennial celebrations in the United States mark?Of what did the bicentennial events remind Americans? Why were these events so powerful?What ideas do you think gave birth to the world’s first modern democratic nation?
12 3.2 : Ideas That Shaped Colonial Views.
Read section 3.2 (pages 42 to 46).As you read, identify at least two ideas that shaped colonial views on government.Describe each idea, and explain why it is important.
13 Religious and Classical Roots
Ancient Judaism stressed that people should seek to create a just society based on respect for the law. Colonial thinkers based their notion of justice on this idea.Christians believed in natural law, the idea that a universal set of moral principles existed. Many colonists believed that a human law that violated natural law was unjust and should be changed.Ancient Greeks introduced the idea of direct democracy, or decision making by all citizens. Direct democracy took root in New England’s town meetings, where citizens gathered to solve local problems.From ancient Romans came the idea of representative government, or decision making by elected officials. This idea would be the basis of U.S. government.
14 English RootsThe Magna Carta defined the rights and duties of English nobles, set limits on the monarch’s power, and established the principle of the rule of law (i.e.: government principle which states that no one is above the law, not even a king or president). The colonists had great respect for the traditions of English government.The Petition of Right demonstrated the idea of limited government (i.e.: powers exercised by the government are restricted, usually by a written constitution)by affirming that the king’s power was not absolute. The idea of limited government was one of the principles that colonists admired in English government.The English Bill of Rights reaffirmed the principle of individual rights (i.e.: rights and liberties by virtue of being human) established by earlier documents. One reason the colonists rebelled was to secure their individual rights, which they believed had been denied to them.
15 English Enlightenment
Thomas Hobbes first introduced the idea that government was the result of a social contract between people and their rulers. His social contract theory laid the groundwork for the idea that government was formed by the consent of the people.John Locke wrote about the idea that all people were equal and enjoyed certain natural rights, such as the right to life, liberty, and property. This idea exerted a powerful influence on colonial thinkers and would be used to justify the revolution.
16 French EnlightenmentMontesquieu introduced the idea of separation of powers, in which governments are organized to prevent any one person or group from dominating others. Americans applied this idea to their colonial governments, hence the three-branch system of government (executive, legislative, and judicial).Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed in the idea that a government formed by a social contract was legitimate if it was based on popular sovereignty. Some colonial leaders, including Thomas Paine, agreed with this idea that the government should be based on the will of the people (The people are the ultimate source of authority and legitimacy of a government).
17 3.3: From Ideas to Independence: The American Revolution
Create a timeline that extends from 1619 to On your timeline, plot the following events with the correct year:• Mayflower Compact• Virginia House of Burgesses• French and Indian War• Stamp Act• Battles at Lexington and Concord• Declaration of IndependenceWrite a brief description of each event. Then explain how each event influenced the development of American government.
18 1619, Virginia House of Burgesses: This was the legislative branch of the colony where elected officials made decisions. The House of Burgesses was the first elected assembly in the colonies; other elected assemblies would follow.1620, Mayflower Compact: Before settlers from the Mayflower landed, they drew up this compact for governing their new colony. They agreed to live in a civil body politic and obey just and equal laws enacted by representatives. This was the first written framework for self-government in the colonies.1763, French and Indian War: After the war, Britain reversed its policy of “benign neglect” by imposing new taxes and restrictions on the colonies. Before this time, colonies had been accustomed to managing their own affairs, with Britain rarely interfering in the day-to-day business of government.1765, Stamp Act: The British government required Americans to buy stamps to place on various documents. Colonists felt that, as British citizens, only their elected representatives could tax them; with no colonial representation in Parliament, the taxes were illegal.1775, Battles at Lexington and Concord: Massachusetts militia troops clashed with British soldiers, marking the beginning of the American Revolution. This event revealed that tensions between the colonies and the British government were so high that armed conflict was inevitable.1776, Declaration of Independence: This document called for a final break between the colonies and Britain. It set forth a vision for a new kind of nation in which the government is formed to protect people’s unalienable rights and gets its powers from the consent of the governed.Timeline
19 Creating a New Government During Wartime
After declaring independence, Congress appointed a committee to prepare a plan of government known as the Articles of Confederation. This plan was approved by Congress in 1777 and sent to the states for ratification, or formal approval. The states did not get around to approving the Articles until 1781, just months before the fighting ended.By the war’s end, many Americans were skeptical of Congress’s ability to govern the new nation. Some believed that the country needed a strong ruler to ensure stability. The obvious choice was George Washington, commander of the army and hero of the revolution.
