question stringlengths 10 4.67k | choices listlengths 4 10 | answer stringclasses 10
values | dataset stringclasses 3
values |
|---|---|---|---|
Cerebral blood flow below how much mL/(100g/min) can cause EEG changes? | [
"12",
"25",
"28",
"15",
"10",
"20",
"18",
"31",
"34",
"22"
] | J | Super_GPQA |
The highest left ventricular pressure in a cardiac cycle is (). | [
"End of ventricular repolarization",
"Midpoint of left ventricular systole",
"Isovolumic diastole",
"End of left ventricular diastole",
"Slow down the ejection phase",
"Rapid ejection period",
"Peak of atrial contraction",
"Start of right ventricular systole",
"Left ventricular systole",
"Onset of... | F | Super_GPQA |
The purpose of tetanus TAT is (). | [
"Kill the tetanus clostridium bacteria propagating in the wound",
"Provide immediate relief from muscular pain",
"Mainly used for vaccination of children",
"Neutralize toxins that bind to nerve cells",
"Vaccinate vulnerable populations",
"Prevent the spread of infection through the bloodstream",
"Enhanc... | J | Super_GPQA |
For children of 10~20kg, the physiological requirement of fluid per hour is (). | [
"kg×2+16",
"kg×2+14",
"kg×2+6",
"kg×2+2",
"kg×2+20",
"kg×2+10",
"kg×2+8",
"kg×2+18",
"kg×2+4",
"kg×2+12"
] | E | Super_GPQA |
A 48-year-old man was diagnosed with advanced liver cancer. His right abdominal distension and pain worsened intermittently and became unbearable for 2 weeks, accompanied by decreased stomach toleration. What is the preferred analgesic method for the patient who has failed to relieve pain after taking painkillers ? | [
"Fentanyl skin patches only",
"Hydrocodone chewable tablets + adjuvant",
"Naloxone",
"Morphine controlled release tablets + adjuvant",
"Methadone",
"Oxycodone",
"Dihydrocodeine",
"Ibuprofen sustained release tablets",
"Gabapentin immediate release capsules",
"Acetaminophen extra strength tablets"
... | D | Super_GPQA |
The normal range of blood flow autoregulation mechanism in adult human brain is (). | [
"60~160mmHg",
"70~190mmHg",
"30~170mmHg",
"90~140mmHg",
"40~180mmHg",
"80~180mmHg",
"50~150mmHg",
"80~150mmHg",
"60~180mmHg",
"110~160mmHg"
] | G | Super_GPQA |
The child had measles, cough, phlegm stratified, diagnosed as (). | [
"Allergic rhinitis",
"Pulmonary hypertension",
"Chronic bronchitis",
"Tuberculosis",
"Acute respiratory infections",
"Emphysema",
"Bronchiectasis",
"COPD",
"Pulmonary fibrosis",
"Bronchial asthma"
] | G | Super_GPQA |
Cold blood and intravenous fluids during surgery cause the patient to lose body temperature, and its heat transfer belongs to (). | [
"Transmission",
"Evaporation",
"Convection",
"Conduction",
"Radiation",
"Distribution",
"Expansion",
"Diffusion",
"Propagation",
"Reflection"
] | D | Super_GPQA |
The lower center of parasympathetic nerve is located in (). | [
"Brain stem and thoracic 10-12 spinal segments",
"Brain stem",
"Thoracic 1 to lumbar 2 spinal cord",
"Brain stem and lumbar 3-5 spinal segments",
"Sacral 2-4 spinal segments only",
"Brain stem and sacral 2-4 spinal segments",
"Brain stem and thoracic 1 to lumbar 2 spinal segments",
"Cervical 1-3 spina... | F | Super_GPQA |
The structure projected as the midpoint of the line between the tuberositas of the tibia and the head of the fibula and the midpoint of the line between the internal and external malleolus through the dorsal foot is (). | [
"Venae tibialis superior",
"Arteriae tibialis posterior",
"Arteriae fibularis sublima",
"Arteria poplitea posterior",
"Arteria femoralis",
"Retroembryonic artery",
"Arteriae malleolaris",
"Popliteal artery",
"Arteriae dorsalis pedis",
"Arteriae tibialis anterior"
] | J | Super_GPQA |
What does pulmonary metastatic nephrotic syndrome mean? | [
"The lungs metastasize to the nephrotic areas",
"Pulmonary disease spreads to the kidneys",
"Kidney conditions transmit to pulmonary areas",
"Nephrons are transplanted into the lungs",
"Nephrotic syndrome metastasizes to the lungs",
"Nephrotic syndrome only affects the lungs",
"Pulmonary syndrome spread... | E | Super_GPQA |
The formation of keloid scars may be related to which of the following cells? | [
"bone cells",
"hair cells",
"skin cells",
"gland cells",
"mast cells",
"muscle cells",
"blood cells",
"nerve cells",
"fat cells",
"stem cells"
] | E | Super_GPQA |
Which of the following is a glioma? | [
"Pineal region tumor",
"Oligodendroglioma",
"Astrocytoma",
"Spinal Meningioma",
"Medullary carcinoma",
"Pituitary adenoma",
"Ependymoma",
"Choroid plexus papilloma"
] | C | Super_GPQA |
