level: collection

title: Arthur Ehrat Papers

label: Creator

content: Ehrat, Arthur

indexedContent: Ehrat, Arthur

content: Fleckner, John A., 1941-

indexedContent: Fleckner, John A., 1941-

label: Topic

content: Patent suits

indexedContent: Patent suits

content: Sporting goods industry -- 1950-1990

indexedContent: Sporting goods industry

content: Baketball hoops

indexedContent: Baketball hoops

content: Basketball

indexedContent: Basketball

content: Inventors

indexedContent: Inventors

content: Inventions -- 20th century

indexedContent: Inventions

label: Provenance

content: Donated to the Archives Center in 2005 by Arthur Ehrat. An addenda of materials related to Toby Dittrich was donated by Toby Dittrich in 2014.

content: Ehrat, Arthur

content: Fleckner, John A., 1941-

content: Arthur Ehrat Papers

indexedContent: Arthur Ehrat Papers

label: Summary

content: Arthur Ehrat invented and patented a breakaway basketball rim, fashioning his prototypes from bolts, metal braces and one key part: a piece of the heavy-duty coil spring on a John Deere cultivator. His invention helped to revolutionize the way basketball is played because players could slam dunk the ball with fewer injuries and without bending the rims or breaking backboards. This collection includes correspondence, legal documents --such as patent papers, litigation files and licensing agreements --photographs and sketches that relate to the basketball invention, as well as materials regarding his two field spreader patents and other invention ideas.

label: Biographical / Historical

content:
Arthur Henry Ehrat was born December 20, 1924. He grew up on a farm near Shobonier, IL, east of St. Louis. Ehrat had four sisters and a brother: Dorothea, Ruth, Bernice, Grace and Walter. Growing up on a farm during the Great Depression, Ehrat learned farming skills, including milking, baling, and operating heavy equipment such as threshing machines. After graduating from Vandalia High School he moved to Wheaton, IL, to work on a farm. From the latter part of 1945 until 1947, Ehrat was an Army medic, stationed in Fort Sheridan, IL; Camp Atterbury, IN; Fort Meade, MD; and Manila, Philippines. After his Army service, Ehrat moved back to Illinois and spent a few years farming with his brother.

In the early 1950s Ehrat lived with his sister Bernice and her family in Minneapolis while attending a two-year course at Minneapolis Business College. Upon completion of the course, he returned to Virden, IL and worked at a grain elevator. Ehrat met Mary Mardell Worth in Virden. They were married June 27, 1954, and had five daughters: Rose, Jo, Sharon, Jane and Linda. Ehrat managed the grain elevator at Farmers Elevator Co. in Lowder, IL for nearly 30 years.

In the mid-1970s, Ehrat's nephew, Randy Albrecht, a coach at St. Louis University, mentioned that basketball players were slamming the basketball ball through the rim and hurting themselves, as well as bending or breaking the rims, which were affixed directly to the backboard.  The bent rims had to be straightened, causing a delay of game. While Ehrat never had a strong interest in the game of basketball, Albrecht suggested his uncle, who was known as a tinkerer, come up with a safer basketball rim. The conversation sparked a few ideas. Ehrat bought a flimsy $20 basketball rim and began building a prototype.

Basketball fans during the 1940s and 1950s didn't see many slam dunks. Despite the leaping ability of stars Bob Kurland, George Mikan, and James Clifford Pollard, aka "the Kangaroo Kid," the dunk shot was considered showboating and was often done only in practice. Basketball players, whose average size was smaller in the mid-20th century, viewed the dunk as a low-percentage shot compared with the ubiquitous jump-shot.

 In 1967, the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) outlawed dunking. A few years later, Julius "Dr. J" Erving, who played professionally for the American Basketball Association's Virginia Squires, re-ignited excitement about basketball with his high-flying slams. In the first half of 1976, a few months before Ehrat first applied for a patent, the dunk was reinstated in college basketball.

At the professional level, flamboyant hoops star Darryl "Dr. Dunk" Dawkins shattered some glass backboards in the late 1970s  and early 1980s, which prompted the National Basketball Association (NBA) to ban the shattering of backboards and make collapsible rims mandatory. The NBA's call for collapsible rims, along with the NCAA's reinstatement of the dunk, opened the door for innovations in basketball rims.

Collapsible rims, which folded down when pressure was applied to them, were the precursor to breakaway rims and had to be manually put back in place. Ehrat created a safer basketball rim that automatically snapped back after a slam dunk.

Ehrat's first rim, used a door spring. It was bolted to two plates, one that remained fastened while the other flexed down under pressure. The hinge was not strong enough, so he focused on creating a detent. A detent is a device that holds one mechanical part in relation to another so the device can be released when force is applied. If someone slam dunks a basketball and pulls on the rim, a detent would allow the rim to flex downward with minimal pressure on the backboard. Ehrat fitted some heavy-duty magnets between metal plates on the rim, but this did not work as he envisioned.

The turning point came when Ehrat decided to use a spring mechanism. Drawing upon his agricultural background, he pulled a spring from a John Deere cultivator, cutting it to fit the basketball rim. The thick, sturdy coil was able to withstand more than a hundred pounds of pressure before yielding downward and would push the rim back into place. In addition to the spring, he tested ball bearings, bolts, and corner braces before finding the right combination that would hold at least 150 pounds of pressure.

Once he had viable prototypes, Ehrat tested their durability. He sent one to Virden High School and enlisted Randy Albrecht, to test the other prototypes. Albrecht used his connections as a basketball coach at St. Louis Community College at Meramec to have prototypes installed at the schools where he worked. The rims were sent to other high schools and colleges by Ehrat. For more information on where the prototypes went, see his deposition in Series 3, Subseries 3. Ehrat estimated in his deposition that he built approximately 36-40 prototype rims.

It took six years, from July 1976 to December 1982, for Ehrat to receive the patent on his basketball goal (United States Patent No. 4,365,802, Deformation-preventing swingable mount for basketball goals). His application was rejected twice, with patent examiner Paul Shapiro noting that Frederick C. Tyner held a patent for a similar basketball goal (United States Patent No. 4,111, 420, energy-absorbing basketball goal/backboard unit).

Ehrat and his attorney, Ralph Staubly, pursued an appeal of the rejection. Staubly, a retired patent examiner had moved to Springfield, IL, in the 1970s to open a private practice.   A major part of the appeal involved notarized letters from acquaintances who said that Ehrat's invention was unique and would be an asset to the sport of basketball. He also proved, through copies of canceled checks and a rough sketch of his invention, that he was working on his breakaway basketball goal in 1975 before Frederick Tyner conceived of his. In a 1984 deposition (Series 3, Subseries 1), Tyner placed the date of his invention near the last week of March or first week of April 1976, not long after he heard that the NCAA had reinstated dunking.

Ehrat won the appeal, effectively rendering the Tyner patent invalid. After Staubly fell ill and moved to Texas, and in early 1983, Ehrat found a new patent attorney,McPherson Moore of the St. Louis firm Rogers, Eilers and Howell, who became Ehrat's main legal counsel for approximately 20 years.

In February, 1983, two months after Ehrat received his patent, his attorney McPherson Moore sent certified letters to more than 60 sporting goods companies to announce the patent. The letters were sent to alert companies of possible infringement and to garner interest in licensing agreements.

During the basketball goal patent's 17-year lifespan, Ehrat obtained a dozen companies as licensees. Only Fisher-Price and Schutt Manufacturing signed without much difficulty. Ehrat worked to get the other companies licensed, in some cases filing patent infringement lawsuits or threatening to file them. Ehrat's first licensing agreement, signed in 1983, was with Basketball Products International.

Ehrat was involved in eight civil action lawsuits, five of which took place in 1984, when he had to prove for a second time that he had his idea for a breakaway goal before Tyner. Ehrat also defended his patent against other, similar patents issued to sporting goods companies in the early 1980s. Kenneth Mahoney of Toss Back, Charles Engle of Gared Company, and the Porter Equipment Co. all received patents for basketball goal devices, citing Ehrat's patent as prior art. Ehrat was involved in lawsuits with all three companies.

In 1986, Ehrat and attorney McPherson Moore were contacted by William "Toby" Dittrich, who held two patents --United States Patent No. 4,151,989, basketball practice device and United States Patent No. 4,465,277, basketball goal structure. Dittrich was having difficulty licensing his patents to companies because of the confusion over Ehrat's and Tyner's patents. Dittrich assigned his patents to Ehrat in 1987 and they signed a joint licensing agreement to split royalties and settlement money.

In addition to his basketball goal patent, Ehrat also holds two patents for agricultural inventions: United States Patent No. 4,358,054, field-sprayer tank-vehicle having means for on-site metering and mixing of soil-treating chemicals; and United States Patent No. 4,588,127, material-spreading field vehicle having means for on-site metering and mixing of soil-treating chemicals.

