subham2507/charecterization_paper_dataset · Datasets at Hugging Face

image imagewidth (px) 384 384	caption stringlengths 0 512
	Reaction rate vs H2O2 concentration for platinum (Sigma-Aldrich, left) and manganese oxide (MnOx-1200–02, right). The correlation with a first-order rate law (linear fit) is shown.
	Schematic of specimens for mode I, mode II and mixed-mode fracture toughness. (a) Single edge notch beam (SENB) specimen for mode I fracture toughness; (b) Cracked butterfly-shape specimen for mode II and mixed-mode fracture toughness.
	Comparison of difference between measured and computed stress-strain curves for all three methods.
	XRD relative spectra curves: (a) XRD measured curves of untreated and modified MT particles and (b) refined XRD pattern of U-MT particles.
	SEM analysis of 1 % nano mixed -PCM.
	XRD spectra of anatase (black) and brookite (red) TiO2 (reference: Pearson's Crystal Data), FA-zeolite (blue), sample FA-USN (orange), FA-USB (dark cyan) and FA-USA (magenta). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
	Volume shrinkage and Density of samples after sintering at 1200 ◦C with different pretreated steel slag contents.
	MOE evolution since casting: a) up to 24 h; up to 168 h).
	Information of surface profiles for the TC4 titanium alloy after the filtering process: (a) 2D surface profile, with corresponding 3D surface profile morphology as (d); (b) magnified image of the rectangular area in (a), with corresponding 3D surface profile morphology as (e); (c) magnified image of the rectangular area in (a), with corresponding 3D surface profile morphology as (f).
	A discretized Gaussian trap distribution.
	Microstructure of technically pure iron – (a, d, g), Fe-2.5%Si alloy – (b, e, h) and low-carbon steel S235JR – (c, f, i) characterised by the CLSM metallographic images – (a–c), EBSD inverse pole figure (IPF) maps – (d–f) and distribution histograms of angles of misorientation between grains superimposed with theoretical random Mackenzie's distribution – (g–i).
	SEM image of SCBA grains and corresponding element mappings based on EDS.
	Three-dimensional (3D) inner displacement field at different positions of a sandwich beam specimen when the applied load is 1000 N .](#page-16-0) The copyright permission for this figure has been granted.
	Showing that experimentally simulating the high rate response of all grades of NR is possible with the use of low temperature quasi-static analogue experiments.
	Contours of the major strain prior to fracture for several Marciniak tests. The test specimens for intermediate biaxial stretching exhibited multiple localized necks in the DP1180 steel.
	Numerical and experimental results comparisons for Mode I and Mode II testing conditions.
	Stress distribution of carbon fiber tows with different twist angles for intersecting circular cross-section models.
	Diffusion of CO2 into pure air dispersed in polystyrene foam sample.
	Thermal loads for a single house in a hot climatic region.
	SEM image of CNT/CNC nanocomposite buckypaper. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)
	4-point bending test setup: (a) general view; (b) test setup.
	FESEM images of (a, b) the Oxalate precursor and (c, d) walnut-shell-like NaNCMA-3 sample, (e) TEM image and the corresponding EDS mapping of one walnut-shell-like NaNCMA-3 particle. (f) HRTEM image and (g) the corresponding SAED pattern of the selected area in (#page-5-0) (marked with yellow circle). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
	The visco-hyperelastic material model prediction vs. experiment for A30 and T+ tensile (A,B) and compressive (C,D) responses at various strain rates.
	The Ensemble-Learned Spectra IdEntification (ELSIE) algorithm. In the first step, the absorption species is identified and used to narrow down the candidate computed reference spectra. In the second step, the spectral matching ensemble yields a rank-ordered list of computational spectra according to similarity with respect to the target spectrum. Reproduced with permission from Ref. .](#page-6-24)
	Patterns of XRD for pure 0.1M(CdS3), with PVP 0.1M(CdS-wPVP) and un-doped 0.5M(CdS2).
	MAS NMR spectra recorded from (a, b) monetite and (c, d) brushite powders. The left panel displays 31P spectra recorded at 14.00 kHz MAS. The right panel contrasts 1 H NMR results obtained at MAS rates of 34 kHz (black traces) and 14.00 kHz (red traces). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
