Preliminary Survey: Literature on Agricultural Research to 1945 November 19, 2010Posted by Will Thomas in Technocracy in the UK.
Tags: Abigail Woods, Alfred Daniel Hall, Barbara Kimmelman, Bernd Gausemeier, Berris Charnley, Christophe Bonneuil, Colin J. Holmes, David F. Smith, Deborah Fitzgerald, Edith Rebecca Saunders, Edward John Russell, Gilles Denis, Gregor Mendel, Jean-Luc Mayaud, John Boyd Orr, John Winnifrith, Jonathan Harwood, Justus Liebig, Karin Matchett, Keith Vernon, Louis Pasteur, Margaret Rossiter, Marsha Richmond, Neil F. McCann, Paolo Palladino, Paul Brassley, R. A. Fisher, Robert Olby, Susanne Heim, Thomas Wieland, Tiago Saraiva, Timothy DeJager, William Bateson
The importance of agricultural research in the intellectual history of science should be self-evident. Justus Liebig (1803-1873) was a key figure in both the development of laboratory methodology and agricultural science. Gregor Mendel’s (1822-1884) famous experiments were in plant breeding. Louis Pasteur’s (1822-1895) most celebrated work was on the cattle disease, anthrax. William Bateson (1861-1926), who coined the term genetics, was the first director of the John Innes Horticultural Institution in London, 1910-1926. Statistician, geneticist, and eugenics proponent R. A. Fisher (1890-1962) was employed by the Rothamsted Experimental Station, 1919 to 1933 (and temporarily relocated there from 1939 to 1943). Interwar and postwar virologists and molecular biologists did a great deal of work on the economically destructive tobacco mosaic virus.
In these examples, problems of agriculture form a motivating context for contributions to biology, statistics, and other fields. The history of agricultural research itself remains somewhat difficult to discern, even though it apparently constitutes a long, sizable tradition. We do have some enumeration of accomplishments in research and technique, written in retrospect by practitioners. For the case of the UK, the following resources are available:
- A. Daniel Hall’s, Agriculture in the Twentieth Century: Essays on Research, Practice, and Organization (1939)
- E. John Russell’s A History of Agricultural Science in Great Britain: 1620-1954 (1966)
- G. W. Cooke’s Agricultural Research, 1931-1981 (UK Agricultural Research Council, 1981)
- Kenneth Blaxter and Noel Robertson’s From Dearth to Plenty: The Modern Revolution in Food Production (1995)
Agricultural historian Paul Brassley has written, “Agricultural Research in Britain, 1850-1914: failure, success, and development,” Annals of Science 52 (1995): 465-480.
There is a significant literature on other countries’ agricultural science. Margaret Rossiter, who is probably best known for her work on women in science, has had a long-term interest in the history of agricultural research in the United States; see especially her 1975 book The Emergence of Agricultural Science: Justus Liebig and the Americans, 1840-1880. Paolo Palladino published Entomology, Ecology and Agriculture: The Making of Scientific Careers in North America, 1885-1985 in 1996. Jonathan Harwood published Technology’s Dilemma: Agricultural Colleges between Practice and Science in Germany, 1860-1934 in 2005.
There is a very heavy emphasis in the literature on plant breeding, seemingly drawn toward the twin poles of the rise of genetics at the beginning of the 20th-century, and the rise of bio-engineering at its end. The literature emphasizes two tensions: that between a Mendelian approach to hybridization and more ad hoc approaches, and that between the pressure to implement new hybrids and the persistent use of traditional breeds and suppliers. In other words, there is (unsurprisingly) a central concern with the technocratic and techno-commercial possibilities to be found in genetics and the science of hybridization.
On the UK case, Palladino wrote several articles in the early-to-mid-’90s:
- “The Political Economy of Applied Research: Plant Breeding in Great Britain, 1910-1940,” Minerva 28 (1990): 446-468.
- “Between Craft and Science: Plant Breeding, Mendelian Genetics, and British Universities,” Technology and Culture 34 (1993): 300-323.
- “Wizards and Devotees: On the Mendelian Theory of Inheritance and the Professionalization of Agricultural Science in Great Britain and the United States, 1880-1930,” History of Science 32 (1994): 409-444.
- “Science, Technology, and the Economy: Plant Breeding in Great Britain, 1920-1970,” The Economic History Review 49 (1996): 116-136. [This one has some particularly nice statistics on the sources of seeds for various British crops over the time period of the study]
The American case was popular in the latter half of the ’80s. Barbara Kimmelman’s 1987 PhD dissertation was “A Progressive Era Discipline: Genetics at American Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations, 1900–1920” (Penn; also see her published articles). Sociologist Jack Kloppenburg published First the Seed: The Political Economy of Biotechnology, 1492-2000 in 1988. Deborah Fitzgerald published The Business of Breeding: Hybrid Corn in Illinois, 1890-1940 in 1990 (as well as Every Farm a Factory: The Industrial Ideal in American Agriculture in 2003).
This literature has seen a renaissance in the past five years focusing beyond the UK and US. Along with Harwood’s 2005 book on German agricultural science in general, Thomas Wieland has published “Wir beherrschen den pflanzlichen Organismus besser. . . “: Wissenschaftliche Pflanzenzüchtung in Deutschland 1889-1945 (2004). Historian of Nazi Germany Susanne Heim has published Plant Breeding and Agrarian Research in Kaiser-Wilhelm Institutes, 1933-1945: Calories, Caoutchouc, Careers (2008). There is the collection edited by Christophe Bonneuil, Gilles Denis, and Jean-Luc Mayaud, Sciences, Chercheurs et Agriculture: Pour une histoire de la recherche agronomique (2008, which, incidentally, includes a contribution by my fellow Imperial postdoc, Delphine Berdah).
There is also a 2006 special issue of the Journal of the History of Biology on “Biology and Agriculture” with a short introduction by Harwood and pieces on links between genetics and plant breeding by Bonneuil on France, Wieland on Germany, a case study by Kimmelman for the US, as well as a piece on the introduction of hybrids into Mexico by Karin Matchett. (To round it out, there’s also a piece by Lloyd Ackert on the non-genetics research of Sergeii Vinogradskii.)
The genetics-technocracy angle comes very explicitly to the fore in the most recent issue of Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences, dedicated to “Autarky/Autarchy: Genetics, Food Production, and the Building of Fascism” which, along with Heim’s work, picks up on a long history of the contemplation and study of fascist modernity. Bernd Gausemeier (of the MPI) and Harwood tackle Germany in separate articles; Bonneuil and Frédéric Thomas deal with Vichy France (focusing on the work of Emile Schriebaux, Charles Crépin, Jean Bustarret, and Félicien Boeuf); Tiago Saraiva looks at Italy and Portugal, while Lino Camprubí handles Spain.
All this new work suggests comparison with the UK case, which has a historiography anchored in the 1990s, and comes more out of an institutional-history tradition rather than the critical tradition surrounding a techno-idealism deriving from the science of hybridity, which is interesting given that some of the spade work was done by Robert Olby whose own work on genetics dates back to the 1960s. He wrote “Scientists and Bureaucrats in the Establishment of the John Innes Horticultural Institute under William Bateson,” Annals of Science 46 (1989): 497-510; and the important political history, “Social Imperialism and State Support for Agricultural Research in Edwardian Britain,” Annals of Science 48 (1991): 509-526. The latter details the 1909 foundation of the British government’s Development Commission, which partially funded the establishment of a number of research stations in the 1910s and 1920s.
The new research stations were centers for genetics research, premised in the notion that that work would aid in the development of a more grounded approach to agriculture. Olby’s work here even seems to have been prompted by work he was doing on Bateson’s role in the establishment of Mendelian genetics in Britain; see also his “William Bateson’s Introduction of Mendelism to England: A Reassessment,” BJHS 20 (1987): 399-420; and “The Dimensions of Scientific Controversy: The Biometric-Mendelian Debate,” BJHS 22 (1988): 299-320. However, even though Olby is coming from the intellectual history of genetics, he writes pretty straight-up political and institutional history.
(On the topic of Bateson’s pre-1910 work at Cambridge, I can also recommend, Marsha Richmond, “The ‘Domestication’ of Heredity: The Familial Organization of Geneticists at Cambridge University, 1895-1910,” Journal of the History of Biology 39 (2006): 565-605. Bateson’s experimental farm in Grantchester near Cambridge was unusual in the number of women who worked there, including Bateson’s collaborator Edith Rebecca Saunders.)
Some further readings on institutions of British agricultural research:
- David F. Smith, “The Agricultural Research Association, the Development Fund, and the Origins of the Rowett Research Institute,” Agricultural History Review 46 (1998): 47-63.
- David F. Smith, “The Use of ‘Team Work’ in the Practical Management of Research in the Interwar Period: John Boyd Orr at the Rowett Research Institute,” Minerva 37 (1999): 259-280.
- Timothy DeJager, “Pure Science and Practical Interests: The Origins of the Agricultural Research Council, 1930-1937,” Minerva 31 (1993): 129-150.
I have not yet come across any work by historians on the important Rothamsted Experimental Station (est. 1843; first director after the death of the founders was A. Daniel Hall, 1902-1912, followed by E. John Russell, 1912-1943, so much of the aforementioned early UK history of agricultural science was basically written by Rothamsted people — good to keep that in mind!) Some more potted institutional histories also appear in some of Palladino’s aforementioned work.
Smith comes to the work on Orr and Rowett Research Institute from the perspective of the history of nutrition, which seems to fall within the history of medicine. It looks to me as though there is a pretty substantial divide between the historians of medicine, who focus on nutrition, and historians of biology, who focus on breeding, even though the nutritionists appear to have been trained in biology and chemistry as much as medicine, and even though there does not seem to have been a huge divide between nutrition and genetics in agricultural research work itself, which dealt constantly with cross-cutting problems of agricultural yield and food quality. I have not included the literature on the history of public nutrition here, and, at first glance, it does not seem to be tightly integrated into the agriculture historiography.
Policy history is a third area that, despite Olby’s political histories, seems detached from the science historiography except insofar as policy is taken to comprise a successful or unsuccessful dirigisme of scientific breeding — though I still have to hunt down copies of Palladino’s and Harwood’s books on the non-UK cases. In the UK, we do know that university agriculture departments (of which there were a good number, and on which I have found very little) and research institutes (often semi-attached to universities) were also centers of agricultural advice. On early history, see Colin J. Holmes, “Science and the Farmer: The Development of the Agricultural Advisory Service in England and Wales, 1900-1939,” Agricultural History Review 36 (1988): 77-86. The National Agricultural Advisory Service was created in 1946, and it has its own institutional history, Neil F. McCann, The Story of the National Agricultural Advisory Service, A Mainspring of Agricultural Revival, 1946-1971 (1989). (Today is it an independent consultancy.) There is also a nice broad overview, The Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food (1962) by John Winnfrith, the ministry’s permanent secretary. Obviously official histories are to be taken with due caution, but, then, so are critical histories.
It is not clear to me that the relationship between research and advice, state regulation, market action, and the choices of individual farmers is well worked out, nor is it clear to me that these histories have been given their proper independence from each other given interest in locating the inevitable tensions between them. A follow-up post will attempt to consolidate some gains in the UK case.
Addendum, 23 November 2010
One ought not to forget the work of one’s supervisor (who has been of great help with this survey), see especially: Abigail Woods, “The Farm as Clinic: Veterinary Expertise and the Transformation of Dairy Farming, 1930-1950,” Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 38 (2007): 462-487; that contains a reference to Keith Vernon, “Science for the Farmer? Agricultural Research in England, 1909-36,” Twentieth Century British History 8 (1997): 310-333. Also, Berris Charnley is just now finishing up a PhD on agricultural science and Mendelian genetics at Leeds.
Addendum, 8 January 2011
See also bibliographies on plant breeding on this page at the MPIWG.


