Up until the middle of the 19th century, there were no organized and well-established army nursing systems for casualties and no safe and protected institutions to accommodate and treat those who were wounded on the battlefield.
直至19世纪中叶，对于伤亡人员，仍然缺乏一个有组织且健全的军队护理体系，也没有任何安全且受保护的机构来收容并治疗战场上的伤者。