	3. The desired false alarm probabilities matched well with the simulation results. The false alarm probability was calculated by dividing the number of raised alarms by the total number of ID calculation during operation. In addition to counting the total alarms, alarms raised at each KMP were monitored. The detailed numerical data is shown in (#page-9-0)
	The Initial damage mark: (a) Crack mark of warp yarn; (b) Crack mark of weft yarn; (c) Distribution of initial damage crack.
	(a) TEM micrograph (b) SAED pattern and (c) HRTEM micrograph of as- synthesized ZnSe NRs.
	Influence of tyre rubber (in %) on coefficient of permeability. Fig. 12. Cohesion and angle of internal friction vs tyre rubber (in %).
	The variation of battery temperature at different ambient temperature at discharge rate of 2C: (a) temperature rise under box and air cooled (b) temperature rise under CPCM0 and CPCM1 cooled.
	(a, b) DSC curves; (c) Phase change enthalpies and temperatures of PW and PW-CMF@Co/NC composite PCMs; (d) Infrared images of PW and PW-CMF@Co/ NC-900; (e) Schematic illustration of heat transfer mechanism; (f) DSC curves of PW-CMF@Co/NC-900 composite PCMs after different times thermal cycling; (g) IR thermal images of wood puppet placed oven at 100 ℃.
	Geometrical sizes of the rivet.
	Micro-hardness distribution along deposited direction.
	FBS fatigue relationships at different temperatures - power curve adjustments.
	Photocatalytic degradation of BR18 dye for 25ZnO/75MG1 and 75ZnO/25MG1.
	TEM image of the three-component Fe3O4/QSM/Ag composite.
	Local laser heating: a) hardness measurements along the longitudinal path; b) comparison with the predicted values.
	Streaming current coefficient (Is/ΔP) of the unmodified, PAH modified and PEI/PSS/PAH modified RC membranes versus gap height; Solution: 0.001 M KCl at pH 5.40 ± 0.05.
	Effect of operating parameters including temperature, reaction time, and water content on hydrochar yield during biomass HTC process.
	(a, c, e) The inverse (IPF) and (b, d, f) pole-figure (PF) plots showing the crystallographic textural maps obtained by EBSD analysis demonstrating the preferred orientations for (a, b) X-, (c, d) Y-, and (e, f) Z-sections of consolidated nanocomposite cubic structure.
	Thermal conductivity setup using ISOMET.
	REELS spectra at different primary energies for (a) HOPG, (b) carbon fiber and (c) carbon glass. (d) Comparison on the RELLS spectra for the three materials. The energy spectrum is normalized by the elastic peak height.
	Spectral comparison between textile samples with different physical properties. (the 1st column: reflectance spectra; the 2nd column: CR spectra).
	Experimental tensile true stress – true strain curves (color should be used in print).
	The calculation of flat-band potentials of (a) NF-ldh (b) NF-ldh/gCN (c) NF-ldh/MXene by the Mott-Schottky measurements.
	Absorbance spectrum of the Epon 828/MXD system containing 2% nonylphenol obtained during DIW printing using an inline spectrometer. Peaks of interests are marked with vertical lines.
	Comparison of (a) observed and (b) simulated Raman spectra of the PCOH.
	Three points chosen to compare the results between the two scenarios (this plot shows the first scenario of implantation in which the cylinder's outer diameter is 13.8 mm).
	Experimental set up adopted for the Laser Heat treatments and geometry of the specimen.
	Variance distributions of W14 a) stylized shark and b) octopus.
	Band Alignment of PVA/p-Si heterojunction.
	Precursor powders calcined at different temperatures: (a–d) TEM images; (e) particle size distribution.
	The dependence of (αh v) 1/2 ON (h v) for PEO/CMC blend and PEO/ CMC/ZnO/TiO2 NP at various concentrations.
	DLS size distribution profiles of PPPs: a) CS; b) EC; c) OD; d) WP.
	Coefficient and observed vs. predicted plots for the temperature profile smoothness.
	Nyquist plots of both β-Co(OH)2 microflowers and microclews with a simulated equivalent circuit in the inset.
	Experimentally obtained amplitude P-UPS plot for an aluminum plate of thickness d = ± 1.500 0.002 mm and density ρ = 2700 kg/m3. Note the circular patterns suggesting an isotropic symmetry.
