Such non-merger practices include horizontal restraints, involving agreements between direct competitors, and vertical restraints, involving agreements among businesses at different levels in the same industry (such as suppliers and commercial buyers).
这种非并购做法包括horizontal restraints、涉及与直接竞争对手的协议，以及vertical restraints（英语：vertical restraints）、涉及同一行业不同层次企业（如供应商与商业买家）的协议。