subham2507/charecterization_paper_dataset · Datasets at Hugging Face

image imagewidth (px) 384 384	caption stringlengths 0 512
	The effect of curvature ratios on the natural frequencies of GFRP panels with various wt% of graphene reinforcement under CCCC end conditions.
	(a) Schematic representation of CNF/CNT/RGO fabrication process. (b) Illustration of the interaction between CNF, CNT, and RGO. (c) Schematic diagram of ice crystal growth mechanism. (d) Schematic illustration of the design of the CF-CNF/MWCNT/MnO2 and CF-CNF/ MWCNT/AC flexible electrodes, and the construction of flexible ASCs. (e) Graphical depiction of the self-assembly of the ternary bio-AC/RGO/CNF aerogel. (f) Digital image of the self-supporting hybrid aerogel electrode. (g) Demonstration of the LED li
	: Separated behavior of the (a) axial force and (b) cutting torque of the full cutting lip, the primary cutting edges and the chisel edge during the defined cycles of tool rotation at (n = 6000 rev/min, and fr =0.15 mm/rev).
	(a) Temperature, (b) stress distribution by FEM results of the blade airfoil.
	(continued).
	The tensile property of graded materials: (a) The tensile strain-strength curve. (b) Fractographs of broken pieces.
	High-resolution X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) data for W, B, O, S, and C.
	XRD spectrum of the PVA and the PVA/Nd2O3.
	Remaining concentration of each hormone C/C0 in different intervals of time (left y-axis); and Estrogenicity reduction expressed as ln EQ-E2 (right yaxis) during adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of E1, E2, EE2 and LEVO in water containing 100 mg L− 1 of TiO2-AC15%-541. o = 100 μg L− 1 ; o = 90 μg L− 1 ; o = 75 μg L− 1 ; o = 62 μg L− 1 . Control (solution without composite).
	Radial zone 1 (between the two red lines in (a)) shows features of dual phases matrix; The higher magnification SEM image shows both phases containing a large number of fine pores and precipitates (b); STEM dark field (DF) image shows some of the pores are surrounded by nano precipitates (c); STEM-EDS shows the two matrix phases have different ratios of U/Pu: The left grain is rich in U while the right in Pu. Nano precipitates are rich in Pu and Zr compared with the matrix (d-f); SAED pattern indexing shows
	(a, b) SEM images of B–V2O3@C. (c) TEM image of B–V2O3@C, (d) HR-TEM image, (e) SEAD pattern, (f) HADDF and (g–i) mapping images of B–V2O3@C.
	Displacement field, (a),(b) and (c) calculated by FEM; (d),(e) and (f) measured by 3D-DIC.
	Porosity area in A) 0◦, B) 45◦ and C) 90◦ obtained by Leica DM6 M and post processed by ImageJ.
	(a) N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm; (b) FT-IR spectra; (c) XRD pattern of DMC and DMC/MnO2 and (d) XPS spectra of DMC/MnO2.
	(a) XRD pattern and (b) TGA analysis of the composite.
	Data from reference: 10a. C1s spectra of diamond and graphite; 10b. CKLL spectra (differentiated) of diamond and graphite.
	Fabrication and characterization procedure flowchart of inkjet-printed LSCF symmetric cell.
	Thermal analysis – (TGA-DTA) - G4C3NBM.
	(a). Schematic diagram of degradation mechanism (b) TEM image of Au/Ag-NPs after degradation.
	The curve of friction coefficient-time: (a) 100% 316L + 0% Inconel625; (b) 80% 316L + 20% Inconel625; (c) 60% 316L + 40% Inconel625; (d) 40% 316L + 60% Inconel625;(e)20%316L + 80%Inconel625; (f) 0% 316L + 100% Inconel625.
	Surface SEM images of the Ti6Al4V alloy coated with Nb2O5 thin film, (a) SE image of the Ti6Al4V alloy, and (b) BSE image. Magnification of 10.0 kx.
	Ternary graph main oxides based in sample cluster.
	Schematic of (a) the T-C asymmetry in the HRDB and (b) the measuring locations of pole figures.
	X-ray diffraction pattern of the 3Y–Zr fibers sintered with a heating rate of 10 K/min a) 1100 °C and b) 1350 °C.
	Measured logarithmic stress vs. strain curves from all the ROIs considered. For better understanding the figure, the reader is referred to the web version of the paper.