	High-resolution microscopy of interfacial bonding between (a-c) alumina and (d-f) complex nanoparticles with the steel matrix: (a, d) BF, (b, e) DF, and (c, f) HAADF TEM images.
	Representation of the Gaussian DOS for the mobile carriers (here electrons), figuring the transport energy level Eμ, a discrete trap level Et, and the Fermi energy level EF during the relaxation of traps.
	(a) C 1s and (b) S 2p XPS core level spectra and (c) atomic concentration depth profiles of pure poly(3-hexylthiophene) film obtained using continual Ar ion and Ar gas cluster ion beam sputtering.
	Negative second-order differentiation of AES spectra of HOPG, carbon fiber and carbon glass.
	EBSD grain boundary maps of a) ODS\_WQ\_450, b) ODS\_WQ\_RT and c) ODS\_AC\_RT specimens. HAGBs (grain boundary misorientation angle ≥ 15°) and LAGBs (grain boundary misorientation angle between 5° and 15°) are coloured red and blue, respectively. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)
	(A) Degradation time profile at different H2O2 concentrations (0.1 g Co-BDC), (B) degradation time profile at different Co-BDC doses (1 mM H2O2), (C) pseudo-first-order plots of MB degradation at different H2O2 concentrations, and (D) pseudo-first-order plots of MB degradation at different Co-BDC doses.
	SEM images of Cr-embedded MOF-199 with de novo synthesis temperature of (a) 45 C, (b) 65 C, (c) 85 C. Particle size distribution was calculated from the SEM images and shows in (d), (e), and (f). Reprinted with permission from Ref. ](#page-15-0).
	Test set-up of the ring-on-ring test.
	Variations of fractal dimensions.
	SEM-EDXS micrographs of RO paper: upper surface at low magnification a), food-facing surface at low magnification b), upper surface at 100 μm magnification c), particles in the print d), cross-section of the print area of the upper side e) and f).
	Kinetic studies of brexin in the presence of synthesized photocatalysts (a) Ceq/Ct versus time, (b) – ln (Ceq/Ct) versus time, (c) the values of rate constant (k), and (d) percentage degradation.
	High resolution-XPS spectra: (a) TC0 (Ti2p and O1s); (b) TC2 (Ti2p, Cu2p, O1s and S2p); (c) TC7 (Cu2p, O1s and S2p).
	(a) Crystallographic orientation of the oligocrystalline tensile specimen in the colors of the inverse pole figure according to the load axis (horizontal). Local strain fields plotted with respect to the load axis (horizontal) εxx at the state of maximum strain with marked HAGB (white dotted line) (b), (d), (f), and after unloading (c), (e), (g). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
	3D tomographic reconstruction of the δ and η phases: A) top view; B) perspective view.
	(A) SEM images of nanoporous HA microparticles at different magnification scales. (B) Particle size distribution of nanoporous HA microparticles by laser diffraction technique.
	Linear correlations for porosity and density parameters.
	Diagram plotting the FWHM of D1 against VReq of shales. The spectra of carbon from low to high maturity shale (first order region) are shown with the deconvolution into 4 bands following the procedure of (#page-16-50) The temperatures are average values calculated using all the Raman spectra of the organic matter particles and the standard deviation is indicated in brackets.
	Optical transmission of PMMA pure and doped with Tb(tmhd)3 and RhB. The concentrations of samples A to E are in (#page-1-0)
	a: EDX results and b: XRD results of S1, S2 and S3.
	XPS high-resolution spectra for the fouled and virgin membranes. C 1s, O 1s, N 1s, and Si 2p are depicted in columns 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively. Spectra for the feed and brine membrane coupons from Stage 1 (rows 1 and 2 in blue), Stage 2 (rows 3 and 4 in red), and Stage 3 (rows 5 and 6 in green). The bottom row in black is the negative control of the virgin ESPA2 membrane. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
	Schematic diagram of inkjet printing.
	Unconfined compression for three samples at Diablo Regimiento mine .
	e The capacitance retention (black) and Coulombic efficiency (red) of (a) MCO-NWs@NF//AC HSC and (b) MCO-MCs@NF//AC HSC during 5000 cycles at 6 A g¡1 , and the insets presented the last ten cycles. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
	IPF and Z-IPF maps of LPBF DSS 2205 taken from (a) AB build plane (b) AB build direction (c) HT build plane and (d) HT build direction.
