title: Презентация на тему: British school system!

text:
British school system!
History
In the VI century church opened school for clergymen, later grammar  schools were opened. In 1880 year  education was compulsory for everybody. Since 1944, education has been available free of charge to all British children. It is compulsory for all children to go to school until the age of sixteen. For example
British school system!
Primary School
In Britain school begins at the age of five, but before that children can go to nursery school playgroup or kindergarten at the age 3-4.
In Primary School children learn to read and write and the basis of arithmetic. In the higher classes of Primary School (or in Middle School) they learn geography, history, religion and, in some schools, a foreign language. Then children go to the Secondary School
Secondary School
Exams and marks

Most pupils in British schools wear school uniform. The favorite colors for uniforms are blue, yellow, grey, black and maroon.
Bell Times
The end!
Risley has a long history of education dating back to 1583 when Sir Michael Willoughby, Lord of the Manor of Risley and his wife Catherine founded and endowed a school in the village probably in Risley Hall.
Risley
12
13
14
15
16

Secondary
school
Year 7
Year 8
Year 9
Year 10
Year11
7
8
9
10
11

Primary school
Junior school
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Year 5
Year 6
5
6
Reception class
Year 1
3 - 4
Nursery school playgroup or kindergarten
AGE
SCHOOL
CLASS
23
     University
Postgraduate
19
20
21

University or Polytechnic
First year ( fresher)
second  year
third/final year
17
18
  sixth form college
Year 12
Year 13
A*
B
A
C
D
E
School uniform


title: Презентация на тему: British school

text:
900igr.net
                         The school year in Britain starts
                          in September.
                          The lessons last 40-45 minutes.
   British pupils wear a school uniform. The favourite colors are blue, grey, black and green.
   The first foreign language they learn at school is French. Sometimes they also learn a second foreign language: German, Spanish, Russian.
   British students have Christmas holidays, Easter holidays and Summer holidays. Schools also have special half-term holidays in the middle of each term. These holidays last 2-3 days before or after a weekend.
School uniform
In most English schools forms start only at the secondary school, at the age of eleven.
So at the age of twelve British students go to the second form.
Susan is 13. She goes to Earlham Comprehensive School. This is her timetable for Wednesday.
9.00-9.45
Assembly
9.15-10.05
English
10.10-10.55
French
10.55-11.10
Break
11.10-11.55
Science
12.00-12.45
Music
12.45-1.45
Lunch
1.45-2.45
Science
2.45-3.30
Cooking Club
In British culture
In British culture schools have names, such as Manchester School, Mary Hampden School, Abbey Road

At English schools children call the male teachers Mr and the female teachers Miss/Mrs with the surname.
What about your country?
What do you know about British schools?
Mark the following statements true or false.

School day starts with assembly.
British pupils go to school on Saturday.
There are schools only for boys and only for girls in Britain.
Children of your age can go to a grammar school in England.
A school year in Britain has four terms.
The marking system in Britain is similar to that in Russia.
Science includes  chemistry, physics, biology and mathematics.


title: Презентация на тему: British Princesses

text:
Styling of princesses
Princesses of the blood royal

Under the current practice, princesses of the blood royal are the legitimate daughters and the legitimate male line granddaughters of a British Sovereign. They are dynasts, that is potential successors to the throne. For these individuals, the title "Princess of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland" and the style "Her Royal Highness" is an entitlement for life. The title Princess and the style Royal Highness is prefixed to the Christian name, before another title of honour.
Princesses by marriage are the recognized wives of the Sovereign's sons and grandsons. Generally, these women are entitled to the style Royal Highness by virtue of marriage.
Princess by marriage

Wife of a prince who has a peerage: HRH The Duchess/Countess of X, or, prior to 1917, possibly HH
Wife of a son of a Sovereign, who has no peerage: HRH The Princess Husband.
Wife of another prince who has no peerage: HRH Princess Husband of X.
Prior to 1917, the wife of a prince in the third generation, who has no peerage: HH Princess Husband of X.
Diana, Princess of Wales
The  problem for the marriage was that Diana became ever more loved by the people. When the royal pair visited a function then the crowds cheered for her, no longer for Charles. The storm of flashbulbs was only for Diana, her beauty, her clothes, her smile.
In the late 1980s, the marriage of Diana and Charles fell apart, an event at first suppressed, then sensationalised, by the world media. Both the Prince and Princess of Wales allegedly spoke to the press through friends, each blaming the other for the marriage's demise. Charles resumed his old, pre-marital affair with Camilla Parker-Bowles.
On 31 August 1997, Diana died after a car crash in the Pont de l'Alma road tunnel in Paris along with Dodi Al-Fayed and the acting security manager of the Hôtel Ritz Paris, Henri Paul, who was instructed to drive the hired Mercedes-Benz through Paris in order to elude the paparazzi.Their black 1994 Mercedes-Benz S280 crashed into the thirteenth pillar of the tunnel. The two-lane tunnel was built without metal barriers in front of the pillars. None of the four occupants wore seat belts.
The original plan was for Diana to be buried in the Spencer family vault at the local church in nearby Great Brington, but her younger brother, Charles Spencer, 9th Earl Spencer, said that he was concerned about public safety and security and the onslaught of visitors that might overwhelm Great Brington.
Memorials
Immediately after her death, many sites around the world became briefly ad hoc memorials to Diana, where the public left flowers and other tributes. The largest was outside the gates of Kensington Palace. Permanent memorials include:
The Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Gardens in Regent Centre Gardens Kirkintilloch
The Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fountain in Hyde Park, London opened by Queen Elizabeth II.
The Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Playground in Kensington Gardens, London.
The Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Walk, a circular path between Kensington Gardens, Green Park, Hyde Park and St James's Park, London
Princess by marriage
Sophia Dorothea of Hanover
1687-1757
Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach
1683-1737


title: Презентация на тему: British traditions

text:
BRITISH TRADITIONS
 Every country has its own traditions and customs.  In Britain traditions play a very important role in the life of people. The British are proud of their traditions and keep them carefully.
Englishmen's home
English meals
 They say that English people keep to their traditions even in meals.
They eat eggs and bacon with toasts for breakfast, pudding or apple pie for dessert.
 Porridge is the dish Englishmen are very fond of. Many of them eat porridge with milk and sugar for breakfast.
Tea-drinkers
 The English are tea-drinkers. They have it many times a day. Some Englishmen have tea for breakfast, tea in lunch time, tea after dinner, tea at tea-time and tea with supper. Some English families have "high tea" or big tea and no supper. The Englishmen always drink tea out of cups, never out of glasses.
Coronation Day
It marks the anniversary of the date when Elizabeth II
became queen
The queen's telegram
Changing of the Guards
Changing of the Guards is a very beautiful tradition.
Every morning tourists go to watch the ceremony at Buckingham Palace. At 11.30 the guard that stands in front of the palace change.
Pancake Day
 Pancake Day is celebrated on Shrove Tuesday in spring at the beginning of Lent. Lent is a period of 40 days before Easter. Pancake Day is traditionally a day of celebration, the last day that you can eat what you want until Easter.
 English people like domestic animals. Every family has a pet: a dog, a cat or a bird.
.
 They have also English and British traditions of sport, music and many royal occasions.
 Well, on this day in England families usually have pancakes for dinner. At schools the children and teachers have pancakes for school dinner, and in restaurants customers ask for pancakes, too.
Pancake Day is a funny custom. It is famous for an unusual race with frying pans and pancakes.


title: Презентация на тему: British school

text:
Susan is 13. She goes to Earlham Comprehensive School. This is her timetable for Wednesday.
                         The school year in Britain starts
                          in September.
                          The lessons last 40-45 minutes.
   British pupils wear a school uniform. The favourite colors are blue, grey, black and green.
   The first foreign language they learn at school is French. Sometimes they also learn a second foreign language: German, Spanish, Russian.
   British students have Christmas holidays, Easter holidays and Summer holidays. Schools also have special half-term holidays in the middle of each term. These holidays last 2-3 days before or after a weekend.
School uniform
At the age of twelve Russian students go   to the sixth form.
In most English schools forms start only at the secondary school, at the age of eleven.
So at the age of twelve British students go to the second form.
Cooking Club
2.45-3.30
Science
1.45-2.45
Lunch
12.45-1.45
Music
12.00-12.45
Science
11.10-11.55
Break
10.55-11.10
French
10.10-10.55
English
9.15-10.05
Assembly
9.00-9.45
In British culture
In British culture schools have names, such as Manchester School, Mary Hampden School, Abbey Road

What about your country?
At English schools children call the male teachers Mr and the female teachers Miss/Mrs with the surname.
What about your country?
What do you know about British schools?
Mark the following statements true or false.

School day starts with assembly.
British pupils go to school on Saturday.
There are schools only for boys and only for girls in Britain.
Children of your age can go to a grammar school in England.
A school year in Britain has four terms.
The marking system in Britain is similar to that in Russia.
Science includes  chemistry, physics, biology and mathematics.
Susan is 13. She goes to Earlham Comprehensive School. This is her timetable for Wednesday.
Susan is 13. She goes to Earlham Comprehensive School. This is her timetable for Wednesday.
Susan is 13. She goes to Earlham Comprehensive School. This is her timetable for Wednesday.
Susan is 13. She goes to Earlham Comprehensive School. This is her timetable for Wednesday.
Susan is 13. She goes to Earlham Comprehensive School. This is her timetable for Wednesday.
Susan is 13. She goes to Earlham Comprehensive School. This is her timetable for Wednesday.


title: Презентация на тему: British traditions

text:
British traditions
By

Changes in diet over the Years
Britain is an island between the North Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. For people living near the sea, fish and shellfish have always been popular food.
Away from the sea, people first ate wild animals, but then hundreds of years ago they began keeping sheep, cows and chickens on farms. Farmers have grown fruit, vegetables and cereals (for bread making) for centuries too.
During the Middle Ages (11th to 15th Century), Ships brought sugar, nuts and spices from far away. The spices were often used to hide the taste of the food which was going bad! When sailors went to foreign places they bought back more kinds of food.
When fridges and freezes were invented, people could keep food much longer.

What food was "invented" or discovered in England?
1762: The sandwich was invented in England.
There is a town named Sandwich in the south of England. John Montagu, the Earl of Sandwich invented a small meal that could be eaten with one hand while he continued his nonstop gambling.

Marmite
1902: Marmite was invented in England.
Marmite is dark brown-coloured savoury spread made from the yeast that is a by-product of the brewing industry. It has a very strong, slightly salty flavour. It is definitely a love-it-or-hate-it type of food.

hP Sauce
HP Sauce was invented in England at the end of the 19th century by Mr Garton, a Nottingham grocer. He was down on his luck and couldn't pay his bills, so when Edwin Samson Moore, owner of the Midland Vinegar Company, offered to cancel his debt with the company and pay him £150 for the recipe, plus the use of the name HP, Garton jumped at the chance.
Moore had been looking around for some time for a sauce to manufacture and market. He liked both the taste and the name of Garton's HP Sauce, which had an appropriately patriotic ring to it. The HP stood for Houses of Parliament, as it was rumoured that the sauce had been seen gracing the tables of one of the dining rooms there.

Worcestershire Sauce (Worcester Sauce)
1837 John Lea and William Perrins of Worcester, England started manufacturing Worcester Sauce (Worcestershire).
Worcester sauce was originally an Indian recipe, brought back to Britain by Lord Marcus Sandys, ex-Governor of Bengal. He asked two chemists, John Lea and William Perrins, to make up a batch of sauce from his recipe.

