level: collection

title: William J. Hammer Collection

label: 'Electrical Diablerie'

content:
"ELECTRICAL DIABLERIE"

N.Y. World, January 3, 1885 and Newark, N.J. Daily Advertiser and Journal, January 3, 1885

Some years ago, (1884) on New Year's eve, an entertainment was given at the home of Mr. William J. Hammer, in Newark, N.J., which, for the display of the powers of electricity has seldom, if ever, been equaled. Mr. Hammer, who has for years been associated with Mr. Edison, both in this country and in Europe, desiring to give his old classmates, the "Society of Seventy-Seven," a lively and interesting time, invited them to "an electrical dinner"at his home.

The invitations which were sent out were written upon Western Union telegram blanks with an Edison electric pen. When the guests arrived and entered the gate, the house appeared dark, but as they placed foot upon the lower step of the veranda a row of tiny electric lights over the door blazed out, and the number of the house appeared in bright relief. The next step taken rang the front door bell automatically, the third threw open the door, and at the same time made a connection which lit the gas in the hall by electricity.

Upon entering the house the visitor was invited to divest himself of his coat and hat, and by placing his foot upon an odd little foot-rest near the door, and pressing a pear-shaped pendant hanging from the wall by a silken cord, revolving brushes attached to an electric motor brushed the mud and snow from his shoes and polished them by electricity. As he was about to let go of the switch or button, a contact in it connected with a shocking coil, caused him to drop it like a hot potato. Up-stairs was a bedroom which would be a fortune to a lazy man; he had only to step on the door sill and the gas was instantly lighted. The ceiling was found to be covered with luminous stars, arranged to represent the principal constellations in the heavens-while comets, moons, etc., shone beautifully in the dark. By placing one's head on the pillow, the gas, fifteen feet away, would be extinguished and the phosphorescent stars on the ceiling would shine forth weirdly, and a phosphorescent moon rose from behind a cloud over the mantel and slowly describing a huge arch disappeared behind a bank of phosphorescent clouds on the other side of the room; by pressing the toe to the foot-board of the bed the gas could again be relit.

Pouring a teacup of water into the water clock on the mantel and setting the indicator would assure the awakening of the sleeper at whatever hour he might desire. There was also in the hall outside the room a large drum, which could be set to beat by electricity at the hour when the family wished to arise. The whole house was fitted throughout with electric bells, burglar alarms, fire alarms, telephones, electric cigar lighters, medical coils, phonographs, electric fans, thermostats, heat regulating devices, some seven musical instruments, operated by electricity, etc.

Upon the evening referred to nearly every. piece of furniture in the parlor was arranged to play its part. Sit on one chair and out went the gas, take another seat and it would light again; sitting on an ottoman produced a mysterious rapping under the floor; pressure on some chairs started off drums, triangles, tambourines, cymbals, chimes and other musical instruments; in fact, it seemed unsafe to sit down anywhere. The quests stood about in groups and whispered, each hoping to see his neighbor or a new comer caught napping.

One visitor (Brown) secured an apparently safe seat, and was telling a funny story--he had left electricity far behind--but just as he reached the climax, a pretty funnel-shaped Japanese affair like a big dunce cap, that seemed but a ceiling ornament which was held in place by an electromagnet, dropped from overhead and quietly covered him up, thus silently extinguishing the story and the story-teller.

A big easy chair placed invitingly between the folding doors joining the double, parlors sent the unwary sitter flying out of its recesses by the sudden deafening clamor of twenty-one electric bells hidden in the folds of the draperies hanging in the doorway. In a convenient position stood the silver lemonade pitcher and cup, the former was filled with the tempting beverage, but no matter how much a guest might desire to imbibe one touch convinced him that the pitcher and cup were so heavily charged with electricity as to render it impossible for him to pour out a drink or even to let go until the electricity was switched off from the hidden induction coil.

Some one proposed music, and half a selection had been enjoyed when something seemed to give way inside the piano, and suddenly there emanated from that bewitched instrument a conglomeration of sounds that drowned the voices of the singers, and the keys seemed to beat upon a horrible jangle of drums, gongs and various noise-producing implements which were fastened inside of and underneath the piano.

After the guest were treated to a beautiful display of electrical experiments, under the direction of Mr. Hammer, and Professor George C. Sonn, they were escorted to the dining-room, where an electrical dinner had been prepared and was presided over by 'Jupiter," who was in full dress, and sat at the head of the table, where by means of a small phonograph inside of his anatomy he shouted, "Welcome, society of Seventy-Seven and their friends to Jove's festive board." The menu was as follows: "Electric Toast," "Wizard Pie," "Sheol Pudding," "Magnetic Cake," "Telegraph Cake," "Telephone Pie," "Ohm-made Electric Current Pie," "Menlo Park Fruit," "Incandescent Lemonade," "'Electric Coffee" and "Cigars," etc., and music by Prof. Mephistopheles' Electric Orchestra.

About the table were pretty bouquets, and among the flowers shone tiny incandescent lamps, while near the center of the table was placed an electric fan which kept the air cool and pure, and at each end was a tiny Christmas tree lighted with small incandescent lamps, planted in a huge dish of assorted nuts and raisins. Each lamp had a dainty piece of ribbon attached to it upon which the initials of the Society and the date were printed, and each guest received a lamp to take away with him as a souvenir of the occasion. Plates of iced cakes made in the form of telephones, switches, bells, electric lamps, batteries, etc., stood on each side of the center piece.

Promptly at 12 o'clock, as the chimes of the distant churches came softly to the ears of the assembled quests, pandemonium seemed to change places with the modest dining-room. A cannon on the porch, just outside the door, and another inside the chimney, were unexpectedly discharged; and at this sudden roar, every man sprang back from the table; the lights disappeared; huge fire-gongs, under each chair beat a tattoo. The concussion produced by the cannon in the fireplace caused several bricks to come crashing down the chimney, and as the year of 1884 faded away, the table seemed bewitched. The "Sheol Pudding" blazed forth green and red flames illuminating the room, tiny tin boxes containing 'Greek" fire which had been placed over each window and door were electrically ignited by spirals of platinum iridium wire heated by a storage battery and blazed up suddenly; the "Telegraph Cake" clicked forth messages said to be press reports of the proceedings (it was also utilized to count the guests and click off the answers to various questions put to it); bells rang inside the pastry; incandescent lamps burned underneath the colored lemonade; the thunderbolt pudding discharged its long black bolts all over the room (long steel spiral springs covered with black cloth) and loud spirit rapping occurred under the table. The silver knives, forks and spoons were charged with electricity from a shocking coil and could not be touched, while the coffee and toast (made by electricity) were made rapidly absorbed; the "Magnetic Cake' disappeared; the "Wizard" and "Current Pies' vanished, and 'Jupiter" raising a glass to his lips began to imbibe.

The effect was astonishing! The gas instantly went out, a gigantic skeleton painted with luminous paint appeared and paraded about the room, while Jupiter's nose assumed the color of a genuine toper! His green eyes twinkled, the electric diamonds in his shirt front (tiny lamps) blazed forth and twinkled like stars, as he phonographically shouted "Happy New Year'. Happy New Year!" This "Master of Cererionies' now becoming more gentle, the guests turned their attention to the beautiful fruit piece, over four feet high, that stood in the center of the table. From the fruit hung tiny electric lamps, and the whole was surmounted by a bronze figure of Bartholdils "Statue of Liberty;" uplifted in "Miss Liberty's" right hand burned an Edison lamp no larger than a bean.

The dinner finished, and there was much that was good to eat, notwithstanding the "magical" dishes which they were first invited to partake of, speeches were delivered by Messrs. Hammer, Rutan, McDougall, 'Brown, Duneka, and Dawson, and an original poem was read by Mr. Van Wyck. Upon repairing to the parlors the guest saw Mr. Hammer's little sister, May, dressed in white and mounted upon a pedestal, representing the "Goddess of Electricity:" tiny electric lamps hung in her hair, and were also suspended as earrings, while she held a wand surmounted by a star, and containing a very small electric lamp.

Not the least interesting display of electricity took place in front of the house, where a fine display of bombs, rockets, Roman candles, Greek fire and other fireworks were set off by electricity, which was by the way, the first time this had been accomplished. The guests were requested to press button switches ranged along the front veranda railing thus causing electricity from a storage battery to heat to a red heat tiny platinum iridium spirals attached to each fuse of the various pieces of fireworks thus sending up rocket after rocket, as well as igniting the other pieces which had been placed in the roadway in front of the house.

An attempt was made to send up a large hot air balloon to which was attached a tiny storage battery and an incandescent signal lamp but a sudden gust of wind caused the ballon to take fire as it rose fr(xn the ground. This constituted the only experiment made during the evening which was not an unqualified success. The innumerable electrical devices shown during the progress of the dinner were all operated by Mr. Hammer, who controlled various switches fastened to the under side of the table and attached to a switchboard, which rested on his lap, while the two cannons were fired by lever switches on the floor, which he operated by the pressure of the foot. Electricity was supplied by primary and storage batteries placed under the table. After an exhibition of electrical apparatus and experiments with a large phonograph, the guests departed with a bewildered feeling that somehow they had been living half a century ahead of the new year."

label: Expositions and Exhibitions

content:
The many Expositions held at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries were important for the Edison Electric Company's future business. In particular the Paris Electrical Exposition, 1881, and the Crystal Palace Exposition in London in 1892 were introductions for the company's international business enterprises. Edison, therefore, sent his ablest men from the Menlo Park staff (Batchelor, Hammer, Jehl, Johnson) to Europe to oversee the installation and promotion of the company's exhibits.

THE INTERNATIONAL PARIS EXPOSITION OF 1881

The International Paris Electrical Exposition was held during the summer of 1881. Many of Edison's electric lighting systems, ranging from arc lights to incandescent devices, were exhibited. A model of the Edison central-station lighting system showed an arrangement of incandescent lights within a complete electrical distributing system, including novel appliances and controls of the Edison system. "The completeness of its conception made a profound impression on the foremost European electrical engineers of that era." (Josephson, Matthew. Edison, A Biography. p. 252). Edison also exhibited his first "Jumbon generator. It was "direct-connected" to its driving engine, another area in which Edison pioneered. Edison improved upon the original design of William Wallace's "Telemachon' - a generator coupled to a water-powered turbine. Wallace had earlier in the decade produced the first dynamo in America.

Charles Batchelor headed the Edison exhibits within Paris. Edison received many gold medals and diplomas and was awarded the ribbon of the Legion of Honor.