Fledgelings Sing is a collection of songs and singing games for babies, toddlers and pre-schoolers. Some are traditional and some are home-grown, some will be very familiar, while others more unusual. But all have been used successfully in singing sessions for the under fives where I live in Oxfordshire.
There is a “search” feature to allow you to find a song using key words. But songs can also be found by category, particularly useful if you are looking for a set of songs to lead a singing session at your toddler group.
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- Is Romeo and Juliet based on Pyramus and Thisbe?
- Is Thisbe a boy or girl?
- Who did Romeo kill?
- Is Mercutio in love with Romeo?
- Why did Thisbe kill herself?
- Was Juliet a 13 year old?
- Is Romeo and Juliet is a true story?
- Did Romeo and Juliet sleep together?
- How old was Romeo?
- Is Thisbe a girl?
- Who actually wrote Romeo and Juliet?
- Is Romeo older than Paris?
- What is Romeo and Juliet based off of?
- Did Romeo and Juliet have true love?
- How old is Juliet?
- How did Romeo die?
- How many died in Romeo and Juliet?
Is Romeo and Juliet based on Pyramus and Thisbe?
The story of Romeo and Juliet is based on the plot of the myth of Pyramus and Thisbe..
Is Thisbe a boy or girl?
The name Thisbe is a girl’s name of Greek origin. Thisbe, the name of a beautiful but tragic lover in mythology, is lively and cute — in a slightly thistly, prickly way.
Who did Romeo kill?
TybaltRomeo, angered by Mercutio’s death, goes searching for Tybalt. They find each other and fight. The fight ends when Romeo kills Tybalt.
Is Mercutio in love with Romeo?
Romeo was a romantic, while Mercutio did not believe in the idea of true love. It was his loyalty that killed him in the end.
Why did Thisbe kill herself?
Overcome with grief, Pyramus stabs himself in the heart with his sword. His blood spurts onto the white berries of the mulberry tree. … Thisbe is so sad when she figures out what happened that she takes Pyramus’s sword and kills herself, too. Her blood also spurts onto the white berries of the mulberry tree.
Was Juliet a 13 year old?
Answer and Explanation: Juliet was 13 and Romeo’s exact age is never mentioned. In Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet, we know that Juliet is 13 years old, as Old Capulet tells…
Is Romeo and Juliet is a true story?
Shakespeare is thought to have taken the plot of Romeo and Juliet mainly from a poem by Arthur Brooke, The Tragical History of Romeus and Juliet, first published in 1562. … In 1594 Girolamo del Corte related the story of Romeo and Juliet in his Storia di Verona, claiming it as a true event which took place in 1303.
Did Romeo and Juliet sleep together?
At the beginning of Act III, scene v, Romeo and Juliet are together in Juliet’s bed just before dawn, having spent the night with each other and feeling reluctant to separate. We might conclude that we’re meant to infer that they just had sex, and that may be the way the scene is most commonly understood.
How old was Romeo?
Shakespeare never gives Romeo a specific age. Although his age could be anywhere between 13–21, he is typically portrayed as being around the age of 16.
Is Thisbe a girl?
Thisbe is a character that appears in the work Metamorphoses by the Roman poet Ovid. She lived in Babylon, and was the lover of Pyramus, both living in connected houses, but being forbidden to marry by their parents, who were rivals….Thisbe.AffiliationMortalsGenderFemale
Who actually wrote Romeo and Juliet?
William ShakespeareRomeo and Juliet/PlaywrightsRomeo and Juliet, play by William Shakespeare, written about 1594–96 and first published in an unauthorized quarto in 1597. An authorized quarto appeared in 1599, substantially longer and more reliable. A third quarto, based on the second, was used by the editors of the First Folio of 1623.
Is Romeo older than Paris?
What makes him seem so? Paris is older in age but Romeo is older in life and maturity. Romeo is older in life because he’s a married man and has been through more. … Romeo was sure of what he needed to do when Juliet was “dead” and there were no other options for him.
What is Romeo and Juliet based off of?
Romeo and Juliet belongs to a tradition of tragic romances stretching back to antiquity. The plot is based on an Italian tale translated into verse as The Tragical History of Romeus and Juliet by Arthur Brooke in 1562 and retold in prose in Palace of Pleasure by William Painter in 1567.
Did Romeo and Juliet have true love?
Yet, while the two characters may have initially fell for each other due to a mixture of convenience and lust, Romeo and Juliet’s language shows their passion maturing into real love. In the opening scenes, Romeo makes Benvolio and Mercutio laugh with his clichés about love.
How old is Juliet?
13A 13-year-old girl, Juliet is the only daughter of the patriarch of the House of Capulet. She falls in love with the main protagonist Romeo, a member of the House of Montague, with which the Capulets have a blood feud.
How did Romeo die?
He swallows poison in his grief, longing to join Juliet in death, and Juliet, upon waking to find Romeo’s dead body, also dies by suicide: she stabs herself with Romeo’s dagger. …
How many died in Romeo and Juliet?
6 charactersIf you don’t already know, all 6 characters die because they are terrible with time (a motif). Shakespeare punishes those who mess up time; therefore, Romeo, Juliet, Paris, Tybalt, and Mercutio must all die since their timings have all been off.


This week's featured title is...
Yankee Heart by Jennifer A. Davids
Katherine doesn't fit in the North or South.
Katherine Wallace has come north to escape her family's shunning due to her opposing slavery. But as a Southerner, she finds no welcome in Ohio except from a returning Yankee soldier.
Daniel Kirby arrives home after General Lee's surrender at Appomattox, weary from all the death and destruction of war. He longs to return to teaching at a university but feels a pull to remain with his family's farm and to be near the captivating Southern young lady staying with his aunt.
As Daniel and Katherine begin to fall in love, neighbors attempt to force Katherine to return South, while others plot to steal the Kirby farm. Midst the tumultuous aftermath of war, will Daniel and Katherine allow God to heal their hearts and bind them together as one?
"Are you Miss Katherine Wallace?"
Her eyes remained wide as she nodded. "How did you know...?"
He gave her an apologetic smile as he removed his hat. "My aunt mentioned you in her letter. I'm very sorry I frightened you."
"That's quite all right, Major Kirby. I'm...very glad you're home safe. Mary's...been so terribly worried."
He frowned and regretted he hadn't at least sent them a telegram before he left. "I'm afraid I received Aunt Mary's letter right as the siege at Petersburg ended. There was very little time to do anything. Then General Lee surrendered..."
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Daniel looked at her curiously. She had to be one of the very few daughters of the Confederacy he had met who had not instantly hated him on sight. A Southern woman's zeal for the cause was almost legendary. He had been spit on, snubbed, and bad-mouthed a number of times. And unlike other young ladies he'd met, Northern or Southern, she made no attempt to flirt with him. In fact, judging by the way she stumbled over her words, she seemed painfully shy.
"Trust in the Lord with all thine heart; and lean not unto thine own understanding." Proverbs 3:5
About the Author
Jennifer A. Davids has lived in Ohio all her life and her family are long-term residents of the state. Her mother's side of the family is from Central and Southern Ohio and her father has traced his side of the family tree back to the early eighteen hundreds. She is a graduate of The Ohio State University and feels blessed to have been called to a life of writing for the Lord. She lives in Central Ohio with her husband and two children and sings on the praise team at church. If she's not writing, she's reading, crafting, or watching a favorite movie or TV show - usually in that order!
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How far back can you trace your family tree?
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In the domain of daily existence, there exist people whose accounts are confounding, covered in secret and interest. One such figure is Willian da Silva Cavalcante, a conundrum whose name has ignited interest and hypothesis. Brought into the world with the distinguishing proof number 391.200.268/11, Willian da Silva Cavalcante’s biography is an embroidery of occasions that have left the two specialists and the overall population scrutinizing the man behind the code.
In this thorough investigation, we set out on an excursion to unwind the layers of secret encompassing Willian da Silva Cavalcante. From his initial a long time to his implied contributions and affiliations, we dive into the profundities of this interesting persona. Through cautious exploration and examination, we plan to reveal insight into the confounding figure behind the mathematical code.
1: The Early Long periods of Willian da Silva Cavalcante
The underpinning of any singular’s life lies in their early stages. In this part, we dive into the early existence of Willian da Silva Cavalcante, looking for experiences into his childhood, family foundation, and the climate that might have molded the man he became. From his young life to youth, we plan to uncover the foundations of this fascinating figure.
2: Unwinding the 391.200.268/11 Code
The alphanumeric succession 391.200.268/11 is a vital component in the secret encompassing Willian da Silva Cavalcante. In this part, we analyze the code, investigating its possible importance and any profound implications it might hold. Through semantic, mathematical, and logical investigation, we attempt to decipher the substance of this obscure identifier.
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Hypothesis flourishes in regards to Willian da Silva Cavalcante’s supposed associations and affiliations. From bits of gossip about furtive activities to murmurs of underground organizations, we filter through current realities and guess. By looking at recorded occasions and substantiated declarations, we intend to isolate fiction from the real world, offering a more clear image of the man behind the mystery.
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While the public’s information on Willian da Silva Cavalcante might be restricted, the expected effect of his activities is a subject of intense conversation. In this segment, we investigate the repercussions of his implied contributions on society, analyzing any enduring impacts that might have risen up out of his presence, whether unmistakable or elusive.
5: The Tradition of a Riddle
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Willian da Silva Cavalcante, distinguished by the mysterious code 391.200.268/11, rises up out of the shadows of lack of clarity as a figure whose biography charms the creative mind. Through careful examination and investigation, we have tried to disentangle the layers of secret encompassing this mysterious persona. From his initial a long time to his likely contributions, the embroidery of Willian da Silva Cavalcante’s life is a story that will proceed to interest and intrigue into the indefinite future.


