From this perspective, organized crime is not a modern phenomenon - the construction of 17th and 18th century crime gangs fulfill all the present day criteria of criminal organizations (in opposition to the Alien Conspiracy Theory).
从这个视角出发，黑社会不是个现代社会才出现的现象——十七和十八世纪的犯罪帮派完全符合当代社会定义黑社会的标准(与外星人阴谋论相反)。