Which of the following experiments is an acute experimental method? | [
"Isolated toad heart perfusion",
"Isolated frog lung analysis",
"Frog leg nerve stimulation",
"Perfusion of isolated frog liver",
"Perfusion in isolated amphibian heart",
"Investigating isolated frog muscle",
"Monitoring frog cardiovascular system",
"Isolated frog brain study",
"Study of isolated fr... | J | Super_GPQA |
Regarding the stroma of the tumor, which statement is correct? | [
"Highly diverse",
"Nonspecific",
"Composed only of epithelial cells",
"Mainly composed of muscles",
"Blood vessel-free",
"Specific",
"All tumors have stroma.",
"There are variations in form.",
"Generally contains neurons",
"Frequently includes congestion"
] | B | Super_GPQA |
What is a layered thrombus? | [
"Compound thrombus",
"White thrombus",
"Mixed Thrombus",
"Segmented thrombus",
"Clustered thrombus",
"Composite thrombus",
"Stacked thrombus",
"Continuing Thrombosis",
"Red thrombus",
"Transparent thrombus"
] | C | Super_GPQA |
The amount of movement of material molecules through the cell membrane is typically represented by which of the following concepts? | [
"Diffusion load",
"Diffusion Capacity",
"Diffusion force",
"Diffusion Volume",
"Diffusion rate",
"Diffusion flux",
"Diffusion Density",
"Diffusion speed",
"Diffusion frequency",
"Diffusion heat"
] | F | Super_GPQA |
Abdominal wall kneading sensation is commonly seen in what condition? | [
"Acute Pancreatitis",
"Acute cholecystitis",
"Mild intestinal dyspepsia",
"Irritable bowel syndrome",
"Tuberculous peritonitis",
"Stomach ulcer deterioration",
"Severe appendicitis inflammation",
"Rupture of the liver and spleen",
"Chronic gastritis inflammation",
"Gastrointestinal perforation"
] | E | Super_GPQA |
What is the commonly used palpation method for the liver? | [
"Circular Hand Rubbing Method",
"Percussion Palpation Technique",
"Single-Hand Palpation Method",
"Palpation with Both Hands",
"Forward Hand Pushing Technique",
"Backward Hand Gliding Technique",
"Dual-Finger Tapping Method",
"Superficial Palpation Technique",
"Double-Hand Pressing Technique",
"Ho... | C | Super_GPQA |
Hepatomegaly confined to what situation is seen in the following? | [
"Schistosomiasis",
"Autosomal recessive disorder",
"Clonorchiasis",
"Pulmonary Fibrosis",
"Renal Tuberculosis",
"Liver Tumor",
"Bardet-Biedl syndrome",
"Intestinal Obstruction",
"Leukemia",
"Cardiac Enlargement"
] | F | Super_GPQA |
The production of second heart sounds is mainly (). | [
"During ventricular diastole",
"While tricuspid and mitral valves open",
"The main and pulmonary valves are open",
"Atrial contraction",
"Second, tricuspid valve closed",
"At the close of ventricular systole",
"Ventricular contraction",
"The main and pulmonary valves are closed",
"Main and pulmonary... | H | Super_GPQA |
What is the ion flow that plays a role in both the resting potential and action potential plateau of ventricular myocytes ( ). | [
"Ica-L",
"IKr",
"IK1",
"INa",
"INaCa",
"ICa-T",
"ICl",
"IK",
"IKs"
] | C | Super_GPQA |
The blood vessels with the worst myogenic self-regulation are ( ). | [
"Pulmonary vasculature",
"Hepatic blood vessels",
"Adrenal gland vessels",
"Pancreatic blood vessels",
"Gastrointestinal blood vessels",
"Skin blood vessels",
"Renal vasculature",
"Cardiac blood vessels",
"Skeletal muscle blood vessels",
"Cerebrovascular system"
] | F | Super_GPQA |
The period when indoor pressure reaches its peak throughout the entire cardiac cycle is ( ). | [
"Rapid filling period",
"House cycle period",
"Delayed contraction phase",
"Rapid ejection period",
"Active filling period",
"Pressure development phase",
"Passive ejection stage",
"Constant volume interval",
"Waiting for relaxation period",
"Isovolumic systole"
] | D | Super_GPQA |
The pathological invasion of joint cartilage and osseous articular surfaces is called? | [
"Joint Ankylosis",
"Joint Compression",
"Joint Destruction",
"Joint Expansion",
"Joint Inflammation",
"Degenerative joint disease",
"Joint swelling",
"Joint Stiffness",
"Joint Erosion",
"Joint Dislocation"
] | C | Super_GPQA |
A dense pomegranate like shadow was found in the upper right abdominal plain film, and in the lateral view, the shadow was found to be located forward and not connected to the ribs, and its position did not change with body position. Firstly, consider ()? | [
"Gallbladder positive stones",
"Enlarged spleen from trauma",
"Stomach ulcer perforation evidence",
"Right kidney positive for stones",
"Adrenal gland benign growth",
"Liver cysts non-connected tissues",
"Teratoma tumors",
