---
language:
  - gl
pretty_name: GalCoLA
license: cc-by-4.0
task_categories:
  - text-classification
task_ids:
  - acceptability-classification
tags:
  - galician
  - grammar
  - acceptability
  - cola
  - syntax
  - evaluation
  - nlp
size_categories:
  - 10K<n<100K
configs:
  - config_name: default
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: "train.tsv"
      - split: validation
        path: "dev.tsv"
      - split: test
        path: "test.tsv"
---

# GalCoLA

## Dataset Summary

GalCoLA is a Galician grammatical acceptability dataset in TSV format. It is designed for sentence-level binary classification, where each sentence is labeled as grammatically correct or grammatically incorrect.

The dataset brings together CoLA-style adaptations of Galician materials from two previous research settings:

- targeted syntactic evaluation datasets from **PROPOR 2022**
- control dependency datasets from **ACL 2023**

GalCoLA contains **17,088 sentences** in total.

## Dataset Structure

The dataset is distributed in **TSV format** and includes three splits:

- `train`
- `validation`
- `test`

Each row contains the following columns:

- `paper_id`: identifier of the source publication or experimental setting
- `source_type`: identifier of the source subset or linguistic phenomenon
- `source_id`: identifier of the original example
- `condition`: sentence condition  
  - `a` = grammatically correct
  - `b` = grammatically incorrect
- `sentence`: sentence in Galician
- `label`: binary acceptability label  
  - `1` = grammatically correct
  - `0` = grammatically incorrect

### Example

| paper_id | source_type | source_id | condition | sentence | label |
|----------|-------------|-----------|-----------|----------|------:|
| PROPOR2022 | PER_1 | 1 | a | Cociñei o peixe para o comeres tu. | 1 |
| PROPOR2022 | NUM_7545 | 3773 | a | Os nenos que xogaban onte alí coa outra cativa presentan mal o acto. | 1 |
| PROPOR2022 | NUM_4719 | 2360 | a | As rapazas que xogaban onte alí teñen fame. | 1 |

## Dataset Creation

GalCoLA combines materials adapted to a CoLA-style acceptability format from two main sources.

### PROPOR 2022 (A Targeted Assessment of the Syntactic Abilities of Transformer Models for Galician-Portuguese)

This part of the dataset comes from targeted syntactic evaluation materials for Galician. It includes controlled examples focused on:

- gender agreement
- number agreement
- person agreement

The original evaluation items were converted into sentence-level acceptability pairs, where one sentence is grammatically correct and the other is incorrect.

Total number of rows from this source: **15,552**.

### ACL 2023 (Dependency resolution at the syntax-semantics interface: psycholinguistic and computational insights on control dependencies)

This part of the dataset comes from experiments on control dependencies in Galician. It includes acceptability materials based on:

- proper names
- pronouns

These materials were also adapted into a CoLA-style binary classification format.

Total number of rows from this source: **1,536**.

## Dataset Statistics

- PROPOR 2022 adaptation: **15,552**
- ACL 2023 adaptation: **1,536**
- **Total**: **17,088**

## Labels

| Label | Meaning |
|------:|---------|
| 0 | grammatically incorrect |
| 1 | grammatically correct |

## Intended Uses

GalCoLA can be used for:

- grammatical acceptability classification in Galician
- evaluation of syntactic agreement phenomena
- probing morphosyntactic abilities of language models
- low-resource NLP research for Galician

## Limitations

- The dataset is focused on targeted grammatical phenomena and does not cover all types of acceptability judgments in Galician.
- Many examples are controlled or semi-synthetic adaptations derived from experimental materials.
- The dataset is mainly intended for evaluation and analysis rather than broad-coverage training.

## License

GalCoLA is released under the **Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)** license.

Users are free to share and adapt the material, provided that appropriate credit is given to the original source.

## Usage

Example with `datasets`:

```python
from datasets import load_dataset

ds = load_dataset("proxectonos/galcola")
print(ds["train"][0])
print(ds["validation"][0])
print(ds["test"][0])
```
## Acknowledgements 

This dataset was compiled within the Nós Project, funded by the Ministerio para la Transformación Digital y de la Función Pública - Funded by EU – NextGenerationEU within the framework of the project ILENIA with reference 2022/TL22/00215336.

## Citation

If you use this dataset, please cite the original sources.

```bibtex
@inproceedings{garcia-crespo2022-targeted,
  title = {A Targeted Assessment of the Syntactic Abilities of Transformer Models for Galician-Portuguese},
  author = {Garcia, Marcos and Crespo-Otero, Alfredo},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on the Computational Processing of Portuguese (PROPOR 2022)},
  year = {2022},
  publisher = {Springer Nature},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence}
}

@inproceedings{de-dios-flores-etal-2023-control,
  author = {de-Dios-Flores, Iria and García Amboage, Juan Pablo and Garcia, Marcos},
  title = {Dependency resolution at the syntax-semantics interface: psycholinguistic and computational insights on control dependencies},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 61st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2023}
}
```