AFTERNOON TEA (The traditional 4 o'clock tea)
This is a small meal, not a drink. Traditionally it consists of tea (or coffee) served with either of the following:
Freshly baked scones served with cream and jam (Known as a cream tea)
Afternoon tea sandwiches - thinly sliced cucumber sandwiches with the crusts cut off.
Assorted pastries
Afternoon tea became popular about one hundred and fifty years ago, when rich ladies invited their friends to their houses for an afternoon cup of tea. They started offering their visitors sandwiches and cakes too. Soon everyone was enjoying Afternoon tea

HIGH TEA (The traditional 6 o'clock tea)
The British working population did not have Afternoon Tea. They had a meal about midday, and a meal after work, between five and seven o'clock. This meal was called 'high tea' or just 'tea'.
Traditionally eaten early evening, High tea was a substantial meal that combined delicious sweet foods, such as scones, cakes, buns or tea breads, with tempting savouries, such as cheese on toast, toasted crumpets, cold meats and pickles or poached eggs on toast. This meal is now often replaced with a supper due to people eating their main meal in the evenings rather than at midday.

tea
The traditional way of making tea is:
Boil some fresh cold water. (We use an electric kettle to boil water)
Put some hot water into the teapot to make it warm.
Pour the water away
Put one teaspoon of tea-leaves per person, and one extra tea-spoon, into the pot.
Pour boiling water onto the tea.
Leave for a few minutes.
Serve

The end!


title: Презентация на тему: British stereotypes

text:
BRITISH STEREOTYPES
Made by Holub Marharyta
TALKING   ABOUT THE WEATHER
POLITENESS
WATCHING SOAP OPERAS
DRINKING TEA
LOVE TRADITIONS
HOME SWEET HOME
DEVOTION TO ANIMALS


title: Презентация на тему: British houses

text:
 Everyone in Britain dreams of living in a detached house.
A semi-detached house is joined to another house on one side.
It is for two families.
The two parts of the house look like twins.
This is the most common house style in the UK.
It is one of several houses that are joined together.
In most towns all over England there are streets of houses joined together in long rows.
Terraced houses are often called row houses or townhouses.
A terraced house is usually two to three storey structure.
Terraced houses do not have neighbouring units above or below them.
Lots of these houses have small gardens at the back.
It is a large building that is divided into apartments (flats).
All the flats in this building share a front door.
Some people buy a flat and it belongs to them.
Other people rent a flat. They pay the rent every month to the person who owns the flat.
Only cities and very big towns have block of flats.
Nowadays only 40% of the British live in block of flats.
A semi-detached house
A detached house
A detached house
A block of flats
A terraced house
A terraced house
A terraced house
A street of terraced houses
A detached house
A terraced house


title: Презентация на тему: British Painters

text:
THOMAS LAWRENCE
Born: 13 April 1769
Bristol, England
Died: 7 January 1830
London
Marguerite Contess          The Duke of
of Blessington                    Wellington
JOHN WILLIAM WATERHOUSE
Born: 6 April 1849
Rome
Died: 10 February 1917
London
The Lady of Shalott       The Magic Circle
Circe Offering the Cup         Echo and
To Ulysses                            Narcissus
Ophelia                            Miranda and the
                                         Tempest
JOHN WILLIAM GODWARD
Born: 9 August 1861
London
Died: 13 December 1922
London (suicide)
Far Away Thoughts        Summer Flowers
The Old, Old Story       A Classical Beauty
EDWARD BURNE-JONES
Born: 28 August 1933
Birmingham, England
Died: 17 June 1898
London, England
The Angel                        The Last Sleep
                                          of Arthur in
                                          Avalon

The Beguiling                     King Cophetua
of Merlin                              and the Beggar
                                             Maid


title: Презентация на тему: BRITISH TRADITIONS


title: Презентация на тему: British traditions (Традиции Британии)


title: Презентация на тему: British traditions

text:
5klass.net
The beginning of the lesson (1 min)
The tasks of the lesson
2.Speaking about some British holidays (10 minutes)
Halloween traditions
St. Valentines Day
Valentine's Day or Saint Valentine's Day is a holiday celebrated on February 14 by many people throughout the world. In the English-speaking countries, it is the traditional day on which lovers express their love for each other by sending Valentine's cards, presenting flowers, or offering sweets. The holiday is named after Early Christian priest named Valentine.
The day is most closely associated with the mutual exchange of love notes in the form of "valentines". Modern Valentine symbols include the heart-shaped cards, doves, and the figure of the winged Cupid. Since the 19th century, handwritten notes have largely given way to mass-produced greeting cards.
Stonehenge is a mystery, and most scholars would agree with that statement.  It is situated to the west of the town of Amesbury, Wiltshire, in Southern England.
 It was first mentioned as one of the wonders of Britain only seventy years after the Norman Conquest.
No one really knows why it was built. The original purpose of the stones is unclear, but  some people say it was a temple. It has been also called an astronomical observatory for marking significant events on the prehistoric calendar. Whilst others claim that it was a sacred site for the burial of high-ranking citizens from the societies of long ago.
Working in groups
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
The answers
      1. The Ceremony of the Keys is the traditional locking-up of the Tower of London. It's happened every night without fail for at least 700 years. Every night, at exactly 21:53, the Chief Yeoman Warder of the Tower emerges from the Byward Tower wearing his long red coat and Tudor bonnet and carrying a candle lantern and the Queen's Keys.
2. The State Opening of Parliament marks the beginning of the parliamentary session. Its main purpose is for the monarch formally to open Parliament and, in the Queen's Speech, deliver an outline of the Government's proposed policies, legislation for the coming session and a review of the last session.
       The State Opening usually takes place in November or December on the first day of the new parliamentary session.
3. Tea drinking
       Anna, 7th Duchess of Bedford, is reputed to have originated the idea of afternoon tea in the early 1800s. She conceived the idea of having tea around four or five o'clock in the afternoon to ward off the hunger pangs between lunch and dinner. Some time earlier, the Earl of Sandwich had the idea of putting a filling between two slices of bread. These habits soon became a good reason for social gatherings, and started a trend that is still very much a part of British life.
4. Highland games were originally meetings of clans. They developed into more formal gatherings under the influence of the revival of interest in Scottish antiquity fostered by Scott and others in the 1810s.  In the 1820s the games included not only piping, tossing the caber, hammer-throwing, wrestling, and running, but twisting the four legs off a cow. Modern gatherings are held usually in late summer.
Presenting some of Russian holidays and traditions (5-7 min)
Maslenitsa (Shrovetide) marks  the end of winter and the beginning of spring and Lent. During this festival people make pancakes, sing and perform traditional songs and dances and visit each other. Maslenitsa and Easter are movable holidays.
Pancakes recipe: take some flour, an egg, some salt,  sugar and baking powder, add some milk, mix everything and bake the pastry. Enjoy your pancakes! Help yourselves!
How to make tea and scones
tea
1.fill the kettle with cold water
2. boil the water
3. warm the pot
4.put one teaspoon of tea for each person and one extra for the pot
5. pour hot water into the pot
6. enjoy your tea
Scones
Mix the flour and baking powder, add sugar, some milk, an egg and raisins.
Roll out the pastry to about 1 centimeter thick
Cut into rounds
Bake in a hot oven for 15-20 minutes
Enjoy your scones
Afternoon tea

Anna, 7th Duchess of Bedford, is reputed to have originated the idea of afternoon tea in the early 1800s. She conceived the idea of having tea around four or five o'clock in the afternoon to ward off the hunger pangs between lunch and dinner. Some time earlier, the Earl of Sandwich had the idea of putting a filling between two slices of bread. These habits soon became a good reason for social gatherings, and started a trend that is still very much a part of British life.
Rules from Mrs. Politeness  (fill in the missing word)
Hello!
Glad to meet you!
WELCOME!!!
A table of comparison of British and Russian traditions and holidays
In Britain
In Russia
Holidays
Traditions (customs)
Manners
Conclusion
There are many differences in cultures of Britain  and Russia. It is useful to study
traditions and manners to be an educated and cultural person.
Conclusion
SYMBOLS OF BRITAIN
1. What is the symbol of typical Englishman?
2. When was there a series of wars in England which ever called the Wars of the roses?
3. What was the emblem of Lancaster?
4. What was the emblem of York?
5. The different parts of Britain have their own emblems. They are all plants. What are they?
LANGUAGES
1. What languages are spoken in Wales?
2. What languages are spoken in Scotland?
3. What regional accents are there in the UK?
4. What is the national language in Britain?
5. What language is usually foreigners taught?

SIGHTS and TRADITIONS
1. How do British call the London Underground?
2. What are the biggest airports in the UK?
3. What monster is Scotland famous for?

- What is Stonehenge used for?
- What funny tradition is connected with the New Year?
- How do British people celebrate their 100 s birthday?


title: Презентация на тему: Buckingham Palace

text:
 Buckingham Palace
The Houses of Parliament
Westminster Abbey
Westminster Abbey is a symbol of England. The legend says that Westminster abbey was founded by St Peter himself. Westminster Abbey was built by King Edward in 1065. The coronation of all British Kings and Queens takes place in Westminster Abbey. Some famous English people are also buried here. The funeral service for Diana, Princess of Wales took place in Westminster Abbey in September 1997.
The Tower of London
London parks
Some famous London squares:
Trafalgar Square


title: Презентация на тему: British traditions and customs

text:
British traditions and customs
Why is it important not only study language, but to study culture too?
What british traditions and customs do you know?
What is the attitude of  the British to their culture and traditions?
What similarities of British and Russian cultures do you know?
Our hypothesizes
If you know English language you will understand the british without difficulties.
It is not enough to know only English you have to study culture too.
The methods of investigations
Traditions of Britain
Traditions are very important for the british
 Left-hand transportation
English breakfast is famous for it is solidity
British value home and relatives
British love animals
Sport games-golf, cricket,polo
 British value pure English Language
The most important holidays are Christmas and Easter
Russian traditions
Russians value not only official holidays but also Christmas and Easter
Russians measure life according to seasons
Russians value home and Motherland
Russian cuisine is very varied and rich
The most important differences
Russians can ask personal questions to each other, But for british it is taboo.
British people always change clothes for the dinner, Russians not.
The British can listen to the speaker attentively, but it does not mean that they understand you.
Do Russian and British cultures have similarities?
It is not enough to know only language for understanding people, it is important to know  their culture
There are some similarities in the cultures of both countries ,but there are a lot of differences .
It is important to study linguistic and cultural guides, the Internet, and visit other countries
info@angliya.info
Travel.ru
News.bbc.co.uk
kursytury.ru
Students of 7,8 th forms
British traditions and customs
Why is it important not only study language, but to study culture too?
What british traditions and customs do you know?
What is the attitude of  the British to their culture and traditions?
What similarities of British and Russian cultures do you know?
Our hypothesizes
If you know English language you will understand the british without difficulties.
It is not enough to know only English you have to study culture too.
The methods of investigations
Traditions of Britain
Traditions are very important for the british
 Left-hand transportation
English breakfast is famous for it is solidity
British value home and relatives
British love animals
Sport games-golf, cricket,polo
 British value pure English Language
The most important holidays are Christmas and Easter
Russian traditions
Russians value not only official holidays but also Christmas and Easter
Russians measure life according to seasons
Russians value home and Motherland
Russian cuisine is very varied and rich
The most important differences
Russians can ask personal questions to each other, But for british it is taboo.
British people always change clothes for the dinner, Russians not.
The British can listen to the speaker attentively, but it does not mean that they understand you.
Do Russian and British cultures have similarities?
It is not enough to know only language for understanding people, it is important to know  their culture
There are some similarities in the cultures of both countries, but there are a lot of differences.
It is important to study linguistic and cultural guides, the Internet, and visit other countries
info@angliya.info
Travel.ru
News.bbc.co.uk
kursytury.ru
Students of 7, 8th forms