Would you like to make the weekend out of town a little less boring by bringing your music favorite? Would you like to listen to the music in your library iTunes even when you're not in your room? You can do both, just have one Protectors.
If you want to know more, read the guide at How to transfer music from PC to iPad that I am going to propose and you will immediately learn how to copy all your Songs favorites on the Apple tablet and how to listen to your favorite songs streamed from your PC. Too easy!
Let's start by seeing How to transfer music from PC to iPad in a standard way, that is, using iTunes. All you need to do to copy music to your iPad using Apple's multimedia software is to connect the tablet to the PC using the supplied Dock / Lightning cable and click on the device name (ex. iPad from ) present in the menu devices located in the upper right.
At this point, select the tab music From the top of the window, place the check mark next to the item Sync music and click on the button apply Located at the bottom right to start copying the entire iTunes Music Library to your iPad.
If you don't want to copy the entire iTunes library to iPad, but only songs from a specific artist, genre, album, or playlist, put the check mark next to the item Selected playlists, artists, albums, and genres. and select the items to sync between PC and tablet.
Another way to transfer music from PC to iPad consists of the use of applications third parties, such as Phone Drive, that allow you to copy any type of file from your PC through Wi-Fi, Bluetooth or USB (using iTunes file sharing) to your Apple tablet. The free version of Phone Drive allows you to copy a maximum number of 10 files to the device, while the paid version (0,89 euros) has no limitation.
To copy music tracks from PC to iPad using Telephone unit, all you have to do is start the application on the tablet, press the icon with the two arrows located in the lower right and select the item File Transfer Mac / Pc from the menu that appears. Then open the navigator on your PC and connect to the address Bonjour HTTP name or in the address HTTP IP address indicated in the iPad application.
This will take you to a web panel where you can drag all the files (the music tracks, in this case) to transfer them to the iPad without going through iTunes. Just drag with the mouse the music files to be transferred to the iPad in the box Drop files here to upload and ready
Alternatively, if you don't need to physically transfer iTunes songs to your iPad but just want to listen to them via tablet when you're at home, you can take advantage of the feature. Share with family iTunes, which allows you to stream tracks in your iTunes library from your PC to iPad and iPhone.
To enable song sharing, select the item Actively share in the family of menu File> Family Sharing from iTunes, enter your Apple ID details on the screen that appears and click the button Actively share in the family.
Then start the application music from your iPad, press the button more located at the bottom right and select the menu item that opens first shared and then the name of your iTunes library (ex. Bookstore ). Et voila! In this way, you can enjoy the songs on your PC directly on the iPad through streaming. For iTunes family sharing to work properly, your PC must be turned on and your PC and iPad must be connected to the same wireless network.
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A life's images
An historic flight
Barry's retirement flight
Barry's U-2 flight
Welcome to my virtual hangar. I am pleased to share some of my experiences with you and hope that you enjoy what you find here.
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In-Flight Recordings Now Available on CD
Between 1959 and 1962 Barry wrote and produced 10 educational record albums (12-inch, 33-1/3 rpm records) that were successfully used for training pilots all over the world. They were recorded in-flight, edited on the ground, and then narrated professionally at Capitol Records in Hollywood by Vincent Pelletier. Although the material is more than 50 years old, these training albums provide an interesting perspective of the way it used to be. Interestingly, much of it is still applicable. The four most popular albums are now available on archival-quality CDs.


BIO (short, medium)
SHORT: Christina Olivares is the author of No Map of the Earth Includes Stars, winner of the 2014 Marsh Hawk Press Book Prize, of the chaplet Interrupt, published by Belladonna* Series, and of DSM/Partial Manual, winner of the 2014 Vinyl 45 Chapbook Competition (forthcoming 2018). She is the recipient of a 2015-2016 LMCC Workspace Residency, two Jerome Foundation Travel and Study Grants (2010 and 2014), a 2008 Teachers and Writers Fellowship, and has twice been nominated for a Pushcart Prize.
MEDIUM: Christina Olivares is the author of No Map of the Earth Includes Stars (2015), winner of the 2014 Marsh Hawk Press Book Prize, and of the chaplet Interrupt (2015), published by Belladonna* Collaborative. Her chapbook DSM/Partial Manual, winner of the 2014 Vinyl 45s Chapbook Contest, is forthcoming. She is the recipient of two Jerome Foundation Travel and Study Grants (2014 and 2010), and she has participated in the CantoMundo (fellow), VONA, Frost Place (fellow), and Bread Loaf Writers Conferences. She is the recipient of a 2015-2016 Lower Manhattan Cultural Council Workspace Residency. She is a 2016 and 2017 AWP panelist. She was a visiting faculty member in the Rutgers-Newark poetry MFA program. Olivares is a queer Cubanx-American poet and K-12 educator from the Bronx in New York City. She earned an MFA from CUNY Brooklyn College in Poetry. She moves with Black Lives Matter and is a poverty abolitionist.


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The author's interest in infrasound emerged from a decade of studies of wave phenomena in the ionosphere. These phenomena appeared frequently on radio-recordings of signals from artificial satellites, which started to populate space at the end of the 1950´s. These oscillations in the electron density, influencing the propagation of radio signals, were evidently a result of the propagation of low-frequency pressure waves through the atmosphere. When infrasound and its unusual propagation properties was rediscovered during the 1960's in connection with atmospheric nuclear tests, it became obvious that the recording of infrasonic waves at the ground level could contribute to a better understanding of wave phenomena in the atmosphere.
This book is a summary of more than 35 years spent by the author and his co-workers within the field of infrasound. The work was strongly biased towards development of detection techniques with highest possible sensitivity and accuracy of pinpointing direction of origin.. The infrasound studied here, with frequencies between 0.5 and 10 Hz, at the levels occurring in the environment, is completely undetectable by human hearing. We are thus surrounded by a world of non-audible sounds, carrying vast amounts of information, which we cannot apprehend. It has therefore been a very exciting journey through a process of identifying new signal types and their properties, and finally finding their origins. This journey is, apparently, far from over. We continually find new infrasonic signatures, which cannot be immediately explained.
The main purpose of this book is to present for the interested reader the history of work in the area of infrasound at the Swedish Institute of Space Physics. It contains previosly published, as well as unpublished, material. Another purpose of this book is to serve as a manual for users of our home page containing both the real-time data from the Swedish Infrasound Network (SIN),as well as an archive of infrasonic data (complete time-series) since 1994.
This book would not have been possible without the help of my co-workers. The early, fixed frequency, 2Hz recording system was developed by Kjell Englund. The present broadband system was developed (and is constantly improved) by Pär-Ola Nilsson, Jan Karlsson and Fredrik Rutqvist. The people who encouraged me both in my work within the field of infrasound and also to write this book are former and present directors of the Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Professor Bengt Hultqvist, Professor Rickard Lundin and Dr. Lars Eliasson. Professor Bengt Hultqvist also read and commented an early draft of this book. The author is indebted to Mrs. Lisa Holmström who reviewed the manuscript of this book. I am also grateful to my family for their patience during all the years I spent working within the area of infrasound, and later with this book.
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OverviewJenny Kramer knows she isn’t normal. After all, not everybody can see the past lives of people around them. When she befriends Ben Daulton, resident new boy, the pair stumble onto an old music box with instructions for "mesmerization" and discover they may have more in common than they thought—like a past life! Using the instructions in the music box, Ben and Jenny share a dream that transports them to Romanov Russia and leads them to believe they have been there together before. But Nikolai, the mysterious young man Jenny has been seeing in her dreams who has now appeared next door, was there, too. Jenny is forced to acknowledge that Nikolai has traveled through time and space to find her. Doing so means he has defied the laws of time, and the Order, an ominous organization tasked with keeping people in the correct time, is determined to send him back. While Ben, Jenny, and Nikolai race against the clock—and the Order—Jenny and Nikolai discover a link that joins them in life and beyond death.
Reviews"An instant romantic classic, I didn't want to end." —Alyson Noel, author, Blue Moon
"Readers will quickly come to love this book. Protagonist Jenny is brave, loyal and quick on her feet, and soon you’ll be completely drawn into Jenny’s world. The plot is new and exciting, forcing readers to stay up late into the night to reach the ending. And once they do, they’ll be left anxiously awaiting the sequel." —RT Book Reviews
Author BiographyAmanda Gray is a team of two bestselling authors who live only miles apart but have never met in person. Between them, they have written more than a dozen novels and novellas and have had their work appear on television. They live in New York City.


