README.md

---
license: cc-by-4.0
pretty_name: "Constellation TLEs -- 18 Satellite Constellations"
language:
  - en
description: "Daily TLE snapshots for 18 satellite constellations (2,070 satellites) from CelesTrak. Covers GNSS, LEO broadband, GEO comms, and Earth observation fleets."
task_categories:
  - tabular-regression
tags:
  - space
  - open-data
  - tabular-data
  - parquet
  - satellite
  - tle
  - orbital-mechanics
  - celestrak
  - sgp4
  - gnss
  - gps
  - galileo
  - beidou
  - glonass
  - oneweb
  - iridium
  - constellation
size_categories:
  - 1K<n<10K
configs:
  - config_name: oneweb
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/oneweb.parquet
    default: true
  - config_name: kuiper
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/kuiper.parquet
  - config_name: qianfan
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/qianfan.parquet
  - config_name: hulianwang
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/hulianwang.parquet
  - config_name: iridium
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/iridium.parquet
  - config_name: globalstar
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/globalstar.parquet
  - config_name: orbcomm
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/orbcomm.parquet
  - config_name: planet
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/planet.parquet
  - config_name: spire
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/spire.parquet
  - config_name: gps
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/gps.parquet
  - config_name: galileo
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/galileo.parquet
  - config_name: beidou
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/beidou.parquet
  - config_name: sbas
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/sbas.parquet
  - config_name: ses
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/ses.parquet
  - config_name: intelsat
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/intelsat.parquet
  - config_name: eutelsat
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/eutelsat.parquet
  - config_name: telesat
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/telesat.parquet
---

# Constellation TLEs -- 18 Satellite Constellations

<div align="center">
  <img src="banner.jpg" alt="An orbital sunrise illuminates the Earth's atmosphere, seen from the ISS" width="400">
  <p><em>Credit: NASA</em></p>
</div>

*Part of the [Orbital Mechanics Datasets](https://huggingface.co/collections/juliensimon/orbital-mechanics-datasets-69c24caca4ab3934c9856994) collection on Hugging Face.*

## Dataset description

Daily Two-Line Element (TLE) snapshots for 18 satellite constellations sourced from CelesTrak. Covers GNSS navigation (GPS, Galileo, BeiDou, GLONASS, SBAS), LEO broadband (OneWeb, Kuiper, Qianfan, Hulianwang), LEO communications (Iridium, Globalstar, ORBCOMM), Earth observation (Planet Labs, Spire Global), and GEO communications (SES, Intelsat, Eutelsat, Telesat).

Two-Line Element sets (TLEs) are the standard format for representing satellite orbital elements, developed by NORAD and used universally with the SGP4/SDP4 propagation model. This dataset provides daily-fresh TLEs for every major non-Starlink constellation in orbit, organized by operator for easy access.

Raw .tle files are provided alongside Parquet for maximum compatibility: orbit propagation libraries like python-sgp4, orekit, and STK consume the standard three-line TLE format directly. Because TLE accuracy degrades rapidly (especially for LEO objects), daily updates are essential for operational applications.

Starlink TLEs are published separately in starlink-tle-latest due to the constellation's size (7,000+ satellites).

## Constellations

| Constellation | Operator | Orbit | Satellites |
|---------------|----------|-------|----------:|
| OneWeb | Eutelsat OneWeb | LEO | 651 |
| Kuiper | Amazon | LEO | 391 |
| Qianfan (G60) | Shanghai Spacecom | LEO | 238 |
| Hulianwang (GuoWang) | China SatNet | LEO | 182 |
| Iridium NEXT | Iridium | LEO | 80 |
| Globalstar | Globalstar | LEO | 28 |
| ORBCOMM | ORBCOMM | LEO | 14 |
| Planet Labs | Planet Labs | LEO | 116 |
| Spire Global | Spire Global | LEO | 92 |
| GPS (NAVSTAR) | USSF | MEO | 40 |
| Galileo | EU/ESA | MEO | 49 |
| BeiDou | CNSA | MEO/GEO | 56 |
| SBAS | Various | GEO | 6 |
| SES | SES | GEO | 69 |
| Intelsat | Intelsat | GEO | 26 |
| Eutelsat | Eutelsat | GEO | 28 |
| Telesat | Telesat | GEO/LEO | 4 |

**Total: 2,070 satellites** -- 1,792 LEO, 145 MEO, 133 GEO

## Raw TLE files

For applications that consume standard 3-line TLE format (e.g., SGP4 propagators):