title: Презентация на тему: British Academic Centre

text:
Royal English
900igr.net
www.british-centre.ru
www.british-centre.ru
www.british-centre.ru
www.british-centre.ru
www.british-centre.ru
www.british-centre.ru
www.british-centre.ru
www.british-centre.ru
www.british-centre.ru
www.british-centre.ru
www.british-centre.ru
www.british-centre.ru
www.british-centre.ru
www.british-centre.ru
www.british-centre.ru
www.british-centre.ru
www.british-centre.ru
www.british-centre.ru


title: Презентация на тему: British system of education

text:
British system of education
The work was done by Vasilev Alexander
Education in the United Kingdom is a devolved matter with each of the countries of the United Kingdom having separate systems under separate governments: the UK Government is responsible for England, and the Scottish Government, the Welsh Assembly Government and the Northern Ireland Executive are responsible for Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, respectively. While the systems in England, Wales and Northern Ireland are more similar, the Scottish system is quite different.
Full-time education is compulsory for all children aged between 5 and 16 (inclusive). Students may then continue their secondary studies for a further two years (sixth form), leading most typically to an A level qualification, although other qualifications and courses exist. The leaving age for compulsory education was raised to 18. State-provided schools are free of charge to students, and there is also a tradition of independent schooling, but parents may choose to educate their children by any suitable means.
English secondary schools are mostly comprehensive, except in a few areas that retain a form of the previous selective system, with students selected for grammar school by the eleven plus exam. There are also a number of isolated fully selective grammar schools, and a few dozen partially selective schools.
Wellington school
Compulsory secondary education lasts five years. Traditionally second-schools are divided into five years called forms (from 1 to 5). Unlike Russian schoolchildren, English pupils go to the first form only when they are 11/12 years old. In the fifth form at the age of 16 they may either leave school or continue their education in the sixth form.
Students will typically study in either the Sixth Form of a School, a Sixth form college, or a further education college. These courses can also be studied by adults over 18. This sector is referred to as Further Education. All 16-18 students are encouraged (this is only mandatory in some institutions) to study Key Skills in Communication, Application of Number and Information Technology.
Students normally enter University from 18 onwards and study for an Academic Degree. All undergraduate education outside the private University of Buckingham is largely state financed, with a small contribution from top-up fees. The state does not control syllabuses, but it does influence admission procedures. Unlike most degrees, the state still has control over teacher training courses, and uses Ofsted inspectors to maintain standards.
Approximately 7% of English schoolchildren attend privately-run independent schools, some of which are known for historical reasons as "public schools".
Education at independent schools is usually chargeable. Such schools, some of which are boarding schools cover primary and/or secondary education.
Traditionally many private schools are for girls or for boys, but a growing number now are co-educational. Some independent schools take children between age 3-11 transferring to 11-18. Traditional "public schools" such as Westminster and Eton take boys at 13 years of age. Many students must pass the Common Entrance Exam at 11 or 13 to gain entry into highly selective schools.
The End


title: Презентация на тему: Будущее простое время

text:
Future Simple Tense
Remember!
Remember!

I
We
 shall
Skate

He/She/It
 You
They
will
skate
Remember!

Compare:

?
Thank you!


title: Презентация на тему: British writers XVII-XVIII ages

text:
British writers XVII-XVIII ages
Daniel Defoe
Jonathan Swift
Joseph Addison
Oliver Goldsmith
Sir Richard Steel

Daniel Defoe
Daniel Defoe was an English trader, writer, journalist, pamphleteer, and spy, now most famous for his novel Robinson Crusoe. Defoe is notable for being one of the earliest proponents of the novel.
Daniel Foe (his original name) was probably born in Fore Street, in the parish of St. Giles Cripplegate, London.
 His father, James Foe, was a prosperous tallow chandler and a member of the Butchers' Company.
Defoe was educated at the Rev. James Fisher's boarding school in Pixham Lane in Dorking, Surrey.
In 1684, Defoe married Mary Tuffley, the daughter of a London merchant,  the marriage was most likely troubled, but it lasted 50 years and produced eight children, six of whom survived.
From 1685 through 1692 he engaged in trade in London as wholesale hosiery agent, an importer of wine and tobacco.
Daniel Foe
Arrested in 1703 for having published The Shortest Way with the Dissenters in 1702, Defoe was tried and sentenced, put before public abuse, and taken to prison.
In (1676-1745) he was a government agent.
Defoe continued to serve the government as journalist, pamphleteer, and secret agent for the remainder of his life.
At the age of fifty-nine, Defoe began a career as novelist. Within six years he produced six novels, all of which gave him his greatest fame.
Daniel Defoe died at age seventy-one on April 24, 1731, outside of London, England.
Memorial to "Daniel De-Foe",  London.

Atlantis Major (1711)
Robinson Crusoe (1719)
The Farther Adventures of Robinson Crusoe (1719)
Captain Singleton (1720)
Memoirs of a Cavalier (1720)
A Journal of the Plague Year (1722)
Moll Flanders (1722)
Roxana: The Fortunate Mistress (1724)
The Pirate Gow (1725)
Colonel Jack (1722)
The Storm (1704)
The Family Instructor (1715)
Memoirs of the Church of Scotland (1717)

Selected works of Daniel Defoe

Jonathan Swift

Jonathan Swift was born in Dublin, Ireland. He was the second child and only son of Jonathan Swift (1640-1667) and his wife Abigail Erick (or Herrick), of Frisby-on-the-Wreake
 He studied at Kilkenny Grammar School between 1674 and 1682 and at Trinity College between 1682 and 1689. He received his M.A. in 1692.
After finishing his education Jonathan Swift made numerous trips to London and became famous for his satiric essays.
After finishing his education Jonathan Swift made numerous trips to London and became famous for his satiric essays.
House in which Swift was born, 1865 illustration
Bust in St Patrick's Cathedral.
Selected  works of Jonathan Swift
Joseph Addison
He  was an English essayist, poet, playwright, and politician. He was the eldest son of The Reverend Lancelot Addison. His name is usually remembered alongside that of his long-standing friend, Richard Steele, with whom he founded The Spectator magazine.
Addison was born in Milston, Wiltshire, but soon after Joseph's birth his family moved into the Cathedral Close.
 He was educated at Lambertown University and Charterhouse School and at the Queen's College, Oxford.
 He traveled widely on the continent of Europe with a view to diplomatic employment, all the time writing and studying politics.
He returned to England at the end of 1703.
In 1708 he became MP for the rotten borough of Lostwithiel, for which he sat until 1709.
 In 1716, he married the Dowager Countess of Warwick.
He remained an MP until his death at Holland House, June 17, 1719, in his 48th year, and was buried in Westminster Abbey.
Joseph Addison: engraving after the Kneller portrait
Selected works of Joseph Addison
A Translation of Virgil's Fourth Georgick (1694)
Epilogue to Philips' The Distressed Mother (1712)
To Sir Godfrey Kneller, on his Picture of the King (1716)
Horace. Ode III, Book III in The Muses
An Essay on Virgil's Georgics  (1697)
A Letter from Italy, 1703  (pub. 1704)
The Campaign, A Poem, To His Grace the Duke of Marlborough  (1705)
 Rosamond: An Opera  (1707)
Cato: A Tragedy (1713)
The Drummer, or the Haunted House: A Comedy  (1716)

Oliver Goldsmith

Oliver Goldsmith was an Anglo-Irish writer and poet, who is best known for his novel The Vicar of Wakefield (1766), his pastoral poem The Deserted Village (1770), and his plays The Good-Natur'd Man (1768) and She Stoops to Conquer (1771, first performed in 1773). He also wrote An History of the Earth and Animated Nature.
 he was born on 29 November, 1731, or perhaps in 1730. Other sources have indicated 10 November, on any year from 1727 to 1731. 10 November  1730 is now the most commonly accepted birth date.
 He was born either in the townland of Pallas, near Ballymahon, County Longford, Ireland or at the residence of his maternal grandparents, at the Smith Hill House
In 1744 Goldsmith went up to Trinity College, Dublin.
He settled in London in 1756, where he briefly held various jobs.
Goldsmith produced a massive output as a hack writer for the publishers of London,.
Goldsmith was described by contemporaries as prone to envy, a congenial but impetuous and disorganised personality.
His premature death in 1774 may have been partly due to his own misdiagnosis of his kidney infection.
Goldsmith was buried in Temple Church. The inscription reads; "HERE LIES/OLIVER GOLDSMITH
A plaque to Oliver Goldsmith at Temple Church.
Selected works of Oliver Goldsmith
The Good Natur'd Man: A Comedy  (1768)
Epilogue to The Sister: A Comedy by Mrs. Charlotte Lennox  (1769)
Prologue to Zobeide: A Tragedy, by Joseph Cradock  (1771)
She Stoops to Conquer: or, The Mistakes of a Night: A Comedy  (1773)
The Grumbler (An Adaptation by Oliver Goldsmith
An Enquiry into the Present State of Polite Learning in Europe  (1759)
The Life of Richard Nash  (1762)
The Life of Thomas Parnell  (1770)
An History of the Earth, and Animated Nature  (1774)

 Sir Richard Steel

Sir Richard Steele was an Irish writer and politician, remembered as co-founder, with his friend Joseph Addison, of the magazine The Spectator.
Steele was born in Dublin, Ireland in March 1672 to Richard Steele, an attorney, and Elinor Symes.
Steele was largely raised by his uncle and aunt, Henry Gascoigne and Lady Katherine Mildmay.
A member of the Protestant gentry, he was educated at Charterhouse School, where he first met Addison. After starting at Christ Church in Oxford, he went on to Merton College, Oxford.
Then joined the Life Guards of the Household Cavalry. He left the army in 1705.
In 1706 Steele was appointed to a position in the household of Prince George of Denmark, consort of Anne, Queen of Great Britain.
Steele became a Whig Member of Parliament in 1713, for Stockbridge.
Steele was a member of the Kit-Kat Club.
Steele's first published work, The Christian Hero (1701), attempted to point out the differences between perceived and actual masculinity. Written while Steele served in the army, it expressed his idea of a pamphlet of moral instruction.
Sir Richard Steele by Godfrey Kneller c.1712, National Portrait Gallery, London (one of the "Kit-Cat Portraits")
The Tatler, Steele's first journal, first came out on 12 April 1709, and appeared three times a week.
Steele wrote this periodical under the pseudonym Isaac Bickerstaff.
The Tatler was closed down to avoid the complications of running a Whig publication that had come under Tory attack.[ Addison and Steele then founded The Spectator in 1711 and also the Guardian in 1713.
n 1705, Steele married a widow, Margaret Stretch, who died in the following year. At her funeral he met his second wife, Mary Scurlock, whom he nicknamed "Prue" and married in 1707.
In 1726 he suffered a paralytic stroke. His health broken, Steele died at Carmarthen, Wales, on Sept. 1, 1729.