	Schematic outline and morphological analysis of the Dynamic42 3D model. (A) Assembled 3D model in the Dynamic42 biochip under unidirectional vascular perfusion (red arrows). Models contain a vascular cell layer (1) formed by expanded upcyte® LSECs (donor 462) and an opposed hepatic layer (3) consisting of upcyte® hepatocytes (donor 732–03). Both cell layers are separated by a porous membrane (2). Figures were created with BioRender.com. (B) Immunofluorescence staining of control-treated models after 7 days
	XPS spectra, (a) the full survey, (b) Mg 1 s, (c) O 1 s and (d) C 1 s of Mg-BTC, MgO/C, SPC and SAPC.
	Side-by-side comparison of propane reactivity on Pt-only, PtSn-0hr, and PtSn-12hr, under the same process conditions (550 C, 0.05 atm propane, 0.1 atm H2, 5 mg catalyst).
	Common products in the thermal- and photo-oxidative degradation processes for polyethylene. Please note that "R" represents a polymer chain of variable length.
	The strain map in the ROI 2 of 2D plates under 4-P flexural test (from left to right: pure SMC, 0/90, +45/− 45, and combined towpreg reinforced SMC.
	A typical FTIR absorption spectrum with absorption peaks of intact human articular cartilage extracted from a single pixel within the estimated PCM region and the ECM. The shaded area shows the baseline-corrected amide I peak region (1720-1585 cm−1) for the PCM spectrum.
	Adsorption isotherm measured with a single RH step equilibrium, gradual RH steps and DVS.
	CT image of Han dynasty basin fragment CML 37 with a repair patch, which was fixed on the outer surface with rivets entered from the patch.
	Observed defects in SrFeO composite (left) and NdFeB composite (right) printed using resins containing 25 wt% magnetic fillers.
	Numerical simulation results presented for single struts: FEA of CAD model (left), FEA of CT reconstructed model(right).
	Illustration of air void formation induced by extending the time gap between layers, adapted from Ref. (#page-22-0)].
	PLOT OF COATS-REDFERN RELATION
	The structure of Graphene Oxide (GO).
	(a) Bright-field STEM image of stacked Gr layers and EELS recorded at locations A, B and C where 'A' represents Gr region, 'B' a transitional interface region, and 'C', a predominantly GC zone. (b) Summed low-loss EELS and multi-acquire high-loss EELS acquired at Gr and GC regions. (A colour version of this figure can be viewed online.)
	Cavities in the structure per unit cell. The cavities are represented by grey-yellow spheres (Zz).
	Fiber extraction process through mechanical and chemical methods.
	Flow chart of pseudorandom geometry method.
	AlH3 thin film surface morphology: (a) SEM tilted view at the edge, highlighting the topography and providing a perspective on the texture and uniformity of the film; (b) thickness distribution illustrating the spatial variation in thickness; and (c) thickness frequency histogram showing the distribution results of thickness measurements.
	Percentage of inhibition of biofilm formation with pure g-C3N4 and 10%-3C–SiC@g-C3N4 nanocomposite for MDR-PA (a) and MRSA (b).
	The ratio of intensities for CDB spectra for In2O3 and Fe2O3 and their NCs are obtained by dividing point-by-point, curve-by-curve, with Aluminum metal as reference. Inset: zoom of the selected area.
	TEM image (a) and element mapping (b–e) of LiFePO4@MWCNTs.
	Moment-rotation curve of the semi-rigid joint.
	Virtual concrete filled mock-up drum case.
	A: Variation of the specific capacitance of S3 electrodes as a function of cycle number measured at 100 mV/s; B: GCD curve of S3 at 100 µA/cm2 .
	A) EIS spectra of the bare SPCE and Eu2O3/SPCE; B) CV voltammograms at 50 mV/s for bare SPCE and Eu2O3/SPCE; C) CV voltammograms at various scan rates at Eu2O3/SPCE. Testing solution 5 mM of Fe2+/3+ in 0.1 M KCl.
	Schematic illustrations of the preparation of TPC from the APF.
	Percentage of weight loss and values of sample weight at the inflection points for a) biochar and b) lignin compounds.
	Cyclic voltammetry of (a) bare MnCO3, (b) MnCO3/Mn3O4 and (c) graphene-wrapped MnCO3/Mn3O4 nanocomposite, (d) Nyquist plots of different anode materials.
	(a) The comprehensive flowchart outlining the recovery process of Dy and Nd from waste Nd magnets. (b) Utilizing UiO-66 coated with ionic liquid to capture Gd3 + in solution (c) Depicting the model for supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) extraction (d) A schematic representation of the rare earth oxides separation process (#page-7-0)–30] e) Image of the magnet and f) printed circuit board dismantle from the e-waste.