Arthur Ehrat died on July 9, 2015.

content: 10 Cubic feet (26 boxes)

flag: datechar:creation era:ce normal:1865/2005 type:inclusive

flag: datechar:creation era:ce normal:1970/1990 type:bulk

content: bulk 1970-1990

content: Collection descriptions

indexedContent: Collection descriptions

content: Archival materials

content: Photographs

content: Videotapes

indexedContent: Videotapes

content: Audiovisual materials

indexedContent: Audiovisual materials

content: Interviews

indexedContent: Interviews

content: Oral history

indexedContent: Oral history

content: Legal records

indexedContent: Legal records

content: Patents

indexedContent: Patents

label: Citation

content: Arthur Ehrat Papers, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution.

label: Arrangement

content:
The collection is divided into five series.

Series 1: Background materials, 1968-2005

Subseries 1: Ehrat History, 1968-2005, 2011

Subseries 2: Photographs and Clippings, 1973-2005

Subseries 3: Oral History, 2005

Series 2: Patent records for basketball rim,1865-1984

Subseries 1: Ehrat and Dittrich Patents, 1979-1984

Subseries 2: Research and File History, 1865-1984

Subseries 3: Correspondence and Notes, 1976-1984

Subseries 4: Files from First Attorney, Ralph Staubly, 1976-1982

Series 3: Civil action and settlement records, 1984-1996

Subseries 1: Basketball Products International and Ehrat v. Mt. Vernon School District and Porter Equipment Company, 1984

Subseries 2: Porter Equipment Company v. Basketball Products International and Ehrat, 1984

Subseries 3: Gared Company v. Basketball Products International and Ehrat, 1984-1988

Subseries 4: Basketball Products International and Ehrat v. Gared Company --Pleadings, 1984

Subseries 5: Basketball Products International and Ehrat v. Toss Back, 1984

Subseries 6: Ehrat v. Gared Company and Nixdorff-Krein Industries, 1982-1989 (bulk 1987-1989)

Subseries 7: Ehrat v. Diversified Products, 1989-1994

Subseries 8: Ehrat v. Icon Health & Fitness Inc., Pro Form fitness Products, Inc. and K's Merchandise Mart, 1984-1996 (bulk 1994-1996)

Series 4: Licensing agreements, 1982-2000 (bulk 1980s-mid-1990s)

Subseries 1: Correspondence, 1980-1989

Subseries 2: Huffy, 1982-1994

Subseries 3: Basketball Products International, 1984-2000

Subseries 4: Toss Back, 1985-1988

Subseries 5: Porter, 1985-2000

Subseries 6: William Dittrich Patents, 1985-1994

Subseries 7: RDH Enterprises/Schutt, 1986-1991

Subseries 8: Industrial Machine Specialties/Bison, 1987-1999

Subseries 9: Lifetime Products, 1987-1989

Subseries 10: Medart, 1988

Subseries 11: Blazon-Flexible Flyer, 1988-1989

Subseries 12: Fisher-Price, 1988-1990

Subseries 13: Spang/Today's Kids, 1988-1990

Subseries 14: Sports and Leisure/Ideas That Sell, 1988-1990

Subseries 15: Indian Industries/Harvard Sports, 1989-2000

Subseries 16: McCullough, 1989-1993

Subseries 17: Wilson Sporting Goods, 1990

Subseries 18: Hutch Sporting Goods, 1990-1991

Subseries 19: Sure Shot, 1991-1997

Subseries 20: Aalco, 1991

Subseries 21: Bergfeld Recreation, 1991

Subseries 22: Future Pro, 1995-1997

Subseries 23: MacGregor, 1997

Subseries 24: Pro-Bound, 1997

Subseries 25: Architectural Design Products, 1997-1998

Subseries 26: Hyland Engineering, 1998

Series 5: Field spreader patents and other ideas, 1977-2003

Subseries 1: Field Spreader, 1977-2003

Subseries 2: Other Ideas, 1971-1998

Series 6: Toby Dittrich Files, 1889-1997

Subseries 1: Administrative, 1977-1991

Subseries 2: Patent Information, 1889-1989

Subseries 3: Legal/Patent Infriengement Matters, 1977-1997

Subseries 4: Marketing and Sales, 1977-1991

Subseries 5: Other Inventions and Ideas, 1978-1980

label: Processing Information

content: Processed by Tamara Salman, August 2006 and supervised by Alison Oswald, archivist. The 2014 addenda was processed by Tyler Stump (intern), 2015.

label: Rights

label: Genre/Form

content: Photographs -- 2000-2010

content: Videotapes -- 2000-2010

content: Audiovisual materials

content: Interviews -- 2000-2010

content: Oral history -- 2000-2010

content: Legal records

content: Patents -- 20th century

content:
The collection is divided into five series and consists of approximately seven cubic feet.

This collection includes correspondence and legal documents--such as patent papers, litigation files and licensing agreements--that relate to Arthur Ehrat's basketball goal, as well as materials regarding his field spreader patents and other invention ideas. The bulk of the collection is made up of attorney correspondence, patent infringement documents, and patent licensing documents. The collection also contains handwritten notes by Arthur Ehrat and his attorneys, sketches of his inventions, an oral history interview, and photographs.

Attorney McPherson Moore sent many of the legal documents and correspondence to Ehrat. These documents were assembled by the law firms for which Moore worked. The original order has been preserved.

The correspondence consists of letters from attorney McPherson Moore to Ehrat and from Moore or his associates to other attorneys regarding litigation, pending licensing agreements, and other actions. The correspondence contains handwritten notes, promotional materials for sporting goods companies, drafts of legal documents, copies of patents and other enclosures. The majority of the correspondence is copies.

Correspondence found throughout the collection is key to understanding the legal documents because it provides insight into the legal negotiations behind the settlement and licensing process, and the diligence necessary to protect a viable patent from infringement. Correspondence should be read in conjunction with litigation and licensing documents to gain a better sense of the negotiations between attorneys and how and why the legal documents were created.

Throughout this collection, reference is made to legal terms, including pleadings, production documents, discovery, patent infringement, file histories, and Bates numbers. Series 3, Civil Action and Settlement Records has numerous sets of pleadings, which are the legal documents filed in a lawsuit. These documents encompass complaints, petitions, answers, motions, declarations, and memoranda.

The discovery process is the effort of one party to a lawsuit to get information from the other party prior to a trial. This is done through depositions, requests for or production of documents, and interrogatories (written questions to the other party).6

Bates numbers --named after the Bates Automatic Numbering Machine patented in the late 1800s --are used to identify documents with a unique number. The parties to a lawsuit use these numbers to keep papers in order when they are sent to the other party during discovery. This collection contains sets of production documents stamped with Bates numbers. (See Series 3, Subseries 8: Ehrat v. Icon, Proform and K's Merchandise, 1984-1996)7

Patent infringement is "the manufacture and/or use of an invention or improvement for which someone else owns a patent issued by the government, without obtaining permission of the owner of the patent by contract, license or waiver."8

A patent file history (also called a file wrapper) is a folder maintained by the United States Patent and Trademark Office. It contains all of the correspondence and documents from a patent application.9 See Series 2, Subseries 2 for the file history of Ehrat's United States Patent No. 4,365,802.

Series 1: Background Materials, 1968-2005, 2011

This series, which is further divided into three subseries, comprises oral history interviews, early sketches of Ehrat's basketball goal, articles about slam dunking, Ehrat's breakaway rim, correspondence and notes, income and expense records (including legal expenses), photographs and facsimiles of photographs, and invoices from the components Ehrat purchased when he created prototypes. One receipt documents the heater Bob Copelin purchased for his new shed in 1975, around the time Ehrat began inventing. This was significant when Ehrat was trying to prove to the United States Patent Office that he had his idea before Frederick Tyner.

Subseries 1: Ehrat History, 1968-2005

Correspondence in this subseries includes a handwritten list of possible names for the basketball rim, one which Ehrat titled, "The Rebounder Has Been Tested." The correspondence also contains copies of letters sent to the United States Patent Office intended to prove that Ehrat's rim was unique; a letter from National Basketball Association saying that, after testing, it is going to use Kenneth Mahoney's (Toss Back) rim instead of Ehrat's; letters from basketball halls of fame; and copies of e-mail from the Smithsonian. This subseries has an original sketch of Ehrat's basketball goal with annotations. Also included is a 1 D2" VHS tape of Ehrat explaining the components he used to fashion his first breakaway rim prototypes and a news segment in which Ehrat was interviewed about his invention at the Chicago Board of Trade. The audio and video recordings contain some repetition of information.

Subseries 2: Photographs and Clippings, 1973-2005

Color photocopies of photographs depicting early rims; a birthday gathering for Ehrat's father, William Ehrat, circa 1974-1975 (used to help prove that he was working on the rim before Frederick Tyner); Ehrat giving a rim to Virden High School; Ehrat with sportscaster Dick Vitale; and a studio shot of his daughters, Rose, Jo, Sharon, Jane, and Linda.