The William J. Hammer Collection contains various reports and catalogues exhibited at the International Exposition of Electricity. (Series 3, Box 44, Folders 1-4)

THE CRYSTAL PALACE EXHIBITION OF 1882

At the Crystal Palace Exhibition of 1882 in London, Edison displayed a great many of his inventions, including: the steam dynamo; specimens of street pipes and service boxes used in the Edison underground system of conductors, and the system of house conductors with devices for preventing abnormal increase of energy in house circuits; apparatus for measuring the resistance of his lamps, for measuring the energy consumed in lamps, and rheostats for restoring currents; also thermogalvano-meters, carbon rheostats, dynamometers, photometers, carbon regulators, Weber meters,, current regulators, and circuit breakers for controlling electric light circuits; the carbon relay, the pressure relay, and the expansion relay; the telegraph system in Morse characters; and the Roman character automatic telegraph.

Thomas Edison also exhibited the carbon telephone, the musical telephonograph, telephone repeater, and numerous apparatus for demonstrating the method of varying the resistance of a closed circuit by contact with carbon, illustrative of the experimental factors of the Edison carbon transmitter. Incandescent lamps, the process of the manufacture of lamps, and various designs of electric light chandeliers were also on display.

Hammer won the silver medal at the exposition for the first complete development of the incandescent electric lamp from its initial stages to date. At the exhibition the first hand-operated flashing electric lamp sign was displayed, which was invented and built by Hammer.

The collection contains photographs of the Edison dynamo, and the Edison Electric Lighting Plant of 1882 erected by Hammer. The official Catalogue of the International Electric and Gas Exhibition, and various articles from the Daily Telegraph, Daily Chronicle, and Daily News are also included within the collection (Series 4, Box 99 and Series 3, Box 42, Folder 1-2).

THE BERLIN EXPOSITION OF 1883.

The Berlin Exposition of 1883 had the first motored flashing electric sign designed, built and operated by Hammer. The electric sign spelled out the word "Edison" letter by letter and was used on the Edison pavilion in the Health Exposition. It has most features of today's flashing sign.

The collection contains two photographs of the first flashing sign (Series 4, Box 99).

THE FRANKLIN INSTITUTE INTERNATIONAL ELECTRICAL EXHIBITION OF 1884

The Franklin Institute International Electrical Exhibition was held in Philadelphia from September 2 to October 14, 1884. Many of Edison's companies had display booths at the exhibition. The Edison Electric Light Company showed in operation their system of house lighting as supplied from a central station. The Edison Company for Isolated Lighting exhibited their system of lighting factories, hotels, hospitals, and other places situated beyond the reach of a central lighting station. A full assortment of Edison lamps and dynamos also made up parts of other exhibits. Also displayed at the exhibition was the first flashing column of light, which Hammer designed and built.

Included within the collection are a variety of photographs of the exhibitions. Four pamphlets also are contained in the collection (Series 3, Box 1, Folder 3), (Series 4, Box 99).

THE EXPOSITION OF THE OHIO VALLEY AND THE CENTRAL STATES OF 1888

The Exposition of the Ohio Valley and Central States, in Cincinnati from July 4 to October 27, was in honor of the one hundredth anniversary of the settlement of Cincinnati. The exposition showed the progress and ramifications of the first hundred years of this settlement.

The space occupied by permanent buildings was greater than that covered by any building for exhibiting purposes on the Western continent. T',ie exposition developed the Electric Light Plant to make a special feature of electric lighting in the evening. Several companies used this opportunity to make exhibits of their apparatus and for their equipment to be used for illumination. The Edison Lamps were used for displays in showcases and pavilions of exhibitors of the Park Building.

The collection contains photographs of the halls of the exposition and a poster which is a souvenir of the electrical display of the exposition. An official Guide of the Centennial Exposition of the Ohio Valley and Central States is included within the collection. (Series 4, Box 99), (Series 3, Box 42, Folder 4).

THE SUMMER CARNIVAL AND ELECTRICAL EXHIBITION, ST. JOHN, NEW BRUNSWICK, 1889

The Summer Carnival and Electric Exhibition held at St. John, New Brunswick, Canada was to celebrate the opening of the Canadian Pacific Short Line to St. John and Portland. The Electrical Exhibition was the most popular of the displays present, containing the Monster Edison Lanm, the Mysterious Electric Fountain, and many other inventions.

The William J. Hammer Collection contains a poster that illustrates some of the leading exhibits at the Electrical Exhibition (Series 4, Box 99).

PARIS UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889

The Universal Exposition of 1889 held in Paris was larger than all previous expositions held there. The famous Eiffel Tower was its principal attraction.

A large portion of the exhibit hall within the Palace of Mechanical Industries contained Thomas Edison's electrical inventions, including various electric lamps for use in houses. Variations of the telephone also were shown. During the Paris Exposition Europeans were exposed to the phonograph for the first time. Hammer represented Edison's interests at the Paris Exhibition.

The collection contains articles from New York World, New York Herald and Electrical World on Edison's exhibits at the Paris Exposition (Series 3, Box 44, folder 6). A scrapbook of photographs from the exhibition showing exhibit buildings and halls and loose photographs showing Edison's exhibits are included in the collection (Series 4, Box 98).

THE CRYSTAL PALACE EXHIBITION OF 1892

The Crystal Palace Exhibition of 1892 was held in London. Hammer displayed a great variety of products in the machine room of the Electrical Exhibition. Sockets for controlling individual incandescent lamps on alternating currents and the Ward Arc Lamp for use on incandescent circuits were just a few of the items displayed. Edison's companies displayed specimens of all types of incandescent electric lamps for public and private illumination. They also displayed primary batteries for use in telegraphy, telephony, household work, and engines.

The William, J. Hammer Collection contains a variety of photographs of the electrical exhibition. The Official Catalogue and Guide of the Electrical Exhibition is also contained within the collection (Series 4, Box 99), (Series 3, Folder 2, Box 42).

LOUISIANA PURCHASE EXPOSITION, 1904

The Louisiana Purchase Expostition of 1904, held in St. Louis, Missouri from April 30 to December 1, celebrated the centennial of the Louisiana Purchase. The nineteen million people who attended made it the largest exposition ever. The year 1904 marked the twenty-fifth anniversary of Edison's invention of the carbon filament lamp and central power station system.

F.J.V. Skiff, the exhibits classifier for the fair, developed a twofold classificatory arrangement. He organized exhibits in a sequential synopsis corresponding to the sixteen different departments of the exposition. The principal exhibition buildings were built in the shape of a fan. The departments of education, art, liberal arts, and applied sciences-including electricity - headed the classification, Skiff noted, because they "equip man for the battle and prepare him for the enjoyments of life.' Departments devoted to displays of raw materials such as agriculture, horticulture, !inning, forestry, fish and game came next. Anthropology, social economy, and physical culture concluded the classification.

The Hammer collection contains photographs of Hammer with other Chairmen of Domestic and Foreign Jurors of the Electricity Section of the International Jury of Awards of the Louisiana Exposition and Hammer as chairman of the jury on telegraphy, telephony, and wireless. (Series 4, Box 102). A pamphlet by the American Telephone and Telegraph Company on the exhibit of the Radiophone at the Department of Applied Science is also part of the collection (Series 3, Box 42, Folder 5).

THE PANAMA-PACIFIC EXPOSITION OF 1915

The Panama Pacific Exposition celebrated the opening of the Panama Canal and the four hundredth anniversary of the European discovery of the Pacific Ocean. It was held in San Francisco from February 20 to December 4, 1915. Approximately nineteen million people attended the exposition.

The eleven main buildings of the exposition were grouped around a central court of the Sun and Stars at the entrance of which was the famous Tower of Jewels. The main group of exhibits comprised the Palaces of Education, Liberal Arts, Manufactures, Varied Industries, Mines,

Transportation, Agriculture, Horticulture and all kinds of food products. During the exposition special days were set aside to honor industrialists Henry Ford and Thomas Edison. The Pacific Gas and Electric Company provided a large searchlight to flash out a Morse code greeting on the nighttime sky for their arrival.

The William J. Hammer Collection contains a pamphlet on the "Illumination of the Panama-Pacific International Exposition." The pamphlet describes the lighting of the exposition, and the use of arc lamps ' searchlights, incandescent electric lamps, and gas lamps (Series 4, Box 99), (Series 3, Box 43).

label: Creator

content: Hammer, William J. (William Joseph), 1858-1934 (electrical engineer)

label: Former owner

content: National Museum of American History (U.S.). Division of Electricity and Modern Physics

label: Names

content: Batchelor, George

indexedContent: Batchelor, George

content: Bell, Alexander Graham, 1847-1922

indexedContent: Bell, Alexander Graham

content: Berliner, Emile, 1851-1929

indexedContent: Berliner, Emile

content: Curie, Marie

indexedContent: Curie, Marie

content: Curie, Pierre

indexedContent: Curie, Pierre

content: Edison, Thomas A. (Thomas Alva), 1847-1931

indexedContent: Edison, Thomas A. (Thomas Alva)

content: Jehl, Francis

indexedContent: Jehl, Francis

content: Johnson, Edward H.

indexedContent: Johnson, Edward H.

content: Sprague, Frank J.

indexedContent: Sprague, Frank J.

content: Tesla, Nikola, 1856-1943

indexedContent: Tesla, Nikola

content: Upton, Francis R.

indexedContent: Upton, Francis R.

label: Topic

content: Fluorescence

indexedContent: Fluorescence

content: Electrical engineering

indexedContent: Electrical engineering

content: Incandescent lamps

indexedContent: Incandescent lamps

content: Phosphorescence

indexedContent: Phosphorescence

content: Selenium cells

indexedContent: Selenium cells

content: Cathode rays

indexedContent: Cathode rays

content: X-rays

indexedContent: X-rays

content: Radium

indexedContent: Radium

label: Provenance

content: Collection donated by IBM, 1962.

content: William J. Hammer Collection

indexedContent: William J. Hammer Collection

label: Summary

content: Original documents and papers generated by William J. Hammer and by various companies and individuals with whom he was associated. Includes material related to the research and inventions of Edison, Bell, Tesla, the Curies, etc.

label: Biography of William J. Hammer

content:
William Joseph Hammer, assistant to Thomas Edison and a consulting electrical engineer, was born at Cressona, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, February 26, 1858, and died March 24, 1934. His parents were Martha Augusta Bech (1827-1861) and William Alexander Hammer (1827-1895). He attended private and public schools in Newark, New Jersey, and university and technical school lectures abroad.

On January 3, 1894, Hammer married Alice Maud White in Cleveland, Ohio. They had one daughter, Mabel (Mrs. Thomas Cleveland Asheton). Alice Hammer died in 1906.

In 1878 Hammer became an assistant to Edward Weston of the Weston Malleable Nickel Company. In December 1879 he began his duties as laboratory assistant to Thomas Edison at Menlo Park, New Jersey. He assisted in experiments on the telephone, phonograph, electric railway, ore separator, electric lighting, and other developing inventions. However, he worked primarily on the incandescent electric lamp and was put in charge of tests and records on that device. In 1880 he was appointed Chief Engineer of the Edison Lamp Works. In this first year, the plant under general manager Francis Upton, turned out 50,000 lamps. According to Edison, Hammer was "a pioneer of Incandescent Electric Lighting"! (Hammer's memoranda and notes, Series 2).

