If competitors' products are not interoperable (due to causes such as patents, trade secrets or coordination failures), the result may well be monopoly or market failure.
假如竞争者的产品不具备互操作性（因为专利权< patents >、商业秘密< trade secrets >、协调障碍< coordination failures >），其结果很可能就是垄断（monopoly）或者市场衰退（market failure）。