"Calcification of costal cartilage",
"Mesenteric lymph node calcification",
... | A | Super_GPQA |
Increased blood coagulability is observed in what conditions? | [
"Primary Hypertension",
"After myocardial infarction recovery",
"When blood lipids are elevated",
"While experiencing renal artery vasodilation",
"Syphilitic aortitis",
"During systemic arterial dilation",
"Arterial medial calcification",
"Mitral valve stenosis",
"With aortic valve regurgitation",
... | C | Super_GPQA |
Which of the following descriptions of rheumatic endocarditis is correct? | [
"Stressed valve is prone to perforation.",
"The valve manifests systemic bacterial presence.",
"Valvular vegetations firmly attached",
"Heart walls are thickened by inflammation.",
"The valve contains bacteria within the organism.",
"The chordae tendineae are primarily affected",
"Predominantly involves... | C | Super_GPQA |
Light stimulation can awaken the patient, who is then able to engage in brief and coherent conversation. This is characteristic of which type of consciousness disorder? | [
"Transient confusion",
"Altered perception",
"Somnolence",
"Moderate sedation",
"Deep coma",
"Partial responsiveness",
"Shallow awareness",
"Stupor",
"Brief unconsciousness",
"Light coma"
] | H | Super_GPQA |
What can be observed in the urine sediment microscopy in acute urethritis? | [
"2-4 renal tubular cells per HPF",
"1-3 white blood cells per high power field (HPF)",
"Presence of numerous eosinophils",
"Moderate number of red blood cells",
"Minimal presence of bacteria and yeast",
"1-3 epithelial cells per high power field",
"Flat epithelial cells (++)",
"Large number of red blo... | J | Super_GPQA |
When using the deep sliding palpation method to examine tubular or cord-like abdominal masses, the palpation should be performed_______ . | [
"Directly over the center of the mass",
"From the distal end toward the mass",
"With alternating pressure on the mass",
"Along the lateral side of the mass",
"Using rapid, light taps on the mass",
"Parallel to the long axis of the mass",
"In a circular motion around the mass",
"Perpendicular to the lo... | H | Super_GPQA |
Which of the following changes may suggest heart failure? | [
"Short and thin pulse",
"Steady and strong pulse",
"Alternating pulse",
"Fine, rapid, and weak pulse",
"Gradual and heavy pulse",
"Water-hammer pulse",
"Continuous and full pulse",
"Unchanging and firm pulse",
"Pulsus paradoxus",
"Constant and thick pulse"
] | C | Super_GPQA |
Which condition is characterized by a prominent increase in the length from the top of the skull to the lower jaw, resulting in a long head shape? | [
"Congenital syphilis",
"Hypothyroidism in early development",
"Prolonged exposure to corticosteroids",
"Hydrocephalus",
"Advanced osteoporosis condition",
"Calcium deficiency",
"Excessive thyroid hormone production",
"Acromegaly",
"Premature closure of fontanelles",
"Rapidly progressing osteoarthr... | H | Super_GPQA |
In patients with severe jaundice, what is the typical serum total bilirubin (STB) level that is usually greater than? | [
"17.1 µmol/L",
"68.4 µmol/L",
"85.5 µmol/L",
"171 µmol/L",
"205.2 µmol/L",
"342 µmol/L",
"255.6 µmol/L",
"136.8 µmol/L",
"512 µmol/L",
"34.2 µmol/L"
] | F | Super_GPQA |
Which type of movement involves the crown and root of a tooth moving in opposite directions? | [
"Extended movement",
"Rotational movement",
"Overall Movement",
"Rotation Movement",
"Controlled movement",
"Transverse movement",
"Inclined movement",
"Lower and move",
"Vertical movement",
"Lateral movement"
] | G | Super_GPQA |
Which is the farthest ligament from the opening of the parotid duct? | [
"frenulum of lower lip",
"frenulum buccinator inferioris",
"frenulum of nasal septum",
"frenulum of upper teeth",
"frenulum of lower jaw",
"frenulum buccinator superioris",
"frenulum of tongue base",
"frenulum of upper lip",
"frenulum of oral cavity",
"frenulum of upper jaw"
] | A | Super_GPQA |
What are the lymph nodes that receive lymphatic drainage from the posterior third of the tongue? | [
"Jugular venous lymphatic formations",
"jugulo-digastric lymphatic nodes",
"Anterior basal lymphatic nodules",
"Inferior superficial cervical lymphatic nodes",
"Posterior auricular lymphatic clusters",
"Lateral mandibular lymphatic nodes",
"Sublingual anterior lymphatic sites",
"superior deep cervical... | H | Super_GPQA |
Where is the cingulum located? | [
"Apical region of the anterior teeth",
"Apical region of premolars and molars",
"Buccal surface of the molar teeth",