20 3.4: Putting Ideas to Work: Framing New Constitutions
The Articles of Confederation was only one of many new plans of government drafted during the war. Each of the 13 states also needed a constitution. As leaders in each state set about this task, they found few models to guide them. The Americans were on their own.
21 State Constitutions: Giving Power to the People
In framing their new plans of government, state lawmakers demonstrated their commitment to constitutionalism, or the idea that government should be based on an established set of principles.These principles included popular sovereignty, limited government, the rule of law, and majority rule (i.e.: the idea that decisions approved by more than half of the people in a group or society will be accepted and observed by all of the people).The lawmakers also separated the powers of government by creating executive, legislative, and judicial branches, just as Montesquieu had described.
22 State Constitutions: Giving Power to the People
All state constitutions began with a statement of individual rights.The governments created under the new state constitutions derived their power from the people. However, they were not completely democratic.The states typically limited voting rights to white men who paid taxes or owned a certain amount of property.None of the original 13 state constitutions specifically outlawed slavery, and all states south of Pennsylvania denied slaves equal rights as human beings.
23 Governing Under the Articles of Confederation
The national government created under the Articles of Confederation was much weaker than the governments established in the states.The Articles emphasized that each state would retain its “sovereignty, freedom, and independence.” Any power not specifically given to Congress was reserved for the states.The government created under the Articles consisted only of a congress, with members chosen by the states. It had neither an executive to carry out laws nor a judicial branch to settle legal questions.
24 Governing Under the Articles of Confederation
At least one landmark piece of legislation was enacted under the Articles of Confederation, the Northwest Ordinance of This law established procedures for the creation of new states in the Northwest Territory, a region bounded by the Ohio and Mississippi rivers. The Northwest Ordinance served as a model for all territories that later entered the Union as states.The government created by the Articles of Confederation was a failure. Lacking the power to levy taxes, Congress could not raise the funds needed to support the Continental Army. It had to borrow heavily to fund the revolution. After the war, it had no way to raise funds to repay those debts.
25 Governing Under the Articles of Confederation
By 1786, it was clear to many of the nation’s leaders that the government formed under the Articles was not working. That fall, they issued a call for a constitutional convention to meet the following year in Philadelphia.The purpose of the convention was to revise the Articles of Confederation. Once the delegates met, however, they decided to scrap the Articles and create an entirely new constitution.
27 Convening the Constitutional Convention
On May 25, 1787, the Constitutional Convention began. The delegates represented a wide range of personalities and experience.During the convention, no one played a greater role than Madison. Although he was just 36 years old, he had already served in Congress and the Virginia legislature. He was a serious student of politics and democratic theory. As the meetings got underway, he took detailed notes of the discussions and worked tirelessly to promote the new plan.For his role in shaping the new framework, he is rightly called the Father of the Constitution.
28 Reaching a Compromise on Representation
The Virginia delegates, who favored a strong national government, put forth a plan for a new constitution. The Virginia Plan, written mainly by James Madison, was clearly designed to replace the Articles, not to revise them. It called for a government of three branches. The legislative branch would make the laws, the executive branch would carry out the laws, and the judicial branch would interpret the laws.Under the Virginia Plan, the new government would have a bicameral, or two-house, legislature. The Virginia Plan proposed that representation in both houses should be based on the population of each state. This would give the more populous states more representatives, and thus more influence, than states with smaller populations.
29 Reaching a Compromise on Representation
William Patterson of New Jersey introduced an alternative approach. The New Jersey Plan proposed a series of amendments to the Articles of Confederation. These changes would have created a somewhat more powerful national government with a unicameral, or one-house, legislature in which all states had equal representation.Roger Sherman of Connecticut proposed a compromise designed to satisfy both sides. His plan called for a bicameral legislature with a different form of representation in each house. In the Senate, states would have equal representation. In the House of Representatives, states would have representation based on their populations. Sherman’s plan, known as the Great Compromise, resolved the thorny issue of representation in Congress and allowed the convention to move forward.