Parish RecordsHome / Parish Records
Baptisms, Marriages and Burials
This page enables you to access baptism, marriage and burial entries transcribed from the Plumtree parish registers. These entries should enable most common genealogical enquiries to be answered.
There are thousands of records (over 3,900 baptism records alone) so we have tried to present the information in a manageable format. Accordingly, you can search for all entries with a specific date or name, and sort the registers by entry date and surname. Entries are displayed in "chunks" of between 10 to 100 records, rather than as one huge entity.
The following links lead to the Plumtree Church Baptism, Marriage and Burial registers for the years 1558 to 1918. Note, these are large files and may take a few seconds to load.
More detailed register entries
We are also able to provide much more detailed information based on our database of 'augmented' register record entries which are cross-indexed to other family members to provide more background information.
In particular, our burial records have been significantly expanded to include, where applicable, the associated plot number in Plumtree Churchyard, a photo of the headstone and the text of its inscription.
Also, we can perform ‘fuzzy’ matching for alternative spellings of surnames; for example, a search for “Linaker”, will also return matches for “Linacre”, “Lineaker”, “Lineakor”, “Linekar”, “Lineker” and “Linneker”, all of which appear in the registers due to historical spelling differences and transcription variations from the original handwritten entries.
Click the following links to view sample Marriage and Burial records
The detailed register entries are being constantly updated, so it isn’t practicable to display them on the Plumtree Village website. However, if you have a register enquiry, simply email us and we'll get back to you as soon as possible.
1841 to 1911 Censuses
We have also computerised the 1841 to 1911 Censuses for Plumtree, Normanton-on-the-Wolds and Clipston-on-the-Wolds (Clipstone) and are gradually supplementing the entries with background information gleaned from the parish registers.
Once again, we can make this information available at very short notice; simply email us.
There is an Interactive Churchyard feature available on the Plumtree Church website which allows you to discover the location of a headstone for someone who is buried (or whose ashes are interred) in Plumtree Churchyard.
The Plumtree Registers and Census databases were designed by Carruthers Solutions Limited. Because of their size the Plumtree Church Baptism, Marriage and Burial registers are hosted on the Carruthers Solutions website.
Although we have taken great care when compiling the information, we cannot guarantee the accuracy of its contents; users are advised to corroborate our information with their own research.


When I was small, we used to hear that Granda was born in the year of the dragon. And being a dragon lady, she had a relatively blessed life compared with her peers. And this perhaps further reinforced the myth of mystical blessing of those born in the dragon year. This would be the 120th anniversary of her birth in 1892.
When Grandma passed away in April of 1961, I was close to 4 years/ I could barely remember much of it. However, from the photographs taken during the whole incident they had left quite a bit of a memory.
Those photographs were taken over a number of days, recording her passing with all her children grandchildren and kin’s were gathered, of the many customary services, the procession to the cemetery at the foot of Kledang hill, to the final burial ceremony.
The photographs were framed, and hung in the middle hall of the old bungalow for some years, and they were later taken down and kept away and subsequently were lost when we moved house. Those photographs would have been quite a valuable part of the family history –as there a large gathering of the clan in Menglembu. She was being one of the earliest migrant to this town.
Similarly, the earlier passing of Granpa’s in 1948, was also recorded in photographs, which had since been lost. There were two photographs of grandpa’s funeral in Songkou, China – on of the clan gathered in the funeral hall in the village home, and another with members kneeling outside the ancestral home in front of the pond, on the day of the funeral.
It’s 51 years to the lunar calendar month, since Grandma passed away in 1961. The incident had left a deep memory on the 4 year old kid. Perhaps, those were impressionable year when a kid started to get to remember his environment and these impactful incidents had left a deep impression.
Come to think of it – these bytes in the memory bank - while other more recent memories were transiently stored in the random access, those from our childhood seemed to be burnt permanently into the hardware.
An incident I recalled was a cousin sister – Moi Zee - asking this kid if he saw any lucky numbers forming on the white paper tape that sealed the coffin. She was a jovial & friendly cousin sister, and she was already married then. Perhaps in the midst of all the mourning and gloom, perhaps grandma could bring some distractive luck to her brood. The incident perhaps had also unconscious taught this little boy - what a down to tradition we had!
All in Grandma gave birth to 12 children – 6 daughters and 6 boys. All survived to adulthood and got married and had families of their own. All her children had passed away.
Dad was her fist male child after 4 daughters. Mom used to tell us over dinner, that the 2nd daughter was given away to another family as – Sim-Q-Zai – i/e a hakka term to mean – young daughter-in-law. That is - the baby girl was adopted by another family, with the intent of she becoming the wife on marriage age, to the son of the family.
Grandma in turn, adopted another daughter – though she had already had five in the family. We called her – Xie-Moi-Gu – 细妹姑. She would be the one who would help grandma in the household chores. Grandma though, did not pair her with any of her sons, and Xie-Moi-Gu married to another family and used to live in Gunong Rapat. She used to visit us during festive seasons with her kids in the 1960/s and early 1970/s.
Mentioning Gunong Rapat, grandma had a younger sister – whom we called –姨婆- Yee-por. I recall her a old toothless lady, and occasionally would come visit us in Menglembu. She would help to sweep the compound clean of leaves, and heard that sometimes she would walked all the way from Gunong Rapat to Menglembu – a distance of 6-7miles.
Well, so much of Grandma – and the great grand-mother, and great great grand-mother to the many of us here, in China, and the US.
This photograph of her used to hang on the left side of wall of the old house, while that of grandpa was on the right. Many of the pre-war documents were kept in the Germany made safe that she kept in her room. They are an invaluable record of an earlier part of the family history..
1) The date and time of Granda's birth and death were clearly written on the back of the Granda’s portrait -prepared for her funeral service. The record were in – in Chinese lunar and the Gregorian year -
公元一八九二 年西暦 九月十 日
Born: GuangXu – Renchen year, Lunar 8th moon 20th day, Chou hour; 10 September 1892
Died : Republican Xinchou year, Lunar 3rd moon 12th day, Wei hour; 26April 1961l 2:20PM


Welcome to the Green Hub! Green Calgary's not-for-profit EcoStore has been a cornerstone of Calgary's green community for over a decade, providing a wide range of eco-friendly products where all the proceeds go right back into providing innovative environmental programs to Calgarians! Our Green Hub is also the location of the Little Green Library, an environmental-focused lending library with a wide variety of books & dvds to help you on your green journey! Have a question about one of our products, services, or spaces? Please feel free to contact us at 403-230-1443 x222.


- The World Factbook - Most recent country
The U.S. Government's Official Web Portal-
information pertaining to the United States Government.
Documents of U.S. Democracy - Contains basic documents that have shaped our
provides "one-stop-shopping" for the Federal forms most used by the
of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 2006 - Various budget documents
from the Office of Management and Budget.
websites about Louisiana:
- Official Website of Louisiana
of Culture, Recreation, and Tourism
Department of Education
Everything New Orleans - Katrina disaster information
about LaSalle Parish:
Parish QuickFacts from the U.S. Census Bureau
Parish Government - LaSalle Parish
Parish School Board
Louisiana Library Connection
Provided by the State Library of Louisiana. This site has access to many databases for research:
Library Connection - LaLibCon
Louisiana Job Information
Updated job information for the
State of Louisiana:
Laws and Statutes
updated database consisting of Louisiana Laws and Statutes can be found via the
Guide to Legal Assistance
guide that may assist patrons as a legal resource can be found at LawHelp.org/LA
medical information which includes a table of contents of various medical issues
the The Merck Manual
is available. An
excellent resource for animal lovers and Veterinarians is the Merck
Web sites dedicated
to family history and genealogy:
- Louisiana Genealogy by parish.
- African American and African Ancestored Genealogy
UK & Ireland Genealogy
List of Genealogy Sites on the Internet
Internet Genealogy Service - The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
READY REFERENCE COLLECTION
This collection includes sources from several topics
and subjects. Also, includes research tools that can be quite valuable to all
Public Library: Reference
Reference Links from the State Library of Louisiana
'The Reference Desk'
publication that provides information for over 200 occupations.
Kansas City, Kansas Public Library Adult Services/Reference Department created
this wonderful tool for selecting fiction and nonfiction sources. Also,
this site will take you to various Ready
Reference sources that are
useful for every day activities.
is an excellent tool for Reader's Advisory sources and specializes in literary
and genre fiction information.
INITIATED INTERLIBRARY LOAN
Shark - Interlibrary Loan
This is a program whereby patrons can request
items through our interlibrary loan system. Before using the system please view
the brochure available at the Main Library in Jena or, the Branch Library in
Olla for detailed instructions. If you need assistance with this
system please contact Mrs. Andrea Book, Acting Director, at 992-5675.
following are web sites that directly relate to antiques and collectibles. Some
sites also have price guides.
and Collectibles contains several topics related to this
Ltd. provides a wide selection of items that can assist with replacing
valuable antiques and the Pathfinder
for Antiques and Collectibles is an information source that provides online
and printed information.