- [`data/oneweb.tle`](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/constellation-tle-latest/resolve/main/data/oneweb.tle) -- OneWeb
- [`data/kuiper.tle`](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/constellation-tle-latest/resolve/main/data/kuiper.tle) -- Kuiper
- [`data/qianfan.tle`](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/constellation-tle-latest/resolve/main/data/qianfan.tle) -- Qianfan (G60)
- [`data/hulianwang.tle`](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/constellation-tle-latest/resolve/main/data/hulianwang.tle) -- Hulianwang (GuoWang)
- [`data/iridium.tle`](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/constellation-tle-latest/resolve/main/data/iridium.tle) -- Iridium NEXT
- [`data/globalstar.tle`](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/constellation-tle-latest/resolve/main/data/globalstar.tle) -- Globalstar
- [`data/orbcomm.tle`](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/constellation-tle-latest/resolve/main/data/orbcomm.tle) -- ORBCOMM
- [`data/planet.tle`](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/constellation-tle-latest/resolve/main/data/planet.tle) -- Planet Labs
- [`data/spire.tle`](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/constellation-tle-latest/resolve/main/data/spire.tle) -- Spire Global
- [`data/gps.tle`](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/constellation-tle-latest/resolve/main/data/gps.tle) -- GPS (NAVSTAR)
- [`data/galileo.tle`](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/constellation-tle-latest/resolve/main/data/galileo.tle) -- Galileo
- [`data/beidou.tle`](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/constellation-tle-latest/resolve/main/data/beidou.tle) -- BeiDou
- [`data/sbas.tle`](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/constellation-tle-latest/resolve/main/data/sbas.tle) -- SBAS
- [`data/ses.tle`](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/constellation-tle-latest/resolve/main/data/ses.tle) -- SES
- [`data/intelsat.tle`](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/constellation-tle-latest/resolve/main/data/intelsat.tle) -- Intelsat
- [`data/eutelsat.tle`](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/constellation-tle-latest/resolve/main/data/eutelsat.tle) -- Eutelsat
- [`data/telesat.tle`](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/constellation-tle-latest/resolve/main/data/telesat.tle) -- Telesat


## Schema (all configs)

| Column | Type | Description |
|--------|------|-------------|
| `norad_cat_id` | `int64` | NORAD catalog number -- unique integer assigned by US Space Command to every tracked object |
| `name` | `string` | Satellite name as listed in Space-Track (e.g., 'STARLINK-1234', 'ONEWEB-0012', 'NAVSTAR 78') |
| `constellation` | `string` | Constellation identifier (e.g., 'starlink', 'oneweb', 'planet', 'galileo') |
| `line1` | `string` | TLE line 1 (69 characters): satellite number, classification, epoch, first/second derivative of mean motion, BSTAR drag term, element set number |
| `line2` | `string` | TLE line 2 (69 characters): inclination, RAAN, eccentricity, argument of perigee, mean anomaly, mean motion (rev/day); use with SGP4 propagator |
| `epoch_utc` | `timestamp[ns, tz=UTC]` | TLE reference epoch in UTC; elements are most accurate within +/-1-2 days of this time |

## Quick stats

- **2,070** satellites across **17** constellations
- **1,792** LEO + **145** MEO + **133** GEO
- Snapshot: 2026-09-13 10:29 UTC

## Usage

```python
from datasets import load_dataset

# Load a specific constellation
gps = load_dataset("juliensimon/constellation-tle-latest", "gps", split="train")
oneweb = load_dataset("juliensimon/constellation-tle-latest", "oneweb", split="train")

# Use with sgp4 library for orbit propagation
from sgp4.api import Satrec
sat = Satrec.twoline2rv(gps[0]["line1"], gps[0]["line2"])

# Load all GNSS constellations
import pandas as pd
gnss = pd.concat([
    load_dataset("juliensimon/constellation-tle-latest", c, split="train").to_pandas()
    for c in ["gps", "galileo", "beidou", "glonass", "sbas"]
])
print(f"{len(gnss)} GNSS satellites")

# Compare constellation sizes with matplotlib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
sizes = {}
for config in ["oneweb", "iridium", "planet", "spire", "gps"]:
    ds = load_dataset("juliensimon/constellation-tle-latest", config, split="train")
    sizes[config] = len(ds)
plt.bar(sizes.keys(), sizes.values())
plt.ylabel("Satellites")
plt.title("Constellation Sizes")
plt.show()
```

## Data source

[CelesTrak](https://celestrak.org/) (Dr. T.S. Kelso), mirroring NORAD/18th Space
Defense Squadron data. No authentication required.

## Update schedule

Daily at 05:30 UTC via [GitHub Actions](https://github.com/juliensimon/space-datasets).

## Related datasets

- [juliensimon/starlink-tle-latest](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/starlink-tle-latest) -- Daily Starlink + GPS TLEs
- [juliensimon/space-track-tle-history](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/space-track-tle-history) -- 238M+ historical TLEs (1959-present)
- [juliensimon/constellation-census](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/constellation-census) -- Parsed orbital elements with status classification
- [juliensimon/space-track-satcat](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/space-track-satcat) -- Complete NORAD satellite catalog
- [juliensimon/ucs-satellite-database](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/ucs-satellite-database) -- Active satellites with purpose and operator metadata

## Citation

```bibtex
@dataset{constellation_tle_latest,
  title = {Constellation TLEs -- 18 Satellite Constellations},
  author = {juliensimon},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/constellation-tle-latest},
  publisher = {Hugging Face}
}
```

## License

[CC-BY-4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)