	Shear Force-Shear displacement curve for sand and sand-tyre mixes, (a) Sand (b) Sand + 10 % TR (c) Sand + 20 % TR (d) Sand + 30 % TR.
	Equivalent circuit models of an alkaline water electrolyser with 2D-electrodes.
	Acquisition of predicted fracture locus based on bilinear strain paths.
	Localization of the studied area. (a) Regions of occurrence of the chocolate flint deposits: Krakow-Cz ´ ęstochowa Upland (KCU, yellow) and Holy Cross Mountains (HCM, blue). (b) The area indicated in (a) with marked Stone Age archaeological sites bearing chocolate flint artefacts (1–31). Frame indicates the Załęze ˙ gully area shown in (c), (#page-6-0), and (#page-3-0) A-B line indicates the line of the geological cross-section shown in (#page-8-0). (c) Magnification of the area indicated in (b). (For inter
	Result of quasi-static compression test on UHMWPE in air at room temperature (RT), instrumented with digital image correlation (DIC).
	N2 absorption–desorption isotherms of designed as-prepared electrodes (Ni-Co, CoMn2O4, and Ni-Co/CoMn2O4) samples.
	(a) The XRD pattern with simulation of 3D latice structure; (b) the simulated SAED pattern of CdSo,Sep. by CaRine3.1 program.
	a) Result of the EBSD-based analysis of the twin volume fraction, b) cumulative integrated intensity changes of the (0002) and (10 1 3) diffraction peaks.
	XRD spectrum of classified IBA for 1.18–6.3 mm particle size range.
	FT-IR spectra of different samples.
	A. PMMA master template used to create PDMS MN arrays. B. PDMS MN sample containing glucose particles peeled-off from PMMA master template. C. Frequency distribution of MN height (n = 137). D–H: SEM images of PDMS-modified MNs. D. PDMS bare-MN array, E. PDMS bare-MN, F. PDMS-Glucose 5 % MN (PDMS-Glu5), G. PDMS-Glucose 10 % MN (PDMS-Glu10), H. PDMS-Silica 5 % MN (PDMS-Si5/0.1), treated with 0.1 M NaOH, I. PDMS-Silica 10 % MN, treated with 0.1 M NaOH (PDMS-Si10/0.1), J. PDMS-Silica 10 % MN, treated with 0.5
	Bioaccessibility of C3G and D3G during the in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion of phospholipid-stabilized emulsions in the presence of metmyoglobin (30 µM) and the DJP-US extract or pure C3G. Values represent mean ± SD (n = 3).
	A) CV responses of GCE (a), GQDs@GCE (b), GQDs@La3+@ZrO2 (c) in 5 mM 3− /4− at 30 mVs− 1 scan rate; B) Nyquist plot of GCE (a), GQDs@GCE (b), GQDs@La3+@ZrO2 in 5 mM 3− /4− ; C) CVs at different scan rate (20–200 mVs− 1 ); D) Relationship between peak current and square root of the scan rate.
	Detailed classification of current status for separation of cathode materials and Al foil.
	SEM images of (a) pure expanded graphite, (b) the DSP/CNF-EG composite, (c) thermal bridge network of CNF and (d) thermal network of CNF .](#page-26-0) Reproduced with the permission of IOP Publishing.
	A schematic of the fluid channel and sample in the model. The green vertical lines mark the positions of the hypothetical electrodes. The letters are primarily used to assign boundary conditions, and their details can be found in (#page-5-0)
	Selected regions for EBSD copying modeling.
	Wear performance of the three different sets of blades in the knife mill tests. a) Average recessing gaps of the blade tips over the amount of feedstock processed. b) Average volume losses of the blade tips converted from the recessing gaps over the amount of feedstock processed.
	(a) XRD pattern, and XPS spectra (b) survey scan, (c) high resolution Sr 3d and (d) high resolution Fe 2p of SrFe12O19 NR/G-29.7.
	Histograms of tested parameters in monotonic punching tests of non-prestressed flat slab specimens with normal-weight HSC: a) specimen thickness; b) ratio As/Ac; c) concrete strength; d) average flexural reinforcement ratio; e) test setup conditions; f) presence of punching shear reinforcement.
	The schematic structure of the unexposed and degraded MC carbide.
	Experimental and computational nominal stress strain relationships at 21 m/s and 30 m/s impact for a) ACS\_V1, b) ACS\_V2\_RD6, and c) ACS\_V2\_RD9.