"Lingual surface of the incisor",
"Distal surface of the canine teeth",
"Facial aspect of the posterior teeth",
"Lingual neck 1/3 of the anterior teeth",
"Maxillary first molar lingual ... | G | Super_GPQA |
At what age does the habit of sucking fingers usually disappear on its own? | [
"Ages 7-9",
"8-10 years old",
"Ages 4-6",
"Ages 12-16",
"9-11 years old",
"10-12 years old",
"1-2 years old",
"5-6 years old",
"2-3 years old",
"3-4 years old"
] | J | Super_GPQA |
What is the temperature range that normal dental pulp can tolerate? | [
"30-45°C",
"35-60°C",
"25-40°C",
"40-55°C",
"15-30°C",
"5-15°C",
"20-50°C",
"10-20°C",
"18-28°C",
"22-35°C"
] | G | Super_GPQA |
Which of the following histories is commonly associated with chronic apical periodontitis? | [
"History of minor pain and occasional bleeding gums",
"History of spontaneous pain",
"History of constant pain and discoloration of the tooth",
"History of tooth sensitivity to heat and cold",
"History of sudden onset discomfort and gum swelling",
"History of frequent headaches and jaw discomfort",
"His... | H | Super_GPQA |
What are spherical aerosol particles smaller than 5 micrometers that can reach the deep parts of the respiratory tract and the alveolar region called? | [
"Microscopic pollen",
"Ambient smoke",
"Suspended droplets",
"Airborne fibers",
"Volatile fumes",
"Fine particulates",
"Atmospheric haze",
"Inhalable mist",
"Respirable dust",
"Ultrafine soot"
] | I | Super_GPQA |
What is used to evaluate the public health significance of a pathogenic agent? | [
"Total risk assessment",
"Specific risk",
"Community-wide threat level",
"Specific risk percentage",
"Broad health evaluation",
"Population-specific risk",
"Absolute risk",
"Comprehensive danger score",
"General susceptibility index",
"Relative risk"
] | F | Super_GPQA |
Which of the following groups of diseases can all be transmitted through water? | [
"Dengue fever, giardiasis, hepatitis B",
"Schistosomiasis, hepatitis A, leptospirosis",
"Malaria, yellow fever, dengue hemorrhagic",
"Yellow fever, dengue fever, cholera",
"Cholera, dysentery, scrub typhus",
"Typhoid, cholera, hookworm disease",
"Typhoid, cholera, hemorrhagic fever",
"Cholera, typhoid... | B | Super_GPQA |
The primary basis for determining quarantine or medical observation of contacts of an infectious disease is which stage of the disease? | [
"Infectious period",
"Recovery period",
"Prophylactic span",
"Convalescence stage",
"Clinical symptom period",
"Pathogenic window",
"Inoculation phase",
"Carrier period",
"Incubation period",
"Transmission interval"
] | I | Super_GPQA |
The iron content in eggs is high, but the absorption rate is low due to the presence of which interfering substance? | [
"globulin",
"transferrin",
"avidin",
"hemoglobin",
"albumin",
"lecithin",
"phosvitin",
"casein",
"ferritin",
"lysozyme"
] | G | Super_GPQA |
Which is the representative prescription for treating chronic diarrhea and dysentery caused by spleen and kidney deficiency and cold? | [
"Yiguanjian Herbal Decoction",
"Buzhong Yiqi Elixir",
"Liujunzi Tang Brew",
"Guiding Yunqi Concoction",
"Zhenren Yangzang Decoction",
"Shenling Baizhu Powder",
"Banxia Xiexin Soup",
"Jinkui Shenqi Wan Tablets",
"Zhengqi Tianjiang Potion",
"Dachengqi Decoction"
] | E | Super_GPQA |
What is the prescription that has the effects of reducing adverse reactions and resolving phlegm, invigorating qi and harmonizing the stomach? | [
"Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang",
"Pingwei San",
"Chai Hu Shu Gan San",
"Ban Xia Hou Po Tang",
"Huang Lian Jie Du Tang",
"Bai He Gu Jin Tang",
"Xiao Yao San"
] | B | Super_GPQA |
Which of the following groups of medicines is a component of Maimenduo Decoction? | [
"Peony, saffron",
"Cinnamon, cardamom",
"Eucalyptus",
"Ginger, licorice",
"Lavender, rosemary",
"Ginseng, jujube",
"Turmeric, clove",
"Hawthorn, chamomile",
"Reishi, shiitake",
"Cumin, coriander"
] | F | Super_GPQA |
Which is the world's earliest pharmacopoeia monograph? | [
"\"Ancient Therapeutic Formulary\"",
"\"Latest Remedial Manuscripts Edition\"",
"\"Old World Medicinal Compendium\"",
"\"Early Medicinal Ingredients List\"",
"\"Newly Revised Materia Medica\"",
"\"Historic Remedies Compilation",
"\"Freshly Compiled Prescriptions Listing\"",
"\"Modern Pharmaceutical Sy... | E | Super_GPQA |
What is the best medicine that can treat both cold closure and heat closure and coma? | [
"Cinnamon",
"Lavender",
"Basil",
"Ginger",
"Sage",
"Eucalyptus",
"Peppermint",
"Honey",
"Chamomile",
"Musk"
] | J | Super_GPQA |