	SEM micrograph (SE-mode) of the 10Mg–Zr fibers sintered at 700 °C with a heating rate of 1 K/min.
	Room temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectra at 266 nm excitation wavelength for the different as-prepared samples. The PL intensity is depicted in arbitrary units and does not contain information about relative intensities between the measured spectra.
	Role of biopolymers and biopolymer composites loaded with therapeutics such as Growth Factors, Cytokines, Antioxidants and Enzyme inhibitory agents that were processed as formulations and hydrogels in the process of accelerated wound healing.
	The charge/discharge potential profiles at the current density of 1 C (a), the Nyquist plots (b) of Co-SPCP/S and C-MOFs/S cathodes, CV curves of the Co-SPCP/S cathode from the 1st to 5th cycle over a voltage range of 1.6–2.8 V at a sweep rate of 0.2 mV s−1 (c).
	Results of predictions of created ML models for the amplitude and phase of umbo. Results of five random samples from the testing dataset are presented here. The ML models can fairly represent the amplitude and phase of the umbo at almost all frequencies. The difference between the predicted and true values of the displacement amplitude of the umbo in these 5 samples is less than 2 dB at more than 90% of frequencies. Also, for all samples shown in this figure, the cosine difference between the true and predi
	Photographs of printed parts, adjusted for visual clarity. (A) Larger scale lattice of the design in (#page-2-0)G, used in fluid applications .](#page-12-0) Approximate dimensions: 50 mm diameter x 50 mm height; lc = 2.4 mm; r \ = 0.11. (B) Lattice designs from (#page-5-0)A-F, from left to right. Approximate dimensions: 5.5 mm × 6 mm × 6.4 mm (small); lc = 3 mm; r \ = 0.07; large parts are scaled linearly by 3x. (C) GE engine bracket consisting of internal struts, boundary struts, wireframe edges (left, fro
	The influence of WTS content on DBT, IST, and 1-day compressive strength in CLSM of 0.65 w/b and 5% A.
	(a, b) Ex-situ FE-SEM images of the Fe3S4 (150 °C) electrode in the discharged state after 200th cycles at different magnifications; (c) EDS images of the Fe3S4 (150 °C) electrode in the discharged state after the 200th cycles. (d, e) FE-SEM images of the Fe3S4 (150 °C) electrode in the charged state after 200th cycles at different magnifications;.
	Chromium oxide films under different oxygen partial pressures: (a) Ultraviolet–visible absorption spectra, (b) Band gap diagrams calculated using the Tauc plot, (c) Resistivity versus oxygen partial pressure diagram, (d) Graph of film thickness variation with oxygen partial pressure.
	Static engineering stress-strain curves at 600 ◦C for Vertical specimens produced by LPBF and tested as built.
	Mass spectra of size-selected particles produced in the HS engine regime and sampled with (red line – HS\_CS, top spectra) and without (blue line – HS, bottom spectra) the catalytic stripper. The labels indicate the corresponding NanoMOUDI size-bin.
	Microstructure of the as-sintered (TiC+TiB+(TiZr)5Si3)/TA15 composites: (a) SEM-SE micrograph, (b) high magnification SEM-SE micrograph, (c) TEM-BF image of silicides, (d) SAD patterns of point 1 (the silicide) in (c).
	(a) Schematic illustration of synthetic route of NCTs, SEM and TEM images of (b, e, h) NCTs-0.1–30, (c, f, i) NCTs-0.1–70 and (d, g, j) NCTs-0.1–90, (k) SEM and corresponding elemental mapping images of NCTs-0.1–70.
	Heat evolution as a function of time in mixtures with MBA at different
	X-ray diffractograms of (a) raw materials and (b) Rietveld analysis result of raw cement. The annotations indicate the following: F—brownmillerite, BA—basanite, A—alite, B—belite, M—periclase, CA—calcium aluminate, and Q—quartz.
	TEM images of (a, b) pristine LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 and (c, d) 1.0 wt%WO3 coated LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 and the insets in (b) and (d) show the corresponding FFT and IFFT.
	Relative humidity of the (a) exterior bricks interface to outdoor climate, (b) exterior bricks interface to insulation layer, (c) interior bricks interface to insulation layer, (d) interior bricks interface to indoor climate.
	(A) Contact angle images between the membranes and water (t = 1 s), the θ value is shown in the inset. (B) Mechanical tensile strength tests.