30 Compromises on Slavery and Commerce
Other issues also divided the delegates. Those from northern states differed sharply with those from southern states on questions of slavery and commerce. Many northern delegates wanted the constitution to include a provision for abolishing slavery. But most southerners opposed ending a system of labor on which their agricultural economy depended.After much debate, the delegates reached another important compromise. For purposes of both representation and taxation, a slave was to be counted as three-fifths of all “free persons.”The Three-Fifths Compromise helped hold the new nation together. However, by treating a slave as less than a free person, this provision contradicted the basic ideal of equality set forth in the Declaration of Independence.Delegates also reached a compromise over commerce. Congress would have the power to regulate foreign and interstate commerce, but it could not tax exports, and it could not outlaw the slave trade until 1808.
31 Creating the Executive Branch: One Head or Many?
Another major issue concerned the formation of the executive branch. Some delegates wanted a single executive to head the government. Others were concerned that giving power to a single leader might give rise to a monarchy or tyranny. Instead they favored an executive committee made up of at least two members. In the end, however, the delegates voted for a single president.The next question was how to choose the president. Some delegates thought Congress should do it, while others favored popular elections. They finally decided to set up a special body called the Electoral College. This body would be made up of electors from each state who would cast votes to elect the president and vice president. Each state would have as many electors as the number of senators and representatives it sent to Congress.
32 After reading the section, answer these questions:
1. How did state constitutions lay the groundwork for the U.S. Constitution?2. What were the main weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? What did these weaknesses mean for the national government?3. What were three of the major challenges that the Constitutional Convention delegates faced, and how was each resolved?
33 3.5: Ratifying the Constitution
The Constitution included a provision for ratification. To go into effect, the new plan of government would need to be ratified by at least 9 of the 13 states.The pro-ratification effort was led by supporters of the Constitution who called themselves Federalists. They favored the creation of a strong federal government that shared power with the states. Their opponents were known as Anti-Federalists. These were people who preferred the loose association of states established under the Articles of Confederation.
34 Federalists Led by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay.
They were supported by urban centers (merchants and such) and small states.They defended the Constitution.
35 FederalistsThey published a series of 85 essays called “The Federalist Papers”They analyzed and explained the Constitution to their opponents in order to undercut their claims and convince them to ratify the Constitution.
36 Anti-Federalists Led by Samuel Adams, Patrick Henry, and John Hancock.
Supported by rural farmers and large states.In their minds, the Constitution represented a betrayal of the democratic ideals that had motivated the American Revolution.
37 Federalists v. Anti-Federalists
As you read section 3.5 (pages 55 to 57), create a T-chart to compare the main arguments of the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists. Identify at least three arguments for each side.
38 Federalists Anti-Federalists
Favored the creation of a strong federal government that shared power with the states.Believed that because the national government represented so many people, it would be less likely to fall under the sway of factions.Believed that separation of powers in the Constitution kept the national government from becoming too powerful.Anti-FederalistsPreferred the loose association of states established under the Articles of Confederation.Feared that a strong national government would lead to tyranny.Believed that states are better able to represent people’s rights and preserve democracy.Were concerned that the Constitution did not contain a Bill of Rights.
39 The Constitution Goes into Effect
By January 1788, Delaware, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey had ratified the Constitution. Georgia and Connecticut soon followed.
40 The Constitution Goes into Effect
In Massachusetts, however, the ratifying convention deadlocked over a key issue: the lack of a bill of rights.Massachusetts agreed to ratify after receiving assurance that a bill of rights would be added after ratification.By summer of 1788, all but two states had ratified.This meant that the U.S. Constitution was now in effect.
41 The Constitution Goes into Effect
A date was also set in February 1789 for the first presidential election.The winner of that election, by unanimous vote in the Electoral College, was George Washington.
42 3.6: Adding the Bill of Rights
43 Proposing a List of Rights
In 1789, Madison introduced to Congress a series of proposed amendments. His list of rights drew from the many different proposals made at the state ratifying conventions.Madison also pulled ideas from other documents, including the Virginia Declaration of Rights, adopted in Another was the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom, written by Thomas Jefferson in The English Bill of Rights was a key influence, as well.After months of debate, Congress approved 12 amendments and passed them on to the states for ratification.
