James Madison, then a member of the House of Representatives, argued that the treaty could not, under Constitutional law, take effect without approval of the House, since it regulated commerce and exercised legislative powers granted to Congress.
当时众议院议员詹姆斯·麦迪逊认为，根据宪法，该条约未经众议院批准就不能生效，因为它规制商业并行使授予国会的立法权。