Three photographs in this subseries show prototype rims with coil springs. Ehrat holds up one of these photographs in the video history, but he does not discuss the photographs' origin. There are no markings of any kind on the photographs.

Subseries 2 also contains field photographs taken by John Fleckner, National Museum of American History staff, in May 2005. Field photographs include: the grain elevator Ehrat managed; rim prototypes; and a donated rim hanging on the gym wall at Virden High School.

Articles in this subseries are from the Virden Recorder, The State Journal-Register, Chicago Tribune, The Wall Street Journal, and Kentucky Living. The topics covered include collapsible rims and breakaway rims; Ehrat and his invention; and the Smithsonian Institution's interest in the breakaway rim. Also included is a clipping from Farmers Elevator Co.'s meeting minutes from December 15, 1973, in which the board voted to relinquish rights to any patent or product created by Ehrat.

Subseries 3: Oral History Interview, 2005

A May, 2005, interview of Ehrat by John Fleckner at Ehrat's home in Virden, IL. Ehrat discusses his background, attorney Ralph Staubly, basketball rims he built, and a slam dunk contest that his nephew Randy Albrecht helped organize in the early 1980s at St. Louis Community College. Subseries 3 also contains Digital video disks (DVD) in which Ehrat discusses the documents he sent to the Archives Center, National Museum of American History. There is some repetition of topics discussed in the audio and video recordings.

Series 2: Patent Records for Basketball Rim, 1865-1984 (bulk 1970s-1984)

This series, divided into four subseries, contains copies of patents used as research or as prior art for Ehrat's patent application, a file history of the patent, correspondence/notes from Ehrat and his attorneys, and legal papers sent from Ehrat's first attorney, Ralph Staubly, to McPherson Moore.

Subseries 1: Ehrat and Dittrich Patents, 1979-1984

Copies of Ehrat's United States Patent No. 4,365,802, deformation-preventing swingable mount for basketball goals and William Dittrich's two patents, United States Patent No. 4,151,989, basketball practice device and United States Patent No. 4,465,277, basketball goal structure.

Subseries 2: Research and File History, 1865-1984

The complete patent file history consists of a list of actions taken (rejections, appeals, civil action filed) on the patent application for United States Patent No. 4,365,802. Pages 19-23 are copies of letters sent to United States Patent Office to establish the rim's unique qualities after the examiner's interference search found Frederick Tyner's patent (United States Patent No. 4,111, 420, Energy-absorbing basketball goal/backboard unit) and ruled Ehrat's invention was too similar.

Subseries 3: Correspondence and Notes, 1976-1984

Two sets of letters from acquaintances. The first set, 1977-1978, was sent to the United States Patent Office and provide a sense of the invention's unique quality. The second set, 1983-1984, consists of letters written by Ehrat's friends and was used in Basketball Products International and Ehrat v. Mt. Vernon School District and Porter (Series 3, Subseries 1) to establish that Ehrat had his breakaway rim idea before Frederick Tyner. A letter in the correspondence folder for this litigation, dated February 23, 1984, mentions that copies of these letters were sent to Basketball Products International. Also in this subseries is a transcript of a phone conversation between Ehrat and attorney McPherson Moore about when Ehrat had the idea for a breakaway rim and who knew about it.

Subseries 4: Files from Ehrat's First Attorney, Ralph Staubly, 1976-1982

Includes the file about Ehrat sent from Ralph Staubly to McPherson Moore when Ehrat changed legal representation in 1983. The folder contains originals, copies, and drafts of documents sent to the United States Patent Office, some with annotations. Also included is a high school basketball rulebook, 1977-1978, and the notes Ralph Staubly used to write an affidavit for Ehrat's patent application in which Ehrat swears he invented before Frederick Tyner.

Series 3: Civil Action and Settlement Records, 1984-1996

This series is divided into eight subseries. It contains full and partial sets of case pleadings, with pleadings indices, from eight court cases, attorney correspondence and notes, depositions of Ehrat and Frederick Tyner, case judgments, and signed settlements.

In 1984, Ehrat and Basketball Products International were plaintiffs or defendants together in five civil action lawsuits that involved sporting goods companies, including Porter Equipment Company, Gared Company, and Toss Back. These lawsuits and their correspondence should be consulted in conjunction with one another.

Subseries 1: Basketball Products International and Ehrat v. Mt. Vernon School District and Porter, 1984

Civil action, February 1984-June 1984: The complaint alleges patent infringement by sporting goods company Porter for manufacturing products embodying the invention, and infringement by Mt. Vernon School District (WA) for purchasing Porter basketball goals. Action dismissed June 11, 1984. This subseries contains the subpoena and deposition of Frederick Tyner regarding United States Patent No. 4,111, 420, Energy-absorbing basketball goal/backboard unit. It also contains plaintiff's exhibits, numbered 1-31, which include Tyner's notes, documents, and facsimiles of photographs related to his patented basketball goal.

Subseries 2: Porter Equipment Company v. Basketball Products International and Ehrat, 1984

Civil action, April 1984-June 1984: The complaint alleges that Ehrat's and Basketball Products International's patents are invalid and unenforceable and that Porter and Mt. Vernon School District did not infringe. Porter calls for dismissal or transfer of the case. The pleadings index for Vol. 1 has a note at the bottom that says "Start Vol. 2," but Vol. 2 is not in the collection.

Subseries 3: Gared Company v. Basketball Products International and Ehrat, 1984-1988

Civil action, March 1984-October 1984: This action is in response to letters sent by attorney McPherson Moore threatening a lawsuit if Gared Company does not cease manufacture of infringing goals. Gared Company files a complaint for declaratory judgment, calling the patent invalid and alleging unfair competition. A stipulated dismissal of complaint was signed by Moore and Ralph Kalish, Gared Company's legal counsel. Declaratory judgment is the judgment of a court which determines the rights of parties without ordering anything be done or awarding damages.

Of note in this subseries is the deposition of Ehrat regarding his involvement with Gared Company and the city of St. Louis, where the company is based. Gared Company's counsel, Ralph Kalish, asks Ehrat questions about his nephew, Randy Albrecht. Ehrat purchased 12 rims from Gared Company, on the advice of his nephew, for the purpose of building and testing his releasable basketball goals. Kalish tries to assess whether there was a profit motive and how Gared Company's goals factored into that.

Subseries 4: Basketball Products International and Ehrat v. Gared Company, 1984

Civil action, April 1984-June 1984: Complaint filed against Gared Company and Athletic Supply (which purchased Gared Company goals) for patent infringement. The case was dismissed.

Subseries 5: Basketball Products International and Ehrat v. Toss Back

Civil action, May 1984-June 1984: Complaint filed against Toss Back and the cities of Seattle and Tacoma (which purchased Toss Back basketball goals) for patent infringement. There is no evidence of a settlement or of court action. Toss Back signed a licensing agreement with Ehrat in 1985 (See Series 4, Licensing Agreements).

Subseries 6: Ehrat v. Gared Company and Nixdorff-Krein Industries, 1982-1990 (bulk 1987-1990)

Civil action, 1988-1990: Complaint filed against sports equipment company Gared and its parent company, Nixdorff-Krein Industries, for patent infringement. Request for passing case for settlement filed by Ehrat's attorney, McPherson Moore, and granted by the court. The signed settlement is in this subseries. This subseries has file histories of Gared Company patents. A file history (or file wrapper) is a folder kept at the United States Patent and Trademark Office that has all of the correspondence and documents from a patent application

Subseries 7: Ehrat v. Diversified Products, 1989-1994

Civil action, 1993: A complaint was filed against Diversified Products after a series of letters calling for the company to cease manufacture and sales of infringing basketball goals went unheeded. The parties were granted a consent judgment to settle out of court. The signed settlement is in this subseries.

Subseries 8: Ehrat v. Icon Health & Fitness Inc., Pro Form Fitness Products Inc., and K's Merchandise Mart, 1984-1996 (bulk 1994-1996)

The Icon Health & Fitness Inc. (hereinafter Icon) pleadings consist of two volumes, Vols. 2 and 3. Vol. 1 is missing. There is a draft of the first page of Ehrat's complaint against Icon in Box 9, Folder 3. A consent judgment was entered, and the parties settled out of court. The signed settlement is in this subseries.

There are two categories of production documents in this subseries, those for the plaintiff (three folders) and those for the defendant (seven folders), that have Bates numbers affixed to or printed on the bottom of the pages. Bates numbers are used to identify documents with a unique number. The parties to a lawsuit use these numbers to keep papers in order when they are sent to the other party during discovery.

The plaintiff's production documents include Bates numbers 1-205. Numbers 1-105 contain Ehrat's patent file history; numbers 107-205 are copies of Ehrat's licensing agreements through 1993.

In the defendant's production documents, one folder has Bates # I10001 and other numbered pages that are not in a particular order. Bates numbers I10068- I10882 include the file history for United States Patent No. 4,365,802, deformation-preventing swingable mount for basketball goals; correspondence among defendant's attorneys; copies of patents; and copies of licensing agreements through 1993.