What are the effects of Houttuynia cordata? | [
"Increased appetite and sleepiness",
"Nasal congestion and dry skin",
"Blood circulation and energy boost",
"Skin rashes and weight gain",
"Reduced inflammation and oxidation",
"Diarrhea and urinary retention",
"Memory enhancement and alertness",
"Hair growth and vision improvement",
"Nausea and inc... | J | Super_GPQA |
It is advisable to stir-fry and remove oil for internal use. What should be used with caution by those with weak spleen and stomach? | [
"Cardamom seed",
"Peppermint leaf",
"Cinnamon bark",
"Lemon zest",
"Garlic clove",
"Frankincense",
"Turmeric powder",
"Ginger root",
"Licorice root",
"Black pepper"
] | F | Super_GPQA |
Which drug has the effect of warming the middle and promoting qi? | [
"Basil",
"Saffron",
"Fennel",
"Ginger",
"Cinnamon",
"Black pepper",
"Cloves",
"Nutmeg",
"Cardamom",
"Turmeric"
] | I | Super_GPQA |
What is the pathogenesis of the accumulation of solid evil, blocking the meridians, and preventing the flow of qi and blood? | [
"When an initial ailment reaches an advanced stage, it shows increased severity",
"As a trivial illness progresses to crucial levels, it manifest more robust",
"When a slight sickness escalates to an extreme point, it projects more forcefully.",
"When a weak disease develops to a serious stage, it will instea... | D | Super_GPQA |
"Exegesis of the Classic of Difficulties" says: "Evil comes with the support of vitality, although it advances, it retreats easily" What does it mean? | [
"Family's well-being touches the youth",
"Mother's disease affects the child",
"Neighbors' sickness impacts the adolescent",
"Parent's condition sways the teenager",
"Father's health influences the infant",
"Cousin's condition alters the baby",
"Grandparent's health molds the toddler",
"Kinfolk's ailm... | B | Super_GPQA |
What is the meaning of "lungs control the qi of the whole body"? | [
"Maintain corporeal qi and balance emotions",
"Control bodily qi and govern breathing",
"Harmonize primal qi and manage spirit",
"Balance spiritual qi and govern health",
"Manage environmental qi and direct flow",
"Sustain universal qi and stabilize mood",
"Generate ancestral qi and regulate qi",
"Dis... | G | Super_GPQA |
The triple burner presides over the physiological functions of various qi, what is its exact connotation? | [
"Essentially regulates the flow of five qi, impacting the four internal organs and seven bowels",
"Generally oversees the distribution of two qi, across the seven internal organs and five bowels",
"Primarily manages the flow of two qi, affecting the seven internal organs and five bowels",
"Chiefly governs the... | G | Super_GPQA |
What is the prescription composed of Chuanwu, Caowu, Arisaema, Earthworm, Frankincense, Myrrh? | [
"Xiaoshengshengsan",
"Xiaobianjitong",
"Xiaozhengzhitan",
"Xiaoyaojinzhuban",
"Xiaohuoluodan",
"Xiaopingch",
"Xiaozhengzhitang",
"Xiaofangjingtong",
"Xiaobianchaowan",
"Xiaoyaozhiban"
] | E | Super_GPQA |
What are the functional characteristics of Wandai Decoction? | [
"Strengthen the spleen, transform dampness, stop leukorrhea, and soothe the liver",
"Balance the stomach, increase moisture, cure constipation, and stabilize emotions",
"Boost kidney function, clear heat, relieve pain, and harmonize stomach",
"Enhance the liver, drain dampness, purify body fluids, and ease te... | A | Super_GPQA |
Which of the following prescriptions belongs to the category of expelling external wind? | [
"Ren Shen Yang Ying Tang",
"Chuanxiong Cha Tiao San",
"Dang Gui Bu Xue Tang",
"Gui Zhi Tang",
"Xing Su San",
"Liu Wei Di Huang Wan",
"Xiao Chai Hu Tang",
"Wu Mei Wan",
"Bai Hu Tang",
"Ban Xia Hou Po Tang"
] | B | Super_GPQA |
What is the pathogenesis of the syndrome treated by Banxia? | [
"Heart dampness leads to phlegm, contributing to anxiety and tightness in the chest.",
"Spleen heat accumulates fluid, and cold and fluid impact the lower part of the body.",
"Spleen dampness produces phlegm, and wind and phlegm disturb the upper part of the body.",
"Liver fire generates heat, causing restles... | C | Super_GPQA |
Following trauma, the patient has intractable rib pain that is fixed and intolerant of pressure, and a weak pulse. Treatment should be chosen (). | [
"San Huang Laxing Xin Tang with flavorings",
"tonifying Yang and returning Wu Tang",
"turtle shell decoction pill",
"Tang of the Lesser Abdomen Evacuating Blood Stasis (TCM)",
"Harmonizing Qi and Relieving Stasis Decoction",
"Invigorating the Blood and Alleviating Pain Soup",
