text:
Charles John Huffam Dickens7 February 1812
Portsmouth, England
Biography
The second of eight children to John Dickens a clerk in the Navy Pay Office at Portsmouth, and his wife, Elizabeth .
When he was five, the family moved to Chatham, Kent. In 1822, when he was ten, the family relocated to 16 Bayham Street, Camden Town, in London.
the 12-year-old Dickens had begun working ten-hour days at Warren's Blacking Warehouse
First work
Although Dickens eventually attended the Wellington House Academy in North London
In May 1827, Dickens began work, in the law office of Ellis and Blackmore, as a clerk. It was a junior position, but, as an articled clerk, Dickens would eventually qualify for admission to the Bar, and it was there that he gleaned his detailed knowledge of legal processes of the period.
At the age of seventeen, he became a court stenographer and, in 1830, met his first love, Maria Beadnell. It is believed that she was the model for the character Dora in David Copperfield. Maria's parents disapproved of the courtship and effectively ended the relationship by sending her to school in Paris.
Journalism and early novels
Literary style
Last years
In 1868 his second American reading tour.
in New York, he gave 22 readings at Steinway Hall between 9 December 1867 and 20 April 1868
at Plymouth Church of the Pilgrims between 16 January and 21 January 1868.
Dickens boarded his ship to return to Britain on 23 April 1868, barely escaping a Federal Tax Lien against the proceeds of his lecture tour.
During 1869 readings continued, in England, Scotland, and Ireland, until at last he collapsed, showing symptoms of mild stroke. Dickens's final public readings took place in London in 1870.
He suffered another stroke on 8 June at Gad's Hill, after a full day's work on Edwin Drood, and five years to the day after the Staplehurst crash, on 9 June 1870, he died at his home in Gad's Hill Place.
Museums and festivals
There are museums and festivals celebrating Dickens's life and works in many of the towns with which he was associated.
The Charles Dickens Museum, in Doughty Street, Holborn is the only one of Dickens's London homes to survive. He lived there only two years but in that time wrote The Pickwick Papers, Oliver Twist, and Nicholas Nickleby. It contains a major collection of manuscripts, original furniture and memorabilia.
Charles Dickens' Birthplace Museum in Portsmouth is the house in which Dickens was born. It has been re-furnished in the likely style of 1812 and contains Dickens memorabilia.
The Dickens House Museum in Broadstairs is the house of Miss Mary Pearson Strong, the basis for Miss Betsey Trotwood in David Copperfield. It is visible across the bay from the original Bleak House (also a museum until 2005) where David Copperfield was written. The museum contains memorabilia, general Victoriana and some of Dickens's letters. Broadstairs has held a Dickens Festival annually since 1937.
The Charles Dickens Centre in Eastgate House, Rochester, closed in 2004, but the garden containing the author's Swiss chalet is still open.
Dickens Festival
Dickens Festival in Rochester, Kent. Summer Dickens is held at the end of May or in the first few days of June, it commences with an invitation only ball on the Thursday and then continues with street entertainment, and many costumed characters, on the Friday, Saturday and Sunday.
Christmas Dickens is the first weekend in December- Saturday and Sunday only. The Riverside Dickens Festival in Riverside, California, includes literary studies as well as entertainments


title: Презентация на тему: Charity

text:
4
4
4
4
What Are These Celebrations For?
shelomes
nyede
ddiblsae
nrinsgu hesom
ropnhas
Ellony
proo
leyderl
te ceak oarf
homeless
disabled
Nursing homes
orphans
lonely
poor
elderly
To take care of
needy
A)A HOMELESS PERSON

B)AN ORPHAN

C) A NURSING HOME

D)TO RAISE MONEY

E) TO MAKE DONATIONS

F) TO PROVIDE  SHELTER

G)AN ELDERLY PERSON

H)A LONELY PERSON
1) TO GIVE MONEY FOR HELPING PEOPLE.
2) A PERSON WHO HAS NO PARENTS.
3) A PERSON WHO HAS NO FRIENDS OR RELATIVES CLOSE TO HIM.
4) TO ASK OTHER PEOPLE TO GIVE THEIR MONEY FOR CHARITY.
5) TO GIVE PEOPLE A PLACE FOR SLEEPIN
6) A PERSON WHO HAS NO HOUSE, FLAT OR ANOTHER PLACE OF LIVING.
7) A PERSON AGING FROM APPROXEMATELY 60 YEARS.
8) A PLACE WHERE OLD PEOPLE COME OR ARE SENT TO LIVE IF THEY HAVE NO RELATIVES WHO CAN  TAKE CARE OF THEM.
A)A HOMELESS PERSON

B)AN ORPHAN

C) A NURSING HOME

D)TO RAISE MONEY

E) TO MAKE DONATIONS

F) TO PROVIDE  SHELTER

G)AN ELDERLY PERSON

H)A LONELY PERSON
1) A PERSON WHO HAS NO HOUSE, FLAT OR ANOTHER PLACE OF LIVING.
2) TO GIVE MONEY FOR HELPING PEOPLE.
3) A PLACE WHERE OLD PEOPLE COME OR ARE SENT TO LIVE IF THEY HAVE NO RELATIVES WHO CAN  TAKE CARE OF THEM.
4) TO ASK OTHER PEOPLE TO GIVE THEIR MONEY FOR CHARITY.
5) A PERSON WHO HAS NO PARENTS.
6) TO GIVE PEOPLE A PLACE FOR SLEEPIN
7) A PERSON AGING FROM APPROXEMATELY 60 YEARS.
8) A PERSON WHO HAS NO FRIENDS OR RELATIVES CLOSE TO HIM.
There are different types of charities.
Some of them take care of animals, some  help          people.
Poor and homeless people usually need hot food    and warm clothes.
Lonely people and elderly people who live in the      nursing houses mostly miss the communication       and company.
Needy and disabled people are glad to get a help    about the house.
Orphans always dream about having a family and    they are very happy to receive a new toy or a piece of  clothes.
Everyone likes to be cared for.
The first Monday in September in America is a holiday.
It is Arbor Day.
People like staying at home on that day.
Children help people with organizing concerts and sport competitions.
It is not the best time for visiting friends and relatives.
They enjoy having time together.
The first Monday in September in America is a holiday. (true)
It is Arbor Day. (false)
People like staying at home on that day. (false)
Children help people with organizing concerts and sport competitions. (true)
It is not the best time for visiting friends and relatives. (false)
They enjoy having time together. (true)
I like to read books.
I like to travel.
I like to watch soap operas.
I like to help people.
I often make donations. It is important.
I often visit lonely people. It is a nice habit.
I make a world a better place. I enjoy it.
I make a difference. It means a lot.
I get a life experience. It is very important.
I get involved in projects. It is interesting.
I support needy people. It means a lot.
I always show sympathy to poor people. It is important.


title: Презентация на тему: Charles Dickens

text:
Charles Dickens
(1812-1870)
A novel Dombey and Son.
The topic of upbringing and development of the personality in the novel
Biography
At age fifteen Charles found employment as an office boy for an attorney. In 1829 he became a reporter at Doctor's Commons Courts. By 1832 he became a shorthand reporter of Parliamentary debates in the House of Commons and a reporter for a newspaper and adopted his famous name “Boz”. He was also hired to write short texts called The Pickwick Papers, which had an enormous success.
In 1837 he started writing Oliver Twist and it continued in monthly parts through April of 1839. In 1838 he began Nicholas Nickleby. In July of 1844, A Christmas Carol was published and proved to be another successful work.
Gradually his health worsened and in 1869 he experienced a mild stroke. He began working on the Mystery of Edwin Drood. On June 8, 1870he suffered another stroke and died the next day. He was buried at Westminster Abbey.

Charles Dickens, the greatest representative of English critical realism, was born on February 7, 1812 in Portse, England. His father was a Navy Pay clerk and was horrible at handling finances. At the age of 12, Dickens was sent to work at the Warrens Blacking Factory, where he hated working.

Charles Dickens
As one of the greatest critical realist writers of the Victorian Age, Dickens has a serious intention to expose and criticize all the poverty, injustice, hypocrisy and corruptness he sees all around him.
Dickens bears very complicated social attitudes. On one hand, he hates the state apparatus. On the other, he can in no way supply any fundamental solution to the social plights, as a bourgeois writer.
At the same time he hopes to call people's attention to the existing social problems and bring about some reform or amelioration.

Notable works
The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club (1837)
The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby (1838)
Oliver  Twist (1839)
The Old Curiosity Shop (1840)
A Christmas Carol (1843)
The Cricket on the Hearth (1845)
Dombey and Son (1846)
David Copperfield (1850)
Bleak House (1852)
Great Expectations (1861)
The Mystery of Edwin Drood (1870)

Oliver Twist
Dombey and Son
Dombey and Son expose the money-worship that dominates people's life, corrupts the young and brings tragedy to Mr. Dombey's family.
The hero in Dombey and Son is a capitalist, a true representative of the English bourgeoisie - the rich and proud head of the shipping home Dombey.
Summary plot
To secure the continuity of the House, Mr. Dombey needs a son. To him his wife is only the means of producing the son. Later she died in giving birth to the son.
But little Paul is delicate in health. What is worse, he is deprived of all the joys of a child at school, and is soon killed.
Heavily shaken by his loss, Mr. Dombey marries again, taking, as his second wife, Edith, a proud and very poor woman. Dombey does not care a fig about Edith's lack of love for him. All he wants is a woman who can produce the needed son.
From the start Dombey's hard-heartedness offends Edith, and this crack in their relations is artfully widened by his business manager Carker, a villain.
The breach widens and develops into a crisis. Edith leaves him, eloping with Carker. Mr. Dombey again meets Carker in a railway station. Carker stumbles from the station platform before a coming train and gets killed.
The house of Dombey goes bankrupt in a financial crisis. Dombey loses his fortune, his son and his wife. He lives in humility and repentance, his daughter Florence, who has been driven from home, now returns to him. The proud Edith ends her days in voluntary seclusion.


title: Презентация на тему: Charles Michael Palahniuk

text:
Charles Michael Palahniuk
Born February 21, 1962, Charles spent his early childhood living out of a mobile home in Burbank, Washington.

His paternal grandfather was Ukrainian and immigrated to New York from Canada in 1907.

His parents, Carol and Fred Palahniuk, separated and divorced when he was fourteen.

Chuck and his siblings spent much of their time on their maternal grandparent’s cattle ranch.

In 1980 Charles graduated from Columbia High School in Burbank.

The catalyst for his first writing was his fifth grade teacher Mr. Olsen.

      After high school, Chuck attended the University of Oregon, graduating with a BA in journalism in 1986. He entered the workforce as a journalist for a local Portland newspaper, but soon grew tired of the job. He then gained employment as a diesel mechanic, spending his days repairing trucks and writing technical manuals. It was during this time that Palahniuk performed volunteer work for a homeless shelter; later, he also volunteered at a hospice as an escort; he provided transportation for terminally ill people and brought them to support group meetings. He also became a member of the notorious Cacophony Society. The Cacophony Society was dedicated to experiencing things outside of the mainstream and performing large-scale pranks in public places.
Palahniuk began writing fiction in his mid-thirties. At the time he was attending workshops for writers to meet new friends. Tom Spanbauer, the host, largely inspired Palahniuk's minimalistic writing style.
Chuck’s first attempt at a novel, If You Lived Here, You’d be Home Already was rejected across the board (although parts were later recycled for use in Fight Club.) Unfazed, Chuck dabbled with even darker material, writing a manuscript called Manifesto, which would go on to become Invisible Monsters. As with If You Lived Here, agents just couldn't embrace the dark tone in Chuck's work, and while his voice as a writer got some recognition, nobody was willing to take a chance on him.