The Sir Richard Steele, Primrose Hill
Selected works of  Sir Richard Steel
The Tender Husband; or, The Accomplished Fools. A Comedy.  (1705)
The Tender Husband; or, The Accomplished Fools. A Comedy.  (1705)
Prologue to Philips' The Distrest Mother  (1712)
Prologue to Addison's The Drummer  (1716)
The Conscious Lovers: A Comedy  (1723)
The Englishman's thanks to the Duke of Marlborough  (1712)
A Letter to Sir M. W[arton] Concerning Occasional Peers  (1713)
List of sources
http://www.timetoast.com
https://www.google.ru
http://www.thefamouspeople.com
http://engtime.ru
http://www.theguardian.com
http://www.historic-uk.com/
www.thedailystar.ne
http://e-katherine.ru/
http://www.lang.nagoya-u.ac.jp/
http://prezentacii.com/
http://www.visitbritain.com/


title: Презентация на тему: Букенгемский дворец

text:
Buckingham Palace

History of Buckingham Palace
Buckingham Palace in 1808
Victoria
Born:1819
Died:1901
Reigned:1837-1901
 The only child of Edward,
 Duke of Kent(son GeorgeIII.)
and the last member of the
Hanoverian dynasty.
-In 1840 married her first cousin
 Prince Albert.
-Gave birth to 9 chidren:
4 boys and 5girls.
-The longest reigning Brithis monarch
 for over sixty-three years.

.
GeorgeIII.
Born:1738
Died:1820
Reigned:1760-1820
-Succeed  his grandfather George II.,
following the death in 1751 of his father,
 Frederick Prince of Wales.
-In 1761 married Princess Charlotte.
-Bought Buckingham Hause (now Palace)
following his marriege to Princess Charrlotte
 of Mecklenburg-Strelitz in 1761.
Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
Born:1738
Died:1820
Married:1761
-Daughter of Charles, Duke of
 Mecklenburg-Strelitz
-Gave birth 15 children:
9 boys and 6 girls
-Most of her collection and library
was sold in 1819 for the support
of her 4 younger surviving daughter.
Buckingham palace TODAY
     Buckingham palace is of the Brithis monarch in London. Today it is the Queen´s official residence with 755 rooms. It is one of the few working royal palaces remaining in the world today. During August and September when The Queen makes her annual visit to Scotland, the Palace´s nineteen states rooms are opened to visitors. Buckingham palace is not only home of the Queen Elizabeth II. But also the London residence of her son Charles with his wife and his sons Harry and William. The Queen has other homes, too, including Windsor castle(last set Queen) and Barmoral in Scotland.
    The monarch´s thrones are localed in the scarlet and gold. Throne Room used for formal photograps. From Buckingham Palace you can easily walk other great London sights including; Hauses of Parliament, Big Ben, Piccadely Circus, St. Jame´s Palace, 10 Downing Street, The Tames, Trafalgar Square and even Hard rock Cafe.
Elizabeth II.

-Today Elizabeth II.is reigning in London
Born:1926
Reigned from:1952
-Elder daughter of
King George VI. and
 Queen Elizabeth.
-In 1947 married Prince Philip of Greece
(The Prince Philip of Edinburgh);
-The Prince Charles is the eldest
of their four children-Crowened
in Westminister Abbey on II. June 1953

In this picture are Charles
 and his simultaneous wife Camilla:

Charles´s sons are William and Harry:

Some state rooms
Drawing Rooms
The Blue and Green drawing rooms:
The Ballroom- was added by Queen Victoria
The Throne room- was used Elizabeth II., Duke of Edinburg at the Queen´s coronation in 1953
Grand Staircase
        1870                                           Today
Galery of Queens and Kings
GeorgeII.                  Frederick-                        George IV.
Prince of Wales
  King Edward VII.            King George V.                 King George VI.
       Henry VII.                      Henrietta Maria                   James II.
    Wiliam III.                            George I.                          Caroline of
    Augusta                                  Wiliam IV.                        Albert of Saxe
   Princess of
      Wales
Queen Alexandra                      Queen Mary                   Henry VII.
    Anne of Denmark                      Charles I.                           CharlesII.
               Marry                              Anne                        Elizabeth I.
So, this is Buckingham Palace
Ansbach


title: Презентация на тему: БУДЬ ЗДОРОВ

text:
Touch your ears,
Touch your nose,
Touch your head,
Touch your toes
Wash your face!
Wash your hands!
Clean your teeth!
Ex. 117p.64
Ex.119.p.65
117
drink       eat        go      help     play
119

5 «YES» =
3 «YES» =
1 «YES» =

Dr. Health

Early to bed
And early to rise,
Makes a man healthy
And wealthy and wise.
Ex.6p.38
Would You Like to Be Healthy?


title: Презентация на тему: Букингемский дворец

text:
Buckingham Palace is the symbol of London and the United Kingdom of Great Britain.

Buckinghem Palace is the official home of the Queen.
There is the Royal Standard above Buckingham Palace when the Queen is at home.
There are 1,514 doors and 760 windows in Buckingham Palace.
There are over 40,000 light bulbs in the Palace.
There are more than 350 clocks and watches in Buckingham Palace. It is one of the larges collections of clocks in the world.


title: Презентация на тему: букингемский дворец презентация


Презентация на тему: будущее на английском


Презентация на тему: Будем дружить!


Презентация на тему: Буктрейлер Катерина


title: Презентация на тему: Буковинский государственный финансово экономический университет - его история

text:
It has a long history, because it has actually founded on the    basis of a college of finance. The college was founded in 1944.
On the 19 th of March 1998 according to the law of Cabinet
of Ministers of Ukraine Bukovynian State Institute of
Finance and Economics was founded on the basis of the college.
Then it became the Bukovynian State Institute
of Finance and Economics, which has
been reorganized into the Academy.
And now near 15 years the institution is headed by the candidate of Economics, professor, renowned of the Educational system of Ukraine
V. V. Priadko.

An academy is state establishment of Ministry of finance of Ukraine and sends it educational-educate process on providing of the proper level of preparation of specialists in accordance with state standards, their maximal approaching to practical activity of financial organs, state tax administrations, treasury, control-revision managements, budgetary establishments, organs of pension fund and social security.
Nowadays the institution trains specialists of the IV level of accreditation majoring in finance.
The Academy has three buildings in the centre of the city.
An academy is advice to welcome new students, and does everything it is possible, that a level of education was high, and knowledge of students - perfect in that or other industry of economy.
In Academy more than 2000 students, 170 teachers, are counted and 10 doctors of sciences.
The students may use the information from local and global (Internet) computer networks.
An academy has a
 large library which
fully provides students
 books. Also there is
an electronic library
which uses popularity
among students, as it
is instrumental in a
rapid information
retrieval.
From year to year a library is filled up new books, magazines, newspapers. It stimulates students to the studies, because there always are answers on a question.
In an academy students must possibility take part in groups, engaged in a game on musical instruments, to sing, to dance. An academy encourages students to cultural development.


title: Презентация на тему: Британский и американский английский

text:
A language is a two-facet unit. An essential early step in the study of a language is to model it in order to see how it is structured and used. (CUP)
A basic language learner is normally focused on the structure of a language.
In our project, we focus on the second perspective, the USE.
The Roman god, Janus, with a double-faced head.
use
structure
From T. McArthur, 1987
Queen Elizabeth II (UK)
Barack Obama (USA)
Australian English
WORLD
STANDARD
ENGLISH
Australian,
New Zealand,
& South Pacific
Standard
 English
British and
Irish Standard English
American
Standard
English
Canadian
Standard
English
Caribbean
Standard
English
West. East, and Southern African
   Standard
     English
South Asian
Standard
 English
East Asian
Standard
English
Irish English
British English
American English
Indian English
Pakistani English
Ukrainian English
Kenyan English
Caribbean English
Canadian English
African English
New Zealand  English
Japanese English
Malaysian English
Expanding circle
Outer circle
Inner circle
e.g. USA,
UK,
320-380 million
e.g. India,
Singapore,
150-300 million
e.g. China,
Russia,
100-1000 million
From B.B. Kachru, 1985
Follow AmE
Follow BrE
mixed influences (Canada)
The history of the English language started with the arrival of three Germanic tribes, the Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes, who invaded Britain during the 5th century AD.
There are three stages of  the development of the English language:
Old English (450-1100 AD)
Middle English (1100-1500)
Modern English (1500-the Present)
1. The first pilgrims came on the Mayflower ship and founded New England in 1620;
2. In the 18th century there was a wave of immigrants from Northern Ireland and Scotland;
3. From 1840 to 1910 28 million immigrants came to America;
4. From 1901 to 1930  a million Mexicans came to Texas and California;
5. In 1975 immigrants  from Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos came to the U.S.;
6. The U.S. Congress approved a series of immigration laws, restricting the flow of immigrants into the country.
I am not African. African is in me, but I cannot return.

I am not Taina. Taino is in me, but there is no way back,

I am not European. Europe lives in me, but I have no home there.

I am new. History made me. My first language was Spanglish.

I was born at the crossroads
And I am whole.

Aurora Levins Morales [b. 1954], was written in 1986
Melting Pot;
Cooking Pot;
Salad Bowl;
Pizza;
Mosaic.
Description
Number
Per cent
1) White (European/Caucasian)
198,176,991
66.19%
2) Hispanic or Latino
44,252,278
14.78%
3) Black or African American
36,434,530
12.17%
4) Asian
12,945,401
4.32%
5) Two or more (mixed race)
4,397,722
1.47%
6) American Indian and Alaska Native
2,035,551
0.68%
7) Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander
387,230
0.13%
TOTAL:
299,398,485
100.00%
Statistical source: 2006 American Community Survey
The major sources of early-borrowed words in English:
Latin, French, and Scandinavian.

Modern English loans from Greek, Spanish, Portuguese, Arabic, Persian, Russian, and other languages.
American English borrowings from immigrating peoples.
African
banjo: a musical instrument with four strings, a long neck, and a body like a drum, use to play a popular music;
Dutch
coleslaw: a salad made from raw chopped cabbage;
French
prairie: a wide, treeless grassy plain;
German
hamburger: a sandwich made of a ground beef patty placed in a soft roll;
pretzel: a hard glazed and salty bread shaped like a loose knot;
Native American
moccasin: a soft leather shoe;
squash: a gourd-like vegetable grown on a vine;
Spanish
ranch: a large farm where sheep, cattle, horses are produced;
Yiddish
bagel: a hard glazed doughnut-shaped roll;
Some American English words were coined to indicate some aspects of American way:
Spelling;
Pronunciation;
Vocabulary;
Grammar.
To know more examples look up here
AmE prefers was (I wish she was here - I wish she were here);
adverbs (I'll go momentarily - I'll go in a moment, real good - really good, backward - backwards);
Parallel excuses (They live on X street - they live in X street; I'll see you over the weekend - I'll see you at the weekend; Monday through Friday - Monday to Friday inclusive). To know more look up here
http://esl.about.com/library/vocabulary/blbritam.htm;

http://esl.about.com/od/grammarlessons/a/chant18.htm;

http://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/how/how-understand-differences-between-british-and-american-english.
EVENT
CORE
TEXT. A self-contained unit of discourse: a poster, a ticket, a novel.
SIGN. A visual language used chiefly by the deaf.
GRAPHOLOGY. The writing system of a language.
PHONOLOGY. The pronunciation system of a language.
LEXICON. The vocabulary of a language.
GRAMMAR. The system of rules governing the construction of sentences.

SHORT TERM
LONG TERM

PERSONAL VARIATION of English arises out of differences in the memory, personality, intelligence, and social background of English speakers.

TEMPORAL VARIATION: long term (Old, Middle, and Elizabethan English) and short term (changes within the history of a single person).
SOCIAL VARIATION. The use of English is affected by the social classes and roles, occupations, sex, age, ethnic groups, and education of language speakers.