In 1881 Edison sent Hammer to London as Chief Engineer of the English Electric Light Co. In association with E. H. Johnson, general manager, Hammer constructed the Holborn Viaduct Central Electric Light Station in London. This plant included three, thirty-ton "Jumbo" steam-powered dynamos (generators), and operated 3,000 incandescent lamps. Holborn was the first central station ever constructed for incandescent electric lighting. Hammer began its operation on January 12, 1882, by lighting the Holborn Viaduct.

In 1882 Hammer also installed a large isolated lighting plant containing twelve Edison dynamos at the Crystal Palace Electric Exposition and the Edison Exhibit at the Paris Electrical Exposition.

At this time Hammer also designed and built the first electric sign. The sign spelled the name "Edison" in electric lights, and was operated by a hand controlled commutator and a large lever snap switch. It was erected over the organ in the Crystal Palace concert hall.

In 1883 Hammer became Chief Engineer for the German Edison Company (Deutsche Edison Gesellschaft), later known as Allegemeine Elektricitaets Gesellschaft. Hammer laid out and supervised the installations of all Edison plants in Germany. While in Berlin he invented the automatic motor-driven "flashing" electric lamp sign. The sign, which flashed "Edison" letter by letter and as a whole, was placed on the Edison Pavilion at the Berlin Health Exposition in 1883.

On his return to the United States in 1884, Hammer took charge of some of Edison's exhibits, including Edison's personal exhibit, at the International Electrical Exhibition held under the authority of the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia. There he built the first flashing "Column of Light." He also became confidential assistant to E. R. Johnson, president of the parent Edison Electric Light Company. Together with Johnson and Frank J. Sprague, he became an incorporator of the Sprague Electric Railway and Motor company. He also was elected a trustee and the company's first secretary.

Hammer installed an all-electric house at Newark, New Jersey in 1884 and he devised various electrical devices and contrivances for an unusual party for friends and colleagues. (See "Electrical Diablerie" beginning on page 6).

At the end of 1884 Hammer became chief inspector of central stations of the parent Edison Electric Light Company. For over two years he made financial, mechanical, and electrical reports on the various stations throughout the United States. During 1886-87 he was chief engineer and general manager of the Boston Edison Electric Illuminating Company. He also acted as contractor for the company. He laid $140,000 of underground tubing and installed Sprague Electric Motors.

In 1888, acting as an independent engineer, he was placed in charge of completing the 8,000 light plant of the Ponce de Leon Hotel in St.Augustine Florida. At the time this was the largest isolated incandescent lighting plant ever constructed. Also in 1888 Hammer was appointed consulting electrical engineer to the Cincinati Centennial Expostition, and as a contractor designed and installed over $40,000 worth of electrical effects.

Hammer was appointed Edison's personal representative remarked, "There are a lot of crowned heads in the Edison business. How many of them am I subservient to?" Mr. Edison answered "You take no instructions except from Thomas A. Edison." Hammer asked "What are your instructions?" Mr. Edison replied, 'Hammer, I haven't any. Go and make a success of it.' In Paris he set up and operated all of Edison's inventions, which embraced nineteen departments and covered 9,800 square feet of space. He also built a huge Edison lamp forty-five feet high employing 20,000 lamps. Edison remarked, 'He had entire charge of my exhibit at the Paris Exposition, which was very successful."  This was the largest individual exhibit at the Exposition, costing $100,000. Mr. Edison replied, "I want you to go right out and have a card engraved William J. Hammer, Representative of Thomas A. Edison. You are the only representative I have here," and he complimented him on his work adding, "The French government will do something handsome for you for your work." Hammer replied that he would not raise his hand to get it and did not believe in giving such honors to people who seek them. Mr. Edison said, "You are wrong. You are a young man and such things are valuable. At any rate if there's anyone in this exhibition who deserves recognition, you do, and I'm going to see you get it' (Hammer's memoranda and notes, Series 2). Thirty-four years later, in 1925, through the personal influence of Edison, Hammer was made Chevalier of the Legion of Honor by the French government.

In 1890 Hammer returned to the United States and opened an office as a consulting electrical engineer. He was in private practice until 1925, making reports, conducting tests, and giving expert testimony in patent suits.

On January 31, 1890, Hammer formed the Franklin Experimental Club of Newark where boys could come and carry on experiments, build apparatus, and listen to lectures. Hammer equipped the laboratory at his own expense. One side was an electrical laboratory and the other a chemical laboratory. About forty-five boys joined. Each boy had a key to the club and a section of a bench with his own drawer for keeping notes, tools, and other equipment. In 1892 the structure was destroyed by fire from a saloon next door, ending Hammer's plans for a large and useful institution.

In 1896 Hammer was elected president of the National Conference of Standard Electrical Rules, which prepared and promulgated the "National Electric Code."

In 1902 in Paris, Hammer visited Pierre and Marie Curie, the discoverers of radium and polonium. They gave him nine tubes of radium and one of polonium to bring back to the United States. He also acquired some sulphide of zinc, with which he mixed radium carbonates, producing a beautifully luminous powder. This was the first radium-luminous material ever made. By mixing the powder with Damar varnish he produced the first radium-luminous paint. He was also the first person to make colored (and white) luminous materials. In 1907 he invented and patented a process for producing colored phosphorescent materials by combining phosphorescent and fluorescent substances.

Back in the United States in the fall of 1902 and into 1903, Hammer applied his radium-luminous materials to thirty different objects: luminous dials for clocks and watches, toys, artificial flowers, radium luminous gun sights, taps and pulls for lamp sockets, switches, keyholes, push buttons, telephone transmitters, poison bottle labels, a small plaster figure, push pins, and writing implements among others. He did not patent the invention due to the scarcity and high cost of radium, but later in an important suit involving foreign and American patents of radium-luminous materials, his testimony and that of other noted scientists and professionals of the day who had visited his home and laboratory proved that his work completely anticipated that of all inventors both in the United States and abroad. In 1902 he was one of the first persons to be burned with radium.

Hammer gave eighty-eight lectures on the Curies' work and on radium and radioactive substances. He wrote the first book published on radium, Radium and other Radioactive Substances, 1903. Hammer proposed and used radium for cancer and tumor treatment, successfully treating and curing a tumor on his own hand in July 1903. Tie also supplied several hospitals with radioactive water he had made and conducted extensive experiments with x-rays, cathode-rays, radium-rays, ultraviolet lights, phosphorescence, fluorescence, and cold-light. He was probably the first to suggest many wartime uses for radium-luminous materials, such as airplanes, instruments, markers, barbed-wire, and landing fields.

Hammer also did important work with selenium, a nonmetallic element that resembles sulphur and tellurium chemically. It is obtained chiefly as a by-product in copper refining, and occurs in allotropic forms. A grey stable form varies in electrical conductivity depending on the intensity of its illumination and is used in electronic devices. Hammer invented selenium cells and apparatus, and suggested industrial uses for selenium and other light-sensitive cells.

In 1886 Hammer devised a system for automatically controlling street and other lights by use of a selenium cell. In 1892 he designed a torpedo that could be steered by searchlight and selenium cell. In the early 1900s he suggested many other uses for "light" cells, including burglar alarms, dynamo control, buoy, railroad signaling, automatic gun firing, transmission of music, stethoscope recorder, automatic operating shutters, automatic boiler feed, snow recorder, and electric motor control.

At the St. Louis Exposition of 1904 Hammer was Chairman of the Jury for Telegraphy, Telephony, and Wireless. He was also a member of the "Departmental" Jury ("Applied Science: Electricity") and of the committee appointed to organize the International Electrical Congress at St. Louis in 1904.

In 1906 Hammer received the "Elliott Cresson" gold medal from the Franklin Institute for his "Historical Collection of Incandescent Electric Lamps," accumulated over thirty-four years. This collection received a special silver medal at the International Electrical Exposition at the Crystal Palace, London, England, in 1882, and "the Grand Prize" at the St. Louis Exposition of 1904.

During the First World war Hammer served as a major on the General Staff of the, Army War College, Washington, D.C., where he was attached to the Inventions Section of the War Plans Division and later to the operations Division at the war Department in charge of electrical and aeronautical war inventions. He did special work at the U.S. Patent office, marking and delaying patents that might be useful to the enemy and served on the Advisory Board of Experts attached to the Alien Property Commission. He was elected Historian general of the Military order of the World War (1926-1928) and was a member of the Society of American Military Engineers.

Hammer was an early aeronautics enthusiast and became the owner of one of the first airplanes sold in the United States to an individual. Even in his last few years of his life, Hammer's interest in airplanes did not wane. In 1931, by the permission of the Secretary of the -Navy, Hammer made a twelve-hour flight in the Los Angeles dirigible from the Lakehurst, New Jersey airdrome along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean to New York, flying over New York City at night.

Hammer served on numerous committees. In 1916 he was a member of a special committee, appointed by the Aeronautical Society of America. one of his responsibilities on this committee was to recommend methods for the formation of a reserve force of civilian aviators for the Army. At the start of World War I, Hammer was appointed chairman of a committee on camouflage by the Aeronautical Society. During the war, he flew airplanes and tested sound devices and was also among the first five selected out of thousands for the dissemination of propaganda into many countries. He also examined documents and papers captured from spies and prisoners of war to see if these material contained any technical matter of value to the U. S. Army.

Hammer traveled extensively as a delegate of the Military Order of World War I. For example, in 1922 he attended the aeronautical Congress and Flying Meet in Detroit, Michigan. In the same year he also attended Immigration Conferences of the National Civic Federation in New York.

Between 1922 and 1928 Hammer intensified his efforts in collecting and organizing autographed portraits of eminent scientific men, a project he had been working on for over forty-five years. Tie displayed many of these portraits with his Historical Collection of Incandescent Electrical Lamps in -his New York home. At this time he also prepared an elaborate bibliography on selenium and its industrial and scientific applications.

Major William Joseph Hammer, described by Edison as "my most valuable assistant at Menlo Park" died of pneumonia March 24, 1934.

label: Extent

content: 36 Cubic feet (124 boxes, 3 map-folders)

flag: datechar:creation era:ce normal:1847/1989 type:inclusive

content: circa 1847-1989

label: Custodial History

content: Collection transferred to the Archives Center from the Division of Electricity and Modern Physics (now Division of Work and Industry), September 9, 1983.

content: Collection descriptions

indexedContent: Collection descriptions

content: Archival materials

content: Correspondence

indexedContent: Correspondence

content: Photographs

indexedContent: Photographs

label: Citation

content: William J. Hammer Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

label: Arrangement

content:
The collection is divided into four series.

