After the reunification of Russia and the Ukraine in 1654, Kaluga's role as a trade intermediary between Moscow and the Ukraine contributed also to its economic development.
俄罗斯和乌克兰1654年统一之后卡卢加成为了莫斯科和乌克兰之间贸易的中介者, 大大促进了进一步经济发展。