REGIONAL VARIATIONS imply intranational and international regional varieties.
The invading Germanic tribes spoke similar languages, which in Britain developed into Old English.
Old English did not sound or look like English today. Nevertheless, about half of the most commonly used words in Modern English have Old English roots.
Old English actively engaged with the Scandinavian languages. Latinisms appeared in the English lexicon as a result of the spread of Christianity in England. In the 8th -9th  centuries there was a transition to the Latin alphabet.
EARLY. Towards the end of Middle English, a distinct change in pronunciation started, with vowels being pronounced shorter and shorter. From the 16th century many new words and phrases entered the language. Printing brought standardization to English. Spelling and grammar became fixed, and the dialect of London became the standard. In 1604 the first English dictionary was published.
LATE. The main difference between Early Modern English and Late Modern English is vocabulary.
A language is a two-facet unit. An essential early step in the study of a language is to model it: to provide an abstract representations of its central characteristics, in order to see how it is structured and used. (CUP)
A basic language learner is normally focused on the structure of a language. In our project we focus on the second perspective, the USE.
The history of the English language really started with the arrival of three Germanic tribes who invaded Britain during the 5th century AD. These tribes, the Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes, crossed the North Sea from what today is Denmark and northern Germany.
The first Europeans who emigrated to America on the ship Mayflower in 1620, founded the New England (New England) and other first states of America.In the period from 1840 to 1910 more than 28 million immigrants came to America. In the 20 century, immigrants began arriving from different countries, bringing with it a newreligion and customs. From 1901 to 1930 more than a million Mexicans have settled on the farms of Texas and California and worked in the armaments industry. In 1975,refugees from Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos began to arrive in the United States. The U.S. Congress approved a series of immigration laws, restrict the flow of immigrantsinto the country.
http://images.yandex.ru/yandsearch?rpt=simage&img_url=ingilizdili.nevsehir.edu.tr%2Fimages%2F425px-Chaucer_knight.jpg&isize=large&text=An%20example%20of%20Middle%20English%20by%20Chaucer.&p=1

In 1066 William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy (part of modern France), invaded and conquered England. The new conquerors (called the Normans) brought with them a kind of French, which became the language of the Royal Court, and the ruling and business classes. For a period there was a kind of linguistic class division, where the lower classes spoke English and the upper classes spoke French. In the 14th century English became dominant in Britain again, but with many French words added. This language is called Middle English. It was the language of the great poet Chaucer (1340-1400), but it would still be difficult for native English speakers to understand today.

For example, the names of pets have a Germanic origin, and the names of its meat have a French origin. But the English Grammar has developed independently. The London dialect was formed in the XV century, which became the official language of the country and the basis of modern literary English. As a consequence of government repression, many Puritans were forced to move to continental Europe, as well as in North America. So, the Puritans were pioneers the United States because it is from the settlement of the Puritans in 1620 in Massachusetts actually began the British colonization of North America.
EARLY. Towards the end of Middle English, a sudden and distinct change in pronunciation started, with vowels being pronounced shorter and shorter. From the 16th century the British had contact with many peoples from around the world. This, and the Renaissance of Classical learning, meant that many new words and phrases entered the language. The invention of printing also meant that there was now a common language in print. Books became cheaper and more people learned to read. Printing also brought standardization to English. Spelling and grammar became fixed, and the dialect of London, where most publishing houses were, became the standard. In 1604 the first English dictionary was published.
LATE. The main difference between Early Modern English and Late Modern English is vocabulary. Late Modern English has many more words, arising from two principal factors: the Industrial Revolution and technology and the British Empire formation.


title: Презентация на тему: Bunndesrepublik Deutschland

text:
           Stunde 10

   Deutschland
Bundesrepublik Deutschland
Schwarz
Rot
Gold
Geographische Lage
Die Bundesrepublik Deutschland liegt in Mitteleuropa. Sie nimmt eine Fläche von 357.000km ein und hat etwa 80 Millionen Einwohner. Im Norden ist Deutschland von der Nordsee, Dänemark und der Ostsee begrenzt. Im Osten grenzt es an Polen und die Tschechische Republik. Im Süden grenzt die BRD an Osterreich und an die Schweiz, im Westen an Frankreich, Lüxemburg, Belgien und Niederlande.Im Norden umspülen Deutschland zwei Meere: die Ostsee und die Nordsee.
Staatsbau
DieBRD ist ein Bundesland Sie besteht aus 16 Bundesländern. Jedes Bundesland hat seine Hauptstadt, sein Parlament seine Regierung und seine Ministerien .Das Parlament der BRD ist der Bundestag. Er wird auf vier      Jahre gewählt. Der Bundestag wählt den Bundeskanzler, der die Regierung bildet.
BREMEN- BREMEN
BERLIN- BERLIN
BRANDENBURG- POTSDAM
BAYERN- MUNCHEN
BADEN-WURTTEMBERG-STUTTGART
HAMBURG- HAMBURG
HESSEN- WIESBADEN
MECKLENBURG-VORPOMMERN-SCHWERIN
NIEDERSACHSEN-HANNOVER
NORDRHEIN-WESTFALEN- DUSSELDORF
RHEINLAND-PFALZ- MAINZ
SAARLAND-SAARBRUCKEN
SACHSEN- DRESDEN
SACHSEN-ANHALT- MAGDEBURG
SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN-KIEL
THURINGEN-ERFURT
DIE BUNDESLANDER UND IHRE HAUPTSTADTE
DIE BUNDESLANDER UND IHRE WAPPEN
Berlin
Die Hauptstadt der BRD ist Berlin. Hier leben 3,4 Millionen Einwohner.Das ist die grösste Stadt des Landes. Berlin ist ein wichtiges olitisches, industrielles, wissenschaftliches und kulturelles Zentrum. Das ist Verkehrsnotenpunkt Deutschlands. Das Wahrzeichen Berlins ist das Brandenburger Tor. Tausende Touristen kommen nach Berlin, um seine Sehenswürdigkeiten zu  besichtigen.
Der Bär ist das Wappen der Stadt.
Landschaft und Klima
Die Landesnatur ist in Deutschland sehr vielfältig:von dem Nordwestdeutschen Tiefland im Norden bis zu dem Mittelgebirge und Hochgebirge in der Mitte und im Süden. Der höchste Berg der BRD ist die Zugspitze(2962).Der grosse Fluss ist der Rhein Mit anderen grossen Flüsse sind die Elbe, die Weser, die Donau. Der Bodensee ist der grösste Binnensee der BRD. Das Land liegt in einer Klimazone, in der es keine extreme Temperaturen gibt. Das Wetter ist wechselhaft.Im Sommer ist es nicht sehr warm, im Winter nicht sehr kalt.
Berliner Rathaus ist eine der Sehenswürdigkeiten der Stadt.
Grosse Deutsche
Deutschland ist das Land der hohen Kultur Wir kennen gut die Namen der grossen deutschen Dichter Goethe und Schiller. In allen Theater der Welt spielt man ihre Dramen und auch die Dramen von modernen Schriftstellern  und Dichtern, z .B von Bertolt Brecht, Max Frisch, Friedrich Dürrenmatt u.a. Die Namen von Röntgen und Diesel sind uns bekannt. In jeder Poliklinik gibt es Röntgenapparate. Viele Lokomotiven, Schiffe und Traktoren fahren mit Dieselmotoren. Deutsch war die Muttersprache von A. und W. von Kant und Hegel, Robert Koch, Albert Einstein, Max Planck und vieler anderer Gelehrter und Erfinder.
Wo spricht man Deutsch?
In sechs Staaten ist Deutsch die Landessprache: in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, in Liechtenstein, in österreich, in einem Teil der Schweiz, in einem Teil von Lüxemburg und von Belgien.
Für 100 Millionen Menschen ist Deutsch die Muttersprache.
Auch in einigen Gegenden unseres Landes sprechen die Menschen Deutsch.
    Die deutschsprechende Länder
Die BRD
Österreich
Luxemburg
Lichtenstein
  Die Schweiz
Danke fur die Aufmerksamkeit!


title: Презентация на тему: Business correspondence or How to make business successful

text:
          Business correspondence                         orHow to make business successful
The principal question:How does the business correspondence help to be successful in business?
             The problem questions:
How to write business letters?
What types of business letters exist nowadays?
What typical expressions are used in different types of business letters?
The hypothesis of the investigation:If you know all aspects of the business correspondence well then you will achieve a success in business.
The annotation of the project
                               Objectives: -forming the competence in the sphere of independent         knowledge activity, - the development of the habits of working in groups, - the development of the skills of analyzing, comparing and making conclusions
                                Skills development:
to acquaint pupils with the different types of business letters and the rules of writing them,
to widen vocabulary and to teach pupils to write business letters,
to promote the getting of the educational resources by the students for the successful work in the market terms
                   The themes of the pupils                    investigations:1. The styles of the business letters2. Types of the business letters3. Typical expressions for writing   different types of business letters
The stages and the dates of conducting the project
Do you want to know the secrets of the successful business?Then, join us!
References:
Learn to write well, or not to write at all.                                                                                John Dryden
                   Rasskazovo,2007


Презентация на тему: British houses


title: Презентация на тему: Буквы потерялись. Тренажёр по английскому языку

text:
a   g_ _ l
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a    _ _ e l f
s
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a   _ _ i c k
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a    f a _ _ e r
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a     f  l  _  _  e r
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a     m  _  _  _  e r
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a      t  _  _ c h e r
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W _  _ t
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to    m _ _ t    you.
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Thank you!


title: Презентация на тему: British Queen Celebrates Diamond Jubilee

text:
British Queen Celebrates Diamond Jubilee
                                                    Автор презентации:                                                Королева   Наталья Анатольевна                                                       учитель английского языка                                                                             ГБОУ СОШ №79                                                                          Санкт-Петербурга                                                                                2012г

MONARCH: What’s it like being one?
Freedom
Work
Food
Friends
Parties
Travel
Guess if  a-h  below are true (T) or false (F).
a  The queen of England is celebrating     her 60th birthday.                            T/F
b  Elizabeth became queen when      she was 25 years old.                       T/F
c  She spent the day with her family    at a big party in her palace.           T/F
d  British people will celebrate the      diamond jubilee next month.             T/F

e   There have been 12 U.S. Presidents       during the Queen’s reign.             T/F
f     She has owned 26 corgis        (her favourite breed of dog).       T/F
g   She announced she will retire as      queen at the end of 2012.              T/F
h   Her popularity went down in the      weeks after Princes Diana’s death.    T/F

Match the following synonyms from the article.
1.  monarch                            a. work
2.  ascended                           b. progress
3.  duties                                 c. started
4.  launched                            d. rose
5.  scheduled                          e. about
6.  approximately                   f. king or queen
7.  citizens                               g. decline
8.  advances                           h. people
9.  despite                               i. planned
10. downturn                          j. in spite of

PHRASE MATCH:  (Sometimes more than one choice is possible.)
1.   Queen Elizabeth II                              a. on official duties celebrated 60 years
2.  She ascended                                    b. 3.5 million letters
3. spent the day                                     c. as a monarch
4. the celebrations to mark                 d. to take place
5. celebrations are scheduled             e. reign
6. Her Royal Highness’                          f. have been made
7. he has answered                               g. to the throne approximately
8. a time                                                  h. her popularity
9. great advances that                       i. her diamond jubilee
10. a downturn in                                  j. to give
GAP FILL: Put the words into the gaps in the text.
      Britain’s Queen Elizabeth II celebrated 60 years as a  (1) ____________ on February 6th. She ascended to the (2) ____________ of the United Kingdom in 1953, when she was a 25-year-old princess. The 85-year-old queen (3) __________ the day on official duties. She toured the town of King’s Lynn in the east of England. The (4) ____________ mayor opened the celebrations to mark her diamond jubilee. Queen Elizabeth herself (5) ____________ a new website that shows how much the world has changed during her six-decade  (6) _________. Bigger celebrations are scheduled to take (7) __________ in the U.K. in the summer. There will be a 1,000-ship (8) __________ on the River Thames and a concert at Buckingham Palace.
     During Her Royal Highness’ reign, there have been 12 British prime ministers, 12 American presidents and six  (9) __________. She has also owned 60 corgis (her favourite dog). The diamond jubilee website says she has (10) __________ approximately 3.5 million letters. The queen (11) __________ her citizens that she would "(12) _________ myself anew to your service". She also said: "I hope also that this Jubilee year will be a time to give thanks for the great (13) __________ that have been made since 1952 and to look forward to the future with (14) __________ head and warm heart." The queen is still very popular with British people, (15) __________ a downturn in her (16) __________ after the death of Princess.
monarch
throne
spent
local
launched
reign
place
pageant
popes
answered
promised
dedicate
advances
clear
despite
popularity
Queen began Diamond Jubilee celebrations in King's Lynn, Norfolk, where she spent time at a primary school
Around 150 well wishers gathered in King's Lynn to wave flags and welcome the Monarch

Pupils at Dersingham Infant and Nursery School treat Queen to rendition of The Time Warp
Parade: Hundreds turned out along St John's Wood High Street in London today to watch soldiers from the King's Troop Royal Horse Artillery leave their nearby barracks for the last time before heading to Hyde Park for a 41-gun Royal Salute
Soldiers from the Honourable  Artillery Company fire blank rounds during the 62-gun Royal Salute at the Tower of London in front of Tower Bridge
Boom:
Celebrate:
The public were treated to a lavish firework display in Greenwich, London, to mark the eve of Royal celebrations.