Series 4: Licensing Agreements, 1982-2000 (bulk 1980s-1990s)

This series is divided into twenty-six subseries and encompasses materials pertaining to Ehrat's relationships with numerous companies that manufacture or sell sports equipment. These materials include correspondence and notes, licensing agreements and drafts of agreements, Dun and Bradstreet financial reports, catalogs, pamphlets, and other promotional materials. Ehrat and attorney McPherson Moore used the promotional materials to determine whether the companies were marketing or selling basketball goals that infringed on Ehrat's patent, then contacted the companies about licensing Ehrat's patent. With the exception of Subseries 1: Correspondence and Subseries 6: William Dittrich Patents, each subseries represents a different company.

To better understand Ehrat's relationships with these companies, researchers should consult Subseries 1: Correspondence, as well as the correspondence within specific subseries, in conjunction with licensing agreements and other documents in this series.

There are thirteen signed licensing agreements in this series, some of which bear original signatures. Ehrat's first licensee was with Basketball Products International, which signed an exclusive agreement in 1983. In November, 1984, after five civil action lawsuits in which Ehrat and Basketball Products International were either co-plaintiffs or co-defendants, the company signed a nonexclusive licensing agreement. Drafts of the agreements exist for some companies, but there is no evidence that the agreements were signed. In some cases, correspondence indicates which companies were not interested in entering into an agreement.

Ehrat's licensees include Huffy (signed May 1988); Basketball Products International, exclusive license (signed July 1983), nonexclusive license (signed November 1984); Toss Back (signed January 1985); Porter Equipment Company (signed 1985 and 1989); RDH Enterprises/Schutt (signed August 1991); Industrial Machine Specialties/Bison (signed January 1987); Lifetime Products (signed March 1989); Fisher-Price (owned by Quaker Oats, signed April 1988); Indian Industries/Harvard Sports (signed June 1991); McCullough (signed April 1990); and Sure Shot (signed March 1991).

Companies in this series without signed licensing agreements include Medart; Blazon-Flexible Flyer; Spang/Today's Kids; Sports and Leisure/Ideas That Sell; Wilson Sporting Goods; Hutch Sporting Goods; Aalco; Bergfeld Recreation; Future Pro; MacGregor; Pro-Bound; Architectural Design Products; and Hyland Engineering.

Settlements and licensing agreements that Ehrat signed with Gared Company, Diversified Products, and Icon appear only in Series 3, Civil Action and Settlement Records.

Subseries 6, William Dittrich Patents, contains correspondence and documents relating to the patent and royalty agreement Dittrich made with Ehrat in 1987. Dittrich had two basketball-related patents but had difficulty getting companies to license with him because there was confusion about his patents and those of Ehrat and Frederick Tyner. Dittrich contacted Ehrat's attorney, McPherson Moore, and they worked out an agreement. Ehrat acquired Dittrich's patents and they joined forces to attract licensing agreements and to split royalties and litigation settlements. Subseries 6 also has the transcript of a 1986 phone conference between William Dittrich and McPherson Moore regarding a possible joint agreement with Ehrat and the patent file history for United States Patent No. 4,151,989, basketball practice device. There is no file history for Dittrich's other patent, United States Patent No. 4,465,277, basketball goal structure, but there are pieces of the file history in this subseries. Subseries 6 also includes drafts and signed patent assignment papers and a signed licensing agreement between Ehrat and Dittrich, 1987.

Subseries 9, Lifetime Products, consists of itemized lists of attorney's fees from McPherson Moore for November 30, 1987, to February 28, 1989. The fees are for research, phone calls, photocopies, correspondence, and litigation documents for Ehrat v. Gared Company. The companies listed in these papers include Gared Company, Lifetime, Huffy, Fisher-Price, Sports and Leisure, Today's Kids, Toss Back, and Blazon.

Subseries 16, McCullough contains a Dunk-Kit (see Box 18), which Ehrat purchased in 1989. The Dunk-Kit is a set of springs and bolts that turn a set basketball goal into a breakaway goal. According to attorney McPherson Moore, the springs and bolts constituted an infringement of Ehrat's patent. McCullough disagreed with this assessment but eventually agreed to a monetary settlement.

Series 5: Field Spreader Patents and Other Ideas, 1977-2003

Subseries 1: Field Spreader Patents, 1977-2003

This subseries contains copies of Ehrat's two field spreader patents: United States Patent No. 4,358,054, field-sprayer tank-vehicle having means for on-site metering and mixing of soil-treating chemicals and United States Patent No. 4,588,127, material-spreading field vehicle having means for on-site metering and mixing of soil-treating chemicals. It also contains magazines, articles, and pamphlets on agricultural equipment and litigation documents between SoilTeq and Ag-Chem.

Subseries 2: Other Ideas, 1971-1998

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Ehrat came up with ideas for other inventions, but none of them were patentable. This subseries has original sketches for "electric clippers with box for holding clippings;" a beverage can with multiple containers; and an "automobile refreshment temperature control." Included in the folders are letters that outline the ideas behind the inventions and the reasons they were not patented. Also included are copies of patents that relate to Ehrat's ideas.

Series 6: Toby Dittrich Files, 1889-1997

This series, which is further divided into five subseries, contains administrative records, prior art, patent records, correspondence, litigation materials, financial records, marketing and sales materials, photographs, and newspaper clippings from William A. (Toby) Dittrich. Dittrich invented the "Dunk King" break-away basketball rim in the mid 1970s while he was a physics professor at Pacific Lutheran University in Washington State. Dittrich patented and marketed his rim with mixed success before selling the rights to his patents to Arthur Ehrat in the mid 1980s. The two agreed to market and license their products independently, and cooperatively share royalties and settlements from patent infringement cases.

label: Restrictions

content: The collection is open for research.

label: Related Materials

content: Artifacts related to this collection were donated to the Museum's Division of Music, Sports and Entertainment, now the Division of Culture and Arts.

unitid: Collection NMAH.AC.0907

unittitle: Arthur Ehrat Papers

title: Arthur Ehrat Papers


unitCode: ACAH

level: file

title: Historic American Engineering Record

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label: Collection Author

content: Society for Industrial Archeology

indexedContent: Society for Industrial Archeology

content: Starbuck, David, Dr.

indexedContent: Starbuck, David, Dr.

label: See more items in

content: Society for Industrial Archaeology Records / Series 11: Addenda / Helena Wright Desk Files

label: Date

label: Container

content: Box 80, Folder 6

label: Archival Repository

label: Type

content: Archival materials

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label: Collection Citation

content: Society for Industrial Archaeology Records, Archives Center, National Museum of American History.

label: Collection Rights

content: Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

label: Collection Restrictions

content: Collection is open for research but is stored off-site and special arrangements must be made to work with it. Contact the Archives Center for information at archivescenter@si.edu or 202-633-3270.

type: Collection

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unittitle: Historic American Engineering Record

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title: Historic American Engineering Record


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content: Engman, David

content: Simmons, David

content: Society for Industrial Archeology

content: Starbuck, David, Dr.

content: Society for Industrial Archaeology Records / Series 11: Addenda / Justin Spivey Files

content: Box 62, Folder 15

content: Archives Center, National Museum of American History

content: Archival materials

unittitle: Justin Spivey Files

unittitle: Board directories

title: Board directories


title: 15th Annual Meeting, Cleveland, Ohio

content: Engman, David

content: Simmons, David

content: Society for Industrial Archeology

content: Starbuck, David, Dr.

content: Society for Industrial Archaeology Records / Series 11: Addenda / Posters

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content: Archival materials

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unittitle: 15th Annual Meeting, Cleveland, Ohio

title: 15th Annual Meeting, Cleveland, Ohio


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title: Dargan, William

label: Collection Creator

content: Smithsonian Institution

indexedContent: Smithsonian Institution

content: National Public Radio

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content: Reagon, Bernice Johnson, 1942-2024

indexedContent: Reagon, Bernice Johnson

content: Wade in the Water Radio Series Collection / 2.4: Reference Audio Cassette Tapes of Edited Programs, 1993 / 2.2: Master Digital Audio Tapes of Interviews

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content: 1 Sound cassettes (DAT)

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content: Box 1 (DAT), Item 10

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content: Wade in the Water Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History.

content: Reproduction fees for commercial use. Copyright restrictions. Contact repository for information.

content: Collection is open for research but is stored off-site and special arrangements must be made to work with it. Unrestricted research use of reference audio cassettes only. Contact the Archives Center for information at archivescenter@si.edu or 202-633-3270.

type: Item

unittitle: Dargan, William

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content: Box 74, Folder 12

content: Archival materials

unittitle: General Files

unittitle: SIA Election

title: SIA Election


title: Sanders, Pharoah

label: Collection Interviewee

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content: Taylor, Billy

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content: Sanders, Pharaoh

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indexedContent: McFerrin, Bobby

content: Krall, Diana

indexedContent: Krall, Diana

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indexedContent: O'Connell, Helen