Reaction rate vs H2O2 concentration for platinum (Sigma-Aldrich, left) and manganese oxide (MnOx-1200–02, right). The correlation with a first-order rate law (linear fit) is shown.

Schematic of specimens for mode I, mode II and mixed-mode fracture toughness. (a) Single edge notch beam (SENB) specimen for mode I fracture toughness; (b) Cracked butterfly-shape specimen for mode II and mixed-mode fracture toughness.

Comparison of difference between measured and computed stress-strain curves for all three methods.

XRD relative spectra curves: (a) XRD measured curves of untreated and modified MT particles and (b) refined XRD pattern of U-MT particles.

SEM analysis of 1 % nano mixed -PCM.

XRD spectra of anatase (black) and brookite (red) TiO2 (reference: Pearson's Crystal Data), FA-zeolite (blue), sample FA-USN (orange), FA-USB (dark cyan) and FA-USA (magenta). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Volume shrinkage and Density of samples after sintering at 1200 ◦C with different pretreated steel slag contents.

MOE evolution since casting: a) up to 24 h; up to 168 h).

Information of surface profiles for the TC4 titanium alloy after the filtering process: (a) 2D surface profile, with corresponding 3D surface profile morphology as (d); (b) magnified image of the rectangular area in (a), with corresponding 3D surface profile morphology as (e); (c) magnified image of the rectangular area in (a), with corresponding 3D surface profile morphology as (f).

A discretized Gaussian trap distribution.

Microstructure of technically pure iron – (a, d, g), Fe-2.5%Si alloy – (b, e, h) and low-carbon steel S235JR – (c, f, i) characterised by the CLSM metallographic images – (a–c), EBSD inverse pole figure (IPF) maps – (d–f) and distribution histograms of angles of misorientation between grains superimposed with theoretical random Mackenzie's distribution – (g–i).

SEM image of SCBA grains and corresponding element mappings based on EDS.

Three-dimensional (3D) inner displacement field at different positions of a sandwich beam specimen when the applied load is 1000 N .](#page-16-0) The copyright permission for this figure has been granted.

Showing that experimentally simulating the high rate response of all grades of NR is possible with the use of low temperature quasi-static analogue experiments.

Contours of the major strain prior to fracture for several Marciniak tests. The test specimens for intermediate biaxial stretching exhibited multiple localized necks in the DP1180 steel.

Numerical and experimental results comparisons for Mode I and Mode II testing conditions.

Stress distribution of carbon fiber tows with different twist angles for intersecting circular cross-section models.

Diffusion of CO2 into pure air dispersed in polystyrene foam sample.

Thermal loads for a single house in a hot climatic region.

SEM image of CNT/CNC nanocomposite buckypaper. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

4-point bending test setup: (a) general view; (b) test setup.

FESEM images of (a, b) the Oxalate precursor and (c, d) walnut-shell-like NaNCMA-3 sample, (e) TEM image and the corresponding EDS mapping of one walnut-shell-like NaNCMA-3 particle. (f) HRTEM image and (g) the corresponding SAED pattern of the selected area in (#page-5-0) (marked with yellow circle). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

The visco-hyperelastic material model prediction vs. experiment for A30 and T+ tensile (A,B) and compressive (C,D) responses at various strain rates.

The Ensemble-Learned Spectra IdEntification (ELSIE) algorithm. In the first step, the absorption species is identified and used to narrow down the candidate computed reference spectra. In the second step, the spectral matching ensemble yields a rank-ordered list of computational spectra according to similarity with respect to the target spectrum. Reproduced with permission from Ref. .](#page-6-24)

Patterns of XRD for pure 0.1M(CdS3), with PVP 0.1M(CdS-wPVP) and un-doped 0.5M(CdS2).