"four-substance broth with ... | I | Super_GPQA |
The basic pathogenesis of thoracic paralysis is (). | [
"paralysis of the heart and veins",
"deficiency in blood circulation",
"Stagnation of Qi Mechanism",
"imbalance of yin and yang",
"obstruction of energy flow",
"dysfunction of respiratory system",
"blockage of lung channels",
"Cold Evil Stagnation",
"disruption of nerve signals",
"lack of vital en... | A | Super_GPQA |
In what kind of lesion is the chest voice most often heard? | [
"Pulmonary embolism",
"Chronic bronchitis",
"Lobular pneumonia",
"Emphysema",
"Bronchiectasis",
"Asthma exacerbation",
"Pleural Effusion",
"Lung abscess cavity",
"Pneumothorax",
"Bronchopneumonia"
] | C | Super_GPQA |
Regarding the smell of vomit, which of the following is correct ( ). | [
"The sour and foul smell of vomit may indicate the presence of an intestinal obstruction.",
"The vomit exudes a citrus fragrance, suggesting excessive consumption of vitamin C supplements.",
"The vomit consists of undigested food with a strong smell of alcohol, commonly seen after heavy drinking or in intoxicat... | C | Super_GPQA |
Female, 35 years old, diagnosed with rheumatic heart disease with mitral stenosis. Following a cold one week prior, she began to experience difficulty breathing, coughing, and edema. Physical examination reveals jugular vein distention. The mechanism of its occurrence is ( ). | [
"Venous return to the right atrium is obstructed.",
"Inferior Vena Cava Obstruction",
"Reduced cardiac output",
"Decreased venous return",
"Elevated left atrial pressure",
"Elevated right atrial pressure",
"Increased pulmonary artery pressure",
"Superior vena cava obstruction",
"Impediment to right ... | F | Super_GPQA |
In which of the following cases does the mobility of the lower lung border not disappear? | [
"Widespread pleural thickening and adhesions",
"Moderate asthma exacerbation",
"Large amount of fluid accumulation in the chest cavity",
"Brachial plexus palsy",
"Pneumothorax",
"Mild pulmonary fibrosis",
"Partial lung resection",
"Limited pleural effusion",
"Emphysema",
"Small alveolar collapse"
... | I | Super_GPQA |
Which of the following is characteristic of the physiologic third heart sound ( ). | [
"Frequently occurs in late adulthood",
"Typically appears in middle-aged individuals",
"Supine position may disappear",
"Occurs mostly in elderly populations",
"Common in all age groups uniformly",
"Strongly associated with cardiac arrest",
"Indicates high blood pressure adjustments",
"Reflects except... | I | Super_GPQA |
Dizziness, tinnitus, lumbago, sleeplessness, dreamy, sudden onset of slanting of the mouth and tongue, unfavorable speech, finger movement, hemiplegia, red tongue, fine stringy pulse, the pathogenesis is (). | [
"Spleen qi deficiency, dampness obstructing inner meridians",
"Kidney yin and liver yang imbalance, rising internal wind",
"Liver and kidney yin deficiency, wind and yang disturbing upwards",
"Phlegm-heat obstruction, wind-phlegm disturbance",
"Kidney and heart yin deficiency, wind and yang moving sideways"... | C | Super_GPQA |
The patient has coughing, palpitations, sputum, swelling of the face and limbs, abdominal distension and epigastric plumpness, poor appetite and fear of cold, with a fat and dark tongue, white and slippery moss, and a fine pulse. What is the treatment for this patient? | [
"Stimulate the stomach and invigorate the spleen, increase appetite and warm the body.",
"Harmonize the liver and enhance the heart, clear damp-heat and soothe digestion.",
"Warm the kidneys and strengthen the spleen, transform dampness and promote water metabolism.",
"Enhance the liver and regulate the gall ... | C | Super_GPQA |
In a methanol extract of a Chinese herbal medicine, the HCI-Mg powder reaction shows a sauce-red color in the solution, while the foam that rises after adding HC1 is red, what might be contained in the extract? | [
"Daidzein",
"Luteolin",
"Flavonols",
"Hesperidin",
"Isoflavones",
"Chlorogenic Acid",
"Orange ketone",
"Naringenin",
"Chalcone",
"Puerarin"
] | C | Super_GPQA |
On the chromatographic elution curve, the distance between adjacent peaks is determined by ( ). | [
"Theoretical number of tower plates",
"Column packing material",
"Sample concentration",
"Sample volume",
"Two component allocation coefficient",
"Tower height",
"Rate of solvent flow",
"Pressure applied to the column",
"Temperature of the column",
"Mobile phase composition"
] | E | Super_GPQA |
The reason why powders and granules gradually dry and eventually become ineffective after the drug absorbs moisture is ( ). | [