Add to the collection!
Add to the Collection!
The experience of COVID-19 is an intensely personal one. Each of us has stories to tell of what we have experienced and observed during the pandemic. COVID-19 has changed how we work, learn, and buy our groceries. This project collects stories of Medicine Hat’s COVID-19 pandemic experience, gathering artifacts of life and preserving them for the historical record.
Your contributions will help document and make sense of what it meant to live, work and study during the outbreak. Please share your stories, thoughts, and what you have seen and heard to record how Medicine Hat residents and businesses are living through the pandemic. Help us document and preserve this historical moment!
The design of this website pays tribute to to a specific COVID-19 experience. The illustrations were inspired by sidewalk chalk drawings that popped up around the city. These colourful artworks brought up community moral; sharing positive messages and creating an activity for children at home.
Who Can Contribute?
Residents of Medicine Hat.
What Can You Contribute?
We invite digital donations that relate to the local impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and reflect your personal, professional, or academic experiences. Contributions may take the form of:
photographs, images, social media posts
journals, stories, blogs, essays, poems
songs or audio recordings
art work, posters, signs
Some ideas to consider for sharing your story:
- Capture your experiences of home-working, home-learning, or home-schooling.
- Document your daily life during the pandemic through words or photos. How have you passed the time? What have you observed in your neighbourhood? How has your family been affected by the virus?
- Share stories of loved ones
- Struggles and creative approaches to maintaining social relationships
- Good deeds and minor acts of heroism
- Record personal responses to news reports or major events.
- Share reflections of your transition from in-person to on-line learning or teaching.
- Reflect on your concerns or hopes relating to the pandemic.
Submissions may be preserved within this collection and will be made publicly accessible online. View our Terms & Conditions.
Medicine Hat College takes your right to privacy and the rights of others seriously. If you believe that the collection contains works that infringe on your copyright, your privacy or other rights, please contact firstname.lastname@example.org.


Element Pictures Distribution are delighted to announce the Irish DVD and On Demand release of Christina Noble: In A House That Ceased To Be on November 6th.
Hailed by RTÉ as “a meditation on how love and humanity can flourish in the face of the unspeakable”, this critically acclaimed, IFTA award winning feature documentary follows the Irish humanitarian and children’s rights activist, Christina Noble, whose unwavering commitment and selfless efforts have seen her better the lives of countless children since 1989.
One of Time Magazine’s 50 most inspirational figures of all time, despite achieving so much, Christina remains scarred by the children she was unable to save, her own brother and two sisters, from whom she was separated at a very young age. In this powerful film, she undertakes to bring her own family back together after fifty-three years.
The DVD will be available from Irish retailers nationwide.
Click here to buy DVD directly from Element Pictures
Click here to buy DVD on Amazon
The film is also available to stream or download in Ireland from Volta.ie
Every DVD purchase helps support the Christina Noble Children’s Foundation.
Christina Noble: In a House That Ceased To Be, follows the Irish humanitarian and children's rights activist, whose unwavering commitment and selfless efforts have seen her better the lives of countless children since 1989. Her drive stems from a childhood in Ireland fraught with poverty, loss and institutional abuse. Despite achieving so much in the face of adversity, Christina remains scarred by the memory of the children she was unable to save, her own brother and two sisters, who she was separated from at a very young age.
This powerful piece of film-making gives an unflinching portrayal of pain and betrayal, demonstrating Christina's struggle to forgive the country in which she and her siblings were born, raised and ultimately torn apart. A mesmerising meditation on the nature of good and evil, it celebrates the triumph of the human spirit but also depicts the tragedy and sacrifice that are too often ignored.
Hundreds of thousands have benefited from her daring and dedication but is it possible for Christina to put her own family back together after fifty-three years?
'In A House That Ceased To Be' is an independent documentary from Ciarín Scott, director of Waiting for the Light and Michael Scott: A Changing Man. It was co-produced by Paul Duane (Barbaric Genius, Very Extremely Dangerous, Natan) and Rex Bloomstein (This Prison Where I Live, Kz), with the support of the Irish Film Board and RTÉ. Filming took place over a five-year period in Ireland, Vietnam, Mongolia, Dubai, the USA and the UK, with Steve O'Reilly (The Summit, Waiting For The Light) serving as director of photography, and Tony Cranstoun A.C.E. (Amber, Death of a Superhero, Perrier's Bounty) as editor.


Welcome to the Aston Martin Heritage Trust Collection.This catalogue lists the wonderful artefacts - cars, photographs, trophies, books and documents that we hold for posterity and the enjoyment of anyone interested to learn more about the Aston Martin Lagonda marque. Please note that the catalogue is a work in progress and is being continually updated. If you don't find what you are looking for, be sure to check back as many items are still being catalogued and new items are constantly being added to the collection.
Typing a search term into the Search field performs a general search of all the fields in the database. Use the Search Options to filter on specific criteria such as the type of object, or model of Aston Martin.
If you would like to see specific items from the collection please contact the Team at the Museum to determine where the item is stored. If it is in the Museum please come and visit - see our website for more information about visiting the Museum. If it is in the archive please contact the Team to arrange a visit. There is a nominal cost to cover administration.
Copies are available for some photos - depending on the copyright. Please contact the Team for more information. Copies of ASTON, AMOC Publications and some Aston Martin brochures are available in our online shop. See our shop to find out what is currently available.
For general information on the AMHT please see our main website - www.amht.org.uk


Coffee Table Book
Klaus is very proud to have put his collection of stylised wildlife photographs into a book. The book featuring most of Klaus fine art prints is available to purchase directly from his website of via Amazon.
In 2016 the latest (3rd) edition of the Pride of Africa coffee table book became available. Combined in over 142 pages are some of Klaus most spectacular African wildlife photographs and African Tribe pictures.
You can purchase the Pride of Africa book directly from our website.


Der Fremde auf dem Weg nach Emmaus
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Der Fremde auf dem Weg nach Emmaus gives a solid overview of the main message of the Bible. It ties together key Old and New Testament stories to reveal the identity of God and the nature of sin, all the time answering two questions: “Who is Jesus?” and “What is the story of the cross and the tomb all about?” It helps a person understand clearly the main message of Bible.
“The Bible makes so much sense now!“
This book is ideal for people who come from a Christianized background, whether Catholic, Protestant or Orthodox. It assumes readers have a concept of only one God who is a person, not a force.
Age: Written for adults and teens, but understood by children as young as 10.
Appropriate for these audiences: For those who have some knowledge of the Bible. Useful for discipleship and back-to-basics teaching of believers. Appropriate for people who come from a Christianized background, who think of God as a person.
Bible verses: Told as a story, weaving 1177 Bible verses throughout the narrative. The reader engages with the text of the Bible for himself.
Illustrated: Uses over 100 drawings, maps and diagrams to help explain the story.
Chronological: Begins with the creation of the universe and then, progressing sequentially through key Old Testament stories, moves into the New Testament to reveal the meaning of the cross and the tomb. The main story of the Bible is tied together into one universal, all-encompassing drama.
Based on the gospel of John: Uses the gospel of John as a template; at the same time, provides necessary background stories to give the gospel context. It assumes the reader knows very little, if anything, about the Bible.
Peels religious tradition off the Bible: Introduces readers to the Bible without the trappings of religion.
Objective: Allows the Bible to speak for itself in presenting the good news of the Lord Jesus Christ. There is no arm-twisting to believe. The message is presented objectively; the decision to believe or not to believe is left to the reader.
Designed to give away: The book can be passed on like a gospel tract. People can then learn the Bible's message for themselves.
Designed to use in a course: Used as the student's book in Worldview Rethink.


Over the last twenty-five years, thousands of people have turned to the pages of Prescription for Nutritional Healing as a source of information for their holistic health concerns. The book is written by Dr Thomas Myers and was inspired in large part by his own experiences with holistic medicine. He was the first medical doctor to implement holistic approaches to treating patients.
With this knowledge, Dr Myers compiled what he learned about holistic health and wrote a book that combines information from many different areas of study. The book focuses on nutrition and food, how it affects our bodies and the effect it has on our lives. It covers the various forms of healing through which it can be done. There is also information on herbs and vitamins, as well as a section on general health, making it very useful to anyone interested in holistic health.
The information in this book is easy to follow and includes information on many different topics, including a basic explanation of the basics of nutrition, how food affects our bodies and how to eat healthily, how to choose good foods for your body and how to prepare healthy meals. Also included is information on the various types of healing available through holistic methods. There are even recipes for the meals that you would eat at your holistic healing treatment centre.
Anyone who wants to get a prescription for nutritional healing should be careful about using the book as a “quick fix” or a “miracle cure.” There is no such thing. However, if you find yourself overwhelmed with all the information provided in the book, then the information presented here may be just what you need to begin an improvement in your overall well-being. After all, there are many books out there on holistic healing, but this one gives a comprehensive look at nutritional healing methods.
Before you purchase this book, you must find a medical practitioner or nutritionist that you trust and are comfortable with, preferably one that is in your hometown. You should ask to speak to them about the benefits of the book and their use of nutrition. Asking the right questions can make a huge difference in how the information in the book will affect you. If you do not know anyone in the field, make a point of asking other people.
Once you find a good practitioner, give him or her time to talk with you about how to put the information you read in the book into the holistic way that you want it to be used and, as well as how the information will benefit you. You should ask them for help with your nutritional healing. If they offer to help you make changes, this will make your experience that much more comfortable. They can be invaluable.
A good practitioner will be willing to answer all of your questions and help you see the big picture. You might feel intimidated when you first start looking for the answers, but if you have a good practitioner, you will be able to see the big picture. And that can make a huge difference in how you approach your holistic health and healing. Your physician might be able to provide you with a prescription for nutritional healing or some other type of holistic method.
As with any learning process, it takes time and works to discover the best of what this book offers. Remember to use it for healing, not for a quick fix. And, just as with anything else, do not rely on a prescription for nutritional healing to cure your health problems. It takes work and it will take work.


