During a period of more than 150 years leading up to the arrival of German crusaders in the region, Estonia was attacked thirteen times by Russian principalities, and by Denmark and Sweden as well.
在德意志十字军到来之前一个超过150年的时期，爱沙尼亚曾被數個俄罗斯人的親王国攻击13次，也曾被丹麦和瑞典攻击。