He is credited as the architect and first leader of a partisan political machine in Atlantic City, and he held great control over the city from the late 1800s until his imprisonment in 1911.
他被認為是大西洋城的建築設計師和黨派性政治機器（英语：Political machine）的第一位領導人，而他從1800年代後期深切控制這個城市，直到他在1911年被監禁為止。