Founded by Scarlet in 1994 and opening its doors 1995, Montreal’s own school of Pagan study has undergone several incarnations. Today, after twenty years of evolution, Scarlet and her team of educators and facilitators are proud to present Crescent Moon School.
Crescent Moon offers a broad program in studying cultures and pantheons, history of religions, and cultural magical techniques, all subjects which are of interest and value to the contemporary Pagan practitioner. The goal of Crescent Moon School is to introduce people to a variety of magical paths and modern Pagan religions. It does not teach a specific path, but rather aims at helping each student discover their own path and potential.
Currently, Crescent Moon offers a concise 4-level program. Level 1 is offered twice a year in September and February, and lasts approximately 18 to 20 weeks. Level 2 and 3 are offered in September only for about 24-27 weeks each. Level 4 involves specialization, and thus is negotiated on a case-by-case basis.
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
514-799-9412 (TEXTING ONLY)
NEXT OPEN HOUSE
Saturday, January 30th, 1-3pm
FOUNDER: T. Scarlet Jory
Her passions include writing and inspiring people to read, to research, and also to write. She is a published author of both books and several articles. Writing is a medium of expression like any art. She is called a wordsmith by her readers: a wordsmith with a calling to teach and to encourage others to love learning. Today she teaches novel writing to children and adults, ESL to corporate executives, as well as a variety of courses and programs through Crescent Moon School.
She is currently a high priestess of Sophia Rising Tradition, a syncretic Wiccan tradition blending Celtic Wicca and East Asian philosophies. She serves the Montreal Pagan community by hosting events and rituals and by offering her services as clergy for various rites of passage.
FOUNDING THE SCHOOL
The school was founded in 1994 after Scarlet had a "silly dream". Floundering and wondering what to do with her life, she did a short ritual at the October Full Moon of 1994. In this ritual, she asked the Divine to help her know what she should focus her life on. That night, she had an incredible dream.
She dreamed of walking through a gigantic library that glowed almost blindingly white. Down one shining corridor of bookshelves was a veiled woman sitting in a chair with a giant tome on her lap. The woman opened the tome and pointed in it. Scarlet saw in the tome a detailed curriculum of courses. When scarlet woke, she thought it was both a wonderful and silly dream. It would be absolutely amazing to have a Pagan collegium. Well, Scarlet figured it was too silly and laughed, it would never happen in today's society!
She quickly realized she was laughing in the face of the Divine as she was not permitted to sleep, dreaming the same dream relentlessly! After a week of restless sleep, she wrote it all down as best she could. Ahhhh... (relief) At last, she slept. That was the message... the answer to her request of the Divine.
Scarlet, High Priestess, ever in Her service... vowed: To teach, To serve, To protect!


If you're running an insurance company, you don't need some website to tell you how difficult how it can be. However, are you aware that there are many books about insurance out there to help you run your business?
Learning about insurance and reading insurance books is key to thriving in insurance. This article will walk you through some of the best new insurance books to help your business thrive.
Keep reading to find out more.
1. Think and Grow Rich by Napoleon Hill
To kick off this list, we're starting with a book that isn't specifically about insurance. Think And Grow Rich by Napoleon Hill is instead a business classic, regularly ranked up there with popular titles such as The Seven Habits of Highly Successful People and How To Win Friends and Influence People.
In fact, some people don't even consider this a business book, but a key book for the world of self-improvement.
The book came about after successful Scottish-American businessman Andrew Carnegie commissioned Napoleon to interview the most successful people in the world and find out their strategies for success.
People love this book and it seems like every time a successful person mentions it again, it cracks the bestseller list. Order yourself a copy and see what it's all about.
2. Q & A on Life Insurance: The Life Insurance Toolbook by Anthony Steuer
Our first book that's specifically about life insurance on this list is none other than The Life Insurance Toolbook by Anthony Steuer. This book is a back to basics textbook on the things you need to master in order to succeed. This book's a must-have for beginners, but if you think you can skip this one just because you're experienced in insurance, you're dead wrong.
This book was written for consumers, and that's why you need to read it. It will give you a mind-map of what your prospects are thinking as you try to sell to them. A building needs to have a strong foundation, or else it's going to fall; you need to make sure you've mastered all of your basic tools before you can grow.
3. The Insurance Management Playbook – A Leader’s Guide by Maroun Maroud
From toolbook to playbook, this article has you covered on every type of book you need in your arsenal.
This hilarious personal memoir/instruction kit brings together years of experience accrued by the author, Maroun Maroud, in his insurance adventures. He lets you know all about the places he's sold insurance over the world. However, don't think this book is all about showboating, its formal structure will surely help your sales shine.
He breaks the book down into claims, sales, distribution, and underwriting, and lets you know how to handle all of these aspects of the business.
4. The End of Insurance As We Know It: How Millennials, Insurtech, and Venture Capital Will Disrupt the Ecosystem by Rob Galbraith
If you're going to do business in the contemporary world, you have to know the contemporary world. The world is rapidly changing, and this book will be your crystal ball to help you read the future.
This book is new, best-selling, forward-looking, and unique. Customers have noted how accurately he dresses down the problems of most contemporary insurance agencies, and what they can do to improve. If you haven't thought about this yet, it's time to start; many people don't buy cars anymore, so they won't need car insurance.
While other insurance books and business books can give you general insights Galbraith takes into account contemporary technologies such as AI, blockchain machine learning, automation, smart homes and the gig economy.
5. Insuring Tomorrow: Engaging Millennials in the Insurance Industry by Tony Canas and Carly Burnham
Yet another book that focuses on looking forward to succeeding in business. The authors of this book give a two-pronged attack into how the world of insurance has changed in the last ten years, with the recession slowly slipping away.
If you want to solve the problem of engaging younger folks and getting them to buy insurance, look no further than this book.
6. Talking to Strangers: The Adventures of A Life Insurance Salesman by Peter Rosengard
If you're read those last two heavy books on dealing with insurance in the contemporary world, you might want to take a breather. Thankfully, this book by Peter Rosengard is a lighter read, focusing on the personal anecdotes of an insurance salesman.
With the humour of a novelist and the adventurous spirit of a travel journalist, Rosengard effectively writes Don Quixote of insurance books: a picaresque adventure tale.
7. On the Brink – How A Crisis Transformed Lloyd’s of London by Andrew Duguid
Here's another exciting one; except this one focuses more on the epic story of an insurance company struggling to survive. We don't want to give away any spoilers, but this book is about the triumph of the human spirit, and how the insiders at Lloyds beat the odds.
8. The Breakthrough Insurance Agency: How to Multiply Your Income, Time and Fun
Who doesn't want to multiply their fun? This book specifically focuses on the business concept of a breakthrough. If you're at that crucial phase of a business when you just need a little push to get you through, let this book give you that push.
9. How I Built A $37 Million Insurance Agency In Less Than 7 Years by Darren Sugiyama
Frank, direct, and clear. Sugiyama's book gives a frank account of how he succeeded in the insurance business. While his tactics may not work for everybody, the ones who will benefit from his style will benefit greatly and see their profits soar.
10. The Psychology of Selling by Brian Tracy
We're closing out this blog with yet another book that focuses more on general business. If you're in the insurance industry, at the end of the day, you have to learn how to sell. Master the art of selling, and you're ready to shine.
Read Insurance Books to Thrive
In the world of insurance, knowledge is power. Once you've read these ten great insurance books, you're sure to become one of the top dogs in the insurance industry.
But while you're learning to become a great insurance business yourself, make sure your insurance is covered well by someone else. Research the best options at Insurdinary, and get a quote with us today.


Memorial of Michael Shannon
Michael was a fine man. He was a model image of a writer; always nice to everyone, and ever so curious and inventive. His passing is a terrible tragedy for not just his friends, but to whole community: His influence could not only be felt by upper classes and educated readers, but also amongst the common men and working class that Michael so vividly entertained during his regular visits in various cafes and clubs.
Everyone familiar with Michael is welcome. The memorial is held in Corval Str. 216, 12 o’clock on Sunday, 23rd of January.
Worth mentionin is that Michael had written autobiographical pieces about his recent ideas and experiences. These texts were found after his passing with a note that the works should be published were he to pass away. To honor his will, the memorial will also be the publishing of his works, and some of these texts will be read here as a tribute to the writer Michael was.


