Guenter Lewy writes that "practically all interpreters of Gökalp's thought stress that his notion of Turan or Turanism did not involve any expansionist plans".
京特·莱维（英语：Guenter Lewy）写道“几乎所有的格卡尔普思想诠释者都强调他所谓的图兰或图兰主义并不涉及任何扩张计划”。