Series 1: William J. Hammer Papers, 1851-1957

Series 2: Edisonia, 1847-1960

Series 3: Reference Materials, 1870-1989

Series 4: Photographs, 1880-1925

label: Processing Information

content:
Collection processed by Robert Harding, 1996.

I would like to thank the staff of the Division of Electricity for their help and cooperation in the transfer of the collection, particularly Dr. Bernard Finn, Ray Hutt, Eliot Sivowitch, and Anastasia Atsiknoudas.

Several members of the Archives Center have helped me process this collection: Fuabeh Fonge and Elena Lawrence worked consistently over a summer arranging and describing portions of the collection; Don Darroch and Mumia Shimaka-Mbasu worked on the correspondence; and Evon Underhill has likewise worked on the collection and typed most of this register.

I would like to thank Bob Selim for his editing of this document. I would also like to particularly thank John Fleckner for his continuing guidance in this project.

label: Rights

content: Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

label: Genre/Form

content: Correspondence -- 1930-1950

content: Photographs -- 1850-1900

content: Photographs -- 20th century

content:
This collection includes original documents and papers generated by Hammer and by various companies and individuals and various secondary sources assembled by Hammer between 1874 and 1934. Hammer's lifelong association with the foremost scientists of his day -- Edison, Bell, Maxim, the Curies, the Wright brothers, and others - afforded him a unique opportunity to collect materials about the development of science along many lines.

This collection, which includes rare historical, scientific, and research materials, was donated by the International Business Machine Corporation to the Museum of History and Technology in 1962 and held by the Division of Electricity. In 1983 it was transferred to the -Archives Center. The collection was badly disorganized when received and contained many fragile documents in poor condition. The collection was organized and arranged as reflected in this register.

The collection documents in photographs, manuscripts, notes, books, pamphlets, and excerpts, the beginnings of electrical technology. In its present state, it comprises four series: Series 1 contains twenty-two boxes of the William J. Hammer Papers, containing both biographical and autobiographical material; Series 2 has twenty boxes of material on Edison; Series 3 consists of thirty-three boxes of reference material; and Series 4 holds twenty-one boxes of photographs and portraits. See the container list beginning on page 39 for more detailed information on the contents of the collection.

Most of the material in the collection is chronologically arranged. However, in some cases alphabetical arrangement has been employed, for example, in the arrangement of portraits of eminent men of electrical science (Series 4, Boxes 78-80, 100-101), and the arrangement of publications (by authors' last names).

Hammer did original laboratory work upon selenium, radium, cathode rays, x-rays, ultra-violet rays, phosphorescence, fluorescence, cold light, and wireless. These aspects of his career are reflected in many parts of the collection: in Series 1 there are articles, notes, diagrams, sketches, graphs,, and correspondence; in Series 3 articles, magazines, news clippings, and bound pamphlets. Tie contributed many technical writings, some of which are found in Series 1.

Papers detailing Hammer's aeronautical activities were transferred to the National Air and Space Museum. They consist of two scrapbooks and one cubic foot of aeronautical photographs of balloons, airplanes, and gliders and one-half cubic foot of correspondence. For further information contact the National Air and Space Museum Archives at (202) 357-3133.

label: Restrictions

content: Collection is open for research.

unitid: Collection NMAH.AC.0069

unittitle: William J. Hammer Collection

title: William J. Hammer Collection


unitCode: ACAH

level: file

title: Thomas Viaduct from south end, with Relay House

label: Collection Creator

content: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company

indexedContent: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company

label: Collection Author

content: Garrett, John W. (John Work), 1820-1884

indexedContent: Garrett, John W. (John Work)

content: Latrobe, Benj. H. (Benjamin Henry), 1807-1878

indexedContent: Latrobe, Benj. H. (Benjamin Henry)

label: See more items in

content: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Records

indexedContent: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Records

content: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Records / Series 9: Negatives / 9.3: Small film negatives (#1993-#2315), 35mm to post card size

label: Sponsor

content: Digitization of Series 9: Negatives was made possible by Andrew and Anya Shiva.

flag: datechar:creation era:ce type:inclusive

label: Date

content: circa 1920

label: Container

content: Box 32, Item 2481

label: Archival Repository

label: Type

content: Archival materials

indexedContent: Archival materials

content: Negatives

indexedContent: Negatives

label: Collection Citation

content: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Records, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

label: Collection Rights

label: Series Restrictions

content: Series 9: Negatives digitized in 2023. Researchers must use digital copies. Contact the Archives Center for information at archivescenter@si.edu or 202-633-3270.

usage_flag: Large EAD

type: Collection

unittitle: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Records

type: Series

unittitle: Negatives

type: Subseries

type: File

archival_repository: ACAH


title: Bridge 74 over the Monongahela, Glenwood, Pennsylvania

content: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company

content: Garrett, John W. (John Work), 1820-1884

content: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Records

content: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Records / Series 9: Negatives / 9.2: Glass Plate and Film Negatives (Numbered)

flag: datechar:creation type:inclusive

content: Box 17, Item 658

content: Archives Center, National Museum of American History

content: Archival materials

content: Negatives


title: Bridge 265, Johnstown, Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh Division

content: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company

content: Garrett, John W. (John Work), 1820-1884

content: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Records

indexedContent: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Records / Series 9: Negatives / 9.3: Small film negatives (#1993-#2315), 35mm to post card size

content: circa 1950

content: Box 31, Item 2266

indexedContent: Archives Center, National Museum of American History

content: Archival materials

content: Negatives


title: Dickerson‑Boyds improvement

content: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company

content: Garrett, John W. (John Work), 1820-1884

content: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Records

content: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Records / Series 9: Negatives / Miscellaneous

content: Box 40, Item 3919

content: Archival materials

content: Negatives

unittitle: Miscellaneous

unittitle: Dickerson‑Boyds improvement

title: Dickerson‑Boyds improvement


title: Construction of Bridge Number 309 at Proctor, West Virginia

content: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company

content: Garrett, John W. (John Work), 1820-1884

content: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Records

content: Box 35, Item 2971

content: Archival materials

content: Negatives

unittitle: Small film negatives (#1993-#2315), 35mm to post card size


title: Harpers Ferry Bridges and Tunnel

content: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company

content: Garrett, John W. (John Work), 1820-1884

content: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Records

indexedContent: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Records / Series 9: Negatives / Miscellaneous

content: Box 44, Item 4625

content: Archival materials

content: Negatives

unittitle: Harpers Ferry Bridges and Tunnel

title: Harpers Ferry Bridges and Tunnel


title: Pillar cranes, various locations

content: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company

content: Garrett, John W. (John Work), 1820-1884

content: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Records

content: Box 30, Item 2000

content: Archival materials

content: Negatives

unittitle: Pillar cranes, various locations

title: Pillar cranes, various locations


title: Miscellaneous construction, Cincinnati, Ohio

content: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company

content: Garrett, John W. (John Work), 1820-1884

content: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Records

content: Box 42, Item 4268

content: Archival materials

content: Negatives


title: "Whirley" locomotive derrick

content: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company

content: Garrett, John W. (John Work), 1820-1884

content: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Records

indexedContent: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Records / Series 9: Negatives / 9.2: Glass Plate and Film Negatives (Numbered)

content: undated

content: Box 19, Item 727

content: Archival materials

content: Negatives

unittitle: "Whirley" locomotive derrick

title: "Whirley" locomotive derrick


title: Monongahela Bridge

content: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company

content: Garrett, John W. (John Work), 1820-1884

content: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Records

content: Box 16, Item 243

content: Archival materials

content: Negatives

unittitle: Glass Plate and Film Negatives (Numbered)

unittitle: Monongahela Bridge

title: Monongahela Bridge


title: Mt. Sterling, Ohio Station

content: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company

content: Garrett, John W. (John Work), 1820-1884

content: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Records

content: Box 41, Item 4136

content: Archival materials

content: Negatives

unittitle: Mt. Sterling, Ohio Station

title: Mt. Sterling, Ohio Station


title: Magnolia Cutoff, Intertrack wall, station 1822‑44 looking east

content: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company

content: Garrett, John W. (John Work), 1820-1884

content: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Records

content: Box 20, Item 1242

content: Archival materials

content: Negatives


title: Union Station, Cleveland, Ohio

content: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company

content: Garrett, John W. (John Work), 1820-1884

content: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Records

content: Box 43, Item 4499

content: Archival materials

content: Negatives

unittitle: Union Station, Cleveland, Ohio

title: Union Station, Cleveland, Ohio


title: Frederick Junction

content: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company

content: Garrett, John W. (John Work), 1820-1884

content: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Records

content: undated

content: Box 44, Item 4562

content: Archival materials

content: Negatives

unittitle: Frederick Junction

title: Frederick Junction


title: Same piers & abutments

content: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company

content: Garrett, John W. (John Work), 1820-1884

content: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Records

content: Box 30, Item 2106

content: Archival materials

content: Negatives

unittitle: Same piers & abutments

title: Same piers & abutments


title: Monongahela Bridge side v.

content: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company

content: Garrett, John W. (John Work), 1820-1884

content: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Records

content: Box 15, Item 186

content: Archival materials

content: Negatives

unittitle: Monongahela Bridge side v.

title: Monongahela Bridge side v.


title: Photo #20 Foxburg, Pennsylvania, Allegheny right Bridge

content: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company

content: Garrett, John W. (John Work), 1820-1884

content: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Records

content: Box 23, Item 1517

content: Archival materials

content: Negatives


title: Elevated girder bridge showing old bridge on false work (see 135)

content: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company

content: Garrett, John W. (John Work), 1820-1884

content: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Records

content: Box 14, Item 112

content: Archival materials

content: Negatives


title: Miscellaneous engine structures, Cumberland, Maryland

content: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company

content: Garrett, John W. (John Work), 1820-1884

content: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Records

content: Box 42, Item 4322

content: Archival materials

content: Negatives


title: Station‑Rossville, Maryland, small frame with interlocking tower opposite

content: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company

content: Garrett, John W. (John Work), 1820-1884

content: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Records

content: undated

content: Box 31A, Item 2365

content: Archival materials

content: Negatives


title: Magnolia Cut‑off (?) with Marion Shovel, distant view

content: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company

content: Garrett, John W. (John Work), 1820-1884

content: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Records

content: Box 29, Item 1780

content: Archival materials

content: Negatives


title: Rotary switch

content: United Telegraph Workers.

indexedContent: United Telegraph Workers.

content: Western Union Telegraph Company

indexedContent: Western Union Telegraph Company

content: Western Union Telegraph Company Records

indexedContent: Western Union Telegraph Company Records

content: Western Union Telegraph Company Records / Series 23: Photographs / 23.14: Addenda (2017)

content: undated

content: Box 866

content: Archival materials

content: Photographs

content: Western Union Telegraph Company Records, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

label: Collection Restrictions

content: Collection is open for research but Series 11 and films are stored off-site. Special arrangements must be made to view some of the audiovisual materials. Contact the Archives Center for information at archivescenter@si.edu or 202-633-3270.