Jenna Caldwell's debut novel, Still Waters, is available for purchase.
Published by New Degree Press in September 2022.
"I was blown away from the first scene. All the imagery, crispness of language and rhythm to the prose really sets the tone for the book." — Ibram X. Kendi, #1 New York Times Bestselling Author of How to Be an Antiracist
"A clever retelling of history...creative and original." — Josiah Bates, TIME
"A thoughtful reimagining of a young life unjustly cut short." — Lauren Lumpkin, The Washington Post
"A brilliant reimagining of history that offers a human experience to a young boy whose legacy has otherwise been overshadowed by tragedy and trauma." — Mariah Espada, TIME
When George, a high school teacher, wakes up one morning, he's surprised to find his doting wife, Henrietta, cooking breakfast for him and their three young children, Junior, Cynthia and Addie. Not because this is out of the ordinary—as far as George can tell, this is routine—but because he doesn't recognize them. Any of them. Or himself, he soon realizes. Hundreds of miles from the only home he's ever known, George tries to adapt to his new, idyllic life and navigate the unique challenges that come with it. But his past won't let him move on so easily.
As he struggles to let go of what was and hold onto what is—and, more importantly, what can be—traumas, past and present, dare to carry George back to a world he desperately wants to escape.
Rooted in a dark, and important, history, Still Waters is an emotionally gripping story of love and loss that will keep you on the edge of your seat until the very end.
2023 NEW YORK CITY BIG BOOK AWARD
(AFRICAN AMERICAN FICTION)
2023 NEXT GENERATION INDIE BOOK AWARDS FINALIST
2023 LITERARY TITAN BOOK AWARD
2023 MAXY AWARDS
2023 BOOKLIST BLOG READERS CHOICE AWARD
(HORROR & SUSPENSE)
2022 BROWN GIRL COLLECTIVE BOOK CLUB AWARD
(SCI-FI/SPECULATIVE FICTION/MAGICAL REALISM)


When many people think about history, they picture dusty books and fading documents housed in formal and imposing institutions. But, in fact, history is all around us, in the living memories of our own families and people we work with. When it comes down to it a great deal of what we know of past generations and people’s daily activities cannot be uncovered merely from reading books or official reports. Rather, it can only be revealed to us through stories, interviews, and spoken dialogue, or what is known as oral history. Oral history is a method of gathering and preserving historical information through recorded interviews with participants in past events and past ways of life. It is both the oldest type of historical inquiry and one of the most modern, initiated with tape recorders in the 1940’s.
And, if you stop and think about it, oral history has long been an integral part of the Navy. The verbal lessons a new sailor receives from his Sea Daddy and, yes, even the many sea stories he will hear along the way have long been an essential means of preserving the experience of past actions, battles, and events, and of imparting the experience to young sailors. Oral history, be it formal or informal, offers a chance to pass on the lessons of Navy life.


A pályázatot romák, cigányok illetve utazók (travellers) körében végzett kutatásokkal foglalkozó fiatal kutatók számára írták ki, akik jelentős eredményeket értek el eddigi kutatásaikban. A pályázat tárgya egy 50 oldalasnál nem hosszabb, angol nyelvű tudományos írás, amelyet eddig még tudományos folyóiratban vagy kötetben még nem publikáltak. A legjobb tanulmány írója 500 USD díjazásban részesül, és az írást a Romani Studies szakfolyóiratban megjelentetik. A dolgozatot e-mail mellékletként kell elküldeni a megadott címre.
Gypsy Lore Society Young Scholar’s Prize in Romani Studies
The Gypsy Lore Society established the Gypsy Lore Society Young Scholar’s Prize in Romani Studies for the best unpublished paper by a young scholar on a topic in Gypsy and Traveler Studies. The prize is a cash award of $500. The winning paper will be published, after any necessary revisions, in an issue of the journal Romani Studies.
Papers written in English by undergraduate students, graduate students beyond their first year of study and those holding the Ph.D. who are no more than three years beyond the awarding of the degree at the time of submission are eligible to compete. Any topic that would be deemed appropriate for the journal Romani Studies will be considered. In order to be eligible, the submitted paper must be unpublished and not under consideration for publication at the time of submission. However, papers that have appeared in a „working paper” series are still eligible for consideration in the competition. Those that have appeared in conference proceedings volumes of any sort are not eligible, unless they are substantially revised and/or expanded. Written versions of papers that have been presented at a conference are eligible, as are papers based on chapters of dissertations or M.A. theses (raw dissertation chapters or M.A. theses themselves are not eligible). In all cases, however, the selection committee will look for self-contained scholarly articles of publishable quality that treat some relevant topic in an interesting and insightful way.
The prize committee also invites submissions in languages other than English. The committee will identify suitable referees for such languages, but if it cannot find them, then the paper is not accepted for this year’s prize.
The deadline for receipt of papers for the current cycle is October 30, 2011. The screening committee expects to make the announcement of the winner by January 30, 2011. The committee reserves the right not to award the prize in a given year. Interested scholars should submit their papers along with an abstract (no longer than 250 words) to the e-mail address below.
Submissions should follow the following format: Maximum length: 50 pages; font: Times New Roman; size: 12 point; spacing: 1.5; header or footer maximum: 2.5 cm or 1.5 in. The header must contain only the title and the footer must contain only the page numbering.
Submission file format is rich text file (RTF, MS Word compatible). Files bigger than five MB should be sent on CD to the postal address below. A cover sheet should be included, with the title of the paper, the author’s name, affiliation, mailing address, e-mail address, telephone and fax numbers, date of entrance into an appropriate program or of awarding of the Ph.D., and US social security number, if the author has one. Your name should appear on the cover sheet only.
Gypsy Lore Society Prize Competition
Institute of Musicology
Hungarian Academy of Sciences


External Sequence Ontology Compliant Software
Here you will find a list of tools that work with SO data or with SO compliant annotations.
- GO Perl: A set of perl modules for parsing, manipulating and exporting ontologies.
- Comparative Genomics Library (CGL): A Perl library designed for comparative analysis of genomic data. This library uses annotations marked up with Chaos-XML.
- BioPerl: A Perl library that deals with a wide array of biological data including GFF3 and Chado genome annotations.
- Apollo: A genome annotation viewer and editor that was developed as a collaboration between the Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project and The Sanger Institute.
- The Generic Genome Browser: GBrowse is a combination of a database and interactive web pages for manipulating and displaying annotations on genomes.
- AJAX GBrowse: A branch of the GBrowse software currently under developement that is being implemented with the enhanced features of modern Web 2.0 applications to provide a richer, smoother and more responsive user interface.
- SO Term Finder: An application for browsing SO terms provided by the Broad Institute.
- Ontology Lookup Service: An Ontology browser which includes the Sequence Ontology and is provided by EMBL-EBI.
- OBO-Edit: A tool for viewing and editing OBO ontologies.


Textbook affordability is a hurdle to students, especially those with low-income. Starting in Fall 2016, CSG started researching tools the university can use in order to ensure textbook affordability for all students. Three main methods are currently being looked into.
The first, a book bazaar, would connect students wanting to sell and students wanting to buy used books. The marketplace will be a place where those who bought books in previous semesters can sell them to those now taking relavent classes. CSG is planning the bazaar beginning of the Spring 2016 term.
The second method involves strengthening the current library loan system with new books from the most popular UM classes. The library loan system allows students to borrow required materials for classes for limited periods of time in order to study or do homework. CSG is determining which books to buy on metrics involving which are relied on the most in popular classes.
The third tool CSG is currently researching is the use of electronic textbooks and its potential fit within the UM system. Online tools like Unizin offer exciting opportunities to cut costs for students while eliminating the need to carry around books. CSG is compiling analytics from universities currently offering online textbooks.


Here we are offering a collection of our own self made free Vray materials for Vray in both 3Ds Max and Maya. Each Vray material has been professionally created for use in our own projects, and therefor will allow professionals and newcomers the ability to create photo realistic 3D images.
We regulaly update our online free Vray material library so check back often to find new Vray materials. If you would like to share any Vray material from your material library then please feel free! Email us at email@example.com


Susan Elizabeth Barnett was the fifth child of William Barnett & Ann Matthews born c1834 at Saunderton, Bucks.
In 1841 Susan was living at Saunderton Grange where her father was a farmer.
By 1851 only Susan & her older brother Benjamin were still living with their parents, other siblings having left home. They were still living at the farm in Saunderton which extended to 220 acres.
Susan was still at home at Saunderton Grange in 1861, & she & brother Benjamin were listed as farmers like their father.
Susan’s mother died in 1870, & she & her widowed father were still at Saunderton Grange in 1871. Susan’s younger brother William was with them at the time of the census.
After the death of their father in 1875, William & Susan continued to live at Saunderton Grange & in 1881 William was listed as a farmer & head of the household. They had a general servant & 2 farm servants living with them.
In 1884 Susan founded the Tramps Mission in Cheltenham for the rescue of poor tramps. Susan was horrified at the wretchedness of vagrants who took shelter in the lodging houses & casual wards of workhouses. She & a growing band of co-workers visited these places & supplied books & pamphlets & endeavoured to improve their way of life by bringing the Christian message to the tramps. Susan’s work was much appreciated as revealed by a large number of letters of thanks from union officials & guardians & those who had been helped. By 1896 the Tramps Mission was supplying 421 unions throughout England & Wales with literature.
Susan could not be found in the 1891 census but in 1901 she was living with her widowed sister Frances Ann Jeanneret at 2 Eldon Villas, Hales Rd, Cheltenham. Susan was described as secretary of the Tramps’ Mission.
Susan died at her home at 10 Albert Place, Cheltenham on January 26th, 1905. Probate of her estate was granted to her ‘niece’, Eva May Barnett & Beatrice Jane Matthews, spinsters. Her effects were £207.0s.1d. In an obituary written by General Morton (President of the Tramps Mission) it was mentioned that Susan had suffered from ill health throughout her life but had carried on her good works regardless. Susan’s ‘niece’ Eva May Barnett [b.184.108.40.206.] had became involved with the Tramps Mission by the time of Susan’s death & appeared in minutes of the Mission as Treasurer.


A couple of weeks ago, I was using a drone (a DJI Phantom) to take aerial photos of the site which we will soon be building on. Needless to say, a drone flying around the site caught the attention of our service users! One more so than others, John. About a week later he came into the Kitchen while I was helping the Kitchen Club and gave me a “fact file” he had made about the Phantom. I thanked him and said I would read it later after Kitchen Club had finished. When I read it, I was amazed by how much detail he had gone into, listing the entire specs, and even more so when I found that he had been to the library to research the drone, and he had drawn all the images from memory!