	: TEM micrographs for BaZnxZrxFe12-2xO19 (x= 0.50)
	Electrochemical performance of Ni3(C8H4O4)3(C3H7NO)4: cycling performance profiles.
	DSC curve for TNT-ATL.
	The total density of states of (Mn)@(g-CN1)2 was calculated at HSE (black solid line) and PBE (red solid line) levels of theory.
	Finite element analysis - bending behavior under a pressure of 25 psi. Von Mises Stress .
	Incoming and outgoing angles of transmission relative to the sample fenestration material.
	(a) In-situ SEM imaging of lithium plating/stripping on Li/Cu electrodes: The figures and photos of in-situ liquid cell (left side), the SEM images (right side) (scale bar: 20 lm) (Reproduced with permission from ref. ](#page-19-0) Copyright 2017 Wiley–VCH); (b) variant Li plating morphologies under elevated oxygen pressure (Reproduced with permission from ref. ](#page-19-0) Copyright 2018 American Chemical Society); (c) schematic and photo of experiment setup and in-situ SEM images of Cu-Si nanolattice dur
	SEM images of MnO2 (a and b), NiMoO4 (c and d), and NiMoO4@MnO2 (e and f).
	Resonance frequency (a) and Q factor (b) of fully suspended pyrolytic carbon string resonators. Data is presented as mean ± SD (n = 5).
	(a) NIR persistent luminescence decay curves for BGO: 0.005Bi3+,yLi+ (monitored at 710 nm after 254 nm UV light illumination for 5 min), (b) thermoluminescence (TL) curves of BGO:0.005Bi3+, yLi+(y = 0,0.001,0.02).
	(a) XRD patterns of ZnMn2O4/NG and pure ZnMn2O4. (b) SEM, (c and d) TEM, (e) corresponded particle size distribution and (f) HRTEM images of prepared ZnMn2O4/NG.
	PL and Raman maps of MoS2 on HOPG. a) AFM topography and b) phase images. c) Single-layer height profile of the regions visible in d) the optical microscopy image. The red lines are linear fits for the substrate and MoS2 monolayer profile with the fitting errors. e) PL map with regions of interest labeled: Amonolayer MoS2, B-bilayer MoS2, C-trilayer MoS2, and D-HOPG. f) PL spectra from different regions of interest. g) Raman intensity map. h) Raman spectra from different regions. (For interpretation of the
	(a) Morphology and structure of HGNs: TEM and corresponding energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) mapping of elemental Ni, C, and S and high-resolution (HR-TEM) images of Ni/Ni3-xS2@C; SEM, high magnification of SEM, TEM, and HR-TEM images of HGNs ](#page-24-4) Copyright 2014,American Chemical Society; (b) SEM and TEM images of ZIF-67, single-shelled ZIF-67@LDH, double-shelled CH@LDH nanocages, and CH@LDH/S ](#page-24-5) Copyright 2016, Wiley-VCH; (c) Characterization of vertically aligned S-G arrays ](#page
	Necking effect correction curves: strain correction (ε¯ - εe) and stress correction (σ¯ - σe).
	Petri dishes of the antimicrobial assays for native chitosan and permethylated chitosan grafted materials.
	Metallographic cross section.
	SEM image of the pristine and (A, B) ground (C, D) structures of CNC.
	oad Vs Flexural Strength (Flexural Testing)
	a) Schematic of the nanocapsules design. (b, c) Voltage profile of hollow carbon shells (b) without and (c) with Au NPs during Li deposition process, respectively. Reproduced by permission of Nature Publishing Group
	Extracted mobility from devices with P + or N + source/drain contacts and P + or N + poly-Si gate as seen from the a) front-gate b) back-gate.
	Summary of mechanical properties of the hybrid joints in the different tested configurations; 10a) Maximum Load; 10b) pullout failure energy.
	SEM images of characteristic features of (A) Stephanodiscus parvus (Biebrza river, Poland) (B-C) Aulacoseira cf. islandica (Okmin Lake, Poland), (D) Aulacoseira sp. (diatomaceous earth, DIATOMIT, Perma Guard), (E-F) Didymosphenia geminata (Wisloka river, Poland). Inputs: SEM images of the whole frustules with the designated places of the observations.
	(a) Rate performance at various current densities of 0.1 to 30 A g− 1 , (b, c) long-term cycling stability at 1 A g− 1 and 10 A g− 1 over 1000 and 6000 cycles, respectively, and (d) EIS plots of the V2O5@MoS2–2 NCs cathode.
	(a) XPS survey spectrum of MnCo2O4.5 nanosheets, and the core-level XPS spectra for (b) Mn 2p, (c) Co 2p, and (d) O 1 s, respectively.