unittitle: Western Union Telegraph Company Records

unittitle: Photographs

unittitle: Addenda (2017)

unittitle: Rotary switch

digital_assets_available: false

title: Rotary switch


title: February 22

content: United Telegraph Workers.

content: Western Union Telegraph Company

content: Western Union Telegraph Company Records

content: Western Union Telegraph Company Records / Series 19: Public Relations Department Records / 19.14: Western Union House Organs / 19.14.10: Key & Sounder

flag: datechar:creation era:ce normal:1957/1957 type:inclusive

content: Box 647, Folder 2

content: Archival materials

unittitle: Public Relations Department Records

unittitle: Western Union House Organs

unittitle: Key & Sounder

unittitle: February 22

title: February 22


title: European Side (Liverpool; Paris; Valentia; Penzance Training School; Assistant General Management Office; Havre; London; Glasgow; Ballinskelligs)

content: United Telegraph Workers.

content: Western Union Telegraph Company

content: Western Union Telegraph Company Records

content: Western Union Telegraph Company Records / Series 18: Employee/Personnel Records / 18.5: Employee Wage Cards

content: Box 566

content: Archival materials

unittitle: Employee/Personnel Records

unittitle: Employee Wage Cards


title: Album #2389 Switchboard, Plugs and Jacks, 1928-29

content: United Telegraph Workers.

content: Western Union Telegraph Company

content: Western Union Telegraph Company Records

content: Western Union Telegraph Company Records / Series 23: Photographs / 23.3: Western Union Albums (numbered)

content: Box 720, Folder 2

content: Archival materials

content: Photographs

unittitle: Western Union Albums (numbered)


level: item

title: Opinion and decision Morse vs. Smith, 1855 (2 copies)

content: United Telegraph Workers.

content: Western Union Telegraph Company

content: Western Union Telegraph Company Records

content: Western Union Telegraph Company Records / Series 11: Law Department Records / 11.2: Law Department Publications

content: Box 454

content: Archival materials

content: Text

indexedContent: Text

content: This subseries is in storage off-site. Contact Archives Center for terms of access.

unittitle: Law Department Records

unittitle: Law Department Publications

type: Item


title: #1,752,084: Printing telegraphs, March 25

content: United Telegraph Workers.

content: Western Union Telegraph Company

content: Western Union Telegraph Company Records

content: Western Union Telegraph Company Records / Series 12: Patent Materials / 12.2: By Patent Number

flag: datechar:creation era:ce normal:1930/1930 type:inclusive

content: Box 460, Folder 12

content: Archival materials

content: Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

unittitle: Patent Materials

unittitle: By Patent Number


title: Western Union messengers in front of American Legion Building, New brunswick, new jersey

content: United Telegraph Workers.

content: Western Union Telegraph Company

content: Western Union Telegraph Company Records

indexedContent: Western Union Telegraph Company Records / Series 23: Photographs / 23.14: Addenda (2017)

content: undated

content: Box 866

content: Archival materials

content: Photographs


title: Journal of the Telegraph, Vol. 36, January 20, 1093-December 20

content: United Telegraph Workers.

content: Western Union Telegraph Company

content: Western Union Telegraph Company Records

content: Western Union Telegraph Company Records / Series 19: Public Relations Department Records / 19.14: Western Union House Organs / 19.14.9: Journal of the Telegraph

flag: datechar:creation era:ce normal:1903/1903 type:inclusive

content: Box 668, Folder 3

content: Archival materials

unittitle: Journal of the Telegraph


title: Transmitter for wall mounting

content: United Telegraph Workers.

content: Western Union Telegraph Company

content: Western Union Telegraph Company Records

content: Western Union Telegraph Company Records / Series 23: Photographs / 23.13: Oversized Photographs

content: undated

content: Box 771, Folder 19

content: Archival materials

content: Photographs

unittitle: Oversized Photographs

unittitle: Transmitter for wall mounting

title: Transmitter for wall mounting


title: Miscellaneous clippings

content: United Telegraph Workers.

content: Western Union Telegraph Company

content: Western Union Telegraph Company Records

content: Western Union Telegraph Company Records / Series 19: Public Relations Department Records / 19.10: Publicity Clippings

flag: datechar:creation era:ce normal:1917/1978 type:inclusive

content: Box 620, Folder 6

content: Archival materials

unittitle: Western Union Telegraph Company Records

unittitle: Publicity Clippings

unittitle: Miscellaneous clippings

title: Miscellaneous clippings


title: 1943

content: United Telegraph Workers.

content: Western Union Telegraph Company

content: Western Union Telegraph Company Records

content: Western Union Telegraph Company Records / Series 12: Patent Materials / 12.5: Contract Department Correspondence Re Patents

content: Box 476, Folder 9

content: Archival materials


title: Cablephoto of Queen Elizabeth courtesy Associated Press

content: United Telegraph Workers.

content: Western Union Telegraph Company

content: Western Union Telegraph Company Records

indexedContent: Western Union Telegraph Company Records / Series 23: Photographs / 23.13: Oversized Photographs

content: undated

content: Box 773, Folder 26

content: Archival materials

content: Photographs

unittitle: Photographs


title: US Circuit Court. District of Massachusetts. Western Union vs. American Bell Telephone. Volume 1. 1899 (bound)

content: United Telegraph Workers.

content: Western Union Telegraph Company

content: Western Union Telegraph Company Records

indexedContent: Western Union Telegraph Company Records / Series 11: Law Department Records / 11.2: Law Department Publications

content: Box 72C

content: Archival materials

content: Text


title: Microprocessor, notes

label: Collection Inventor

content: Lemelson, Jerome H., 1923-1997

indexedContent: Lemelson, Jerome H.

content: Jerome H. Lemelson Papers

indexedContent: Jerome H. Lemelson Papers

content: Jerome H. Lemelson Papers / Series 3: Abstracts and Specifications for Patents

content: undated

content: Box 66, Folder 12

content: Archival materials

content: Text

content: Jerome H. Lemelson Papers, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

content:
Collection is open for research but is stored off-site and special arrangements must be made to work with it. Contact the Archives Center for information at archivescenter@si.edu or 202-633-3270.

Portions of the collection remain unprocessed. See the arrangement note for updates about processing status. Please contact the Archives Center prior to scheduling a research appointment to access the collection.

As a preservation measure, researchers must view the reference access copies of the bound invention notebooks (Volume A-Volume 112) in Series 1. The pocket notebooks and scratch pads are available for research use.

Social Security numbers are present and have been rendered unreadable and redacted. Researchers may use the photocopies in the collection.

unittitle: Jerome H. Lemelson Papers

unittitle: Microprocessor, notes

title: Microprocessor, notes


title: Miscellaneous, photoprints

content: Lemelson, Jerome H., 1923-1997

content: Jerome H. Lemelson Papers

indexedContent: Jerome H. Lemelson Papers / Series 3: Abstracts and Specifications for Patents

content: undated

content: Box 67, Folder 6

content: Archives Center, National Museum of American History

content: Archival materials

content: Text

unittitle: Miscellaneous, photoprints

title: Miscellaneous, photoprints


title: Postal Terminal and Method, patent specifications

content: Lemelson, Jerome H., 1923-1997

content: Jerome H. Lemelson Papers

content: undated

content: Box 69, Folder 18

content: Archival materials

content: Text

unittitle: Abstracts and Specifications for Patents


title: Saints

label: Collection Collector

content: McCormick, Mack

indexedContent: McCormick, Mack

content: Robert "Mack" McCormick Collection

indexedContent: Robert "Mack" McCormick Collection

content: Robert "Mack" McCormick Collection / Series 6: Texas Blues Research / 6.4: Song Histories

content: Digitization of Series 1: Photographic Negatives, Photographs, and Slides was made possible by Andrew and Anya Shiva.

content: undated

content: Box 88, Folder 25

content: Archival materials

content: Robert "Mack" McCormick Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution

content:
Collection is open for research. Access to original materials in boxes 76-80 is prohibited.  Researchers must use digital copies.

Additional materials have been removed from public access pending investigation under the Smithsonian Institution's Ethical Returns and Shared Stewardship Policy.

unittitle: Robert "Mack" McCormick Collection

unittitle: Texas Blues Research

unittitle: Song Histories

unittitle: Saints

title: Saints


title: Song record chronologies

content: McCormick, Mack

content: Robert "Mack" McCormick Collection

indexedContent: Robert "Mack" McCormick Collection / Series 6: Texas Blues Research / 6.4: Song Histories

content: undated

content: Box 88, Folder 5

content: Archival materials

indexedContent: Archival materials

unittitle: Song record chronologies

title: Song record chronologies


title: McHugh, Joseph P., & Son, New York, New York

label: Series Creator

content: Warshaw, Isadore, 1900-1969

indexedContent: Warshaw, Isadore

content: Warshaw Collection of Business Americana Subject Categories: Furniture and Furnishings / Business Records, Marketing Material, and Other / 1: Companies

content: Funding for partial processing of the collection was supported by a grant from the Smithsonian Institution's Collections Care and Preservation Fund (CCPF).

content: Box 5, Folder 16-17

content: Archival materials

label: Series Citation

content: Warshaw Collection of Business Americana Subject Categories: Furniture and Furnishings, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution

label: Series Rights

label: Scope and Contents

content: Furniture Designers; Catalogue, 1898

content: Collection is open for research. Some items may be restricted due to fragile condition.

unittitle: Companies


level: series

label: Creator

content: Warshaw, Isadore, 1900-1969

label: Provenance

content: Architecture is a portion of the Business Ephemera Series of the Warshaw Collection of Business Americana, Accession AC0060 purchased from Isadore Warshaw in 1967. Warshaw continued to accumulate similar material until his death, which was donated in 1971 by his widow, Augusta. For a period after acquisition, related materials from other sources (of mixed provenance) were added to the collection so there may be content produced or published after Warshaw's death in 1969. This practice has since ceased.

content: Warshaw, Isadore, 1900-1969

label: Summary

content: A New York bookseller, Warshaw assembled this collection over nearly fifty years. The Warshaw Collection of Business Americana: Architecture forms part of the Warshaw Collection of Business Americana, Subseries 1.1: Subject Categories. The Subject Categories subseries is divided into 470 subject categories based on those created by Mr. Warshaw. These subject categories include topical subjects, types or forms of material, people, organizations, historical events, and other categories. An overview to the entire Warshaw collection is available here: Warshaw Collection of Business Americana

label: Extent

content: 3.86 Cubic feet (consisting of 3 boxes, 1 folder, 1 oversize folder, 3 map folders, 6 flat boxes (4 full, 2 partial), plus digital images of some collection material.)

flag: datechar:creation era:ce normal:1850/1970 type:inclusive

label: Identifier

content: Collection descriptions

indexedContent: Collection descriptions

content: Archival materials

content: Ephemera

indexedContent: Ephemera

content: Business ephemera

indexedContent: Business ephemera

label: Citation

content: Warshaw Collection of Business Americana Subject Categories: Architecture, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution

label: Arrangement note

content:
The arrangement has been created by the Archives Center. It is arranged in eight subseries.