STAMPS TO MARK THE OCCASION
The Royal Mail has also marked the Diamond Jubilee by updating the design of the 1st class stamp.
Its traditional gold background has been replaced with a blue colour scheme and the words 'Diamond Jubilee' highlighted in iridescent ink.

Queen Elizabeth herself launched a new website
Queen's Diamond Jubilee: British pop stars to perform at tribute concert
Diamond Jubilee Medal
A new commemorative medal was created to mark the 2012 celebrations of the 60th anniversary of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II’s accession to the Throne as Queen of Canada. The Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal is a tangible way for Canada to honour Her Majesty for her service to this country. At the same time, it serves to honour significant contributions and achievements by Canadians.

KINGS AND QUEENS DISCUSSION
a)  What did you think when you read the       headline?
b)  What springs to mind when you hear the      word ‘queen’?
c)   What do you know about Britain’s Queen     Elizabeth II?
d)  What would you like to know about Britain’s    Queen Elizabeth II?
e)   Do you think having a monarchy is good for    a country?

KINGS AND QUEENS DISCUSSION
f) What do you think of the Queen’s diamond jubilee?
g) Would you like a diamond jubilee?  How would you celebrate?
h) How has the world changed in the past    six   decades?
i) What do you think the queen does every day?
j) Would you like to be a monarch?

KINGS AND QUEENS DISCUSSION
k)  Did you like reading this article?
l)  Is it better for a country to have a      monarchy  or not have one?
m)  Is it better for a country to have a king       or a queen?
n)  What do you think of the Queen’s length        of service to her country?
o)  Do you think the Queen has had a great       life?

KINGS AND QUEENS DISCUSSION
p)   What advice do you have for Britain’s         Queen Elizabeth II?
q)    What kind of letters do you think the         Queen gets?
r)    Do you “look forward to the future with        clear head and warm heart”?
s)   Who do you prefer, the Queen or         Princess Diana?
t)    What questions would you like to ask        Britain’s Queen Elizabeth II?

В презентации использован сайт:www.BreakingNewsEnglish.com
а также:
http://images.yandex.ru/yandsearch?text=British%20Queen%20Celebrates%20Diamond%20Jubilee&img_url=nadinejolie.com%2Fblog%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F02%2FQueen-Elizabeth-Diamond-Jubilee-60-years.jpg&pos=0&rpt=simage
http://www.royal.gov.uk/
http://www.cigarclan.ru/component/content/article/818
http://images.yandex.ru/yandsearch?text=British%20Queen%20Celebrates%20Diamond%20Jubilee&img_url=i.dailymail.co.uk%2Fi%2Fpix%2F2011%2F01%2F12%2Farticle-1346440-0CBA012C000005DC-289_634x740.jpg&pos=23&rpt=simage
 http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2097129/Queens-Diamond-Jubilee-celebrations-begin-62-gun-salute-Accession-Day.html#ixzz1wHB2Tfn9
http://www.newfeed.ru/metressa_official
http://images.yandex.ru/yandsearch?text=Work&img_url=steadigirl.files.wordpress.com%2F2010%2F08%2Fwork1.jpg&pos=1&rpt=simage
http://www.opposingviews.com/i/4-ways-to-give-back-on-thanksgiving
http://glamurkaanime.ltalk.ru/
 http://ru.fotolia.com/id/1627006
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Clip_art
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/the_queens_diamond_jubilee/9066128/Queens-Diamond-Jubilee-British-pop-stars-to-perform-at-tribute-concert.html


title: Презентация на тему: Бронхит

text:
Государственное нормирование производства
Государственное нормирование производства лекарственных препаратов представляет собой комплекс требований, узаконенных соответствующими документами, к качеству лекарственных средств, вспомогательных материалов (веществ), технологическому процессу и готовым лекарственным препаратам

Основные направления государственного нормирования производства и контроля качества лекарственных препаратов:
установление права на фармацевтическую деятельность, т.е. ограничение круга лиц, которым разрешается изготавливать лекарственные препараты;

нормирование состава прописей лекарственных препаратов;

регламентация норм качества лекарственных
	и вспомогательных веществ, используемых для изготовления и производства лекарственных препаратов;

регламентация условий реализации производственного процесса, обеспечивающих технику безопасности, охрану труда персонала и соблюдение экологических норм производства;

нормирование технологического процесса, обеспечивающего высокое качество лекарственных препаратов

Рецепт - письменное обращение врача или фельдшера в аптеку с просьбой об изготовлении и отпуске больному лекарственного средства в определенной лекарственной форме и дозировке с указанием способа его употребления. Рецепт выписывают по специальной форме на латинском языке (сигнатура - на русском) четким почерком на форменном бланке. Исправления в рецепте не допускаются. В рецепте указываются дата, Ф. И. О. и возраст больного, Ф. И. О. врача, затем идут Recipe (Rp.) и названия веществ в родительном падеже с количеством. Существуют сокращенные и развернутые прописи

1.Рецепт, правила выписывания и отпуска лекарств
Рецепты на лекарственные средства, содержащие наркотические вещества, действительны в течение 5 дней. Рецепты на ядовитые вещества списка А, кодеин, кодеина фосфат, этилморфина гидрохлорид в смеси с другими препаратами, снотворные, нейролептики, антидепрессанты, транквилизаторы, стероиды, астматин и астматол, производные 8-оксихинолина, на препараты с этиловым спиртом действительны до 10 дней. Рецепты на все прочие лекарственные средства действительны в течение 2 месяцев.
2.Образец  структуры рецептурного бланка для прописывания лекарств амбулаторным больным — взрослым и детям — за полную стоимость
        3.Структура рецепта
         Структура рецепта (латинская часть)
          4.Правила прописывания рецепта.
1.Четко, разборчиво, без исправлений синей ручкой.
2. Правила прописывания в 6-ой части рецепта.
Recipe: (возьми) состав лекарства на латинском языке в родительном падеже.
Перенос с середины следующей строки.
Количество после названия лекарственного вещества:
твердые – в граммах (1,0; 100,0)
                    в долях грамма:
      0,1 – один дециграмм
      0,01 – один сантиграмм
      0,001 – один миллиграмм
       в единицах действия (500000 ЕД)
жидкие –в миллилитрах (1 ml, 10 ml, 200 ml)
мягкие – в граммах (10,0; 100,0)
 ana (āā) – поровну, по – ставят перед
        одинаковым   количеством
 guantum satis (g.s.) – сколько нужно

 Правила оформления рецептурного бланка при прописывании обычного и сильнодействующих веществ, ядовитых и наркотических веществ, льготных рецептов.
 Особенности прописывания наркотических веществ.
Рецептурный бланк розового цвета, учетный, имеет номер и серию.
 Прописывают только одно лекарство.
  Указывают номер истории болезни и диагноз.
  Ставят две подписи (лечащий врач и зав.отделения).
 Две печати (личная печать врача и печать лечебного учреждения).
 Действителен 5 дней.

            5.Допустимое сокращения рецепта
Фармакопея (pharmacon - лекарство, poieo - делаю) - свод стандартов и норм, определяющих качество лекарственных средств.
В Фармакопее приведены физические и химические свойства лек. веществ, указаны способы определения их тождества и доброкачественности, таблицы высших разовых и суточных доз ядовитых и сильнодействующих лек. средств для взрослых и детей, способы изготовления лек. форм, условия хранения и отпуска и т.д.
Государственная фармакопея (ГФ) имеет силу закона. Требования ГФ обязательны для все учреждений и предприятий страны, изготовляющих или применяющих лекарственные средства.
Впервые появились у арабов под названием "диспенсатории".
6.Государственная фармакопея


title: Презентация на тему: бронхиальная астма

text:
с.ж.асфендияров атындағы қазақ ұлттық медицина университеті
Тақырыбы: Денсаулық сақтауды жоспарлау

                             Орындаған: Әбуова Г.Е
                 Факультет: ҚДС
 Курс: V
     Топ: 504-1
                             Тексерген: Дәрмен Н.Ж
   Жоспары

Денсаулық сақтау жүйесін жоспарлаудың негізгі принциптері
Қазіргі кездегі стратегиялық жоспарлау
Жоспарлаудағы  негізгі нормативті құжаттар
Қазіргі кездегі жоспарлаудың  орындалу барысы
Қорытынды

Жоспарлау - экономиканы басқарудың құрамды бөлгі болып табылады. Ол мемлекеттік деңгейде (мемлекеттік жоспарлау), сала деңгейінде (салалық жоспарлау), аймақтық деңгейде (аймақтық жоспалау), жеке кәсіпорындарда, ұйымдарда және мекемелерде қолданылады. Сонымен қатар жоспарлауды үй шаруашылық, жанұялық деңгейде қолданылады. Мысалы: жанұялық бюджетті жоспарлау. Кең ұғымда жоспарлау - болашақты болжау, белгіленген үлгіні құру, жоспарланған әрекеттердің соңғы шегіне жету.
Әртүрлі іс-әрекеттерді жоспарлау - мемлекеттің, саланың, аймақтың, кәсіпорындардың және ұйымдардың алға қойылған мақсатқа жетудегі максималды мүмкіндіктерін анықтаудағы маңызды шара болып табылады. Сондықтан жоспарлар нақты мақсаттарға жетуге бағытталған. Бұл жоспар көрсеткіштерінде, оның мақсаттық өлшемдерінде. Әлеуметтік-экономикалық мәселелерді шешу дәрежесіне көрініс береді. Сонымен қатар жоспарлы көрсеткіштер жоспарлы мақсатқа жету үшін ұйымдық және экономикалық іс-әрекеттердің бағыттамасын, аралық нәтижелерді, шығындалған ресурстардың түрі мен көлемін айқындайды. Жоспарлар белгілі уақыт ішінде жасалады, бұл жоспарлы кезең деп аталады. Жоспарлардың нәтижелі корсеткіштері жоспарлы кезең деп аталады.