44 Ratifying the Bill of Rights
Most states quickly ratified the Bill of Rights. By the summer of 1790, nine states had approved at least 10 of the amendments.Shortly afterward, Vermont became the 14th state in the Union, which raised the number of states necessary for ratification to 11.On December 15, 1791, Virginia became the 11th state to ratify the Bill of Rights.
45 SummaryThe United States was founded on a set of ideas and principles developed over many centuries. Those ideas helped give rise to a system of representative government based on the rule of law and a respect for individual rights and liberties.Ideas on government American colonists drew their ideas about government from various sources, including classical civilizations, English law, and Enlightenment philosophy. They combined those ideas with their own experiences in colonial self-government.Declaring independence Accustomed to self-rule, colonists were quick to react when Great Britain tried to impose taxes on the colonies. In 1776, the colonies declared themselves to be “Free and Independent States.”Framing constitutions While fighting for independence, Americans wrote state constitutions and a national plan of government called the Articles of Confederation. Weaknesses in the Articles led to the framing of a new constitution that gave more power to the national government.Ratifying the Constitution By 1788, enough states had ratified the Constitution to make it the law of the land. A new government, with George Washington as president, was installed in 1789.Adding the Bill of Rights To satisfy critics of the Constitution, James Madison drafted a series of amendments to protect individual rights. The Bill of Rights was ratified by the states in 1791 and became the first 10 amendments to the Constitution.
46 ProcessingWrite three journal entries from the perspective of a delegate to the Constitutional Convention. Date each entry. Address each of these topics in one or more of your entries:• Which ideas most influenced you in the development of the Constitution? Where did these ideas come from?• What were the greatest challenges in developing the Constitution? How were these challenges resolved?• Do you think the states should ratify the Constitution? Why or why not?


Yet we who have this spiritual treasure are like common clay pots, in order to show that the supreme power belongs to God, not to us. 2Corinthians 4:7
Treasured@St.Albans is our new women's ministry work. At the core of our calling we hope and pray we can support, love and encourage the women in our community in their lives and give opportunities for friendship, creativity and a deeper understanding of the love of God.
365 Days of Inspiration…
RECKLESS DEVOTION offers readers an opportunity to journey deeper into the heart of God daily, accompanied by Rolland and Heidi Baker’s insights, which stem from a deep intimacy and dependency on Jesus. This book is filled with profound, inspirational truths that affirm our identity as beloved children of God and encourage us to go deeper with Him – trusting Him more radically, taking more risks in faith, and living life to the full. Every seventh day, a “Come Closer” entry summarizes the previous week’s thoughts and helps readers to engage with the truths they have learned, applying them to their own lives.
CURRENTLY UNDER CONSTRUCTION


Live or DIE — a review of a draft industry paper on the harms of SSI
Dear lawmakers and regulators, this draft industry paper doesn't do the job. I explain why in the hope that you will act.
Whenever we contemplate human dignity and well-being, social inclusion and equity, economics, community, education, democratic process, peace and justice, whenever we contemplate many of the sustainable development goals and corresponding targets, we inevitably contemplate the question of human identity in the digital age.
Anyone who has worked on projects in areas such as these will vouch that questions of identity are integral to their research, their analyses, and their designs.
The term generative identity is used to refer to research and thinking and designs that prioritise psychological, sociological, and ecological health in their approach to digitalizing human identity. To distinguish the ambition from historical approaches and push home the distinction, we may refer to the digital mediation and augmentation of human identity rather than digital identity.
The interdisciplinary working group on generative identity exists to encourage such work and, by corollary, to highlight the innate dangers of approaches to digital identity that do not qualify as generative.
generative: relating to or capable of production or reproduction
generative sciences: an interdisciplinary science that explores the natural world and its complex behaviours as a generative process
regenerative: participating as nature; co-evolution of the whole system
generative identity: digitally mediated and augmented human identity approached primarily for psychological, sociological, and ecological health.