1. Architects, circa 1850-1960

2. Manufacturers of Pre-Cut and Prefabricated Homes, circa 1910-1973

3. Residential Building Plans, circa 1906-1955

4. Manufacturers of Building Materials and Supplies, circa 1860-1910

5. Manufacturers of Portable Houses and Buildings, circa 1910-1920

6. Publications, circa 1843-1964; undated

7. General Information, undated

8. Oversize

label: Rights

content: Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

label: Genre/Form

content: Ephemera

content: Business ephemera

label: Scope and Contents note

content: This subject category- Architecture- relates to the design and construction of primarily residential architecture. Most of the materials date from the middle of the nineteenth century to the middle of the twentieth century. Some of the materials were created by architects. There is also a substantial amount of materials from manufacturers of pre-cut, prefabricated and even portable buildings and dwellings. This collection is rich in images of domestic architecture covering a century of design, especially in the oversize materials. Exterior and interior images, detailed plans are seen, often accompanied by glowing texts attesting to their charm and livability. A small group of publications relating to architecture is also included.

label: Restrictions

label: Materials in the Archives Center

content: Archives Center Collection of Business Americana (AC0404)

label: Forms Part Of

content:
Forms part of the Warshaw Collection of Business Americana.

Series 1: Business Ephemera

Series 2: Other Collection Divisions

Series 3: Isadore Warshaw Personal Papers

Series 4: Photographic Reference Material

unitid: Series NMAH.AC.0060.S01.01.Architecture


title: Moses, Marion

label: Collection Creator

content: Kubach, Richard

indexedContent: Kubach, Richard

content: Ellsworth, Scott, Dr.

indexedContent: Ellsworth, Scott, Dr.

content: National Museum of American History (U.S.). Division of Community Life

content: Melrose Diner

indexedContent: Melrose Diner

label: See more items in

content: Melrose Diner Collection

indexedContent: Melrose Diner Collection

content: Melrose Diner Collection / Series 3: Audio Tapes of Interviews with Owners and Employees of Melrose Diner

flag: datechar:creation era:ce normal:1987-09-24/1987-09-24 type:inclusive

label: Date

content: September 24, 1987

label: Container

content: Box 5

label: Archival Repository

label: Type

content: Archival materials

content: Audio

indexedContent: Audio

label: Collection Citation

content: Melrose Diner Collection, 1938-1988, Archives Center, National Museum of American History.

label: Collection Rights

label: Collection Restrictions

content: Collection is open for research.

unittitle: Melrose Diner Collection

unittitle: Moses, Marion

title: Moses, Marion


title: Missouri: St. Ann's (St. Louis): St. Charles Rock Road

content: Krispy Kreme Doughnut Corporation.

indexedContent: Krispy Kreme Doughnut Corporation.

content: Krispy Kreme Corporation Records

indexedContent: Krispy Kreme Corporation Records

content: Krispy Kreme Corporation Records / Series 6: Photographs / 6.3: Retails Shops and Plants

content: Box 20, Folder 6

content: Archival materials

content: Krispy Kreme Doughnut Corporation Records, Archives Center, National Museum of American History.

content: Collection is open for research. Unprotected photographs must be handled with gloves.

unittitle: Krispy Kreme Corporation Records

unittitle: Retails Shops and Plants


title: Tennessee: Knoxville: Magnolia Avenue

content: Krispy Kreme Doughnut Corporation.

content: Krispy Kreme Corporation Records

indexedContent: Krispy Kreme Corporation Records / Series 6: Photographs / 6.3: Retails Shops and Plants

content: Box 21, Folder 35

content: Archives Center, National Museum of American History

content: Archival materials

unittitle: Tennessee: Knoxville: Magnolia Avenue

title: Tennessee: Knoxville: Magnolia Avenue


title: Mississippi: Biloxi: Highway #90

content: Krispy Kreme Doughnut Corporation.

content: Krispy Kreme Corporation Records

content: Box 20, Folder 2

indexedContent: Archives Center, National Museum of American History

content: Archival materials

unittitle: Mississippi: Biloxi: Highway #90

title: Mississippi: Biloxi: Highway #90


title: Krispy Kreme Locations (Tenn & Florida) [Binder]

content: Krispy Kreme Doughnut Corporation.

content: Krispy Kreme Corporation Records

content: Krispy Kreme Corporation Records / Series 3: Operational Records / 3.3: Franchises/Associates

content: Box 44, Folder 13

content: Archival materials

unittitle: Operational Records

unittitle: Franchises/Associates


title: Carnegie Hall, New York City, December 11, 1943

content: Ellington, Duke, 1899-1974

indexedContent: Ellington, Duke

content: Duke Ellington Collection

indexedContent: Duke Ellington Collection

content: Duke Ellington Collection / Series 2: Performances and Programs / 2.2: Domestic Tours

label: Sponsor

content: Processing and encoding partially funded by a grant from the Council on Library and Information Resources.

content: Box 10 (Series 2), Folder 9

content: Archival materials

content: Duke Ellington Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

content:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Copyright restrictions. Consult the Archives Center at archivescenter@si.edu or 202-633-3270.

Paul Ellington, executor, is represented by:

Richard J.J. Scarola, Scarola Ellis LLP, 888 Seventh Avenue, 45th Floor, New York, New York 10106. Telephone (212) 757-0007 x 235; Fax (212) 757-0469; email: rjjs@selaw.com; www.selaw.com; www.ourlawfirm.com.

content: Collection is open for research but the original and master audiovisual materials are stored off-site and special arrangements must be made to work with it. Contact the Archives Center for information at archivescenter@si.edu or 202-633-3270.

unittitle: Duke Ellington Collection

unittitle: Performances and Programs

unittitle: Domestic Tours


title: Programs, 1976-1978

content: Short, Bobby

indexedContent: Short, Bobby

content: Bobby Short Papers

indexedContent: Bobby Short Papers

content: Bobby Short Papers / Series 5: Programs, Publicity, and Promotional Materials / 5.1: Programs for Performances by Bobby Short

content: Box 18, Folder 13-15

content: Archival materials

content: Bobby Short Papers, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

content: Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

content:
This collection is open for research use.

Physical Access: Researchers must handle unprotected photographs with gloves. Researchers must use reference copies of audio-visual materials. When no reference copy exists, the Archives Center staff will produce reference copies on an "as needed" basis, as resources allow. Researchers must use photocopies of scrapbooks due to the fragility of the originals, unless special access is approved.

Technical Access: Listening to sound recordings requires special appointment; please inquire.

unittitle: Bobby Short Papers

title: Programs, 1976-1978


title: Actresses, circa 1930s:

content: Short, Bobby

content: Bobby Short Papers

content: Bobby Short Papers / Series 3: Photographs / 3.3: Performers, Notable People, and Autographed

content: Box 9, Folder 39

content: Archival materials

indexedContent: Archival materials

unittitle: Photographs

unittitle: Actresses, circa 1930s:

title: Actresses, circa 1930s:


title: New Jersey, 1987

content: Short, Bobby

content: Bobby Short Papers

content: Bobby Short Papers / Series 4: Contracts and Related Documents / 4.1: Appearances in the United States and Foreign Countries

content: Box 15, Folder 8

content: Archival materials

unittitle: Contracts and Related Documents

unittitle: New Jersey, 1987

title: New Jersey, 1987


title: Portrait drawing, circa 1960s

content: Short, Bobby

content: Bobby Short Papers

content: Bobby Short Papers / Series 3: Photographs / 3.6: Photographs of Artworks Depicting Bobby Short

content: Box 10, Folder 26

content: Archival materials

unittitle: Portrait drawing, circa 1960s

title: Portrait drawing, circa 1960s


title: "Jet Zoom"

content: Short, Bobby

content: Bobby Short Papers

content: Bobby Short Papers / Series 7: Musical Materials

content: Box 21

content: Archival materials

unittitle: Musical Materials

unittitle: "Jet Zoom"

title: "Jet Zoom"


title: California, 1953

content: Short, Bobby

content: Bobby Short Papers

indexedContent: Bobby Short Papers / Series 4: Contracts and Related Documents / 4.1: Appearances in the United States and Foreign Countries

content: Box 11, Folder 28

content: Archival materials

unittitle: California, 1953

title: California, 1953


title: with letters from Ray Henderson, composer

content: Short, Bobby

content: Bobby Short Papers

indexedContent: Bobby Short Papers / Series 7: Musical Materials

flag: datechar:creation era:ce normal:1965/1965 type:inclusive

content: Box 24

content: Archival materials


title: With Roberto Maksoud, Sao Paulo, Brazil; September, 1982

content: Short, Bobby

content: Bobby Short Papers

content: Bobby Short Papers / Series 3: Photographs / 3.2: With Celebrities and Notable People

content: Box 31, Folder 6

content: Archival materials

unittitle: With Celebrities and Notable People


title: Good Scents

label: Collection Collector

content: Adams, Arland, Jr.

indexedContent: Adams, Arland, Jr.

content: Arland Adams, Jr., Drug Paraphernalia Collection / Series 1: Catalogs

content: undated

content: Box 1, Folder 9

content: Archival materials

content: Arland Adams, Jr., Drug Paraphernalia Collection, Archives Center, National Musueum of American History, Smithsonian Institution

content: Collection is open for research.

unittitle: Catalogs

unittitle: Good Scents

title: Good Scents


title: "Service Slant No. 29 - Volume Correction whenever 2' Flute Treble Stop is used"

label: Collection Donor

content: Zuck, Victor I. , 1908-2004

indexedContent: Zuck, Victor I.

content: Zuck, Nathalie A. Peterson, d. 2013

indexedContent: Zuck, Nathalie A. Peterson, d. 2013

content: Victor I. Zuck Electronic Organ Collection / Series 2: Sales Literature on Wurlitzer Orgatron / 2.2: Service Manuals / 2.2.1: "Service Slants and Parts Catalog," Wurlitzer Binder

content: undated

content: Box 2, Folder 7

content: Archival materials

content: Victor I. Zuck Electronic Organ Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution

label: Scope and Contents

content:
Associated No. W0-29, No. 3C92149
Part No. 16445

content: The collection is open for research.