That all changed when Chuck "gave up" on the mainstream and decided to make his next manuscript even darker. The experience of working in terminally ill hospice and becoming a member of the  Cacophony Society was the basis. Fight Club came into existence. After initially publishing it as a short story (which would become chapter 6 of the novel) in the 1995 compilation, Pursuit of Happiness, Palahniuk expanded it into a full novel, which—contrary to his expectations—the publisher was willing to publish. But it wasn't until 20th Century Fox took notice that Chuck nabbed an agent in Edward Hibbert (best known as Gil Chesterton, the food critic on Frasier,) who would go on to broker the deal for Fight Club the movie.
Due to this success, Chuck was given free reign, creatively.
Chuck’s work has always been infused with personal experience, and his next novel, Lullaby, was no exception. Chuck credits writing Lullaby with helping him cope with the tragic death of his father.
The year 1999 brought a series of great personal tragedies to Palahniuk's life. At that time, his father, Fred Palahniuk, had started dating a woman named Donna Fontaine. He met her trough a personal ad soon after her former boyfriend, Dale Shackleford, had been imprisoned for sexual abuse. Shackleford had vowed to kill Fontaine as soon as he was released from prison. After his release, Shackleford followed Fontaine and the senior Palahniuk to Fontaine's home after they had gone out for a date. Shackleford then shot them both and dragged their bodies into Fontaine's cabin home, which he then set afire. That man was found guilty and sentenced to death in 2001.
“That's why I write, because life never works except in retrospect. You can't control life, at least you can control your version.”
(Stranger Than Fiction)

Another book, based on personal experience, was released in 2011. Chuck wrote Damned while his mother was dying of cancer. She was the prototype of the main character, 13-year-old girl Madison who is in Hell. “On her medication my mother became much more herself as a child; a child I never would have known. I was playing in effect the role of parent. It was a terrible time and perhaps that's why Madison's such a glib person. She's covering up horrible circumstances and pain”-says Chuck. He tried to express somehow his grief at having then lost both of his parents. That would not make a very entertaining or particularly funny book, that`s why he inverted the situation and made it this very plucky dead child, who could mourn her parents while they were still on Earth – but still she could miss them.

“All the effort in the world won't matter if you're not inspired.”
(Diary)

Charles Palahniuk managed to find his inspiration in his misery. The art cured him.  And I believe that his way can help anybody. Do you?

“We all die. The goal isn't to live forever, the goal is to create something that will.”
(Diary)


title: Презентация на тему: Charles Spenser Chaplin

text:
Charles Spenser Chaplin
He was born on the 16th of April  in London, England.
His parents worked in Music Hall.
His parents separated soon after his birth.
After that
Charles lived with his mother.
Charlie first performed in Music Hall in 1894 at the age 5.
As a child, he was often seriously ill.
In 1900,
aged 11,
his brother helped get him the role of
a comic cat in the pantomime Cinderella at the London Hippodrome.
He became a clown in Fred
Karno's Fun Factory comedy company in 1907.
Charlie arrived in the USA with the Karno troupe on October 2, 1912.
He became world famous very quickly. His brother, Sydney, was his business manager.

He also formed his own independent production company in 1918, the Charles Chaplin Film Corporation, which made him a very wealthy man.

These are comedy shorts (such as A Dog's Life (1918)
and Pay Day (1922and his great silent feature length films: The Kid (1921),

His silent films with his own music and sound effects:
City Lights (1931) and Modern Times (1936),
Chaplin won Oscar twice the first Oscar on
May 16, 1929,
the second award came 44 years later in 1972.

On March 4, 1975 he was knighted as a Knight of the British Empire by Queen Elizabeth II.
Эрик Кэмпбелл,
Чарли Чаплин и
Эдна Перваэнс
 в фильме
 "За экраном.
Chaplin died on Christmas Day, 1977 in Vevey, Switzerland, aged 88.


title: Презентация на тему: Charlotte Bronte

text:
Charlotte Bronte

Charlotte was born in Thornton, Yorkshire in 1816, the third of six children, to Maria (née Branwell) and Patrick Brontë , an Irish Anglican clergyman. In 1820 her family moved a few miles to the village of Haworth, where her father had been appointed Perpetual curate of St Michael and All Angels Church.

Emily Bronte
Ann Bronte
Charlotte Bronte
Their mother died of cancer on 15 September 1821, leaving five daughters, Maria, Elizabeth, Charlotte, Emily, Anne and a son Branwell to be taken care of by her sister, Elizabeth Branwell.
In August 1824, Patrick Brontë sent Charlotte, Emily, Maria and Elizabeth to the Clergy Daughters' School at Cowan Bridge in Lancashire.
In 1824 the 4 oldest girls were sent to boarding school. Maria and Elizabeth died of tuberculosis and Charlotte and Emily were removed. For next six years they pursued their education at home. Charlotte returned to school in 1831.
In 1839 she spent some months as governess in private families
Her sister Emily died in 1849 leaving Charlotte alone with her father. Charlotte died in childbirth in 1855.
Pride and Prejudice is a novel of manners by Jane Austen, first published in 1813. The story follows the main character Elizabeth Bennet as she deals with issues of manners, upbringing, morality, education, and marriage in the society of the landed gentry of early 19th-century England.

Charlotte Bronte


title: Презентация на тему: Charlotte Bronte

text:
Creators:Akimova Polina and Mezhevova Yulya 9 «B»
Biography
     Charlotte was born in Thornton, Yorkshire in 1816, us the third of six children, to Maria and her husband Patrick Bronte. In 1820, the family moved a few miles to Haworth, where Patrick had been appointed Perpetual Curate.
Education
In August 1824, Charlotte was sent with three of her sisters, Emily, Maria, and Elizabeth, to the Clergy Daughters' School at Cowan Bridge in Lancashire. Its poor conditions, which Charlotte maintained, permanently affected her health and physical development and hastened the deaths of her two elder sisters, Maria (born 1814) and Elizabeth (born 1815), who died of tuberculosis in June 1825. Soon after their father removed them from the school.
Education
Charlotte continued her education at Roe Head, Mirfield, from 1831 to 32, where she met her lifelong friends and correspondents, Ellen Nussey and Mary Taylor.During this period, she wrote her novella The Green Dwarf (1833) under the name of Wellesley. Charlotte worked as a teacher from 1835 to 1838.
Beginning of literary career
In May 1846, Charlotte, Emily, and Anne published a joint collection of poetry under the assumed names of Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell. Although only two copies were sold, the sisters continued writing for publication and began their first novels. Charlotte used "Currer Bell" when she published her first two novels.
Her most famous novels
Jane Eyre, published 1847
Shirley, published 1849
Villette, published 1853
Emma, unfinished; Charlotte Bronte wrote only 20 pages of the manuscript, published posthumously in 1860. In recent decades, at least two continuations of this fragment have appeared:
Emma, by "Charlotte Brontë and Another Lady", published 1980;
Emma Brown, by Clare Boylan, published 2003.
Jane Eyre
Jane Eyre is a famous and influential novel. It was published in London, England, in 1847. The novel merges elements of three distinct genres. It has the form of a Bildungsroman, a story about a child's maturation, focusing on the emotions and experiences that accompany growth to adulthood. The novel also contains much social criticism, with a strong sense of morality at its core, and finally has the brooding and moody quality and Byronic character typical of Gothic fiction.
Married life
In June 1854, Charlotte married Arthur Bell Nicholls, her father's curate and, in the opinion of many scholars, the model for several of her literary characters such as Jane Eyre's Rochester and St. John. She became pregnant soon after the marriage. Her health declined rapidly during this time, and according to Gaskell, her earliest biographer, she was attacked by "sensations of perpetual nausea and ever-recurring faintness."
Death
Charlotte died, along with her unborn child, on 31 March 1855, at the young age of 38. Her death certificate gives the cause of death as phthisis (tuberculosis), but many biographers suggest she may have died from more serious desease. There is also evidence to suggest that Charlotte died from typhus she may have caught from Tabitha Ackroyd, the Brontë household's oldest servant, who died shortly before her. Charlotte was interred in the family vault in The Church of St. Michael and All Angels, Haworth, West Yorkshire, England.
Thanks for watching!


title: Презентация на тему: Cars’ names

text:
There are many kinds of cars in the world. But not all people know the history of their names.
Aston Martin
Lionel Martin and Robert Barnford made their first automobile in 1914.
They call it Aston Martin after the win in car races at Aston Clinton hill.
Bentley
 In 1919 Walter Owen Bentley called his firm by his name.
Vauxhall
In 1857 Alexander Wilson founded the firm Vauxhall.
Vauxhall is a district in London.
Dodge
John and Horatio Dodge had a small shop of car parts.
In 1914 they founded a carfirm Dodge Brothers..
Daimler
In 1897 Gottlieb Daimler, a German inventor, made a car in Great Britain.
He gave it his name.
Cadillac
Antoine de la Mothe Cadillak was a French who founded Detroit in 1701.
In 1902 Henry Leland gave his name to the well known company.
Chrysler
In 1923 Walter Chrysler named the first car of his company by his name.
Lincoln
Henry Leland founded his own firm and gave it the name of the American President Lincoln
Rolls-Royce
Frederick Henry Royce and Charles Stewart Rolls invented the models of the cars. They called them Rolls-Royce.
Ford
Henry Ford founded Ford Motor Company in 1903.
Chevrolet
Louis Joseph Chevrolet founded his company with his name in 1911.


title: Презентация на тему: Charlotte Bronte

text:
Biography
     Charlotte was born in Thornton, Yorkshire in 1816, us the third of six children, to Maria and her husband Patrick Bronte. In 1820, the family moved a few miles to Haworth, where Patrick had been appointed Perpetual Curate.

Education
In August 1824, Charlotte was sent with three of her sisters, Emily, Maria, and Elizabeth, to the Clergy Daughters' School at Cowan Bridge in Lancashire. Its poor conditions, which Charlotte maintained, permanently affected her health and physical development and hastened the deaths of her two elder sisters, Maria (born 1814) and Elizabeth (born 1815), who died of tuberculosis in June 1825. Soon after their father removed them from the school.

Education
Charlotte continued her education at Roe Head, Mirfield, from 1831 to 32, where she met her lifelong friends and correspondents, Ellen Nussey and Mary Taylor.During this period, she wrote her novella The Green Dwarf (1833) under the name of Wellesley. Charlotte worked as a teacher from 1835 to 1838.
Beginning of literary career
In May 1846, Charlotte, Emily, and Anne published a joint collection of poetry under the assumed names of Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell. Although only two copies were sold, the sisters continued writing for publication and began their first novels. Charlotte used "Currer Bell" when she published her first two novels.
Her most famous novels
Jane Eyre, published 1847
Shirley, published 1849
Villette, published 1853
Emma, unfinished; Charlotte Bronte wrote only 20 pages of the manuscript, published posthumously in 1860. In recent decades, at least two continuations of this fragment have appeared:
Emma, by "Charlotte Brontë and Another Lady", published 1980;
Emma Brown, by Clare Boylan, published 2003.
Jane Eyre
Jane Eyre is a famous and influential novel. It was published in London, England, in 1847. The novel merges elements of three distinct genres. It has the form of a Bildungsroman, a story about a child's maturation, focusing on the emotions and experiences that accompany growth to adulthood. The novel also contains much social criticism, with a strong sense of morality at its core, and finally has the brooding and moody quality and Byronic character typical of Gothic fiction.