Conceived under the auspices of the AKASHA Foundation and first discussed publicly in September 2019, a critique of SSI and outline of generative identity is presented right here on this site: The dystopia of self-sovereign identity (SSI).
Subsequently, this analysis informed the contribution of the only dissenting chapter in Self-Sovereign Identity, Manning Publications, 2021, eds. Preukschat & Reed.
Most recently, the AKASHA Foundation and the Kernel community co-published Human identity — the number one challenge in computer science.
The generative identity working group aims to:
Check out our charter and join us.
Shifting from ‘sustainability' to regeneration, Bill Reed, 2007 ↩


November 15th, 2016 5:35 PM by Nour Ailan
Recently, I found myself browsing through a bookstore searching for a child’s book to give a newborn baby girl for whom I hope to be a role model. It felt like a lot of pressure, imagining this book could shape and form key development for her.
Maybe I took this task too seriously. Searching through titles from some classics like, “Everyone Poops” to “Goodnight Moon” I ended up picking out a new book about a fierce warrior princess who learns to love a pony that wasn’t as strong and brave as she hoped. The book, “The Princess and Her Pony,” was filled with colorful depictions of characters big and small with a range of skintones, and personalities (as many as you get in 20 pages) and ended with a heartfelt moral about accepting others. I began to wonder, how many books out there portray people to be as diverse as the world really is?
Turns out, there are a good amount. Here is a list of books for kids to read to learn about the beauty of diversity that exists throughout the world.
In this book, a boy travels the world meeting other children from various countries across the globe. A spark for international travel and the importance of engaging with multiple cultures to learn languages outside your own, this book is great for early expansion of culture. The book covers how to say yes, and no in Spanish, Arabic, Inuktitut, German, French, Russian, Japanese, Chinese, and Swahili other languages with a song at the end!
“Mufaro’s Beautiful Daughters” written and illustrated by John SteptoeWhile this story is not exactly one for gender equality, it’s filled with beautiful illustrations which capture native flora and fauna of Zimbabwe. The story tells the tale of Mufaro (meaning happy man), and his three daughters — Mayara (ashamed), Nyasha (mercy), and Nyoka (snake). The story follows a Cinderella plotline where two sisters mistreat the kind Nyasha. The story was collected from people living near surrounding ancient ruins in Zimbabwe, and the illustrations are worth it! It’s especially refreshing to see a “classic Cinderella” plotline told through the cultural lense of African folklore.
“The Breadwinner” by Deborah Ellis (Young Adult)Deborah Ellis’ most well-known novel for children, “The Breadwinner,” introduces readers to Parvana — a girl growing up under Taliban rule in Afghanistan. Her father attended university outside Afghanistan, and was threatened by the Taliban for receiving a foreign education. The threats from the Taliban became incrementally worse, rising to the point where he could not earn an income for their family. So his daughter became “the breadwinner.” Parvana, at age 11, dresses as a boy risking everything to help their family survive. Ellis spent months interviewing female refugees before publishing the critically acclaimed novel in 2000.
“Anansi the Spider” by Gerald McDermottAnansi is a traditional Ashanti tale about a spider who sets out on an adventure, encountering dangerous animals along the river he travels. Through the help of his seven sons, Anansi completes his journey, yet is faced with the decision of choosing one son to reward. Nyame, the God of All Things, helps out the spider in a story with rich illustrations of African motifs and design and weavings of Ashanti language. Fun fact: Though Anansi is a male spider — Ashanti culture is a matriarchal society; land rights, property and titles all would’ve passed down the mama spider’s side of the family.
“The Legend of the Bluebonnet” by Tomie dePaola“The Legend of the Bluebonnet” is the story of the Comanche tribe facing famine and drought, but, really, it’s the story of an orphaned girl named She-Who-Is-Alone, her treasured doll, and an incredible feat of selflessness. This beautifully illustrated book is based on the Comanche origin story of the bluebonnet flower — the state flower of Texas. dePaola extensively researched Comanche customs and traditions in order to faithfully bring this legend to life.