unittitle: Sales Literature on Wurlitzer Orgatron

unittitle: Service Manuals


title: "Service Slant No. 214 - Fuse Failure"

content: Zuck, Victor I. , 1908-2004

content: Zuck, Nathalie A. Peterson, d. 2013

content: Victor I. Zuck Electronic Organ Collection / Series 2: Sales Literature on Wurlitzer Orgatron / 2.2: Service Manuals / 2.2.1: "Service Slants and Parts Catalog," Wurlitzer Binder / 2.2.1.1: Additional Material Found in Binder (Not Labeled in "Index")

content: undated

content: Box 2, Folder 20

content: Archives Center, National Museum of American History

content: Archival materials

content: Associated No. W-214, No. 2M4148

content: The collection is open for research.

unittitle: "Service Slant No. 214 - Fuse Failure"

title: "Service Slant No. 214 - Fuse Failure"


title: Myers-Whaley [firstanel?] used at mindrels Tennessee

content: Missionary Catechists of Divine Providence.

content: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Civil Engineering Department

content: Underwood and Underwood

indexedContent: Underwood and Underwood

content: Division of Work and Industry Lantern Slide Collection / Series 2: Extractive Industries / 2.1.4: Coal -- General 1-76

content: Box 81A, Item 35

content: Archival materials

content: Photographs

indexedContent: Photographs

content: Division of Work and Industry Lantern Slide Collection, 1758-1945, Archives Center, National Museum of American History.

content: Collection open for research on site by appointment. Unprotected photographs must be handled with gloves.

unittitle: Extractive Industries

unittitle: Coal -- General 1-76


title: Notebook 16

content: Heumann, Judith E. (Judith Ellen) (1947-12-18-2023-03-04)

content: Pineda, Jorge H. , 1955-

indexedContent: Pineda, Jorge H. , 1955-

content: Judith E. Heumann Papers

indexedContent: Judith E. Heumann Papers

content: Judith E. Heumann Papers / Series 3: Notebooks / 3.3: Notebooks,  U.S. State Department, International Disability Rights

content: Box 9, Folder 7

content: Archival materials

content: Text

indexedContent: Text

content: Judith E. Heumann Papers, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

content: Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

content:
Reference copies for audio and moving images materials do not exist. Use of these materials requires special arrangement.

Gloves must be worn when handling unprotected photographs and negatives.

Social Security numbers are present and have been rendered unreadable and redacted. Researchers may use the photocopies in the collection. The remainder of the collection has no restrictions.

unittitle: Judith E. Heumann Papers

unittitle: Notebooks

unittitle: Notebook 16

title: Notebook 16


title: National Council on Independent Living, Americans with Disabilities Act, Independent Living Center Training Project

content: Pineda, Jorge H. , 1955-

content: Judith E. Heumann Papers

content: Judith E. Heumann Papers / Series 6: Jorge Pineda Materials  / 6.2: Subject Files

content: Box 22, Folder 1

content: Archival materials

content: Text

unittitle: Jorge Pineda Materials

unittitle: Subject Files


title: Kennedy for President Advance Seminar

content: Pineda, Jorge H. , 1955-

content: Judith E. Heumann Papers

content: Judith E. Heumann Papers / Series 5: Subject Files

content: Box 15, Folder 9

content: Archival materials

content: Text

unittitle: Kennedy for President Advance Seminar

title: Kennedy for President Advance Seminar


title: Smithsonian Institution, Accessibility Program

content: Pineda, Jorge H. , 1955-

content: Judith E. Heumann Papers

indexedContent: Judith E. Heumann Papers / Series 6: Jorge Pineda Materials  / 6.2: Subject Files

content: Box 23, Folder 8

content: Archival materials

content: Text


title: World Bank [India, Conference on Disability and Development]

content: Pineda, Jorge H. , 1955-

content: Judith E. Heumann Papers

content: Judith E. Heumann Papers / Series 8: Photographs and Scrapbooks

content: Box 49

indexedContent: Archives Center, National Museum of American History

content: Archival materials

content: Photographs

content: Color photographs that depict Judith E. Heumann in her role as Advisor on Disability and Development at the World Bank.

unittitle: Photographs and Scrapbooks


title: Correspondence received

content: Shepard, Matthew, 1976-1998

indexedContent: Shepard, Matthew

content: Matthew Shepard Papers

indexedContent: Matthew Shepard Papers

content: Matthew Shepard Papers / Series 2: Shepard Family and The Matthew Shepard Foundation, Papers and Correspondence Received / 2.2: Correspondence Received

content: Box 20, Folder 2

content: Archival materials

content: Matthew Shepard Papers, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution

content: Collection is open for research.

unittitle: Matthew Shepard Papers

unittitle: Correspondence Received

unittitle: Correspondence received

title: Correspondence received


title: Joint Research Notebook

label: Collection Author

content: Parke, Davis Company

indexedContent: Parke, Davis Company

content: Parke, Davis Research Laboratory Records. / Series 6: Notebooks / 6.1: Joint Research Notebooks

content: October 1912 -  December 1912

content: Box 3 (Subseries 6.1), Volume 8

content: Archival materials

content: Parke, Davis Research Laboratory Records, Archives Center, National Museum of American History.

content: Collection is open for research but is stored off-site and special arrangements must be made to work with it. Contact the Archives Center for information at archivescenter@si.edu or 202-633-3270.

unittitle: Joint Research Notebooks

unittitle: Joint Research Notebook

title: Joint Research Notebook


title: Seminole Indian dug out canoe 1937

content: United States. Works Progress Administration

content: Historic American Merchant Marine Survey Records / Series 5: Drawings / 5.1: Drawings / 5.1.7: Volume 1 (East Coast), Part 3B, Number 1

content: Box 29, Sheet 8-56

content: Archival materials

content: Historic American Merchant Marine Survey, 1936-1937, Archives Center, National Museum of American History.

content: Collection is open for research.

unittitle: Drawings

unittitle: Seminole Indian dug out canoe 1937

title: Seminole Indian dug out canoe 1937


title: Petosky screw steamer

indexedContent: United States. Works Progress Administration

content: Historic American Merchant Marine Survey Records / Series 5: Drawings / 5.1: Drawings / 5.1.11: Volume 2 (Great Lakes), Part B

content: Box 31, Sheet 14-42

content: Archives Center, National Museum of American History

content: Archival materials

content: Collection is open for research.

unittitle: Volume 2 (Great Lakes), Part B

unittitle: Petosky screw steamer

title: Petosky screw steamer


title: Waitt & Bond, yankee cigars

label: Collection Designer

content: Nesbitt, Saul, 1920-1993

indexedContent: Nesbitt, Saul

content: Saul Nesbitt Papers

indexedContent: Saul Nesbitt Papers

content: Saul Nesbitt Papers / Series 5: Photographic Materials / 5.2: Transparencies of Package Designs / 5.2.22: Products beginning with W

content: undated

content: Box 10

content: Archival materials

indexedContent: Archival materials

content: Negatives

indexedContent: Negatives

content: Saul Nesbitt Papers, 1951-1984, Archives Center, National Museum of American History.

unittitle: Saul Nesbitt Papers

unittitle: Photographic Materials

unittitle: Transparencies of Package Designs

unittitle: Products beginning with W

unittitle: Waitt & Bond, yankee cigars

title: Waitt & Bond, yankee cigars


title: The Disability Rag

content: Disability Reference Collection

indexedContent: Disability Reference Collection

content: Disability Reference Collection / Series 13: Printed Material

flag: datechar:creation era:ce normal:1989/1989 type:inclusive

content: 1989 - 1989

content: Box 49, Folder 4

content: Archival materials

label: Series Rights

content: Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

label: Series Restrictions

content: Collection is open for research.

unittitle: Disability Reference Collection

unittitle: Printed Material

unittitle: The Disability Rag

title: The Disability Rag


title: Stokes, Bill

content: Disability Reference Collection

content: Disability Reference Collection / Series 12: Arizonans for Safe and Equal Access to Transportation

flag: datechar:creation era:ce normal:1988/1989 type:inclusive

content: 1988 - 1989

content: Box 45, Folder 15

content: Archival materials

content: Collection is open for research.

unittitle: Stokes, Bill

title: Stokes, Bill


title: Disabled USA

content: Disability Reference Collection

indexedContent: Disability Reference Collection / Series 13: Printed Material

flag: datechar:creation era:ce normal:1984/1984 type:inclusive

content: 1984 - 1984

content: Box 51, Folder 1

content: Archival materials

content: Collection is open for research.

unittitle: Disabled USA

title: Disabled USA


title: Hannah, Bruce

content: Disability Reference Collection

content: Disability Reference Collection / Series 4: Universal Design

flag: datechar:creation era:ce normal:1999/1999 type:inclusive

content: 1999 - 1999

content: Box 84, Folder 16

content: Archival materials

content: Collection is open for research.

unittitle: Universal Design

unittitle: Hannah, Bruce

title: Hannah, Bruce


title: 10419

label: Collection Creator

content: Pullman Palace Car Co.

indexedContent: Pullman Palace Car Co.

content: Pullman-Standard

indexedContent: Pullman-Standard

content: Pullman Palace Car Company Photographs

indexedContent: Pullman Palace Car Company Photographs

content: Pullman Palace Car Company Photographs / Series 4: Glass Plate Negatives / 4.2: 8 x 10 negatives

content: John and Ellen Thompson provided financial support for processing the collection.

content: Box 107

content: Archival materials

content: Negatives

content: Pullman Palace Car Company Photographs, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution

content: Copyright held by the Smithsonian Institution.

unittitle: Pullman Palace Car Company Photographs

unittitle: Glass Plate Negatives

unittitle: 8 x 10 negatives


title: 1373

content: Pullman Palace Car Co.

content: Pullman-Standard

label: See more items in

content: Pullman Palace Car Company Photographs

content: Pullman Palace Car Company Photographs / Series 4: Glass Plate Negatives / 4.1: 6 x 8 negatives

content: Box 57

content: Archival materials

content: Negatives

unittitle: 6 x 8 negatives


title: Film negatives, 5243, 103rd Street

content: Pullman Palace Car Co.

content: Pullman-Standard

content: Pullman Palace Car Company Photographs

content: Pullman Palace Car Company Photographs / Series 3: Film Negatives

content: Box 43

content: Archival materials

content: Negatives

content: Collection is open for research but is stored off-site and special arrangements must be made to work with it. Contact the Archives Center for information at archivescenter@si.edu or 202-633-3270.

unittitle: Film Negatives

unittitle: Film negatives, 5243, 103rd Street

title: Film negatives, 5243, 103rd Street


title: 3418

content: Pullman Palace Car Co.

content: Pullman-Standard

content: Pullman Palace Car Company Photographs

indexedContent: Pullman Palace Car Company Photographs / Series 4: Glass Plate Negatives / 4.1: 6 x 8 negatives

content: Box 72

content: Archival materials

content: Negatives


title: 3111

content: Pullman Palace Car Co.