Жоспарлау әдістері бағдарламасы - мақсаттық және дерективті болып бөлінеді. Бағдарламаны құру кезінде бағдарламалық мақсаттарға жету үшін міндетті түрде бағытталған шаралар құрылады.
Бағдарламалық шаралар: мақсатына жету үшін кімге, неге, қашан және қалай, не істеу керек деген сұрақтарға жауап береді. Жоспарлаудың директивті әдісі кезінде басқару мүшесінен бағынушы мүшесіне немесе орындайтын объектіге тапсырма тізімдері болып табылатын жоспарлар қалыптастырылады және дерективті көрсеткіштер 3 топтан тұрады:
-   Жүмыстын көлемі мен сапасының көрсеткіші
- Тапсырманы  орындау  үшін ресурстық қамтамасыздандыру өлшемдердің көрсеткіштері
- Орындау мерзімдері
     Бағдарлама орындау уақыты бойынша бөлінеді:
- Стратегиялық (5 және көп жыл)
- Орташа мерзімдік (1 жылдан 5 жылға дейін)
- Ағымды (1 жыл)

Ағымды жоспарлау кезекті жылға денсаулық сақтаудың стратегиялық жоспарларын іске асыруға арналған шарттарды анықтайды. Ағымды бағдарламаларды іске асыру барысында стратегиялық бағдарламаны іске асырушы мониторингті бақылау орындалады, қажетіне қарай оларды түзету жасалады, осылай денсаулық сақтауда жоспарлаудың үздіксіз процесс принципі жүзеге асады.
Орта мерзімді жоспарды жасауда келесі тәсілдер қолданады:
    - жалпы тепе-теңдік тәсілі;
    - монографиялық тәсіл;
    - жоспарды үздіксіз жасау тәсілі. Жоспар төрт этап бойынша жасалады:
1)   дайындык жұмысы;
2)   бақылау цифрларын жасау;
3)   жоспардың жобасын бекітуге өткізу;
4)  жоспарды карастыру, бекіту және төменде тұрған органдарға жіберу. Орта мерзімді (5 жылға дейінгі) индикативтік жоспарлар Қазақстан Республикасы әлеуметтік – экономикалық дамуының индикативтік жоспары тұжырымдамасына сәйкес жасалады. Онда мемлекеттік экономикалық саясаттың негізгі тактикалық мақсаттары мен бағыттары және оларға жетуде мемлекеттік ықпал ету жолдары көрсетіледі. Сонымен бірге мемлекеттің, кәсіпорындардың және халықтың жоспарланған мерзімге шамамен бөлінетін ресурс мүмкіндіктері анықталады.

Орта мерзімге арналған жоспар ұзақ мерзімге арналған жоспарлардағы параметрлерді нақтылап, берілген уақыт кезеңінің мақсаты мен міндетіне жету шараларын анықтайды. Ол кең көлемдегі көрсеткіштер деңгейінде жасалып, шаруашылық салаларына (эвеноларына) бағдар мен ұсыныс ретіңде қызмет етеді.
    Орта мерзімді жоспар жасау барысында әлеуметтік-экономикалық дамудың өз кезеңіне сай, стратегиялық-тактикалық мақсат-мүддені іске асыруға бағытталған экономикалық реттеушілер жүйесі анықталады.
    Орта мерзімді жоспар мына тараулардан тұрады:
   1.Әлеуметтік-экономикалық жағдайды талдау.
   2.Экономикалық саясатың негізгі бағыттары.
   3.Әлеуметтік-экономикалық дамудың негізгі көрсеткіштері.
   4.Экономикалық реттеуіштер.

Жоспарлауға келесі ерекшеліктер тән:
1. Жоспарлау алдын ала қабылданған шешім және келешекте белгілі нәтижеге жетуге бағыттылған.
2. Әр-түрлі    жағдайларға    байланысты    жоспарға    тұракты түзетулер   енгізіледі,   сондықтан   жоспарлау   жүйесі   икемді   және өзгерістерге бейімделуі қажет.
3. Жоспарлау    процессі    қате    істерді    болдырмауға    және қолданбаған мүмкіндіктерді азайтуға бағыттылған.

Жоспарлау процесінің негізгі элементтері.
НӘТИЖЕЛЕР
АМАЛДАРЫ
РЕСУРСТАР
ЕНГІЗУ
БАҚЫЛАУ

Жоспарлау төмендегі принциптерге негізделінеді:
• ЖҮЙЕЛІЛІК;
• ЖИНАҚТЫЛЫҚ;
• ҮЙЛЕСІМДІЛІК;
• ИКЕМДІЛІК:
• РЕСУРС МҮМКҮНДІКТЕРІНІҢ ШЕКТІЛІП.
ЖҮЙЕЛІЛІК - жоспар шешімін жасау және негіздеу барысында экономиканың барлык элементтерін есепке алу қажеттігін ұйғарады.
ЖИНАҚТЫЛЫҚ - жоспар шешімін жасау және негіздеу барысында, оның іске асырғанда салдарын ескеру қажеттігін ұйғарады.
ҮЙЛЕСІМДІЛІК - жоспарланған объекттің жұмыс істеуін және дамуының нәтижелі болуына жоспар шешімін бейімдеу.
ИКЕМДІЛІК - жоспар шеші.мінің тұрақты болатын өзгерістерге бейімделуін ұйғарады.
РЕСУРС МҮМКҮНДІКТЕРІНІҢ ШЕКТІЛІГІ - колда бар ресурстарды ұтымды және нәтижелі пайдалану қажеттігін ұйғарады.

Бағдарламаны құру кезінде, әсіресе бағдарламалық мақсаттарды, болжамдық шамаларды белсенді қолдану керек.
Барлық бағдарламалар қарапайым және кешенді болып бөлінеді.
Қарапайым бағдарламаларда шараларды орындау бір жүйенің (саланың) субъектісімен іске асады, мысалы денсаулық сақтау. Кешенді бағдарламаларда бағдарламалық шаралар бірнеше жүйенің (саланың) субъектілерімен жүргізіледі, мысалы денсаулық сақтау, білім, шаруашылық және т.б.
Бағдарламалар жедел, ертеңге қалдыруға болмайтын мәселелерді шешу бағытта ресурстарды қолдану құралы болып саналады. Сондықтан бағдарламалық жоспарлаудың маңызды шарты мәселені білу, оны талдау және оның барлық жиынтығынан өзекті мәселені бөле білу болып табылады. Мұндай тапсырма әрқашан анықталған мәселені шешу үшін мемлекеттің, саланың, ұйымның ресурстарымен байланысты. Сондықтан бағдарламаны құрған кезде бір жағынан, басты және өзекті мәселелерді ғана шешу, екінші жағынан -оларды шешу үшін ресурстар болуы қажет.
       Көбіне бағдарламалар құрылады:
Бағдарламалық мәселені талдау және оны бағдарламалық түрде шешуді негіздеу
Басты мақсатты бөлумен бағдарламаның мақсаттары мен тапсырмалары, өсу мақсатын бөлу, бағдарлама құрамынан бағдарламаларды бөліп алу.
Мазмұнын, орындау   мерзімін,   белгіленген   орындаушыларды көрсетумен бағдарлама шаралары
Ресурстардың түрлі түрлерінде бағдарламаның қажеттілігі, қажетті ресурстарды алудың көзі мен әдістері. Бағдарламаларды қаржыландыру
Бағдарламаны реализациялаумен басқарудың ұйымдық формалары. Бағдарламаны орындаудың жоспар - кестесі.
Жалпы түрде бағдарламаларды, жеке бағдарламалардың және ірі шаралардың тиімділігін бағалау.
Бағдарлама көрсеткіштері.
      Жоғарыда көрсетілген типтік құрылым бағдарламаның түрі, масштабы, үзақтылығына қарай ауысуы мүмкін.
      Қандай да бір бағдарламыны өңдеу бағдарламалық мәселенің болжамдап - талдау кезеңінен, жағдайын оқудан, тенденцияларды зерттеуден басталады. Кейін, мақсаттарға, бағдарламалық шараларға, қолданылатын ресурстарға жету әдістерінің нұсқалары қарастырылады. Сонымен қатар тиімді нұсқаларды таңдау және бағдарламаның мерзімі анықталады. Бағдарламаны өңдеу циклді процесс болып табылады, бұл кезде бағдарламаның    белгіленген    мақсаттары    мен    тапсырмаларын коррекциялау, қажет ресурстар анықтау және бағдарламаны реализациялау мерзімі іске асады.

ҚР денсаулық сақтауды жоспарлау жүйесі біріңғай процесстерде құрылады және тұрғындар денсаулығын қорғау аймағында біріңғай мемлекеттік саясатты жүргізуді қамтамасыз етеді және сонымен қатар Республика субъектісіне, медициналық ұйымдарға өзінің даму ерекшеліктерін максималды қолдануға мүмкіндік береді. Денсаулық сақтауда жоспарлаудың негізгі принципі тұрғындарға жасалатын медициналық көмек көлемі мен оны орындауға қажетті ресурстар көлемі арасындағы сәйкестікті қамтамасыз ету болып табылады.
Жоспарлау әрқашан шектелген ресурстар шарттарында іске асатындығын есепке ала отырып, денсаулық сақтауда бағдарламаны құру ұйымының рационалды технологиясын анықтау мен науқастарға медициналық көмекті көрсету болып табылады.
Денсаулық сақтауда жоспарлау көрсеткіштері жалпылама түрде саланың, сонымен қатар жеке медициналық ұйымның мақсатын, тапсырмаларын, өзекті мәселелерін, қызметінің тәртібі мен шарттарын анықтайды.

Денсаулық сақтауды жоспарлаудың негізгі көрсеткіштері мемлекеттік деңгейде құрылады. Бұл көрсеткіштерге жатады:
Денсаулық сақтаудың стратегиялық мақсаттары, тапсырмалары және даму ерекшеліктері.
Республиканың субъектілеріне, аймақтық білімнің және медициналық мекемелердің шарттарына бейімделген әлеуметтік стандарттары, нормалары және нормативтері.
Денсаулық сақтауды қаржыландырудың нормативтері және денсаулық сақтаудың қаржылық даму шарттарын республиканың және аймақтық білім субъектісінде теңестіру тәртібі.
Инвестицияның тиімділігі және денсаулық сақтаудың инвистициялық жобаларының белгілері.
Айтылған көрсеткіштердің негізінде Республиканың субъектілері, аймақтық білім, медициналық ұйымдар меншікті стратегиялық бағдарламасын қалыптастырады.

Ресейдегі денсаулықты дамытудың стратегиялық жоспарлауын көрсететін негізгі құжат -  денсаулық сақтауды дамыту концепциясы мен мемлекеттікқаулы болып табылады.
Осы концепцияның мақсаты адамдардың денсаулығын жақсарту және сақтау болып   табылады, сонымен қатар аурушаңдықпен өлім көрсеткіштерін азайту арқасында қоғамның тікелей және тікелей емес қысқарту.
Стратегиялық жоспарлау - бұл бүкіл мекемелік шешімдердің негізі. Салада стратегиялық жоспарлауды бастар алдында негізгі құндылықтарға сүйену керек:
- азаматтарға денсаулық сақтаудың қолайлы болуы
- өзара қосарланған жинақты жоспарлау
- болжамға бағытталуы
- болашақтағы жоғалтуларды азайту
Барлық жақтарда қарастырылған қортындылар мен белгіленген мақсаттар негізінде жасалған стратегиялық жоспарлау мақсатын нақты бағалау, әрекеттің бағыттылығы және осы мақсаттарға жету үшін әрекеттер мен шешімдер жиынтығын анықтау болып табылады.
Стратегиялық жоспарлаудың бастапқы мақсаты денсаулық сақтау жүйесіне жаңарту енгізу мен өзгеру болып табылады.
Жоспарлаумен жеткен қортындылар арасында өзгерістер жан-жақты болғаны жөн. Өткен стратегиялық шешімдер мен басқару аппаратының перспективтік дамуына негізделген мекемелік стратегиялық алдын-ала білуі - жоспарлаудың міндетті бөлігі болып табылады. Көбіне, қаражаттардың 75% аз тиімділігі, көп ақшалы мақсаттарға құрылады, ал көп тиімді мақсаттарға бір реттегі қаражаттандырумен жақсы қортындыларға жетеміз.