The effect of curvature ratios on the natural frequencies of GFRP panels with various wt% of graphene reinforcement under CCCC end conditions.

(a) Schematic representation of CNF/CNT/RGO fabrication process. (b) Illustration of the interaction between CNF, CNT, and RGO. (c) Schematic diagram of ice crystal growth mechanism. (d) Schematic illustration of the design of the CF-CNF/MWCNT/MnO2 and CF-CNF/ MWCNT/AC flexible electrodes, and the construction of flexible ASCs. (e) Graphical depiction of the self-assembly of the ternary bio-AC/RGO/CNF aerogel. (f) Digital image of the self-supporting hybrid aerogel electrode. (g) Demonstration of the LED li

: Separated behavior of the (a) axial force and (b) cutting torque of the full cutting lip, the primary cutting edges and the chisel edge during the defined cycles of tool rotation at (n = 6000 rev/min, and fr =0.15 mm/rev).

(a) Temperature, (b) stress distribution by FEM results of the blade airfoil.

(continued).

The tensile property of graded materials: (a) The tensile strain-strength curve. (b) Fractographs of broken pieces.

High-resolution X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) data for W, B, O, S, and C.

XRD spectrum of the PVA and the PVA/Nd2O3.

Remaining concentration of each hormone C/C0 in different intervals of time (left y-axis); and Estrogenicity reduction expressed as ln EQ-E2 (right yaxis) during adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of E1, E2, EE2 and LEVO in water containing 100 mg L− 1 of TiO2-AC15%-541. o = 100 μg L− 1 ; o = 90 μg L− 1 ; o = 75 μg L− 1 ; o = 62 μg L− 1 . Control (solution without composite).

Radial zone 1 (between the two red lines in (a)) shows features of dual phases matrix; The higher magnification SEM image shows both phases containing a large number of fine pores and precipitates (b); STEM dark field (DF) image shows some of the pores are surrounded by nano precipitates (c); STEM-EDS shows the two matrix phases have different ratios of U/Pu: The left grain is rich in U while the right in Pu. Nano precipitates are rich in Pu and Zr compared with the matrix (d-f); SAED pattern indexing shows

(a, b) SEM images of B–V2O3@C. (c) TEM image of B–V2O3@C, (d) HR-TEM image, (e) SEAD pattern, (f) HADDF and (g–i) mapping images of B–V2O3@C.

Displacement field, (a),(b) and (c) calculated by FEM; (d),(e) and (f) measured by 3D-DIC.

Porosity area in A) 0◦, B) 45◦ and C) 90◦ obtained by Leica DM6 M and post processed by ImageJ.

(a) N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm; (b) FT-IR spectra; (c) XRD pattern of DMC and DMC/MnO2 and (d) XPS spectra of DMC/MnO2.

(a) XRD pattern and (b) TGA analysis of the composite.

Data from reference: 10a. C1s spectra of diamond and graphite; 10b. CKLL spectra (differentiated) of diamond and graphite.

Fabrication and characterization procedure flowchart of inkjet-printed LSCF symmetric cell.

Thermal analysis – (TGA-DTA) - G4C3NBM.

(a). Schematic diagram of degradation mechanism (b) TEM image of Au/Ag-NPs after degradation.

The curve of friction coefficient-time: (a) 100% 316L + 0% Inconel625; (b) 80% 316L + 20% Inconel625; (c) 60% 316L + 40% Inconel625; (d) 40% 316L + 60% Inconel625;(e)20%316L + 80%Inconel625; (f) 0% 316L + 100% Inconel625.

Surface SEM images of the Ti6Al4V alloy coated with Nb2O5 thin film, (a) SE image of the Ti6Al4V alloy, and (b) BSE image. Magnification of 10.0 kx.

Ternary graph main oxides based in sample cluster.

Schematic of (a) the T-C asymmetry in the HRDB and (b) the measuring locations of pole figures.

X-ray diffraction pattern of the 3Y–Zr fibers sintered with a heating rate of 10 K/min a) 1100 °C and b) 1350 °C.

Measured logarithmic stress vs. strain curves from all the ROIs considered. For better understanding the figure, the reader is referred to the web version of the paper.