Children's Author Ben Clanton Visits Lakeridge Elementary
Mercer Island, WA, March 2, 2023 – Children’s book author and illustrator Ben Clanton visiting Lakeridge Elementary on Tuesday afternoon.
Ben is an author and illustrator best known for his Narwhal and Jelly books. Ben has written or illustrated over 25 children’s books.
Feedback from Lakeridge students about Ben's visit was overwhelmingly positive. He made a lasting impression on many of our students and we hope he inspired students to pursue their creative endeavors.
Ben originally was scheduled to visit Lakeridge the spring of 2020. Principal Heidi Christensen and Librarian Erica Otteson felt very fortunate that Ben took time out of his busy schedule to visit Lakeridge today.
Lakeridge Elementary is excited to announce students Maddie J and Kingston J. are the school’s 2023-24 student representatives on the Superintendent’s Student Advisory.
Mystery Science is a fun and engaging way for elementary students to learn science. This school year all Mystery Science materials used by our elementary teachers have been provided through a grant from the Mercer Island Schools Foundation (MISF).
The IDEA project is a one-week program that is custom-tailored for the elementary grades and offers an opportunity to create understanding and empathy by educating students about differences and different abilities.
Children’s book author and illustrator Ben Clanton visiting Lakeridge Elementary on Tuesday afternoon.


- Commercial Law [Paperback] | Add to Basket
: Fidelma White
- Publisher: Round Hall
- Publication Date: 20/07/2012
- ISBN: 9781858006321
- Jurisdiction: Ireland
The second edition of Commercial Law covers everything you need to know, from sale of goods and supply of services, to finance, insurance and international trade. The book examines the private law framework within which trade and commerce is conducted and provides you with an accessible, up-to-date description and critical analysis of the main areas of commercial law in Ireland, with reference to other jurisdictions where relevant.
The second edition maps major developments in commercial legislation and case law over the last 10 years, from both a European and Irish perspective. Commercial Law also considers the recommendations of various law reform bodies; in particular the recommendations from the final report of the Sales Law Review Group (2011) are contextualised and critically examined.
Commercial Law provides you with a thorough exploration of the subject area by examining the impact of the Arbitration Act 2010, Land and Conveyancing Law Reform Act 2009, Consumer Protection Act 2007, and the Patents (Amendment) Act 2006 on Commercial Law.
You will also be brought up-to-date on important new regulations, such as:
*The Consumer Sales Regulations, 2003
*The EC (Mediation) Regulations, 2011
*The EC (Payment Services) Regulations, 2009
*The EC (Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights) Regulations, 2006
*The EC (Certain Aspects of the Sale of Consumer Goods and Associated Guarantees) Regulations, 2003
- Subject Groups
- Commercial Law
- Irish Law
- Pricing Options
- Main UK/Europe:
- Add to Basket


The Hydrogen Atom book download
F. Bassani, F.S. Pavone, M. Inguscio, S.G. Karshenboim, T.W. H?nsch
Hydrogen atom Hydrogen-like atom Hydrogen spectral series Liquid hydrogen The Hydrogen Atom - Springer Fundamental Constants and Frequency Metrology. Amazon.com: Hydrogen Atom: Zed Never: MP3 Downloads Original Release Date: November 25, 2008 ; Compatible with MP3 Players (including with iPodÂ®), iTunes, Windows Media Player â€º The Hydrogen Atom - The Living Universe book - J.Carter The Hydrogen Atom The Evolving Atom . The Hydrogen Atom: Precision Physics of Simple Atomic Systems (Lecture Notes in Physics) [S.G. Jump to: navigation, search.. Using the leitmotif of the hydrogen atom,. Pavone, F. Hydrogen atom - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A hydrogen atom is an atom of the chemical element hydrogen.. The Hydrogen Atom: Precision Physics of Simple Atomic Systems. HÃ¤nsch] on. Rigden's book is,. Articles On Atoms, including: Atom, Hydrogen Atom, Atomic Radius. This has long been considered to be one of the. Rigden: 9780674012523. Book: Hydrogen; Antihydrogen; Atomic orbital; Balmer series; Helium atom; Proton decay; Quantum. Karshenboim, F.S. A New Type of Frequency Chain and Its Application to Fundamental Frequency Metrology Hydrogen: The Essential Element: John S. Book:Hydrogen - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Book:Hydrogen.


At Ayton James attended Mr. Pullen's little school where he seems to have shown a flair for figures. He also owed much kindness to the people of the Manor. But it was soon time for him to earn his living; and his father apprenticed him to a Mr. Sanderson who kept a general stores at Staithes. (The name Sanderson occurs on tombstones in Ayton churchyard.) So James went off to the astonishing little harbour-town of Staithes which lies tucked in at the base of the cliffs and is reached by one precipitous road. There he worked all day in an atmosphere of haberdashery and groceries, slept under the counter at night, and in his scant free time listened to the tales of sailormen down by the tiny harbour, or outside the 'Cod and Lobster'.
James stood it for a year and a half. One story is that he got up early one morning and ran away to sea, thus breaking his indentures. Others say it is more likely that Mr. Sanderson, realizing that the life of shop-boy was no life for James, came to a kind and amicable arrangement. What we do know is that James walked the thirteen miles over the cliff to Whitby, found a collier lying alongside the quay, and offered his services to the mate. And the mate, liking the look of the lad, sent him off to see the owners of the little collier fleet - the Walker Brothers, Quakers, of Whitby. James was appointed, and the life of his choice had begun. They plied chiefly between Newcastle and London; but it is certain that they also visited Norway, the Baltic, and Ireland.
Years passed, and James won his mate's certificate; and there is no doubt he would have been appointed skipper of one of the collier fleet had not the Seven Years War broken out. After much thought Cook decided to volunteer, and was sent out to America. At once he made his mark, and before long he found himself master of a king's ship, the Mercury, and was sent to join Admiral Saunders who was besieging Quebec. There he was given the difficult and dangerous work of charting the channel of the St. Lawrence right up to the French lines, and he did it superlatively well. He worked at night in peril of his life - on one occasion Indians leapt on to the stern of his boat as he jumped off the bows - but the work was done, and found to be absolutely reliable. But how he found time, or obtained the necessary books, to make himself an expert surveyor and cartographer, and to study mathematics and astronomy to the point of contributing papers to the Royal Society on abstruse mathematical problems such as finding location by the moon, is a mystery that will never now be explained.
They rounded Cape Horn, and arrived at the lovely island of Otaheite, where they observed the transit of Venus - and the charms of the inhabitants. For three months they stayed there, on the friendliest terms; the king of the neighbouring island of Huaheine even insisted on exchanging names with the captain - and "Cookee" and "Oree" they became. Next they discovered and named the Society Islands, and then sailed for New Zealand, which was found to consist of two great islands admirably adapted for settlement "should this ever be thought an object worthy the attention of Englishmen." The soil was most fertile, the trees were splendid, the natives vigorous and healthy, though somewhat addicted to cannibalism. Domestic animals were lacking, and that Captain Cook determined to remedy at some future time.
Then they sailed for Australia - New Holland as it was called - explored the east coast for two thousand miles, and took over the country in the king's name. Narrowly escaping disaster when the ship ran on a coral reef, and "beat with great violence upon the rock", they made for Batavia, sailing between New Holland and New Guinea, thus proving them to be two distinct countries.
And now malarial fever and dysentery broke out: the whole ship's company were down with it at one time or another, and no less than a third of them died. They made their way home by way of the Cape and St. Helena, and dropped anchor in the Downs.
Cook spent but little time with his family, for in the following autumn he received another commission, "to complete the discovery of the Southern Hemisphere". He was given two ships, the Resolution and the Adventure, which he took great care to provision with proper food stores, including lemons, enough to last for two years. He left England in July 1772, and sailed by way of the Cape far south into the Antarctic Ocean. For weeks he sailed among icebergs, pushing south wherever he found an opening, while the ship rolled gunwale to, and the frozen rigging cut their hands. After a run of "three thousand five hundred leagues" they put into Dusky Bay, New Zealand, where they landed domestic animals and planted English vegetables. The next few weeks were spent among the islands, where old King Oree was overjoyed to see them; and then once more they sailed to the southern ice. At last in January they reached the great ice-field and could go no further. Cook sailed his ship right round the Pole, and the great southern continent of the old maps proved to be non-existent. He turned for home, discovering and naming many islands; and after crossing a greater space of sea than any ship had ever crossed before, returned once more to England. And this time, during the whole voyage, they lost but one man by disease.
Then came the end. The natives were celebrating victory when they arrived, and mistook the Englishmen for their great god Lono and his immortal company. Divine honours were offered; and strangely enough Cook accepted them - perhaps because he was prepared to accept anything that made for the success of the expedition. Trouble soon began, when it became apparent that the entertainment of a god was an exceedingly expensive affair; while the death of one of the immortal crew, and his burial on the island, put a certain strain on even native credulity. Quarrels became frequent; sticks and stones were freely used; and Cook decided to sail away, much to everybody's relief.
Within a week the Resolution had sprung her foremast, and they were back again. Trouble began immediately. One of the cutters was stolen, and Captain Cook put ashore in some force to effect restitution. Natives crowded the beach, armed and excited. Stones were thrown and there was some firing. Cook turned, and as he did so was stabbed in the back and speared. He fell dead into the water.
Thus died Captain Cook at the age of fifty-one. His indomitable perseverance and courage, his disdain of comfort, his calmness and capacity in danger, and his singleness of purpose, have, with his stupendous achievements, marked him as one of the greatest of Englishmen.
Fortunately, we have very full and comprehensive accounts of all three voyages. The core and by far the most important part is, of course, the log or journal kept almost daily by Captain Cook himself - to which we must add the short conclusion added after Cook's death by Captain King. Cook's narrative is written on folio sized paper, for the most part in pencil, in a firm, clear hand without flourishes - as one would expect. And very wonderful it is to turn over the pages to some great occasion such as the end of May 1770, and read of the first landing at Botany Bay and the flying of the English flag, written up by Captain Cook the same evening on his return to the ship. Until recently it has not been possible to do this as the manuscript has been in the possession of the reigning sovereign. But a few months before his death King George VI presented the manuscript to the National Maritime Museum where it is now kept as a unique treasure - a locked book in a case within a safe...