content: Pullman-Standard

content: Pullman Palace Car Company Photographs

content: Box 70

content: Archival materials

content: Negatives


title: 16544

content: Pullman Palace Car Co.

content: Pullman-Standard

content: Pullman Palace Car Company Photographs

indexedContent: Pullman Palace Car Company Photographs / Series 4: Glass Plate Negatives / 4.2: 8 x 10 negatives

content: Box 123

content: Archival materials

content: Negatives


title: 9878

content: Pullman Palace Car Co.

content: Pullman-Standard

content: Pullman Palace Car Company Photographs

content: Box 105

content: Archival materials

content: Negatives


title: 4247

content: Pullman Palace Car Co.

content: Pullman-Standard

content: Pullman Palace Car Company Photographs

content: Box 76

content: Archival materials

content: Negatives


title: 6492

content: Pullman Palace Car Co.

content: Pullman-Standard

content: Pullman Palace Car Company Photographs

content: Box 90

content: Archival materials

content: Negatives


title: 2952

content: Pullman Palace Car Co.

content: Pullman-Standard

content: Pullman Palace Car Company Photographs

content: Box 69

content: Archival materials

content: Negatives


title: 3266

content: Pullman Palace Car Co.

content: Pullman-Standard

content: Pullman Palace Car Company Photographs

content: Box 71

content: Archival materials

content: Negatives


title: 7253

content: Pullman Palace Car Co.

content: Pullman-Standard

content: Pullman Palace Car Company Photographs

content: Box 95

content: Archival materials

content: Negatives


title: Copy prints, 35409-35458

content: Pullman Palace Car Co.

content: Pullman-Standard

content: Pullman Palace Car Company Photographs

content: Pullman Palace Car Company Photographs / Series 2: Copy Prints

label: Date

content: Box 14, Folder 15

content: Archival materials

content: Photographs

indexedContent: Photographs

content: This series is partially digitized. Digitized assets are linked to the finding aid.

unittitle: Copy Prints

title: Copy prints, 35409-35458


title: 4491

content: Pullman Palace Car Co.

content: Pullman-Standard

content: Pullman Palace Car Company Photographs

label: Container

content: Box 78

indexedContent: Archives Center, National Museum of American History

content: Archival materials

content: Negatives


title: 12744

content: Pullman Palace Car Co.

content: Pullman-Standard

content: Pullman Palace Car Company Photographs

content: Box 113

label: Archival Repository

content: Archival materials

content: Negatives


title: 554

content: Pullman Palace Car Co.

content: Pullman-Standard

content: Pullman Palace Car Company Photographs

content: Box 49

label: Type

content: Archival materials

content: Negatives


title: 12854

content: Pullman Palace Car Co.

content: Pullman-Standard

content: Pullman Palace Car Company Photographs

content: Box 113

content: Archival materials

content: Negatives

label: Collection Citation


title: 7778

content: Pullman Palace Car Co.

content: Pullman-Standard

content: Pullman Palace Car Company Photographs

content: Box 97

content: Archival materials

content: Negatives

label: Collection Rights


title: 6697,  Rutland Railroad

content: Pullman Palace Car Co.

content: Pullman-Standard

content: Pullman Palace Car Company Photographs

content: Pullman Palace Car Company Photographs / Series 2: Copy Prints / Copy prints, 6668-6699

content: Box 8, Folder 49

content: Archival materials

content: Photographs

unittitle: Copy prints, 6668-6699

unittitle: 6697,  Rutland Railroad

title: 6697,  Rutland Railroad


title: 8228

content: Pullman Palace Car Co.

content: Pullman-Standard

content: Pullman Palace Car Company Photographs

content: Box 99

content: Archives Center, National Museum of American History

content: Archival materials

content: Negatives

label: Collection Restrictions


title: 22601

content: Pullman Palace Car Co.

content: Pullman-Standard

content: Pullman Palace Car Company Photographs

label: Sponsor

content: Box 132

content: Archival materials

content: Negatives


title: 16688

content: Pullman Palace Car Co.

content: Pullman-Standard

content: Pullman Palace Car Company Photographs

content: Box 123

content: Archival materials

content: Negatives


title: 15832

content: Pullman Palace Car Co.

content: Pullman-Standard

content: Pullman Palace Car Company Photographs

content: Box 121

content: Archival materials

content: Negatives


title: 6880,  Pullman Company

content: Pullman Palace Car Co.

content: Pullman-Standard

content: Pullman Palace Car Company Photographs

content: Pullman Palace Car Company Photographs / Series 2: Copy Prints / Copy prints, 6837-6880

content: undated

content: Box 8, Folder 56

content: Archival materials

content: Photographs

unittitle: Copy prints, 6837-6880

unittitle: 6880,  Pullman Company

title: 6880,  Pullman Company


title: Copy prints, 20395-20522

content: Pullman Palace Car Co.

content: Pullman-Standard

content: Pullman Palace Car Company Photographs

indexedContent: Pullman Palace Car Company Photographs / Series 2: Copy Prints

content: Box 10, Folder 103

content: Archival materials

content: Photographs

title: Copy prints, 20395-20522


title: 11915

content: Pullman Palace Car Co.

content: Pullman-Standard

content: Pullman Palace Car Company Photographs

content: Box 110

content: Archival materials

content: Negatives


title: 9536

content: Pullman Palace Car Co.

content: Pullman-Standard

content: Pullman Palace Car Company Photographs

content: Box 104

content: Archival materials

content: Negatives


title: 6761

content: Pullman Palace Car Co.

content: Pullman-Standard

content: Pullman Palace Car Company Photographs

content: Box 91

content: Archival materials

content: Negatives


title: 14507

content: Pullman Palace Car Co.

content: Pullman-Standard

content: Pullman Palace Car Company Photographs

content: Box 118

content: Archival materials

content: Negatives


title: 131, Box Car, exterior, lot 1511, Minneapolis, Saint Paul and Sault Ste Marie, #4802, "800 Line", from 5" x 7" glass plate

content: Pullman Palace Car Co.

content: Pullman-Standard

content: Pullman Palace Car Company Photographs

content: Box 45

content: Archival materials

content: Negatives


title: 6837,  Pullman Company

content: Pullman Palace Car Co.

content: Pullman-Standard

content: Pullman Palace Car Company Photographs

indexedContent: Pullman Palace Car Company Photographs / Series 2: Copy Prints / Copy prints, 6837-6880

content: circa 1903

content: Box 8, Folder 56

content: Archival materials

content: Photographs

unittitle: 6837,  Pullman Company

title: 6837,  Pullman Company


title: 12182

content: Pullman Palace Car Co.

content: Pullman-Standard

content: Pullman Palace Car Company Photographs

content: Box 111

content: Archival materials

content: Negatives


title: 473

content: Pullman Palace Car Co.

content: Pullman-Standard

content: Pullman Palace Car Company Photographs

content: Box 48

content: Archival materials

content: Negatives


title: Film negatives, 20831

content: Pullman Palace Car Co.

content: Pullman-Standard

content: Pullman Palace Car Company Photographs

indexedContent: Pullman Palace Car Company Photographs / Series 3: Film Negatives

content: Box 16

content: Archival materials

content: Negatives

unittitle: Film negatives, 20831

title: Film negatives, 20831


level: subseries

title: Missouri

label: Series Creator

content: DeVincent, Sam, 1918-1997

indexedContent: DeVincent, Sam

content: Sam DeVincent Collection of Illustrated American Sheet Music, Series 8: Geography / 8.1-8.49: United States

flag: datechar:creation era:ce normal:1843/1959 type:inclusive

label: Identifier

content: NMAH.AC.0300.S08, Subseries 8.28

content: Archival materials

label: Series Citation

content: The Sam DeVincent Collection of Illustrated American Sheet Music, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution

content: Collection is open for research.

unitid: Series 8.28

unitid: Subseries 8.28

unittitle: United States

unittitle: Missouri

digital_assets_available: true

title: Missouri


title: Songs about Wisconsin Includes: "In the Dells of Old Wisconsin" and "On, Wisconsin!"

content: DeVincent, Sam, 1918-1997

content: Sam DeVincent Collection of Illustrated American Sheet Music, Series 8: Geography / 8.1-8.49: United States / 8.48: Wisconsin

label: Extent

content: 17 Items

content: undated

flag: datechar:creation era:ce normal:1899/1954 type:inclusive

content: Box 42, Folder A

content: Archival materials

content: Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

content: Collection is open for research.

unittitle: Wisconsin


title: Meet Me In St. Louis, Louis [illustrated sheet music]

label: Local Numbers

content: 040300249003.tif (AC Scan No.)

label: Exhibitions Note

content: In Archives Center display, "Meet Me In St. Louis, Louis (A Year Late): Remembering the Louisiana Purchase at the 1904 World's Fair," 2003, David Haberstich, curator.

label: Publication

content: New York., Vogel Music Co., Inc., [1944]

label: Lyricist

content: Sterling, Andrew B.

indexedContent: Sterling, Andrew B.

label: Publisher

content: Mills, F.A.

indexedContent: Mills, F.A.

label: Composer

content: Mills, Kerry, 1869-1948

indexedContent: Mills, Kerry

content: Vogel Music Co., Inc.

indexedContent: Vogel Music Co., Inc.

label: Names

content: Louisiana Purchase Exposition (1904: Saint Louis, Mo.)

content: Garland, Judy, 1922-1969

indexedContent: Garland, Judy

content: DeVincent, Sam, 1918-1997

label: Topic

content: Music

indexedContent: Music

content: Exhibitions

indexedContent: Exhibitions

content: World's fairs

indexedContent: World's fairs

content: Motion picture music

indexedContent: Motion picture music

content: Sterling, Andrew B.

content: Mills, F.A.

content: Mills, Kerry, 1869-1948

content: Vogel Music Co., Inc.

content: Sam DeVincent Collection of Illustrated American Sheet Music, Series 8: Geography / 8.1-8.49: United States / 8.28: Missouri / St. Louis

content: 1 Item (Ink on paper., 13-3/4 x 10-5/8".)

flag: datechar:publication era:ce normal:1904/1904 type:inclusive

content: Box 29, Folder "Missori Cities"

content: Archival materials

content: Sheet music

indexedContent: Sheet music

label: Rights

content: Copyright 1904 by F. A. Mills, renewed 1931, assigned 1935 to Jerry Vogel Music Co., Inc.

label: Genre/Form

content: Sheet music

label: Scope and Contents

content: Cover illustration of Judy Garland with parasol. Black-and-white with blue background. Text refers to motion picture, "Meet Me in St. Louis", "starring Judy Garland with Margaret O'Brien, Mary Astor, Lucille Bremer, Marjorie Main, Tom Drake / Directed by Vincente Minnelli / produced by Arthur Freed / A Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Picture in Technicolor." 6 pp. The motion picture was released in 1944, but there is no publication date on the music.

content: Collection is open for research.

unittitle: St. Louis