Married life
In June 1854, Charlotte married Arthur Bell Nicholls, her father's curate and, in the opinion of many scholars, the model for several of her literary characters such as Jane Eyre's Rochester and St. John. She became pregnant soon after the marriage. Her health declined rapidly during this time, and according to Gaskell, her earliest biographer, she was attacked by "sensations of perpetual nausea and ever-recurring faintness."
Death
Charlotte died, along with her unborn child, on 31 March 1855, at the young age of 38. Her death certificate gives the cause of death as phthisis (tuberculosis), but many biographers suggest she may have died from more serious desease. There is also evidence to suggest that Charlotte died from typhus she may have caught from Tabitha Ackroyd, the Brontë household's oldest servant, who died shortly before her. Charlotte was interred in the family vault in The Church of St. Michael and All Angels, Haworth, West Yorkshire, England.

Thanks for watching!


title: Презентация на тему: Charitable organizations

text:
Charitable organizations
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation is the biggest  charitable foundation in the world.
It was founded by Bill Gates and his wife Melinda in 1994.
This foundation is situated in Seattle state Washington.
The fund is about 26 billiard dollars.
In 2006 the mumber of this foundation Warren Buffet donated 37 million dollars.
It  was the biggest donation in the history of the USA.
The main aim of this foundation is to support the system of health careness and to overcome the famine in poor countries.
Rokfeller « s Foundation is a charitable organization and a private foundation.
It was founded by a famous business man John Rokfeller and his son John.
The main historic mission is to help the mankind in different fields.

Ford”  s Foundation is an American charity  foundation.
It was founded to finance different projects and programmes to support democracy, to diminish poverty  and to develop international cooperation.

The staft of the foundation is in New York.
It was founded in 1936 by Enselan Ford his son Henry and two directors.
After Endsel” s death in 1943 and Henry Ford» s  death  in 1947 Henry Ford 2 became the director.
In 1952  the Foundation opened his first international office in New Deli, India.
At the end of 1980s this Foundation began to help in the fighting with AIDS.
Thank you for your attention!


title: Презентация на тему: Catalan traditions

text:
Haga clic para modificar el estilo de título del patrón
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Typical food in Catalunya
Christmas Duck
Typical Christmas traditions
END OF THE YEAR
THREE WISE MEAN


title: Презентация на тему: charlotte bronte

text:
Швейцария
Орындаған: Ш-13 тобының
Білім алушысы
Утегулова Асем

Швейца́рия (нем. die Schweiz, фр. Suisse,итал. Svizzera, ромш. Svizra), ресми атауы —Швейцария Конфедерациясы (нем.Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft, фр.Confédération suisse, итал. Confederazione Svizzera, ромш. Confederaziun svizra) — Орталық Еуропадағы мемлекет. Солтүстігінде Германиямен, батысындаФранциямен, оңтүстігінде Италиямен, шығысында Аустрия жәнеЛихтенштейнмен шектеседі.

Халқы 7,3 млн. (2001), оның 65,6%-ы — неміс тілді швейцарлар, 22,8%-ы — француз тілді швейцарлар, 8,4%-ы —италиян тілді швейцарлар, 0,6%-ы — реторомандықтар[1]. Дінге сенушілердің 50%-ы католиктер, 48%-ы протестанттар.
Астанасы — Берн қаласы. Негізгі қалалары: Цюрих, Женева, Лозанна, Санкт-Галлен, Базель.

Швецария — федеративтік парламенттік республика. Мемлекет басшысы —Президент, жоғарғы заң шығарушы органы — екі палаталы Федералдық жиналыс (Ұлттық кеңес пен кантондар кеңесі). Мемлекеттік тілі — неміс, француз,италиян тілдері. Ұлттық мейрамы — Конфедерацияның негізі қаланған күн, 1 тамыз (1291).
Швейцария — Еуропадағы қауіпсіздік пен ынтымақтастық ұйымның, Еуропалық кеңестің (1963), 2004 жылы Шенген келісімінің мүшесі. Ақша бірлігі —швейцария франкі.

Швейцария — таулы ел, көпшілік бөлігіАльпі таулары аумағында орналасқан (ел аум-ның 60%-ын құрайды). ОңтүстігіндеПеннин Альпісі, Лепонтин, Ретийя Альпісімен Бернин массиві орналасқан. Бұл таулар бір-бірінен жоғарғы Рона мен алдыңғы Рейннің терең көлденеңаңғарлары арқылы бөлінген. Негізінен кристалдық жыныстардан қалыптасқан биік, тегіс емес, қармен жабылған таулар терең шатқалдармен бөлшектенген.

Таулардың басында көптеген фирндік алаңдар мен мұздықтар бар (ел аум-ның 10%-ы). Негізгі асулары (Үлкен Сен-Бернар,Симплон, Сен-Готард, Бернина) 2000 м-ден биік орналасқан. Солтүстік пен солтүстік-батысқа қарай Альпі аласара түсіп, мұздықтар сирей бастайды. Альпіденсолтүстік-батысқа қарай ел аум-ның 1/3-іне жуығын алып жатқан Швейцария қыраты орналасқан. Ол 1000 — 1200 м-ден 400 м-ге дейін аласарады (Рейн мен Аареөзендерінің аңғарлары). Мұнда ел халқының басым бөлігі шоғырланған, ірі қалалар мен өнеркәсіп орталықтары орналасқан. Сондай-ақ мұнда ең құнарлы а. ш. жерлер мен жайылымдар бар. Елдің солт.-батысында қатпарлы Юра таулары (Швейцария шегіндегі ең биік жері — Мон-Тендр тауы — 1679 м) жатыр.

Швейцария - теңiзге шығусыз ел, аумағы үш табиғи аймаққа жiктеледі:
Солтүстігіндегі Юра таулары,
Отралығындағы Швейцария үстірті,
Оңтүстігінде Швейцарияның 61% жерін алатын Альпі таулары.
Швейцарияның ең биік нүктесі Пеннин Альпісінде орналасқан —Дюфур шыңы (4634 м), ең аласа нүктесі — Лаго-Маджоре өзені — 193 м.
Швейцарияда Еуропаның тұщы судың 6% орналасқан. Ең ірі өзеңдері - Рона, Рейн,Лиммат, Аaре.

Швейцарияның ең ірі он көлі:
Женева көлі (582,4 км²)
Боден көлі (539 км²)
Нёвшатель көлі (217,9 км²)
Лаго-Маджоре (212,3 км²)
Фирвальдштет көлі (113,8 км²)
Цюрих көлі (88,4 км²)
Лугано (48,8 км²)
Тун (48,4 км²)
Бильск көлі (40 км²)
Цугск көлі (38 км²)


title: Презентация на тему: Catholic Church

text:
Vatican is the center of Catholic church
Vatican City is the smallest independent state in the world in terms of inhabitants and size. It occupies an area of 44 hectares.
Vatican City State is governed as an absolute monarchy. The Head of State is the Pope who holds full legislative, executive and judicial powers.
Religious doctrines
Holy Writ  (The Bible)

Holy Legend
The differences from Orthodox church
Catholic Church
Division of the church
Christianity
West
(Catholics)
The center was
in Rome
East-Greek

(orthodox believers)
The center was in
Constantinople
1054


title: Презентация на тему: Castles in Britain Stories about Ghosts in Castles

text:
Castles in BritainStories about Ghosts in Castles
Made by
Ksenya Semenova and Dasha Polenok
Form 9
 Teacher L.V. Bobkova
Muncaster Castle in Cambria
Muncaster Castle
Muncaster Castle in Cambria is haunted by the ghost of a mysterious White Lady as well as by Tom Fool a jester who worked in the castle 400 years ago and now likes to play tricks on visitors
Glamis Castle
Glamis castle
Chillingham Castle
Warwick Castle
Warwick Castle
Tutbury Castle
Mary Queen of Scots spent much of her imprisonment here and her ghost has been spotted on the grounds on several occasions. The building has a rich haunted history Tutbury Castle in Staffordshire is more of a ruin than a functioning building, having been largely destroyed on the orders of Oliver Cromwell
Windsor Castle
Only certain parts of the castle are open to visitors, and only during the day, so you may not get to see any of the famous ghosts such as Henry VIII, his wife Anne Boleyn Charles I, and George III even if they make an appearance, but you never know! Windsor castle is the official residence of Her Majesty the Queen
Bodelwyddan Castle
Many mystery ghosts have been spotted at Bodelwyddan Castle in north Wales. The castle offers ghost walks; evening ghost vigils in which you use the latest equipment to try and detect ghosts
Berre Pomeroy Castle
The castle is open to the public from March until October but only during the day. Berre Pomeroy Castle in Devon is now no more than a picturesque ruin but it is said to be one of the most haunted spots in Britain. Both White and Blue Lady ghosts have been seen in the grounds.
Tamworth Castle
One of the ghosts, of the Black Lady, was famously photographed by a ghost-hunting team in the 1940s. Tamworth Castle in Staffordshire is home to many ghosts.
Edinburgh Castle
Situated spectacularly on a hill overlooking the city, Edinburgh castle has its share of spectacular ghost stories, including that of the headless drummer boy who appears whenever danger threatens.
HORROR FILMS!!! DO YOU LIKE TO WATCH THEM?There are a lot of films about ghosts which are very popular with young and old, children and adults.Here are the posters of such films which you have probably seen.
Welcome to British castles!!!
Castles in BritainStories about Ghosts in Castles
Made by
Ksenya Semenova and Dasha Polenok
Form 9
 Teacher L.V. Bobkova
Muncaster Castle in Cambria
Muncaster Castle
Muncaster Castle in Cambria is haunted by the ghost of a mysterious White Lady as well as by Tom Fool a jester who worked in the castle 400 years ago and now likes to play tricks on visitors
Glamis Castle
Glamis castle
Chillingham Castle
Warwick Castle
Warwick Castle
Tutbury Castle
Mary Queen of Scots spent much of her imprisonment here and her ghost has been spotted on the grounds on several occasions. The building has a rich haunted history Tutbury Castle in Staffordshire is more of a ruin than a functioning building, having been largely destroyed on the orders of Oliver Cromwell
Windsor Castle
Only certain parts of the castle are open to visitors, and only during the day, so you may not get to see any of the famous ghosts such as Henry VIII, his wife Anne Boleyn Charles I, and George III even if they make an appearance, but you never know! Windsor castle is the official residence of Her Majesty the Queen
Bodelwyddan Castle
Many mystery ghosts have been spotted at Bodelwyddan Castle in north Wales. The castle offers ghost walks; evening ghost vigils in which you use the latest equipment to try and detect ghosts
Berre Pomeroy Castle
The castle is open to the public from March until October but only during the day. Berre Pomeroy Castle in Devon is now no more than a picturesque ruin but it is said to be one of the most haunted spots in Britain. Both White and Blue Lady ghosts have been seen in the grounds.
Tamworth Castle
One of the ghosts, of the Black Lady, was famously photographed by a ghost-hunting team in the 1940s. Tamworth Castle in Staffordshire is home to many ghosts.
Edinburgh Castle
Situated spectacularly on a hill overlooking the city, Edinburgh castle has its share of spectacular ghost stories, including that of the headless drummer boy who appears whenever danger threatens.
HORROR FILMS!!! DO YOU LIKE TO WATCH THEM?There are a lot of films about ghosts which are very popular with young and old, children and adults.Here are the posters of such films which you have probably seen.
Welcome to British castles!!!
Castles in BritainStories about Ghosts in Castles
Made by
Ksenya Semenova and Dasha Polenok
Form 9
 Teacher L.V. Bobkova
Muncaster Castle in Cambria
Muncaster Castle
Muncaster Castle in Cambria is haunted by the ghost of a mysterious White Lady as well as by Tom Fool a jester who worked in the castle 400 years ago and now likes to play tricks on visitors
Glamis Castle
Glamis castle
Chillingham Castle
Warwick Castle
Warwick Castle
Tutbury Castle
Mary Queen of Scots spent much of her imprisonment here and her ghost has been spotted on the grounds on several occasions. The building has a rich haunted history Tutbury Castle in Staffordshire is more of a ruin than a functioning building, having been largely destroyed on the orders of Oliver Cromwell
Windsor Castle
Only certain parts of the castle are open to visitors, and only during the day, so you may not get to see any of the famous ghosts such as Henry VIII, his wife Anne Boleyn Charles I, and George III even if they make an appearance, but you never know! Windsor castle is the official residence of Her Majesty the Queen
Bodelwyddan Castle
Many mystery ghosts have been spotted at Bodelwyddan Castle in north Wales. The castle offers ghost walks; evening ghost vigils in which you use the latest equipment to try and detect ghosts
Berre Pomeroy Castle
The castle is open to the public from March until October but only during the day. Berre Pomeroy Castle in Devon is now no more than a picturesque ruin but it is said to be one of the most haunted spots in Britain. Both White and Blue Lady ghosts have been seen in the grounds.
Tamworth Castle
One of the ghosts, of the Black Lady, was famously photographed by a ghost-hunting team in the 1940s. Tamworth Castle in Staffordshire is home to many ghosts.
Edinburgh Castle
Situated spectacularly on a hill overlooking the city, Edinburgh castle has its share of spectacular ghost stories, including that of the headless drummer boy who appears whenever danger threatens.
HORROR FILMS!!! DO YOU LIKE TO WATCH THEM?There are a lot of films about ghosts which are very popular with the young and the old, children and adults.Here are the posters of such films which you have probably seen.
Welcome to British castles!!!