“Mama, Do You Love Me?” By Barbara M. JoosseYoung children will recognize themselves in this book’s mischievous main character — a little girl only referred to as “Dear One.” The first line of the book is the same as its title: “Mama, do you love me?” The answer is, of course, yes. Which prompts the little girl to test the limit of that love, with every response, she imagines an even worse scenario, and repeats the question, only to find that a mother’s love is truly unconditional. Using gorgeous illustrations of Inuit culture and Alaska, Joosse explores a universal theme.
“Everyone Poops” by Taro GomiWhat better way to teach kids everyone is equal than talking about poop? “Everyone Poops” covers the basics of digestion, and how all living creatures from elephants to ants do it. This book can also be a gateway to talking to children about proper WASH ethics.
“Shabanu: Daughter of the Wind” by Suzanne Fisher Staples (Young Adult)Shabanu is 12-year-old girl living in Pakistan’s Cholistan Desert. As the second daughter in a family who has no sons, she’s been allowed to do many things most other Pakistani girls cannot. She and her sister are betrothed to two brothers, but when her sister’s intended is vengefully murdered, Shabanu is married off to the murderer’s brother. She, a child bride, becomes the fourth wife of an old man and must choose between protecting her family and her own freedom.
“Esperanza Rising” by Pam Muñoz Ryan (Young Adult)This young adult novel is about a girl, Esperanza Ortega, growing up in Mexico after her father is killed by group of men. The murder was probably at the hands of his step brother, who also has a vested interest in marrying Esperanza. Think Macbeth but Mexican culture during the Great Depression Era and with a strong female protagonists who stands up to child marriage.
“The Jataka Tales”This book is taken from the Buddhist canon, and was written originally in Sanskrit. It’s now available in multiple languages, including English. The book contains stories about humans and animals but with morals to learn at the end. An Eastern parallel to “Grimm’s Fairy Tales.” We highly recommend the English language comic-book versions.
“Did I Ever Tell You How Lucky You Are?” by Dr. SeussWhile we strive to end poverty and make the world a more equal place for all. Dr. Seuss’ tale about people less fortunate than “Ducky” creatively explores a myriad of problems others face throughout the world. A message on optimism from Dr. Seuss, this book is a reminder we all face different challenges.
There are many other books to explore all the world’s people, places and everything in between out there. What are some of your favorites?
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Palo Alto, CA
ProgRock, Adult Contemporary, Rock, Modern Rock
Pink Floyd, Jefferson Airplane, Grateful Dead, Portishead, Julie Cruz
Glass Wave - Glass Wave seeks to preserve and revitalize the source texts that inspire the music by translating old stories from great books of Western literature, whose stories are recast in the genre of cerebral rock. - #CyberPR
“The music takes well known characters from western literature and turns the narrative on its head: in the band's songs, Lolita tells her own story, Ophelia has her say, Moby Dick contributes whale songs, and Frankenstein's creature resuscitates his image. “
The Chicago Blog
”There are plenty in higher education who devote themselves to interpreting rock and roll as literature. Fewer devote themselves to the interpreting literature as rock and roll. But that is what four California academics — three at Stanford University and another at the University of California at Los Angeles — set out to do with their band, Glass Wave.”
Inside Higher Ed
”Glass Wave takes a different tack. Instead of synopsizing plots, the songs attempt to “open up new narrative possibilities,” says Wampole. “They try to retell unheard perspectives of certain characters from the books.”
Inside Higher Ed
“But with soulful singing by Christy Wampole, and music with elements from '70s progressive rock as well as jazz, "Glass Wave" is more cerebral than satirical. “
Palo Alto Weekly
“The band, which recently released its first album, keeps in line with its members' scholarly pursuits by turning books into music.”
"No, this is not your typical rock band -- its founding guitarist-songwriters are professors of literature, Dante scholars"
San Jose Mercury News
Glass Wave, has cut a fascinating literary excursion which, in contrast to other high-concept academically inspired offerings, is also just a real good listen.
The Grouse's Perch Blog
About Glass Wave
The marriage of words and music can be paradise. The members of Stanford, California-based Literary-Rock band Glass Wave understand this better than most. Comprised of three professors, a Ph.D. candidate and an upstart jazz drummer, Glass Wave seeks to bring the exuberance of rock n roll to bear on the world of literature. Taking on the works of Edgar Allan Poe, Ovid, Sigmund Freud, Jane Austen and others, Glass Wave recast classic tales from new and surprising perspectives against musical arrangements that incur thoughts of groups such as Pink Floyd, Jefferson Airplane, Jerry Garcia and even The Decemberists.