MAS NMR spectra recorded from (a, b) monetite and (c, d) brushite powders. The left panel displays 31P spectra recorded at 14.00 kHz MAS. The right panel contrasts 1 H NMR results obtained at MAS rates of 34 kHz (black traces) and 14.00 kHz (red traces). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

3. The desired false alarm probabilities matched well with the simulation results. The false alarm probability was calculated by dividing the number of raised alarms by the total number of ID calculation during operation. In addition to counting the total alarms, alarms raised at each KMP were monitored. The detailed numerical data is shown in (#page-9-0)

The Initial damage mark: (a) Crack mark of warp yarn; (b) Crack mark of weft yarn; (c) Distribution of initial damage crack.

(a) TEM micrograph (b) SAED pattern and (c) HRTEM micrograph of as- synthesized ZnSe NRs.

Influence of tyre rubber (in %) on coefficient of permeability. Fig. 12. Cohesion and angle of internal friction vs tyre rubber (in %).

The variation of battery temperature at different ambient temperature at discharge rate of 2C: (a) temperature rise under box and air cooled (b) temperature rise under CPCM0 and CPCM1 cooled.

(a, b) DSC curves; (c) Phase change enthalpies and temperatures of PW and PW-CMF@Co/NC composite PCMs; (d) Infrared images of PW and PW-CMF@Co/ NC-900; (e) Schematic illustration of heat transfer mechanism; (f) DSC curves of PW-CMF@Co/NC-900 composite PCMs after different times thermal cycling; (g) IR thermal images of wood puppet placed oven at 100 ℃.

Geometrical sizes of the rivet.

Micro-hardness distribution along deposited direction.

FBS fatigue relationships at different temperatures - power curve adjustments.

Photocatalytic degradation of BR18 dye for 25ZnO/75MG1 and 75ZnO/25MG1.

TEM image of the three-component Fe3O4/QSM/Ag composite.

Local laser heating: a) hardness measurements along the longitudinal path; b) comparison with the predicted values.

Streaming current coefficient (Is/ΔP) of the unmodified, PAH modified and PEI/PSS/PAH modified RC membranes versus gap height; Solution: 0.001 M KCl at pH 5.40 ± 0.05.

Effect of operating parameters including temperature, reaction time, and water content on hydrochar yield during biomass HTC process.

(a, c, e) The inverse (IPF) and (b, d, f) pole-figure (PF) plots showing the crystallographic textural maps obtained by EBSD analysis demonstrating the preferred orientations for (a, b) X-, (c, d) Y-, and (e, f) Z-sections of consolidated nanocomposite cubic structure.

Thermal conductivity setup using ISOMET.

REELS spectra at different primary energies for (a) HOPG, (b) carbon fiber and (c) carbon glass. (d) Comparison on the RELLS spectra for the three materials. The energy spectrum is normalized by the elastic peak height.

Spectral comparison between textile samples with different physical properties. (the 1st column: reflectance spectra; the 2nd column: CR spectra).

Experimental tensile true stress – true strain curves (color should be used in print).

The calculation of flat-band potentials of (a) NF-ldh (b) NF-ldh/gCN (c) NF-ldh/MXene by the Mott-Schottky measurements.

Absorbance spectrum of the Epon 828/MXD system containing 2% nonylphenol obtained during DIW printing using an inline spectrometer. Peaks of interests are marked with vertical lines.

Comparison of (a) observed and (b) simulated Raman spectra of the PCOH.

Three points chosen to compare the results between the two scenarios (this plot shows the first scenario of implantation in which the cylinder's outer diameter is 13.8 mm).

Experimental set up adopted for the Laser Heat treatments and geometry of the specimen.

Variance distributions of W14 a) stylized shark and b) octopus.

Band Alignment of PVA/p-Si heterojunction.

Precursor powders calcined at different temperatures: (a–d) TEM images; (e) particle size distribution.

The dependence of (αh v) 1/2 ON (h v) for PEO/CMC blend and PEO/ CMC/ZnO/TiO2 NP at various concentrations.

DLS size distribution profiles of PPPs: a) CS; b) EC; c) OD; d) WP.

Coefficient and observed vs. predicted plots for the temperature profile smoothness.

Nyquist plots of both β-Co(OH)2 microflowers and microclews with a simulated equivalent circuit in the inset.

Experimentally obtained amplitude P-UPS plot for an aluminum plate of thickness d = ± 1.500 0.002 mm and density ρ = 2700 kg/m3. Note the circular patterns suggesting an isotropic symmetry.