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content: W. Royal Stokes Collection of Music Photoprints and Interviews / Series 8: Audiovisual Materials / 8.1: Audiocassettes of Interviews

content: Box 29, Item OTC766.189

content: Archival materials

content: Audio

content: W. Royal Stokes Collection of Jazz Musicians' Photographs, circa 1970-2000, Archives Center, National Museum of American History.

content: Collection is open for research.

title: Sanders, Pharoah


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title: Evan, Christopher


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content: W. Royal Stokes Collection of Music Photoprints and Interviews

content: 1983-08 -13

content: Box 23, Item OTC766.53

content: Archival materials

content: Audio

content: Collection is open for research.

title: Kelly, Robert & Cindy


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content: Box 21, Item OTC766.17

indexedContent: Archives Center, National Museum of American History

content: Archival materials

content: Audio

content: Collection is open for research.

title: Bevman, Melissa


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indexedContent: W. Royal Stokes Collection of Music Photoprints and Interviews

content: Box 27A, Item OTC766.145

content: Archival materials

content: Audio

content: Collection is open for research.

title: Jackson, Daffy


title: Unidentified Orchestras

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content: Byron, Don

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content: Adderly, Nat, 1931-2000

content: Bailey, Benny, 1925-

content: W. Royal Stokes Collection of Music Photoprints and Interviews / Series 1: Photographs of Musicians and Ensembles / 1.3: Unidentified Musicians

content: Box 17, Folder 2

indexedContent: Archives Center, National Museum of American History

content: Archival materials

content: Collection is open for research.

title: Unidentified Orchestras


title: CG 4A Gliders: 320/4/68-320/4/74, CG 4A Gliders.

content: Nickse, Hugo

indexedContent: Nickse, Hugo

content: Johnson, Hanford

indexedContent: Johnson, Hanford

content: Comstock, Cheney and Co.

indexedContent: Comstock, Cheney and Co.

content: Pratt, Read and Company

indexedContent: Pratt, Read and Company

content: Steinway, Henry Ziegler

indexedContent: Steinway, Henry Ziegler

content: Pratt, Read Corporation Records

indexedContent: Pratt, Read Corporation Records

content: Pratt, Read Corporation Records / Series 4: Gould Aeronautical Division / 4.5: Photoprints

content: Box 68, Folder 10

content: Archival materials

indexedContent: Archival materials

content: Pratt, Read Corporation Records, 1839-1990, Archives Center, National Museum of American History.

content: Collection open for research on site by appointment. Unprotected photographs must be handled with gloves.

unittitle: Pratt, Read Corporation Records

unittitle: Gould Aeronautical Division

unittitle: Photoprints


title: Boilers and Stokers, 1923-1952

content: Nickse, Hugo

content: Johnson, Hanford

content: Comstock, Cheney and Co.

content: Pratt, Read and Company

content: Steinway, Henry Ziegler

content: Pratt, Read Corporation Records

content: Pratt, Read Corporation Records / Series 3: Pratt, Read and Company, Pratt, Read and Company, Inc., and Pratt-Read Corporation / 3.9: Machinery Records

content: Box 49, Folder 6

content: Archival materials

content: Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

unittitle: Machinery Records

unittitle: Boilers and Stokers, 1923-1952

title: Boilers and Stokers, 1923-1952


title: Site of the Gatun Lock, looking south from the lowest lock towards Lake Gatun -- Panama Canal Route

content: Vogel, Robert M.

indexedContent: Vogel, Robert M.

content: Mechanical and Civil Engineering Stereograph Cards / Series 1: Stereograph Cards / 1.36: Panama Canal

flag: datechar:creation type:inclusive

content: undated

content: Box 5

content: Archival materials

content: Photographs

indexedContent: Photographs

content: Mechanical and Civil Engineering Stereograph Cards, Archives Center, National Museum of American History.

unittitle: Stereograph Cards

unittitle: Panama Canal


title: Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Company of West Virginia

content: United Telegraph Workers.

indexedContent: United Telegraph Workers.

content: Western Union Telegraph Company

indexedContent: Western Union Telegraph Company

content: Western Union Telegraph Company Records

indexedContent: Western Union Telegraph Company Records

content: Western Union Telegraph Company Records / Series 9: Legal Records (includes agreements, contracts, deeds, leases, licenses) / 9.7: Telephone Contracts

content: Box 370, Folder 1

content: Archival materials

content: Western Union Telegraph Company Records, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

content: Collection is open for research but Series 11 and films are stored off-site. Special arrangements must be made to view some of the audiovisual materials. Contact the Archives Center for information at archivescenter@si.edu or 202-633-3270.

usage_flag: Large EAD

unittitle: Western Union Telegraph Company Records

unittitle: Telephone Contracts


title: Transcript of Record

content: United Telegraph Workers.

content: Western Union Telegraph Company

content: Western Union Telegraph Company Records

content: Western Union Telegraph Company Records / Series 11: Law Department Records / 11.2: Law Department Publications

content: Box B-59

content: Archives Center, National Museum of American History

content: Archival materials

content: Text

indexedContent: Text

label: Series Restrictions

content: This subseries is in storage off-site. Contact Archives Center for terms of access.

unittitle: Law Department Records

unittitle: Law Department Publications

unittitle: Transcript of Record

title: Transcript of Record


title: State of Texas. Supreme Court. Morrison vs. Western Union.

content: United Telegraph Workers.

content: Western Union Telegraph Company

content: Western Union Telegraph Company Records

content: Western Union Telegraph Company Records / Series 11: Law Department Records / 11.2: Law Department Publications / State of New York. Supreme Court. Reed vs. Davis. 1931

content: Box B-41

content: Archival materials

content: Text


title: Brief for the Respondent

content: United Telegraph Workers.

content: Western Union Telegraph Company

content: Western Union Telegraph Company Records

indexedContent: Western Union Telegraph Company Records / Series 11: Law Department Records / 11.2: Law Department Publications

content: Box B-42

content: Archival materials

content: Text

unittitle: Brief for the Respondent

title: Brief for the Respondent


title: Supreme Court of Arkansas. Abstract and brief for Appellant. Western Union vs. Caldwell. 1917.

content: United Telegraph Workers.

content: Western Union Telegraph Company

content: Western Union Telegraph Company Records

content: Box B-19

content: Archival materials

content: Text


title: State of New York. Court of Appeals.. Toomey vs. Western Union.

content: United Telegraph Workers.

content: Western Union Telegraph Company

content: Western Union Telegraph Company Records

content: Box B-51

content: Archival materials

content: Text


title: Volume 20: 07 November 1898-31 December 1900

content: United Telegraph Workers.

content: Western Union Telegraph Company

content: Western Union Telegraph Company Records

content: Western Union Telegraph Company Records / Series 11: Law Department Records / 11.1: Minutes of the Law Committee

content: Box 447

content: Archival materials

content: Text

unittitle: Minutes of the Law Committee


title: Ohio Bell Telephone Company

content: United Telegraph Workers.

content: Western Union Telegraph Company

content: Western Union Telegraph Company Records

indexedContent: Western Union Telegraph Company Records / Series 9: Legal Records (includes agreements, contracts, deeds, leases, licenses) / 9.7: Telephone Contracts

content: Box 371, Folder 7

content: Archival materials

unittitle: Ohio Bell Telephone Company

title: Ohio Bell Telephone Company


title: Brief for Appellant--Court of Civil Appeals

content: United Telegraph Workers.

content: Western Union Telegraph Company

content: Western Union Telegraph Company Records

content: Box B-21

content: Archival materials

content: Text


title: Brief on behalf of Western Union (11 c.)

content: United Telegraph Workers.

content: Western Union Telegraph Company

content: Western Union Telegraph Company Records

content: Box B-62

content: Archival materials

content: Text


title: Abstract of Record for Appellants, October 1930.

content: United Telegraph Workers.

content: Western Union Telegraph Company

content: Western Union Telegraph Company Records

content: Box B-41

content: Archival materials

content: Text


title: I30-I84: Indiana Bloomington and Western Railway Company to Illinois Central Railroad Company

content: United Telegraph Workers.

content: Western Union Telegraph Company

content: Western Union Telegraph Company Records

content: Western Union Telegraph Company Records / Series 10: Railroad Records / 10.5: Contracts

content: Box 398

content: Archival materials

unittitle: Railroad Records

unittitle: Contracts


title: Points and Authorities of Respondent

content: United Telegraph Workers.

content: Western Union Telegraph Company

content: Western Union Telegraph Company Records

content: Box B-20

content: Archival materials

content: Text

unittitle: Points and Authorities of Respondent

title: Points and Authorities of Respondent


title: Various circuses, black-and-white prints: domestic animals (11" x 14")

label: Collection Photographer

content: Rogala, Dawn V.

indexedContent: Rogala, Dawn V.

content: Dawn V. Rogala Circus Photographs and Papers / Series 8: Oversize

content: undated

content: Box 12, Folder 15

content: Archival materials

content: Photographs

content: Dawn V. Rogala Circus Photographs and Papers, Archives Center, National Museum of American History.

content: Reproduction restricted due to copyright or trademark. Photographer retains copyright until death.

content: Collection is open for research.

unittitle: Oversize


title: Episode 277

label: Collection Producer

content: Lodge, Arthur

indexedContent: Lodge, Arthur

content: National Association of Manufacturers

indexedContent: National Association of Manufacturers

content: Arthur Lodge Productions.

indexedContent: Arthur Lodge Productions.

content: Industry on Parade Film Collection

indexedContent: Industry on Parade Film Collection

content: Industry on Parade Film Collection / Series 1: Motion Picture Films

content: 1 Motion picture film

flag: datechar:creation era:ce normal:1956-02-04/1956-02-04 type:inclusive

content: 1956 February 4

content: Reel OF 507.277

content: Archival materials

content: Moving Images

indexedContent: Moving Images

content: Motion picture films

indexedContent: Motion picture films

content: Industry on Parade Film Collection, 1950-1959, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution.

content: Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees will be charged for reproductions.

label: Scope and Contents

content:
Pennsylvania Hydraulic fluid made safer with water base. E.F. Houghton & Co., Philadelphia, PA.