Glass Wave was born of a surprise performance for one hundred or so freshmen a few years back at Stanford University by Literature Professors Robert Pogue Harrison (guitar) and Dan Edelstein (guitars/keys/vocals). Harrison and Edelstein wedded classic prose to popular classic rock arrangements, and the response was unmistakably enthusiastic. This led Harrison and Edelstein to begin writing entirely original material inspired by stories and legends from the Western tradition.
Based on early successes, Robert Harrison enlisted his brother Thomas, a UCLA professor in Literature and rock n roll and a purveyor of the melodic bass sound popularized by Paul McCartney. The two had last shared the stage in Rome, Italy in the 1970’s as part of the band Sleepy Hollow, but possess the sort of chemistry that only close relatives seem to achieve. For a vocalist, the band chose Ph.D. candidate and chanson singer Christy Wampole, whose dark, ethereal sound is reminiscent of Hope Sandoval (Mazzy Starr) or perhaps Jennifer Charles (Elysian Fields). To close the circle, Wizard Colin Camarillo weaves them all together in a polyrhythmic euphony spoken in the language of the drum. As an ensemble, Glass Wave weaves story songs born of literature and a blend of progressive rock, chamber music and chanson réaliste.
While Glass Wave has received a fair amount of press based on their music’s educational value, it’s always been about the music first for the band. Deeply influenced by acts such as Pink Floyd, Jimi Hendrix and The Doors, The Harrisons are musically born of the expansive progressive rock style based in jazz structures and classical compositional forms. Edelstein’s virtuosic piano compositions add a deeper dimension to the music, as does Colin Camarillo’s progressive weave of rhythms. For all of this, however, it is ultimately the voice of Christy Wampole that brings Glass Wave’s tragic rock arias to life.
Wampole is a raft of vocal contradictions. Ethereal and earthy. Sweet and acerbic. Polished and raw. Yet it is undeniable that she inhabits each voice brought forth on Glass Wave with a haunted alacrity. Wampole’s interpretations of some of the great tragic heroines of western thought bring the magic pouring out of Glass Wave. It is next to impossible to listen to Wampole’s voice, or indeed the complex musical manipulations of the band behind her without being emotionally or intellectually moved. It is this tidal pull of Glass Wave’s music that sets them apart from the pack of rock’s literati.
Glass Wave reaches into the depths of great stories, pulling out nuggets of truth in alternate voices, whether the unrequited love of Ovid’s Echo (Narcissus), Ophelia’s descent into madness (Shakespeare’s Hamlet), Elizabeth Bennet’s pride in her daughters’ marital prospects (Pride And Prejudice) or the perspective of Herman Melville’s Great White Whale (Moby Dick). It is this ability to not just re-tell a classic story in song, but tell it from an unexpected and enlightening perspective that makes Glass Wave so engaging. The band’s musical vision and literate story-telling will win over both intellectual and casual fans; and serves as a reminder that rock music can be enriching and entertaining. The roots of rock n roll are ploughed deep in the counter-cultural soil of the American psyche. What could be more subversive in an age where Justin Bieber and The Jersey Shore serve as the apex of entertainment than great music that makes you think?
Glass Wave is available for live performances on a limited basis. Academic settings are preferred, but all appreciative audiences will be considered based on availability. For booking information, please contact Glass Wave at firstname.lastname@example.org.


The path to launching an on-site clinic demands hard work, dedication, and a strong commitment to establishing an effective partnership with your on-site clinic vendor.
Whether you're considering getting an on-site clinic or are performing your due diligence on the potential value of your own clinic, this eBook was designed to guide you through the process of planning and launching a care center.
Inside, you'll learn:
- How to navigate the world of on-site clinic vendors
- Whether an on-site clinic is the right model for your organization
- What questions you should be asking throughout the process
We hope that this guide will serve to answer any questions you have about the planning and launching process, and prepare you for the transformation an on-site clinic should drive within your organization.