High-resolution microscopy of interfacial bonding between (a-c) alumina and (d-f) complex nanoparticles with the steel matrix: (a, d) BF, (b, e) DF, and (c, f) HAADF TEM images.

Representation of the Gaussian DOS for the mobile carriers (here electrons), figuring the transport energy level Eμ, a discrete trap level Et, and the Fermi energy level EF during the relaxation of traps.

(a) C 1s and (b) S 2p XPS core level spectra and (c) atomic concentration depth profiles of pure poly(3-hexylthiophene) film obtained using continual Ar ion and Ar gas cluster ion beam sputtering.

Negative second-order differentiation of AES spectra of HOPG, carbon fiber and carbon glass.

EBSD grain boundary maps of a) ODS\_WQ\_450, b) ODS\_WQ\_RT and c) ODS\_AC\_RT specimens. HAGBs (grain boundary misorientation angle ≥ 15°) and LAGBs (grain boundary misorientation angle between 5° and 15°) are coloured red and blue, respectively. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

(A) Degradation time profile at different H2O2 concentrations (0.1 g Co-BDC), (B) degradation time profile at different Co-BDC doses (1 mM H2O2), (C) pseudo-first-order plots of MB degradation at different H2O2 concentrations, and (D) pseudo-first-order plots of MB degradation at different Co-BDC doses.

SEM images of Cr-embedded MOF-199 with de novo synthesis temperature of (a) 45 C, (b) 65 C, (c) 85 C. Particle size distribution was calculated from the SEM images and shows in (d), (e), and (f). Reprinted with permission from Ref. ](#page-15-0).

Test set-up of the ring-on-ring test.

Variations of fractal dimensions.

SEM-EDXS micrographs of RO paper: upper surface at low magnification a), food-facing surface at low magnification b), upper surface at 100 μm magnification c), particles in the print d), cross-section of the print area of the upper side e) and f).

Kinetic studies of brexin in the presence of synthesized photocatalysts (a) Ceq/Ct versus time, (b) – ln (Ceq/Ct) versus time, (c) the values of rate constant (k), and (d) percentage degradation.

High resolution-XPS spectra: (a) TC0 (Ti2p and O1s); (b) TC2 (Ti2p, Cu2p, O1s and S2p); (c) TC7 (Cu2p, O1s and S2p).

(a) Crystallographic orientation of the oligocrystalline tensile specimen in the colors of the inverse pole figure according to the load axis (horizontal). Local strain fields plotted with respect to the load axis (horizontal) εxx at the state of maximum strain with marked HAGB (white dotted line) (b), (d), (f), and after unloading (c), (e), (g). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

3D tomographic reconstruction of the δ and η phases: A) top view; B) perspective view.

(A) SEM images of nanoporous HA microparticles at different magnification scales. (B) Particle size distribution of nanoporous HA microparticles by laser diffraction technique.

Linear correlations for porosity and density parameters.

Diagram plotting the FWHM of D1 against VReq of shales. The spectra of carbon from low to high maturity shale (first order region) are shown with the deconvolution into 4 bands following the procedure of (#page-16-50) The temperatures are average values calculated using all the Raman spectra of the organic matter particles and the standard deviation is indicated in brackets.

Optical transmission of PMMA pure and doped with Tb(tmhd)3 and RhB. The concentrations of samples A to E are in (#page-1-0)

a: EDX results and b: XRD results of S1, S2 and S3.

XPS high-resolution spectra for the fouled and virgin membranes. C 1s, O 1s, N 1s, and Si 2p are depicted in columns 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively. Spectra for the feed and brine membrane coupons from Stage 1 (rows 1 and 2 in blue), Stage 2 (rows 3 and 4 in red), and Stage 3 (rows 5 and 6 in green). The bottom row in black is the negative control of the virgin ESPA2 membrane. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Schematic diagram of inkjet printing.

Unconfined compression for three samples at Diablo Regimiento mine .

e The capacitance retention (black) and Coulombic efficiency (red) of (a) MCO-NWs@NF//AC HSC and (b) MCO-MCs@NF//AC HSC during 5000 cycles at 6 A g¡1 , and the insets presented the last ten cycles. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

IPF and Z-IPF maps of LPBF DSS 2205 taken from (a) AB build plane (b) AB build direction (c) HT build plane and (d) HT build direction.

