Gerard of Feltre's 13th-century text Summa on the Stars demonstrates the problem that astrological determinism creates for the theological argument: "If the stars make a man a murderer or a thief, then all the more it is the first cause, God, who does this, which it is shameful to suggest".
費爾特雷的杰拉德（Gerard of Feltre）之十三世紀的文獻《星宿知識大全》（Summa on the Stars）為神學上的論據說明占星術決定論所造成的問題：“假使星宿造成一個人為兇手或小偷，那麼祂則更加是第一因，上帝，祂做了這個，這乃是可恥的建議（If the stars make a man a murderer or a thief, then all the more it is the first cause, God, who does this, which it is shameful to suggest）”。