title: Презентация на тему: Charlie Chaplin

text:
Charlie Chaplin
Charles Spencer «Charlie» Chaplin
16 april 1889 – 25 december 1977
 Charlie Chaplin was born April 16, 1889 in London, at 8:00 pm, outside the East Lane, Walworth in a family of artists in the music hall. His parents - Charles Chaplin Sr. and Hannah Chaplin (on stage Lily Gurley) - were stand-up actors. Shortly before the wedding with a Chaplin-st., Hannah gave birth to Sidney Hill, a half-brother of Charlie, from a certain Jew named Hawks.
Charles Spencer «Charlie» Chaplin

Charles Chaplin Sr. - owner of a pleasant baritone - was in the mid-1880s, is very popular in London music halls. He often had to go on tour in Europe, he played in New York. His repertoire met and songs composed by him. Stage career Charles Spencer Chaplin Sr. ended tragically: he lost his voice, lost his engagement, took to drink and died May 9, 1901 in London's St Thomas' Hospital at the age of 37 years. [9] In addition, the paternal grandmother, who died when Charlie was not yet six years old, came from the Smith family, who belonged to the Roma than the actor himself was extremely proud, though described it in his autobiography as "the skeleton in the family closet" (or "very terrible secret").

Charlie made his first appearance on stage in 1894, at the age of five years, replacing the program of music hall of his mother. Due to problems with the larynx and later she lost her voice at all necessary for a singing job. Little Charlie tore applause of spectators who were on the scene to throw coins and banknotes. He won the audience even more by becoming a childlike collect money during the performance, and then returned to the stage and finished the song from the repertoire of the mother. On stage, Hannah does not return.

Hannah Chaplin, shortly after her husband was seriously ill. Brothers Sid and Charlie (and his mother) were in the workhouse at Lambeth, and then were sent to a school for orphans and poor children. They had to earn a living. In 1896, Hannah lost her mind and was later placed in a psychiatric hospital. For some time, his own son and stepson to take in Charles Chaplin Sr., who already had a new wife and son, 4 years younger than his half-brother, Charlie.

In 1903, he (at age 14) to get a permanent job in the theater and as a messenger Billy in the play "Sherlock Holmes." At this time, Chaplin was virtually illiterate. When he was given the role of the text, he was afraid that he was asked to read aloud a few paragraphs. The role helped him learn Sidni.21 brother in February 1908 has a place in the theater actor Fred Karno company, which supplies ready skits and pantomimes for a number of music halls, and soon became one of the key actors in a number of productions (some of which he later adapted for the screen).

In Switzerland, Chaplin wrote the music for his silent films, the voice of the film "The Gold Rush."
The actor was awarded the International Peace Prize in 1954.
In his film "A King in New York" (1957) Chaplin himself plays the main role.
In 1964, Chaplin published his memoirs, which were the basis of the biographical film "Chaplin" (1992).
The last film, "A Countess from Hong Kong" Chaplin puts on its scenario in 1967, the main roles are played by Sophia Loren and Marlon Brando.

In 1972, Chaplin was the second time an honorary "Oscar". For this, he went for a short time in the U.S. - he was given only a limited visa. March 4, 1975 Chaplin was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II.
Artist died in his sleep Dec. 25, 1977 at his home in Vevey, and was buried in the local cemetery. In memory of Charlie Chaplin on the shores of Lake Geneva, a monument.
March 1, 1978 Chaplin's coffin was dug up and kidnapped for ransom. [23] Police arrested the criminals, and the actor's body was reburied 17 May 1978 in the cemetery Meruz in Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland, under 6 feet (1.8 meters) of concrete, in the future to prevent such attempts.
Chaplin was married four times, he had 12 children. Some of them also tried his hand at acting break, but fame as an actress got a Geraldine Chaplin.


title: Презентация на тему: CATS

text:
Russian native breeds of cats

Cats first appeared with the spread of Eastern Slavic tribes. It was in the VI-IX centuries

Ancient native breed of Russia is Russian Blue

They have an elongated body, medium build, long tail, tall and shapely legs. Eyes only the saturated green. The coat is short, soft. Colour blue with a silvery sheen.
The Siberian cat
Medium or large size, with different physical abilities. Large ears with a brush, snout short
and long hair,
wide tail.
Color varied.

Don Sphynx
Do not have a coat, ears large and medium-sized eyes, the body strong, and the tail is long, straight.
Color may be any.


title: Презентация на тему: Cave painting in Europe

text:
Lascaux is the setting of a complex of caves in southwestern France famous for its Paleolithic cave paintings.
The most famous section of the cave is The Great Hall of the Bulls.
Font de Gaume is a cave in southwestern France near Les Eyzies. The cave houses a collection of prehistoric polychrome cave paintings, and is a popular site for tourists.
Prehistoric people living in the Dordogne Valley first settled in the mouth of Font de Gaume around 25,000 BC
Altamira (Spanish for 'high view') is a cave in Spain famous for its Upper Paleolithic cave paintings featuring drawings and polychrome rock paintings of wild mammals and human hands.
A bison from the Altamira cave ceiling, one of the most famous paintings from there.
The cave is 296 meters long, and consists of a series of twisting passages and chambers.
Cueva de La Pasiega, or Cave of La Pasiega is one of the most important monuments of Paleolithic art in Cantabria.
There are representations of equines (horses), cervids (deer, male and female) and bovines (cattle). There are also many abstract symbols (ideomorphs)


title: Презентация на тему: Celebrations of Various American Cultures

text:
Celebrations of Various American Cultures
Grade 5
Social Studies Online
Blueprint Skill:
Recognize personal, religious, and national celebrations of various American cultures (i.e., Independence Day, Columbus Day, Native American or American Indian Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Veteran's Day, Memorial Day, or Thanksgiving).
Independence Day
On July 4, 1776, we claimed our independence from Britain and Democracy was born. Every day thousands leave their homeland to come to the "land of the free and the home of the brave" so they can begin their American Dream.
Independence Day
The United States is truly a diverse nation made up of dynamic people. Each year on July 4, Americans celebrate that freedom and independence with barbecues, picnics, and family gatherings.
       Happy Birthday, America!
Columbus Day
The first recorded celebration honoring the discovery of America by Europeans took place on October 12, 1792 in New York City.
Columbus Day
In 1937, President Roosevelt proclaimed October 12 as "Columbus Day" and in 1971, President Nixon declared the second Monday of October a national holiday.
Memorial Day
Memorial Day, originally called Decoration Day, is a day of remembrance for those who have died in our nation's service.

Memorial Day

http://www.usmemorialday.org/taps.html
Thanksgiving
The Pilgrims had much to celebrate, they had built homes in the wilderness, they had raised enough crops to keep them alive during the long coming winter, they were at peace with their Indian neighbors. They had beaten the odds and it was time to celebrate.
Thanksgiving
The Pilgrims, who celebrated the first Thanksgiving in America, were fleeing religious persecution in their native England. In 1609 a group of Pilgrims left England for the religious freedom.
Christmas
Christmas observance is a conglomeration of several other festivals.  To early Christians, it commemorates the birth of the Christ Child.
Christmas
 Today the practices associated with Christmas are likewise a conglomeration of different traditions from many different origins.  Santa Claus, Carols, St. Nicholas, Yule Logs, Candles, Colored Lights, Christmas Cards, Christmas Trees, etc. all have different roots which are now blended into a single new tradition.
In 1914, Red Fox James, a Blackfoot from Montana, traveled on horseback four thousand miles soliciting the aid of governors for a holiday honoring the American Indians.  He presented his proposal to a group of governors in Washington DC on December 14, 1914 where it was adopted by 24 states.
  In the 1915 annual meeting of the American Indian Association, 1,250 Native Americans gathered in Lawrence, Kansas and sanctioned the plan.  At this session, September 28, the fourth Friday in September, was set forth as the designated date
Martin Luther King, Jr. Day
Martin Luther King, Jr. Day
It took many years for Congress to decide to celebrate the holiday. In the years leading up to the official decree many African-Americans celebrated the birthday themselves with a few states declaring King's birthday a state holiday. The bill was finally passed by both the House of Representatives and the Senate and was signed into law on November 2, 1983.
In 1921, an unknown World War I American soldier was buried in Arlington National Cemetery. These memorial services all took place on November 11, the anniversary of the end of World War I at 11:00 a.m., November 11, 1918 (the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month), which became known as Armistice Day.
Armistice Day officially became a holiday in the United States in 1926, and a national holiday 12 years later. On June 1, 1954, the name was changed to Veterans Day to honor all U.S. veterans.
Try this holiday quiz game!
http://www.surfnetkids.com/quiz/holiday
Click to edit Master title style
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Second level
Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
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http://www.holidays.net/independence/story.htm
http://www.holidays.net/independence/story.htm
Native American Day
Native American Day
http://www.surfnetkids.com/games/History_Games/


title: Презентация на тему: Cars Toyota

text:
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Second level
Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
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Second level
Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
Toyota
Peter Sitton
Tabitha Kastner
Lester Mooney
Lea Ann Hart-Chambers
Nate Ramirez
Tyler Redden
900igr.net
History
Began as a textile company in 1926 (Toyoda Automatic Loom Works)
In 1933 an automobile department was established within Toyoda Automatic Loom Works.
In 1937 Toyota Motor Co. was established as an independent company.
Becomes a major supplier of trucks to The Imperial Army during WWII.
Plants were scheduled to be destroyed by allies, but the war ended first.