West Virginia Mining coal by machine. Eastern Gas & Fuel Assoc., Grant Town, WV.

New York Operating trains by remote control. Union Station & Signal, New Rochelle, NY.

Virginia Razor manufacturer. New York family adjusts to life in Virginia.. American Razor Co., Staunton, VA.

content: Collection is open for research but the films are stored off-site. Special arrangements must be made directly with the Archives Center staff to view episodes for which no reference copy exists. Contact the Archives Center for information at archivescenter@si.edu or 202-633-3270.

unittitle: Industry on Parade Film Collection

unittitle: Motion Picture Films

unittitle: Episode 277

title: Episode 277


title: Trade Unions

label: Series Creator

content: DeVincent, Sam, 1918-1997

indexedContent: DeVincent, Sam

content: Sam DeVincent Collection of Illustrated American Sheet Music, Series 5: Politics and Political Movements / 5.8: Ephemera

content: 6 Items

flag: datechar:creation era:ce normal:1961/1984 type:inclusive

content: Box 15 (Ephemera), Folder 20

content: Archival materials

label: Series Citation

content: The Sam DeVincent Collection of Illustrated American Sheet Music, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution

label: Series Rights

content: Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

label: Scope and Contents note

content: one "see also reference. Material on American Federation of Musicians: booklet, news clippings from the union paper.

content: Collection is open for research.

unittitle: Ephemera

unittitle: Trade Unions

title: Trade Unions


title: Environment; Wildlife/fish; underwater divers-divers and fish around legs of offshore production platform drilling rigs (A and B), undated

content: American Petroleum Institute.

indexedContent: American Petroleum Institute.

label: See more items in

content: American Petroleum Institute Photograph and Film Collection / Series 2: Modern Photographs, 1960s-1980s

label: Sponsor

content: Digitization of Series 1 though Series 4 was made possible by Andrew and Anya Shiva.

label: Container

content: Box 37, Folder 62

label: Archival Repository

content: Archival materials

indexedContent: Archival materials

content: American Petroleum Institute Photograph and Film Collection, 1860s-1990 (bulk 1955-1990), Archives Center, National Museum of American History

content: Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Reproduction permission from Archives Center: fees for commercial use.

content: Collection is open for research but is stored off-site and special arrangements must be made to work with it. Contact the Archives Center for information at archivescenter@si.edu or 202-633-3270.

unittitle: Modern Photographs, 1960s-1980s


title: Products: Plastic Items; Abstract sculpture carved from polyurethane plastic

content: American Petroleum Institute.

indexedContent: American Petroleum Institute Photograph and Film Collection / Series 2: Modern Photographs, 1960s-1980s

flag: datechar:creation era:ce type:inclusive

label: Date

content: undated

content: Box 48, Folder 20

content: Archives Center, National Museum of American History

label: Type

content: Archival materials

label: Collection Citation

label: Collection Rights

label: Collection Restrictions


title: Unsafe practices

label: Collection Creator

content: American Petroleum Institute.

content: American Petroleum Institute Photograph and Film Collection / Series 1: Historical Photographs, 1850s-1950s / 1.31: Safety, 1924

content: undated

content: Box 25, Folder 18

indexedContent: Archives Center, National Museum of American History

content: Archival materials

unittitle: Historical Photographs, 1850s-1950s

unittitle: Safety, 1924

unittitle: Unsafe practices

title: Unsafe practices


title: Tar Sands: Equipment (Draglines) close-up at Syncrude plant, Alberta, Canada (Exxon Corp.)

content: American Petroleum Institute.

content: American Petroleum Institute Photograph and Film Collection

flag: datechar:creation era:ce normal:1978/1978 type:inclusive

content: Box 56, Folder 11

content: Archival materials


title: Diagrams and Maps: Outer Continental Shelf; North Atlantic Sale 42

content: American Petroleum Institute.

indexedContent: American Petroleum Institute Photograph and Film Collection

content: undated

content: Box 34, Folder 4

content: Archival materials


title: Environment: Wildlife-birds; (egrets and herons) Lagoons of an oil company refinery

content: American Petroleum Institute.

content: undated

content: Box 37, Folder 32

content: Archival materials

unittitle: American Petroleum Institute Photograph and Film Collection


title: Watercraft: Tankers-Liquid Natural Gas Ben Franklin, 1977

content: American Petroleum Institute.

content: Box 59, Folder 25

content: Archival materials


title: Pipelines: Workers-women; Alaska-Apprentice ironworker on Trans Alaska Pipeline

content: American Petroleum Institute.

flag: datechar:creation era:ce normal:1975/1975 type:inclusive

content: Box 47, Folder 5

content: Archival materials


title: Pipelines: Alaska-construction of Trans Alaska Pipeline (stacked pipe storage); Pipe section being stacked at storage yard by crane, 1975

content: American Petroleum Institute.

content: Box 44, Folder 61

content: Archival materials


title: Pipelines: Alaska-Trans Alaska Pipeline (models); Floating terminal

content: American Petroleum Institute.

content: undated

content: Box 45, Folder 11

content: Archival materials


title: Main Street

content: American Petroleum Institute.

content: American Petroleum Institute Photograph and Film Collection / Series 1: Historical Photographs, 1850s-1950s / 1.22: Oil Towns

flag: datechar:creation era:ce normal:1919/1919 type:inclusive

content: Box 18, Folder 15

content: Archival materials

unittitle: Oil Towns

unittitle: Main Street

title: Main Street


title: Environment: Oil Spills-Coastline damage; crew cleaning up Galveston, Texas, beach after oil spill

content: American Petroleum Institute.

flag: datechar:creation era:ce normal:1979/1979 type:inclusive

content: Box 35, Folder 11

content: Archival materials


title: Watercraft: Tankers; Golden Spray deep water mooring platforms (b) color

content: American Petroleum Institute.

flag: datechar:creation era:ce normal:1977/1977 type:inclusive

content: Box 60, Folder 2

content: Archival materials


title: Watercraft: Tanker - Liquid Natural Gas - Phillips Arkansas, undated

content: American Petroleum Institute.

content: Box 59, Folder 39

content: Archival materials


title: Wells: Onshore: Colombia - drilling rig Arauca No. 2 near Saravena in Arauca Province

content: American Petroleum Institute.

flag: datechar:creation era:ce normal:1981/1981 type:inclusive

content: Box 65, Folder 65

content: Archival materials


title: Connecticut Macadam

content: American Petroleum Institute.

content: American Petroleum Institute Photograph and Film Collection / Series 1: Historical Photographs, 1850s-1950s / 1.30: Roads, 1863-1947

flag: datechar:creation era:ce normal:1914/1914 type:inclusive

content: Box 24, Folder 22

content: Archival materials

unittitle: Connecticut Macadam

title: Connecticut Macadam


title: RJR Trademarks

content: American Petroleum Institute.

content: Box 32, Folder 1

content: Archival materials

unittitle: RJR Trademarks

title: RJR Trademarks


title: Norwood-Public school building

content: American Petroleum Institute.

indexedContent: American Petroleum Institute Photograph and Film Collection / Series 1: Historical Photographs, 1850s-1950s / 1.22: Oil Towns

content: undated

content: Box 17, Folder 8

content: Archival materials

unittitle: Norwood-Public school building

title: Norwood-Public school building


title: Pleasantville-Brown Brothers General Store, undated

content: American Petroleum Institute.

content: Box 17, Folder 26

content: Archival materials


title: McClintock Oil Well

content: American Petroleum Institute.

