In The Cambridge History of China, historian Lloyd Eastman asserted that the death toll was "at least 42,000", whereas military officer Frank Dorn wrote in his book The Sino-Japanese War, 1937-41 that the death toll was "over 200,000 civilians".
在《剑桥中国史》中，历史学家劳埃德·伊士曼（Lloyd Eastman）称死亡人数“至少4.2万”，而军官弗兰克·多恩（Frank Dorn）在他的著作《中日战争，1937-41》中写道有“超过20万平民”死亡。