In 1947 started passenger car production.
In 1958 sold their first cars in the U.S.
In 1959 opened first plant outside of Japan, in Brazil.
	- Since then Toyota has maintained a philosophy of  producing and designing cars in the countries where they are to be sold.
In 1989 the first Lexus was introduced after several years of development.
In 1997 Toyota introduced the first hybrid (Prius) to the Japanese market.
Scion is introduced for 2004 model year
Where they are today
Second Largest automaker, but most profitable
51 manufacturing companies in 26 countries
	- Produce a vehicle every 6 seconds
Brands: Toyota, Lexus, Scion
Business partners with Daihatsu and Hino
automotive business accounted for 90% of revenues
Other 10%: housing, marine, GAZOO, telecommunications, ITS, Biotechnology and Afforestation
 Success attributed to Toyota Production System
Place
Toyota started their hybrid technology in Japan
After the high success in Japan, Toyota moved their Prius to the US market where it has been very successful.
The first introduction of the Prius was in 2002 and since then Toyota has come out with the Highlander and Lexus RX 400H and next year they will release the Camry.
Most Toyota hybrid vehicles are available for purchase nationwide
Toyota Prius is offered nationwide but there are waiting lists for the vehicles
Lexus first hybrid RX400H is available for purchase nationwide
Toyota Highlander has limited availability as of right now, consumers can order the vehicle but they are not available on sales floors.
Promotion
Toyota Overall Promotion
The main promotion for Toyota hybrids is the tax deduction given to consumers who purchase hybrid vehicles
Toyota Prius Promotions
Bluetooth technology
Option with in the Prius that if the consumer has a Bluetooth mobile phone, that allows customers with onboard navigation system and hands free phone capabilities with the vehicle
Land Speed Prius
Aiming for the younger market by having a race car that reached the speed of 130.794 mph
Prius is the national sponsor for the American Lung Association

Promotions Cont.
Product
The Toyota Prius and Highlander are both in transition from the introduction stage to the growth stage of the product life cycle
Limited number of products are available through few competitors
Other competitors are becoming attracted to the market and will have similar offerings soon
They are focused on building brand and customer loyalty.
Product cont.
Price
Toyota is offering high quality at a relatively low price in order to penetrate the market
The Prius is priced the same as other five seater hybrids in its class but gets much better gas mileage
Same price as the Honda Insight but holds three more people
Comparison
Price cont.
A hybrid Highlander SUV costs $5,000 more than the conventional Highlander
It delivers more horsepower than the conventional Highlander (30 horsepower)
It gets 10 more miles to the gallon
It greatly reduces the tail pipe emissions
SWOT Analysis
Strengths
Weaknesses
Global company, but really two countries primarily (Japan & U.S.)
Foreign Exchange risk magnified
Risk that R&D outlays will not generate new competitive advantages
Forecast decrease in operating income to fuel accelerated R&D
Little diversification to allied lines
Opportunities
Threats
Supply chain costs tied to oil (materials, production and shipping)
Foreign exchange fluctuations
HEV competition increase could move market to price basis eroding profits
Financial Information
Toyota
Public company traded on the NYSE and the ADR exchange in Tokyo

Employed 264,410 people in 2004

Revenue of $172,749 Million in 2005
Year end of March
Toyota
Revenue - $172,749 million
Gross Profit - $43,517 million
Operating Income - $15,571 million
Total Net Income - $10,907 million
Competitors
Annual Revenue
Ford - $171,652 million
General Motors - $193,517
Honda - $80,705
Growth
1-year sales growth: 5.6%

1-year net income growth: 0.8%

1-year employee growth: 0.1%
Toyota Stock Prices
Competitors
Thoughts on the Future
The hybrid push is a goal of Toyota's strategy: increase their share of the world's auto market to 15 percent, which should vault them past General Motors as the world's largest automaker.

Admitting "If you can't beat 'em, Join 'em!", Ford has an agreement to use Toyota's Hybrid Technology System in future Ford products, joining Nissan, which signed a similar agreement in 2002.

 Ford "has not yet completed their own hybrid system". Using Toyota's system instead might help. Nissan will use it first in the 2006 Altima.
Toyota Motor Corp. wants hybrids to make up 25 percent of its U.S. sales by early in the next decade and is considering adding the technology to its entire lineup, including trucks

Toyota has 10 hybrids under development.
Toyota executives have said that the volatility of gas prices, political instability and environmental issues make the development of the technology a priority

Fuel efficiency will increasingly be a determinant of automakers competitiveness in the near future.

With gas prices continuing to increase the Big 3 could have layoffs of up to 300,000.
Hybrid Synergy Drive

Auto industry analysts estimate that Toyota will pass Ford in global vehicles sold in 2005, and if current trends continue, it will eventually pass GM to become the largest automaker in the world.

Research shows that US automakers incentives between 2001 and 2004 correlate almost exactly to increases in fuel operating costs.

Sources
http://www.toyota.co.jp/en/about_toyota/history/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota
http://www.toyoland.com/history.html
www.toyota.com
www.lexus.com
www.hybridcars.com
http://0-web24.epnet.com.oasis.oregonstate.edu/auth CompanyBrowse.asp?tb=1&_ua=bo+S%5FDE+db+dmhco+shn+1+dt+toyota+bt+toyota+do+S%5FDE+E0FF&_ug=sid+78FD444F%2D2BDB%2D4BF0%2DB8E4%2DD39C4ECF3E2F%40sessionmgr6+dbs+buh+cp+1+47CD&_us=hd+False+hs+True+dstb+ES+fh+False+sm+ES+mh+1+ss+SO+544E&_uso=hd+False+db%5B0+%2Dbuh+C5AC&tlog=1& event=toyota
http://www.toyotageorgetown.com/hybrid/ths6.asp
http://www.boston.com/business/articles/2005/08/03/toyota_looks_to_hybrids_for_sales_future/
http://www.hybridcars.com/blogs/bloglist.php?thread_id=14&month=8&year=2005


title: Презентация на тему: Chastooshkas

text:
Chastooshkas
Chastooshkas


Презентация на тему: Царевна-лягушка. Тренажёр по английскому языку


title: Презентация на тему: Cats

text:
The types of
Cats
Wild Cats
Domestic Cats
Large Cats
Middle Cats
Small Cats
Wild Large Cats
Lions
Tigers
Leopard
Jaguars
Lions
Lions live in groups.
They prefer hunting:
in the open places;
in groups.
Then they protect their extraction.
An inhabitancy: Africa, North India.

Tigers
Tigers are striped cats. They are the biggest in the world.
They live and hunt along.
Tiger Kills his victim in the forest and enjoys his extraction slowly.
An inhabitancy: Central Asia, South-East Asia.
TYPES OF TIGERS:
Amur Tiger
Royal Tiger
Bengalese Tiger
Leopard
Leopard is a big cat. It never grows.
It lives along.
It is very strong and can pursue his extraction very long.
An inhabitancy: Africa, South and Central Asia.
Middle cats

Lynxes
Pumas
  Cheetahs
Lynxes
They are single hunters.
They are very active in twilight and at night.
Hunting on hears, small birds.
 An inhabitancy: the forests of Europe, Central and Northern America.
Pumas
They live along.
Every animal has its own territory of life.
Hunting on birds, deers, small mammals.
An inhabitancy: Western part of The Northern America and South America.
Cheetahs
They are one of the fastest mammals in the world.( His speed is nearly 90 km/h).
Hunting on gazelles, antelopes, guinea fowls.
 An inhabitancy: Central and South Africa.
Small CatsOtselot
Spotty wild cats
Hunting on birds and small mammals.
An inhabitancy: Northern, Central and South America.
Domestic Cats
Live at home
Types: Persian, Siamese, Egyptian Mau, Burmese, British Royal, Russian Blue etc.
 An inhabitancy: everywhere.


Презентация на тему: Царевна лягушка


title: Презентация на тему: CHECK YOUR VOCABULARY

text:
CHECK YOUR VOCABULARY
GIVE THE RUSSIAN EQUIVALENTS
PRE-PACKAGED FOOD
CAN
TO SMELL
TO DROP
TO PROTECT
WASHING-UP LIQUID
RUBBISH BIN
AEROSOL CAN
GIVE THE RUSSIAN EQUIVALENTS
ALUMINIUM
TO LIGHT
TO THROW
TO LOOK
RUDE
CEREAL
UPWARDS
LEAFLET
GIVE THE RUSSIAN EQUIVALENTS
TO DESTROY
TO KEEP FIT
CONTENT
DOWNWARDS
ILLEGAL
WASHING-UP LIQUID
AEROSOL CAN
CAN

GIVE THE RUSSIAN EQUIVALENTS
TO DROP
RUBBISH BIN
TO SMELL
PRE-PACKAGED FOOD
TO THROW
TO LIGHT
ALUMINIUM
TO PROTECT
GIVE THE RUSSIAN EQUIVALENTS
WASHING-UP LIQUID
CEREAL
TO LOOK
LEAFLET
TO DESTROY
TO KEEP FIT
CONTENT
DOWNWARDS
GIVE THE RUSSIAN EQUIVALENTS
CEREAL
TO LIGHT
TO DROP
RUBBISH BIN
TO SMELL
PRE-PACKAGED FOOD
AEROSOL CAN
CAN
GIVE THE RUSSIAN EQUIVALENTS
RUDE
CEREAL
UPWARDS
LEAFLET
TO PROTECT
WASHING-UP LIQUID
RUBBISH BIN
AEROSOL CAN
GIVE THE RUSSIAN EQUIVALENTS
PRE-PACKAGED FOOD
CAN
TO SMELL
TO DROP
ALUMINIUM
TO LIGHT
TO THROW
TO LOOK
GIVE THE RUSSIAN EQUIVALENTS
TO DESTROY
TO KEEP FIT
CONTENT
DOWNWARDS
CEREAL
TO LIGHT
TO DROP
RUBBISH BIN
GIVE THE RUSSIAN EQUIVALENTS
PRE-PACKAGED FOOD
TO THROW
TO LIGHT
ALUMINIUM
TO KEEP FIT
CONTENT
DOWNWARDS
ILLEGAL


title: Презентация на тему: Change in the weather and climate in the world

text:
Change in the weather and
    climate in the world

Changing weather and climate are variations in the Earth's climate as a whole or of its separate regions with the passage of time, resulting in a statistically reliable deviations of parameters of weather from the multiyear averages for the period of time from decades to millions of years. Take into account changes as the average values of weather parameters, and changes in the frequency of extreme weather events. The study of climate change engaged in science paleoclimatology.

Factors of climate changes are caused by changes in the earth's atmosphere, the processes occurring in other parts of the world, such as the oceans, glaciers, as well as the effects associated with human activities. External processes that shape the climate are the changes of the solar radiation and the Earth's orbit.

Change of weather and climate    impacts on our planet now!