content: American Petroleum Institute Photograph and Film Collection / Series 3: Miscellaneous Photographs, 1900s-1970s

content: undated

content: Box 69, Folder 11

content: Archival materials

unittitle: Miscellaneous Photographs, 1900s-1970s

unittitle: McClintock Oil Well

title: McClintock Oil Well


title: Yard Dog Mazurka (PS & P)

label: Collection Musician

content: Carter, Benny, 1907-2003

indexedContent: Carter, Benny

content: Benny Carter Collection

indexedContent: Benny Carter Collection

content: Benny Carter Collection / Series 1: Music Manuscripts / 1.1: Original Music

content: Box 31, Folder 3

content: Archival materials

content: Benny Carter Collection, 1928-2000, Archives Center, National Museum of American History.

content: Reproduction restricted due to copyright.

content: Collection is open for research.

unittitle: Benny Carter Collection

unittitle: Music Manuscripts

unittitle: Original Music

unittitle: Yard Dog Mazurka (PS & P)

title: Yard Dog Mazurka (PS & P)


title: 1995

content: Carter, Benny, 1907-2003

content: Benny Carter Collection

content: Benny Carter Collection / Series 2: Newspaper and Magazine Clippings / 2.2: Programs, Brochures, Advertisements

content: Box 109, Folder 2

content: Archival materials

content: Collection is open for research.

unittitle: Newspaper and Magazine Clippings

unittitle: Programs, Brochures, Advertisements


title: We're In Love (see Curry, Irma)

content: Carter, Benny, 1907-2003

content: Benny Carter Collection

indexedContent: Benny Carter Collection / Series 1: Music Manuscripts / 1.1: Original Music

content: Box 29, Folder 7

content: Archival materials

content: Collection is open for research.

unittitle: We're In Love (see Curry, Irma)

title: We're In Love (see Curry, Irma)


title: A Pretty Girl Is Like A Melody (Arr. by Hawley Ades)

content: Carter, Benny, 1907-2003

content: Benny Carter Collection

content: Benny Carter Collection / Series 1: Music Manuscripts / 1.5: Published Music

content: Box 88, Folder 2

content: Archival materials

content: Collection is open for research.

unittitle: Published Music


title: Lazy Afternoon

content: Carter, Benny, 1907-2003

content: Benny Carter Collection

content: Benny Carter Collection / Series 1: Music Manuscripts / 1.7: 2004 Music Addenda

content: Box 160, Folder 3

content: Archival materials

content: Collection is open for research.

unittitle: 2004 Music Addenda

unittitle: Lazy Afternoon

title: Lazy Afternoon


title: Love For Sale

content: Carter, Benny, 1907-2003

content: Benny Carter Collection

content: Benny Carter Collection / Series 1: Music Manuscripts / 1.3: Band Books

content: Box 77, Folder 1

content: Archival materials

content: Collection is open for research.

unittitle: Band Books

unittitle: Love For Sale

title: Love For Sale


title: 1983

content: Carter, Benny, 1907-2003

content: Benny Carter Collection

indexedContent: Benny Carter Collection / Series 2: Newspaper and Magazine Clippings / 2.2: Programs, Brochures, Advertisements

content: Box 107, Folder 24

content: Archival materials

content: Collection is open for research.


title: The Christmas Song (Arr. by Larry Clinton)

content: Carter, Benny, 1907-2003

content: Benny Carter Collection

indexedContent: Benny Carter Collection / Series 1: Music Manuscripts / 1.5: Published Music

content: Box 90, Folder 1

content: Archival materials

content: Collection is open for research.


title: On A Slow Boat to China (Arr. by Jack Matthias)

content: Carter, Benny, 1907-2003

content: Benny Carter Collection

content: Box 86, Folder 1

content: Archival materials

content: Collection is open for research.


content: Carter, Benny, 1907-2003

content: Benny Carter Collection

content: Box 87, Folder 3

content: Archival materials

content: Collection is open for research.

unittitle: On A Slow Boat to China (Arr. by Jack Matthias)


title: 1970

content: Carter, Benny, 1907-2003

content: Benny Carter Collection

content: Benny Carter Collection / Series 2: Newspaper and Magazine Clippings / 2.1: Clippings, Reviews, Profiles

content: Box 102, Folder 38

content: Archival materials

content: Collection is open for research.

unittitle: Clippings, Reviews, Profiles


title: Advertisements

content: Procter & Gamble Company

indexedContent: Procter & Gamble Company

content: Leyendecker, J. C., 1874-1951

indexedContent: Leyendecker, J. C.

content: Smith, Jessie Willcox, 1863-1935

indexedContent: Smith, Jessie Willcox

content: Elliott, Elizabeth Shippen Green

indexedContent: Elliott, Elizabeth Shippen Green

content: Ivory Soap Advertising Collection

indexedContent: Ivory Soap Advertising Collection

content: Ivory Soap Advertising Collection / Series 1: Ivory Soap Products Advertisements

content: Box 5, Folder 57

content: Archival materials

content: Ivory Soap Collection, 1883-1998, undated; Archives Center, National Museum of American History. Gift of Procter & Gamble.

content: Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

content: Collection is open for research.

unittitle: Ivory Soap Advertising Collection

unittitle: Ivory Soap Products Advertisements

unittitle: Advertisements

title: Advertisements


title: 21, Manufacturing jewelry, Providence, Rhode Island

label: Collection Donor

content: Vogt-O'Connor, Diane

indexedContent: Vogt-O'Connor, Diane

content: Diane Vogt-O'Connor Lantern Slide Collection / Series 1: Lantern Slides / 1.9: Jewelry

content: undated

content: Box 1, Item 12

content: Archival materials

content: Photographs

indexedContent: Photographs

content: Diane Vogt O'Connor Lantern Slide Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

content: The collection is open for research use.

unittitle: Lantern Slides

unittitle: Jewelry


title: Workers and activities

content: National Cotton Council

indexedContent: National Cotton Council

content: National Cotton Council of America (NCC) Photographs, Film, and Publications / Series 2: Slides and Photographs / 2.1: Slides and Photographs

content: Box 65

content: Archival materials

indexedContent: Archival materials

content: National Cotton Council of America Photographs, Film, and Publications, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution.

content:
Collection is open for research.

Gloves must be worn when handling unprotected photographs and negatives.

unittitle: Slides and Photographs

unittitle: Workers and activities

title: Workers and activities


title: 1979 You Don't Know

content: Holman, Bill, 1927-

indexedContent: Holman, Bill, 1927-

content: Kenton, Stan

indexedContent: Kenton, Stan

content: Monk, Thelonious (19171010-19820217)

content: Basie, Count, 1904-1984

indexedContent: Basie, Count

content: Herman, Woody, 1913-1987

indexedContent: Herman, Woody

content: Bill Holman Collection

indexedContent: Bill Holman Collection

content: Bill Holman Collection / Series 1: Music Manuscripts / MCRAE, CARMEN

content: Box 31, Folder 2

content: Archival materials

content: Bill Holman Collection, 1951-2000, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

content: The Archives Center does not own the reproduction rights to the music of the Bill Holman Collection.  All requests for performance or publication of Mr. Holman's compositions and/or arrangements should be directed to Bill Holman at 323-466-8809.

content: Collection is open for research.

unittitle: Bill Holman Collection

unittitle: Music Manuscripts

unittitle: MCRAE, CARMEN

unittitle: 1979 You Don't Know

title: 1979 You Don't Know


title: Statement of Professional Policy on Client Relationships

content: Landor Associates

indexedContent: Landor Associates

content: Landor, Walter, 1913-1995

indexedContent: Landor, Walter

content: Landor Design Collection

indexedContent: Landor Design Collection

content: Landor Design Collection / Series 1: Landor Associates Business Records / 1.8: Walter Landor Reading Files, 1948-1978, undated, bulk: 1970-1978

content: undated

content: Box 33, Folder 7

content: Archival materials

content: Landor Design Collection, circa 1862-2002, Archives Center, National Museum of American History.

content: Collection is open for research.

unittitle: Landor Design Collection

unittitle: Landor Associates Business Records


title: Seven Up, Incorporated

content: Landor Associates

content: Landor, Walter, 1913-1995

content: Landor Design Collection

content: Landor Design Collection / Series 1: Landor Associates Business Records / 1.16: Client Files / 1.16.1: Companies A-Z

content: Box 190, Folder 16

content: Archives Center, National Museum of American History

content: Archival materials

content: Collection is open for research.

unittitle: Client Files

unittitle: Companies A-Z

unittitle: Seven Up, Incorporated

title: Seven Up, Incorporated


title: Germany, WLA Office, general

content: Landor Associates

content: Landor, Walter, 1913-1995

content: Landor Design Collection

content: Landor Design Collection / Series 1: Landor Associates Business Records / 1.10: International Files

content: Box 37, Folder 13

indexedContent: Archives Center, National Museum of American History

content: Archival materials

content: Collection is open for research.

