Emigration depressed death rates in some special cases (for example, Europe and particularly the Eastern United States during the 19th century), but, overall, death rates tended to match birth rates, often exceeding 40 per 1000 per year.
移民在某些特殊情况下降低了死亡率(例如，19世纪的欧洲，特别是美国东部) ，但总体而言，死亡率往往与出生率相当，每年往往超过40% 。