The glaciers are
melting

Increased acidity of
 the oceans

Or coral reefs will
lose color

The weather is becoming
 more severe

The weather is becoming
 more severe

Threat to the survival
 of small island

Affects the livelihood
of local residents

Climate impact of all factors, both natural and anthropogenic, is a single value - radioactive heating of the atmosphere in W/m2.Volcanoes, glaciers, continental drift and drift of the Earth's poles are powerful natural processes affecting the Earth's climate. In the scale of several years volcanoes can play a major role. As a result of the eruption of the volcano Pinatubo in 1991 in the Philippines to a height of 35 km been abandoned so much ash that the average level of solar radiation decreased by 2.5 W/m2. However, these changes are not long term, the particles relatively quickly settle down. In the scale of thousands of years determining the climate of the process will be, probably, the slow movement from one of the glacial period to the next.

24 October - the international
 day dedicated to the climate action.

Thank you for your attention!


title: Презентация на тему: Charles Dickens

text:
Charles Dickens
23 interesting facts about Charles Dickens

Charles John Huffam Dickens was an English writer and social critic. He created some of the world's most memorable fictional characters and is generally regarded as the greatest novelist of the Victorian period. During his life, his works enjoyed unprecedented fame, and by the twentieth century his literary genius was broadly acknowledged by critics and scholars. His novels and short stories continue to be widely popular.
Fact №1
Dickens had an obsessive compulsive disorder. He would comb his hair hundreds of times a day, constantly rearranged the furniture and was obsessed with looking in the mirror.
№2
He was obsessive about the position of his bed. It had to be aligned north to south because of his obsession with magnetic fields and the belief it improved his writing.
№3
He touched things 3 times for luck
№4
He was obsessed with tidiness and cleaned his friends home as well as his own.
№5
His pen name was Boz.
№6
Dickens had 10 children and gave them all nicknames.
№7
Dickens was epileptic and included epileptic characters in his books. Doctors are still astonished how accurate his descriptions of epilepsy are in his books.
№8
Dickens was the first superstar author, the J.K.Rowling of his day. In 1841 when the Old Curiosity Shop was serialized 6000 people descended on New York docks when the final installment arrived all shouting `does little Nell live`? to the sailors.
№9
He was a big fan of hypnotism and used it to try and cure his wife and children of any ailments.
№10
He was not very tolerant of his friends. When Hans Christian Anderson stayed with him he gave him a BIG hint that he had outstayed his welcome by attaching a note to his mirror which said `Hans Anderson slept in this room for 5 weeks which seemed to the family, like AGES`.
№11
In his study he had a secret door which was designed like a bookcase filled with fake books.
№12
Dickens had a big ego, referring to himself as `The sparkler of Albion` (Albion being an archaic name for England). It was a pun on Shakespeare's reference to himself as the Bard of Avon.
№13
Dickens father was at one time imprisoned in the Marshalsea debtors prison .
№14
He seemed to have a failure to grasp the basics of reproduction as he resented his wife for giving him 10 children and this resentment was a factor in their separation in1858.
№15
When he was 11 as a result of his father being in prison and to help provide for his family he was forced to leave school and Take his first job in a blacking (shoe polish) factory applying the labels to the bottles. Throughout his life he would never discuss this experience .
№16
In 1860 Dickens started an affair with a young actress named Ellen Ternan and this continued until his death. It was kept very secret and as a result there is little written literature on it.
№17
Dickens gave hundreds of paid readings to audiences which meant he could indulge his love of the stage and performing .
№18
Dickens books have never been out of print.
№19
His wife`s 17 year old sister, Mary who lived with them died in Dickens`s arms after a short illness. She would later be immortalized as Little Nell.
№20
Dickens was very interested in the paranormal and was an early member of The Ghost Club.
№21
On the 9th June 1865 he narrowly escaped death when the train he was traveling in with Ellen and her mother crashed in Staplehurst. He spent time after the crash helping tend to the dying and injured and although physically unharmed he mentally never recovered.
№22
Exactly 5 years to the day later Dickens died at his home from a massive stroke leaving his last work The Mystery of Edwin Drood unfinished. He was 58.
№23
Although David Copperfield is the most biographical book of his life, all of his books have characters and stories from his own past interwoven in them.


title: Презентация на тему: Celtic Folk in Musical Heritage of Ireland

text:
Celtic Folk
in Musical Heritage
of Ireland
During the First Millennium BCE, Celtic-speaking people occupied a large part of central Europe
THE
 W
O
R
L
D

O
F

C
E
L
T
S
The Druids were a sort of super-class of priests, political advisors, teachers, healers, and arbitrators among the Celtic tribes.
Bards amused Ireland by their art of singing and playing the harp
In ancient times the harpers were respected, considered to have near-magic powers
The harp is among the chief symbols
of Ireland.
In the 17th  century the epoch of Irish pipe began.
In our days fiddle (violin) is one of the most important instruments in traditional music
Fiddlers (violinists) succeeded the poets with harp in the 18th century
The flute is an integral part of Irish traditional music
The tin whistle, which might be called a cousin of the simple-system flute, is also popular.
The accordion spread to Ireland in the 19th century

In Irish folk music the guitar is used to accompany singers as well as instrumentalists
Bodhran with tipper is considered a relatively modern addition to traditional dance music
Skilled bodhran players are highly prized by most traditional musicians.
We foot it all the night
Weaving olden dances,
Mingling hands and mingling glances
Till the moon has taken flight.
To and fro we leap
And chase the frothy bubbles,
While the world is full of troubles
And is anxious in its sleep.
The Dubliners (1962) became very well known, not just in Ireland; they were also pioneers for Irish folk in Europe
The «Chieftains»(1963), whose music is based on the ancient Celtic traditions, celebrated the 45th anniversary this year.
Celtic musical traditions live in the music of modern folk groups
«Clann Lir» is the only group, whose repertory completely consists of songs, written on Celtic languages.
The disks of the most  interesting Russian groups, playing traditional Celtic music
To and fro we leap
And chase the frothy bubbles,
While the world is full of troubles
And is anxious in its sleep.
«Clann Lir» is the only group, whose repertory completely consists of songs, written on Celtic languages.
Celtic Folk
in Musical Heritage
of Ireland
The accordion spread to Ireland in the 19th century

In Irish folk music the guitar is used to accompany singers as well as instrumentalists
Skilled bodhran players are highly prized by most traditional musicians.
Bodhran is considered a relatively modern addition to traditional dance music
In our days fiddle (violin) is one of the most important instruments in traditional music
Bodhran with tipper is considered a relatively modern addition to traditional dance music
During the First Millennium BCE, Celtic-speaking people occupied a large part of central Europe
The disks of the most  interesting Russian groups, playing traditional Celtic music
During the First Millennium BC, Celtic-speaking people occupied a large part of central Europe
My research allows me to make the conclusions:

    - Celtic folk was formed as comprehension of all musical heritage of Ireland, where Celtic musical tradition was not interrupted and didn't change its form;
    - Celtic music in all its variety goes on living. It is true to its ancient musical traditions, modern groups only add some new sounding to original music.
    -  Celtic folk has integrated into modern Irish music and become popular.
Skilled bodhran players are highly prized by most traditional musicians.
Celtic musical traditions live in the music of modern folk groups


title: Презентация на тему: Celebrations

text:
The birth of a baby
A birthday
Finishing the school year
The New Year
Passing your driving test
Passing an exam
Retirement
A sports victory
A wedding
Winning an award
Winning a prize
First job
First salary
CELEBRATIONS


title: Презентация на тему: Celtic influence on the World culture

text:
Celtic influence on the World culture
Some famous people
Tom Cruise
Sean Connery
Daniel Baldwin
Ronald Reagan
History
The Celtic Tribes came
The British Isles about 800 AD
Languages
P-Celtic/Q-Celtic
Insular and Continental
Q-Celtic
P-Celtic
Insular
Modern Celts
The Celtic territories
The International Celtic Congress
The Celtic League
Dead languages:
Cornish
Manx
Mythology
Meadow
(the solar deity, the inventor of crafts)
st Patrick
(the heavenly patron of Ireland)
Wells
Celtic cross
Famous people
(1667-1745)
Irish satirist, poet, political pamphleteer
(1856-1950)
Irish playwright and co-founder of the London School of Economics
(1854-1900)
Irish writer and poet
Practical study
1) What European languages were Celtic languages close to?
2) Where in the world (apart from Europe) can you find Celtic language speakers?
5) What sports did they develop?
7) What festivals connected to Celtic culture do you know?
Conclusion
Celtic influence on the World culture


title: Презентация на тему: Cell phone and its influence on teens

text:
Cell phone and its influence on teens.
The project is done by: Kirill Borisov,                                                                                Marina Pavlovskaya,                                                                                Karolina Ferents .
To research the history, to show tangible relics of a remarkable past, a lengthy heritage etched in stone
To define the castles which attract people most
To introduce the history of the castles
To show and describe the pictures of the castles
Analyses
Illustrative
Comparisons
to find out some information about  history of cell phones.
to find out  the advantages and disadvantages of using cell phones.
to find out the negative and positive effects of cell phones in school.

to find out the importance of mobile phones in modern 7th-9th formers life.
And give the advice what can we do to prevent the effects if cell phone is dangerous.
to make a survey on the influence of cell phones  in teens life.
Most frequent users of mobile phones are teens.
Teachers are worried about negative effects of cell phones in school.
What is mobile phone for you?
What from your point of view is the future of mobile phones?
The main results
Emergence of mobile phones is losing good habits such as punctuality
Mobile phone addition is a big social problem
Symptoms caused by the radiation of mobile phones are one of the most argued problems
Cyber bulling is also another issue among the disadvantages of mobile phones.
It helps everyone in their daily life and its becomes a very essential part in our life.
Our advice


title: Презентация на тему: Центральная симметрия

text:
Подготовили ученики X «А» класса: Зацепина Екатерина,Павлова Юлия.
Центральная    симметрия.
     Центральная симметрия.
 Определение:
    Фигура называется симметричной относительно точки О, если для каждой точки фигуры симметричная ей точка относительно точки О также принадлежит этой фигуре. Точка О называется центром симметрии фигуры. Говорят также, что фигура обладает центральной симметрией.

 Приведём примеры фигур, обладающие центральной симметрией:     Простейшими фигурами, обладающими центральной симметрией, является окружность и параллелограмм.
Центром симметрии окружности является центр окружности,а центром симметрии параллелограмма - точка пересечения его диагоналей.

O

O

А
В
О

Две точки А и В называются симметричными относительно точки О, если О - середина отрезка АВ. Точка О считается симметричной самой себе.

  Например:
  На рисунке точки М и М1, N и N1 симметричны относительно точки О, а точки Р и Q не симметричны относительно этой точки.

М
М1
N
N1
О
Р
Q

        Центральная симметрия в прямоугольной системе координат:
     Если в прямоугольной системе координат точка А имеет координаты (x0;y0), то координаты (-x0;-y0) точки А1, симметричной точке А относительно начала координат, выражаются формулами
                                    x0 = -x0      y0 = -y0

у
х
0

А(x0;y0)
А1(-x0;-y0)
x0
-x0
y0
-y0
Центральная симметрии в прямоугольных трапециях:

О

     Центральная симметрия в квадратах:

О

Центральная симметрия в параллелограммах:

О

Центральная симметрия в шестиконечной звезде:

О

Точка О является центром симметрии, если при повороте вокруг точки О на 180° фигура переходит сама в себя.

О
180°
    Прямая также обладает центральной симметрией, однако в отличие от других фигур, которые имеют только один центр симметрии(точка О на рисунках), у прямой их бесконечно много - любая точка прямой является её центром симметрии. Примером фигуры, не имеющей центра симметрии, является треугольник.