Schematic outline and morphological analysis of the Dynamic42 3D model. (A) Assembled 3D model in the Dynamic42 biochip under unidirectional vascular perfusion (red arrows). Models contain a vascular cell layer (1) formed by expanded upcyte® LSECs (donor 462) and an opposed hepatic layer (3) consisting of upcyte® hepatocytes (donor 732–03). Both cell layers are separated by a porous membrane (2). Figures were created with BioRender.com. (B) Immunofluorescence staining of control-treated models after 7 days

XPS spectra, (a) the full survey, (b) Mg 1 s, (c) O 1 s and (d) C 1 s of Mg-BTC, MgO/C, SPC and SAPC.

Side-by-side comparison of propane reactivity on Pt-only, PtSn-0hr, and PtSn-12hr, under the same process conditions (550 C, 0.05 atm propane, 0.1 atm H2, 5 mg catalyst).

Common products in the thermal- and photo-oxidative degradation processes for polyethylene. Please note that "R" represents a polymer chain of variable length.

The strain map in the ROI 2 of 2D plates under 4-P flexural test (from left to right: pure SMC, 0/90, +45/− 45, and combined towpreg reinforced SMC.

A typical FTIR absorption spectrum with absorption peaks of intact human articular cartilage extracted from a single pixel within the estimated PCM region and the ECM. The shaded area shows the baseline-corrected amide I peak region (1720-1585 cm−1) for the PCM spectrum.

Adsorption isotherm measured with a single RH step equilibrium, gradual RH steps and DVS.

CT image of Han dynasty basin fragment CML 37 with a repair patch, which was fixed on the outer surface with rivets entered from the patch.

Observed defects in SrFeO composite (left) and NdFeB composite (right) printed using resins containing 25 wt% magnetic fillers.

Numerical simulation results presented for single struts: FEA of CAD model (left), FEA of CT reconstructed model(right).

Illustration of air void formation induced by extending the time gap between layers, adapted from Ref. (#page-22-0)].

PLOT OF COATS-REDFERN RELATION

The structure of Graphene Oxide (GO).

(a) Bright-field STEM image of stacked Gr layers and EELS recorded at locations A, B and C where 'A' represents Gr region, 'B' a transitional interface region, and 'C', a predominantly GC zone. (b) Summed low-loss EELS and multi-acquire high-loss EELS acquired at Gr and GC regions. (A colour version of this figure can be viewed online.)

Cavities in the structure per unit cell. The cavities are represented by grey-yellow spheres (Zz).

Fiber extraction process through mechanical and chemical methods.

Flow chart of pseudorandom geometry method.

AlH3 thin film surface morphology: (a) SEM tilted view at the edge, highlighting the topography and providing a perspective on the texture and uniformity of the film; (b) thickness distribution illustrating the spatial variation in thickness; and (c) thickness frequency histogram showing the distribution results of thickness measurements.

Percentage of inhibition of biofilm formation with pure g-C3N4 and 10%-3C–SiC@g-C3N4 nanocomposite for MDR-PA (a) and MRSA (b).

The ratio of intensities for CDB spectra for In2O3 and Fe2O3 and their NCs are obtained by dividing point-by-point, curve-by-curve, with Aluminum metal as reference. Inset: zoom of the selected area.

TEM image (a) and element mapping (b–e) of LiFePO4@MWCNTs.

Moment-rotation curve of the semi-rigid joint.

Virtual concrete filled mock-up drum case.

A: Variation of the specific capacitance of S3 electrodes as a function of cycle number measured at 100 mV/s; B: GCD curve of S3 at 100 µA/cm2 .

A) EIS spectra of the bare SPCE and Eu2O3/SPCE; B) CV voltammograms at 50 mV/s for bare SPCE and Eu2O3/SPCE; C) CV voltammograms at various scan rates at Eu2O3/SPCE. Testing solution 5 mM of Fe2+/3+ in 0.1 M KCl.

Schematic illustrations of the preparation of TPC from the APF.

Percentage of weight loss and values of sample weight at the inflection points for a) biochar and b) lignin compounds.

Cyclic voltammetry of (a) bare MnCO3, (b) MnCO3/Mn3O4 and (c) graphene-wrapped MnCO3/Mn3O4 nanocomposite, (d) Nyquist plots of different anode materials.

(a) The comprehensive flowchart outlining the recovery process of Dy and Nd from waste Nd magnets. (b) Utilizing UiO-66 coated with ionic liquid to capture Gd3 + in solution (c) Depicting the model for supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) extraction (d) A schematic representation of the rare earth oxides separation process (#page-7-0)–30] e) Image of the magnet and f) printed circuit board dismantle from the e-waste.