"Sublimation",
"Changes in solubility",
"Hydrolysis",
"Decomposition",
"liquefaction",
"Agglomeration",
"Evaporation",
"Oxidation",
"Deliquescence",
"Crystallization"
] | F | Super_GPQA |
The main mechanism for controlled release in wax-based matrix tablets is ( ). | [
"Osmotic pressure",
"Sedimentation",
"Volatilization",
"Erosion",
"Disintegration",
"Diffusion",
"Filtration",
"Adsorption",
"Ion exchange",
"Capillary action"
] | D | Super_GPQA |
The accelerated testing requires placement under what conditions for six months? | [
"60°C, RH 60%",
"65°C, RH 70%",
"70°C, RH 50%",
"40°C, RH 60%",
"35°C, RH 65%",
"30°C, RH 80%",
"40°C, RH 75%",
"50°C, RH 75%",
"55°C, RH 90%",
"45°C, RH 85%"
] | G | Super_GPQA |
For convenience of use, you can choose lanolin containing lower viscosity with water, which refers to ( ). | [
"Lanolin with herbal extracts",
"Lanolin with synthetic fragrances",
"Lanolin with added mineral oils",
"Lanolin containing an O/W emulsifier",
"Lanolin containing 10% water",
"Lanolin with increased wax content",
"Lanolin containing a W/O emulsifier",
"Lanolin containing 30% water",
"Lanolin contai... | H | Super_GPQA |
The common point in the preparation processes of both drop pills and soft gel capsules is ( ). | [
"Both use gelatin as a membrane material",
"Both require a heating process during preparation",
"Both are filled with solid drug particles",
"Both are manufactured using a molding technique",
"Both contain aqueous solutions of the drug",
"Both are prepared using the drop method",
"Both are intended for ... | F | Super_GPQA |
Using the Stokes equation, one can calculate the ( ). | [
"Geometric diameter",
"Fixed directional diameter",
"Hydrodynamic diameter",
"Frictional diameter",
"Sieving diameter",
"Triaxial diameter",
"Gravitational diameter",
"Stokes diameter",
"Inertial diameter",
"Elliptical diameter"
] | H | Super_GPQA |
CRH is used to evaluate the ( ) of a powder. | [
"Compactness",
"Agglomeration",
"Abrasiveness",
"Flowability",
"Hygroscopicity",
"Deliquescence",
"Adhesiveness",
"Granularity",
"Solubility",
"Reactivity"
] | E | Super_GPQA |
When hygroscopic material is filled in a capsule, the possible phenomenon is ( ). | [
"Capsule contents become sticky",
"Capsule wall becomes brittle and cracks",
"Capsule walls turn discolored",
"Does not dissolve in the intestine",
"Capsule wall expands and bulges",
"Capsule wall softens",
"Does not dissolve in the stomach",
"Capsule releases moisture into the air",
"Capsule inhibi... | B | Super_GPQA |
The preparation process of the injection is (). | [
"Preparation of active ingredients → preparation → mixing → sterilization → quality control → packaging",
"Preparation of raw materials → compounding → refrigeration → potting → sterilization → quality assessment",
"Preparation of raw materials → drying → filtration → filling → sterilization → quality check",
... | F | Super_GPQA |
The solid powder formed by β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and the volatile oil of citrus peel is ( ). | [
"Precipitant",
"Co-precipitate",
"Gel",
"Emulsifier",
"Microcapsule",
"Suspension",
"Compound",
"Nanoemulsion",
"Inclusion complex",
"Colloidal aggregate"
] | G | Super_GPQA |
The diameter range of nanocapsules is ( ). | [
"10-100 nm",
"50-200 nm",
"50-100 μm",
"10-509μm",
"100-200 nm",
"10-50 μm",
"30-50 μm",
"5-10 nm",
"100-500 nm",
"200-300 nm"
] | A | Super_GPQA |
The temperature and humidity requirements for a cleanroom are ( ). | [
"Temperature 13~15°C, relative humidity 50%~70%",
"Temperature 18~26°C, relative humidity 45%~65%",
"Temperature 18~24°C, relative humidity 50%~70%",
"Temperature 15~18°C, relative humidity 50%~70%",
"Temperature 17~23°C, relative humidity 40%~70%",
"Temperature 20~28°C, relative humidity 40%~60%",
"Tem... | B | Super_GPQA |
The optimum pH for sodium benzoate to play an antiseptic role is (). | [
"pH8",
"pH6",
"pH9",
"Greater than pH6",
"pH7",
"pH4",
"Less than pH3",
"pH3",
"pH5",
"Smaller than pH4"
] | F | Super_GPQA |
To prepare compound sulfur lotion, the main function of adding methyl cellulose is (). | [
"Binding agents",
"Wet",
"Suspending agents",
"Thickening agents",
"Protective glue",
"Stabilizing agents",
"Deflocculation",
"Emulsifying agents",
"Solubilizing agents",
"Coagulating agents"
] | C | Super_GPQA |
What type of injection can be made for drugs that are soluble in water and stable in aqueous solutions? | [
"Liquid solution",
"Dissolved injection",
"Emulsion injection",
"Solution injection",