А
В
С
       Применение на практике:           Примеры симметрии в растениях:
      Вопрос о симметрии в растениях возник ещё в 5 веке до н. э. На явление симметрии в живой природе обратили внимание в Древней Греции пифагорейцы в связи с развитием ими учения о гармонии. В 19 веке появлялись отдельные работы, касающиеся этой темы. А в 1961 году как результат многовековых исследований, посвященных поиску красоты и гармонии окружающей нас природы, появилась наука биосимметрика.
      Центральная симметрия характерна для различных плодов: голубика, черника, вишня, клюква. Рассмотрим разрез любой из этих ягод. В разрезе она представляет собой окружность, а окружность, как нам известно, имеет центр симметрии.Центральную симметрию можно наблюдать на изображении таких цветов как цветок одуванчика, цветок мать-и-мачехи, цветок кувшинки, сердцевина ромашки, а в некоторых случаях центральной симметрией обладает и изображение всего цветка ромашки. Её сердцевина представляет собой окружность, и поэтому центрально симметрична, так как мы знаем, что окружность имеет центр симметрии. Весь же цветок обладает центральной симметрией только в случае четного количества лепестков. В случае же нечетного количества лепестков, вспомните анютины глазки , он обладает только осевой.
Выводы:
По нашим наблюдениям, в любом растении можно найти какую-то его часть, обладающую осевой или центральной симметрией. Это могут быть листья, цветы, стебли, стволы деревьев, плоды, и более мелкие части, такие как сердцевина цветка, пестик, тычинки и другие.
Осевая симметрия присуща различным видам растений и грибам, и их частям.
Центральная симметрия наиболее характерна для плодов растений и некоторых цветов.

Ромашка
Анютины глазки
Центральная симметрия в архитектуре:
      Во второй половине XVIII - первой трети XIX века Петербург приобрёл воспетый А.С. Пушкиным “строгий, стройный вид”, который придала городу архитектура классицизма. Все здания, построенные в стиле классицизм, имеют четкие прямолинейные симметричные композиции. В начале XIX века по проекту А.Н. Воронихина было сооружено выдающееся произведение искусства – Казанский собор. Перед Казанским собором симметрично установлены памятники М.И. Кутузову и М.Б. Барклаю-де-Толли, полководцам, разгромившим армию Наполеона.
      Примером современных зданий, построенных в середине ХХ века, является гостиница “Прибалтийская”. Симметричность, как видно из чертежа присутствует как в общей композиции, так и в каждой из трех его составляющих:средняя часть – арка с куполом и пикой на вершине, два боковых крыла гостиницы.
 Выводы:
Принципы симметрии являются основополагающими для любого архитектора, но вопрос о соотношении между симметрией и асимметрией каждый архитектор решает по-разному. Асимметричное в целом сооружение может являть собой гармоническую композицию симметричных элементов.
Удачное решение определяется талантом зодчего, его художественным вкусом и его пониманием прекрасного. Прогуляйтесь по нашему городу и убедитесь, что удачных решений может быть очень много, но неизменным остается одно – стремление архитектора к гармонии, а это в той или иной степени связано с симметрией.

Гостиница «Прибалтийская»
Казанский собор
Центральная симметрия в зоологии:
           Рассмотрим, как связаны животный мир и симметрия.
     Центральная симметрия наиболее характерна для животных, ведущих подводный образ жизни.
    А также есть пример асимметричных животных: инфузория-туфелька и амёба
Выводы:
Симметрию живого существа определяет направление его движения. Для живых существ, для которых ведущим направлением является направление движения “вперед”, наиболее характерна осевая симметрия. Так как в этом направлении животные устремляются за пищей и в этом же спасаются от преследователей. А нарушение симметрии привело бы к торможению одной из сторон и превращению поступательного движения в круговое.
Центральная симметрия чаще встречается в форме животных, обитающих под водой.
Асимметрию можно наблюдать на примере простейших животных.
Лягушка
Паук
Бабочка
инфузория-туфелька и амёба
Центральная симметрия в транспорте:
        Центральная симметрия не совместима с формой наземного и подземного транспорта. Причиной этого служит его направление движения. При рассмотрении вида сверху трамвая, электровоза, телеги, мы видим, что ось симметрии проходит вдоль направления движения. Таким образом, центральную симметрию следует искать в воздушном и подводном транспорте, т. е. в таких видах, где направления: вперед, назад, вправо, влево, – равноценны.
       Один из таких видов транспорта – это воздушный шар.
       Другой пример воздушного транспорта – это парашют. Ученые относят его изобретение еще к 13 веку. На нашем чертеже мы представили вид сверху воздушного шара. Отметим, что он аналогичен виду сверху парашюта. Как мы видим, эта фигура центрально симметрична. О – центр симметрии.
      Дальнейшее развитие парашют получил в изобретении нашими учеными “надувного тормозного устройства”. Оно предназначено для спуска грузов и человека с орбиты. Надувное тормозное устройство представляет собой эластичную оболочку, наполняемую в космосе. Она имеет гибкую теплозащиту и дополнительную надувную оболочку. На базе него предполагается конструирование и спасательных устройств, которые могут использоваться, например, при пожаре в многоэтажных домах. Вид сверху этого устройства представляет собой круг. А круг, как мы знаем, не только обладает осевой симметрией, но и центральной. Центр симметрии совпадает с центром круга.

Выводы:
Вид сверху и вид спереди различных видов транспорта обладает либо центральной, либо осевой симметрией.
Для наземного вида транспорта в большей степени характерна осевая симметрия. Причиной этого является направление его движения.
Центральная симметрия чаще встречается в форме воздушного и подводного транспорта, для которого направления: вправо, влево, вперед, назад, – равноценны.
Модели транспорта будущего в той же степени, что и модели настоящего и прошлого обладают различными видами.
Надувное тормозное устройство
Капсула поезда
Парашют (вид сверху)

А также с симметрией мы часто встречаемся в искусстве, архитектуре, технике, быту. В большинстве случаев симметричны относительно центра узоры на коврах, тканях, комнатных обоях.
    Симметричны многие детали механизмов, например зубчатые колёса.
Аксиомы стереометрии и планиметрии
Подготовила: ученица Х «А» класса Зацепина Екатерина.
Аксиомы стереометрии.
 Аксиома 1(С1):
   Какова бы ни была плоскость, существуют точки, принадлежащие этой плоскости, и точки, не принадлежащие ей.

  А   α , В   α

α
Α

в
Э
Э

 Аксиома 2(С2):
   Если две различные плоскости имеют общую точку, то они пересекаются по одной прямой, проходящей через эту точку.

β

α
А   α
А   β

Э
Э
}

α   β = m
U
m

А
 Аксиома 3(С3):
    Если две различные прямые имеют общую точку, то через них можно провести плоскость, и притом только одну.
a    b = d
a, b, d    α
U
Э

d
α
в
a

Аксиомы планиметрии.
 Аксиома I:
    Какова бы не была прямая, существуют точки, принадлежащие этой прямой, и точки, не принадлежащие ей. Через любые две точки можно провести прямую, и только одну.
А   α , В   α
Э
Э

А
В

А,В=α
α
α

А
В

 Аксиома II:
Из трёх точек на прямой одна и только одна лежит между двумя другими.

А
В
С
 Аксиома III:
    Каждый отрезок имеет определённую длину, большую нуля. Длина отрезка равна сумме длин частей, на которые он разбивается любой его точкой.

А
В
АВ  > 0

 Аксиома III:
    Каждый отрезок имеет определённую длину, большую нуля. Длина отрезка равна сумме длин частей, на которые он разбивается любой его точкой.

А
В
АC + CВ  > 0
C

 Аксиома III:
    Каждый отрезок имеет определённую длину, большую нуля. Длина отрезка равна сумме длин частей, на которые он разбивается любой его точкой.

А
В
АC+CВ  > 0
C

 Аксиома IV:
Прямая, принадлежащая плоскости, разбивает эту плоскость на две полуплоскости: β и φ

β
α
φ
 Аксиома V:
Каждый угол имеет определённую градусную меру, большую нуля. Развёрнутый угол равен 180  . Градусная мера угла равна сумме, градусных мер углов,на которые он разбивается любым лучом, проходящим между его сторонами.

180

В
А
 Аксиома VI:
На любой полупрямой от её начальной точки можно отложить отрезок заданной длины, и только один.

А
В
АВ   α
Э

 Аксиома VII:
От полупрямой на содержащей её плоскости в заданную полуплоскость можно отложить угол с заданной градусной мерой, меньшей 180, и только один.            φ = 45°< 180°

α
b

φ=45°
Аксиома VIII:
Каков бы ни был треугольник, существует равный ему треугольник в данной плоскости в заданном расположении относительно данной полупрямой в этой плоскости.

α
а
А
В
С
А1
В1
С1
 Аксиома IX:
На плоскости через данную точку, не лежащую на данной прямой, можно провести не более одной прямой, параллельной данной.

А
α
β
φ

B
 Аксиома 1(С1):
   Какова бы ни была плоскость, существуют точки, принадлежащие этой плоскости, и точки, не принадлежащие ей.

  А   α , В   α

α
Α

в
Э
Э

 Аксиома I:
    Какова бы не была прямая, существуют точки, принадлежащие этой прямой, и точки, не принадлежащие ей. Через любые две точки можно провести прямую, и только одну.
А   α , В   α
Э
Э

А
В

А,В=α
α
α

А
В


title: Презентация на тему: Центр изучения иностранных языков Компании “Golden Staff”

text:
 Power Base
 In Company
 Intelligent Business
 Market Leader
 Business one to one
 BEC (Business English Certificate)
 Commercial correspondence
 Business Grammar in use
 Business vocabulary in use
Oxford Handbook of Legal Correspondence
 Business Law (Market Leader)
 Legal strategies for the Insurance industry
 American Legal English
 Legal Correspondence-Oxford Handbook
   English for Accounting (Oxford)
   English for Accountancy (New York) Tax &
     Taxation
   International Accounting Standards
   Banking & Finance
 English for Human Resources
 Personnal - Longman
 English for Customer Care (Delta Publishing)
 Be My Guest (Cambridge University Press)
 Ready to Order (Longman)
 English for Custimer Care(Oxford )


title: Презентация на тему: Центр корпоративного обучения

text:
www.cambridge-centre.ru
www.cambridge-centre.ru
www.cambridge-centre.ru
www.cambridge-centre.ru
www.cambridge-centre.ru

www.cambridge-centre.ru

www.cambridge-centre.ru
FCE  CAE  BEC
www.cambridge-centre.ru
210-10- 41, 210-20-97
www.cambridge-centre.ru


title: Презентация на тему: Celebrities

text:
Celebrities
«A celebrity is a person who works hard all his life to become well known, and then wears dark glasses to avoid being recognized.» Fred Allen

«There is only one thing worse than being talked about, and than is not being talked about.» Oscar Wilde
Why do we want to hear bad news about famous people more than good news? In what ways are celebrities unreal?
What do you understand by «reality TV»? Are there TV programmes in your country like the ones described in the article? What are they like?
What is the mentality of stalkers? What makes someone want to kill the object of their obsession?
2 categories of fame
Some are born famous (like royalty).

Some achieve fame (like film stars).

What are they famous for?
Dima Bilan (Viktor Nikolaevich Belan, 24 December 1981 in Ust-Dzheguta, Karachay-Cherkessia) is a Russian actor and pop singer.
When he was two years old, his family moved to his grandmother’s place in the city of Naberezhnye Chelny in Tatarstan. When he was six years old, his family moved to Kabardino-Balkaria where he went to school with his sister.
Bilan made his debut when he reached fourth place at the Russian/Latvian festival "New Wave" in 2002.In 2003, Bilan released his debut album titled Nochnoy Huligan (Night Hooligan).