SEM micrograph (SE-mode) of the 10Mg–Zr fibers sintered at 700 °C with a heating rate of 1 K/min.

Room temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectra at 266 nm excitation wavelength for the different as-prepared samples. The PL intensity is depicted in arbitrary units and does not contain information about relative intensities between the measured spectra.

Role of biopolymers and biopolymer composites loaded with therapeutics such as Growth Factors, Cytokines, Antioxidants and Enzyme inhibitory agents that were processed as formulations and hydrogels in the process of accelerated wound healing.

The charge/discharge potential profiles at the current density of 1 C (a), the Nyquist plots (b) of Co-SPCP/S and C-MOFs/S cathodes, CV curves of the Co-SPCP/S cathode from the 1st to 5th cycle over a voltage range of 1.6–2.8 V at a sweep rate of 0.2 mV s−1 (c).

Results of predictions of created ML models for the amplitude and phase of umbo. Results of five random samples from the testing dataset are presented here. The ML models can fairly represent the amplitude and phase of the umbo at almost all frequencies. The difference between the predicted and true values of the displacement amplitude of the umbo in these 5 samples is less than 2 dB at more than 90% of frequencies. Also, for all samples shown in this figure, the cosine difference between the true and predi

Photographs of printed parts, adjusted for visual clarity. (A) Larger scale lattice of the design in (#page-2-0)G, used in fluid applications .](#page-12-0) Approximate dimensions: 50 mm diameter x 50 mm height; lc = 2.4 mm; r \ = 0.11. (B) Lattice designs from (#page-5-0)A-F, from left to right. Approximate dimensions: 5.5 mm × 6 mm × 6.4 mm (small); lc = 3 mm; r \ = 0.07; large parts are scaled linearly by 3x. (C) GE engine bracket consisting of internal struts, boundary struts, wireframe edges (left, fro

The influence of WTS content on DBT, IST, and 1-day compressive strength in CLSM of 0.65 w/b and 5% A.

(a, b) Ex-situ FE-SEM images of the Fe3S4 (150 °C) electrode in the discharged state after 200th cycles at different magnifications; (c) EDS images of the Fe3S4 (150 °C) electrode in the discharged state after the 200th cycles. (d, e) FE-SEM images of the Fe3S4 (150 °C) electrode in the charged state after 200th cycles at different magnifications;.

Chromium oxide films under different oxygen partial pressures: (a) Ultraviolet–visible absorption spectra, (b) Band gap diagrams calculated using the Tauc plot, (c) Resistivity versus oxygen partial pressure diagram, (d) Graph of film thickness variation with oxygen partial pressure.

Static engineering stress-strain curves at 600 ◦C for Vertical specimens produced by LPBF and tested as built.

Mass spectra of size-selected particles produced in the HS engine regime and sampled with (red line – HS\_CS, top spectra) and without (blue line – HS, bottom spectra) the catalytic stripper. The labels indicate the corresponding NanoMOUDI size-bin.

Microstructure of the as-sintered (TiC+TiB+(TiZr)5Si3)/TA15 composites: (a) SEM-SE micrograph, (b) high magnification SEM-SE micrograph, (c) TEM-BF image of silicides, (d) SAD patterns of point 1 (the silicide) in (c).

(a) Schematic illustration of synthetic route of NCTs, SEM and TEM images of (b, e, h) NCTs-0.1–30, (c, f, i) NCTs-0.1–70 and (d, g, j) NCTs-0.1–90, (k) SEM and corresponding elemental mapping images of NCTs-0.1–70.

Heat evolution as a function of time in mixtures with MBA at different

X-ray diffractograms of (a) raw materials and (b) Rietveld analysis result of raw cement. The annotations indicate the following: F—brownmillerite, BA—basanite, A—alite, B—belite, M—periclase, CA—calcium aluminate, and Q—quartz.

TEM images of (a, b) pristine LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 and (c, d) 1.0 wt%WO3 coated LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 and the insets in (b) and (d) show the corresponding FFT and IFFT.

Relative humidity of the (a) exterior bricks interface to outdoor climate, (b) exterior bricks interface to insulation layer, (c) interior bricks interface to insulation layer, (d) interior bricks interface to indoor climate.

(A) Contact angle images between the membranes and water (t = 1 s), the θ value is shown in the inset. (B) Mechanical tensile strength tests.