However, in December 1963, in the events known as "Bloody Christmas", when Makarios III attempted to modify the Constitution, Greek Cypriots initiated a military campaign against the Turkish Cypriots and began to attack Turkish inhabited villages; by early 1964, the Turkish Cypriots started to withdraw into armed enclaves where the Greek Cypriots blockaded them, resulting in some 25,000 Turkish Cypriots becoming refugees, or internally "displaced persons".
然而，在1963年12月，被稱為“血腥聖誕”的土希衝突事件，馬卡里奧斯三世試圖修改憲法，希臘裔塞浦路斯人發起對土耳其裔塞浦路斯人的軍事行動，並開始攻擊土族塞人居住的村莊;到1964年年初，土族塞人開始退縮到武裝的飛地，其中希族塞人封鎖了他們，造成大約25,000土族塞人淪為難民，或國內“流離失所者”。