He graduated from Gnesins Musical College as a classical vocal performer.
   In December 2005, Bilan received two golden gramophones for the song "Ty dolzjna ryadom byt'" (The Russian version of "Not That Simple", actually meaning "You should be beside me") in Saint Petersburg and Almaty.
In the middle of March 2006, Bilan was chosen internally by the Russian broadcaster Channel One to represent Russia at the Eurovision Song Contest, that year in Athens, Greece. Out of 37 participating countries, Bilan took second place with the dark pop song "Never Let You Go”.
In 2008, Bilan once again represented Russia in the Eurovision Song Contest with the song "Believe", accompanied by Hungarian violinist Edvin Marton and Russian olympic and three-time world champion figure skater Evgeni Plushenko. On 24 May 2008, Bilan won first place in the contest, receiving 272 points and seven twelves. His victory's integrity was questioned by Ukraine's officials later in May.
In the Summer of 2010, Bilan produced and starred in the short film “Theatre of the Absurd”.
Robert Douglas Thomas Pattinson(born 13 May 1986) is an English actor, model, musician, and producer.
Pattinson began modelling when he was twelve years old, but the number of jobs began to decrease only four years later. In December 2008 he blamed the lack of work as a model on his masculine appearance.
Pattinson plays guitar and piano, and composes his own music. He also appears as the singer of two songs on the Twilight soundtrack: "Never Think", which he co-wrote with Sam Bradley, and "Let Me Sign", which was written by Marcus Foster and Bobby Long.
Pattinson had supporting roles in the made for television film Ring of the Nibelungs in 2004. In 2005 he played Cedric Diggory in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. For this role he was named that year's British Star of Tomorrow by The Times.
Pattinson played Edward Cullen in the film Twilight, based on Stephenie Meyer's best-selling novel of the same name, which was released on 21 November 2008 in North America.
In 2010, Pattinson executively produced and starred in the film Remember Me, which was released on 12 March 2010.
He reprised his role as Edward Cullen in the Twilight sequels The Twilight Saga: New Moon, The Twilight Saga: Eclipse, which was released 30 June 2010 and The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn, which was released 17 November 2011.
Not only people can be celebrities. Their recipe for success.


title: Презентация на тему: центральный парк

text:
Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico is an unincorporated territory of the United States, located in the northeastern Caribbean east of the Dominican Republic and west of both the United States Virgin Islands and the British Virgin Islands.
Languages
Flag of Puerto Rico
Coat of Arms of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico
Motto:

"Joannes Est Nomen Eius" (Latin)

"Juan es su nombre" (Spanish)

"John is his name"
Puerto Rico on the globe
Anthem: La Borinqueña
Famous People from Puerto Rico
Robert Downey,              an actor
Jennifer Lopez, a singer
Orlando Cruz
The End
The authors and creative producersViktoriya Gribovskaya
OlgaDemchuk


title: Презентация на тему: Центр английского языка

text:
900igr.net
.


title: Презентация на тему: Central banking system and its functions

text:
Central banking systemand its functions
Contents
Definition

Main functions

Currency issuance

Naming of central banks

Policy instruments

Conclusion
Central bank
Monetary authority of a country granted the

   exclusive privilege to lend a government its

   currency.
Main functions
implementing monetary policy

controlling money supply

money issuance

setting the official interest rate
Currency issuance
Exclusive privilege of a central bank
Examples of naming
Bank of country
National bank of
Reserve bank of
Central banking systemand its functions
Contents
Definition

Main functions

Currency issuance

Naming of central banks

Main policy instruments

Conclusion
Central bank
Monetary authority of a country granted the

   exclusive privilege to lend a government its

   currency.
Main functions
implementing monetary policy

controlling money supply

money issuance

setting the official interest rate
Currency issuance
Exclusive privilege of a central bank
Examples of naming
Main policy instruments
Open market operations

Reserve require ratio

Interest rate policy
Open market operations
Do not require the immediate printing of new currency

Most frequently used tool of central bank
Central banking systemand its functions
Contents
Definition

Main functions

Currency issuance

Naming of central banks

Main policy instruments

Conclusion
Central bank
Monetary authority of a country granted the

   exclusive privilege to lend a government its

   currency.
Main functions
implementing monetary policy

controlling money supply

money issuance

setting the official interest rate
Currency issuance
Exclusive privilege of a central bank
Examples of naming
Main policy instruments
Open market operations

Reserve require ratio

Discount rate policy
Open market operations
Do not require the immediate printing of new currency

Most frequently used tool of central bank
Required reserve ratio
Discount rate policy
Affect the balance between demand and supply

Taken into account before starting business
Conclusion
Central bank system becomes the most important mean of economy policy in crisis period
Thank you for your attention.
Manto Alexander
Budget and Treasury
   Academy in Moscow
2009
Central banking systemand its functions
Contents
Definition

Main functions

Currency issuance

Naming of central banks

Main policy instruments

Conclusion
Central bank
Monetary authority of a country granted the

   exclusive privilege to lend a government its

   currency.
Main functions
implementing monetary policy

controlling money supply

money issuance

setting the official interest rate
Currency issuance
Exclusive privilege of a central bank
Examples of naming
Main policy instruments
Open market operations

Reserve require ratio

Discount rate policy
Open market operations
Do not require the immediate printing of new currency

Most frequently used tool of central bank
Required reserve ratio
Discount rate policy
Affect the balance between demand and supply

Taken into account before starting business
Conclusion
Central bank system becomes the most important mean of economy policy in crisis period
Thank you for your attention.
Manto Alexander
Budget and Treasury
   Academy in Moscow
2009
Bank of country
National bank of
Reserve bank of
Central banking systemand its functions
Contents
Definition

Main functions

Currency issuance

Naming of central banks

Main policy instruments

Conclusion
Central bank
Monetary authority of a country granted the

   exclusive privilege to lend a government its

   currency.
Main functions
implementing monetary policy

controlling money supply

money issuance

setting the official interest rate
Currency issuance
Exclusive privilege of a central bank
Examples of naming
Main policy instruments
Open market operations

Reserve require ratio

Discount rate policy
Open market operations
Do not require the immediate printing of new currency

Most frequently used tool of central bank
Required reserve ratio
Discount rate policy
Affect the balance between demand and supply

Taken into account before starting business
Conclusion
Central bank system becomes the most important mean of economy policy in crisis period
Thank you for your attention.
Manto Alexander
Budget and Treasury
   Academy in Moscow
2009
Bank of country
National bank of
Reserve bank of
Central banking systemand its functions
Contents
Definition

Main functions

Currency issuance

Naming of central banks

Main policy instruments

Conclusion
Central bank
Monetary authority of a country granted the

   exclusive privilege to lend a government its

   currency.
Main functions
implementing monetary policy

controlling money supply

money issuance

setting the official interest rate
Currency issuance
Exclusive privilege of a central bank
Examples of naming
Main policy instruments
Open market operations

Reserve require ratio

Discount rate policy
Open market operations
Do not require the immediate printing of new currency

Most frequently used tool of central bank
Required reserve ratio
Discount rate policy
Affect the balance between demand and supply

Taken into account before starting business
Conclusion
Central bank system becomes the most important mean of economy policy in crisis period
Thank you for your attention.
Manto Alexander
Budget and Treasury
   Academy in Moscow
2009
Central banking systemand its functions
Contents
Definition

Main functions

Currency issuance

Naming of central banks

Main policy instruments

Conclusion
Central bank
Monetary authority of a country granted the

   exclusive privilege to lend a government its

   currency.
Main functions
implementing monetary policy

controlling money supply

money issuance

setting the official interest rate
Currency issuance
Exclusive privilege of a central bank
Examples of naming
Main policy instruments
Open market operations

Reserve require ratio

Discount rate policy
Open market operations
Do not require the immediate printing of new currency

Most frequently used tool of central bank
Required reserve ratio
Discount rate policy
Affect the balance between demand and supply

Taken into account before starting business
Conclusion
Central bank system becomes the most important mean of economy policy in crisis period
Thank you for your attention.
Manto Alexander
Budget and Treasury
   Academy in Moscow
2009
Central banking systemand its functions
Contents
Definition

Main functions

Currency issuance

Naming of central banks

Main policy instruments

Conclusion
Central bank
Monetary authority of a country granted the

   exclusive privilege to lend a government its

   currency.
Main functions
implementing monetary policy

controlling money supply

money issuance

setting the official interest rate
Currency issuance
Exclusive privilege of a central bank
Examples of naming
Main policy instruments
Open market operations

Reserve require ratio

Discount rate policy
Open market operations
Do not require the immediate printing of new currency

Most frequently used tool of central bank
Required reserve ratio
Discount rate policy
Affect the balance between demand and supply

Taken into account before starting business
Conclusion
Central bank system becomes the most important mean of economy policy in crisis period
Thank you for your attention.
Manto Alexander
Budget and Treasury
   Academy in Moscow
2009
Central banking systemand its functions
Contents
Definition

Main functions

Currency issuance

Naming of central banks

Main policy instruments

Conclusion
Central bank
Monetary authority of a country granted the

   exclusive privilege to lend a government its

   currency.
Main functions
implementing monetary policy

controlling money supply

money issuance

setting the official interest rate
Currency issuance
Exclusive privilege of a central bank
Examples of naming
Main policy instruments
Open market operations

Reserve require ratio

Discount rate policy
Open market operations
Do not require the immediate printing of new currency

Most frequently used tool of central bank
Required reserve ratio
Discount rate policy
Affect the balance between demand and supply

Taken into account before starting business
Conclusion
Central bank system becomes the most important mean of economy policy in crisis period
Thank you for your attention.
Manto Alexander
Budget and Treasury
   Academy in Moscow
2009
Central banking systemand its functions
Contents
Definition

Main functions

Currency issuance

Naming of central banks

Main policy instruments

Conclusion
Central bank
Monetary authority of a country granted the

   exclusive privilege to lend a government its

   currency.
Main functions
controlling money supply

money issuance

setting the official interest rate

implementing monetary policy
Currency issuance
Exclusive privilege of a central bank
Examples of naming
Main policy instruments
Open market operations

Reserve require ratio

Discount rate policy
Open market operations
Do not require the immediate printing of new currency

Most frequently used tool of central bank
Required reserve ratio
Discount rate policy
Affect the balance between demand and supply

Taken into account before starting business
Conclusion
Central bank system becomes the most important mean of economy policy in crisis period
Thank you for your attention.
Manto Alexander
Budget and Treasury
   Academy in Moscow
2009
Central banking systemand its functions
Contents
Definition

Main functions

Currency issuance

Naming of central banks

Main policy instruments

Conclusion
Central bank
Monetary authority of a country granted the

   exclusive privilege to lend a government its

   currency.
Main functions
controlling money supply

money issuance

setting the official interest rate

implementing monetary policy
Currency issuance
Exclusive privilege of a central bank
Examples of naming
Main policy instruments
Open market operations

Reserve require ratio

Discount rate policy
Open market operations
Do not require the immediate printing of new currency

Most frequently used tool of central bank
Required reserve ratio
Discount rate policy
Affect the balance between demand and supply

Taken into account before starting business
Conclusion
Central bank system becomes the most important mean of economy policy in crisis period
Thank you for your attention.