Shear Force-Shear displacement curve for sand and sand-tyre mixes, (a) Sand (b) Sand + 10 % TR (c) Sand + 20 % TR (d) Sand + 30 % TR.

Equivalent circuit models of an alkaline water electrolyser with 2D-electrodes.

Acquisition of predicted fracture locus based on bilinear strain paths.

Localization of the studied area. (a) Regions of occurrence of the chocolate flint deposits: Krakow-Cz ´ ęstochowa Upland (KCU, yellow) and Holy Cross Mountains (HCM, blue). (b) The area indicated in (a) with marked Stone Age archaeological sites bearing chocolate flint artefacts (1–31). Frame indicates the Załęze ˙ gully area shown in (c), (#page-6-0), and (#page-3-0) A-B line indicates the line of the geological cross-section shown in (#page-8-0). (c) Magnification of the area indicated in (b). (For inter

Result of quasi-static compression test on UHMWPE in air at room temperature (RT), instrumented with digital image correlation (DIC).

N2 absorption–desorption isotherms of designed as-prepared electrodes (Ni-Co, CoMn2O4, and Ni-Co/CoMn2O4) samples.

(a) The XRD pattern with simulation of 3D latice structure; (b) the simulated SAED pattern of CdSo,Sep. by CaRine3.1 program.

a) Result of the EBSD-based analysis of the twin volume fraction, b) cumulative integrated intensity changes of the (0002) and (10 1 3) diffraction peaks.

XRD spectrum of classified IBA for 1.18–6.3 mm particle size range.

FT-IR spectra of different samples.

A. PMMA master template used to create PDMS MN arrays. B. PDMS MN sample containing glucose particles peeled-off from PMMA master template. C. Frequency distribution of MN height (n = 137). D–H: SEM images of PDMS-modified MNs. D. PDMS bare-MN array, E. PDMS bare-MN, F. PDMS-Glucose 5 % MN (PDMS-Glu5), G. PDMS-Glucose 10 % MN (PDMS-Glu10), H. PDMS-Silica 5 % MN (PDMS-Si5/0.1), treated with 0.1 M NaOH, I. PDMS-Silica 10 % MN, treated with 0.1 M NaOH (PDMS-Si10/0.1), J. PDMS-Silica 10 % MN, treated with 0.5

Bioaccessibility of C3G and D3G during the in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion of phospholipid-stabilized emulsions in the presence of metmyoglobin (30 µM) and the DJP-US extract or pure C3G. Values represent mean ± SD (n = 3).

A) CV responses of GCE (a), GQDs@GCE (b), GQDs@La3+@ZrO2 (c) in 5 mM 3− /4− at 30 mVs− 1 scan rate; B) Nyquist plot of GCE (a), GQDs@GCE (b), GQDs@La3+@ZrO2 in 5 mM 3− /4− ; C) CVs at different scan rate (20–200 mVs− 1 ); D) Relationship between peak current and square root of the scan rate.

Detailed classification of current status for separation of cathode materials and Al foil.

SEM images of (a) pure expanded graphite, (b) the DSP/CNF-EG composite, (c) thermal bridge network of CNF and (d) thermal network of CNF .](#page-26-0) Reproduced with the permission of IOP Publishing.

A schematic of the fluid channel and sample in the model. The green vertical lines mark the positions of the hypothetical electrodes. The letters are primarily used to assign boundary conditions, and their details can be found in (#page-5-0)

Selected regions for EBSD copying modeling.

Wear performance of the three different sets of blades in the knife mill tests. a) Average recessing gaps of the blade tips over the amount of feedstock processed. b) Average volume losses of the blade tips converted from the recessing gaps over the amount of feedstock processed.

(a) XRD pattern, and XPS spectra (b) survey scan, (c) high resolution Sr 3d and (d) high resolution Fe 2p of SrFe12O19 NR/G-29.7.

Histograms of tested parameters in monotonic punching tests of non-prestressed flat slab specimens with normal-weight HSC: a) specimen thickness; b) ratio As/Ac; c) concrete strength; d) average flexural reinforcement ratio; e) test setup conditions; f) presence of punching shear reinforcement.

The schematic structure of the unexposed and degraded MC carbide.

Experimental and computational nominal stress strain relationships at 21 m/s and 30 m/s impact for a) ACS\_V1, b) ACS\_V2\_RD6, and c) ACS\_V2\_RD9.

: TEM micrographs for BaZnxZrxFe12-2xO19 (x= 0.50)

Electrochemical performance of Ni3(C8H4O4)3(C3H7NO)4: cycling performance profiles.