     Стратегиялық жоспарлау аясында басқару қызметінің үш негізгі түрі орындалу қажет:
Приоритетті жоспарлау және ресурстарды бөлу
Жүйенің ішкі ортаға тұрақты бейімделуі
Қазіргі таңдағы ішкі координация және жүйенің қайта топтамасы. Осыған байланысты стратегиялық жоспарлаудың басынан бастап ерекше бөліп қарайтын сипаттары: масштабы, рутинсіздігі күрделілік және екі жақтылық, фундаменттілік және ұзақ уақыттылығы; өзгерістердің маңыздылығы және қоршағандарға тәуелділігі. Стратегиялық жоспарлаудың негізгі тапсырмасы ресурсты потенциалдық қолданады және тұрғындардың денсаулығының жағдайын жақсарту бойынша анықтама болу қажет. Осы бағыттамалардың ішінен маңыздысы денсаулық сақтау саласындағы құрылымдардың қайта құрылуды жүргізу мен медициналық мекемелер жүйесінің реструктациясы болып табылады. Аудандық, аймақтық деңгейде дайындалатын айналымдағы жоспарлар мен стратегияның бірін қамтамасыз ету үшін денсаулық сақтаудың басқару жүйелерінің барлық тізбегіндегі іс-әрекет шараларының координациясын дамыту қажет. Денсаулық сақтауды басқару жүйесінде стратегиялық жоспарлаудың ішінде келтірілген мақсаттарды орындау үшін, қажетті техника мен технология, мамандандырылған кадрлар бар ұйыммен қамтамасыз ету керек, олар денсаулық сақтауды дамытуға және сараптау сұрақтарымен айналысады. Сонымен қатар қандай да бір саланың негізгі субъектілерінің іс-әрекетін орындайды. Денсаулық сақтау жүйесінде стратегиялық жоспарлау мен басқаруды орындау үшін басқару құрылымының көмегімен уақытша потенциалдың болуымен қамтамасыз етеді. Стратегиялық жоспарлаудың негізгі принципі медициналық көмектің құрылымы мен көмегінің көлемі жоспарланған қаржылы ресурстарға негізделген және мемлекеттік кепіл бойынша халық арасында медициналық көмек көрсетуге негізделген.

    Мемлекеттік деңгейде Денсаулық сақтау министрлігі мен келесі тәртіп бойынша жасап шығарылады және бекітіледі:
Денсаулық сақтау дамуының стратегиялық мақсаты, стратегиялық приоритеті.
Денсаулық сақау қызметінің және тұрғындар денсаулығының жағдайының стратегиялық көрсеткіштері.
Азаматтарға ақысыз медициналық көмек көрсету кепілдігінің мемлекеттік бағдарламасы. Мемлекеттік кепілдіктің мемлекеттік нормалары, нормативтері, әлеуметтік стандарттары, әдістемелері жоспарлауда қолданылады.
Денсаулық сақтауды жоспарлаудағы қолданылатын табиғи нормалар және нормативтер, әлеуметтік стандарттар, сонымен қатар медициналық көмектің көлемінің аймақтық нормативтерін санау әдістемесі және олардың қаржылық қамтамасыз ету нормативтері.
Денсаулық сақтау аймағындағы мемлекеттік мақсаттық жоспарлар, стратегиялық мақсатқа жетуді, стратегиялық тапсырмалардың орындалуын, стратегиялық приоритеттердің бекітілуін қамтамасыз етеді.
Қорытынды
Халық денсаулығы жағдайының деңгейi өз кезегiнде, елдiң әлеуметтiк-экономикалық, мәдени және индустриялық даму шамасын айқындайды. Медициналық көмек көрсетудiң қолжетiмдiлiгiн, уақтылылығын, сапасы мен сабақтастығын қамтамасыз етуге қызмет ететiн бiрыңғай дамыған, әлеуметтiк бағдарланған жүйенi бiлдiретiн денсаулық сақтау саласы халық әл-ауқатының орнықты және тұрақты өсуi тұрғысынан алғанда республикадағы негiзгi басымдықтардың бiрi болып табылады.      Президент Н.Ә.Назарбаев «Жаңа әлемдегi жаңа Қазақстан» атты Қазақстан халқына Жолдауында елiмiздiң дамуының жаңа кезеңiндегi мемлекеттiк саясаттың бiр бағыты медициналық қызмет көрсету сапасын жақсарту және денсаулық сақтаудың жоғары технологиялық жүйесiн дамыту болуы керек деп атап көрсеттi. Медициналық қызметтердiң сапасы кешендi ұғым болып табылады және ол көптеген көлемдi себептерге байланысты, олардың iшiнде медициналық ұйымдардың материалдық-техникалық жарақталуын, клиникалық мамандардың кәсiби деңгейiн және оны арттыруға деген уәждемесiнiң болуын, медициналық көмектi ұйымдастыру мен көрсету үдерiстерiн басқарудың қазiргi заманғы технологияларын енгiзудi, медициналық көмекке ақы төлеудiң тиiмдi әдiстерiн енгiзудi бөлек атап өткен жөн. Медициналық қызметтердiң сапасын басқаруды жетiлдiру Қазақстанның денсаулық сақтау саласын 2020 жылға дейiн стратегиялық дамыту аясында маңызды орын алады.
2010 жылғы Жолдауда Президент таяу онжылдыққа нақты мiндеттер қойды. Оның iшiнде Нұрсұлтан Әбiшұлы «Саламатты өмiр салты мен адамның өз денсаулығы үшiн ынтымақты жауапкершiлiгi қағидаты - мiне, осылар денсаулық сақтау саласындағы және халықтың күнделiктi тұрмысындағы мемлекеттiк саясаттың ең басты мәселесi болуы тиiс» екендiгiн атап көрсеттi.      Жоғарыда көрсетiлгендерге сәйкес, сондай-ақ халық денсаулығының қазiргi жағдайына және Қазақстан Республикасының денсаулық сақтау жүйесiне жүргiзiлген талдау негiзiнде Қазақстан Республикасының денсаулық сақтау саласын дамытудың 2011 - 2015 жылдарға арналған «Саламатты Қазақстан» мемлекеттiк бағдарламасының стратегиялық басым бағыттары және iске асыру тетiктерi айқындалды.      Бағдарламада ведомствоаралық және сектораралық өзара iс-қимылды ескере отырып, жоспарланған iс-шараларды орындауды заңнамалық, инвестициялық, құрылымдық, экономикалық және кадрлық қамтамасыз ету жөнiндегi шаралар көзделген.

Пайдаланған әдебиеттер
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Мескон М.Х., Альберт М., Хедоури Ф. Основы менеджмента, перевод с англ. под ред. д.э.н. Евенко Л.И.- М.: Дело, 1992.- 702 с.
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title: Презентация на тему: Будущая профессия на английском

text:
What are you
going to be?
a doctor
a reporter
a model
a vet
a sportsman
a pilot
a singer
an actor
a teacher
a police officer
a farmer
a writer
WHO?
Works in a hospital and helps people?
Works in a theatre?
Works in a school?
Looks after animals?
Flies a plane?
Works on a farm?
Makes reports?
Sings and play music?
Writes books?
WELL DONE!!!
am
is
are
 What ___you going to be?

I ___ going to be an actor.

Emily ___ going to acts in plays and films.

We ___ going to be vets.

I ___ not going to be famous.
Champion!!!
Ann likes music. She is going to be…
David likes animals. He is going to be…
Sarah likes children. She is going to be…
Bob likes gardening. He is going to be…
Jack and Jane like helping people. They are going to be…
I like writing stories. I am going to be…
My friend likes sport. He is going to be…
SUPER!!!


title: Презентация на тему: Buenos Aires

text:
Buenos Aires
Architecture
Culture
Landmarks
Notable Streets
Parks
Public transport
Sports
Tango
Tourism


title: Презентация на тему: Business

text:
   Business
       A business (also known as company, enterprise, or firm) is a legally recognized organization designed to provide goods, services, or both to consumers or tertiary business in exchange for money.Businesses are predominant in capitalist economies, in which most businesses are privately owned and typically formed to earn profit that will increase the wealth of its owners. The owners and operators of private, for-profit businesses have as one of their main objectives the receipt or generation of a financial return in exchange for work and acceptance of risk. Businesses can also be formed not-for-profit or be state-owned.
Basic forms of ownership
Although forms of business ownership vary by jurisdiction, there are several common forms:
Sole proprietorship: A sole proprietorship is a business owned by one person. The owner may operate on his or her own or may employ others. The owner of the business has unlimited liability of the debts incurred by the business.
Partnership: A form of business owned by two or more people. In most forms of partnerships, each partner has unlimited liability of the debts incurred by the business. There are three typical classifications of partnerships: general partnerships, limited partnerships, and limited liability partnerships.
Corporation: A limited liability entity that has a separate legal personality from its members. Corporations can be either privately-owned or government-owned, and can be organized as either for-profit or not-for-profit. A privately-owned corporation is owned by private individuals while a public corporation is owned by multiple shareholders and is overseen by a board of directors, which hires the business's managerial staff.
Cooperative: Often referred to as a "co-op", a cooperative is a limited liability entity that can organize for-profit or not-for-profit. A for-profit cooperative differs from a for-profit corporation in that it has members, as opposed to shareholders, who share decision-making authority. Cooperatives are typically classified as either consumer cooperatives or worker cooperatives. Cooperatives are fundamental to the ideology of economic democracy.
Classifications
Agriculture and mining businesses are concerned with the production of raw material, such as plants or minerals.
Financial businesses include banks and other companies that generate profit through investment and management of capital.
Information businesses generate profits primarily from the resale of intellectual property and include movie studios, publishers and packaged software companies.
Manufacturers produce products, from raw materials or component parts, which they then sell at a profit. Companies that make physical goods, such as cars or pipes, are considered manufacturers.
Real estate businesses generate profit from the selling, renting, and development of properties, homes, and buildings.
Retailers and Distributors act as middle-men in getting goods produced by manufacturers to the intended consumer, generating a profit as a result of providing sales or distribution services. Most consumer-oriented stores and catalogue companies are distributors or retailers. See also: Franchising
Service businesses offer intangible goods or services and typically generate a profit by charging for labor or other services provided to government, other businesses, or consumers. Organizations ranging from house decorators to consulting firms, restaurants, and even entertainers are types of service businesses.
Transportation businesses deliver goods and individuals from location to location, generating a profit on the transportation costs
Utilities produce public services, such as heat, electricity, or sewage treatment, and are usually government chartered.
Management
       The efficient and effective operation of a business, and study of this subject, is called management. The main branches of management are financial management, marketing management, human resource management, strategic management, production management, operation management, service management and information technology management.
Reforming State Enterprises
      In recent decades, assets and enterprises that were run by various states have been modeled after business enterprises. In 2003, the People's Republic of China reformed 80% of its state-owned enterprises and modeled them on a company-type management system. Many state institutions and enterprises in China and Russia have been transformed into joint-stock companies, with part of their shares being listed on public stock markets.

    Thanks for attention!!!
A presentation was executed by Ishangalieva Banu (Information system)