7 March - 14 April
Opening 6 March, 6-9pm
Soup presents the gallery’s sixth exhibition, Nina Silverberg’s debut solo exhibition ‘The Library’. Silverberg (b. 1994) is an Italian painter living and working in London. She received her BA in Fine Art from City and Guilds of London Art School in 2018.
Silverberg’s paintings are marked by their quiet energy, muted palette and often small scale. Characterised by both a solitary stillness and an implied intimacy, she examines ideas of isolation, sickness and the relationship between interior and exterior worlds. Following a prolonged period of illness in her early adulthood, the artist’s subjects frequently include timeless signifiers of human care and comfort. Sick beds serve as analogous self-portraits; silhouetted structures act as architectural archetypes of the Mediterranean home; gloves personify a fashion-forward approach to protection or precaution; and, most recently, books embody an escape to that inviting inner realm. At once melancholic and reassuring, they suggest an inherent frailty and offer empowerment as coping mechanisms against our contemporary condition.
For her debut solo exhibition, Silverberg has turned to Argentine writer Jorge Luis Borges’ short story The Library of Babel (1941) for conceptual consideration. The essay, laced with Latin-American magical realism, is a literary take on the infamous infinite monkey theorem, that states a monkey randomly tapping keys on a typewriter for an infinite amount of time will almost surely type any and all given texts, including the complete works of Shakespeare. Imagining the universe as a library of near-infinite interconnected hexagonal galleries, each filled floor to ceiling with books, Borges ponders the possibility and repercussions of the availability of all worldly knowledge. With no two books alike, and each containing a randomised combination of the available orthographic symbols – the letters of the alphabet, space, comma and full-stop – it stands to reason that within the writer’s seemingly limitless library would be housed the prophetic tale of every person’s life, including details of their future and ultimate fate. And so Borges, himself a librarian throughout his lifetime, envisions murderous hoarders of aspiring soothsayers marauding the narrow corridors and spiral staircases; men driven to insanity and suicide over the improbability of ever finding their fortune-telling tome; and illiterate adolescents sexually enamoured only by the alluring power of the printed occasional oracles.
Recognising paintings’ significance as a historical medium, the story suits Silverberg’s natural inclination towards an obsessive, meditative repetition. Her practice a process of self-referential self-discovery, motifs from previous paintings and bodies of work begin to adorn the pages of her open books. As surrogates of the subconscious, these painted journals become containers for not only the artist’s current concentrations but also a contemplation of previous artistic intentions and future proposals. In a poetic final act of prophetic fallacy, rain often obscures or surrounds the scenes, slanted and suspended in time as it stains the pages, a teardrop-shaped trope that the artist initially adopted following inspiration from Lorenzo Monaco’s predella panel Incidents in the Life of Saint Benedict (1407-9, housed in The National Gallery). Fearing her imminent demise and wishing to spend one final night with her brother Benedict, Saint Scholastica prays for a postponement of his departure. As a miraculous rainstorm rages throughout the night, it not only prevents Benedict’s exit but also provokes the siblings to engage in existential discussion and debate of life’s most meaningful questions. Questions to which one might seek answers in the great works of art or literature, and from which Silverberg seeks solace in her paintings.


Have you ever opened a book and just felt mesmerized by the art and attention to detail?
Our Year 2 students have - and they were so delighted and inspired by one particular book, that together they created a beautiful theatre performance about it’s story, and performed it to a live audience this week.
Year 2 have been studying the book, WILD written by author, Emily Hughes. It is a gorgeously illustrated and elegantly narrated picture book about a wild little girl who is raised by animals and then brought back to civilization. Featuring beautifully rendered illustrations, the book depicts the cosiness and warmth of nature in a forest, and how it embraces a little girl called Wild as one of its own. Beneath it’s beautiful drawings, the story carries a very strong message that everyone has the right to be free to be yourself, and to do what you really want to do in life.
With this story in mind, our students created a powerful stage performance where each child had a part to play. It was colourful, entertaining and demonstrated a wonderful understanding of the concept of the power of nature, and believing in oneself. Well done to all our Year 2 students for their brave performances.
If you want to know about the inspiring teaching and learning that happens everyday in our College, please contact Admissions for enrolment today: 021-3329 9310 or email email@example.com