"Aqueous injection",
"Fluid injection",
"Suspension injection",
"Liquid infusion",
"Sterile powder for injection",
"Soluble injection"
] | D | Super_GPQA |
The isotonic equivalent of sodium chloride of cephalothiophene sodium is 0.24. How many more grams of sodium chloride is needed to prepare 2% eye drops 100mL? | [
"0.36g",
"0.58g",
"0.33g",
"0.27g",
"0.61g",
"0.75g",
"0.92g",
"0.53g",
"0.42g",
"1.42g"
] | I | Super_GPQA |
The reason for the slow efficacy of thiourea drugs is that ____. | [
"Short half-life in the bloodstream",
"High binding rate with plasma proteins",
"Low bioavailability",
"Compensatory enhancement of thyroid function",
"High renal clearance",
"Poor penetration into thyroid tissue",
"Rapid metabolism in the liver",
"Slow oral absorption",
"Inhibition of thyroid hormo... | J | Super_GPQA |
The main reason for atropine's anti shock effect is ____. | [
"Antibacterial and antitoxin effects",
"Stimulate red blood cell production",
"Inhibit inflammation and reduce tissue damage",
"Anti vagus nerve, excitation of the heart, and elevation of blood pressure",
"Relieve vascular spasm, improve microcirculation, and increase blood flow to important organs",
"Inh... | E | Super_GPQA |
What are the targets of the following drugs that belong to receptors ? | [
"Atenolol",
"Lidocaine",
"Nitrogen mustard",
"Captopril",
"Metformin",
"Weixi Rice",
"Omeprazole",
"Prazosin",
"Losartan",
"Warfarin"
] | H | Super_GPQA |
Which is the correct answer regarding sieve numbers in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia ? | [
"The sieve number indicates the thickness of the mesh material",
"The sieve number is represented by each inch of mesh",
"The second sieve is equivalent to an industrial 200 mesh sieve",
"The eighth sieve is the most commonly used in pharmaceutical applications",
"The third sieve has a pore size larger than... | I | Super_GPQA |
Male, 42 years old, admitted to the hospital due to palpitations and chest tightness for 5 days. The electrocardiogram showed frequent ventricular premature beats. Which antiarrhythmic drug should be used ? | [
"Dofetilide",
"Quinidine",
"Amiodarone",
"Lidocaine",
"Magnesium sulfate",
"Flecainide",
"Sotalol",
"American Western Law",
"Verapamil",
"Propafenone"
] | C | Super_GPQA |
Which belongs to the category of 3,5-pyrazolidinedione anti-inflammatory drugs? | [
"Glucosamine sulfate",
"Indomethacin",
"Hydrocodone",
"Dexamethasone",
"Jiafenna acid",
"Jojoba oil",
"Hydroxybuzon",
"Ethylbutyrate",
"Ibuprofen",
"Flurbiprofen"
] | G | Super_GPQA |
If it is necessary to reduce the logP of a drug, which of the following substituents should be introduced? | [
"Cyclohexyl group",
"Jasmone group",
"Ethylamine group",
"Hydroxyl group",
"Acylamide group",
"Isoamyl group",
"Furylmethyl group",
"Phenyl group",
"Ethoxy group",
"Guanine group"
] | E | Super_GPQA |
Antibiotics that are unstable in acid and easily broken down are ____. | [
"Clindamycin",
"Ampicillin sodium",
"Erythromycin",
"Tetracycline hydrochloride",
"Vancomycin hydrochloride",
"Azithromycin",
"Roxithromycin",
"Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride",
"Penicillin G potassium",
"Clarithromycin"
] | C | Super_GPQA |
When the side chain amino groups of adrenaline drugs are replaced by larger volume isopropyl or tert butyl groups ? | [
"Reduced activation of sigma receptors",
"Reduced activation of ß receptors",
"Increased activation of ß receptors",
"Reduced activation of alpha and gamma receptors",
"Increased activation of epsilon receptors",
"Increased activation of gamma receptors",
"Increased activation of both α and B receptors"... | C | Super_GPQA |
Which medicine is called "the important medicine for stopping vomiting"? | [
"Cinnamon bark",
"Licorice root",
"Fennel seed",
"Lavender oil",
"Black cohosh",
"Chamomile flower",
"Lemon balm",
"Ginger root",
"Peppermint leaf",
"Pinellia"
] | J | Super_GPQA |
What is the effect of glucocorticoids on the blood system? | [
"Increased number of monocytes",
"Increased number of platelets",
"Reduced number of erythrocytes",
"Decreased number of platelets",
"Increased number of neutrophils",
"Decreased number of erythrocytes",
"Reduced number of basophils",
"Increased number of eosinophils",
"Decreased number of lymphocyt... | E | Super_GPQA |
Subsets and Splits
Filtered MCQA Prompts by Themes
The query identifies and categorizes questions and answers containing specific sensitive topics, helping to explore and analyze the prevalence and context of these topics in the dataset.