DSC curve for TNT-ATL.

The total density of states of (Mn)@(g-CN1)2 was calculated at HSE (black solid line) and PBE (red solid line) levels of theory.

Finite element analysis - bending behavior under a pressure of 25 psi. Von Mises Stress .

Incoming and outgoing angles of transmission relative to the sample fenestration material.

(a) In-situ SEM imaging of lithium plating/stripping on Li/Cu electrodes: The figures and photos of in-situ liquid cell (left side), the SEM images (right side) (scale bar: 20 lm) (Reproduced with permission from ref. ](#page-19-0) Copyright 2017 Wiley–VCH); (b) variant Li plating morphologies under elevated oxygen pressure (Reproduced with permission from ref. ](#page-19-0) Copyright 2018 American Chemical Society); (c) schematic and photo of experiment setup and in-situ SEM images of Cu-Si nanolattice dur

SEM images of MnO2 (a and b), NiMoO4 (c and d), and NiMoO4@MnO2 (e and f).

Resonance frequency (a) and Q factor (b) of fully suspended pyrolytic carbon string resonators. Data is presented as mean ± SD (n = 5).

(a) NIR persistent luminescence decay curves for BGO: 0.005Bi3+,yLi+ (monitored at 710 nm after 254 nm UV light illumination for 5 min), (b) thermoluminescence (TL) curves of BGO:0.005Bi3+, yLi+(y = 0,0.001,0.02).

(a) XRD patterns of ZnMn2O4/NG and pure ZnMn2O4. (b) SEM, (c and d) TEM, (e) corresponded particle size distribution and (f) HRTEM images of prepared ZnMn2O4/NG.

PL and Raman maps of MoS2 on HOPG. a) AFM topography and b) phase images. c) Single-layer height profile of the regions visible in d) the optical microscopy image. The red lines are linear fits for the substrate and MoS2 monolayer profile with the fitting errors. e) PL map with regions of interest labeled: Amonolayer MoS2, B-bilayer MoS2, C-trilayer MoS2, and D-HOPG. f) PL spectra from different regions of interest. g) Raman intensity map. h) Raman spectra from different regions. (For interpretation of the

(a) Morphology and structure of HGNs: TEM and corresponding energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) mapping of elemental Ni, C, and S and high-resolution (HR-TEM) images of Ni/Ni3-xS2@C; SEM, high magnification of SEM, TEM, and HR-TEM images of HGNs ](#page-24-4) Copyright 2014,American Chemical Society; (b) SEM and TEM images of ZIF-67, single-shelled ZIF-67@LDH, double-shelled CH@LDH nanocages, and CH@LDH/S ](#page-24-5) Copyright 2016, Wiley-VCH; (c) Characterization of vertically aligned S-G arrays ](#page

Necking effect correction curves: strain correction (ε¯ - εe) and stress correction (σ¯ - σe).

Petri dishes of the antimicrobial assays for native chitosan and permethylated chitosan grafted materials.

Metallographic cross section.

SEM image of the pristine and (A, B) ground (C, D) structures of CNC.

oad Vs Flexural Strength (Flexural Testing)

a) Schematic of the nanocapsules design. (b, c) Voltage profile of hollow carbon shells (b) without and (c) with Au NPs during Li deposition process, respectively. Reproduced by permission of Nature Publishing Group

Extracted mobility from devices with P + or N + source/drain contacts and P + or N + poly-Si gate as seen from the a) front-gate b) back-gate.

Summary of mechanical properties of the hybrid joints in the different tested configurations; 10a) Maximum Load; 10b) pullout failure energy.

SEM images of characteristic features of (A) Stephanodiscus parvus (Biebrza river, Poland) (B-C) Aulacoseira cf. islandica (Okmin Lake, Poland), (D) Aulacoseira sp. (diatomaceous earth, DIATOMIT, Perma Guard), (E-F) Didymosphenia geminata (Wisloka river, Poland). Inputs: SEM images of the whole frustules with the designated places of the observations.

(a) Rate performance at various current densities of 0.1 to 30 A g− 1 , (b, c) long-term cycling stability at 1 A g− 1 and 10 A g− 1 over 1000 and 6000 cycles, respectively, and (d) EIS plots of the V2O5@MoS2–2 NCs cathode.

(a) XPS survey spectrum of MnCo2O4.5 nanosheets, and the core-level XPS spectra for (b) Mn 2p, (c) Co 2p, and (d) O 1 s, respectively.