Gregory Bateson defined information as "a difference that makes a difference". which is based on Donald M. MacKay: information is a distinction that makes a difference.
格雷戈里·贝特森将信息定义为：“产生差异的区分”（"a difference that makes a difference"），这个概念基于唐纳德·麦凯的定义：信息是可区分的差异（information is a distinction that makes a difference）。