unittitle: International Files

unittitle: Germany, WLA Office, general

title: Germany, WLA Office, general


title: Royal Industries, California, corporate identity manual

content: Landor Associates

content: Landor, Walter, 1913-1995

content: Landor Design Collection

indexedContent: Landor Design Collection / Series 1: Landor Associates Business Records / 1.16: Client Files / 1.16.1: Companies A-Z

content: undated

content: Box 62, Folder 47

content: Archival materials

content: Collection is open for research.


title: Landor interview, Packaging Designers' Council (PDC) 1991 National Conference

content: Landor Associates

content: Landor, Walter, 1913-1995

content: Landor Design Collection

content: Landor Design Collection / Series 6: Video Cassette Tapes

label: Extent

content: 1 Videocassettes (VHS)

flag: datechar:creation era:ce normal:1991/1991 type:inclusive

content: Box 177

content: Archival materials

content: Moving Images

indexedContent: Moving Images

content: Videocassettes (vhs)

indexedContent: Videocassettes (vhs)

content: Collection is open for research.

unittitle: Video Cassette Tapes


title: Pabco Products, Incorporated----move up in alpha order

content: Landor Associates

content: Landor, Walter, 1913-1995

content: Landor Design Collection

content: Landor Design Collection / Series 1: Landor Associates Business Records / 1.18: Labels

content: undated

content: Box 193, Folder 18

content: Archival materials

content: Collection is open for research.

unittitle: Labels


title: Lillian Sader, miscellaneous materials

content: Landor Associates

content: Landor, Walter, 1913-1995

content: Landor Design Collection

content: Landor Design Collection / Series 4: Landor Archives Project / 4.1: Lillian Sader Files, 1950-1993, undated

content: undated

content: Box 165, Folder 4

content: Archival materials

content: Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

content: Collection is open for research.

unittitle: Landor Archives Project

unittitle: Lillian Sader Files, 1950-1993, undated

unittitle: Lillian Sader, miscellaneous materials

title: Lillian Sader, miscellaneous materials


title: Kitchens of Sara Lee, all butter lemon sugar cookies

content: Landor Associates

content: Landor, Walter, 1913-1995

content: Landor Design Collection

content: Landor Design Collection / Series 1: Landor Associates Business Records / 1.19: Packaging

content: undated

content: Box 183, Folder 45

content: Archival materials

content: Collection is open for research.

unittitle: Packaging


title: McCormick Works, photographs

content: Landor Associates

content: Landor, Walter, 1913-1995

content: Landor Design Collection

content: undated

content: Box 180, Folder 21

content: Archival materials

content: Collection is open for research.

unittitle: McCormick Works, photographs

title: McCormick Works, photographs


title: Tatsumi Iwate, autobiographical essay covering 1955-1985

content: Landor Associates

content: Landor, Walter, 1913-1995

content: Landor Design Collection

content: Landor Design Collection / Series 4: Landor Archives Project / 4.3: Other Associates Files, 1949-1993, undated

content: Box 164, Folder 6

content: Archival materials

content: Collection is open for research.


title: Magazine articles

content: Landor Associates

content: Landor, Walter, 1913-1995

content: Landor Design Collection

content: Landor Design Collection / Series 1: Landor Associates Business Records / 1.6: Magazine Articles, Newspaper Clippings, and Trade Journal Articles, 1926-1992, undated

content: Box 185, Folder 15

content: Archival materials

content: Collection is open for research.

unittitle: Magazine articles

title: Magazine articles


title: Virginia

label: Collection Collector

content: Mericle, Virginia

indexedContent: Mericle, Virginia

content: Virginia Mericle Menu Collection

indexedContent: Virginia Mericle Menu Collection

content: Virginia Mericle Menu Collection / Series 1: Menus / 1.1: American Menus

flag: datechar:creation era:ce normal:1975/1980 type:inclusive

content: 1975 - 1980

content: Box 31, Folder 5

content: Archival materials

content: Virginia Mericle Menu Collection, 1961-1996, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

content: Collection is open for research.

unittitle: Virginia Mericle Menu Collection

unittitle: Menus

unittitle: American Menus

unittitle: Virginia

title: Virginia


level: subseries

title: Compact Disc

content: DePasquale, Dolores

indexedContent: DePasquale, Dolores

content: Ventura, Charlie, 1916-1992

indexedContent: Ventura, Charlie

content: Charlie Ventura Collection

indexedContent: Charlie Ventura Collection

content: Flat-file 1

label: Identifier

content: NMAH.AC.1308, Subseries 2.4

content: Archival materials

content: Audio

indexedContent: Audio

content: Charlie Ventura Collection, 1939-2001, undated, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

label: Scope and Contents

content: Documents Ventura in concert with orchestra including Jackie King, vocalist; Ed Shausney, drums; Kenny O'Brian, bass; Roy Cobb, piano, composer, and arranger; Johnie Concolie, trumpet; Boots Mussulli, baritone sax; and Benny Green, trombone.  Concert rerecorded on compact disc on November 23, 2001.

content: Collection is open for research.

unitid: Collection 2.4

unittitle: Charlie Ventura Collection

unitid: Subseries 2.4

unittitle: Compact Disc

title: Compact Disc


title: Federal Trade Commission vs. Hills Bros. Coffee Company Incorporated

content: Hills Bros. Coffee, Inc.

indexedContent: Hills Bros. Coffee, Inc.

content: Hills Bros. Coffee Company, Incorporated Records / Series 9: Office Files / 9.1: General

content: 1925 January

content: Box 118, Folder 4

content: Archival materials

indexedContent: Archival materials

content: Hills Bros. Coffee Company, Incorporated Records, 1856-1989, undated, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution.

content: Collection is open for research but the negatives and audiovisual materials are stored off-site and special arrangements must be made to work with it. Contact the Archives Center for information at archivescenter@si.edu or 202-633-3270.

unittitle: Office Files

unittitle: General


title: Spot Announcements-Hills Bros.Coffee

content: Hills Bros. Coffee, Inc.

content: Hills Bros. Coffee Company, Incorporated Records / Series 13: Audiovisual Materials / 13.2: Sound Recordings / 13.2.1: Radio Commercials

content: Disk AC0395-OD0086

content: Archival materials

content: Audio

content: Introduction to the 1951 "Make Friends" advertising campaign includingthe musical theme and one minute, twenty second, and fifteen secondsample commercials.

label: Subseries Restrictions

content: Reference cassette copies are available for all of the audio recordings.

unittitle: Audiovisual Materials

unittitle: Sound Recordings

unittitle: Radio Commercials

unittitle: Spot Announcements-Hills Bros.Coffee

title: Spot Announcements-Hills Bros.Coffee


title: Airbag, patent specifications

label: Collection Inventor

content: Lemelson, Jerome H., 1923-1997

indexedContent: Lemelson, Jerome H.

label: See more items in

content: Jerome H. Lemelson Papers

indexedContent: Jerome H. Lemelson Papers

content: Jerome H. Lemelson Papers / Series 4: Subject Files

content: Box 84, Folder 20

content: Archival materials

content: Text

indexedContent: Text

content: Jerome H. Lemelson Papers, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

content:
Collection is open for research but is stored off-site and special arrangements must be made to work with it. Contact the Archives Center for information at archivescenter@si.edu or 202-633-3270.

Portions of the collection remain unprocessed. See the arrangement note for updates about processing status. Please contact the Archives Center prior to scheduling a research appointment to access the collection.

As a preservation measure, researchers must view the reference access copies of the bound invention notebooks (Volume A-Volume 112) in Series 1. The pocket notebooks and scratch pads are available for research use.

Social Security numbers are present and have been rendered unreadable and redacted. Researchers may use the photocopies in the collection.

unittitle: Jerome H. Lemelson Papers

unittitle: Subject Files

unittitle: Airbag, patent specifications

title: Airbag, patent specifications


title: Body Support and Shelter, patent specifications

content: Lemelson, Jerome H., 1923-1997

content: Jerome H. Lemelson Papers

indexedContent: Jerome H. Lemelson Papers / Series 4: Subject Files

label: Container

content: Box 88, Folder 39

content: Archives Center, National Museum of American History

content: Archival materials

content: Text

content: Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.


title: PMT and You

content: Finley, Harry, 1942-

indexedContent: Finley, Harry, 1942-

content: Museum of Menstruation Collection

indexedContent: Museum of Menstruation Collection

content: Museum of Menstruation Collection / Series 2: Booklets, Pamphlets and Other Writings

label: Sponsor

content: Digitization of this collection received Federal support from the Smithsonian American Women's History Initiative Pool, administered by the Smithsonian American Women's History Museum.

content: undated

content: Box 7, Folder 9

label: Archival Repository

content: Archival materials

content: Museum of Menstruation Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

content: Premenstrual Tension (PMT)

content: Collection is open for research. Reference copies for audio and moving images materials do not exist. Use of these materials requires special arrangement. Gloves must be worn when handling unprotected photographs and negatives.

unittitle: Museum of Menstruation Collection

unittitle: Booklets, Pamphlets and Other Writings

unittitle: PMT and You

title: PMT and You